'RLQJ+LVWRU\&UHDWLQJ0HPRU\ 5HSUHVHQWLQJWKH3DVWLQ'RFXPHQWDU\DQG $UFKLYH%DVHG7HOHYLVLRQ3URJUDPPHVZLWKLQD 0XOWL3ODWIRUP/DQGVFDSH   %HUEHU+DJHGRRUQ     



   

                                            ,6%1 ‹%HUEHU+DJHGRRUQ 3ULQWHGE\&3,.RQLQNOLMNH:|KUPDQQ &RYHUGHVLJQE\3HWHU%RHUVPDZZZKHKDOORQO 6FUHHQVKRWRQFRYHUIURPAndere tijdenHSLVRGH 'HEH]HWWLQJ YDQ/RHGH-RQJ GLU)HPNH9HOWPDQ 13693522FWREHU&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ

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

          3URPRWRUHQ3URIGU-6GH/HHXZ 3URIGU(0OOHU    

   

&RQWHQWV

,QWURGXFWLRQ &RQWH[WVDQGGHEDWHV

&DVHVWXGLHV

2YHUYLHZ

3RHWLFVDVD5HVHDUFK0RGHO

7KH3RHWLFVRI'RLQJ+LVWRU\RQ%URDGFDVW7HOHYLVLRQAndere Tijden %URDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVDVKRUWKLVWRU\

7KHFDVHRI$1'(5(7,-'(1

,QVWLWXWLRQDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  &RQWH[WVRISURGXFWLRQIURPDFRUQHUVHDWWRDQLQVWLWXWLRQRIKLVWRU\WHOHYLVLRQ  7KHJHQHVLVRIWKHAndere Tijden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

&LUFXODWLQJ+LVWRU\RQ'LJLWDO3ODWIRUPV'LJLWDO7KHPDWLF&KDQQHOV +\EULGLW\PL[LQJEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQDQGGLJLWDOFXOWXUH

  

7H[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHDLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  NPO DocORRNLQJDWWKHZRUOGZLWKGLIIHUHQWH\HV  3URJUDPPLQJIRUWKHFULWLFDOYLHZHU  ,QKRXVHSURGXFWLRQVDVSUDFWLFHVRIFRQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQ  &URVVSODWIRUPVFKHGXOLQJDQGVWHHULQJ &XOWXUDOKLVWRULFDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  NostalgieNet/LYLQJKLVWRU\DQGFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\RQWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHO ,QVWLWXWLRQDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  0HGLDSROLF\LQWKH1HWKHUODQGV &LUFXODWLQJKLVWRU\RQGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOV

5HSUHVHQWLQJWKH+RORFDXVWLQ0XOWL3ODWIRUP7HOHYLVLRQ'RFXPHQWDU\'UDPDDe OorlogDQG13 in de Oorlog 5HVFUHHQLQJWKHSDVW

,QVWLWXWLRQDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  )XQGLQJDQGSRZHUVRIGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ &XOWXUDOKLVWRULFDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  %ULQJLQJQRYHOSHUVSHFWLYHVWRWKHDWWHQWLRQRIFXUUHQWDXGLHQFHV 7H[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHDLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  $XGLRYLVXDOWHVWLPRQ\  9LVLEOHHYLGHQFH  9LVXDOLVLQJWKHSDVWIRUD\RXQJWDUJHWDXGLHQFH  ,PDJLQLQJWKHSDVWKLVWRULFDOGUDPD  7LQWHGKLVWRU\  (GXFDWLRQDOJDPLQJ :KDWZRXOG\RXGRLQWLPHVRIZDU"  +RORFDXVWUHSUHVHQWDWLRQLQPXOWLSODWIRUPWHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDU\GUDPD

6WUDWHJLHVRI0XOWL3ODWIRUP6WRU\WHOOLQJLQ7HOHYLVXDO&URVV0HGLD3URMHFWV In Europa ,QVWLWXWLRQDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  0XOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\SURGXFWLRQFKDOOHQJHVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHWHOHYLVLRQ LQGXVWU\  

   

&XOWXUDOKLVWRULFDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  5HZULWLQJ +LVWRU\ LQWRSHUVRQDOKLVWRULHV  7KH0HOFKLQJ0DNGHEDWH 7H[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHDLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV  3URYLGLQJDVSDFHRISDUWLFLSDWLRQ  5HVRQDQFHDQGFRQWLQXLW\  &RQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQVKDULQJDQGVKDSLQJSHUVRQDOQDUUDWLYHV  5HSURGXFLQJSHUVRQDOPHPRULHVYLDXVHUFRPPHQWDU\ 7RZDUGVDSDUWLFLSDWRU\PHPRU\"

'RLQJ+LVWRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQDVD3UDFWLFHRI&XOWXUDO0HPRU\ &XOWXUDOPHPRU\

7HOHYLVLRQDVDG\QDPLFFRQVWHOODWLRQRIVFUHHQSUDFWLFHV  /LYHQHVVSUHVHQFHDQGLPPHGLDF\  )L[LW\YHUVXVFRQQHFWLYLW\  )ORZVRIPHPRU\ 'RLQJKLVWRU\DVDSUDFWLFHRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\

7HOHYLVLRQDVFXOWXUDOPHPRU\LQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUD

%LEOLRJUDSK\

0HGLRJUDSK\ /LVWRI0XOWLPHGLD0DWHULDOV  7HOHYLVLRQILOPDQGUDGLR

:HEVLWHVDQGRQOLQHSRUWDOV

6WDWHPHQWRI,QFOXVLRQRI3XEOLVKHG:RUN

6XPPDU\LQ(QJOLVK

6DPHQYDWWLQJLQKHW1HGHUODQGV

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

%LRJUDSK\   

  

  ,QWURGXFWLRQ

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±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OOHUKDVDUJXHGWKDWWKH1HWKHUODQGVWKHUHIRUHPDNHDQ H[FHOOHQW WHVW PDUNHW IRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI PXOWLPHGLD SDUWLFLSDWRU\ VSDFHV$V7KRPDV (OVDHVVHUKDVDUJXHGQRZKHUHHOVHLQ(XURSHKDVWKHSUDFWLFHRIXVLQJPHGLDRIGRFXPHQWDWLRQ IRURUDODQGYLVXDOWHVWLPRQ\±UHIHUULQJWRERWKILOPDQGWHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDULHVLQSDUWLFXODU ±VXFKDORQJDQGIHUWLOHWUDGLWLRQDVLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV7KHUHKDVEHHQDJURZLQJSURSRUWLRQ RIKLVWRU\W\SHSURJUDPPLQJLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVDQGDEURDGSDUWLFXODUO\SURJUDPPHVZKLFKUH XVHDXGLRYLVXDODUFKLYDOPDWHULDOV'LJLWLVDWLRQRIHQRUPRXVDPRXQWVRIDXGLRYLVXDOPDWHULDO RYHUWKHSDVW\HDUVRIIHUVRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUEURDGFDVWLQJDQGKLVWRU\SURJUDPPHV7KLV KLVWRU\

 $QGUHZ+RVNLQV 7KH5LJKWWR%H)RUJRWWHQLQ3RVW6FDUFLW\&XOWXUH LQThe Ethics of Memory in a Digital Age: Interrogating the Right to Be ForgottenHG$OHVVLD*KH]]LÆQJHOD3HUHLUDDQG/XFLD 9HVQLü$OXMHYLü 1HZ

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±SURMHFWVWULYHWRDQDO\VHKRZWHOHYLVLRQGRHVKLVWRU\ DQGZKDWNLQGRIKLVWRU\WHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVDUHFUHDWLQJ)XUWKHUPRUHWKHHPHUJHQWERG\ RI ZRUN LQ WKH DUHDV RI SURGXFWLRQ VWXGLHV DQG WKH FUHDWLYH LQGXVWULHV DFNQRZOHGJHV WKH LPSRUWDQFHRISURGXFWLRQFRQGLWLRQVDQGWKHSUDFWLFHVRIPHGLDDQGWHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOV

 $QGUHDV+X\VVHQPresent Pasts: Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory 6WDQIRUG &DOLIRUQLD6WDQIRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  $PRQJVWRWKHUV-HURPHGH*URRWConsuming History: Historians and Heritage in Contemporary Popular Culture /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 6LDQ1LFKRODV7RP2 0DOOH\DQG.HYLQ:LOOLDPVHGV Reconstructing the Past: History in the Mass Media 1890–2005 /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 5REHUW 5RVHQVWRQHHistory on Film / Film on History +DUORZ3HDUVRQ(GXFDWLRQ/LPLWHG 'DYLG &DQQDGLQHHistory and the Media %DVLQJVWRNH+DPSVKLUH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ $QQ 5LJQH\The Rhetoric of Historical Representation: Three Narrative Histories of the French Revolution &DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  $PRQJVWRWKHUV$QQ*UD\DQG(ULQ%HOOHistory on Television 1HZ

  

5HSUHVHQWDWLRQV RI KLVWRU\ RQ WHOHYLVLRQ DUH OLYHO\ DUWHIDFWV RI ZLWQHVVLQJ WKH SDVW DQG FRQVWUXFWLQJPHPRU\7KHVHZLGHO\DFFHVVLEOHLPDJHVVKDSHRXUSHUVSHFWLYHVRIWKHSDVWEXW WKHLU FUHDWRUV VHOHFW DQG VWUXFWXUH WKHVH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQV DQG PDNH WKHP DFFHVVLEOH ZLWKLQ D VSHFLILFFRQWH[W6WXDUW+DOOKDVUHPLQGHGXVWKDWUHSUHVHQWDWLRQLPSOLHV WKHDFWLYHZRUNRI VHOHFWLQJDQGSUHVHQWLQJRIVWUXFWXULQJDQGVKDSLQJQRWPHUHO\WKHWUDQVPLWWLQJRIDQDOUHDG\ H[LVWLQJPHDQLQJEXWWKHPRUHDFWLYHODERXURImaking things mean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he incorporation of other media has become a distinctive feature of television in the new millennium, characterised by highly accessible and participatory forms of user engagement across media.0HGLDKLVWRU\KDVFKDQJHGWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRQWHOHYLVLRQDVDPDVV 

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

«D PRYH IURP PHGLXPVSHFLILF FRQWHQW WRZDUG FRQWHQW WKDW IORZV DFURVV PXOWLSOH PHGLD FKDQQHOV WRZDUG WKH LQFUHDVHG LQWHUGHSHQGHQFH RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQV V\VWHPV WRZDUG PXOWLSOH ZD\V RI DFFHVVLQJ PHGLD FRQWHQW DQG WRZDUG HYHU PRUH FRPSOH[ UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQWRSGRZQFRUSRUDWHPHGLDDQGERWWRPXSSDUWLFLSDWRU\FXOWXUH 

$XGLHQFHVFDQHQJDJHZLWKDQGFRQWULEXWHWRWKHVHQHZVIRUPVRIWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQW7KH\ GLVFXVVDQGVKDUHVXFKFRQWHQWRQGLYHUVHVFUHHQVDQGSODWIRUPVE\OLQNLQJYDULHGWH[WVWKURXJK LQYLWDWLRQV WR LQWHUDFW ZLWK WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPHV EH\RQG DQG RXWVLGH RI EURDGFDVWLQJ $FWLYLWLHVPRUHWUDGLWLRQDOO\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKIDQVKDYHEHFRPHDQLQFUHDVLQJO\FRPPRQDFWLYLW\ DPRQJUHJXODUYLHZHUV,Q,YDQ$VNZLWKSUHGLFWHGWKDWWHOHYLVLRQ VIXWXUHZRXOGUHYROYH DURXQGLWVHPHUJLQJUROHDVDQHQJDJHPHQWPHGLXPPHDQLQJ DPHGLXPWKDWGUDZVXSRQPHGLD SODWIRUPVFRQWHQWSURGXFWVDFWLYLWLHVDQGVRFLDOVSDFHVWRSURYLGHDXGLHQFHVZLWKDUDQJHRI RSSRUWXQLWLHVWRHQJDJHZLWKWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQW -RVpYDQ'LMFNKDVSRLQWHGLQWKLVFRQWH[WWR WKHIXQFWLRQRISODWIRUPVDVmediatorsVLQFHSODWIRUPVGRQRWRQO\IDFLOLWDWHEXWDOVRVKDSHWKH SHUIRUPDQFHRIVXFKVRFLDODFWLYLWLHV$FFRUGLQJWR6X]DQQH6FRWWWKHQH[WORJLFDOVWHSLQWKH PHGLXP VWUHQGWRZDUGVQDUUDWLYHFRPSOH[LW\DQGLWVUHLQYHQWLRQDVDQHQJDJHPHQWPHGLXPLV

 -RQDWKDQ%LJQHOODQG$QGUHDV)LFNHUVA European Television History 2[IRUG%ODFNZHOO 3XEOLVKLQJ  &KULVWRSKHU$QGHUVRQDQG0LFKDHO&XUWLQ :ULWLQJ&XOWXUDO+LVWRU\7KH&KDOOHQJHRI5DGLRDQG 7HOHYLVLRQ LQMedia History: Theories, Methods, AnalysisHG1LHOV%UJJHUDQG6¡UHQ.ROVWUXS $DUKXV$DUKXV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ± 7HOHYLVLRQKDVFRQVWDQWO\LQWHUDFWHGZLWKRWKHUPHGLDWKURXJKLWVPRELOLW\RIIRUPVDFURVVQXPHURXV PHGLDLQGXVWULHVDQGWHFKQRORJLHVVHH0LFKDHO.DFNPDQHWDOHGVFlow TV: Television in the Age of Media Convergence 1HZ

  

WKHLQFUHDVHGGHSOR\PHQWRIWUDQVPHGLDVWRU\WHOOLQJWHFKQLTXHVE\WKHWHOHYLVLRQLQGXVWULHV (YHQPRUHDPELWLRXVWKDQcross-mediaVWRU\WHOOLQJ±OLWHUDOO\VWRU\WHOOLQJacross SODWIRUPV± transmediaVWRU\WHOOLQJLQFOXGHVDGLVWLQFWSURGXFWLRQURXWLQHWKHH[SORLWDWLRQRIVRFLDODQG GLJLWDOPHGLDHPEHGGHGLQGDLO\OLIHDQGFKDQJLQJSURIHVVLRQVLQWKHWHOHYLVLRQLQGXVWU\WR DFKLHYHDGHHSHUHQJDJHPHQWZLWKH[LVWLQJWHOHYLVXDOSUDFWLFHV7KHQRWLRQRImulti-platform VWRU\WHOOLQJUHIHUVLQWKHFRQWH[WRIP\UHVHDUFKWRERWKWKHVHSUDFWLFHVDVZHOODVWHOHYLVLRQ V WUDQVLWLRQLQWRDSUDFWLFHRIPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJLQZKLFKFRQWHQWWUDYHOVDFURVVPXOWLSOH VFUHHQVDQGPHGLDFKDQQHOV$VWKHUHVXOWRIWKHLQFRUSRUDWLRQRILQWHUQHWWDEOHWDQGPRELOH SKRQHWHFKQRORJLHVLQWRWKHWHOHYLVLRQH[SHULHQFHPDQ\WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVDQGSUDFWLFHV WRGD\IXQFWLRQDV VSDFHVRISDUWLFLSDWLRQ WKDWDUHUHVKDSHGDQGFRSURGXFHGE\XVHUV 2. Television as a multi-platform and dynamic screen practice includes long-established forms of public broadcasting as well as new media and digital practices that are shaped by distinct modes of interaction between television professionals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

 6X]DQQH6FRWW :KR V6WHHULQJWKH0RWKHUVKLS"7KH5ROHRIWKH)DQER\$XWHXULQ7UDQVPHGLD 6WRU\WHOOLQJ LQThe Participatory Cultures HandbookHG$DURQ$ODQ'HOZLFKHDQG-HQQLIHU-DFREV +HQGHUVRQ 1HZ

    VHUYLFHEURDGFDVWLQJ  FRPSOH[79 WHOHYLVLRQLQWKHDJHRI GLJLWDOPDQLSXODELOLW\  FRQYHUJHQW WHOHYLVLRQ V  DQG WHOHYLVLRQ VWXGLHV LQ WKH SRVWEURDGFDVW  HUD6XFK GHVFULSWLRQVKRZHYHUGRKDYHDWHQGHQF\WRREVFXUHWKHUHFHQWWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQ LQWR D PXOWLSODWIRUP DQG G\QDPLF VFUHHQ SUDFWLFH WKDW LQFOXGHV ORQJHVWDEOLVKHG IRUPV RI SXEOLFEURDGFDVWLQJDVZHOODVPRUHFRQWHPSRUDU\SUDFWLFHVOLNHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOV$V WKHHVVD\VLQWKHHGLWHGYROXPHTelevision as Digital Media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±DQGLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUDWKHLUUHODWHGFRQWHQWDVZHOO±DUHVWXGLHGDV WH[WV  2QWKHRQHKDQGVXFKDUHVHDUFKSHUVSHFWLYH]RRPVLQRQWKHFUXFLDOUROHRISURJUDPPLQJLQ WHOHYLVLRQ VSURFHVVHVRI GRXEOHPHGLDWLRQ ZKLFK$QGHUVRQDQG&XUWLQ GUDZLQJXSRQZRUNV E\-RKQ&RUQHUDQG-RKQ+DUWOH\ GHVFULEHDVWKHLQVWLWXWLRQVRIWHOHYLVLRQLQFRUSRUDWLQJDQG UHGLUHFWLQJ LVVXHV DQG FRQFHUQV IURP VRFLHW\ DQG WUDQVPLWWLQJ WKHVH EDFN WR VRFLHW\ LQ D UHFRJQLVDEOHIRUP2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVDQGWKHLUUHODWHGFRQWHQWDUH more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ublic Service Broadcasting 3.0: Legal Design for the Digital Present 1HZ

  

HVWDEOLVKHGIRUPVRISXEOLFEURDGFDVWLQJDVZHOODVQHZPHGLDDQGGLJLWDOSUDFWLFHVZKLFKDUH VKDSHGE\GLVWLQFWPRGHVRILQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVRQGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVLQ WKHLUZRUN 3. In the current era of television in transition, the medium is facing profound changes and challenges on institutional, technological and cultural levels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

  -DDUSHUVEHULFKWNLMNFLMIHUV Stichting Kijkonderzoek-DQXDU\ KWWSVNLMNRQGHU]RHNQOLPDJHV-DDUSHUVEHULFKWHQ-DDUSHUVEHULFKWBSGI $DQGHHOOLQHDLUWYNLMNHQ ]DNWQDDUYDQWRWDOHNLMNWLMG Telecompaper6HSWHPEHU KWWSZZZWHOHFRPSDSHUFRPQLHXZVDDQGHHOOLQHDLUWYNLMNHQ]DNWQDDUYDQWRWDOHNLMNWLMG  1HGHUODQGHUVEHVWHGHQKHOIWWYWLMGDDQOLQHDLUHWY Telecompaper2FWREHU KWWSZZZWHOHFRPSDSHUFRPQLHXZVQHGHUODQGHUVEHVWHGHQKHOIWWYWLMGDDQOLQHDLUHWY 1LFRYDQ(LMNDQG%DUWYDQGHU6ORRW +RZ7HOHYLVLRQ:HQW'LJLWDOLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV Mapping Digital Media: Reference Series  ±  2QOLQHGLHQVWHQYRRU]LHQLQPHGLDEHKRHIWHQ Emerce$XJXVW KWWSZZZHPHUFHQOQLHXZVRQOLQHGLHQVWHQYRRU]LHQPHGLDEHKRHIWH

    WKDWRUJDQLVHKRPHOLIH(JJR0OOHUKDVDUJXHGWKDWPDUNHWLQJDQGGHYHORSPHQWVWUDWHJLHV RIWHOHYLVLRQLQERWK'XWFKDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQWH[WVKDYHWUDQVIRUPHGWHOHYLVLRQLQWRD PHGLD FHQWUH WKDWSURYLGHVWHOHYLVLRQXVHUVZLWKDFFHVVWRGLIIHUHQWIRUPVRIPHGLDFRQVXPSWLRQ :DWFKLQJ WHOHYLVLRQ RQ GHYLFHV VXFK DV D WDEOHW PRELOH SKRQH RU ODSWRS LV EHFRPLQJ LQFUHDVLQJO\ SRSXODU ZLWK D TXDUWHU RI WKH 'XWFK SRSXODWLRQ DOVR XVLQJ D WDEOHW WR YLHZ SURJUDPPHVLQ/RZHUSULFHVIRUVFUHHQGHYLFHVDQGIDVWHULQWHUQHWFRQQHFWLRQVQRWWR PHQWLRQ WKH JURZLQJ LPSRUWDQFH RI VRFLDO QHWZRUNLQJ VLWHV DUH IDFLOLWDWLQJ D VKLIW IURP ZDWFKLQJ WHOHYLVLRQ WRJHWKHU WR DQ LQFUHDVLQJO\ SHUVRQDO DQG LQGLYLGXDO QDWLRQDO YLHZLQJ FXOWXUH,QWRGD\ VPXOWLPHGLDODQGVFDSHDXGLHQFHVKDYHIDVWDQGHDV\DFFHVVWRDXGLRYLVXDO PDWHULDOVRQDYDULHW\RIVFUHHQV$VDUHVXOWWKH\DUHOHDUQLQJZKDW/\QQ6SLJHOKDVGHVFULEHG DV QHZ YLHZLQJ SURWRFROV  +RZHYHU WKLV DOVR VLJQLILHV WKDW EHKDYLRXUV RI YLHZLQJ DUH EHFRPLQJ LQFUHDVLQJO\ LQGLYLGXDO LQVWHDG RI ZDWFKLQJ WHOHYLVLRQ WRJHWKHU WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPHVFDQEHYLHZHGDWDQ\WLPHDWDQ\SODFHDVYLHZLQJKDELWVDUHH[SHFWHGWREHEDVHG PRUHDQGPRUHRQSHUVRQDOVHOHFWLRQ ,WLVHYLGHQWWKDWLQWHUQHWFRQYHUJHQFHDQGPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJKDVEHFRPHDQ LPSRUWDQW SUHFRQGLWLRQ IRU WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPLQJ LQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV ,QVWLWXWLRQDO WHFKQRORJLFDODQGFXOWXUDOGHYHORSPHQWVKDYHSURIRXQGO\WUDQVIRUPHGWKHSUDFWLFHRIZDWFKLQJ WHOHYLVLRQLQWKHQHZPLOOHQQLXP±DQGZLOOFRQWLQXHWRGRVRLQ\HDUVWRFRPH2QWKHRQH KDQGWKHULVHRIWLPHVKLIWLQJWHFKQRORJLHVDQGLQFUHDVLQJO\SHUVRQDOLVHGSURJUDPPHSDFNDJHV KDVOHGVFKRODUVOLNH:RRGDQG7D\ORUWRDUJXHWKDWWHOHYLVLRQDVDG\QDPLFWUDQVJHQHUDWLRQDO PHGLXPLVSDUWLFXODUO\IDFLQJWKHPDUNHWOHGIUDJPHQWDWLRQRIDXGLHQFHVWDNLQJSHRSOHDZD\ IURP IDPLO\ YLHZLQJ 7HOHYLVLRQ LV DOVR LQFUHDVLQJO\ LQWHUZHDYLQJ ZLWK RWKHU PHGLD IRU LQVWDQFH VRFLDO PHGLD OLNH 7ZLWWHU 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG UHFHQW VWXGLHV KDYH SRLQWHG RXW FKDOOHQJHV WR WKHVH GHYHORSPHQWV )RU H[DPSOH WKH IUDJPHQWHG PDUNHW LQ (XURSH IRUPV D

 -RKQ)LVNHTelevision Culture /RQGRQ0HWKXHQ  (JJR0OOHU $FFHVVWRWKH/LYLQJ5RRP7ULSOH3OD\DQG,QWHUDFWLYH7HOHYLVLRQ5HVKDSLQJWKH 3URGXFHU&RQVXPHU5HODWLRQ LQInformation Communication Technologies and Emerging Business StrategiesHG6KHQMDYDQGHU*UDDIDQG

  

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±DOWKRXJKZHKDYHDOUHDG\VHHQ VWULNLQJH[DPSOHVLOOXVWUDWLQJWKHIDFWWKDWWKHLQWHUQHWGRHVQRWQHFHVVDULO\WUXPSWHOHYLVLRQ ,WLVFOHDUWKDWWHOHYLVLRQWRGD\LVDPXFKPRUHFRPSOH[SKHQRPHQRQFRPSDUHGWRLWVEHJLQQLQJ DVDVLQJOHWHOHYLVLRQVHWIL[HGLQWKHYLHZHU VOLYLQJURRP 4. Television's contemporary practices of doing history need to be analysed on their own terms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

 6HHHJ3HWHUYDQ$PPHOURR\ 1HWIOL[ZRUGWKHWWRFKQLHW9LHUUHGHQHQZDDURP(XURSHHV VXFFHVQLHWJHJDUDQGHHUGLV De Volkskrant$XJXVWKWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOWHOHYLVLH QHWIOL[ZRUGWKHWWRFKQLHWaD 3DXO2QNHQKRXW -RQJHUHQKHEEHQWYQLHWPHHUQRGLJ De Volkskrant2FWREHU KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOPHGLDMRQJHUHQKHEEHQWYQLHWPHHUQRGLJaD+HOHHQYDQ/LHU ,QYORHG1HWIOL[RSWYYHHOJURWHUGDQJHGDFKW De Volkskrant-XO\ KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOELQQHQODQGLQYORHGQHWIOL[RSWYYHHOJURWHUGDQJHGDFKWaD $QQDYDQ&DXZHQEHUJH $DQGDFKWYRRUQLHXZVELMMRQJHPHQVHQFULVLV"  3K'5DGERXG 8QLYHUVLW\1LMPHJHQDQG.8/HXYHQ 'LUN:DWHUYDO 0RELHOHQLHXZVJHEUXLNHUVYROJHQ QLHXZVDOVVRDS(HQQLHXZJH]LFKW De Volkskrant0D\ KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOZHWHQVFKDSPRELHOHQLHXZVJHEUXLNHUVYROJHQQLHXZVDOVVRDSaD :KHQWKHILUVWKRXURIWKHILQDOVHDVRQRI$%& V/267KDGEHHQOHDNHGRQOLQHLQ)HEUXDU\ XVHUVRIDSRSXODUVRFLDOQHWZRUNVLWHYRWHGWR EXU\ WKHYLGHR)DQFRPPHQWVLQFOXGHG:K\VSRLOLW QRZ">«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ost+RXU0DQ\9LHZHUV5HIXVLQJWR:DWFK2QOLQH:DLWLQJIRU79$LULQJ  The Hollywood Reporter.com)HEUXDU\ KWWSZZZKROO\ZRRGUHSRUWHUFRPKUFRQWHQWBGLVSOD\WHOHYLVLRQQHZVHLGHFEFDI FE (GZDUG+DOOHWW&DUUWhat Is History &DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  :LQVWRQ :ULWLQJWKH+LVWRU\'RFXPHQWDU\  ,ELG±

    WHUPVE\VWXG\LQJWKHSRHWLFVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\RQWHOHYLVLRQ$VVWDWHGHDUOLHUWKRXJKPXFKRI WKHGHEDWHKDVEHHQDERXWZKHWKHUWHOHYLVLRQLVDEOHWRGRKLVWRU\SURSHUO\VWXGLHVWKDWDUHPRUH UHFHQW VWULYH WR DQDO\VH how WHOHYLVLRQ GRHV KLVWRU\ 7KLV QHFHVVDULO\ LQFOXGHV SUDFWLFHV RI VWRU\WHOOLQJ±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help to constructversions of realityDQGWKHVHFRQVWUXFWLRQVDUHDOZD\VRSHQWRGLVFXVVLRQ6WHOOD%UX]]LH[SODLQVWKLVEHVW LQKHUGHILQLWLRQRIGRFXPHQWDU\WH[WVDV

«DQHJRWLDWLRQEHWZHHQUHDOLW\RQWKHRQHKDQGDQGLPDJHLQWHUSUHWDWLRQDQGELDVRQ WKH RWKHU >«@ SUHGLFDWHG XSRQ D GLDOHFWLFDO UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ DVSLUDWLRQ DQG SRWHQWLDOWKDWWKHWH[WLWVHOIUHYHDOVWKHWHQVLRQVEHWZHHQWKHGRFXPHQWDU\SXUVXLWRIWKH PRVWDXWKHQWLFPRGHRIIDFWXDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQGWKHLPSRVVLELOLW\RIWKLVDLP 

,QWKLVFRQWH[W%LOO1LFKROVKDVQRWDEO\DUJXHGWKDWGRFXPHQWDU\WH[WVUHSUHVHQWWKHKLVWRULFDO ZRUOGE\VKDSLQJDSKRWRJUDSKLFUHFRUGRIVRPHDVSHFWRIWKHZRUOGIURPDGLVWLQFWSHUVSHFWLYH 7KH\DUHDrepresentationRIWKHZRUOGDQGWKLVUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIUHDOLW\VWDQGVIRUDSDUWLFXODU YLHZRIWKHZRUOG'RFXPHQWDU\PDNHUVZRUNLQJLQILOPDQGWHOHYLVLRQXVHDYDULHW\RIWRROV IURP HGLWLQJ WR WKH FKRLFH RI SUHVHQWHUV WR JHW WKHLU VWRU\ DFURVV WR WKHLU DXGLHQFH -RKQ *ULHUVRQ VPXFKUHIHUUHGWRGHILQLWLRQRIGRFXPHQWDU\DV WKHFUHDWLYHWUHDWPHQWRIDFWXDOLW\  HQWDLOVWKDWWKHGRFXPHQWDU\SUHVHQWVLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHVRFLDOKLVWRULFDOZRUOGEXWKDVWR EHmoreWKDQDTXDVLVFLHQWLILFUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIUHDOLW\7KHGRFXPHQWDU\PDNHUPDNHVXVHRI DZLGHUDQJHRIFUHDWLYHDELOLWLHVWRWXUQIUDJPHQWVRIUHDOLW\LQWRDQDUWHIDFWZLWKDVSHFLILF

 +D\GHQ:KLWH 7KH9DOXHRI1DUUDWLYLW\LQWKH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRI5HDOLW\ Critical InquiryQR  GRL -RKQ(OOLV 79DQG&LQHPD:KDW)RUPVRI+LVWRU\'R:H1HHG" LQCinema, Television and History: New ApproachesHG/DXUD0HHDQG-RKQQ\:DONHU 1HZFDVWOHXSRQ7\QH&DPEULGJH 6FKRODUV3XEOLVKLQJ ± 0\UD0DFGRQDOGExploring Media Discourse /RQGRQ$UQROG  6WHOOD%UX]]LNew Documentary 1HZ

  

VRFLDOLPSDFW7KHVHGLVFXUVLYHWHQGHQFLHVRIGRFXPHQWDU\ILUVWVHL]HWKHYLHZHUV DWWHQWLRQ EHFDXVHRILWVHYLGHQWLDU\DFWXDOLW\DSSHDOWKHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRUUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIDFWXDOHYHQWV 6HFRQG WKH GRFXPHQWDU\ PDNHU XVHV HYHU\ LQVWUXPHQW LQ WKH FUHDWLYH WRROER[ WR EULQJ WKH WH[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHGRFXPHQWDU\PDWHULDOWRDOHYHOWKDWGUDZVWKHYLHZHU IXUWKHULQDOWKRXJKWKHGHJUHHRIVRFLDOLPSDFWZLOOYDU\SHUGRFXPHQWDU\WH[WDQGDXGLHQFH )RU WHOHYLVLRQ PDNHUV ZRUNLQJ ZLWKLQ WKH ILHOG RI DUFKLYHEDVHG KLVWRU\ DQG GRFXPHQWDU\ SURJUDPPLQJKRZWRFRPELQHWKH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIUHDOLW\ ZLWKDFUHDWLYHWUHDWPHQWRIWKLV UHDOLW\LVFUXFLDOWRWKHLUSUDFWLFH±EHFDXVHWKLVLVZKHUHWKHFUHDWLYHFRQYHQWLRQVRIWHOHYLVLRQ DQGWKHFRQYHQWLRQVRIKLVWRU\PHHW 5. Television as practice of cultural memory concerns the interplay of present and past in socio-cultural contexts. 5HFHQW VWXGLHV KDYH SRLQWHG RXW WKH FHQWUDOLW\ RI PHGLD WR WKH IRUPDWLRQRIPHPRU\7KHVHVWXGLHVKLJKOLJKWWKDWPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHVDUHQRWRQO\SURGXFHGLQ VRFLRFXOWXUDOFRQWH[WVEXWDUHUHSXUSRVHGDQGSUHVHUYHGWKURXJKPHGLDSUDFWLFHV,QWKHVH GHEDWHVPHGLDWHFKQRORJLHVDUHGHILQHGDV WRROV WKDWmediate EHWZHHQSHUVRQDODQGFROOHFWLYH FXOWXUDOPHPRU\  P\HPSKDVLV 7KHQRWLRQRImediationUHIHUVKHUHWRPHGLDDVWKH LQ EHWZHHQ DV HQWHULQJLQWRDQGVKDSLQJWKHPXQGDQHEXWXELTXLWRXVUHODWLRQVDPRQJLQGLYLGXDOV DQG EHWZHHQ LQGLYLGXDOV DQG VRFLHW\  7KLV GHYHORSPHQW FDQQRW EH VHHQ DV VHSDUDWH IURP mediatisation WKH PRUH ORQJWHUP DQG FRPSOH[ PHWD SURFHVVHV RI VRFLDO WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ ZKHUHE\PHGLDEHFRPHLQFUHDVLQJO\LQIOXHQWLDODQGG\QDPLFDOO\LQWHJUDWHGLQGLIIHUHQWVSKHUHV RIVRFLHW\ 1RWRQO\DUHWKHZD\VLQZKLFKPHGLDXVHUVWRGD\LQGLYLGXDOO\UHPHPEHUDQG IRUJHWVKDSHGLQSDUWE\PHGLDWH[WVDQGLPDJHV%XWWKLVGHYHORSPHQWDOVRDIIHFWVWKHZRUNRI KLVWRULDQVDVJDWHNHHSHUVRIRIILFLDOKLVWRU\DQGFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\$OHLGD$VVPDQQKDVVWDWHG WKDWKLVWRULDQVKDYHlost WKHLUPRQRSRO\RYHUGHILQLQJDVZHOODVUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHSDVW :KDWLV FDOOHGWKHPHPRU\ERRPLVWKHLPPHGLDWHHIIHFWRIWKLVORVVRIWKHKLVWRULDQ VVLQJXODUDQG XQULYDOOHGDXWKRULW\ 6RFLHWLHVFRQWLQXRXVO\QHJRWLDWHD VKDUHG XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHSDVW DQGWHOHYLVLRQIDFLOLWDWHVVXFKQHJRWLDWLRQV2SHQLQJXSDFFHVVWRKLVWRU\RQWHOHYLVLRQRIIHUV WKHSRVVLELOLW\IRUDXGLHQFHVLQSRVWVFDUFLW\FXOWXUHWRPDNHFRQVFLRXVGHFLVLRQVWRDVVLPLODWH  -RKQ*ULHUVRQ 7KH'RFXPHQWDU\3URGXFHU Cinema QuarterlyQR  ± 6HHDOVR%HUEHU+DJHGRRUQ 6KDUHG7H[WXDO$XWKRULW\LQWKH)RXQG)RRWDJH'RFXPHQWDU\$ 7KHRUHWLFDODQG+LVWRULFDO$QDO\VLVRI7KH0DHOVWURP*UL]]O\0DQDQG0\$UFKLWHFW  0$8WUHFKW 8QLYHUVLW\  0RWWL1HLJHU2UHQ0H\HUVDQG(\DO=DQGEHUJHGVOn Media Memory: Collective Memory in a New Media Age /RQGRQ3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ $VWULG(UOODQG$QQ5LJQH\HGVMediation, Remediation, and the Dynamics of Cutural Memory %HUOLQ'H*UX\WHU +X\VVHQPresent Pasts -RVpYDQ'LMFNMediated Memories in the Digital Age 6WDQIRUG&$6WDQIRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV   6RQLD/LYLQJVWRQH 2QWKH0HGLDWLRQRI(YHU\WKLQJ,&$3UHVLGHQWLDO$GGUHVV Journal of CommunicationQR  GRLM[ /RXLVH)DELDQDQG&DPLOOD0¡KULQJ5HHVWRUII 0HGLDWL]DWLRQDQGWKH7UDQVIRUPDWLRQVRI&XOWXUDO $FWLYLVP Conjunctions: Transdisciplinary Journal of Cultural ParticipationQR   $OHLGD$VVPDQQ 5H)UDPLQJ0HPRU\%HWZHHQ,QGLYLGXDODQG&ROOHFWLYH)RUPVRI&RQVWUXFWLQJ WKH3DVW LQPerforming the Past: Memory, History and Identity in Modern EuropeHG.DULQ7LOPDQV )UDQNYDQ9UHHDQG-D\:LQWHU $PVWHUGDP$PVWHUGDP8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ± +ROGVZRUWKTelevision, Memory and Nostalgia-pU{PH%RXUGRQ 6RPH6HQVHRI7LPH 5HPHPEHULQJ7HOHYLVLRQ History & MemoryQR  ±GRLKDP (GJHUWRQDQG5ROOLQVTelevision Histories

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needPHGLDDQGFXOWXUDOSUDFWLFHVWRRUJDQLVHDQGH[SUHVVWKHLU PHPRULHV JLYHQ WKH IDFW WKDW WKH\ EXLOG WKHLU FXOWXUDO PHPRU\ LQWHUDFWLYHO\ WKURXJK FRPPXQLFDWLRQ LQ ODQJXDJH LPDJHV REMHFWV DQG ULWXDOV $VWULG (UOO GHVFULEHV FXOWXUDO PHPRU\QRWDVWKHREMHFWRIRQHVLQJOHUHVHDUFKILHOGRUDFDGHPLFGLVFLSOLQHEXWIXQGDPHQWDOO\ DVD WUDQVGLVFLSOLQDU\SKHQRPHQRQ DQG LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\SURMHFW (UOOWKHUHIRUHFRQFOXGHVWKDW D IDYRXUHG VWDQGSRLQW RU DSSURDFK IRU FXOWXUDO PHPRU\ UHVHDUFK GRHV QRW H[LVW0HPRU\ VWXGLHV LV D GLYHUVH UHVHDUFK ILHOG ZKHUH WKH UHODWLYHO\ UHFHQW QRWLRQ RI FXOWXUDO PHPRU\  GLVWLQJXLVKHVLWVHOIIURPWKHFRQFHSWVRIFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\SRSXODUPHPRU\VRFLDOPHPRU\ DQGlieux de mémoireDVDconstructive process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±DQQLYHUVDULHVFRPPHPRUDWLRQVDQGRWKHUEURDGFDVWVZLWKDQH[SOLFLWSXUSRVHWR FRPPHPRUDWH±DQGQRQFRPPHPRUDWLYHPHPRU\SUDFWLFHV±EURDGFDVWVZKLFKUHIHUWRWKH SDVW DQG RIIHU RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU FRPPHPRUDWLRQ EXW GR QRW KDYH D SULPDU\ LQWHQW WR FRPPHPRUDWHVXFKDVIRUH[DPSOHQHZVSURJUDPPLQJ7HOHYLVLRQ VXVHRIKLVWRU\DWWKHRQVHW RIWKHKLVWRU\ERRPFRYHUHGDERXWRQHILIWKRISURJUDPPHVRQEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQDV3LHUUH 6RUOLQ KDV VWDWHG 7HOHYLVLRQ V UHIHUHQFHV WR WKH SDVW DUH HYHQ JUHDWHU WKDQ RQHILIWK RI  0DULWD6WXUNHQTangled Memories: The Vietnam War, the AIDS Epidemic, and the Politics of Remembering %HUNHOH\8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV  $OHLGD$VVPDQQErinnerungsräume: Formen und Wandlungen des kulturellen Gedächtnisses 0QFKHQ%HFN /LHGHNH3ODWHDQG$QQHNH6PHOLNHGVTechnologies of Memory in the Arts %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ  $VWULG(UOO &XOWXUDO0HPRU\6WXGLHV$Q,QWURGXFWLRQ LQCultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary HandbookHG$VWULG(UOO$QVJDU1QQLQJDQG6DUD%

  

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±PDLQO\WKHHDUO\\HDUVRIWHOHYLVLRQ±DQGVSHFLILFSURJUDPPHV±SULPDULO\

 IRUPHU

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pU{PH%RXUGRQ 6RPH6HQVHRI7LPH5HPHPEHULQJ7HOHYLVLRQ History & MemoryQR  GRLKDP0\UD0DFGRQDOG 3HUIRUPLQJ0HPRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQ 'RFXPHQWDU\DQGWKHV ScreenQR  GRLVFUHHQKMO7LP 2 6XOOLYDQ 7HOHYLVLRQ0HPRULHVDQG&XOWXUHVRI9LHZLQJ± LQPopular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural HistoryHG-RKQ&RUQHU /RQGRQ%ULWLVK)LOP,QVWLWXWH ± 6HHWKHVSHFLDOLVVXHE\-pU{PH%RXUGRQDQG%HUEHU+DJHGRRUQHGV (XURSHDQ7HOHYLVLRQ 0HPRULHV VIEW Journal of European Television History and CultureQR   KWWSYLHZMRXUQDOHXLQGH[SKSYLHZLVVXHYLHZ+ROGVZRUWKTelevision, Memory and Nostalgia 0DUL3DMDOD 7HOHYLVLRQDVDQ$UFKLYHRI0HPRULHV"&XOWXUDO0HPRU\DQG,WV/LPLWVRQWKH)LQQLVK 3XEOLF6HUYLFH%URDGFDVWHU V2QOLQH$UFKLYH Critical Studies in TelevisionQR  ± GRL&67+RVNLQV 7HOHYLVLRQDQGWKH&ROODSVHRI0HPRU\ %RXUGRQ 6RPH6HQVHRI 7LPH 7KHFRQIHUHQFHV 7LPH1HWZRUNV6FUHHQ0HGLDDQG0HPRU\  1(&6(XURSHDQ1HWZRUN IRU&LQHPDDQG0HGLD6WXGLHV1HZ8QLYHUVLW\RI/LVERQDQG8QLYHUVLW\RI&RLPEUD DQGWKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ1HZ0HGLD0HPRULHVDQG+LVWRULHV 1DQ\DQJ7HFKQRORJLFDO8QLYHUVLW\ 6LQJDSRUH SDLGQRWDEOHDWWHQWLRQWRWHOHYLVLRQDVDSUDFWLFHRIPHPRU\VHHWKHVSHFLDOLVVXHE\.DL .KLXQ/LHZ1DWDOLH3DQJDQG%UHQGD&KDQHGV 1HZ0HGLD0HPRULHVDQG+LVWRULHV Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural StudiesQR  KWWSZZZWDQGIRQOLQHFRPWRFFFRQ $QWRQ.DHV +LVWRU\DQG)LOP3XEOLF0HPRU\LQWKH$JHRI(OHFWURQLF'LVVHPLQDWLRQ History & MemoryQR  ±

  

FRQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQ RI KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPHV RQ WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOV DQG UHODWHG SODWIRUPV DQG FRQQHFWHGFURVVPHGLDSUDFWLFHVVXFKDVSURJUDPPHZHEVLWHVWKDWUHSXUSRVHDUFKLYDOLPDJHV ZLWKLQDQHZFRQWH[WDQGLQFRUSRUDWHXVHUJHQHUDWHGFRQWHQWLQWRWKHVWRU\SURGXFWLRQ,GUDZ XSRQWKHRUHWLFDOZRUNIURPWKHDUHDVRIWHOHYLVLRQVWXGLHVPHPRU\VWXGLHVQDUUDWRORJ\PHGLD WKHRU\ DQG WHOHYLVLRQ  KLVWRULRJUDSK\ WR ]RRP LQ RQ GLYHUVH DVSHFWV RI UHSUHVHQWLQJ DQG UHSXUSRVLQJWKHSDVWLQHDFKFKDSWHU 7KLVWKHVLVLVIRXQGHGILUVWRQDWH[WXDODQDO\VLVRIWKHUHOHYDQWDXGLRYLVXDOFDVHV 7H[WXDODQDO\VLVFDQKHOSWRUHYHDOWKHSURFHVVRIWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIPHDQLQJE\SURYLGLQJXV ZLWK D IRUP DQG ODQJXDJH WKURXJK ZKLFK WKH SRVVLEOH UHVXOWV RI >«@ PDQLSXODWLRQ FDQ EH DQDO\VHGGLVFXVVHGDQGGHEDWHG +HUH,IROORZ/LVD*LWHOPDQ VDUJXPHQWDWLRQIRUWKHFDVH VWXG\DVSULPDU\PRGHWREHH[DFW 0HGLD>«@DUHYHU\SDUWLFXODUVLWHVIRUYHU\SDUWLFXODU LPSRUWDQWO\VRFLDODVZHOODVKLVWRULFDOO\DQGFXOWXUDOO\VSHFLILFH[SHULHQFHVRIPHDQLQJ)RU WKLVUHDVRQWKHSULPDU\PRGH>«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±DQG VXEVHTXHQWO\WKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQWRPHPRU\±WRWKHVXUIDFH)RULQVWDQFHLQWHUYLHZVFDQPDNH DWHOHYLVLRQFUHDWRU VLPSOLFLWFRQYHQWLRQVDQGVWUDWHJLHVexplicit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ele-Visions: An Introduction to Studying TelevisionHG*OHQ&UHHEHU /RQGRQ%ULWLVK)LOP,QVWLWXWH  /LVD*LWHOPDQAlways Already New: Media, History and the Data of Culture &DPEULGJH0$ 0,73UHVV  0OOHU 0DQXIDFWXULQJ3DUWLFLSDWLRQ  ,QKLVGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHKLVWRU\RIWHOHYLVLRQLQVWLWXWLRQV7RE\0LOOHUKDVDUJXHGUHIHUULQJDOVRWR ZRUNE\/DXUD*ULQGVWDIIDQG-RVHSK7XURZWKDWWHOHYLVLRQUHVHDUFK SD\VKDUGO\DQ\KHHG ZKDWVRHYHUWRWKHIDFWWKDWSHRSOHZRUNWRPDNHWHOHYLVLRQRUWKDWFLWL]HQVZRUNDQGOHDUQZKHQWKH\ ZDWFKLW 7RE\0LOOHU 7HOHYLVLRQ,QVWLWXWLRQV LQTelevision Studies: The BasicsHG7RE\0LOOHU /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH /DXUD*ULQGVWDIIDQG-RVHSK7XURZ 9LGHR&XOWXUHV7HOHYLVLRQ 6RFLRORJ\LQWKH1HZ79$JH Annual Review of SociologyQR   GRLDQQXUHYVRF  7KHFRQFHSWRIFXOWXUH>«@LVHVVHQWLDOO\DVHPLRWLFRQH%HOLHYLQJZLWK0D[:HEHUWKDWPDQLV DQDQLPDOVXVSHQGHGLQZHEVRIVLJQLILFDQFHKHKLPVHOIKDVVSXQ,WDNHFXOWXUHWREHWKRVHZHEVDQG WKHDQDO\VLVRILWWREHWKHUHIRUHQRWDQH[SHULPHQWDOVFLHQFHLQVHDUFKRIODZEXWDQLQWHUSUHWLYHRQHLQ VHDUFKRIPHDQLQJ&OLIIRUG*HHUW]The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays 1HZ

    PDWHULDOVWRWHOODQDUUDWLYHDERXWWKHSDVW±DSUDFWLFHWKDWKDVJURZQFRQVLGHUDEO\VLQFHWKH ZLGHVSUHDGXQORFNLQJRIDUFKLYHVHVSHFLDOO\DXGLRYLVXDODUFKLYHV%HFDXVHWKLVSUDFWLFHLV PRUHFRPPRQIRUWKHSHUPDQHQWORQJUXQQLQJKLVWRU\VHULHVDQGXVXDOO\QRWDGYHUWLVHGDVD VLQJOHDXWKRUHGZRUNFUHDWRUVXVXDOO\GRQRWVWLSXODWHVXFKDSUDFWLFHDVD GRFXPHQWDU\ %RWK IRUPVDUHIDFWXDOWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVWKDWGHDOZLWKWKHSDVWIROORZLQJGRFXPHQWDU\PRGHV RIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQLQFOXGLQJWKHUHXVHRIDUFKLYDOLPDJHVDVDSULPDU\PHDQVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ $UFKLYHEDVHGKLVWRU\DQGGRFXPHQWDU\SURJUDPPHVGLIIHUHQWLDWHWKHPVHOYHVIURPILFWLRQDO SURJUDPPLQJLQREMHFWLYHSXUSRVHDQGW\SHRIDXGLHQFHH[SHFWDWLRQV±HYHQWKRXJKDV,ZLOO GLVFXVVLQFHUWDLQLQVWDQFHVGUDPDVHTXHQFHVRUUHHQDFWPHQWLVXVHGE\SURJUDPPHPDNHUV IRU VSHFLILF SXUSRVHV 7KHVH WH[WV KDYH D NLQVKLS ZLWK ZKDW %LOO 1LFKROV KDV FDOOHG WKH GLVFRXUVHVRIVREULHW\ LQRXUVRFLHW\

>«@WKHZD\VZHKDYHRIVSHDNLQJGLUHFWO\DERXWVRFLDODQGKLVWRULFDOUHDOLW\VXFKDV VFLHQFHHFRQRPLFVPHGLFLQHPLOLWDU\VWUDWHJ\IRUHLJQSROLF\DQGHGXFDWLRQDOSROLF\ >«@/LNHWKHVHRWKHUGLVFRXUVHVGRFXPHQWDU\FODLPVWRDGGUHVVWKHKLVWRULFDOZRUOGDQG WRSRVVHVVWKHFDSDFLW\WRLQWHUYHQHE\VKDSLQJKRZZHUHJDUGLW>«@WKLVJHQUHVWLOO XSKROGVDWUDGLWLRQRIVREULHW\LQLWVGHWHUPLQDWLRQWRPDNHDGLIIHUHQFHLQKRZZHUHJDUG WKH ZRUOG DQG SURFHHG ZLWKLQ LW )RU WKLV UHDVRQ WKH QRWLRQ RI WKH KLVWRU\ OHVVRQ IXQFWLRQVDVDIUHTXHQWFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIGRFXPHQWDU\:HH[SHFWPRUHWKDQDVHULHVRI GRFXPHQWVZHH[SHFWWROHDUQRUEHPRYHGWRGLVFRYHURUEHSHUVXDGHGRISRVVLELOLWLHV WKDWSHUWDLQWRWKHKLVWRULFDOZRUOG 

7KH DQDO\VHG FDVH VWXGLHV SODFH VXFK D KLVWRU\ OHVVRQ DW WKHLU FRUH +RZHYHU VXFK SURJUDPPLQJDVZHVKDOOVHHDOVRVWULYHVWREHPXFKPRUHWKDQDW\SLFDO±DQGXVXDOO\UDWKHU GU\±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x &KDSWHUWKHFDVHRIWKHDUFKLYHEDVHGKLVWRU\SURJUDPPH$1'(5(7,-'(1>&+$1*,1* 7,0(6@ 1361759352± ZLWKDWUHDWPHQWRIKLVWRU\EDVHGRQDFWXDOLW\%\ PHDQVRIWKLVFDVHVWXG\,ZLOOEHDEOHWR]RRPLQRQWKHUROHRIWHOHYLVLRQDVDPHGLDWRU RISDVWDQGKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVZLWKDIRFXVRQKRZWHOHYLVLRQGRHVKLVWRU\DQGZKDWNLQG

 1LFKROVIntroduction to Documentary 6RQMDGH/HHXZ 7HOHYLVLRQ)LFWLRQDQG&XOWXUDO'LYHUVLW\6WUDWHJLHVIRU&XOWXUDO&KDQJH LQ European Film and Media CultureHG/HQQDUG+¡MEMHUJDQG+HQULN6¡QGHUJDDUG &RSHQKDJHQ 0XVHXP7XVFXODQXP3UHVV 6HHDOVR'HQQLV0F4XDLO 7UDQVDWODQWLF79)ORZ$QRWKHU /RRNDW&XOWXUDO&RVW$FFRXQWLQJ LQTrading Culture: GATT, European Cultural Policies and the Transatlantic MarketHG$QQHPRRQYDQ+HPHO+DQV0RPPDDVDQG&DV6PLWKXLMVHQ *$77WKH DUWVDQGFXOWXUDOH[FKDQJHEHWZHHQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVDQG(XURSH$PVWHUGDP%RHNPDQ)RXQGDWLRQ  ±

  

RI KLVWRU\ DUH WHOHYLVLRQ SURIHVVLRQDOV FUHDWLQJ LQ WKH FDVH RI ORQJUXQQLQJ ZHHNO\ KLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJ x &KDSWHU  WKH FDVH RI QDUURZFDVWLQJ DQG FURVVSODWIRUP VFKHGXOLQJ RI SUHYLRXVO\ EURDGFDVW KLVWRU\ DQG QRVWDOJLD SURJUDPPLQJ RQ 'XWFK GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOV VSHFLILFDOO\NPO DocDQGNostalgieNet%\PHDQVRIWKHVHFDVHV,ZLOOEHDEOHWR]RRP LQRQK\EULGLW\±PL[LQJEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQDQGGLJLWDOFXOWXUH±DVZHOODVWKHUROHRI WHOHYLVLRQ SURIHVVLRQDOV DV FXUDWRUV LQ UHVFUHHQLQJ WKH SDVW DQG UHSXUSRVLQJ SDVW WHOHYLVLRQLQUHODWLRQWRFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\ x &KDSWHU  WKH FDVH RI WKH :RUOG :DU ,, GRFXPHQWDU\ SURMHFW '( 225/2* ,1 '( 225/2*>7+(:$5$7:$5@ 136± IRFXVLQJVSHFLILFDOO\RQ+RORFDXVW UHSUHVHQWDWLRQWKURXJKEURDGFDVWLQJDQGPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJ%\PHDQVRIWKLV FDVHVWXG\,ZLOOEHDEOHWR]RRPLQRQWKHUROHRIYLVLEOHHYLGHQFHWHVWLPRQ\DQGUH HQDFWPHQWLQEULQJLQJQRYHOSHUVSHFWLYHVLQUHODWLRQWRRIILFLDOKLVWRU\WRWKHDWWHQWLRQ RIFXUUHQWDXGLHQFHV x &KDSWHU  WKH FDVH RI WKH FURVVPHGLD GRFXPHQWDU\ SURMHFW ,1 (8523$ >,1 (8523(@ 9352±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felt OLNHat that time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

    7KH VWXG\ RI HDFK FDVH ZLOO SD\ DWWHQWLRQ WRWH[WXDO DQG QDUUDWLYHLQVWLWXWLRQDO DQG FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOSHUVSHFWLYHV GLVFXVVHGPRUHH[WHQVLYHO\LQ&KDSWHU3RHWLFVDVD5HVHDUFK 0RGHO )LUVWEHFDXVHKLVWRULHVRQWHOHYLVLRQDUHFRQVWUXFWHG±RUWRDFHUWDLQH[WHQW VWDJHG  ±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±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shouldEHUHPHPEHUHGWKLVVWXG\DVNVZKDWis RUcan EHUHPHPEHUHG  2YHUYLHZ ,QWKHIROORZLQJFKDSWHUV,ILUVWRXWOLQHDPHWKRGRORJ\WRDQDO\VHWKHSRHWLFVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\ RQWHOHYLVLRQVHWWLQJXSDUHVHDUFKPRGHOWRVWXG\GLIIHUHQWFDVHVLQWKHVXFFHHGLQJFKDSWHUV 7KLVPRGHORIDQDO\VLVRIIHUHGLQ&KDSWHULVPDGHPRUHFRQFUHWHE\VWXG\LQJUHVSHFWLYHO\ x KRZVRXUFHVDQGVWRULHVDERXWKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVDUHFROOHFWHGVHOHFWHGUHFRQVWUXFWHG DQGYLVXDOLVHGWKURXJKSDUWLFXODUFULWHULDDQGVWUDWHJLHVLQWKHFDVHRIWKHSHUPDQHQW ORQJUXQQLQJKLVWRU\VHULHV &KDSWHU  x WKHUROHRIWHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVDVFXUDWRUVDQGWKHPHDQLQJRIFXUDWHGFRQQHFWLRQV LQWKHQDUURZFDVWLQJDQGFURVVSODWIRUPVFKHGXOLQJRISUHYLRXVO\EURDGFDVWKLVWRU\DQG QRVWDOJLDSURJUDPPLQJRQGLIIHUHQW'XWFKGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOV &KDSWHU  x KRZ D VSHFLILF VHOHFWLRQ RI VWUDWHJLHV UHSUHVHQWV WKH +RORFDXVW LQ PXOWLSODWIRUP WHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDULHVIRUGLIIHUHQWWDUJHWJURXSV &KDSWHU  x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

 0DFGRQDOG 3HUIRUPLQJ0HPRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQ ± .DWKOHHQ(SS 7HOOLQJ6WRULHVDURXQGWKH(OHFWURQLF&DPSILUH7KH8VHRI$UFKLYHVLQ7HOHYLVLRQ 3URGXFWLRQV Archivaria  ±

  

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±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uropeanaHQDEOHVSHRSOHWRH[SORUHWKHGLJLWDOUHVRXUFHVRI(XURSH VPXVHXPVOLEUDULHVDUFKLYHV DQGDXGLRYLVXDOFROOHFWLRQV (XURSHDQD+RPHSDJH DFFHVVHG-XQH KWWSZZZHXURSHDQDHXSRUWDOEUscreenRIIHUVIUHHRQOLQHDFFHVVWRYLGHRVVWLOOVWH[WVDQGDXGLR IURP(XURSHDQEURDGFDVWHUVDQGDXGLRYLVXDODUFKLYHV (8VFUHHQ+RPHSDJH DFFHVVHG-XQH KWWSZZZHXVFUHHQHX 3KLOLS07D\ORU 7HOHYLVLRQ7KH)LUVW)ODZHG5RXJK'UDIWVRI+LVWRU\ LQTelevision Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media AgeHG*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU&5ROOLQV /H[LQJWRQ .<8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRI.HQWXFN\ ± (SS 7HOOLQJ6WRULHVDURXQGWKH(OHFWURQLF&DPSILUH  ,ELG

    FKDOOHQJHWRWKHFRQWLQXHGSUHVHQFHRIVXFKUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVRIKLVWRU\+RZHYHUVXFKG\QDPLFV XOWLPDWHO\UHDIILUPWKHFRQWLQXHGUHOHYDQFHRIWKHVHWHOHYLVLRQIRUPVLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUD DQGZK\WKH\VKRXOGQRWEHIRUJRWWHQ

  

  3RHWLFVDVD5HVHDUFK0RGHO

RFXPHQWDU\ DQG DUFKLYHEDVHG WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPHV LQYROYH VWUDWHJLHV RI KRZ WHOHYLVLRQ GRHV KLVWRU\ LQ WKH PXOWLSODWIRUP HUD )URP FRQYH\LQJ RUDO DQG YLVXDO 'WHVWLPRQLHVRIWKHSDVW±LQFOXGLQJWHOHYLVLRQ VRZQSDVW±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±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

 )RUDGLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQ VHULRXV DQG QRQVHULRXV WH[WVVHH-RKQ56HDUOH 7KH/RJLFDO6WDWXVRI )LFWLRQDO'LVFRXUVH New Literary HistoryQR  ± 5LFKDUG:.LOERUQDQG-RKQ,]RGAn Introduction to Television Documentary: Confronting Reality 0DQFKHVWHU0DQFKHVWHU8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 

    VWUDWHJLHVRIVWRU\WHOOLQJZLWKLQFODVVLFDO+ROO\ZRRGFLQHPDDQGWKHSULQFLSOHVXQGHUO\LQJWKLV WUDGLWLRQ%RUGZHOOKDVVXEVHTXHQWO\SURYLGHGDIUXLWIXOGHILQLWLRQRIWKHFRQFHSWRISRHWLFV

Poetics GHULYHV IURP WKH *UHHN ZRUG poiesisRU DFWLYH PDNLQJ 7KHSRHWLFV RI DQ\ DUWLVWLFPHGLXPVWXGLHVWKHILQLVKHGZRUNDVWKHUHVXOWRIDSURFHVVRIFRQVWUXFWLRQ±D SURFHVV WKDW LQFOXGHV D FUDIW FRPSRQHQW VXFK DV UXOHV RI WKXPE  WKH PRUH JHQHUDO SULQFLSOHVDFFRUGLQJWRZKLFKWKHZRUNLVFRPSRVHGDQGLWVIXQFWLRQVHIIHFWVDQGXVHV $Q\LQTXLU\LQWRWKHIXQGDPHQWDOSULQFLSOHVE\ZKLFKDUWLIDFWVLQDQ\UHSUHVHQWDWLRQDO PHGLXPDUHconstructedDQGWKHHIIHFWVWKDWIORZIURPWKRVHSULQFLSOHVFDQIDOOZLWKLQ WKHGRPDLQRISRHWLFV  P\HPSKDVLV 

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how does this work? 7KLVWKHVLVLVXQGHUSLQQHGE\DWH[WXDODQDO\VLVRIUHOHYDQWDXGLRYLVXDOFDVHVDQGD SURGXFWLRQVWXGLHVDSSURDFKWKURXJKVHPLVWUXFWXUHGLQWHUYLHZVDQGWKHDQDO\VLVRILQWHUQDO GRFXPHQWV,QWKLVVWXG\SURGXFWLRQVWXGLHVDVDQDSSURDFKSULPDULO\IRFXVVHVRQWKHSRHWLFV GHFLVLRQPDNLQJSURFHVVHVPRWLYDWLRQVDQGKRXVHVW\OHVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\±LQFRQWUDVWWRIRU LQVWDQFHWKHFRQWH[WVRI-RKQ7KRUQWRQ&DOGZHOO VUHVHDUFKLQWRSURGXFWLRQVWXGLHV7KLVIRFXV RQWKHIRUPVDQGFRQYHQWLRQVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\RQDPLFUROHYHOZLOOXOWLPDWHO\KHOSWRJDLQ LQVLJKWLQWRWKHFRQWULEXWLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQFUHDWRUVWRFXOWXUDOPHPRU\7KHLQFRUSRUDWLRQRI RWKHUPHGLDKDVEHFRPHDGLVWLQFWLYHIHDWXUHRIWHOHYLVLRQLQWKHQHZPLOOHQQLXP VHH&KDSWHU  ,QWURGXFWLRQ  DQG WKHUHIRUH D WH[WXDO DQDO\VLV HQWDLOV WKH VWXG\ RI GLIIHUHQW PHGLD )RU H[DPSOHDFURVVPHGLDGRFXPHQWDU\SURMHFWRUSODWIRUPGHYHORSHGE\SXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUVZLOO KDYHWHOHYLVLRQDWLWVFRUHEXWDOVRLQFRUSRUDWHVPHGLDOLNHUDGLRZHEVLWHVVRFLDOPHGLDDSSV DQGVRRQ)RUWKLVUHDVRQPHWKRGRORJLFDOZRUNRQWH[WXDODQDO\VLVDQGWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI UHDOLW\ IRUPV DQ LPSRUWDQW VWDUWLQJ SRLQW EXW LV QHFHVVDULO\ VXSSOHPHQWHG E\ PRUH  'DYLG%RUGZHOODUJXHVWKDW $ILOP VGLVWLQFWLYHQHVVFRXOGLQODUJHSDUWEHVDLGWROLHLQLWV WUDQVIRUPDWLRQVRIVFKHPDVDYDLODEOHWRERWKILOPPDNHUVDQGILOPYLHZHUV$QGWKHUHVHDUFKHUFRXOG EULQJWKRVHSDWWHUQVRXWDQGVHHNFDXVHVZLWKLQWKHILOPPDNLQJFRPPXQLW\IRUWKLVZKROHG\QDPLF  ,Q'DYLG%RUGZHOO-DQHW6WDLJHUDQG.ULVWLQ7KRPSVRQ 7KH&ODVVLFDO+ROO\ZRRG&LQHPD7ZHQW\ )LYH

  

FRQWHPSRUDU\ VWXGLHV LQ WKH ILHOGV RI SURGXFWLRQ VWXGLHV PHGLD LQGXVWU\ VWXGLHV KLVWRULFDO DQDO\VLVDQGWKHVWXG\RIPXOWLSODWIRUPVWUDWHJLHVLQEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQ0HGLDWH[WVFDQQRW EHVWXGLHGLQLVRODWLRQ'LVWLQFWTXDOLWLHVRIPHGLDWH[WVWKHLUPHGLXPVSHFLILFLW\ZLOODOVREH WDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW %RUGZHOO VSRHWLFVKDVSURYHQWREHXVHIXODVDQLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\IUDPHZRUNDSSOLHGWR WKHVWXG\RIGLIIHUHQWPHGLD)RULQVWDQFHWKHDXWKRUVLQWKHHGLWHGYROXPHStorytelling in the Media Convergence Age: Exploring Screen NarrativesDSSO\WKHDSSURDFKRIKLVWRULFDO SRHWLFVWRVWRU\WHOOLQJLQWKHPHGLDFRQYHUJHQFHDJH WKURXJKLWVOLQNLQJRIVFUHHQQDUUDWLYHVWR WKHLU QDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQDO DQG WHFKQRORJLFDO FRQWH[WV RI SURGXFWLRQ FLUFXODWLRQ DQG FRQVXPSWLRQ  $V (PUH dD÷OD\DQ KDV REVHUYHG ZKLOVW WKH HGLWRUV GR QRW FRPPHQW RQ %RUGZHOO V GHILQLWLRQ WKH\ >«@ HQYLVLRQ KLVWRULFDO SRHWLFV QRW VLPSO\ DV D PHWKRGRORJ\ FKDUDFWHULVWLFRIILOPDQGPHGLDVWXGLHVEXWPRUHDVDQLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\IUDPHZRUNWKDWFDQEH DSSOLHG WR RWKHU PHGLD  dD÷OD\DQ KDV FRPPHQWHG RQ WKH XVDELOLW\ RI SRHWLFV DV DQ LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\UHVHDUFKIUDPHZRUNLQStorytelling in the Media Convergence Age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omplex TV: The Poetics of Contemporary Television Storytelling 0LWWHOO XVHV SRHWLFV WR FRPSUHKHQG KRZ WHOHYLVLRQ IXQFWLRQV DV D SUDFWLFH RI ILFWLRQDO  VWRU\WHOOLQJ UDWKHU WKDQ IRFXVLQJ RQ WKH VRFLDO DQG FXOWXUDO LPSDFW LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RU PHDQLQJ RI WKH VWRULHV WKDW

 *OHQ&UHHEHU &DVH6WXG\6KRWE\6KRW$QDO\VLV LQTele-Visions: An Introduction to Studying TelevisionHG*OHQ&UHHEHU /RQGRQ%ULWLVK)LOP,QVWLWXWH ±%LOO1LFKROVIntroduction to Documentary %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  &UDLJ$OOHQ 7HOHYLVLRQ%URDGFDVW5HFRUGV LQMethods of Historical Analysis in Electronic Media HG'RQDOG**RGIUH\ 0DKZDK1-/DZUHQFH(UOEDXP$VVRFLDWHV ±-RKQ7&DOGZHOO &XOWXUHVRI3URGXFWLRQ6WXG\LQJ,QGXVWU\ V'HHS7H[WV5HIOH[LYH5LWXDOVDQG0DQDJHG6HOI 'LVFORVXUHV LQMedia Industries: History, Theory, and MethodHG-HQQLIHU+ROWDQG$OLVD3HUUHQ 0DOGHQ0$:LOH\%ODFNZHOO ±.HLWK%HDWWLHDocumentary Screens: Non-Fiction Film and Television 1HZ

    WHOHYLVLRQWHOOV5RJHU6LOYHUVWRQHKDVSDUWLFXODUO\DGGUHVVHGWKHQHFHVVLW\RISRHWLFVDVDQ LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\IUDPHZRUNZKHQVWXG\LQJWHOHYLVLRQWH[WVLQFXOWXUHDQGVRFLHW\

7KHUHLV>«@D\DZQLQJJDSEHWZHHQWKHH[SUHVVLRQRIWKHJHQHUDOLWLHVRIFXOWXUHDQG WKHVSHFLILFDQDO\VLVRIDJURXSRIWHOHYLVLRQWH[WVEXWLWLVWKLVJDSZKLFKDSRHWLFVRI WHOHYLVLRQVKRXOGDLPWREULGJH 

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«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

 -DVRQ0LWWHOOComplex TV: The Poetics of Contemporary Television Storytelling 1HZ

  

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± ZKHWKHU IDFWXDO RU ILFWLRQDO ±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inema 6SULQJ  KWWSZZZNLQHPDXZDWHUORRFDDUWLFOHSKS"LG  IHDWXUH $QQHWWH.XKQAn Everyday Magic: Cinema and Cultural Memory /RQGRQ,%7DXULV  0DFGRQDOG 3HUIRUPLQJ0HPRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQ 

    :KLOH.XKQ VHWKQRKLVWRULFDODSSURDFKWRFXOWXUDOPHPRU\DQGPHGLDH[SHULHQFHIXQFWLRQVDV D XVHIXO JHQHUDO VWDUWLQJ SRLQW GLIIHUHQW FRQGLWLRQV WKDQ WKH RQHV RXWOLQHG E\ .XKQ DUH UHVSRQVLEOHIRUVKDSLQJWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRI PHPRU\ZRUN ZLWKLQWHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDULHVDV 0DFGRQDOGH[SOLFDWHV

7HOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDU\XQOLNHPDLQVWUHDPILOPSXUSRUWVWREULQJXVWKHWHVWLPRQ\RI WKRVH FDSDEOH RI UHPHPEHULQJ HDUOLHU HUDV EXW VHWV WKLV ZLWKLQDIUDPHZRUNRI FRPPHQWDU\DQGDUFKLYHIRRWDJH>«@)URPWKHSURFHVVRIVHOHFWLQJSDUWLFLSDQWVWRWKH HVWDEOLVKPHQWRIORFDWLRQFKRLFHRILQWHUYLHZPHWKRGILOPLQJDQGHGLWLQJFRQYHQWLRQV PHPRULHVRQWHOHYLVLRQDUHVWDJHGZLWKLQSDUWLFXODUSDUDPHWHUV 

, SD\ SDUWLFXODU DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH GLIIHUHQW PHDQV RI UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ WKDW DUH DYDLODEOH WR DQG VHOHFWHGE\WKHDXWKRUVRIWKHWH[W±YDU\LQJLQVKRUWIURPHGLWLQJWKHUHFRUGLQJDQGRUDGGLQJ RI VRXQG WKH DUUDQJHPHQW RI VKRWV WR WKH XVH RI DGGLWLRQDO IRRWDJH ±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x :KDWDUHWKHPDWHULDOV WKHPHVVXEMHFWPDWWHUVQDUUDWLYHIRUPVDXGLRYLVXDOVW\OHV  DQGIRUPV RUJDQLVLQJSULQFLSOHV RIGRLQJKLVWRU\RQWHOHYLVLRQLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUP HUD" x +RZDUHPHDQVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQXWLOLVHGWRHOLFLWFHUWDLQHIIHFWV":KLFKVWUDWHJLHVIRU FRQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQ RI WKH QDUUDWLYH DUH XVHG" :KLFK VWUDWHJLHV IRU SODXVLELOLW\ DUH GHSOR\HGWRPDVNWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHWH[W"

 0\UD0DFGRQDOG 3HUIRUPLQJ0HPRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQ'RFXPHQWDU\DQGWKHV ScreenQR   ±GRLVFUHHQKMO± %HUEHU+DJHGRRUQ /RRN:KDW,)RXQG 5H FURVVLQJ%RXQGDULHV%HWZHHQ3XEOLF3ULYDWH +LVWRU\DQG%LRJUDSK\$XWRELRJUDSK\LQ3pWHU)RUJiFV 7KH0DHOVWURP Studies in Documentary FilmQR  ±GRLVGIVHHDOVR+DJHGRRUQ 6KDUHG7H[WXDO $XWKRULW\LQWKH)RXQG)RRWDJH'RFXPHQWDU\  1LFKROVIntroduction to Documentary +DJHGRRUQ /RRN:KDW,)RXQG  0DFGRQDOG 3HUIRUPLQJ0HPRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQ 

  

x :KDWDUHWKHFRQYHQWLRQVRIWKHVWRU\WHOOLQJIRUPDWV":KDWDUHUHJXODULWLHVRUUHSHWLWLRQ RIWHFKQLTXHV" x +RZGRHVWHOHYLVLRQDQGKRZGRWHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVWXUQWKHVHPDWHULDOVLQWRD VSHFLILFH[SHULHQFHIRUWKHWHOHYLVLRQYLHZHUXVHU" x +RZLVWKHWHOHYLVLRQYLHZHUXVHUHQJDJHGRUWKHLUDWWHQWLRQGLUHFWHGE\WKHDXWKRUVRI WKHWH[W" 6HFRQGWKLVVWXG\SD\VDWWHQWLRQWRKRZUHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVLQWKHPHGLDODQGVFDSH KDYHDQLPSDFWRQWHOHYLVLRQDVDPHPRU\SUDFWLFHRQDQLQVWLWXWLRQDO OHYHO , FRQVLGHU WKH FUXFLDO UROH SOD\HG E\ WHOHYLVLRQ PDNHUV ± DV LQGXVWULDO DFWRUV ±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±IRULQVWDQFHGRFXPHQWDWLRQRIFRQWHQWUHVHDUFKGLUHFWRU VSRLQWHUVRU QRWHV ± DUH YDOXDEOH NQRZOHGJH GRFXPHQWV DV WKHVH KDYH EHHQ SURGXFHG LQ D VSHFLILF KLVWRULFDO FRQWH[WGXULQJWKHRULJLQDOSURGXFWLRQSURFHVV7HOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVDUHRIWHQ FRRSHUDWLYHDQGZLOOLQJWREHLQWHUYLHZHGE\UHVHDUFKHUVFRQFHUQLQJWKHLUH[SHULHQFHVZLWK WHOHYLVLRQSURGXFWLRQ+RZHYHUWKH\DUHQRWDOZD\VVXUHZKLFKDVSHFWVRIWKHLUZRUNSURFHVV

 $QWRQ.DHV +LVWRU\DQG)LOP3XEOLF0HPRU\LQWKH$JHRI(OHFWURQLF'LVVHPLQDWLRQ History & MemoryQR   -RDQ06FKZDUW]DQG7HUU\&RRN $UFKLYHV5HFRUGVDQG3RZHU7KH0DNLQJRI0RGHUQ 0HPRU\ Archival ScienceQR  GRL%) 0DFGRQDOG 3HUIRUPLQJ0HPRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQ  &UDLJ$OOHQ 7HOHYLVLRQ%URDGFDVW5HFRUGV LQMethods of Historical Analysis in Electronic Media HG'RQDOG**RGIUH\ 0DKZDK1-/DZUHQFH(UOEDXP$VVRFLDWHV 

    RUZKLFKZULWWHQGRFXPHQWVDUHUHOHYDQWRULQWHUHVWLQJWRSUHVHUYH5HVHDUFKLQWRWKHSRHWLFVRI GRLQJKLVWRU\FDQSOD\DQLPSRUWDQWUROHKHUH 6XEVHTXHQWO\JXLGLQJTXHVWLRQVRQWKHLQVWLWXWLRQDOOHYHORIGRLQJKLVWRU\RQWHOHYLVLRQ LQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPODQGVFDSHDUHWKHIROORZLQJ x :KLFK FRQYHQWLRQV IRUPDWV VSHFLILF KRXVH VW\OHV XQFRQVFLRXV UXOHV RI WKXPE  DUH WKHVHGHFLVLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHVHOHFWLRQRIQDUUDWLYHVRIWKHSDVWEDVHGRQ" x :KDWDUHWKHQRUPVDQGSUDFWLFHVLPSLQJLQJRQWKHSULQFLSOHVLQIRUPLQJWKHVHWH[WV" x +RZGRWHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVDVLQGXVWULDODFWRUVZRUNZLWKLQ]RQHVRIFRQWURODQG FKRLFHZLWKLQSDUWLFXODUFLUFXPVWDQFHV" 7KLUG , TXHVWLRQ ZKDW WKH FRQVHTXHQFHV DUH RI WKH UHFRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH SDVW RQ WHOHYLVLRQLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUDRQDFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOOHYHO7KLVVWXG\DQDO\VHVZKDWNLQG RI WHDFKHU RIKLVWRU\WHOHYLVLRQLVFRQVLGHULQJWKHPHGLXP VFRQVLGHUDEOHUROHLQWKHH[SRVXUH RI'XWFKWHOHYLVLRQXVHUVWRKLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHVDQGWKHLUUHPHPEUDQFHRIKLVWRULFDOHYHQWV 5DWKHUWKDQDVNLQJZKDWshouldEHUHPHPEHUHGWKLVVWXG\DVNVZKDWis RUcan EHUHPHPEHUHG 7KLVWKHVLVXVHVWKHVHFDVHVWRH[SORUHWKHQHZG\QDPLFZD\VLQZKLFKFXOWXUDOPHPRU\LV FUHDWHG ZLWKLQ WKH FURVVPHGLD ODQGVFDSH $FFRUGLQJ WR $QGUHZ +RVNLQV WKH GLVWLQFWLRQV EHWZHHQ ZKDW ZDV RQFH SRSXODU PHPRU\ DQG RIILFLDO KLVWRU\ KDYH FROODSVHG WKURXJK WHOHYLVLRQ7KHLQFUHDVHGXVHRIUHSXUSRVHGLPDJHVRQWHOHYLVLRQSOD\VDFUXFLDOUROHKHUHLQ EOXUULQJWKHERXQGDULHVEHWZHHQKLVWRU\DQGPHPRU\E\UHSUHVHQWLQJWKHSDVW*DU\(GJHUWRQ ±ZKRKDVLGHQWLILHGVHYHQNH\FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWHOHYLVLRQ VUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKKLVWRU\LQKLV FROOHFWLRQRQWHOHYLVLRQ VIDFWXDODQGILFWLRQDOWUHDWPHQWRIKLVWRU\±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rchivaria   $QGUHZ+RVNLQV 7HOHYLVLRQDQGWKH&ROODSVHRI0HPRU\ Time & SocietyQR  ±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elevision Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media AgeHG*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU&5ROOLQV /H[LQJWRQ.< 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRI.HQWXFN\ ±6HHDOVR-RVHSK-(OOLVAmerican Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson 1HZ

  

LQFUHDVLQJO\PHGLDWHGWKURXJKWHOHYLVLRQ7KHUHIRUHLWLVQRWRQO\LPSRUWDQWWRDVNKRZKLVWRU\ LVUHFRQVWUXFWHGLQWKHWHOHYLVXDOODQGVFDSHEXWDOVRZKDWFRQVHTXHQFHVWKLVKDVIRUWHOHYLVLRQ DV D WHDFKHU RI KLVWRU\ DQG WHOHYLVLRQ DV DQ H[SHULHQFH RI KLVWRU\ ± UHJDUGLQJ QDWLRQDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO KLVWRU\ DQG WHOHYLVLRQ V RZQ KLVWRU\ DV D PHGLXP :KDW NLQGV RI KLVWRULFDO QDUUDWLYHVDUHFRQVWUXFWHGDQGZKDWNLQGRIWHDFKHURIKLVWRU\LVWHOHYLVLRQYLDLWV UHVFUHHQLQJ  RI UHIHUHQFHV WR WKH SDVW FRQVLGHULQJ LWV ODUJH LPSDFW RQ WKH KLVWRULFDO NQRZOHGJH DQG UHPHPEUDQFHRIWHOHYLVLRQXVHUV"7KLVOLQHRILQYHVWLJDWLRQFRUUHVSRQGVZLWKPHPRU\VWXGLHV  SULPDU\FRQFHUQZLWKhow DQGwhyDUHPHPEHUHGYHUVLRQLVEHLQJFRQVWUXFWHGDWDSDUWLFXODU WLPHUDWKHUWKDQZKHWKHUDVSHFLILFUHQGLWLRQRIWKHSDVWLVKLVWRULFDOO\FRUUHFW 6XEVHTXHQWO\ JXLGLQJ TXHVWLRQV RQ WKH FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDO OHYHO RI GRLQJ KLVWRU\ RQ WHOHYLVLRQLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPODQGVFDSHDUHWKHIROORZLQJ x +RZKDYHWKHSULQFLSOHVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\RQWHOHYLVLRQLQIRUPHGWKHWHOHYLVLRQWH[WDQG LWVFRQQHFWHGPXOWLPHGLDWH[WVLQSDUWLFXODUKLVWRULFDOFLUFXPVWDQFHV" x +RZGRHVWKLVWH[WILWLQWRDWUDGLWLRQDQGKRZGRHVWKLVZRUNUHSXUSRVHRUUHMHFWWKLV" x :KLFKRUZKDWNLQGRIQDUUDWLYHVRIWKHSDVWDUHVHOHFWHGIRUWHOHYLVLRQ" 'LIIHUHQW FRQVLGHUDWLRQV E\ FUHDWRUV FRPSHWH DQG ZRUN WRJHWKHU DW DOO VWDJHV RI WKH SURGXFWLRQSURFHVVDV'DYLG/XGYLJVVRQ VVWXG\RQWKHXVHRIKLVWRU\LQ6ZHGLVKKLVWRULFDO GRFXPHQWDU\ ILOPV KDV PDGH HYLGHQW :KDW LV PRUH /XGYLJVVRQ VKRZV KRZ VXFK FRQVLGHUDWLRQVKDYHDSDUWLFXODULQIOXHQFHDWGLIIHUHQWVWDJHVRISUHSURGXFWLRQSURGXFWLRQDQG SRVWSURGXFWLRQ±KHQFH WKH\DUHPRUHRUOHVVLPSRUWDQWGHSHQGLQJRQZKHUHLQWKHSURFHVV WKHSURGXFHUSXWV>«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±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

 (GJHUWRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ  'DYLG/XGYLJVVRQ 7KH+LVWRULDQ)LOPPDNHU V'LOHPPD+LVWRULFDO'RFXPHQWDULHVLQ6ZHGHQLQ WKH(UDRI+lJHUDQG9LOOLXV  3K'8SSVDOD8QLYHUVLWHW  6RXUFHV1751HGHUODQGVH3XEOLHNH2PURHS3XEOLHNVRQGHU]RHN9352$QDO\VH 5HVHDUFK

    ZKLFKIRUPVGHYLFHVDQGVWUDWHJLHVWKHWHOHYLVLRQWH[WPDNHVLWVHOISODXVLEOHDQGPDVNVLWV QDWXUHDVDFRQVWUXFWLRQ±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

  

  7KH3RHWLFVRI'RLQJ+LVWRU\RQ %URDGFDVW7HOHYLVLRQAndere Tijden

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±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arieties of Cultural History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omepageDFFHVVHG-XQHKWWSZZZYSURQORYHUGHYSURPLVVLHKWPO ,Q'XWFKDFWXHHOKLVWRULVFKPDJD]LQH 136-DDUYHUVODJ  +LOYHUVXP136  $OWKRXJKVRPHHDUO\EURDGFDVWVGLVFXVVPRUHWKDQRQHVXEMHFWSHUHSLVRGHIRULQVWDQFHWKHILUVW HSLVRGH 0DUFK ZKLFKIRFXVHGRQWKH ULEERQDIIDLU FRQFHUQLQJ$53IURQWPDQ $EUDKDP.X\SHUDVZHOODVWKHYLROHQWFOHDUDQFHRIVTXDWVLQ$PVWHUGDPRQ0DUFK

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±RQZDUGVWKHWHOHYLVLRQPDNHUV VWLSXODWHGDQDFFRPSDQ\LQJZHEVLWHDVDFRQGLWLRQZLWKWKHSURJUDPPH)XUWKHUPRUHIURP 6SULQJRQZDUGVDVSRUWVKLVWRU\YHUVLRQLVSURGXFHGE\126DQG9352WLWOHG$1'(5( 7,-'(163257>&+$1*,1*7,0(663257@ 1361269352±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an anchor pointLQWKHH[SHULHQFHRIcultural identity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± LQ Een eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGV%HUW +RJHQNDPS6RQMDGH/HHXZDQG+XXE:LMIMHV +LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG  6RQMDGH/HHXZTelevisiedrama: podium voor identiteit. Een onderzoek naar de relatie tussen omroepidentiteit en Nederlands televisiedrama, 1969–1988 $PVWHUGDP2WWR&UDPZLQFNHO  :LMIMHVDQG+RJHQNDPS 'HGDJHUDDGYDQGHHHXZYDQEHHOGHQJHOXLG 6RQMDGH/HHXZ 9DQ WRYHUVSLHJHOWRWGURRPIDEULHN1HGHUODQGVWHOHYLVLHGUDPD LQOmroep in Nederland: vijfenzeventig jaar medium en maatschappij, 1919–1994HGV+XXE:LMIMHVDQG(ULF6PXOGHUV =ZROOH:DDQGHUV  ±+XXE:LMIMHVHallo hier Hilversum: driekwart eeuw radio en televisie :HHVS )LEXOD9DQ'LVKRHFN 

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verzuild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

 +XXE:LMIMHV 9HHONOHXULJHUDGLRJHPHHQVFKDSSHQ± LQEen eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGV%HUW+RJHQNDPS6RQMDGH/HHXZDQG +XXE:LMIMHV +LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG ± 2QQR6LQNH 2QGHUOLQJVWULMGHQGYRRUGHJRHGH]DDN5DGLR2UDQMHHQ'H%UDQGDULV Tijdschrift voor mediageschiedenisQR  ±:LMIMHV 9HHONOHXULJHUDGLRJHPHHQVFKDSSHQ ± :LMIMHV 9HHONOHXULJHUDGLRJHPHHQVFKDSSHQ  $QGUHDV)LFNHUV 2S]RHNQDDUWHOHYLVLH± LQEen eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGV%HUW+RJHQNDPS6RQMDGH/HHXZDQG +XXE:LMIMHV +LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG  ,ELG± 6RQMDGH/HHXZ 7HOHYLVLHYHUELQGWHQYHUGHHOW± LQEen eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGV%HUW+RJHQNDPS6RQMDGH/HHXZDQG +XXE:LMIMHV +LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG 

  

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p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± ODWHU 132 >'XWFK 3XEOLF %URDGFDVWLQJ@ ±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

 ,ELG ,ELG  %HHOGHQ*HOXLG:LNL DFFHVVHG-XQHKWWSZZZEHHOGHQJHOXLGZLNLQO 6RQMDGH/HHXZ 7HOHYLVLHHQDFWLHISXEOLHN± LQEen eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGV%HUW+RJHQNDPS6RQMDGH/HHXZDQG +XXE:LMIMHV +LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG ±  %HHOGHQ*HOXLG:LNL  (JJR0OOHU 7HOHYLVLHLQHHQFRQYHUJHUHQGPHGLDODQGVFKDS± LQEen eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGV%HUW+RJHQNDPS6RQMDGH /HHXZDQG+XXE:LMIMHV +LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG 

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±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eschiedenis>NPO History@ SUHYLRXVO\   %HHOGHQ*HOXLG:LNL  $QGUp1XFKHOPDQV 3XEOLHNHRPURHSHQHQGLJLWDOHSODWIRUPHQ(HQEOLNRSKHWYHUOHGHQHQRSGH WRHNRPVW BoekmanQR   '$.RUWHZHJDQG3%+XJHQKROW] 'LJLWDOLVHULQJYDQDXGLRYLVXHHOPDWHULDDOGRRU HUIJRHGLQVWHOOLQJHQ0RGHOOHQYRRUOLFHQWLHVHQYHUJRHGLQJHQ  $PVWHUGDP,QVWLWXXWYRRU ,QIRUPDWLHUHFKW8QLYHUVLWHLWYDQ$PVWHUGDP   0HHUMDUHQEHJURWLQJ1HGHUODQGVH3XEOLHNH2PURHS±  +LOYHUVXP132   +HWSXEOLHNYRRURS&RQFHVVLHEHOHLGVSODQ±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±)HEUXDU\HSLVRGHV DERXW PHPRUDEOHVSRUWVNDWLQJPHQDQGZRPHQLVSURGXFHGLQUHIHUHQFHWRWKH2O\PSLF:LQWHU*DPHVLQ 9DQFRXYHU&DQDGD7KHIRXUWKVHDVRQ -XQH±-XO\HSLVRGHV IRFXVHVRQSUHYLRXV SHUIRUPDQFHVRIWKH'XWFKIRRWEDOOWHDPLQWKH:RUOG&KDPSLRQVKLSWRXUQDPHQWLQUHIHUHQFHWRWKH XSFRPLQJ:RUOG&KDPSLRQVKLSIRRWEDOOWRXUQDPHQWLQ6RXWK$IULFD7KHILIWKVHDVRQ  HSLVRGHV DJDLQIRFXVHVRQ'XWFKVNDWLQJFKDPSLRQV

  

Geschiedenis24 DQG Geschiedenis TV RIWHQ IHDWXULQJ DGGLWLRQDO DUFKLYDO PDWHULDOV QRW LQFRUSRUDWHGLQWKHRULJLQDOSURJUDPPH7RJHWKHUZLWKWKHKLVWRULFDOUDGLRSURJUDPPH 297 >6,03/(3$677(16(@ 9352±  $1'(5(7,-'(1SURYLGHVWKHPDLQIRXQGDWLRQIRUWKH NPO GeschiedenisZHEVLWH SUHYLRXVO\Geschiedenis24 DQGGeschiedenis DQGLWVPXOWLPHGLD OLEUDU\$1'(5(7,-'(163257DOVRSURYLGHVDQRQOLQHZHEVLWHDQGSURJUDPPHDUFKLYH(GLWRUV LQFKLHI$GYDQ/LHPSWDQG&DUOD%RRVKDYHHGLWHGDVHULHVRIERRNVEDVHGRQVWRULHVIHDWXUHG LQ $1'(5( 7,-'(1 DQG RQ WKH $1'(5( 7,-'(1 ZHEVLWH )URP )HEUXDU\  RQZDUGV WKH KLVWRULFDO PDJD]LQH Historisch Nieuwsblad >Historical Newspaper@ SXEOLVKHV D IHDWXUH FRLQFLGLQJZLWKWKHEURDGFDVWHSLVRGHV$1'(5(7,-'(1KDVUHFHLYHGVHYHUDODZDUGVDQGSUL]HV IRU WKH SURJUDPPH V YLVXDOLVDWLRQ RI DQG UHVHDUFK LQWR KLVWRULFDO QDUUDWLYHV LQFOXGLQJ WKH SUHVWLJLRXV=LOYHUHQ1LSNRZVFKLMI ,QLWVVHFRQG\HDURIEURDGFDVWLQJ$1'(5(7,-'(1UHDFKHVLWVKLJKHVWYLHZLQJILJXUHRI  YLHZHUV ,Q  WKH VHYHQW\ PLQXWH $1'(5( 7,-'(1 63(&,$/ >&+$1*,1* 7,0(6 63(&,$/@ 1361759352± D\HDUO\EURDGFDVWXVXDOO\QRWLQFOXGLQJLQWHUYLHZVRU H[SRVLWRU\FRPPHQWDU\EXWVROHO\FRQVLVWLQJRI'XWFKDUFKLYDOPDWHULDOVLVZDWFKHGE\RYHU DPLOOLRQYLHZHUV YLHZHUV ZLWKDQDSSUHFLDWLRQILJXUHRI%HWZHHQDQG WKHSURJUDPPHFRQWLQXHVWRUHFHLYHVWHDG\UDWLQJV ZLWKWRSZDWFKHGHSLVRGHVUHDFKLQJ EHWZHHQ ± YLHZHUV  DQG KLJK DSSUHFLDWLRQ ILJXUHV IURPYLHZHUV YDU\LQJ EHWZHHQDQG 7KH$1'(5(7,-'(163257VHULHVGUDZVLQHYHQPRUHYLHZHUV WKURXJKRXWWKH\HDUVZLWKUDWLQJVDYHUDJLQJEHWZHHQDQG7RSODFHWKLVLQ SHUVSHFWLYH LQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV WKHUH DUH DERXW  PLOOLRQ WHOHYLVLRQ FRQQHFWLRQV ZLWK RQ DYHUDJHWHOHYLVLRQVSHUFRQQHFWLRQ7KHHSLVRGHDERXW+LOEHUWYDQGHU'XLP +,/%(57 9$1 '(5 '8,0 0((5 '$1 ((1 &/2:1>+,/%(57 9$1 '(5 '8,0 $ &2/285)8/ 6.$7(5@  7KHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHO Geschiedenis24PHUJHGZLWKWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOVEURDGFDVWLQJVFLHQWLILF DQGVRFLDOSURJUDPPHVRQNPO Doc SUHYLRXVO\Holland Doc LQDVDUHVXOWRIHFRQRP\ PHDVXUHV6HH *HVFKLHGHQLVZHWHQVFKDSHQVDPHQOHYLQJRSppQWKHPDNDQDDO3XEOLHNH2PURHS YHUPLQGHUWDDQWDONDQDOHQ NPO Geschiedenis Homepage$XJXVW KWWSZZZQSRJHVFKLHGHQLVQOQLHXZVDXJXVWXV*HVFKLHGHQLVHQGHWKHPDNDQDOHQKWPO ,QDGGLWLRQLQ6HSWHPEHUDKRXUORQJ'9'ER[ZLWKVHOHFWHGHSLVRGHVLVUHOHDVHGIRFXVLQJ RQWKHIROORZLQJWHQWKHPHV:RUOG:DU,,'XWFKSROLWLFVWKH5R\DO)DPLO\'DLO\OLIHLQWKH 1HWKHUODQGV6SRUW&XOWXUHLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV7UDFHVRIWKH:DU7KH&ROG:DU7KH1HWKHUODQGV DQGWKH:RUOG7KH&RORQLHV $1'(5(7,-'(1KDVUHFHLYHGVHYHUDOKRQRXUVDQGSUL]HVLQFOXGLQJWKHSUHVWLJLRXV=LOYHUHQ 1LSNRZVFKLMI 'XWFKPHGLDFULWLFVDZDUGVHDVRQ±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pORSGRFXPHQWDLUHIHVWLYDO NRC Handelsblad2FWREHU   79LQ1HGHUODQG  $PVWHUGDP6WLFKWLQJ.LMNRQGHU]RHN 

    1269352-DQXDU\ DIDPHG'XWFKVSHHGVNDWHUUHDFKHGYLHZHUVDQG VLPLODU ILJXUHV ZHUH UHSRUWHG IRU DQ HSLVRGH IHDWXULQJ WKH :RUOG &XS )RRWEDOO ILQDO PDWFK EHWZHHQ:HVW*HUPDQ\DQGWKH1HWKHUODQGV :. :$$520'('8,76(56:211(1>:25/' &83:+<7+(*(50$16:21@1269352-XO\YLHZHUV ZKLOH WKHHSLVRGHIHDWXULQJDPDWHXUYLGHRVRIWKH:RUOG&XS)RRWEDOORI :. '225$1'(5( 2*(1>:25/'&8381,48()281')227$*(@1269352-XO\ LQZKLFKWKH 1HWKHUODQGVORVWWKHILQDODJDLQVWKRVW$UJHQWLQD±VWLOODKRWO\FRQWHVWHGPDWFKLQ'XWFKIRRWEDOO KLVWRU\±ZDVVHHQE\YLHZHUV7KLVQXPEHUZDVHYHQWUXPSHGE\WKHHSLVRGH IHDWXULQJWKH(OIVWHGHQWRFKWLQWLWOHG'(7(58**(921'(1(/)67('(172&+7>)281' )227$*(2)7+(&,7<6.$7,1*5$&(@ 1269352-DQXDU\ ±DYDVWQXPEHURI YLHZHUVWXQHGLQWRWKLVHSLVRGH  ,QVWLWXWLRQDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV   &RQWH[WVRISURGXFWLRQIURPDFRUQHUVHDWWRDQLQVWLWXWLRQRIKLVWRU\WHOHYLVLRQ ,Q  SURJUDPPH PDNHU DQG KLVWRULDQ *HUGD -DQVHQ +HQGULNV DGGUHVVHV WKH ODFN RI D WUDGLWLRQRISHUPDQHQWORQJUXQQLQJKLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJRQWHOHYLVLRQLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV -DQVHQ+HQGULNVPDNHVWKLVVWDWHPHQWLQWKHLQLWLDOIRUPDWSURSRVDOIRUZKDWZRXOGODWHUGHYHORS LQWRWKHKLVWRULFDOSURJUDPPH$1'(5(7,-'(1DVIROORZV

7KHUHLVno traditionRIKLVWRULFDOSURJUDPPHVRQ'XWFKWHOHYLVLRQ1RZDQGWKHQWKHUH DUHGRFXPHQWDULHVRUDVHULHV+RZHYHUWKHUHLVQRWKLQJWKDWUHVHPEOHVSURJUDPPHV OLNH'$0$/6 =')± RU7,0(:$7&+ %%&± )RUHLJQFRXQWULHVGR QRW DW DOO DOZD\V WUXPS WKH 1HWKHUODQGV VR ZK\ VKRXOG WKH PDQ\ WUHDVXUHV LQ ILOP WHOHYLVLRQDQGUDGLRDUFKLYHVWKHEHDXWLIXOVWRULHVWKDWSHRSOHFDQWHOODQGWKHGHPDQG WROHDUQPRUHDERXWWKHUHFHQWSDVWQRWEHSXWWRXVHRYHUKHUH"  P\HPSKDVLV 

,QIDFWWKH1HWKHUODQGVDUHFULWLFLVHGIRUQRWGHYRWLQJHQRXJKEURDGFDVWLQJWLPHWRKLVWRU\LQ JHQHUDO,QDUWUHSRUWHU5D\PRQGYDQGHQ%RRJDDUGDLUVKLVGLVVDWLVIDFWLRQLQWKHQDWLRQDO QHZVSDSHU NRC Handelsblad DUJXLQJ WKH QHHG IRU D FRUQHU RI WKH SDVW  RQ 'XWFK SXEOLF WHOHYLVLRQ

'XWFKWHOHYLVLRQGRHVVROLWWOHRQKLVWRU\PDNLQJLWVHHPOLNHWKH1HWKHUODQGVDQGWKH UHVWRIWKHZRUOGZHUHRQO\LQYHQWHG\HVWHUGD\$UHJXODUO\UHFXUULQJKLVWRU\SURJUDPPH   .LMNFLMIHUV NRC Handelsblad-DQXDU\  .LMNFLMIHUV Algemeen Dagblad-XO\  6SRUWRRN]RQGHUZHGVWULMGHQJRHGEHNHNHQ ANP-XO\  .LMNFLMIHUV Algemeen Dagblad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

  

LVDSSDUHQWO\WRKLJKDQDLPIRUWKH'XWFKSHRSOH>«@,VWKHUHWUXO\QRFRUQHUIRUD KLVWRULFDOSURJUDPPHEHWZHHQDOOWKHPHGLFDOSURJUDPPHVDQGEURDGFDVWVRQHWKLFDO LVVXHVDFURVVWKUHHSXEOLFVHUYLFHFKDQQHOV">«@7KHSDVWGRHVQRWOD\LGOH±RXWVLGHRI WKH1HWKHUODQGVWKDWLV 

7KH1HWKHUODQGVGRKDYHDORQJVWDQGLQJWUDGLWLRQRIGRFXPHQWDU\ILOPDQGWHOHYLVLRQ SURGXFWLRQ 7KURXJKRXW WKH V VHYHUDO EURDGFDVWHUV ZLWKLQ WKH SXEOLF EURDGFDVWLQJ FRUSRUDWLRQ SURGXFH KLVWRU\ GRFXPHQWDULHV RU GHDO ZLWK WKH SDVWLQWKHFRQWH[WRID GRFXPHQWDU\ SURJUDPPH RU VHULHV 7KH ZHHNO\ 15&9 VHULHV '2.80(17 >'2&80(17@ 1&59'2&± DQGWKH1369352GRFXPHQWDU\SURJUDPPH'2.:(5.>'2&.:25.@ 1369352± EURDGFDVWDQXPEHURIGRFXPHQWDULHVZKLFKGHDOZLWKWKHSDVWVXFK DV217+($,5 1&59)HEUXDU\ DERXWWKHKLVWRU\RIWKHPHGLXPUDGLRDQG'87&+ $3352$&+ 136 DERXWWKH0ROXFFDQDFWLRQVLQ±7KHGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV:,( :$6 -( 23$ 6 23$23$" >:+2 :$6 <285 *5$1')$7+(5 6 *5$1')$7+(5 *5$1')$7+(5"@ 9352 ±  ORRNV EDFN RQ WKH IDPLO\ KLVWRU\ RI VHYHUDO 'XWFK FKLOGUHQ WKURXJK LQWHUYLHZVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQIURPDUFKLYHVLQWZHOYHHSLVRGHV7KHWKUHHSDUW598GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV:,-6/$9(19$1685,1$0(>:(6/$9(62)685,1$0@ 598 UHIOHFWVRQWKHKLVWRU\ RI6XULQDPSHRSOHLQFOXGLQJ$QWRQGH.RPDQG/RXLV'RHGHO:RUOG:DU,,LVDIDYRXULWH VXEMHFW JLYHQ WKH IDFW WKDW WKH \HDU  PDUNHG WKH \HDUVDJR RFFXSDWLRQ RI WKH 1HWKHUODQGV3ULPHH[DPSOHVDUHWKHUHPDNHRIWKH±KLVWRULFDOWH[W'(%(=(77,1* >7+( 2&&83$7,21@ 126 ±  DQG WKH KLVWRU\ GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV 1$ '( 225/2* >$)7(57+(:$5@ 136 7KH9352FXUUHQWDIIDLUVSURJUDPPH',2*(1(6 9352±   IHDWXUHV KLVWRULFDO UHSRUWDJHV IURP DEURDG -DQVHQ +HQGULNV KRQHV KHU VNLOOV DW ',2*(1(6QH[WWRGRFXPHQWDU\PDNHUVOLNH3DXO&RKHQ,QWKH9352VWDUWVDSHUPDQHQW KLVWRULFDOUDGLRSURJUDPPH+(7632257(58*>7+(75$,/%$&.@ 9352± DQGFRQWLQXHV LQWREURDGFDVWDUHJXODUO\UHFXUULQJKLVWRULFDOSURJUDPPHRQUDGLR297 9352± ZKLFKVWDQGVIRU 2192/722,'9(5/('(17,-'>6,03/(3$677(16(@+LVWRULDQVH[SHUWVRU

 5D\PRQGYDQGHQ%RRJDDUG (HQKRHNMHYRRUKHWYHUOHGHQ NRC Handelsblad1RYHPEHU 4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'H1HGHUODQGVHWHOHYLVLHGRHW]RZHLQLJDDQJHVFKLHGHQLVGDWKHWVRPVOLMNWDOVRI 1HGHUODQGHQGHUHVWYDQGHZHUHOGSDVJLVWHUHQ]LMQXLWJHYRQGHQ(HQUHJHOPDWLJWHUXJNHUHQG JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPDDFKWHQGH+LOYHUVXPVHEHGHQNHUVNHQQHOLMNWHKRRJJHJUHSHQYRRURQVYRON >«@=RXHUQXHFKWJHHQKRHNMH]LMQYRRUHHQKLVWRULVFKSURJUDPPDWXVVHQDOGLHPHGLVFKH SURJUDPPD VHQXLW]HQGLQJHQRYHUHWKLVFKHYUDDJVWXNNHQRYHUGULH]HQGHUVSXEOLHNHWHOHYLVLH">«@ +HWYHUOHGHQVWDDWQLHWVWLO±EXLWHQ1HGHUODQG )RUDOLVWRI'XWFKWHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDULHVDERXW::,,XSWRVHH&KULV9RVTelevisie en bezetting: een onderzoek naar de documentaire verbeelding van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederland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sLQ MDDURYHUKHLGVILOPV±>$Q,PDJLQHG&RORQ\7KH'XWFK(DVW,QGLHVLQILOPV FRPPLVVLRQHGE\WKH'XWFKDXWKRULWLHV±@  3K'8QLYHUVLW\RI$PVWHUGDP 

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

(YHU\WLPHDVHULHVHQGHGWKHFUHZZRXOGEUHDNXS(YHU\RQHZHQWKLVRUKHURZQZD\ DQGZKHQWKHQH[WSURJUDPPHWRRNRIIHYHU\WKLQJKDGWREHUHLQYHQWHG7KHUHZDVno consistency no style no archive and no personnelEvery single time we had to start all over again  P\HPSKDVLV 

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±DQGQRWMXVWIRURQHVHDVRQRUIRUDIHZHSLVRGHV D\HDU±9DQ/LHPSWZRXOGJRRQWRFUHDWHDVSHFLILF KRXVHVW\OH RU VFKRRO ZLWKLQWKH'XWFK WHOHYLVLRQ LQGXVWU\ ZLWK D FRPPRQ FRQYLFWLRQ RI KRZ WR SRUWUD\ KLVWRU\ RQ WHOHYLVLRQ 7KH Andere Tijden-VFKRRO  ± ERWK GLUHFWO\ DQG LQGLUHFWO\ ± GHYHORSHG D FRPPRQ VHW RUFRUH RI FKDUDFWHULVWLFVWKDWDUHJHQHUDOO\VKDUHGDPRQJVWWKH$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGHVZKLFKDUHFUHDWHG  $GYDQ/LHPSWZDVFRFUHDWRUDQGHGLWRULQFKLHIRI$1'(5(7,-'(1>&+$1*,1*7,0(6@IURP±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he Second World War in 100 Objects ]DWWKH.XQVWKDO 5RWWHUGDPEXWKHDOVRUHPDLQVSDVVLRQHGDERXWVSRUWDQGKDGDFRQVXOWDWLYHUROHLQWKH GRFXPHQWDU\+2('(7285'()5$1&(1$$5875(&+7.:$0>+2:7+(7285'()5$1&(&$0(72 875(&+7@ $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK >(@ONHNHHUDOVGH VHULHZDVDIJHORSHQGDQJLQJGHFOXEZHHUXLWHONDDU,HGHUHHQJLQJ]LMQVZHHJVHQDOVHUGDQZHHUHHQ YROJHQGSURJUDPPDEHJRQPRHVWDOOHVRSQLHXZZRUGHQXLWJHYRQGHQ(UZDVJHHQOLMQJHHQVWLMOJHHQ DUFKLHIJHHQSHUVRQHHO$OOHVPRHVWHONHNHHURSQLHXZ 

  

E\ GLIIHUHQW GLUHFWRUV 7KHLU EDVHGRQIDFW DSSURDFK WR KLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJDOVRVHWWKH VWDQGDUGIRUQHZO\SURGXFHGSURJUDPPHVIROORZLQJ$1'(5(7,-'(1OLNH'(225/2*>7+(:$5@ 136 ,1'(225/2*>$7:$5@ 136± '(6/$9(51,->6/$9(5<@ 175   '( *28'(1 ((8: >7+( *2/'(1 $*(@ 1759352 ±  1$ '( %(95,-',1* >$)7(57+(/,%(5$7,21@ 175 '(,-=(5(1((8:>7+(,521$*(@ 1759352  DQG LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK RWKHU (XURSHDQ EURDGFDVWHUV ± '$*%2(.(1 8,7 '( ((567( :(5(/'225/2* >± ',$5,(6 2) 7+( *5($7 :$5@ 1759352   LQFOXGLQJ FRPSOHPHQWDU\FURVVPHGLDPDWHULDOV7KHVHKLVWRU\SURJUDPPHVGRQRWDOOQHFHVVDULO\IRFXV RQWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\KLVWRU\UHXVHDUFKLYDOIRRWDJHRUDUHWULJJHUHGE\FXUUHQWHYHQWV$VD UHVXOWFULWLFVFUHGLW$1'(5(7,-'(1ZLWKFDOOLQJDWWHQWLRQWRKLVWRU\RQ'XWFKWHOHYLVLRQDQG WKLVLQWHUHVWLQKLVWRU\E\DXGLHQFHVLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVZRXOGODWHULQWKHGHFDGHWDNHRQWKH IRUPRIDSURSHU WUHQG    7KHJHQHVLVRIWKHAndere TijdenVFKRRO 7KHILUVWWUDQVPLVVLRQGDWHRIWKHKLVWRU\WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPH$1'(5(7,-'(1ZDVRULJLQDOO\ SODQQHGIRU-DQXDU\VW7KHSUHPLVHRIWKHSURJUDPPHILWVULJKWLQZLWKWKHVSLULWRIWKH WLPHV WKH HQGRIWKHFHQWXU\ FXOWXUH RI ORRNLQJ EDFN  (DUO\ LQ  D PDVVLYH QHHG IRU ORRNLQJEDFNDQGUHIOHFWLQJRQWKHSDVWFDPHDERXWGXHWRWKHRQFHLQDOLIHWLPHHYHQWVRIWKH WXUQRIWKHPLOOHQQLXP%\WKHHQGRIVHYHUDOPHGLDDQGSURJUDPPHVKDGORRNHGEDFNRQ WKH\HDURQWKHGHFHQQLXPRQWKHFHQWXU\DQGHYHQRQWKHPLOOHQQLXP%HFDXVHMRXUQDOLVWLF ZRUNUXQVDODUJHULVNRIEHFRPLQJPHUHO\DURXWLQHWKHZULWLQJRIWKULOOLQJDQGHQJURVVLQJ VWRULHVRISDVWHYHQWVZLWKDODUJHUHVHUYRLURIVWRULHVWRFKRRVHIURPFDQEHDZHOFRPHUHOLHI 9DQ/LHPSWDUJXHVWKDWWKLVUHIOHFWLYHDFWLYLW\EULQJVRXWWKHEHVWLQSHRSOHLQFOXGLQJUHSRUWHUV DQGSURJUDPPHPDNHUVQRWRQO\EHFDXVH VSOHQGLGVWRULHVDUHSURGXFHGZKLFKDUHPXFKPRUH VHQVLWLYHDQGRIWHQPRUHFRQVLGHUDWHO\DQGPHWLFXORXVO\FUHDWHG EXWDOVREHFDXVHWKLVDFWLYLW\ LV DVHFUHWKREE\RIMRXUQDOLVWV 6LPLODUO\LQWKHDQQLYHUVDU\RIVL[W\\HDUVRIWHOHYLVLRQ LQWKH1HWKHUODQGVKDVEURXJKWDERXWDFRPSDUDEOHIDVFLQDWLRQIRUWHOHYLVLRQ VSDVWUHVXOWLQJLQ QXPHURXV SURJUDPPHV FHOHEUDWLQJ WKH KLVWRU\ RI WKH PHGLXP LQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV EURDGFDVW WKURXJKRXWWKH\HDU $1'(5(7,-'(1IRFXVHVRQDOPRVWIRUJRWWHQVWRULHVIURPWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\2QHRI WKHHDUOLHVWZRUNLQJWLWOHVRIWKHSURJUDPPH'(925,*(((8:>7+(35(&(',1*&(1785<@DOVR

 %HUWYDQGHU9HHU60 jaar televisie in Nederland %DDUQ0DUPHU  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK >2@SGHHHQRI DQGHUHPDQLHUZHUGGDWWHUXJNLMNHQ>LQ@PppUGDQDOOHHQPDDUWHUXJNLMNHQ>«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

    UHIOHFWVWKHSULQFLSOHRIORRNLQJEDFNRQWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\:KHQGLVFXVVLQJWKHSHULRGLQ ZKLFK$1'(5(7,-'(1VWDUWHGEURDGFDVWLQJ9DQ/LHPSWVWDWHV

7KHVHGD\V,KDYHWRFRQVWDQWO\DQVZHUWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQ6RKDV\RXULQWHUHVW LQKLVWRU\JURZQGRHV$1'(5(7,-'(1VWHPIURPWKHDGGHGLQWHUHVWLQKLVWRU\RUKDVLW WRDGHJUHHFDXVHGLW"$QGWKHUHLVQRWUHDOO\DQDQVZHUWRWKLVTXHVWLRQ,WKLQNLWLV ERWK7KDWWKH\DUHPXWXDOO\UHLQIRUFLQJHIIHFWV:HVWDUWHGEHFDXVHZHVHQVHGWKDW WKHUHZRXOGEHDQLQWHUHVWLQORRNLQJEDFNRQKLVWRU\DQGPRUHLQWHUHVWZRXOGIROORZ DQGE\GRLQJVRPRUHDQGPRUHSHRSOHEHJDQWRILQGLWLQWHUHVWLQJ 

7KHIDFWWKDW±XQDZDUHRIHDFKRWKHU±*XLGR.QRSS VZHHNO\SURJUDPPH +,6725< =') ± VWDUWHGDIHZPRQWKVODWHURQWHOHYLVLRQLQ*HUPDQ\LVWR9DQ/LHPSWDQDIILUPDWLRQ RIWKHZeitgeist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«HHQEHZLMVGDWKHWJHHQUDDUKHUVHQVSLQVHOZDVPDDUGDWKHWHFKWLQGHWLMGJHHVWSDVWH  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK >-@HOHHVW YDQDOOHVLQGHNUDQWHQLNGDFKWGDQDIHQWRH0DDUKRH]DWKHWGDQGDDUYRRU":DDUNZDPGDWGDQ YDQGDDQ"'DWLVGHUHGHQZDDURPLNJHVFKLHGHQLVEHQJDDQVWXGHUHQ(QGDWLVHLJHQOLMNSUHFLHV GH]HOIGHEDVLVDOVZDDURS$1'(5(7,-'(1LVEHGDFKW,NEHGRHOHUJHEHXUWYDQDOOHVLQGHDFWXDOLWHLW HQGDQYUDDJMHMHDIKRHKHWHHUGHU]DW(QJHVFKLHGHQLVKHUKDDOW]LFKQDWXXUOLMNQRRLWPDDUKHWLVZHO HHQDDUGLJHVSLHJHOVRPV 

  

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recurrently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

+H>9DQ'HQ%ULQN@VSRNHWKHLQP\RSLQLRQKLVWRULFDOZRUGV$FWXDOO\,DPDJDLQVW FRRSHUDWLRQRQSURJUDPPHOHYHOEXWWKLVLVVXFKDJRRGLGHDWKDW,ZRXOGQ WVD\QR +HPDGHWKHDGGHGFRPPHQWKRZHYHUWKDWKHZDVLQIDFWYHU\DQQR\HGWKDWLWKDGQRW VWHPPHG IURP KLV RZQ RUJDQLVDWLRQ 2I FRXUVH WKH\ VKRXOG KDYH WKRXJKW RI WKLV WKHPVHOYHV%\WKHQWKH\KDGEHHQSURGXFLQJ297IRUDERXWWHQ\HDUVEXWQRRQHKDG HYHUDSSURDFKHGKLPWRGRWKLVRQWHOHYLVLRQ 

,QWKHILUVW\HDURIEURDGFDVWLQJWKH136FUHGLWV$1'(5(7,-'(1ZLWKEHFRPLQJDSHUPDQHQW IL[WXUHRQ'XWFKSXEOLFWHOHYLVLRQHVSHFLDOO\E\DFTXLULQJDreputationLQWKHUHXVHRIDUFKLYDO IRRWDJH $OPRVW HYHU\ HSLVRGH LQFOXGHV ILOP VKRWV WKDW KDYH QHYHU EHHQ VHHQ EHIRUH RQ

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

    WHOHYLVLRQRUKDYHEHHQIRUJRWWHQ,QWKHSUHVWLJLRXV1LSNRZVFKLMILVDZDUGHG7KH LQWHUHVWLQKLVWRU\ZRXOGJURZDQGH[SDQGDVSURYHQE\WKHVXFFHVVRIKLVWRULFDOOLWHUDWXUHOLNH WKHZRUNRI*HHUW0DNKLVWRULFDOZHEVLWHVWKHJURZWKRIWKHKLVWRULFDOPDJD]LQHHistorisch NieuwsbladDQGWKHOLVWHQLQJILJXUHVIRU297DQGWKHVXFFHVVRIWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVOLNH $1'(5(7,-'(1DQG,1(8523$>,1(8523(@ 9352±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± PHDQLQJ FROOHDJXHV ZKLFK SHRSOH FDQ IHHO YHU\ PXFK DOOLHG WR ± ZKLOVW WKH FRPPHUFLDO EURDGFDVWHUVDUHWKHreal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«@:LMKHEEHQKHWRS GHQRPLQDWLHJHRUJDQLVHHUG'DWLVYROOHGLJXLWGHKDQGJHORSHQZDQWKHW]LMQDOOHPDDOGHQRPLQDWLHV YDQHHQWRWDDODQGHUHDDUGJHZRUGHQ  ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK >«@HHQWRWDDORQWDDUGV\VWHHPPDDUGDWEUDFKWKHWRUJDQLVHUHQRSWKHPD VWHHGVYHUGHUDFKWHURS 

  

DOVRSOD\HGDUROHLQWKHPHUJHURI126/$$7>126FXUUHQWDIIDLUVSURJUDPPH126/$7(@ZLWK $&+7(5+(71,(8:6>9$5$FXUUHQWDIIDLUVSURJUDPPH%(+,1'7+(1(:6@WRFUHDWH 129$ 9$5$175 ±  >«@ :RUNLQJ WRJHWKHU LV VRPHZKDW LQ P\ JHQHV LQ WHUPV RI WHOHYLVLRQ ,W LV ULGLFXORXV WR FRPSHWH ZLWK \RXU FROOHDJXHV ZKHQ WKHUH LV QR FRQIOLFWLQJ LQWHUHVW 7KHMRLQWSURGXFWLRQRI$1'(5(7,-'(1WRJHWKHUZLWKWKH9352ZDVWR9DQ/LHPSW DFWXDOO\ TXLWH RUGLQDU\ DQG QRW DW DOO GLIILFXOW  7KHUHXSRQ WKH SURJUDPPH PDNHUV VHHN intrinsic cooperationZLWKWKHUDGLRSURJUDPPH2977KLVFRRSHUDWLRQLVDWWHPSWHGDQXPEHU RIWLPHVDQGLVUHDFKHGLQDIHZEURDGFDVWVZLWKFROOHDJXHVIURP297$WWKHVDPHWLPHWKLV FRRSHUDWLRQLVQRWVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGGXHWRGLIIHUHQFHVLQZRUNLQJHQYLURQPHQWVDQGDGLIIHUHQW UK\WKPRISURGXFLQJEURDGFDVWV7KHFROOHFWLYHZHEVLWHLVDQLPSRUWDQWIDFWRULQEULQJLQJWKH WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHDQGWKHUDGLRSURJUDPPHWRJHWKHU )URP WKH ILUVW EURDGFDVW RQZDUGV $1'(5( 7,-'(1 IHDWXUHV DGGLWLRQDO EDFNJURXQG LQIRUPDWLRQZLWKHDFKZHHNO\HSLVRGHRQLWVRZQRQOLQHZHEVLWHDQGHUHWLMGHQQO,Q± WKHWHOHYLVLRQPDNHUVWKHPVHOYHVSULQFLSDOO\VWLSXODWHWKH$1'(5(7,-'(1ZHEVLWHDVD FRQGLWLRQZLWKWKHSURJUDPPH$1'(5(7,-'(1XVHVDUFKLYDOVRXUFHVDQGUHFHQWUHVHDUFKDVD JXLGLQJSULQFLSOHDQGWKHUHIRUHDSULPDU\UHDVRQWRIHDWXUHDZHEVLWHZLWKWKHSURJUDPPHLV WREHDEOHWRSURYLGHVRXUFHDQQRWDWLRQ2QHFDQDUJXHWKDWWKLVLVRQWKHRQHKDQGLQFRQWUDVW WR FXUUHQW SUDFWLFHV WKH FUHDWLRQ RI D ZHEVLWH ZLWK D WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPH KDV DW SUHVHQW EHFRPH DQ LQGXVWU\ VWDQGDUG $ ZHEVLWH LV FXVWRPDULO\ D FRQVLVWHQW SDUW RI WHOHYLVLRQ DV D G\QDPLFFRQVWHOODWLRQRIVFUHHQSUDFWLFHVDZD\WRHQJDJHWHOHYLVLRQXVHUVLQWKHSURJUDPPH V FRQWHQWWRSURYLGHDSODWIRUPIRUSDUWLFLSDWLRQDQGGLVFXVVLRQ7KHILUVW$1'(5(7,-'(1ZHEVLWH ZDVDWWKHIRUHIURQWRIWKLVEXWGLGQRWHQWLUHO\UHDFKLWVSRWHQWLDODVDIRUXPRIKLVWRULFDO GLVFXVVLRQ7KHREOLJDWLRQWRORJLQWRWDNHSDUWLQGLVFXVVLRQVLVIRUH[DPSOHQRWHGKHUHDVDQ REVWDFOH 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG LW PXVW EH DUJXHG WKDW WKH FXUUHQW VWDQGDUGLVDWLRQ RI RQOLQH SUDFWLFHVZLWKWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVGRHVQRWPHDQWKDWWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUV LQFOLQDWLRQWR VKDUH H[WUD LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW ZRXOG RWKHUZLVH KDYH GLVDSSHDUHG LQ D GHVN GUDZHU RUWKH

 ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK 8LWHLQGHOLMNKHELNRRNHHQUROJHVSHHOGLQGHIXVLHYDQ126/$$7HQ$&+7(5 +(71,(8:6WRW129$>«@6DPHQZHUNHQ]DWZHOHHQEHHWMHLQPLMQJHQHQTXDWHOHYLVLH,NYLQGKHW ]REHODFKHOLMNGDWMHFRQFXUUHHUWPHWMHFROOHJD VZDDUMHKHOHPDDOJHHQWHJHQVWULMGLJEHODQJELMKHEW  ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK >«@HLJHQOLMNKHHOJHZRRQHQKHOHPDDOQLHWODVWLJ  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW-XQH4XRWHLQ'XWFK +HWLVYRRU$1'(5( 7,-'(1QRRLW]R QHQRUPVXFFHVJHZHHVWGRRUDOOHEHSHUNLQJHQGLHHUZDUHQ+HWLVQRXQLHWHFKW«+HW LVQRRLWJHOXNWRPHHQXLWYRHULJHKLVWRULVFKHGLVFXVVLHRSJDQJWHEUHQJHQ,QKHWEHJLQJLQJGDW HLJHQOLMNEHWHUWRHQHUJHHQHQNHOHEHSHUNLQJZDVODWHUPRHVWKHWYROGRHQDDQDOOHUOHL«PRHVWHQ PHQVHQLQORJJHQ  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\-DQVHQ+HQGULNV 1RZDGD\V LW VDOPRVWFRPPRQSUDFWLFHWKDWLI\RXPDNHDWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPH\RXDOVRKDYHWRPDNHDVRUWRI ZHEVLWH,UHDOO\GRQ WPLQGEXWLWLVQ WVXFKWKLQJDVWKHYLHZHUVUHTXLUHLWRUVXFKDWKLQJRUWKDWLW V FRPPRQSUDFWLFHQRLW VDOVRYHU\JRRGEHFDXVH\RXFDQSURYLGHSHRSOHZLWKDOONLQGRILQIRUPDWLRQ DOVRWKRVHELRJUDSKLHVDOOWKDWLQIRUPDWLRQZKLFKXQGHUGLIIHUHQWFLUFXPVWDQFHVZRXOGGLVDSSHDULQ \RXURZQGHVNGUDZHUDQGLW VTXLWHQLFHWKDWLWFDQEHPDGHDYDLODEOHWRWKHJHQHUDOSXEOLF 4XRWHLQ 'XWFK 7HJHQZRRUGLJLVGDWELMQDVWDQGDDUGGDWMHDOVMHHHQWHOHYLVLHSURJUDPPDPDDNWGDQPRHWMH HURRNHHQVRRUWZHEVLWHELMPDNHQ'DWYLQGLNGDQRRNQLHWHUJKRRUPDDU«>«@KHWLVQLHW]RYDQ KHWPRHWYDQGHEXLWHQZHUHOGRI]RRIKHWLVRPGDWKHWJHEUXLNHOLMNLVQHHKHWLVRRNKDUWVWLNNHJRHG RPGDWMHDOOHUOHLGLQJHQNZLMWNDQRRNGLHELRJUDILHWMHVDOOHPDDOLQIRUPDWLHGLHDQGHUVGDWYHUGZLMQW LQMHHLJHQEXUHDXODHQKHWLVKDUWVWLNNHOHXNGDWMHGDWRRNYRRUHHQJURWHUSXEOLHNEHVFKLNEDDUNDQ PDNHQ 

    VLJQLILFDQFH WR SXEOLFLVH DGGLWLRQDOO\ UHVHDUFKHG LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWK D ODUJH DXGLHQFH KDV GLPLQLVKHG (FRQRP\ PHDVXUHV PD\ LQIOXHQFH RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU ZHEVLWHV E\ 'XWFK SXEOLF EURDGFDVWHUVDVZHOODOWKRXJKLWVHHPVWKDWWKHUHOHYDQFHRIZHEVLWHVWKDWDUHFOHDUO\FRQQHFWHG WRWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVLVUHFRJQLVHGDQGZLOOFRQWLQXHWRUHFHLYHIXQGLQJ&XUUHQWO\WKH $1'(5( 7,-'(1 ZHEVLWH FRQWLQXHV WR SURYLGH FRQWH[WXDO DQG DGGLWLRQDO LQIRUPDWLRQ ± QRW LQFOXGHGLQWKHEURDGFDVWRUSURYLGLQJDGLIIHUHQWSHUVSHFWLYH±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±  WRSLFDOKLVWRU\QHZV FRYHUDJH MRLQIRUFHVXQGHUWKHGHQRPLQDWRUGeschiedenis >HistoryRPURHSQOJHVFKLHGHQLV@ 7KH2979352UDGLRDQG$1'(5(7,-'(1VWDIIPHPEHUVZRUNWRJHWKHUWRSXEOLVKDGGLWLRQDO FXUUHQWKLVWRU\LQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHVLWHOHDGLQJWRD VSHFWDFXODUULVHLQWKHQXPEHURIZHEVLWH YLVLWRUV 7KHFROOHFWLYHZHEVLWHLVDVLJQLILFDQWUHDVRQLQEULQJLQJ$1'(5(7,-'(1DQG297 WRJHWKHU7KHZHEVLWHLQWKLVPDQQHUVHUYHGWKHumbrella functionWKDW9DQ/LHPSWZLVKHGWR H[SDQGXSRQ+RZHYHUGXHWRWKHRUJDQLVDWLRQDOQDWXUHRIWKH'XWFKEURDGFDVWLQJV\VWHPRWKHU IRUPVRIFRRSHUDWLRQWRRNDORWORQJHUWRDFKLHYH9DQ/LHPSW 7KHRUJDQLVDWLRQDOIRUPLVEDVHG RQEURDGFDVWLQJRUJDQLVDWLRQVZKLFKUXQFRXQWHUWRHDFKRWKHUDQGDJDLQVWDQRUJDQLVDWLRQ EDVHGRQWKHPH7KHUHIRUHVD\LQJWKLVZLOOEHWKH+LVWRU\'HSDUWPHQWRIWKHSXEOLFVHUYLFH EURDGFDVWHU«ZHOOWKH\DOOORRNDW\RXDVLI«7KHQ\RXUHDOO\DUHWKHHQHP\7KHQ\RXDUH DKHUHWLFLQWKH&KXUFK 7KLVZDVQRWJLYHQDKLJKSULRULW\WRH[SORUHIXUWKHUEHFDXVHRIWKH DPRXQWRIWLPHDQGHQHUJ\WKDWWKHSURGXFWLRQRIWKHSURJUDPPHVWRRN

 $QDYDQ(V :LHEHWDDOWGHUHNHQLQJLQ+LOYHUVXP"$QDO\VHVFHQDULRYDQRPURHSHQ]HOIVWDDWRS ORVVHVFKURHYHQ De Volkskrant-XQH $GYDQ/LHPSWHGAndere Tijden $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ $GYDQ/LHPSWHGAndere Tijden: Nieuwe verhalen over vroeger $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ $GYDQ/LHPSWHGAndere Tijden III: Nieuwe inzichten in oude kwesties $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ $GYDQ/LHPSWHG Andere Tijden IV: Sterke verhalen, die nog waar zijn ook $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ &DUOD%RRV HGAndere Tijden V: Nieuw licht op oude kwesties $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ &DUOD%RRVHG Andere Tijden VI: Nieuw licht op oude kwesties $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ &DUOD%RRVHG Andere Tijden VII: Nieuw licht op oude kwesties $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ &DUOD%RRVHG Andere Tijden VIII: Nieuwe verhalen over oude kwesties $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ &DUOD%RRV HGAndere Tijden IX: Nieuwe verhalen over de actualiteit van gisteren $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ  &DUOD%RRVHGAndere Tijden X: Nieuwe verhalen over de actualiteit van gisteren $PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'XVKHWVRZLHVRDO KHWEHVWHORVEODGLJHJHVFKLHGHQLVERHNRYHUGHWZLQWLJVWHHHXZGDWZHKHEEHQQX   136-DDUYHUVODJ  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'HRUJDQLVDWLHYRUP LVRSRPURHSHQGLHWHJHQHONDDULQJDDQHQ>WHJHQ@RUJDQLVHUHQRSWKHPD'XV]HJJHQGLWZRUGWGH

  

+RZHYHU ODUJHO\ WKDQNV WR WKH LQQRYDWLYH GLUHFWLRQ WDNHQ E\ 9352 WKH WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOGeschiedenis TV LVUHDOLVHGLQ)HEUXDU\9DQ/LHPSWVWDUWVWRUHWKLQNKLVZLVK IRUDQXPEUHOODKLVWRU\RUJDQLVDWLRQ9DQ/LHPSW 7KHWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOZDVODXQFKHGWKH WKHPDWLFFKDQQHOEHLQJ9352ZKLOVWWKHWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOZRXOGRIFRXUVHUHO\KHDYLO\RQ $1'(5( 7,-'(1 EHFDXVH WKH\ EURDGFDVW WKDW PXFK IURP $1'(5( 7,-'(1 VR LQ LWVHOI TXLWH VWUDQJH ,QDSHUVRQDOPHPRRI$SULOWR*DPLOD132 %RDUGRI0DQDJHPHQW@:LWKWKLVPHPRUDQGXP9DQ/LHPSWDQG6FKDHSPDQVWULYHIRUDQ RUJDQLVDWLRQEDVHGRQWKHPHVDQGQRWRQPHGLXPRUSKLORVRSK\RIWKRXJKW9DQ/LHPSW

 JHVFKLHGHQLVDIGHOLQJYDQGHSXEOLHNHRPURHS«QRXGDQNLMNHQ]HMHDOOHPDDODDQDOVRIMH«'DQ EHQMHHFKWGHYLMDQG'DQEHQMHHHQNHWWHULQGHNHUN  ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK +HWWKHPDNDQDDORRNZHUGJHODQFHHUGHQHHQWKHPDNDQDDOZDVZHHU9352 WHUZLMOHLJHQOLMNKHWWKHPDNDQDDOQDWXXUOLMNRRNKHHOHUJRS$1'(5(7,-'(1]RXJDDQOHXQHQRPGDW]H ]RYHHOXLW]HQGHQYDQ$1'(5(7,-'(1RS]LFK]HOIGXVKHHOYUHHPG7RHQKHELNPHW.HHV6FKDHSPDQ JH]HJG0RHWHQZHGDWQLHWHHQVGRHQ8LWHLQGHOLMNKHEEHQZHHHQVWXNJHVFKUHYHQ  $GYDQ/LHPSW 3HUVRQDOPHPR $SULO4XRWHLQ'XWFK ,NEHVFKRXZGDWDOVHHQYDQGH JURWHQDGHOHQYDQRQVEHVWHO  ,ELG±1%WKHGHSDUWPHQWKDVPRYHGDQXPEHURIWLPHVVLQFHWKHQ 6FKDHSPDQ.HHVDQG$GYDQ/LHPSW *HVFKLHGHQLVYDQGHWRHNRPVW1RWLWLHYRRUGH$IGHOLQJ *HVFKLHGHQLV 1369352 )HEUXDU\

    %HFDXVHZHOOLWUHDOO\LVDQD[HDWWKHURRWVRIWKHV\VWHPDVZHKDYHVDLGRQFH,Q WKDWZD\ZHNQRFNGRZQWKHV\VWHP>«@7KHFXUUHQWV\VWHPLVLQFUHGLEO\FRPSOLFDWHG EXWWKDWLVWKHEDFNJURXQGRILW7KDWZHDFWXDOO\WKLQNWKDWEHLQJLQFRPSHWLWLRQZLWK RWKHUKLVWRU\SURJUDPPHVLVDEVXUG-XVWSXOOWKHH[SHUWLVHWRJHWKHU,WLVTXLWHVLPLODU WR WKH structure of a row of furniture shops $OWRJHWKHU \RX HYHQWXDOO\ GUDZ PRUH LQWHUHVWWKDQZKHQ\RXFRPSHWHZLWKHDFKRWKHUIURPGLIIHUHQWVSRWV  P\HPSKDVLV 

7KHPHPRFRQILUPVWKHJRDKHDGIRUFROOHFWLYHDFFRPPRGDWLRQZKLFKEHFRPHVDUHDOLW\LQ $SULO%HFDXVHRIWKHMRLQWDFFRPPRGDWLRQFROODERUDWLRQLQWHQVLILHV7KHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLF FKDQQHONPO GeschiedenisVFKHGXOHVGLUHFWO\DIWHUWKHZHHNO\$1'(5(7,-'(1EURDGFDVWZKLOVW WKHFLUFXODWLRQRIPDWHULDOVDQGSODQVIRUFROODERUDWLRQLPSURYH$1'(5(7,-'(1LVQRZEHWWHU DEOHWRIXQFWLRQDVDSODWIRUPIRUKLVWRULFDOGLVFXVVLRQDVWKHULVHLQUDWLQJVDQGUHVSRQVHVRQ WKH ZHEVLWH DQG LQ WKH SUHVV KDV VKRZQ ,Q  GLVFXVVLRQV VWDUW DERXW D PHGLDVHFWLRQ FRLQFLGLQJZLWKWKHEURDGFDVWHSLVRGHVLQWKHKLVWRULFDOPDJD]LQHHistorisch Nieuwsblad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

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK :DQWMDKHWLVHFKW JHZRRQGHELMODDQGHZRUWHOVYDQKHWV\VWHHPKHEEHQZHZHOHHQVJH]HJG:LMVORSHQKHWV\VWHHP ODQJVGH]HZHJ>«@+HWLVDOOHPDDOKHHOLQJHZLNNHOGLQKHWKXLGLJHVWHOVHOPDDUGDWLVGH DFKWHUJURQGHUYDQ'DWZLMYLQGHQGDWHONDDUEHFRQFXUUHUHQPHWJHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD VEHODFKHOLMN ]RX]LMQ*HZRRQGHH[SHUWLVHELMHONDDU]HWWHQ+HWLVHHQEHHWMHKHWsysteem van demeubelboulevard (HQEHHWMHELMHONDDUJDDQ]LWWHQHQGDQWUHNMHXLWHLQGHOLMNPHHUEHODQJVWHOOLQJGDQZDQQHHUMH DOOHPDDORSHHQDQGHUHSOHNHONDDUJDDW]LWWHQEHFRQFXUUHUHQ  P\HPSKDVLV   6DPHQZHUNLQJPHW+LVWRULVFK1LHXZVEODG NTR Homepage0DUFK KWWSZZZQWUQOQLHXZV6DPHQZHUNLQJPHW+LVWRULVFK1LHXZVEODG

  

+RZHYHU9DQ/LHPSWGRHVQRWZDQWWRSURGXFH$1'(5(7,-'(163257ZLWKRXWWKH126 ,QWKHILUVWSODFHWKH\KDYHtheH[SHUWLVHDW678',263257 126±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ndere TijdenVFKRRO V KLVWRU\ FRPPXQLW\ KDV SURGXFHG $1'(5( 7,-'(1 $1'(5( 7,-'(1 63257 $1'(5( 7,-'(1 63(&,$/6 DQGWKHPHHYHQLQJV'(225/2*,1'(225/2*'(6/$9(51,-ZLWKDMXQLRU YHUVLRQIRU\RXQJHUDXGLHQFHVWLWOHG'(6/$9(51,--81,25 136 '(*28'(1((8:ZLWK DKLVWRU\FRPHG\IRU\RXQJHUYLHZHUVWLWOHG:(/.20,1'(*28'(1((8:>:(/&20(,17+( *2/'(1 $*(@ 136 ±  1$ '( %(95,-',1* ± '$*%2(.(1 8,7 '( ((567( :(5(/'225/2*'(,-=(5(1((8:ZLWKDKLVWRU\FRPHG\IRU\RXQJHUYLHZHUVWLWOHG:(/.20 %,- '( 520(,1(1 >:(/&20(,17+(520$1$*(@ 175 VXSSOHPHQWDU\ZHEVLWHVDQG ERRNV ZLWK WKH GLIIHUHQW SURJUDPPHV NPO Geschiedenis ZHEVLWH NPO Geschiedenis WKHPDWLFFKDQQHO*527(*(6&+,('(1,648,=>7+(%,*+,6725<48,=@ 1361759352±  LQ FROODERUDWLRQ ZLWK WKH QDWLRQDO QHZVSDSHU De Volkskrant DQG WKH KLVWRULFDO PDJD]LQH Historisch NieuwsbladDQGVLQFH)HEUXDU\DVSHFLDOVHFWLRQLQHistorisch Nieuwsblad %\WKHUHDUHDOVRQHZIRUPVRIFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQEURDGFDVWHUV7KH1759352FR SURGXFWLRQ/$%<5,17>/$%<5,17+@ 7HOHDF1759352± IRUH[DPSOHDVFLHQWLILF UDGLRDQGWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHZKRVHIRUPDWUHVHPEOHV$1'(5(7,-'(1 $VLGH IURP FUHDWLYH UHDVRQV IRU WKH FRQFHSWLRQ RI WKHVH GLYHUVH KLVWRULFDO SUDFWLFHV ZKLFKDOVRILWLQZLWKWKHSRSXODUWUHQGRIKLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJWKLVexpansionRIKLVWRU\DOVR IXQFWLRQVDVDQLQVWUXPHQWRISHUVRQQHOSROLF\6WUXFWXUDOO\SURGXFLQJKLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJRQ WHOHYLVLRQLQDORQJUXQQLQJVHULHVPHDQVGRLQJWKHVDPHZRUNIRUPXOWLSOH\HDUV+RZHYHUE\ H[SDQGLQJ KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPLQJ IURP $1'(5( 7,-'(1 WR WKHVH QHZ HQGHDYRXUV DOVR JLYHV SURJUDPPHPDNHUVQHZLPSXOVHVOHWVWKHPGHYHORSQHZVNLOOVDQGFUHDWHVLQWHUQDOPRELOLW\ SURJUDPPHPDNHUVIURPWKHAndere TijdenVFKRROUHJXODUO\VZLWFKEHWZHHQSURJUDPPHV$V

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK 7HQHHUVWH]LWGDDU Gp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eschiedenis24ZHEVLWHGXHWRLQWHUQDOFKDQJHVLQSROLF\DQGGLIIHUHQW SULRULWLHVDW9352$OWKRXJKWKHZHEVLWHLVQRWDQLQWHJUDOSDUWRIGeschiedenis24WKURXJKK\SHUOLQNV WKHWHOHYLVLRQXVHUFDQUHODWLYHO\HDV\ILQGWKHLUZD\WRWKHVLWH6HHDOVR 'HRRUORJ+RPHSDJH  DFFHVVHG-XQHKWWSGHRRUORJQSVQO

    DUHVXOWWKHKLVWRU\GHSDUWPHQWKDVEHHQEHWWHUDEOHWRNHHSWKHLUNQRZKRZ LQKRXVH ZKLFK 9DQ/LHPSWGHWHUPLQHVDVWKHNH\WRKLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJ

.HHSLQJH[SHUWLVHin-houseWKDW VUHDOO\WKHVHFUHWDQGWKHUHIRUHLWZDVQHFHVVDU\WR NHHSSHRSOHIURPOHDYLQJDIWHUWZR\HDUVRUHOVH\RXGRQ WPDLQWDLQDQ\NQRZKRZ 7KDWLVZKDWZHKDYHQRZ$WSUHVHQWZHKDYHSHRSOHZRUNLQJKHUHIURPWKHEHJLQQLQJ $VZHOODVSHRSOHZKRKDYHZRUNHGKHUHIRUILYHRUVHYHQ\HDUVVRWKHUHLVDZHDOWKRI H[SHULHQFH Experience plays a very important role in the creation of history programmes. ,I\RXNQRZZKHUHWRILQGVRPHWKLQJTXLFNO\RIFRXUVH\RXFDQZRUN PXFKPRUHHIILFLHQWO\WKDQZKHQ\RXQHHGWRGLVFRYHUHYHU\WKLQJIURPVFUDWFK  P\ HPSKDVLV 

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ndere TijdenVFKRRO ,Q  0LQLVWHU 0HG\ YDQ GHU /DDQ V SODQ IRU D QHZ SXEOLF EURDGFDVWLQJV\VWHPWKUHDWHQVWKHFRQWLQXHGH[LVWHQFHRIWKH136(DUO\LQWKH\HDUWKH&RXQFLO RI6WDWHJLYHVSRVLWLYHDGYLFHRQWKHELOO7KHSODQLVGLVFRQWLQXHGZKHQWKHJRYHUQPHQWUHVLJQV LQ-XQH:RUNLQJWRJHWKHUVHHPHGWREHFRPHPRUHLPSRUWDQWWKDQHYHUZLWKWKHH[LVWHQWWKUHDW RIWKHGLVFRQWLQXDQFHRIWKH1369DQ/LHPSWDUJXHVWKDWKHQHYHUGRXEWHGWKHFRQWLQXDQFHRI $1'(5( 7,-'(1 GXH WR WKHLU UHVSHFWDEOH UDWLQJV ± E\ WKDW WLPH WKH SURJUDPPH UHDFKHG DQ DYHUDJHRIYLHZHUVSHUHSLVRGH±KRZHYHUH[SDQVLRQQRZEHFDPHPRUHLPSRUWDQW WKDQHYHU&RRSHUDWLRQZLWKRUJDQLVDWLRQVZRXOGSURYLGHQHZUHYHQXHVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRU WKHFRQWLQXHGH[LVWHQFHRIWKHSURJUDPPH7KHAndere TijdenVFKRROVXEVHTXHQWO\VWDUWVWR FUHDWHDGLVWLQFWSURILOHDVWKHEURDGFDVWHUVRIWKHJUDQGVFDOH'XWFKKLVWRU\GRFXPHQWDU\7KH ILUVW QHZ SURGXFW LV +(7 9(5/('(1 9$1 1('(5/$1' >7+( 3$67 2) 7+( 1(7+(5/$1'6@ 1369352   )URP WKH VWDUW RI WKH UHVHDUFK SKDVH VHYHUDO SHRSOH IURP WKH Andere Tijden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

  

ZLWK ,UHHQ YDQ 'LWVKX\]HQ ([WHUQDO SURGXFHU ,'79 'RFV ZLWK WKH 136 DV D EURDGFDVWHU SURGXFHVWKLVVHULHV$OWKRXJKWKHVHULHVLVZHOOUHFHLYHGZLWKGHFHQWUDWLQJVWKHVHULHVLVLQWKH HQGDELJOHVVRQIRU9DQ/LHPSWUHJDUGLQJWKHSURGXFWLRQRIJUDQGVFDOHKLVWRU\GRFXPHQWDULHV

,WZDVDOHVVRQIRUPHWKDWRQHVKRXOGUHDOO\QHYHUGRWKLVDQ\PRUHLQWKLVPDQQHU7R DOORZDQH[WHUQDOSURGXFHUDODUJHH[WHUQDOSURGXFHUWRGRVXFKDELJMRE%XWWKHUH ZDVQRWKLQJWKDWFRXOGEHGRQHDERXWLW,WZDVWKHLULQLWLDWLYH7KH\ZHUHGRLQJLWZHUH ORRNLQJIRUDEURDGFDVWHUDQGFDPHWRXVDQGVXEVHTXHQWO\,ZDQWHGWRGRLWDELWOLNH WKHAndere TijdenVFKRRO7KDWLVYHU\OLPLWHG7KDWDFWXDOO\KDVIDLOHG1HYHUWKHOHVVLW ZDVYHU\LPSRUWDQWIRUXVWROLQNRXUQDPHWRLWDQGWR SXWRXUVHOYHVRQWKHPDS :H EURDGFDVWWKHODUJHVFDOH'XWFKKLVWRU\GRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV,WZDVLQWKHcanon-SHULRG >«@ ,W >+(7 9(5/('(1 9$1 1('(5/$1'@ ZDV DFWXDOO\ UHFHLYHG TXLWH ZHOO , P\VHOI IRXQG«,ZDVQRWVDWLVILHGZLWKLWEXWWKDWKDGPDLQO\WRGRZLWKWKHIDFWWKDW,VDZ WKDWDWWKDWWLPHWKHSURGXFWLRQUHPDLQHGXQGHUSDUWKHSURGXFWLRQSURFHVVZDVQRWXS WRVWDQGDUG1RWHIILFLHQWDORWRIPRQH\ORVWE\FDUHOHVVSURGXFLQJHWFHWHUD:KDWLV TXLWH UHPDUNDEOH EHFDXVH WKH LPDJH WKDW DOZD\V FRPHV LQWR EHLQJ LV WKDW H[WHUQDO SURGXFHUVDUHWKHSLQQDFOHRIHIILFLHQF\ZKLOVWWKHSXEOLFEURDGFDVWLQJRUJDQLVDWLRQDOO WKHEURDGFDVWHUVDUHMXVWWKURZLQJRQH VPRQH\DERXW1RZ,VDZWKDWLWZDVSUHFLVHO\ WKHRWKHUZD\URXQG7KHefficientDQGdisciplinedZD\RIZRUNLQJDW$1'(5(7,-'(1 ZKLFKSHRSOHDUHIODEEHUJDVWHGE\KRZHIILFLHQWDQGVKDUSLQLWVH[DPLQDWLRQWKDWLV QRWKLQJFRPSDUHGWRWKHFRPSOHWHO\XQRUJDQLVHGFKDRVIRXQGDWWKHH[WHUQDOSURGXFHU &RPSOHWHO\FRQWUDU\YHU\LQWHUHVWLQJWRZLWQHVV  P\HPSKDVLV 

9DQ /LHPSW H[SODLQV WKH LPSRUWDQFH IRU WKH Andere Tijden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ndere TijdenVFKRRO]LHQWHNULMJHQ'DW LV]HHUEHSHUNW'DWLVHLJHQOLMNQLHWJHOXNW0DDUKHWZDVZHOKHHOEHODQJULMNGDWZLMRQVGDDUPHH YHUERQGHQHQRQVGDDUPHH RSGHNDDUW]HWWHQ :LM]HQGHQGHJURWH1HGHUODQGVH JHVFKLHGHQLVGRFXPHQWDLUHVHULHXLW+HWZDVHHQEHHWMHURQGGLHcanonWLMG>«@+HW>+(79(5/('(1 9$11('(5/$1'@LVHLJHQOLMNRRNZHOJRHGRQWYDQJHQ,NYRQG]HOI«,NZDVHUKHOHPDDOQLHW]R WHYUHGHQRYHUPDDUGDWKDGYRRUDOWHPDNHQPHWKHWIHLWGDWLNWRHQ]DJGDWGHSURGXFWLHYHURQGHUGH PDDWKHWSURGXFWLHSURFHVYHURQGHUGHPDDWEOHHI1LHWHIILFLsQWYHHOJHOGYHUORUHQJHJDDQGRRU RQ]RUJYXOGLJSURGXFHUHQHQ]RYRRUW:DWKHHORSPHUNHOLMNLVZDQWKHWEHHOGGDWDOWLMGRQWVWDDWLVGDW H[WHUQHSURGXFHQWHQKHWWRSSXQWYDQHIILFLsQWLH]LMQHQGHSXEOLHNHRPURHSDOGLHRPURHSHQPDDU HHQEHHWMHJHOGRYHUGHEDON]LWWHQWHJRRLHQ(QQX]DJLNGDWKHWSUHFLHVDQGHUVRPZDV'HHIILFLsQWH HQJHGLVFLSOLQHHUGHPDQLHUYDQZHUNHQYDQ$1'(5(7,-'(1ZDDULHGHUHHQHFKWYDQDFKWHURYHUVODDW ]RJHGLVFLSOLQHHUGDOVGDWJDDW]RVFKHUSGDWZRUGWEHNHNHQQLHWWHYHUJHOLMNHQLVPHWGHYRONRPHQ FKDRWLVFKHSXLQKRSHQGLHMHELM]R QH[WHUQHSURGXFHQWDDQWURI9RONRPHQFRQWUDLUKHHOLQWHUHVVDQWRP WH]LHQ 

    PHPEHUV KDYH FRQVLGHUDEOH UHDVRQV QRW WR PHHW WKHVH UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV WKHVH ZRXOG EH PRWLYDWHGLQZULWLQJ,QWKLVPDQQHUWKHSRZHURIGHFLVLRQZDVQRWZLWKWKHLQVWLWXWLRQWKDW IXQGV WKH SURMHFW EXW VWD\HG ZLWK WKH 136 ± LQ SDUWLFXODU ZLWK WKH HGLWRULQFKLHI DQG WKH JHQHUDOHGLWRULQFKLHI7KLVUHJXODWLRQKDVEHFRPHDVRUWRIPRGHOFRQWUDFWIRUWKLVNLQGRI SURMHFWVOLNHIRULQVWDQFH'(225/2*DQG,1'(225/2*7KLVZD\RISURGXFLQJKDVDOVRLQ JHQHUDOEHFRPHWKHFRXUVHIRUWKHFUHDWRUV KLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJRQ'XWFKSXEOLFEURDGFDVW WHOHYLVLRQOwn authority first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ndere TijdenVFKRRO ZDV VWLOO SDUWO\ SURGXFHG ZLWK WKH KHOS RI JRYHUQPHQWIXQGLQJ+RZHYHUVLQFHWKHJRYHUQPHQWRSWHGRXWRIWKHIXQGLQJRIWHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPHVLQVXFKDGLUHFWPDQQHUWKLVRSWLRQKDVEHHQVKXWIRUQHZSURJUDPPHV   7H[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHDLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV   7KHGLIIHUHQWUROHVRIWKHSUHVHQWHU 7KH QDUUDWLYH VWUDWHJ\ RI $1'(5( 7,-'(1 FRPSULVHV D IRFXV RQ WZHQWLHWK FHQWXU\ KLVWRU\D WRSLFDO FRQQHFWLRQ ZLWK FXUUHQW HYHQWV DUFKLYDO IRRWDJH RUDO KLVWRU\ LQWHUYLHZV ZLWK D contextual frameworkSURYLGHGE\WKHSUHVHQWHU$VDPRQJVWRWKHUV(ULQ%HOOKDVDUJXHG YLHZHUVDUHXVXDOO\HQFRXUDJHGWRVHHWHVWLPRQLHVE\SUHVHQWHUVDVZHOODVH\HZLWQHVVHV WKH ODWWHU WR EH IXUWKHU GLVFXVVHG EHORZ  DV DXWKHQWLF DXWKRULWDWLYH DQG XQLTXH EXW WKLV LV SUREOHPDWLVHGE\WKHIDFWWKDWVXFKWHVWLPRQLHVPXVWRIWHQEHDUZLWQHVVIRURWKHUV+RZHYHU %HOO V ZRUN KDV DOVR SRLQWHG WR WKH IDFW WKDW FKDQJHV LQ WKH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI WKH SDVW RQ

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elevising History: Mediating the Past in Postwar EuropeHG(ULQ%HOODQG$QQ*UD\ %DVLQJVWRNH +DPSVKLUH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 

  

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« ZKLFKKHGHQRXQFHVDV ERULQJIRUYLHZHUV 2QWKH RWKHU KDQG GRFXPHQWDU\ PDNHUV DOVR KDYH WKH RSWLRQ WR VWDUW WKH HSLVRGH ZLWK VSHFWDFXODU LPDJHVDQGVRXQGVEXWWKLVOHDYHVWKHYLHZHUVDWDORVVIRUWKHILUVWPLQXWHVRIWKHSURJUDPPH UHJDUGLQJWKHFRQWHQWRIWKHHSLVRGHV

,GRQRWSUHIHUHLWKHURIWKHVHWZRRSWLRQVVR,IRUPXODWHGIRUP\VHOIZKHQSXWWLQJWKH ILUVW WKRXJKWV DERXW $1'(5( 7,-'(1 RQ SDSHU WKH SUHVHQWHU VKRXOG WDNH FDUH RI WKH FRQWH[WDQGWKLVKDVWKHEHQHILWWKDWWKHILOPPHDQLQJWKHYLGHRSDUWRI$1'(5(7,-'(1 LV DEOH WR EHJLQ ZKHUH LW VKRXOG EHJLQ $QG FDQ VWDUW LQ DQ HQWHUWDLQLQJ ZD\ RU DQ LQWHUHVWLQJRUVXVSHQVHIXOZD\>«@EHFDXVHE\WKHQ\RXDOUHDG\NQRZWKHWRSLFDQG ZKDW\RXQHHGWRZDWFKRXWIRU>«@8VXDOO\WKLVFDQEHYHU\ERULQJEXWLI\RXKDYHD JRRGSUHVHQWHUZKRLPPHGLDWHO\GUDZVLQWKHDXGLHQFHDQGWLHVWKHPWRKLPKHUVHOI \RX LPPHGLDWHO\ VROYH WKLV GLOHPPD >«@ :H KDYH JUDGXDOO\ GLVFRYHUHG WKDW WKH SUHVHQWDWLRQDOVRQHHGVWREHPRUHYLVXDO 

,Q$1'(5(7,-'(1WKHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQGYRLFHRYHUQDUUDWLRQE\KLVWRULDQDQGELRJUDSKHU+DQV *RHGNRRS SURYLGHV WKH IUDPH  WKURXJK DQ LQWURGXFWLRQ PLGSRLQW DQG FRQFOXVLRQ ,Q HDFK HSLVRGH*RHGNRRSSUHVHQWVKLPVHOIDVDQexpert social commentatorUDWKHUWKDQDVDQLQYROYHG SDUWLFLSDQW7KHUHDUHQRLQWHUYLHZVZLWKWKHIHDWXUHGH\HZLWQHVVHV±WKHUHDUHDOVRSUDFWLFDO UHDVRQVIRUWKLVDVZLOOEHGLVFXVVHGEHORZ+LVSRVLWLRQDVDQH[SHUWLVUHDIILUPHGE\WKHIDFW WKDW*RHGNRRSZULWHVKLVRZQSUHVHQWDWLRQWH[WV±DQH[FHSWLRQUDWKHUWKDQWKHUXOHLQWKH'XWFK WHOHYLVXDOODQGVFDSH )URPWKHRXWVHWWKHFUHDWRUVKDYHRXWOLQHGWKHQHFHVVLW\RIDSUHVHQWHUZLWKFDUU\LQJ SRZHU7KLVKDVPXOWLSOHEHQHILWVLQWHUPVRIYLHZHULGHQWLILFDWLRQ,QIRUPDWLRQWKDWSURYLGHV WKHFRQWH[WRIDJLYHQKLVWRU\LVRIWHQTXLWHIDFWXDODQGQRWYHU\FRPSHOOLQJWRYLHZHUV7KH FUHDWRUVWKHUHIRUHDUJXHWKDWVXFKLQIRUPDWLRQVKRXOGUDWKHUEHWROGE\VRPHRQHWKDW\RXOLNHWR

 ,ELG $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW-XQH4XRWHLQ'XWFK >,@NYLQGKHWDOOHEHLQLHW WHYHUNLH]HQGXVLNKHEWRHQLQGHHHUVWHJHGDFKWHYRUPLQJRYHU$1'(5(7,-'(1RSSDSLHUJH]HWHQ YRRUPH]HOIJHIRUPXOHHUG$OVMHHHQSUHVHQWDWRUQHHPWGDQQHHPWGLHGHFRQWH[WYRRU]LMQUHNHQLQJ HQGDWKHHIWDOVYRRUGHHOGDWGHILOPGXVKHWYLGHRJHGHHOWHYDQ$1'(5(7,-'(1NDQEHJLQQHQZDDU KHWKRRUWWHEHJLQQHQ(QGXVOHXNNDQEHJLQQHQLQWHUHVVDQWNDQEHJLQQHQVSDQQHQGNDQEHJLQQHQ >«@ZDQWMHZHHWGDQDOZDDUKHWRYHUJDDWHQZDDUMHRSPRHWOHWWHQ>«@>1@RUPDDONDQGDWKHHOVDDL ]LMQPDDUDOVMHGDWGRRUHHQJRHGHSUHVHQWDWRUGLHGHNLMNHUPHWHHQQDDU]LFKWRHWUHNWHQELQGWGDQ ORVMHGDWSUREOHHPGDQKHEMHGDWGLOHPPDJHZRRQRSJHORVW>«@>*@DDQGHZHJKHEEHQZLMRQWGHNW GDWGLHSUHVHQWDWLHRRNZDWYLVXHOHUPRHW]LMQ 

   

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context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

 9DQ/LHPSW +HWJHKHLPYDQKHWKLVWRULVFKEHHOG  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV (HQYRRUW]HWWLQJYDQGHGLVFXVVLHRYHU2979 -DQXDU\4XRWHLQ 'XWFK GHJHSDVVLRQHHUGHGHVNXQGLJH  $GYDQ/LHPSW 'H6WRULDQRWLWLH -XO\±$GYDQ/LHPSW $QGHUH7LMGHQ  1RYHPEHU± 9DQ/LHPSW $QGHUH7LMGHQ 1RYHPEHU4XRWHLQ'XWFK %LMYULMZHOHONLQIRUPDWLHI SURJUDPPDRSWHOHYLVLHHQHLJHQOLMNRRNELMYULMZHOHONRQGHUZHUSLQPDJD]LQHVRIEXOOHWLQVEOLMILN PHWppQRIPHHUYUDJHQDFKWHU$QGHUH7LMGHQ]RXGDDUQXHHQVHHQXLW]RQGHULQJRSPRHWHQYRUPHQ  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\6XFKYLHZHUFULWLFLVPLV LQWHUHVWLQJLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKWKHIROORZLQJSUDLVHIURPWKH=LOYHUHQ1LSNRZVFKLMI-XU\5DSSRUW LQ 'XWFK  1RRLWKHIIHQGHSURJUDPPDPDNHUVHHQYLQJHUWMHRIPDQHQOHVVHQWHWUHNNHQXLWKHWYHUOHGHQ (ULVJHHQVSUDNHYDQPRUDOLVPHPDDUVOHFKWVYDQSXUHIHLWHQRYHUGUDFKW+LVWRULVFKHMRXUQDOLVWLHNLQ GH]XLYHUVWHVRRUWHQRSHHQFRQVWDQWKRRJQLYHDX 6HH $QGHUH7LMGHQ Nipkowschijf Homepage 1RYHPEHUKWWSZZZQLSNRZVFKLMIQO 6HHDOVR-RKQ&RUQHU 2QFH8SRQD7LPH9LVXDO'HVLJQDQG'RFXPHQWDU\2SHQLQJV LQ Televising History: Mediating the Past in Postwar EuropeHG(ULQ%HOODQG$QQ*UD\ %DVLQJVWRNH +DPSVKLUH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ ± 0DDUWHQ1RRWHUDQG$GYDQ/LHPSW $QGHUH7LMGHQ6SRUWGHUGHYHUVLH )HEUXDU\4XRWH LQ'XWFK 'DDUGRRUNDQGHUHSRUWDJHGDDUEHJLQQHQZDDUKHWYHUKDDOEHJLQW]RGDWHUDOOHUOHL VSDQQLQJVYHUKRJHQGHYHUWHOPHWKRGHQNXQQHQZRUGHQWRHJHSDVW 

  

$1'(5(7,-'(1KDVPDGHWKHGHOLEHUDWHFKRLFHWRLQFOXGHWKHSUHVHQWHULQWKHLPDJHDW VSHFLILF PRPHQWV RI WKH EURDGFDVW )RU H[DPSOH )LJXUH  UHYHDOV KRZ WKH VFUHHQ LQ 9(5%2'(1 9225 '8,76(56 .$7(1'5(&+7 ,1 225/2*67,-' >12 *(50$16 .$7(1'5(&+7 '85,1* 7+( :$5@ 1369352  $SULO   DW D FHUWDLQ SRLQW FRQVLVWV RI ERWK DUFKLYDO IRRWDJHDVZHOODVQHZO\VKRWIRRWDJHRI*RHGNRRSSUHVHQWLQJIURPWKH1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWH IRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ±LQFOXGLQJYLVLWRUVMXVWDERXWYLVLEOHLQWKHWRSULJKWFRUQHU 

 )LJ  3UHVHQWHU +DQV *RHGNRRS LQ $1'(5( 7,-'(1 HSLVRGH 9(5%2'(1 9225 '8,76(56 .$7(1'5(&+7,1225/2*67,-'&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ:HEVLWH FDSWXUH 

 )LJ3UHVHQWHU+DQV*RHGNRRSLQ$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGH '(%(=(77,1* 9$1/2('(-21* &RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ:HEVLWHFDSWXUH  ,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDWDVDSUHVHQWHU*RHGNRRSGRHVQRWWDNHRQWKHUROHRID UHVHDUFKHURQORFDWLRQLQWKHWUDGLWLRQDOVHQVH+HUHSRUWVIURPWKHVLWHWKDWSURYLGHVWKHXOWLPDWH DFFHVVWRKLVWRU\DQGPHPRU\LQWKH1HWKHUODQGVWKHDUFKLYHVRIWKH1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHRI

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±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

+DQV*RHGNRRS>DWWKH1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQDUFKLYDOLPDJHV VFUHHQHGLQWKHEDFNJURXQG@ 7KH6HFRQG:DUDFFRUGLQJWRD\RXQJVWHULQ*RRG HYHQLQJ$EURDGFDVWLQWKHFRQWH[WRI5HPHPEUDQFH'D\WKDW\HDU)LIWHHQ\HDUVDIWHU WKH HQG RI WKH ZDU DQG LQ WKRVH \HDUV QRW WKDW PXFK WDONHG DERXW 7KH SRVWZDU UHFRQVWUXFWLRQFDPHILUVWZHORRNHGDKHDGQRWEDFNZDUGVDQGZHGLGQRWZKLQH>«@ ,Q WKH FDVH RI RXU YLHZ RI WKH RFFXSDWLRQ ZKRVH YLHZ VKRXOG WKDWEH"7KDWRIWKH FRPPXQLVWVZKRZHUHWKHILUVWWRRSHQO\VKRZUHVLVWDQFHWKH16%VXSSRUWHUVZKRZHUH FDPSIROORZHUVWKH-HZVZKRKDGORVWHYHU\WKLQJRUWKHSHRSOHZKRRQWKHFRQWUDU\ JRWRIIVFRWIUHH"$OOWKHVHLPDJHVH[LVWHGVLGHE\VLGHDQGHYHQULYDOOHGHDFKRWKHU 4XLWHSDLQIXODFWXDOO\$QGDQRYHUDOOSLFWXUHZDVPLVVLQJ7KDWZDVWKHVLWXDWLRQLQ $OPRVWLPSRVVLEOHWRLPDJLQHEXWWKHUHZDVQRQDWLRQDOLPDJHRIWKHZDU7KDW VWLOOKDGWREHFUHDWHG 

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«@$OVKHWJLQJRPRQVEHHOGYDQGHEH]HWWLQJZLHQVEHHOGPRHVWGDW]LMQ"'DWYDQGH

  

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past tense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

 FRPPXQLVWHQGLHDOVHHUVWHQRSHQOLMNYHU]HWKDGGHQJHWRRQGYDQGH16% HUVGLHMXLVWPHHKDGGHQ JHORSHQYDQGHMRGHQGLHDOOHVZDUHQNZLMWJHUDDNWYDQGHPHQVHQGLHHUMXLVW]RQGHUNOHHUVFKHXUHQ ZDUHQGRRUJHNRPHQ"$OGLHEHHOGHQOHHIGHQQDDVWHONDDU]HOIVDOVFRQFXUUHQWHQWHJHQRYHUHONDDU9ULM SLMQOLMNHLJHQOLMN(QKHWRQWEUDNDDQHHQWRWDDOEHHOG'DWZDVGHVLWXDWLHURQG+DDVWQLHWYRRUWH VWHOOHQPDDUHUZDVJHZRRQJHHQQDWLRQDDOEHHOGYDQGHRRUORJ'DWPRHVWQRJJHPDDNW &LWHGLQ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HEH]HWWLQJ YDQ/RHGH-RQJ > 7KH2FFXSDWLRQE\ $XWKRU/RHGH-RQJ @GLU)HPNH9HOWPDQ13693522FWREHU 0DUXãD3XãQLN 'RFXPHQWDULHVDQG0HGLDWHG3RSXODU+LVWRULHV6KDSLQJ0HPRULHVDQG,PDJHVRI 6ORYHQLD V3DVW LQTechnologies of Memory in the ArtsHG/LHGHNH3ODWHDQG$QQHNH6PHOLN %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ ±$QGHUVRQ +LVWRU\79DQG3RSXODU0HPRU\  *DU\5(GJHUWRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ7HOHYLVLRQDV+LVWRULDQ$'LIIHUHQW.LQGRI+LVWRU\$OWRJHWKHU LQ Television Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media AgeHG*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU& 5ROOLQV /H[LQJWRQ.<8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRI.HQWXFN\ 

    DV UHDOLVWLF DV SRVVLEOH IRU WKH YLHZHU  :KDW DUH WKH GLIIHUHQW IXQFWLRQV RI WKH UHXVH RI DUFKLYDOIRRWDJHLQORQJUXQQLQJZHHNO\KLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJ" 7RVWDUWZLWKDUFKLYDOIRRWDJHFDQVHUYHDVvisible evidence$UFKLYDOIRRWDJHLQJHQHUDO VHUYHVDPDLQIXQFWLRQDVWKHPDMRUVWDUWLQJSRLQWIRUWKHQDUUDWLRQRIDSDUWLFXODUKLVWRULFDO HYHQW1DWLRQDOQHZVEURDGFDVWVWKURXJKRXWWKH\HDUVKDYHVHUYHGPRUHDQGPRUHDVWKHPDLQ LQIRUPDWLRQVRXUFHIRUPDVVDXGLHQFHV%\WDNLQJWKLVVRXUFHDVDVWDUWLQJSRLQWWKHSURJUDPPH PDNHUVFDQHDVLO\UHIHUWRLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWLVJHQHUDOO\NQRZQDERXWWKHVXEMHFW$1'(5(7,-'(1 IRULQVWDQFHXVHVQDWLRQDOQHZVEURDGFDVWVOLNHWKH126-2851$$/>1261(:6@,Q'(225/2* HSLVRGH 225/2* ,1 ,1',É >:$5 ,1 7+( '87&+ ($67 ,1',(6@ 136  'HFHPEHU   ,QGRQHVLDQ-DSDQHVHFLQHPDQHZVUHHOVDUHXVHGDVRQXVRISURRIDQGWKHUHIRUHWDNHRQDQHZ KLVWRULFDOVLJQLILFDQFH7KHVHQHZVUHHOVLQLWLDOO\DUULYHGLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVDVVSRLOVRIZDUDQG LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH RFFXSDWLRQ ZHUH UHJDUGHG DV -DSDQHVH SURSDJDQGD RQO\+RZHYHU -DQVHQ+HQGULNVLVVSHFLDOLVHGLQFRORQLDOSURSDJDQGDILOPVDWWKHWLPHRIWKH,QGRQHVLDQ:DU RI,QGHSHQGHQFHDQGZLWKKHURZQSHUVSHFWLYHDQGWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIDODWHUJHQHUDWLRQDUJXHV

%XWWKH\>FLQHPDQHZVUHHOV@VKRZH[SOLFLWO\KRZZHOOWKH-DSDQHVHPDQDJHGWRZLQWKH ,QGRQHVLDQHOLWHRYHUDQGWREXLOGDQHZVRUWDVRYHUHLJQVWDWHRIWKHLURZQFDUHIXOO\ FHQVXUHGE\-DSDQHWFHWHUDEXWLWVKRZVWKH\JHWWKHLURZQSDUOLDPHQWDQGWKLVDQG WKDW«DWWKDWWLPHLWGLGQ WDSSHDUWREHYHU\VLJQLILFDQWEXWLWVKRZVH[SOLFLWO\ZK\ DIWHU:RUOG:DU,,WKHWZR'XWFKFRORQLDOZRUOGVWKH'XWFK(DVW,QGLHVDQG,QGRQHVLD KDGJURZQVRPXFKDSDUW7KH'XWFKDWKRPHUHDOO\GLGQRWKDYHDFOXH$QGWKHQ\RX KDYHWKHVHFLQHPDQHZVUHHOVDWKDQGZKLFKVKRZWKLVEULOOLDQWO\ 

$VDUHVXOWDUFKLYDOIRRWDJHFDQOLWHUDOO\DQGSK\VLFDOO\IXQFWLRQDVHYLGHQFHWKDWDFHUWDLQHYHQW KDVWDNHQSODFH±WRWKHH[WHQWWKDWZKDWWKHFDPHUDPDQKDVILOPHGWKURXJKKLVRUKHUOHQVFDQ KHOSWRSURYLGHDUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIDKLVWRULFDOHYHQW $UFKLYDOPDWHULDOLVDQLPSRUWDQWtriggerIRUUHPHPEHULQJ$VWULG(UOOKDVSRLQWHGRXW KRZ PHGLD FDQ IXQFWLRQ DV cues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« WRHQVWHOGHGDWDOOHPDDOQRJQLNVYRRUPDDUKHWLVDOOHPDDOZHOWHUYHUNODULQJYDQZDDURPQDGH RRUORJGLHZHUHOGHQYDQKHW1HGHUODQGVNRORQLDOHKHW1HGHUODQGV,QGLsHQ,QGRQHVLs]RWRWDDOXLW HONDDUZDUHQJHJURHLG'DDUKDGGHQGH1HGHUODQGHUVHFKWJHHQLGHHYDQ(QGDDU]LMQGDQGLH ELRVFRRSMRXUQDDOVGLHODWHQGDWKHHOPRRLWH]LHQ  $VWULG(UOOMemory in Culture %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 

  

V,QWKLVHSLVRGHWKHILUVWLQWHUYLHZWDNHVSODFHZLWK5HQp.RNIURPWKH,QVWLWXXWYRRU 2RUORJV+RORFDXVWHQ*HQRFLGHVWXGLHV 1,2' >,QVWLWXWHIRU:DU+RORFDXVWDQG*HQRFLGH 6WXGLHV@DWWKH1,2'DUFKLYHV+HUH/RHGH-RQJ VSHUVRQDODUFKLYHKDVEHHQSUHVHUYHGDIWHU KLVGHDWK.RNVKRZVWKHWHOHYLVLRQPDQXVFULSWVRI'(%(=(77,1*

:HOOWKLVLVHK/RHGH-RQJ VSHUVRQDODUFKLYH,WZDVDWKLVKRPHXQWLOKLVGHDWKDQG QRZLW VKHUH,WFRQWDLQVKLVHDUOLHVWPDQXVFULSWVRI'(%(=(77,1*(KLWLVKDQGZULWWHQ KHDOZD\VGLGWKLVRQO\KLVVHFUHWDU\FRXOGUHDGKLVKDQGZULWLQJDQGVKHW\SHGLWRXW 

6XEVHTXHQWO\WKHIHPDOH$1'(5(7,-'(1LQWHUYLHZHUUHVHDUFKHU>RXWVLGHIUDPH@DVNV.RNWR UHDGRXWWKHILUVWVHQWHQFHRIWKHILUVWHSLVRGHLQWKHPDQXVFULSWZKLFK.RNGRHV>)LJ@

.RN>QDUUDWLRQRXWVLGHIUDPHVKRWRIPDQXVFULSWZLWKWH[W@ 7KHILUVWVHQWHQFHLV«7KH GD\VRI0D\(YHU\ERG\ZKRH[SHULHQFHGWKHPDVDFRQFHUQHGKXPDQEHLQJZLOO EHIXOORIPHPRULHV 

$WWKLVSRLQWWKHVKRWRIWKHPDQXVFULSWIDGHVWRDUFKLYDOIRRWDJHRIWKHILUVWHSLVRGHRI'( %(=(77,1*>)LJ@DQG.RN VYRLFHIDGHVLQWR/RHGH-RQJ VYRLFHGXULQJWKHVHQWHQFH « ZLOOEHIXOORIPHPRULHV 

$UFKLYDOPDWHULDO>EODFNDQGZKLWH@RIWKHILUVWHSLVRGHRI'(%(=(77,1*/RHGH-RQJ >VLWWLQJEHKLQGDGHVN@FRQWLQXHV «ZLOOEHIXOORIPHPRULHV$WWKHWLPH,OLYHGLQ $PVWHUGDPDWWKH6XULQDPH6TXDUH$QGHYHU\WLPH,YLVLWWKLVSODFHDQGORRNLQWRWKH VN\,NQRZWKDWZDVPHWKDWPRUQLQJRIWKHWKRI0D\DWIRXUR FORFN0\ZLIHDQG ,ZHUHVKDNHQDZDNHE\ERPEV$QGVKHZDVWKHILUVWWRUHDOLVH,WLVZDU >)LJ@

$UFKLYDOIRRWDJHLVDPDLQLQVWUXPHQWRIFDUU\LQJWKHDXGLHQFHEDFNLQWRWKHSDVW$UFKLYDO IRRWDJHDOVRUHSUHVHQWVWKHtestimonyRIWKRVHZKRDUHQRORQJHUZLWKXV /RQJUXQQLQJ ZHHNO\ KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPLQJ DOVR SHUIRUPV memory narratives about televisionRUPRUHDFFXUDWHO\WHOHYLVLRQVRZQSDVW ±DSUDFWLFHWKDWLVPRUHFRQYHQWLRQDOO\ SHUIRUPHGE\UHWURWHOHYLVLRQDQGFRXQWGRZQWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHV%\MX[WDSRVLQJUHFHQWO\ ILOPHGVHTXHQFHV±*RHGNRRS VSUHVHQWDWLRQDWWKH1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ LQWHUYLHZVZLWKNH\ZLWQHVVHVDWKRPH±ZLWKDVWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHOLNH'(%(=(77,1* YLHZHUVRI $1'(5(7,-'(1DUHVLPXOWDQHRXVO\FRQIURQWHGZLWKWHOHYLVLRQ VSDVWDQGSUHVHQW )LJXUHDQGVKRZKRZLQ'(%(=(77,1*/RHGH-RQJDVDKLVWRULDQDQGQDUUDWRUWDNHV

 4XRWHLQ'XWFK 1RXGLWLVHKKHWSHUVRRQOLMNDUFKLHIYDQ/RHGH-RQJ+HHIWDOWLMGELMKHPWKXLV JHVWDDQWRW]LMQRYHUOLMGHQHQQXVWDDWKHWKLHU(QGDDULQ]LWWHQGHYURHJVWHPDQXVFULSWHQYDQ'( %(=(77,1*(KKLMKHHIWKHWPHWGHKDQGJHVFKUHYHQGDWGHHGLHDOWLMG]LMQVHFUHWDUHVVHGLHZDVGH HQLJHGLH]LMQKDQGVFKULIWNRQOH]HQGLHKHHIWKHWXLWJHWLNW &LWHGLQAndere tijdenHSLVRGH 'H EH]HWWLQJ YDQ/RHGH-RQJ  4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'HHHUVWH]LQLV«'HPHLGDJHQYDQ,HGHUHHQGLH]HEHOHHIGKHHIWDOVEHZXVW PHQV]LWERRUGHYROKHULQQHULQJHQ &LWHGLQ,ELG 4XRWHLQ'XWFK «]LWERRUGHYROKHULQQHULQJHQ,NZRRQGHWRHQLQ$PVWHUGDPDDQKHW 6XULQDPHSOHLQ(QLHGHUHNHHUDOVLNGDDUQXQRJYRRUELMNRPHQLNNLMNQDDUERYHQGDQZHHWLNGDDU ZDVLNGLHRFKWHQGYDQGHHPHLRPXXU:HZHUGHQJHZHNWPLMQYURXZHQLNGRRUGH ERPPHQ(Q]LMZDVGHHHUVWHGLHGHFRQFOXVLHWURN+HWLVRRUORJ &LWHGLQ,ELG

    RQWKHUROHRIWKHXOWLPDWHVFKRROWHDFKHUVLWWLQJEHKLQGDGHVNDQGFRQVWUXFWLQJKLVVWRU\ZLWK WKHXVHRIPDSVDQGSKRWRV

/RHGH-RQJ>QH[WWRODUJHPDSRIWKH1HWKHUODQGV@ 7KHQ,ZRXOGOLNHWRSRLQWRXWWR \RX KRZ WKH 'XWFK GHIHQVLYH WURRSV ZHUH VLWXDWHG ,Q WKH ILUVW SODFH WKHUH ZHUH >HPSKDVLVHV@ border battalions ERUGHU EDWWDOLRQV ZKR KDG WR IRUP D VRUW RI OLQH RI GHIHQFH DORQJ RXU ERUGHUV 7KUHH LQ WKH (DVW >GUDZV  RQ PDS@ $QG ILYH LQ WKH SURYLQFHRI*HOGHUODQG>GUDZVRQPDS@ >)LJ@

7KHQHZO\ILOPHGVHTXHQFHVLQWKHSURJUDPPHGRQRWRQO\YLVXDOO\GLIIHUIURPWKHVHLPDJHV± EODFNDQGZKLWHYHUVXVFRORXUORZTXDOLW\RILPDJHVYHUVXVKLJKTXDOLW\±EXWLWLVFOHDUWKDW WHOHYLVLRQ VVW\OHDQGFRQYHQWLRQVIRUWHDFKLQJKLVWRU\KDYHFKDQJHGRYHUWKH\HDUV 

 )LJ)LJ 

 )LJ)LJ  )LJ  6WLOOV IURP $1'(5( 7,-'(1 '( %(=(77,1*  9$1 /2( '( -21* &RXUWHV\ RI 1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ:HEVLWHFDSWXUHV  $UFKLYDOIRRWDJHSURYLGHVDFFHVVWRKLVWRU\E\RIIHULQJYLHZHUVDvisual representation RI WKH SDVW ,PDJHV RI WKH SDVW KHOS WR FRQVWUXFW YHUVLRQV RI UHDOLW\ $UFKLYHEDVHG KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPLQJRQWHOHYLVLRQGRHVQRWRQO\MXVWRIIHULPDJHVDVYLVLEOHHYLGHQFHEXWWKHVHLPDJHV IURPSUHYLRXVWLPHVDUH PHDQWWRKHOSWRHYRNHemotions and sentimentsRIWKHHYHQWDVD  4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'DQZLOLNXHYHQWHODWHQ]LHQKRHLQGLWJHELHGGH1HGHUODQGVHWURHSHQZDUHQ LQJHSODDWVWGLHGHYHUGHGLJLQJPRHVWHQYRHUHQ' UZDUHQLQGHHHUVWHSODDWVgrensbataljons >HPSKDVLVHV@JUHQVEDWDOMRQVGLHGXVHHQVRRUWYHLOLJKHLGVFRUGRQYRUPGHQRPRQ]HJUHQ]HQKHHQ' U VWRQGHQGULHYDQGLHEDWDOMRQVKLHULQKHWRRVWHQ>GUDZVRQPDS@(UZDUHQYLMILQ*HOGHUODQG >GUDZVRQPDS@ &LWHGLQ,ELG

  

KLVWRULFDOexperience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±UDQJLQJIURPDXWKHQWLFV\QFKURQRXVUHFRUGLQJVWRYRLFHRYHU PXVLF DQG VRXQG HIIHFWV ±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availability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±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

 *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\ /HR0XUUD\ &OXHVLQWKH/LEUDU\)LFWLRQ7HFKQLTXHVLQWKH1RQ)LFWLRQ)LOP6RXQGWUDFN$UFKLYH  SDSHU1(&6&RQIHUHQFH $UFKLYHRIIRUWKH)XWXUH SDQHO 6RXQGLQJ2XWWKH$UFKLYH6RQLF 5H 3UHVHQWDWLRQVRIWKH3DVW àyGĨ3RODQG-XQH  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK «ZDDUELM LNRYHULJHQVZHOZLO]HJJHQGDWKHWEHHOGGDQDOWLMGZLQWKq  4XRWHLQ'XWFK (HQVLQGH]RYHHOWLMGEUHQJHQZHXHHQYHUKDDOQLHWRPGDWHUHHQGLUHFWHRRU]DDN YRRULVPDDUJHZRRQRPGDWKHWHHQYHUKDDOLVGDWRRLWYHUWHOGPRHWZRUGHQ(HQYHUKDDOZDDUYDQMH QLHWNXQWYRRUVWHOOHQGDWQLHWLHGHUHHQKHWDOZHHW &LWHGLQAndere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HRQGHUJDQJYDQGH-XQ\R0DUX > 7KH6KLSZUHFNRIWKH-XQ\R0DUX @GLU$GYDQ/LHPSW 1369352)HEUXDU\

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it was history>«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±OHVVEXGJHWPHDQVWKDWDQHYHQ JUHDWHU SRUWLRQ RI WKH VFUHHQHG PDWHULDOV LV VHOHFWHG IURP WKH DUFKLYHV RI WKH 1HWKHUODQGV

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\ &LWHGLQAndere tijdenHSLVRGH 'HRQGHUJDQJYDQGH-XQ\R0DUX  0DUFHO*RHGKDUW +RHMHGRGHJHVFKLHGHQLVWRWOHYHQZHNW De Slavernij Homepage6HSWHPEHU KWWSGHVODYHUQLMQWUQOKRHMHGRGHJHVFKLHGHQLVWRWOHYHQZHNW /L]]\YDQ:LQVHQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW0D\9DQ:LQVHQVWXGLHG)LOPDQG 7HOHYLVLRQ6WXGLHVDQG0HGLD6WXGLHVDW8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\)URPVKHVWDUWHGKHUFDUHHUDVDQ LPDJHUHVHDUFKHUDW1361759352DQGVLQFHVKHKDVEHHQZRUNLQJDVDSURJUDPPHPDNHU DQGUHVHDUFKHUIRU$1'(5(7,-'(1

  

,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQGLJLWDOLVDWLRQRIDXGLRYLVXDOFROOHFWLRQVTXDOLW\DQGRIFRXUVH WLPH$1'(5(7,-'(1UHTXLUHVDSSUR[LPDWHO\VL[ZHHNVLQSURGXFLQJDQHSLVRGHEXWHSLVRGHV DUHDOVRSURGXFHGLQOHVVWLPHGXHWRWKHSURJUDPPH VFRQQHFWLRQWRWRSLFDOHYHQWV   (\HZLWQHVVDFFRXQWVDQGRQVFUHHQUHPHPEUDQFH ,QGRFXPHQWDU\SURJUDPPLQJKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVDUHRIWHQUHFRXQWHGRUSHUIRUPHGRQVFUHHQE\ SHRSOHZKRKDYHH[SHULHQFHGWKHHYHQWVWKHPVHOYHV±DIWHUDOOZKREHWWHUWRQDUUDWHDKLVWRULFDO HYHQW WKDQ VRPHRQH ZKR KDV ZLWQHVVHG WKLV ILUVWKDQG" 7KLV LV D OHDGLQJ SULQFLSOH IRU WKH Andere-TijdenVFKRRO SURJUDPPHV $1'(5( 7,-'(1 DQG '( 225/2* EXW DOVR IRU WKH 9352 GRFXPHQWDU\,1(8523$(\HZLWQHVVDFFRXQWVDUHSURYLGHGWKURXJKLQWHUYLHZV±WDONLQJKHDGV ±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structured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memory work 7KH$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGH225/2*,1%/,.>7,11(':$5@ 13693526HSWHPEHU  SURYLGHVDQH[DPSOH7KLVHSLVRGHLVSURGXFHGLQDQWLFLSDWLRQRIWKHOorlog in blik ZHEVLWHDQ RQOLQHVLWHWKDWRIIHUVDFFHVVWRWKHDXGLRYLVXDOKLVWRU\RIWKH1HWKHUODQGVLQ±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

-XQH%HUOHRILOP$QLPDJHRIGDG7KHFDPHUDRSHUDWRUWDNLQJWKHVKRWLV JODGKHDUULYHVEHVMROHPGRZQVWDLUV'DGZLWKDFLJDUHWWHLQKLVPRXWK$QGWKHPDQ EHKLQGKLPDVZHOO>'H0DUFDV2VVHGULMYHUQRZVWHSVDZD\IURPKHUQDUUDWLRQRIWKH

 -RKQ'XUKDP3HWHUV :LWQHVVLQJ Media, Culture & SocietyQR   GRL

    GHSLFWHGHYHQWVDQGWDNHVRQWKHUROHRIDVRFLDOFRPPHQWDWRU@6PRNLQJXQWLO\RXGURS GHDG 

'H 0DUFDV2VVHGULMYHU JRHV RQ WR FRQVWUXFW KHUVHOI DV D PDLQ SURWDJRQLVW ZKDW I DOVR remember… LQYLYLGGHWDLOLQILUVWSHUVRQQDUUDWLRQLQKHUGHVFULSWLRQRIWKHVSHFLILFHYHQWRI 8QFOH/HR VUHWXUQKRPHDIWHUWKHZDU

:KDW,DOVRUHPHPEHU«%XWWKLVZDVDIWHUWKHZDUZKHQ8QFOH/HRUHWXUQHGKRPH 7KH5XVVLDQVZKRFDSWXUHGWKDWFRQFHQWUDWLRQFDPSVRPHKRZIUHHG8QFOH/HR$QGKH VWDUWHG WR URDP DOO RYHU 5XVVLD WKHQ WKHUH ZDV D NQRFN DW WKH GRRU DQG ZH KHDUG VRPHERG\ FDOOLQJ GRZQVWDLUV %HUQDUG $QG %HUQDUG KHDUG P\ XQFOH V YRLFH 0\ IDWKHURIWHQFDOOHG8QFOH/HR,OO\'RQRWDVNPHZK\,OO\6RKHVDLG,OO\+HUDQ WU\WRSLFWXUHWKLVWKHVHVWHHSVWDLUVKHUDQGRZQWKHVHVWDLUV7KLVZDVUHDOO\D«LI, WU\WRSLFWXUHWKLV>EHFRPHVYLVLEO\HPRWLRQDO@WHDUVJHWLQWRP\H\HV« 

$WWKHHQGRIWKHQDUUDWLYH'H0DUFDV2VVHGULMYHUQDUUDWLRQUHFHGHV EDFN LQWR UHSHWLWLYH PHPRU\GLVFRXUVHWKHPRVWIUHTXHQWW\SHRIPHPRU\QDUUDWLYH

+H>8QFOH/HR@KDGDOLWWOHSURMHFWLRQVFUHHQ,WZDVSXWXSLQWKHOLYLQJURRPDQGWKHQ ZHVDZDOOWKHUHODWLYHVZKRZHUHQRORQJHULQRXUPLGVW 

'H0DUFDV2VVHGULMYHU VQDUUDWLRQHYRNHVGLYHUVHPHPRU\GLVFRXUVHVDQGVKRZVWKHSRZHURI ILOP DQG WHOHYLVLRQ LQ HYRNLQJ WKH SDVW LQ WKH SUHVHQW 7KLV LV QRW RQO\ H[HPSOLILHG E\ WKH GLIIHUHQWGLVFXUVLYHUHJLVWHUVRIZKDW,WHUP'H0DUFDV2VVHGULMYHU V WHOHYLVXDODXWRELRJUDSK\  EXWDOVRE\WKHILOPVDVGHVFULEHGLQWKHPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHLWVHOI «DQGWKHQZHVDZDOOWKH UHODWLYHVZKRZHUHQRORQJHULQRXUPLGVW  6RPHWLPHV WKLV VWUDWHJ\ LV FRPELQHG ZLWK WKH YLVLWLQJ RI historical locations DQG VRPHWLPHV VSHFLILF sounds SUHVHQW DW WKHVH ORFDWLRQV )RU H[DPSOH LQ WKH $1'(5( 7,-'(1 HSLVRGH '( 21792(5,1* 9$1 +(55(0$ >7+( $%'8&7,21 2) +(55(0$@ 1369352  2FWREHU WKH'XWFKEXVLQHVVPDQ7LHGH+HUUHPDYLVLWVIRUDVHFRQGWLPHWKHVLWHRIKLV  DEGXFWLRQ E\ WZR H[PHPEHUV RI WKH ,5$ 7KH HSLVRGH GHSLFWV D GLIIHUHQW NLQG RI

 4XRWHLQ'XWFK MXQL%HUOHRILOP(HQWHNHQLQJHWMHYDQSDS'HRSHUDWHXUGLHKHWRSQDP ZDVEOLMGDWKLMEHVMROHPEHQHGHQNZDP3DSDPHWHHQVLJDUHWLQ] QPRQG(QGHPDQHUDFKWHU QDWXXUOLMNRRN>'H0DUFDV2VVHGULMYHUQRZVWHSVDZD\IURPKHUQDUUDWLRQRIWKHGHSLFWHGHYHQWVDQG WDNHVRQWKHUROHRIDVRFLDOFRPPHQWDWRU@5RNHQWRWMHHUELMQHHUYDOW &LWHGLQAndere tijden >Changing Times@HSLVRGH 2RUORJLQEOLN > 7LQQHG:DU @GLU(ULN:LOOHPV1369352 6HSWHPEHU 4XRWHLQ'XWFK :DWLNPLMRRNKHULQQHU«0DDUGDWZDVGDQZHHUQDGHRRUORJWRHQRRP/HR WKXLVNZDP2RP/HRLVGXVRSGHHHQRIDQGHUHPDQLHUJHUHGGRRUGH5XVVHQGLHGDWNDPSKHEEHQ RQW]HW(QLVWRHQJDDQ]ZHUYHQGRRU5XVODQGWRHQZHUGDDQGHGHXUJHEHOGHQWRHQKRRUGHQZH EHQHGHQURHSHQ%HUQDUG(Q%HUQDUGGLHKRRUGHGHVWHPYDQPLMQRRP2RP/HRZHUGYDDNGRRU PLMQYDGHU,OO\JHQRHPG(QYUDDJPHQLHWZDDURP,OO\'XVKLM]HL,OO\+LMUDFHWHPRHWMH YRRUVWHOOHQGLHKRJHWUDSSHQKLMUDFHWHGLHWUDSSHQDI'DWZDVHFKWHHQDOVLNGDDUDDQGHQN« >EHFRPHVYLVLEO\HPRWLRQDO@PRHWLNKHHOHYHQWUDDQ« &LWHGLQ,ELG 4XRWHLQ'XWFK +LM>8QFOH/HR@KDGHHQVFKHUPSMH'DWZHUGLQGHKXLVNDPHUZHUGGDWRSJH]HW HQGDQNHNHQZHGDDUQDDU(QGDQ]DJHQZHZHHUDOGLHIDPLOLHOHGHQGLHZHQLHWPHHUKDGGHQ &LWHG LQ,ELG

  

DXWRELRJUDSKLFDOPHPRU\GLVFRXUVH+HUUHPDUHYLVLWVDQLPSRUWDQWVLWHRIPHPRU\WKHKRXVH ZKHUHWZRH[PHPEHUVRIWKH,5$KHOGKLPFDSWLYHIRUPRUHWKDQVHYHQZHHNV:KHQVWDQGLQJ LQIURQWRIWKHKRXVHLQZKLFKKHZDVLPSULVRQHGDSDVVLQJWUDLQVWDUWOHV+HUUHPD+HGHVFULEHV WKDWWKHSDVVLQJWUDLQLVVKRFNLQJWRKLPEHFDXVHWKHVRXQGRIWKHSDVVLQJWUDLQXVHGWRJLYH KLPDIULJKWLQ

$ WUDLQ SDVVHV +HUUHPD LV YLVLEO\ VWDUWOHG EXW WKHQ VPLOHV %XW WKLV LV >SRLQWV WR UDLOZD\@WKLVLVYHU\VKRFNLQJWRPH7KDWWUDLQ«>6RXQGRIWUDLQIDGHV@,WWHUULILHVPH  ,QWHUYLHZHU>RXWVLGHIUDPH@ :K\"  +HUUHPD %HFDXVHWKHQ,ZDVDOVRWHUULILHGE\LW>*ULQV@6RUU\ 

+HUUHPD VPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHLVGLUHFWO\IROORZHGE\DUFKLYDOIRRWDJHRIWKHVDPHUDLOZD\DQG WKHVRXQGRIDWUDLQSDVVLQJIURP±SURYLGLQJWKHYLHZHUZLWKFRQWH[WXDOLQIRUPDWLRQRI +HUUHPD VPHPRU\QDUUDWLYH $PRUHSHUIRUPDWLYHRUHYHQSRHWLFH[DPSOHRIDXWRELRJUDSKLFDOPHPRU\LVSURYLGHG E\ WKH $1'(5( 7,-'(1 63257 HSLVRGH (.  '( $)*$1* >(852 7+(/(7'2:1@ 1361269352  0D\   7KLV HSLVRGH IRFXVHV RQ KRZ WKH 'XWFK IRRWEDOO WHDP GHVLJQDWHGIDYRXULWHORVWWKH(XURSHDQ&KDPSLRQVKLSLQ

6SRUWVFRPPHQWDWRU &URZGQRLVHVJURZVWURQJHU@$QGKHLVDOVRVKRZQDUHGFDUG >)LJ@ $QGDQRWKHUUHGFDUG«>3DXVH@$UHGFDUG7R:LOOHPYDQ+DQHJHP >)LJ@

7KLVLVFRPELQHGZLWKWKHXVHRIFORVHXSVRI1HHVNHQVDQG9DQ+DQHJHP±WKHLUIDFHVRIIVHW E\GLPOLJKWLQJ±IRUDQH[WUDHPRWLYHHIIHFW7KURXJKDUDQJHRIWH[WXDOVWUDWHJLHVWKHLPDJHV ILOPHGGXULQJWKHLQWHUYLHZseem WR SRUWUD\1HHVNHQVDQG9DQ+DQHJHPUHPHPEHULQJWKH HYHQWVRIWKHPDWFKWKDWWKH\QDUUDWHLQWKLVHSLVRGH6XFKSHUIRUPDQFHVRIPHPRU\RQVFUHHQ FRQYH\WKHsensationRIZKDWLWLVOLNHWRUHPHPEHU .XKQ VVWXG\SURYLGHVDVWDUWLQJSRLQWWRFRQVLGHUVXFKWHOHYLVHGWHVWLPRQLHVDVPHPRU\ QDUUDWLYHV LQ ZKLFK WKH SDVW LV SURGXFHG LQ WKH DFWLYLW\ RI UHPHPEHULQJ 5HFRUGHG DFWV RI UHPHPEHULQJDUHWKHUHIRUHQHLWKHUUHSUHVHQWLQJQRUSURYLGLQJDFFHVVWRWKHSDVW DVLWZDV 

 &LWHGLQAndere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HRQWYRHULQJYDQ+HUUHPD > 7KH$EGXFWLRQRI +HUUHPD @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW13693522FWREHU &LWHGLQAndere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH (.'HDIJDQJ > (XUR 7KH/HWGRZQ @GLU7RP(JEHUV13612693520D\ $QQHWWH.XKQAn Everyday Magic: Cinema and Cultural Memory /RQGRQ,%7DXULV ± 

    $V.XKQ VUHVHDUFKRQPHPRU\GLVFRXUVHVKDVPDGHHYLGHQWLWLVYHU\UDUHWKDWDQHFGRWDORU DXWRELRJUDSKLFDOPHPRU\GLVFRXUVHLVSHUIRUPHGLQLQWHUYLHZVGXHWRWKHYLYLGQDWXUHRIVXFK H[SUHVVLRQV 7KH KLVWRU\ GRFXPHQWDU\ UHYHDOV WKH SRZHU RI DUFKLYDO IRRWDJH DQG VLWHV RI PHPRU\ WR HYRNH DQG FRQVWUXFW DXWRELRJUDSKLFDO PHPRU\ GLVFRXUVHV WKURXJK WHOHYLVXDO SUDFWLFHV±ZLGHQLQJWKHVFRSHRIZKDWDWHVWLPRQ\DERXWKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVPLJKWORRNOLNH 

)LJ$1'(5(7,-'(163257HSLVRGH(.'($)*$1*&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWH IRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ:HEVLWHFDSWXUH

)LJ$1'(5(7,-'(163257HSLVRGH(.'($)*$1*&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWH IRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ:HEVLWHFDSWXUH  &XOWXUDOKLVWRULFDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV   +LVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJDVDVHFRQGDU\VRXUFH )RU WKH FUHDWRUV RI WKH Andere TijdenVFKRRO WKHUH DUH WKUHH FRQVWLWXWLYH HOHPHQWV WR HDFK EURDGFDVWWKHfactsWKHimagesDQGWKHpeopleFRQFHUQHG7KHVHWKUHHHOHPHQWVKDYHWREH LQFRQIRUPLW\ZLWKHDFKRWKHUDQGKDYHWREHDEOHWREHDUWKHVFUXWLQ\RIFULWLFLVP7KLVGHPDQGV WKHIDFWXDOUHVHDUFKWREHZLGHDQGLQGHSWKLQFOXGLQJDOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZDQGWKHFRQVXOWDWLRQ RIH[SHUWV(YHQWXDOO\H\HZLWQHVVHVDUHYLVLWHGDQGDVNHGWRVKDUHWKHLUVWRU\5HVHDUFKHUVDUH  )RUDPRUHH[WHQVLYHGHVFULSWLRQVHHDOVR9DQ/LHPSW +HWJHKHLPYDQKHWKLVWRULVFKEHHOG 

  

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«@WKLVERLOVGRZQWRDNLQGRIDGGLWLRQVXPZKLFKPDNHV \RXWKLQNZHOO3UREDEO\KHPDGHXSKDOIRILWEXWRIFRXUVHLW VYHU\IXQQ\,WPDNHVHYHU\ERG\ ODXJK

9DQ/LHPSW ,QWKDWVHQVHZHKDYHWROLQNXSMRXUQDOLVPDQGVFLHQFHE\LQWURGXFLQJ WKHVFLHQWLILFDOO\DSSURDFKWRDQLQLWVHOIMRXUQDOLVWLFSURGXFWDQGVKRZLQJWKDWJRRG MRXUQDOLVPDQGVFLHQFHDUHDOPRVWLGHQWLFDODQGGRQRWVKRZVXFKDJDSDVHYHU\ERG\ WKLQNVWKH\GR)URPZKDW,IUDQNO\VHHLQSUDFWLFHZHKDYHKLVWRULDQVDQGMRXUQDOLVWV DWRXUHGLWRULDORIILFHDQG\RXFDQKDYHWKHPZRUNWRJHWKHU\RXFDQLQWHUYLHZWKHPRU ZKDWHYHUEXW\RXZLOOQRWQRWLFHWKHGLIIHUHQFHDQ\PRUH7KHVHWZRJURXSVUHDOO\KDYH DPDOJDPDWHG   -DQVHQ+HQGULNV ,WGRHVRFFXUWKLVPD\KDSSHQWR\RXWKDWSHRSOHKDYHFRQWUDGLFWRU\ UHFROOHFWLRQV«@ WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJH LQ ZKLFK WKLQJV ZLOO EH UHPHPEHUHGEXW«DQGWKDW VRND\EXWWRDFHUWDLQH[WHQWZHUHDOLVHWKDW\RXDUHYHU\ DZDUHRIZKDW\RX UHGRLQJ,WKLQN«HYHU\WKLQJVKRXOGEHZHOOFRQVLGHUHGZHSUHWHQG WREHVXFKDSURJUDPPHZHKDYHWKDWUHSXWDWLRQ\RXKDYHWROLYHXSWRVXFKDVWDWXVRU IHHOLQJ$WWKHVDPHWLPHEHLQJDKLVWRULDQP\VHOI«ZKLFK,UHDOO\ZRXOGOLNHWRSRLQW

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK >«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

    RXW\HDK«EXWWKHRUDOLVWLVDYHU\XQUHOLDEOHVRXUFHZKRPDLQO\DGGVDWPRVSKHUHDQG IDFWVZKLFKVKRXOGDOZD\VEHFRPSDUHGZLWKDOOZULWWHQVRXUFHV 

7KHDIRUHPHQWLRQHG$1'(5(7,-'(1ZHEVLWHVHUYHVDVDQLPSRUWDQWSODWIRUPRIVRXUFHFULWLFLVP DQG DQQRWDWLRQ RI VRXUFHV DQG LV RQH RI WKH ILUVW H[DPSOHV WR GR VR RQ WKH LQWHUQHW LQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV7KHZHEVLWHLVDNH\H[DPSOHRIKRZWRFRPELQHWKHFRQYHQWLRQVRIKLVWRU\ZLWK WKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRIWKHPHGLXPWHOHYLVLRQ(YHQVRWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVDUJXHWKDW 6WXGHQWV RIKLVWRU\DUHQRWDOORZHGWRXVHRXUSURJUDPPHDVDKLVWRULFDOVRXUFHLW VDsecondary source 6RLWGRHVQ WFRXQW«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q,NZDDUVFKXZRRNDOWLMGPHQVHQGDWZLMJHHQEURQ]LMQ,N ZHHWZHOGDWKHWHHQVRRUWYDQ«,NZHHWZHOGDWZLMELMGUDJHQDDQ>«@KHWFXOWXUHOHHUIJRHGLQGH PDQLHUZDDURSGLQJHQZRUGHQRQWKRXGHQPDDU«HQGDWYLQGLNRRNEHVWPDDUZH]LMQRQVHULQ ]RYHUUHYDQEHZXVWGDWMHRRNKHHOHUJQDGHQNWRYHUZDWMHGRHWYLQGLN«DOOHVPRHWYHUDQWZRRUG ]LMQ]R QSURJUDPPD]LMQZLMZHOGLHQDDPKHEEHQZHRRNMHPRHWDDQHHQVRRUWVWDWXVRIVWHPPLQJ YROGRHQ7HJHOLMNHUWLMGEOLMILNDOVKLVWRULFXV«ZLOLNHFKWKHHOHUJ]HJJHQMDPDDUGHRUDOLVWLVHHQ KHHORQEHWURXZEDUHEURQGLHJHHIWYRRUDOVIHHUHQGLQJHQPHHHQGLHPRHWMHQDDVWDOOHJHVFKUHYHQ EURQQHQOHJJHQ  ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK 6WXGHQWHQJHVFKLHGHQLVGLHPRJHQRQVSURJUDPPDQLHWDOVKLVWRULVFKHEURQ JHEUXLNHQGDWLVHHQVHFRQGDLUHEURQ'XVGDWWHOWQLHW«  5LFKDUG:.LOERUQDQG-RKQ,]RGAn Introduction to Television Documentary: Confronting Reality 0DQFKHVWHU0DQFKHVWHU8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  %LOO1LFKROVIntroduction to Documentary %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  1LFKROVIntroduction to Documentary

  

WUXH DVZHOO$OWKRXJKtheWUXWKZLOOQHYHUEHUHDFKHGWKHWHOHYLVLRQPDNHUVGRWU\WRFRPHDV FORVHDVSRVVLEOHLQWKHLUSHUIHFWLRQLVP 7KDW VWKHFHQWUDOLGHD7KDWWKHPRPHQW\RXVWDUWWR DEDQGRQWKHOLQHRIDXWKHQWLFLW\\RXVWDUWWKURZLQJDZD\\RXURZQUHOLDELOLW\EHFDXVHLQP\ RSLQLRQSHRSOHLQJHQHUDODQGHVSHFLDOO\WKH'XWFKDUHH[WUHPHO\VXVSLFLRXVDERXWWKLV 7KH LQWHUYLHZVZLWKWKHFUHDWRUVUHYHDOWKDWWKHAndere TijdenVFKRRO FDQEHUHJDUGHGDVRQHRI WKH ODVWRIWKH0RKLFDQV LQWKHLUVWULFWintoleranceRIDFWHGRXWVHTXHQFHV9DQ/LHPSWDUJXHVWKDW WKHQDWLRQDO&DOYLQLVWLFFKDUDFWHURIWKH'XWFKZLOODOZD\VEHDIWHUUHOLDELOLW\DQGZLOOGHHPD SURJUDPPHXQWUXVWZRUWK\ZKHQFHUWDLQHOHPHQWVDUHUHHQDFWHG$FFRUGLQJWRWKHFUHDWRUV WKLVGRHVQRWLQFOXGH\RXQJYLHZHUV IRUP\GLVFXVVLRQRIUHHQDFWPHQWLQWKH\RXWKKLVWRU\ VHULHV,1'(225/2*VHH&KDSWHU $FRPSDULVRQFDQSRVVLEO\EHPDGHZLWKWKHGXEELQJ RIWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVLQDIRUHLJQODQJXDJHXSWRDFHUWDLQDJHWKLVLVVDWLVIDFWRU\IRU'XWFK YLHZHUVDQGIURPDPRUHPDWXUHDJHRQZDUGVWKLVLVQRWDFFHSWDEOHDQ\PRUH 

)LJ  ([FHUSW RI $1'(5( 7,-'(1 SURGXFWLRQ GRFXPHQWDWLRQ IRU 752(/675$ 6 75$*(',( >752(/675$ 675$*('<@,QWHUQDOGRFXPHQW&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG 9LVLRQ  3HUKDSV WKHUH LV RQH H[FHSWLRQ WR WKLV UXOH IRU $1'(5( 7,-'(1 WKH VHULHV DOVR experimented ZLWK GLIIHUHQW QDUUDWLYH IRUPV )RU H[DPSOH LQ WKH HSLVRGH 752(/675$ 6 75$*(',(>752(/675$ 675$*('<@ 13693526HSWHPEHU DERXWWKHVRFLDOLVW3LHWHU -HOOHV7URHOVWUD VSURFODLPHG UHYROXWLRQ LQWKHPHPRLUVRIGHFHDVHGSROLWLFLDQVDUHEHLQJ UHDGRXWDQGSHUIRUPHGLQWKLVPDQQHUE\DPRQJVWRWKHUVIRUPHU'XWFK3ULPH0LQLVWHU'ULHV YDQ$JW3URGXFWLRQGRFXPHQWV>VHHDQH[FHUSWLQ)LJ@XQGHUVFRUHWKHFUHDWRUV LQWHQWLRQWR LQFOXGHDFWRUVWRSULQFLSDOO\SHUIRUP7URHOVWUD VFKDULVPDDQGWRKHOSYLHZHUVWRFRPSUHKHQG ZK\ ROGHU SHRSOH VWLOO UHPHPEHUHG 7URHOVWUD $ WUDQVODWLRQ IURPDVKRUWH[WUDFWRIWKH SURGXFWLRQGRFXPHQWUHDGVDVIROORZLQJLQ(QJOLVK  >«@RQHDFWRUZLOOEHSOD\LQJ7URHOVWUD,WZLOOQRWEHDFDVHRIUHSOD\LQJDFWXDOHYHQWV ,ZDQWWKHDFWRUWRDFWRXW7URHOVWUD VVSHHFKLQWKH/RZHU+RXVHDQGRWKHUVSHHFKHVDQG WKDWKHHVSHFLDOO\VKRZVFKDULVPD7KURXJKWKHDFWRURQHKDVWRJUDVSZK\HOGHUO\ SHRSOHDWWKHDJHRIQLQHW\VWLOONQRZZK\7URHOVWUDZDVUHJDUGHGLQWKHLUSDUHQWDOKRPH DVVRPHVRUWRIVDLQW>3@HUKDSVPRUHDFWRUVDUHQHHGHGRUSHUKDSVVRPHRQHZKRFDQ SOD\GLIIHUHQWUROHV>«@ >)LJ@  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW-XQH4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'DWLVGHFHQWUDOH JHGDFKWH'DWRSKHWPRPHQWGDWMHGLHOLMQORVODDWYDQGHDXWKHQWLFLWHLWGDWMHMHHLJHQ JHORRIZDDUGLJKHLGWHJUDEEHOJRRLWZDQWGDDULVQDDUPLMQLGHHGHPHQVHQLQKHWDOJHPHHQHQGH 1HGHUODQGHULQKHWELM]RQGHUELM]RQGHUZDQWURXZLJRYHU  &DOGZHOO &RQYHUJHQFH7HOHYLVLRQ 

    ,QWKLVPDQQHUWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVKDYHDOVREHHQDEOHWRUHFRQVWUXFWHYHQWVIURPEHIRUH :RUOG:DU,,YLDGLIIHUHQWQDUUDWLYHIRUPVZKLOVWUHPDLQLQJFRPPLWWHGWRWKHLUFRQYHQWLRQRI QRWUHHQDFWLQJDFWXDOHYHQWV   7KHUROHRIKLVWRULDQVDQGH[SHUWV $OO LQWHUYLHZHG SURJUDPPH PDNHUV UHFRJQLVH WKH LPSRUWDQFH DQG QHFHVVLW\ RI FRQVXOWLQJ SHRSOHZKRDUHexperts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source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very individual witness statements7RDFKLHYHDXWKHQWLFLW\RQDOHYHOEH\RQGVXFKLQGLYLGXDOH[SHULHQFHVVXFKDVWKH OHYHORIPLOLWDU\OHDGHUVDQGSHRSOHLQFKDUJHWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVRIWHQKDYHWRORRNWR RWKHUSUDFWLFHV2QHVWUDWHJ\LVWKHLQFOXVLRQRIego-documentsOLNHGLDU\IUDJPHQWVDQGOHWWHUV ZKLFKFDQEULQJDERXWDKHLJKWHQHGIHHOLQJRIDXWKHQWLFLW\ $OOSURJUDPPHPDNHUVUHFRJQLVHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIUHSUHVHQWLQJHYHQWVDVhistorically correct DVSRVVLEOH$1'(5(7,-'(1DQG'(6/$9(51,-GLUHFWRU+HLQ+RIIPDQQUHPHPEHUV KLVMRELQWHUYLHZZLWK9DQ/LHPSW  $DURQ.HUQHUFilm and the Holocaust: New Perspectives on Dramas, Documentaries, and Experimental Films 1HZ 72'$<@DFXUUHQWDIIDLUVSURJUDPPHE\$95275266LQFHKHKDVEHHQZLWK175DQGKDV GLUHFWHGQXPHURXVHSLVRGHVRI$1'(5(7,-'(1DQG'(6/$9(51,->6/$9(5<@+HLVWKHFUHDWRUDQG HGLWRULQFKLHIRIWKH\RXWKWHOHYLVLRQVHULHV,1'(225/2*>$7:$5@ZKLFKLQUHFHLYHG

  

'R \RX WKLQN LW V LPSRUWDQW WKDW SODQH"

$FFRUGLQJO\WKHHVVHQFHRIWKHKLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHQHHGVWREHUHSUHVHQWHGLQDQDVWUXWKIXODV SRVVLEOHPDQQHU 7KHAndere-TijdenVFKRRO sDSSURDFKWRUHSUHVHQWLQJKLVWRU\DVDFFXUDWHO\DVSRVVLEOH FDQEHGLYLGHGKHUHDORQJWKHOLQHVRIWKHIOH[LEOHDQGWKHSUHFLVH+RIIPDQQ

«@ 2XU FUHZ LQFOXGHV IOH[LEOH DQG SUHFLVH SHUVRQV:HOO«\RXPD\VD\,DPWKHflexibleRQH)RUPHLWLVHVVHQWLDOWKDW\RX« WKHHVVHQFHKDVWREHWUXHEXWZKHWKHUWKH\SXOOHGWKHWULJJHUZLWKWKHLUOHIWRUULJKWKDQG LVRIOHVVLPSRUWDQFHWRPH$QG«WKH\VKRXOGQRWWHOOXWWHUQRQVHQVHRIFRXUVHLW VKRXOG«ZHOO\HV«QR«WKDWLVQRWSRVVLEOHLWVKRXOGEHUHDVRQDEO\WUXH,KDYHD IHHOLQJWKDWFHUWDLQWKLQJVDUHQHYHUUHDOO\WUXHZKHUHDV\RXKDYHWKHDUFKLYDOPDWHULDO WRSURYHLWEXW«QR«  P\HPSKDVLV 

7KHprecise-DQVHQ+HQGULNVDKLVWRULDQDUJXHV ,DPEHLQJSDLGDVDWHOHYLVLRQPDNHUQRWDV D KLVWRULDQ  -DQVHQ +HQGULNV UHIHUV KHUH WR KHU DFDGHPLF ZRUN RQ WKH ODZV RI KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPLQJIRUWHOHYLVLRQDQGWKHWULFNVRIWKHWUDGHRIILOPLQJLQZKLFKVKHKDVSUHYLRXVO\

 WKH(UDVPXV0HGLD$ZDUGDQGWKH&RPHQLXV(GX0HGLD6LHJHO,QWKHVHULHVUHFHLYHGWKH%HHOG HQ*HOXLG$ZDUGLQWKHFDWHJRU\\RXWKWHOHYLVLRQVHULHV7KHERRN13 in de oorlogZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ 1RYHPEHUZKLFKVKHGVIXUWKHUOLJKWRQ::,,WKURXJKSKRWRVGLDU\IUDJPHQWVLQWHUYLHZVDQG WLPHOLQHV +HLQ+RIIPDQQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP2FWREHU4XRWHLQ'XWFK 7RHQLNJLQJ VROOLFLWHUHQYURHJ$G9LQGMHKHWEHODQJULMNGDWYOLHJWXLJ"-D«DOV5RWWHUGDPJHERPEDUGHHUG ZRUGWGRRUW\SH$PRHWMHQLHWW\SH'ODWHQ]LHQ=REHQLNZHO(QQH«DOVMHKHWKHEWRYHUHHQ2SHO PRHWMHJHHQ)RUGODWHQ]LHQ$OVMHKHWKHEWRYHUHHQDXWRPDDNWKHWQLHWXLWPDDUDOVMHKHWKHEWRYHU HHQVSHFLILHNHDXWRHQW\SHPRHWMHKHWZHO]RYHHOPRJHOLMNSUREHUHQWHGRHQ$OVMHKHWKHEWRYHU WUHLQHQXLWGHMDUHQ GDQPRHWMHJHHQWUHLQXLWGHMDUHQ ODWHQ]LHQ(ULVDOWLMGZHOLHPDQGGLHKHW ZHHWThere is always a big nose, who knows  ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK -DKHWOLJWHUDDQZDWYRRURQGHUZHUSMHDDQSDNW$OVKHWHHQoral historyLV GDQPDDNWKHWPHQLHWXLWZDW]H]HJJHQ+RH]LMKHWEHOHHIGKHEEHQGDWYLQGLNRS]LFKLQYHHO JHYDOOHQKHWEHODQJULMNVWH>«@%LMRQVKHEMHGHrekkelijkeHQGHprecieze1RX«LNEHQGH rekkelijkeNDQLNMHZHO]HJJHQ%LMPLMJDDWKHWHURPGDWMHGHHVVHQWLHPRHWZHOZHHUZDDU]LMQ PDDURI]HQRXPHWGHOLQNHUKDQGJHVFKRWHQKHEEHQRIGHUHFKWHUKDQGGDWPDDNWPHQLHW]RYHHOXLW (Q«]HPRHWHQJHHQDSHUWHRQ]LQXLWNUDPHQKHWPRHW«MD«QHH«GDWNDQQLHW«PDDUKHWPRHW UHGHOLMNNORSSHQ,NKHEKHWJHYRHOGDWVRPPLJHGLQJHQQRRLWKHOHPDDONORSSHQWHUZLMOMHKHW DUFKLHIPDWHULDDOKHEWRPKHWWHEHZLM]HQPDDU«QHH«  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK >«@,N ZRUGEHWDDOGDOVWHOHYLVLHPDNHUKRRUQLHWDOVKLVWRULFXV'DWLVKHHOIODXZPDDUKHWLVZHO]RHQGDW KHHIWGXVYRRUUDQJ 

    WDONHG DERXW KRZ WR FRPELQH KHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\ DV D KLVWRULDQ ZLWK KHU UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV DVD ILOPPDNHU 

 )LJXUH6WLOOIURP,1'(225/2*HSLVRGH,1',É>7+('87&+($67,1',(6@&RXUWHV\RI 1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ:HEVLWHFDSWXUH 

 )LJXUH6WLOOIURP'(225/2*HSLVRGH225/2*,1,1',É>:$5,17+('87&+($67,1',(6@ &RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ:HEVLWHFDSWXUH  $FRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQ+RIIPDQQ V,1'(225/2*DQG-DQVHQ+HQGULN V'(225/2* HSLVRGHV IRUDPRUHGHWDLOHGDQDO\VLVRIERWKWKHVHSURGXFWLRQVE\WKHAndere TijdenVFKRRO VHH&KDSWHU FDQSRVVLEO\VKHGVRPHIXUWKHUOLJKWRQWKHVHWZRGLIIHUHQWDSSURDFKHVWRGRLQJ KLVWRU\E\WKHAndere Tijden-VFKRRO±WKHILUVWIOH[LEOHDQGWKHVHFRQGPRUHSUHFLVH±DQGKRZ ERWKDSSURDFKHVVWULYHWREHDVKLVWRULFDOO\DFFXUDWHDVSRVVLEOH)RUH[DPSOHZKLOH-DQVHQ +HQGULNVWUDYHOOHGIDUDQGZLGHDFURVVWKHFRXQWU\RI,QGRQHVLDWRORFDWHWKHH[DFWEHDFK±

 *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV +RZWR3UHVHQW5LRWV7KDW+DYH1RW%HHQ)LOPHG LQThe Historian, Television and Television History: A CollectionHG*UDKDP5REHUWVDQG3KLOLS07D\ORU /XWRQ 8QLYHUVLW\RI/XWRQ3UHVV ±

  

ZKLFKZDVQRWDEHDFKDQ\PRUH±ZKHUHWKH-DSDQHVHLQYDGHGWKH'XWFK(DVW,QGLHV+HLQ +RIIPDQQPDGHWKHFKRLFHWROHW,1'(225/2*/LVD:DGHGLVFXVVWKHLQYDVLRQRIWKH'XWFK RQDUDQGRPEHDFKDQGE\PHDQVRIDPDS>)LJ@7KHIDFWWKDWLWZDVWKHILQDOGD\RI VKRRWLQJ PD\ DOVR KDYH EHHQ D IDFWRU KHUH +RZHYHU WKLV DOVR XQGHUVFRUHV WKH FUHDWRUV  LQWHQWLRQVWROHDYHLQIRUPDWLRQin context+RIIPDQQGRHVQRWFODLPWKDW:DGHLVSUHVHQWLQJ IURPWKHH[DFWORFDWLRQZKHUHWKH'XWFKODQGHG±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redactingDQGWKHSHRSOHVHOHFWHGWRVKDUHWKHLUVWRU\RQVFUHHQQHHGWREHJRRGstorytellers 7KHDUWRIPDNLQJKLVWRU\WHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDULHVIRUWKHFUHDWRUVOLHVLQWKHDELOLW\WRQDUURZ GRZQZKDWKDSSHQHGLQWKHSDVWE\YLVXDORURUDOPHDQVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQWRPDNHWKLVHYHQW XQGHUVWDQGDEOHIRUDEURDGUDQJHRISHRSOH 7KHGLOHPPDZKHWKHURUQRWLQFOXGHWDONLQJKHDGVZDVHVSHFLDOO\PDVVLYHLQWKHFDVHRI WKHAndere Tijden-VFKRROSURGXFWLRQ'(225/2*EHFDXVHRIWKHG\LQJRXWRIH\HZLWQHVVHVRI :RUOG:DU,,,QWKHHQGWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVGHFLGHWRVSDULQJO\LQFOXGHLQWHUYLHZVZLWK H\HZLWQHVVHVLQ'(225/2*ZLWKDPD[LPXPRIWZRWRWKUHHWDONLQJKHDGVSHUHSLVRGH7KLV FKRLFHLVSULQFLSDOO\PDGHWRHOHYDWHWKHOHYHORIauthenticity,QLWLDOSODQVDERXWIRUPDOVR UHYHDOKRZUHOHYDQWWKHKHLJKWHQLQJRIWKHOHYHORIDXWKHQWLFLW\LVWRWKHPDNHUVIRULQVWDQFH WKURXJK WKH LQFOXVLRQ RI GLDU\ IUDJPHQWV 7KH SURJUDPPH PDNHUV DUHYHU\DZDUHRIWKH XQWUXVWZRUWKLQHVVRIRUDOKLVWRU\LISHRSOHVWDWHLQDFFXUDFLHVWKHVHDUHGHOLEHUDWHO\WDNHQRXWLQ WKHPRQWDJHRUSRLQWHGRXWWRWKHYLHZHU ,Q VRPH FDVHV OLHV PLVWDNHV RU UDGLFDOO\ GLIIHUHQW YLHZV RI LQWHUYLHZHHV UHJDUGLQJ KLVWRU\DUHDOVRdeliberately includedLQWKHSURJUDPPHWRPDNHDVSHFLILFSRLQW7KH$1'(5( 7,-'(1 HSLVRGH +(7 237,0,60( 9$1 *(1(5$$/ 63225 >7+( 237,0,60 2) *(1(5$/ 63225@ 17593520D\ ]RRPVLQRQWKHHYHQWVVXUURXQGLQJWKHOLIHDQGGHDWKRIWKH\RXQJ DUP\FRPPDQGHULQFKLHI6LPRQ6SRRULQ$WRSLFDOPRWLYDWLRQLVGHULYHGIURPQHZIDFWV SXEOLVKHGLQWKHELRJUDSK\Generaal Spoor, Triomf en tragiek van een legercommandant E\-DDSGH0RRU7KHLQWHUYLHZZLWK6SRRU VZLGRZGLVFXVVHVWKHH[FHVVHVWKDW6SRRUDV FRPPDQGHULQFKLHILQWKH'XWFK(DVW,QGLHVKDGWRGHDOZLWK%LRJUDSKHU'H0RRUFRQILUPV WKDW6SRRUUHDGHYHU\WKLQJEXWIRUDQXPEHURIUHDVRQVFULPLQDOSURFHHGLQJVZHUHQRWLQVWLWXWHG

 *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV 0HHUGDQSDSLHU±KHWDUFKLHILQ$QGHUH7LMGHQ  /HFWXUH.9$1 VWXGLHPLGGDJ $UFKLHYHQHQ-RXUQDOLVWLHN ,QWHUQDWLRQDDO3HUVFHQWUXP1LHXZVSRRUW'HQ+DDJ -XO\ 4XRWHLQ'XWFK 9RRURQVWHOWHHQIOLQNHKRHYHHOKHLGRRJJHWXLJHQRRN]ZDDUKRH RQEHWURXZEDDUKHWJHKHXJHQRRNLV(QQDWXXUOLMNNDQEHHOGRRNEHZLMVPDWHULDDO]LMQ.RUWRPQLHW DOOHVKRHIW]ZDUWRSZLWWHVWDDQ  -DDSGH0RRUGeneraal Spoor: triomf en tragiek van een legercommandant $PVWHUGDP%RRP  

    +RZHYHULQWKHLQWHUYLHZ6SRRU VZLGRZ0DQV6SRRU'LMNHPDOLWHUDOO\VWDWHV (YHU\ZHHN WKHUHZHUHKXJHSLOHVRIFRQYLFWLRQVDOORIZKLFKKHKDGWRUHDG 6SRRUXQGRXEWHGO\UHDG PDQ\UDSSRUWVDERXWVHYHUDOFDODPLWLHVRIZKLFKKHHYHQWXDOO\GHFLGHGLQFROODERUDWLRQZLWK WKH SURFXUHUJHQHUDO QRW WR LQVWLWXWH SURFHHGLQJV -DQVHQ +HQGULNV H[SHFWV WKDW LQ 6SRRU 'LMNHPD VPHPRU\WKHVHUHSRUWVKDYHEHFRPHFRQYLFWLRQV

6R,WKLQN«LQKHUPHPRU\WKH\KDYHEHFRPHVHQWHQFHV>«@,QWKLVFDVH,OHIWLWOLNH WKDWEHFDXVHLWREYLRXVO\LVKHUUHFROOHFWLRQDQG«ZHOO\HV«YHUVXVWKHELRJUDSKHU ZKRPDNHVLWFOHDUKRZLWUHDOO\KDSSHQHG$QGIUDQNO\,ILQGWKLVOHJLWLPDWHEHFDXVH DVDZLGRZZHOORIFRXUVH«\RXGRQRW«WKDWLV«WKLQJVOLNHWKDW,GRQRWPLQG,Q IDFW,HYHQOLNHLW>«@WKHVHDUHVXEWOHWLHVLQVXFKDSURJUDPPHEHFDXVHLQJHQHUDORQH PRPHQWWKH\DUHVKRZQDQGWKHQH[WPRPHQWWKH\DUHJRQH 

+RZHYHUWKLVLVQRWDUHDVRQIRUWKHFUHDWRUVWRQRWLQFOXGHWKHQDUUDWLYHLQWKHEURDGFDVW ,QWKHFDVHRIFHUWDLQVXEMHFWVWKHGLVWRUWLRQRUPLVUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIPHPRU\FDQEHVR VWURQJ WKDW WKH SURJUDPPH PDNHUV GHFLGH not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

,DPE\QRPHDQVDQH[SHUWRQPHPRU\EXW,KDYHQRWLFHGZLWKHOGHUSHRSOHWKDWWKH\ KDYHDVRPHZKDWIL[HGVWRU\LQWKHLUKHDGVDQGWKH\WHOOWKLVEXWDVVRRQDV\RXZLVK WRDVNTXHVWLRQVRXWVLGHRIWKLVWKH\RIWHQJHQHUDOO\GRQ WNQRZLWDQ\PRUHEHFDXVHLW KDVEHHQORFNHGXSVRIDUDZD\LQWKHLUPHPRU\ 

7HOHYLVLRQPDNHUVFRQVHTXHQWO\FRQVLGHUWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHVKDYHEHHQ DIIHFWHGE\WKHSDVVLQJRIWLPHDQGLQWHUPHGLDWHHYHQWV7KHXVHRIHJRGRFXPHQWVFDQSURYLGH

 4XRWHLQ'XWFK (ONHZHHNZDUHQHU]XONHVWDSHOVYDQYRQQLVVHQYDQGHUHFKWEDQNGLHKLMDOOHPDDO GRRUPRHVWOH]HQ &LWHGLQAndere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH +HWRSWLPLVPHYDQJHQHUDDO 6SRRU > 7KH2SWLPLVPRI*HQHUDO6SRRU @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV17593520D\ *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK ,NGHQNGDW GXV«LQKDDUJHKHXJHQ]LMQKHWYRQQLVVHQJHZRUGHQ>«@,NKHEKHWLQGLWJHYDOODWHQ]LWWHQRPGDW KHW]RGXLGHOLMNKDDUKHULQQHULQJLVHQ«QRXMD«YHUVXVGHELRJUDDIGLHGXLGHOLMNPDDNWKRHKHWGDQ ]LW(QLNYLQGKHWRRNZHOOHJLWLHPZDQWDOVZHGXZHMDQDWXXUOLMN«MHJDDW«GDWLV«GDWYLQGLN RRNQLHWHUJ'DWYLQGLNHLJHQOLMN]HOIVZHOPRRL>«@KHW]LMQZHOYDQVXEWLOLWHLWHQLQ]R QSURJUDPPD GLHRYHUKHWDOJHPHHQRRNKHHOVQHOZHJ]LMQZDQWKHWNRPWYRRUELMHQKHWLVZHJ  ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK ,NEHQHFKWJHHQJHKHXJHQH[SHUWPDDULNPHUNJHZRRQPHWRXGHPHQVHQ GDW]LMYDDNHHQVRRUWYDVWYHUKDDOLQKXQKRRIGKHEEHQHQGDWYHUWHOOHQ]HHQ]RGUDMHGDDUEXLWHQJDDW YUDJHQGDQZHWHQ]HKHWQLHWPHHURI]HGHQNHQ«ZHHWMH«RSUHFKWZHWHQ]HKHWQLHWPHHUZDQWKHW LV]RYHULQKXQJHKHXJHQZHJJHVWRSW 

  

DVROXWLRQWRDXWKHQWLFDOO\UHSUHVHQWLQJDKLVWRULFDOSHULRGZKLFKLVRIWHQFRPELQHGZLWKWKH XVHRI DPDWHXU DUFKLYDOIRRWDJH   $KLVWRU\IRUZKRP"7DUJHWLQJWKHDXGLHQFH 6FKRODUVVXFKDV%ULDQ:LQVWRQDQG'HUHN3DJHWKDYHDUJXHGWKDWLWLVWKHGRFXPHQWDU\ VSRLQW RIUHFHSWLRQ±ZKLFKKDVEHHQDFFHSWHGE\YLHZHUVVLQFHWKHV±WKDWSULQFLSDOO\GHILQHV WKHJHQUH$FFRUGLQJWR:LQVWRQWKHFODLPRQ WUXWK QHFHVVDU\IRUWKHGRFXPHQWDU\H[DFWO\ GHSHQGVRQVSHFWDWRUVFRQVWUXFWHGE\WKHJHQUHWRKDYHWKDWSULRUIDLWKLQLW7KHUHIRUHZKDW NLQGRIDXGLHQFHGRSURJUDPPHPDNHUVNHHSLQPLQGZKHQSURGXFLQJQDUUDWLYHVDERXWWKHSDVW" 

)LJ  )UDJPHQW RI DXGLHQFH UHVSRQVH D OHWWHU ZLWK D SHUVRQDO PHPRU\ QDUUDWLYH QDPH ZLWKKHOG WULJJHGE\DQ$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGH7KHWHOHYLVLRQFUHDWRU VQRWHVDQGKLJKOLJKWLQJ RQWKHOHIWVLGHRIWKHOHWWHULQGLFDWHFRQWHPSODWLQJWRLQFOXGHWKHOHWWHUZULWHULQDQHZHSLVRGHRQ bleekneusjes >ZDUFKLOGUHQ@,QWHUQDOGRFXPHQW&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG 9LVLRQ  7KH$1'(5(7,-'(1FUHDWRUVGHVFULEHWKHWDUJHWJURXSIRUWKHLUKLVWRU\SURJUDPPHVDV very broad2QWKHRQHKDQGWKHFUHDWRUVUHIHUWRWKHPVHOYHVDV ROGIDVKLRQHG SURJUDPPH PDNHUVZKRGRnotWKLQNLQWHUPVRIWDUJHWDXGLHQFHV)RUH[DPSOH-DQVHQ+HQGULNVDUJXHV WKDW ,DPVWLOOVXFKDGHOLJKWIXOO\ROGIDVKLRQHGWHOHYLVLRQPDNHUZKRGRHVQ WWKLQNDWDOOLQ WHUPV RI WDUJHW JURXSV $QG MXVW WKLQNV E\ KLPKHUVHOI ,I , OLNH WKLV DQG , DP QRW WKDW H[FHSWLRQDODSHUVRQWKHQWKHUHPXVWEHRWKHUSHRSOHZKRILQGLWLQWHUHVWLQJ 2QWKHRWKHU KDQGDOOWKHVHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVVWULYHWRUHDFKDQDVEURDGDVSRVVLEOHDXGLHQFH9DQ/LHPSW GHVFULEHVWKHWDUJHWDXGLHQFHRI$1'(5(7,-'(1DVIROORZV

7KDWLVDYHU\EURDGWDUJHWJURXS,KDYHDOZD\VIRUPXODWHGWKLVIRUP\VHOIDVWKHJURXS RISHRSOHZKRZDQWWRNQRZZKDWLVKDSSHQLQJLQWKHZRUOG,WLVLQIDFW, the group  %ULDQ:LQVWRQClaiming the Real: The Documentary Film Revisited /RQGRQ%ULWLVK)LOP ,QVWLWXWH 'HUHN3DJHWNo Other Way to Tell It: Docudrama on Film and Television 0DQFKHVWHU0DQFKHVWHU8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  $WUDQVODWLRQIURPDVKRUWH[WUDFWRIWKHSURGXFWLRQGRFXPHQWUHDGVDVIROORZLQJLQ(QJOLVK *RRG GD\WKDQN\RX>«@VWLOOJUDWHIXORWKHUZLVH,ZRXOGQRWKDYHZULWWHQWKLVOHWWHU,ZDVWUDQVSRUWHGE\D 5HG&URVVFDUGXULQJWKHQLJKW+RZWKLVDOOFDPHDERXWLVTXLWHDGLIIHUHQWVWRU\>«@ 7KHWHOHYLVLRQ FUHDWRU VKDQGZULWWHQQRWHUHDGV :DU&KLOGUHQ"" > Bleekneusjes"" @ *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK ,NEHQQRJ ]R QKHHUOLMNHRXGHUZHWVHWHOHYLVLHPDNHUGLHKHOHPDDOQLHWLQGRHOJURHSHQGHQNW(QDOOHHQPDDU]HOI GHQNWYDQ$OVLNKHWOHXNYLQGHQ]R QXLW]RQGHUOLMNPHQVEHQLNQRXRRNQLHWGDQ]LMQHUYDVW DQGHUHPHQVHQGLHKHWLQWHUHVVDQWYLQGHQ 

    that uses television substantially as an informative medium%XW,GRQRWH[FOXGHDQ\RQH E\ GHILQLWLRQ RI FRXUVH ZH GR QRW JHW WKURXJK WR WKH FRXFK SRWDWR ZKR ZDWFKHV HQWHUWDLQPHQWHLJKWKRXUVDGD\:HZRXOGORYHWREXWZHGRQRWUHDFKWKHP%XWLI\RX GHILQHWKHWDUJHWJURXSLQWKLVPDQQHU\RXHQGXSZLWKDJURXSRIDVPXFKDVPLOOLRQ SHRSOHLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV  P\HPSKDVLV 

$FFRUGLQJWR+RIIPDQQWKHPDLQYLHZHURIWKHVHSURJUDPPHVLVWKHVDPHDVIRU'(225/2* GLVFXVVHGLQ&KDSWHU DQG,1(8523$ GLVFXVVHGLQ&KDSWHU  ,WLVWKHLQWHUHVWHGILIW\\HDU ROGRIFRXUVHZKRZDWFKHV$1'(5(7,-'(1RQ6XQGD\DWDTXDUWHUSDVWHLJKW>«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

$QGWKDWLVDFWXDOO\P\PRVWLPSRUWDQWDUJXPHQWIRUWKHUHVW,GRQ WWKLQNYHU\PXFK LQWDUJHWJURXSWHUPV>«@WKHUHDUHPDQ\SHRSOHZKRDEVRUEHYHU\ELWRILQIRUPDWLRQ WKH\FDQILQGZKRZDWFKPDQ\LQIRUPDWLYHSURJUDPPHVEXWLQIDFWRQO\DWWHQGHGORZHU HGXFDWLRQ RU MXVW RQH PRUH \HDU RI IXUWKHU HGXFDWLRQ DQG ZKR ZRXOG OLNH WR NQRZ HYHU\WKLQJWRVRUWRImake up for educational arrears  P\HPSKDVLV 

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de groep die televisie voor een belangrijk deel als informatief medium gebruikt0DDUGDDUPHHVOXLWLNQLHPDQGSHUGHILQLWLHXLWPDDUZLMEHUHLNHQ QDWXXUOLMNQLHWGHFRXFKSRWDWRGLHDFKWXXUSHUGDJQDDUDPXVHPHQWNLMNW=RXGHQZHZHOZLOOHQ PDDUGLHEHUHLNHQZHQLHW0DDUDOVMH P]RGHILQLHHUWNRPMHLQ1HGHUODQGRSHHQJURHSYDQZHOYLHU PLOMRHQPHQVHQ  +HLQ+RIIPDQQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP2FWREHU4XRWHLQ'XWFK +HWLVQDWXXUOLMN GHJHwQWHUHVVHHUGHYLMIWLJHUGLH$1'(5(7,-'(1NLMNWRPNZDUWRYHUDFKWRS]RQGDJ>«@MHPRHWQLHW XLWVOXLWHQPDDULQGHSUDNWLMN]LMQKHWGHYLMIWLJYLMIHQYLMIWLJHUVYROJHQVPLM  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK (QGDWLVHLJHQOLMN PLMQEHODQJULMNVWHDUJXPHQWLNEHQYHUGHUQLHW]R QGRHOJURHSGHQNHU>«@HU]LWWHQKHHOYHHOPHQVHQ WXVVHQGLHRQW]HWWHQGJUDDJDOOHVRSVORNNHQZDW]HPDDUDDQLQIRUPDWLHNXQQHQYLQGHQGLHKHHOYHHO LQIRUPDWLHYHSURJUDPPD VNLMNHQPDDUGLHHLJHQOLMNQLHWPHHUGDQODJHUHVFKRROKHEEHQRIHHQHQNHO MDDUWMHGDDUERYHQHQGDWHLJHQOLMNXLWHHQVRRUWinhaaloperatieDOOHPDDOZLOOHQZHWHQ 

  

RIWKHURRPLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVDQG,DPDEVROXWHO\FRQYLQFHGRIWKDW 7KLVDOVRHQWDLOVWKDW WKHODQJXDJHRIWKHSURJUDPPHVKRXOGQRWLQFOXGHWRRGLIILFXOWZRUGVRUSKUDVHV$VXFFHVVIXO H[HFXWLRQ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH FUHDWRUV GHSHQGV RQ ERWK SURIHVVLRQDO VNLOO DQG WKH DUW RI FOHDU ZULWLQJ±WKHODWWHUEHLQJWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWEDVLFSULQFLSOHIRUDOOSURJUDPPHV , PDNH D EULHI FRPPHQW KHUH WR UHIOHFW RQ WKH IDFW WKDW WKH SUHVHQFH RI WHOHYLVLRQ SURGXFWLRQVRQPXOWLSOHSODWIRUPVFDQDOVREULQJDERXWDconnected virtual network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eschiedenis24SODWIRUP QRZNPO Geschiedenis KDVEHHQDQDO\VHG$ SRVWGHPRJUDSKLFVDSSURDFKZDVXVHGWRRUJDQLVHJURXSVYLDXVHUV EHKDYLRXU IRULQVWDQFH FRQQHFWLRQV WZHHWV DQG UHWZHHWV  DQG DYDLODEOH GDWD IRU LQVWDQFH SODFH RI UHVLGHQFH DQG LQWHUHVWV RQVRFLDOQHWZRUNV7KH1RGH;/VRIWZDUHZDVXVHGWRFUDZODQGPDSGLUHFWDQG LQGLUHFWIROORZHUVRIWKHGeschiedenis24ZHEVLWHDQGWKHLULQWHUFRQQHFWLRQVRQ7ZLWWHU7KH LQWHUDFWLYH YLVXDOLVDWLRQ SODWIRUP *HSKL XVLQJ WKH )RUFH$WODV DOJRULWKP ZDV DSSOLHG WR YLVXDOLVHDQGDQDO\VHWKHQHWZRUNRIFRQQHFWLRQV7KHVWXG\IRXQGWKDWWKLVDSSURDFKFRXOG LGHQWLI\GLIIHUHQWJURXSVRIIROORZHUVEDVHGRQWKHFRQQHFWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHVHIROORZHUV7KH JURXSVWKDWZHUHIRXQGFRXOGLQGHHGDOEHLWPDQXDOEHFODVVLILHGDFFRUGLQJWRLGHQWLW\JURXSV

 ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK $OVMHppQPLQXXW(QJHOVRQYHUWDDOGXLW]HQGWGDQVWXXUMHLQ1HGHUODQGHFKW KHHOYHHOPHQVHQGHNDPHUXLWHQGDWYLQGLNHFKW  )UpGpULF.DSODQ $0DSIRU%LJ'DWD5HVHDUFKLQ'LJLWDO+XPDQLWLHV Frontiers in Digital Humanities  GRLIGLJK 0DQXHO&DVWHOOV 7KH1HWZRUN6RFLHW\)URP.QRZOHGJHWR3ROLF\ LQThe Network Society: From Knowledge to PolicyHG0DQXHO&DVWHOOVDQG*XVWDYR&DUGRVR :DVKLQJWRQ'&-RKQV+RSNLQV &HQWHUIRU7UDQVDWODQWLF5HODWLRQV  6KDQ\DQJ=KDR6KHUUL*UDVPXFNDQG-DVRQ0DUWLQ ,GHQWLW\&RQVWUXFWLRQRQ)DFHERRN'LJLWDO (PSRZHUPHQWLQ$QFKRUHG5HODWLRQVKLSV Computers in Human BehaviorQR   GRLMFKE ,PPD7XEHOOD 7HOHYLVLRQDQGWKH,QWHUQHWLQWKH&RQVWUXFWLRQRI,GHQWLW\ LQThe Network Society: From Knowledge to PolicyHG0DQXHO&DVWHOOVDQG*XVWDYR&DUGRVR :DVKLQJWRQ'&-RKQV +RSNLQV&HQWHUIRU7UDQVDWODQWLF5HODWLRQV  :RXW5RHORIV Geschiedenis24HQWRHEHKRUHQGHSURJUDPPD VRS7ZLWWHU  %$8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\  6XSHUYLVHGE\%HUEHU+DJHGRRUQ0$ 5LFKDUG5RJHUVDigital Methods &DPEULGJH0$7KH0,73UHVV  NodeXL 6RFLDO0HGLD5HVHDUFK)RXQGDWLRQ KWWSQRGH[OFRGHSOH[FRP GephiYHUVLRQ 3DULV*HSKL&RQVRUWLXP KWWSVJHSKLJLWKXELR

    FRXOGEHGHILQHGE\VKDUHGLQWHUHVWVVKDUHGSURIHVVLRQRUVKDUHGFXOWXUDOVHFWRU$OWKRXJKWKLV SLORWVWXG\ZDVLQDUHODWLYHO\VPDOOGDWDVHW XQLTXHSURILOHV LWVKRZVWKHSRWHQWLDOIRUVXFK DQDO\VHVRIODUJHGDWDVHWV )LQDOO\DGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQQHHGVWREHPDGHLQWKHFDVHRIWKHWDUJHWDXGLHQFHRI$1'(5( 7,-'(163257$OWKRXJKRQHFDQDUJXHWKDWVSRUWVHQWKXVLDVWVPDLQO\ZDWFKWKLVSURJUDPPH WKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVDOVRVWULYHWRUHDFKDJURXSRISHRSOHZKRDUHQRWSULQFLSDOO\LQWHUHVWHG LQVSRUWVEXWZKRKDYHDQLQWHUHVWLQWKHKXPDQVWRULHVRUWKHGUDPDVXUURXQGLQJVXFKHYHQWV

9DQ/LHPSW -XVWWRPHQWLRQDQH[DPSOHWDNLQJWKHFDEOH>de kabel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«\RXFDQQRWLQIOXHQFHWKDW 

,QJHQHUDO9DQ/LHPSWGHVFULEHVKLPVHOIDVQRWWKLQNLQJLQWHUPVRIWDUJHWDXGLHQFHV   $FHUWDLQNLQGRIKLVWRU\WKHVHOHFWLRQDQGUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIKLVWRULFDOHYHQWV +RZGRSURJUDPPHPDNHUVGHFLGHZKLFKKLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHVWRWHOOWRWKHLUDXGLHQFH":KLFK VWRULHV DERXW WKH SDVW DUH VHOHFWHG UHFRQVWUXFWHG DQG WR ZKDW H[WHQW LV WKH SDVW UHZULWWHQ" 7HOHYLVLRQLVDcollaborative processDQGLQWKLVFUHDWLYHSURFHVVGHFLVLRQPDNLQJLVSDUIRU WKHFRXUVH)URPWKHGLUHFWRU WKHERVV  DQGSUHVHQWHUWRWKHHGLWRUFUHDWRUVZRUNLQJDW GLIIHUHQWVWDJHVRIDSURJUDPPHQHHGWRGHDOZLWKFKRLFHVUHJDUGLQJWKHVHOHFWLRQDQGQDUUDWLRQ RIDSDUWLFXODUKLVWRU\ $1'(5(7,-'(1GHOLEHUDWHO\IRFXVHVRQDOPRVWIRUJRWWHQVWRULHVIURPWKHFHQWXU\RIWKH PRYLQJLPDJHWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\,QKHULQLWLDOSODQ-DQVHQ+HQGULNVSURSRVHVWR IRFXVRQKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVDIWHUIRUWZRUHDVRQV,QWKHILUVWSODFHERWKeyewitnessesDQG archival footageZLOOEHODUJHO\DYDLODEOH6HFRQGWKHH[SHFWDWLRQLVWKDWpublic interest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«GDDUKHEMHJHHQLQYORHGRS  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\ $GYDQ/LHPSWKDVGHVFULEHGQHZVLPDJHVRIWKHFRURQDWLRQRI4XHHQ:LOKHOPLQDIURPDV ZHOODVDPRUHUHFHQWKLVWRULRJUDSK\FRQFHQWUDWHGRQWKHGHDWKRISROLWLFLDQ3LP)RUWX\Q ZKLFK IRFXVHGRQWKH\HDUVDQG DVLPSRUWDQWH[FHSWLRQVRI$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGHVWRWKLVUXOH 9DQ/LHPSW +HWJHKHLPYDQKHWKLVWRULVFKEHHOG  -DQVHQ+HQGULNV =XLGHU]HHEDOODGH 

  

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±WKHZRUNLQJWLWOHRIWKHZHHNO\KLVWRULFDO SURJUDPPH LV E\ WKHQ %(:2*(1 9(5/('(1 ±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

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK >«@GDWZDVKHW LGHHRPLQMDQXDULWHEHJLQQHQHQGDQRYHUGHWZLQWLJVWHHHXZ:DQWGHWZLQWLJVWHHHXZZDVGH HHXZYDQKHWEHZHJHQGHEHHOG%LMWHOHYLVLHLVGDWZHOKDQGLJ+HWZDVYDQDIKHWEHJLQKHWLGHHZH JDDQJHHQRXGHUHJHVFKLHGHQLVGRHQDOOHPDDORQW]HWWHQGLQWHUHVVDQWJHZHOGLJHYHUKDOHQDOOHHQYRRU WHOHYLVLHRQHLQGLJYHHOLQJHZLNNHOGHU(QKHWJHEUXLNYDQDUFKLHIPDWHULDDOPDDNWGLWW\SHSURJUDPPD YHHODDQWUHNNHOLMNHU:HZLVWHQLQPLGGHOVZHOGDWHUKHHOYHHOZDV  -DQVHQ+HQGULNV =XLGHU]HHEDOODGH ±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broad variety of topics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±WKH HSLVRGH0h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±DQGLQZKDWPDQQHU±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±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h1&+(1 >081,&+ DERXW WKH 2O\PSLF *DPHV LQ 0XQLFK @ :. 6&+$$76(1 >:25/' $//5281' 63((' 6.$7,1* &+$03,216+,36@ 1369352  )HEUXDU\  .(11('<((1 -21*(35(6,'(17>.(11('<$<281*35(6,'(17@ 1369352-DQXDU\ 5$&(1$$5 '(0$$1>63$&(5$&(@ 1369352-DQXDU\ @DQG.2(5,(5922532578*$/>%$1. 0(66(1*(5 )25 32578*$/@ 17593520D\  (SLVRGHVZLWKDQDWLRQDO 'XWFK  IRFXVDUHIRULQVWDQFH76-(512%&+(512%23(1,1*2) 3$5/,$0(17  +267$*( &5,6,6 ,1 7+( )5(1&+ (0%$66<@ 1369352  6HSWHPEHU  '(.20679$1'(026.((>7+($'9(172)7+(02648(@ 1369352)HEUXDU\  DQG=2(11,(7$1'(56>62$1'12727+(5:,6(@ 1759352)HEUXDU\ DERXW'XWFK

 .DULQYDQGHQ%RUQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP2FWREHU /L]]\YDQ:LQVHQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW0D\

    SROLWLFV/RFDWLRQLVQRWDOZD\VDQRYHUULGLQJIDFWRU)RULQVWDQFHWKHHOHFWLRQVLQ6XULQDPHDUH WKHPDLQPRWLYDWLRQIRUWKHHSLVRGH%287(56(+(7+$$*6(+22)'3,-1'266,(5>%287(56($ '87&+$1;,(7<@ 17593520D\ EXWWKLVHSLVRGHLVSULQFLSDOO\DUHIOHFWLRQRQ 'XWFKSROLWLFVDQGDQ[LHWLHVLQ7KH+DJXHUHJDUGLQJ'pVL%RXWHUVH 

 )LJ*HQHUDOWKHPHVZLWKDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOIRFXVLQ$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGHVEHWZHHQ0DUFK DQG0D\RYHUDOO7KHJUDSKVKRZVWKHSURSRUWLRQRIHSLVRGHVGHDOLQJZLWKHDFKJHQHUDO WKHPH 

 )LJ*HQHUDOWKHPHVZLWKDQDWLRQDO LH'XWFK IRFXVLQ$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGHVEHWZHHQ 0DUFKDQG0D\RYHUDOO7KHJUDSKVKRZVWKHSURSRUWLRQRIHSLVRGHVGHDOLQJZLWKHDFK JHQHUDOWKHPH 

  

$V)LJXUH SURSRUWLRQRIJHQHUDOWKHPHVZLWKDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOIRFXVWRJHQHUDO WKHPHVZLWKDQDWLRQDOIRFXV LQGLFDWHVJHQHUDOKLVWRULFDOWKHPHVZLWKDQDWLRQDO 'XWFK IRFXV WDNHPRUHSUHFHGHQFHLQ$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGHVWRGD\WKHQDWWKHRXWVHWRIWKHSURJUDPPH± LQDQGE\0D\7KHSURSRUWLRQRI$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGHVGHDOLQJZLWK 'XWFK YHUVXV LQWHUQDWLRQDO VXEMHFWV LQWHUHVWLQJO\ SRLQWV WR D slowly declining DPRXQW RI LQWHUQDWLRQDOVXEMHFWVFRYHUHGRYHUWKH\HDUV7KHUHLVDODUJHVLJQLILFDQWQHJDWLYHFRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQ\HDUDQGWKHSURSRUWLRQRIHSLVRGHVGHDOLQJZLWKLQWHUQDWLRQDOVXEMHFWVZKLFKPHDQV WKDW ZH FDQ LQGHHG LQIHU WKDW LQ ODWHU \HDUV $1'(5( 7,-'(1 HSLVRGHV GHDO OHVV ZLWK DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOVXEMHFWRUWKHPH1RWHWKDWWKLVGRHVQRWVD\DQ\WKLQJDERXWWKHFDXVDOLW\RUwhy $1'(5(7,-'(1KDVGHDOWZLWKOHVVLQWHUQDWLRQDOVXEMHFWVLQLWVHSLVRGHVLQODWHU\HDUV)XUWKHU DQDO\VLVRISURGXFWLRQGHFLVLRQVIRULQVWDQFHWKURXJKDQDQDO\VLVRISURGXFWLRQGRFXPHQWDWLRQ RULQGHSWKLQWHUYLHZVZLWKSURGXFHUVFDQKHOSXQGHUVWDQGWKLVDVSHFW 

 )LJ  3URSRUWLRQ RI JHQHUDO WKHPHV ZLWK DQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO IRFXV WR JHQHUDO WKHPHV ZLWK D QDWLRQDO LH'XWFK IRFXVLQ$1'(5(7,-'(1HSLVRGHVSHU\HDUEHWZHHQ0DUFKDQG0D\   :KDW LV HYLGHQW IURP WKH LQGHSWK LQWHUYLHZV LV WKDW WKLV LV QRW GXH WR D WRS GRZQ  LQVWUXFWLRQ7KLVVOLJKWVKLIWPD\DOVRUHIOHFWWKHVKLIWLQJLQWHUHVWVRI'XWFKFLWL]HQVWRZDUGV PRUHQDWLRQDOWRSLFVDQGFRQYHUVDWLRQV3URJUDPPHVDUHDOVREDVHGRQZKDWNLQGRIERRNVDUH EHLQJSXEOLVKHGRUZKDWW\SHRIPXVHXPH[KLELWLRQVRSHQ7KHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVNQRZLQJ

 $3HDUVRQFRUUHODWLRQ 3HDUVRQ Vr FDQEHXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHZKHWKHUWKHUHLVDVLJQLILFDQWORZHU DPRXQWRILQWHUQDWLRQDOVXEMHFWVLQODWHU\HDUV-DFRE&RKHQHWDOHGVApplied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 1HZ

    WKHPLQGRIWKHSHRSOHLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVIRUPVWKHLQFHQWLYHIRUDWRSLFEHLQJGLVFXVVHGLQ $1'(5(7,-'(1WKHSURJUDPPHUHIOHFWVRQVRFLHW\DQGVRFLHW\UHIOHFWVEDFN$V9DQGHQ%RUQ DUJXHV'XWFKWRSLFVDOVRVHHPWR VFRUH EHWWHU)LQDOO\SUDFWLFDOLWLHVVXFKDVWKHDYDLODEOH EXGJHWDUHDQLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUDQGLWFRXOGEHDUJXHGDPDLQFDXVHIRUWKLVGHYHORSPHQW±DIWHU DOOOHVVEXGJHWPHDQVWKDWDQHYHQJUHDWHUSRUWLRQRIWKHVFUHHQHGPDWHULDOVLVVHOHFWHGIURPWKH DUFKLYHVRIWKH1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQDQGWKLVDOVRSRVHVOLPLWDWLRQVIRU EHLQJDEOHWRILOPDEURDG ,PSRUWDQWO\recent eventsIXQFWLRQDVDstarting pointIRU$1'(5(7,-'(1UDWKHUWKDQ PDNLQJDQH[SOLFLWFRPSDULVRQWRWKHSUHVHQW,QWKHIDOORIWKH%DONHQHQGHFDELQHWDIWHU GD\VLQVSLUHGWKHHSLVRGH '6 >62&,$/'(02&5$73$57< @ 13693522FWREHU  DERXWDQRWKHUSROLWLFDOSDUW\ZLWKFRPSDUDEOHSUREOHPVZLWKILUVWWLPHDQGTXDUUHOVRPH SROLWLFLDQV6XFKDWRSLFZRXOGQRUPDOO\QRWEHIHDWXUHGRQWHOHYLVLRQ ,I\RXQRUPDOO\SURSRVH VXFKDWRSLFHYHU\RQHZRXOG\DZQDQGWKLQNZKDWRQHDUWKLVWKLVDERXW /LNHZLVHLQ GLVVLGHQWVRIWKH&'$ &KULVWLDQ'HPRFUDWLF$SSHDO SDUW\KLQGHUDULJKWZLQJFRDOLWLRQ ZKLFKIRUPVWKHLQVSLUDWLRQIRUWKHHSLVRGH3$57,-2)35,1&,3(6'(',66,'(17(1%,11(1+(7 .$%,1(79$1$*7:,(*(/>3$57<2535,1&,3/(67+(',66,'(176:,7+,17+(9$1$*7:,(*(/ &$%,1(7@ 13693526HSWHPEHU DERXWDVLPLODULVVXHUHJDUGLQJ&'$GLVVLGHQWVLQ WKH9DQ$JW:LHJHOFDELQHW$OWKRXJKWDNLQJWRSLFDOHYHQWVDVDVWDUWLQJSRLQWLVLQWKH ZRUGVRIWKHFUHDWRUVDVRPHZKDW HODVWLFFRQFHSW DQGRSHQWRLQWHUSUHWDWLRQWKLVPDNHVWKH SURJUDPPHXQLTXHDPRQJVWLWVSHHUV&XUUHQWHYHQWVIXQFWLRQDVDtriggerEXWGRQRWIHDWXUHDV DVXEMHFWLQWKHSURJUDPPHRWKHUZLVHLWZRXOGQRWEHDSURJUDPPHDERXWtwentieth century history $FFRUGLQJWR9DQ/LHPSWWKHFKRLFHRIKLVWRULFDOWRSLFVIHDWXUHGLQ $1'(5(7,-'(1 HVVHQWLDOO\FDXVHVWZRYHU\GLIIHUHQWUHDFWLRQVDPRQJVWYLHZHUV2QWKHRQHKDQGWKHJHQHUDO UHVSRQVHZLOOEHDORQJWKHOLQHVRI 1RWKLQJKDVFKDQJHGRYHUWLPHLWLVDOOH[DFWO\WKHVDPHDV QRZ RU +RZLVLWSRVVLEOHWKDWKDSSHQHGDWWKDWWLPH,QHYHUNQHZWKDW ±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implicitFRQYHQWLRQVDQGVWUDWHJLHVRIWHOHYLVLRQFUHDWRUVexplicit %\PHDQVRIWKLVFDVHVWXG\,KDYHEHHQDEOHWR]RRPLQRQWKHUROHRIWHOHYLVLRQDVDPHGLDWRU

 .DULQYDQGHQ%RUQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP2FWREHU *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'DWLVHHQ RQGHUZHUSDOVMHGDWQRUPDDO]RXYRRUVWHOOHQGHQNWLHGHUHHQJDSHQG ZDWPRHWHQZHGDDULQ JRGVQDDPPHH  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'DWLVRRNHHQ KHHOUHNEDDUEHJULSPDDUZHOHHQYDQGHFKDUPHVYDQKHWSURJUDPPD  $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW-XQH

  

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±DOVRUHIOHFWHGLQWKHXPEUHOODIXQFWLRQRIWKHVHULHV ZHEVLWH±DQGE\JUDGXDOO\ EXLOGLQJH[SHUWLVHDQGLQWULQVLFFRRSHUDWLRQVXFKH[SHUWLVHZDVDOVRNHSWLQKRXVHIRULQVWDQFH E\DOORZLQJIRULQWHUQDOPRELOLW\7KHVWXG\KDVDOVRSRLQWHGWRWKHKLVWRU\RIWKH'XWFKSXEOLF EURDGFDVWLQJV\VWHP±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±QRWRQO\E\VWULYLQJIRUSRZHU RI GHFLVLRQ DQG IRU FROOHFWLYH DFFRPPRGDWLRQ EXW E\ UHFRJQLVLQJ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI WKH SURJUDPPH PDNHUV  RZQ H[SHUWLVH LQ EHLQJ DEOH WR UHVHDUFK GLUHFW DQG FUHDWH KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPLQJ 7KHDQDO\VLVDOVRUHYHDOVWKHVSHFLILFZD\VLQZKLFKEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQDQGWHOHYLVLRQ FUHDWRUVGLUHFWWKHYLHZHUV DWWHQWLRQWKURXJKGLIIHUHQWPHDQVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ)RUWKH$1'(5( 7,-'(1FUHDWRUVWKHFRQVWLWXWLYHHOHPHQWVWRHDFKEURDGFDVW±WKHIDFWVWKHLPDJHVDQGWKH SHRSOHFRQFHUQHG±KDYHWREHLQFRQIRUPLW\ZLWKHDFKRWKHU7KHSUHVHQWHUDVH[SHUWVRFLDO

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\

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±KHQFHWKHH[SHUWLVH±WR QDUURZGRZQZKDWKDSSHQHGLQWKHSDVWE\YLVXDORURUDOPHDQVRIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQGWRPDNH WKLVHYHQWXQGHUVWDQGDEOHIRUDEURDGUDQJHRISHRSOH :KHQGRHVDWRSLFKDYHHQRXJKUHOHYDQFHWREHEURDGFDVWLQDQDUFKLYHEDVHGKLVWRU\ VHULHVEDVHGRQWKHVWUDWHJLHVRI$1'(5(7,-'(1",QJHQHUDODKLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHDWILUVWKDVWR KDYHD VHFRQGOD\HU 7KLVHQWDLOVWKDWWKHVWRU\±LQFOXGLQJOHVVHUNQRZQDOPRVWIRUJRWWHQRU SHUVRQDO histories ±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

  

IDFWRUKHUH±DIWHUDOOOHVVEXGJHWDVZHOODVWLPHFRQVWUDLQWVPHDQWKDWDQHYHQJUHDWHUSRUWLRQ RIWKHVFUHHQHGPDWHULDOVLVVHOHFWHGIURPWKHDUFKLYHVRIWKH1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQG DQG9LVLRQ,WVHHPVWKDWPHGLDSROLF\DQGULJKWVLVVXHVZLOOEHSOD\LQJDQHYHQELJJHUUROHLQ FRQGLWLRQLQJ ZKDW NLQG RI KLVWRULFDO QDUUDWLYHV FDQ EH WROG RQ WHOHYLVLRQ HVSHFLDOO\ ZLWK D JUHDWHU HPSKDVLV RQ RQGHPDQG DQG RSHQ SODWIRUPV LQ WKH FDUGV LQ WKH 'XWFK WHOHYLVXDO ODQGVFDSH&KDOOHQJHVIRU$1'(5(7,-'(1ZLOOSDUWLFXODUO\EHUHODWHGWRWKHODUJHDPRXQWVRI DUFKLYDOIRRWDJHUHXVHGLQWKHVHULHVDQGDFFRPSDQ\LQJULJKWVLVVXHVIRURQOLQHFLUFXODWLRQ  

  

  &LUFXODWLQJ+LVWRU\RQ'LJLWDO3ODWIRUPV 'LJLWDO7KHPDWLF&KDQQHOV

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

 )LJ  (YDFXDWLRQ RI UHVLGHQWV GXULQJ WKH  1RUWK 6HD )ORRG 5DDPVGRQNVYHHU 6RXUFH $13&R=H\OHPDNHU)HEUXDU\KWWSZZZDQSDUFKLHIQOSDJHQO

  'HWLMGPDFKLQHGLHWHOHYLVLHKHHW Zie van Ziggo±

  

,QWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUDXVHUVKDYHIDVWDQGHDV\DFFHVVWRDZLGHUDQJHRIWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQW DERXW KLVWRU\ WKURXJK WHOHYLVLRQ EURDGFDVWLQJ FURVVPHGLD SUDFWLFHV RQGHPDQG VHUYLFHV RQOLQHWHOHYLVLRQDUFKLYHVDQGGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOV±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±LQFOXGLQJWHOHYLVLRQ VRZQSDVW±LQWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\PHGLD ODQGVFDSH6HFRQGDQGWKLUGWKHPHGLDSODWIRUPNPO Doc SUHYLRXVO\Holland Doc DQGWKH QRVWDOJLDWKHPDWLFFKDQQHONostalgieNet >NostalgiaNet@ DUH GLVFXVVHGDVSULQFLSDOFDVHVWXGLHV ± WR FRQVLGHU FUHDWRUV  DLPV VWUDWHJLHV DQG FRQYHQWLRQV RI FLUFXODWLQJ KLVWRU\ RQ GLJLWDO SODWIRUPVRQUHVSHFWLYHO\DWH[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHOHYHODQGDFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDOOHYHO7KHVH SODWIRUPV H[HPSOLI\ WKH PXOWLIDFHWHG ZD\ RI ORRNLQJ DW DQG JDLQLQJ DFFHVV WR WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPLQJWKURXJKDYDULHW\RIFRQQHFWHGSODWIRUPVDQGVFUHHQV%HFDXVHWKHZD\LQZKLFK WHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOV SURGXFHUVVFKHGXOHUVFRPPLVVLRQHUVUHVHDUFKHUV DFWDVPRGHUDWRUV LQWKLVSURFHVVQHHGVWREHIXUWKHUDQDO\VHG,SODFHDSDUWLFXODUHPSKDVLVRQKRZWHOHYLVLRQ FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ SODWIRUPV DUH DOVR FXUDWHG SULQFLSDOO\ WKURXJK VFKHGXOLQJ 7HOHYLVLRQ SOD\VDFUXFLDOUROHLQH[SHULHQFHVRIWLPHDQGVSDFHWKURXJKVFKHGXOLQJ-RKQ(OOLVKDVIURP WKLVSHUVSHFWLYHDUJXHGWKDWVFKHGXOLQJLVWKH ORFXVRISRZHULQWHOHYLVLRQ 0RUHVSHFLILFDOO\ ,DQDO\VHKRZQDWLRQDOFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\DVXQGHUVWRRGE\WHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVLQIRUPV WKHVFKHGXOLQJRI OLYLQJKLVWRU\ RQWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHO)LQDOO\LQWKLVFRQWH[WRQDQ LQVWLWXWLRQDOOHYHO,SRVHWKHTXHVWLRQWRZKDWH[WHQWWKHSUHVHQWPHGLDSROLF\LVDWWXQHGWRWKH FXUUHQWFLUFXODWLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQKLVWRU\FRQWHQW 7KLV VWXG\ LV EDVHG RQ DQ DQDO\VLV RI WKH PHGLD SODWIRUP QRVWDOJLD FKDQQHO DQG FRQQHFWHG FURVVPHGLD SUDFWLFHV DQG WKHLU FUHDWRUV  VWUDWHJLHV LQ UHODWLRQ WR KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPLQJDQGFURVVSODWIRUPVFKHGXOLQJ,XVHSRHWLFVDVDUHVHDUFKPRGHOIRUH[SORULQJ WHOHYLVLRQSUDFWLWLRQHUV DLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQVRIFRQWHPSRUDU\UHSUHVHQWDWLRQVRI SDVWHYHQWV VHH&KDSWHUIRUPHWKRGRORJ\ RQ DWH[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHOHYHO DFXOWXUDO KLVWRULFDOOHYHOWRILQDOO\ DQLQVWLWXWLRQDOOHYHO7KHVWXGLHGPDWHULDOVHQWDLOWKHIROORZLQJ D  WKHPHGLDSODWIRUPNPO Doc DQGWKHQRVWDOJLDWKHPDWLFFKDQQHONostalgieNet E  UHODWHGFURVVPHGLDSUDFWLFHV F  LQGHSWK LQWHUYLHZV ZLWK NH\ SURIHVVLRQDOV LQYROYHG LQ WKH SODWIRUP DQG FKDQQHO V SURGXFWLRQ UHVHDUFK DQG RQOLQH VWUDWHJLHV DV ZHOO DV NH\ SURIHVVLRQDOV LQYROYHG LQ PHGLDSROLF\LQWKH1HWKHUODQGV G  PHGLDSROLF\GRFXPHQWV H  UDWLQJVDQGYLVLWRUGDWD I  UHOHYDQWVXSSOHPHQWDU\PHGLDPDWHULDOVVXFKDVLQWHUQDWLRQDODQGQDWLRQDOH[DPSOHVRI WHOHYLVLRQDQGUDGLRSURJUDPPHVILOPVZHEVLWHFRQWHQWDQGPXVHXPH[KLELWLRQV

 -RKQ(OOLV 6FKHGXOLQJ7KH/DVW&UHDWLYH$FWLQ7HOHYLVLRQ" Media, Culture & SocietyQR  ±GRL

    +\EULGLW\PL[LQJEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQDQGGLJLWDOFXOWXUH 7HOHYLVLRQ LV DQ LQFUHDVLQJO\ G\QDPLF DQG FRPSOH[ WRRO IRU HQJDJHPHQW ZLWK WKH SDVW (VVHQWLDOO\ WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK WHOHYLVLRQ SURIHVVLRQDOV DQG XVHUV JLYH PHDQLQJ WR DQG FRQWH[WXDOLVHWHOHYLVLRQKLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJWKURXJKGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOVLVERWKHQDEOHG DQGLPSHGHGE\WKHhybrid formLQZKLFKWHOHYLVLRQLVFXUUHQWO\SUHVHQWLQHYHU\GD\OLIH)LUVW WHOHYLVLRQ VWUDGLWLRQDOVRFLHWDOUROHVDVDPDVVPHGLXPFDSDEOHRIVKDULQJHYHQWVDVD FXOWXUDO KHDUWK  DQG FXOWXUDO IRUXP  DUH VWLOO LQ SODFH +RZHYHU VLQFH WKH PHGLXP LV LQFUHDVLQJO\ WDUJHWHGWRZDUGVGLVWLQFWDQGIUDJPHQWHGDXGLHQFHPHPEHUVLWLVRSHUDWLQJPRUHDQGPRUHDV D ERRNVWRUH PRGHO  RU HOHFWURQLF QHZVVWDQG  WDLORUHG WR VSHFLILF LQWHUHVWV RI LQGLYLGXDO DXGLHQFHPHPEHUVDQGWKHLUSHUVRQDOLVHGVFKHGXOLQJ5HFHQWVWXGLHVHPSKDVLVHWKDWwe cannot speak of a simple shift from broadcasting to narrowcastingLQWKHFXUUHQWFRQYHUJHQFHHUD

'LJLWDOWHOHYLVLRQ VVFUHHQGRHVQRWVLPSO\UHSODFHWKHZLQGRZUDWKHULWUHSXUSRVHV UHPHGLDWHV DQG FRQVWDQWO\ UHFDOOV DQG UHFLUFXODWHV WHOHYLVLRQ V ZLQGRZRQWKHZRUOG SRVLWLRQLQJ LQ WKH GLJLWDO HUD $V RIWHQ DV ZH DUH SURPLVHG WKH FRQYHQLHQFH RI WKH WHOHYLVLRQ H[SHULHQFH DQ\WLPH DQ\ZKHUH ZH DUH HTXDOO\ LQYLWHG WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ FRPPXQLWLHVVKDUHWHOHYLVLRQPRPHQWVZDWFKOLYHQRZFRPHKRPHWRWHOHYLVLRQDQG VWUXFWXUHRXUGDLO\OLYHVDURXQG79 

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he Television Will Be Revolutionized 1HZ

  

6HFRQGWHOHYLVLRQLQWKHGLJLWDOODQGVFDSHFDQLQWKLVPDQQHUEHFRPSDUHGWRDmedia interface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iPlayerGLVORFDWHSURJUDPPHVIURPWKHVFKHGXOHGIORZRIWHOHYLVLRQ7KHWHOHYLVLRQDXGLHQFH LVIUDJPHQWHGLQWRDVHULHVRILQFUHDVLQJO\SHUVRQDOLVHGH[SHULHQFHVDQGFKRLFHVE\SURYLGLQJ RQGHPDQGDFFHVVWRWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVDVDIRUPRIDXGLRYLVXDOFRQWHQWWREHZDWFKHG ZKHQHYHURQZKDWHYHUGHYLFH2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWHOHYLVLRQDVDPHGLDLQWHUIDFH±RULQGHHG PHGLDLQWHUIDFHV±LVDQHYHU\GD\H[SHULHQFHVLWXDWHGZLWKLQ FRPSOH[LQGXVWULDOIORZVRID WZHQW\ILUVWFHQWXU\PHGLDLQGXVWU\ ,WUHPLQGVXVWKDWWKHPHGLXPQRZFRPSULVHVDPL[WXUH RIGLVWLQFWSODWIRUPVDQGVFUHHQVWKDWVWUXFWXUHRXUH[SHULHQFHRIYLHZLQJDQGLQWHUDFWLRQZLWK DXGLRYLVXDOFRQWHQW 7KLUG QHZ GLJLWDO WHFKQRORJLHV DOVR RIIHU JURZLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR SDFN QXPHURXV IDFLOLWLHVLQWRDGHYLFHRUVHUYLFH2QHRIWKHNH\GHYHORSPHQWVLQWKHWHOHYLVXDOODQGVFDSHLV hybrid TVRUconnected TVPHDQLQJWKHDFTXLVLWLRQRIVHUYLFHVYLDWKHGLUHFWFRQQHFWLRQRI WHOHYLVLRQZLWKQHZGLJLWDOPHGLDIRUPV±IURPOLYHWHOHYLVLRQEURDGFDVWVWRRQGHPDQGYLHZLQJ DQGJDPLQJSUDFWLFHV 7KHIXWXUHLVK\EULG SURFODLPVWKH(XURSHDQ%URDGFDVWLQJ8QLRQ (%8  LQLWV-XQHViewpointSXEOLFDWLRQ7KHK\EULGUHYROXWLRQHQWDLOVGHYLFHVDQGVHUYLFHV XVLQJERWKWKHGLJLWDOEURDGFDVWQHWZRUNDVZHOODVEURDGEDQGFRQQHFWLRQVOLQNLQJWKHQHWZRUNV RIWHOHYLVLRQDQGLQWHUQHWWRJHWKHURQRQHVFUHHQ ZLWKRQHUHPRWHFRQWURO $VPRVWWHOHYLVLRQ VHWVVROGDUHDEOHWRFRQQHFWWRWKHLQWHUQHWVLQFH DOWKRXJKWKLVDEVROXWHO\GRHVQRWPHDQ WKDWDOOVHWVERXJKWDUHZHEFRQQHFWHGE\WKHLURZQHUV WKH(%8DUJXHVWKDWFRPPRQVROXWLRQV OLQNLQJWHOHYLVLRQDQGLQWHUQHWZLOOHQFRXUDJHPRUHFRPSHWLWLRQEHWZHHQVXSSOLHUVORZHUVFRVWV DQGRIIHUVPRUHFKRLFHIRUFRQVXPHUV)RUWKHPRPHQWLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUVVXFKDVWKHQXPEHU

 .DUHQ2UU9HUHG 7HOHYLVXDO$HVWKHWLFVLQ<.)URP:LQGRZVRQWKH:RUOGWRD:LQGRZV ,QWHUIDFH Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media TechnologiesQR  ±GRL 5D\PRQG:LOOLDPVTelevision: Technology and Cultural Form 1HZ

    RIYLHZHUVUHO\LQJRQWKHWHUUHVWULDOWHOHYLVLRQSODWIRUPDQGWKHSHQHWUDWLRQRI'77VHUYLFHV LQIOXHQFHWKHVLWXDWLRQLQLQGLYLGXDOFRXQWULHV7KHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIK\EULG79RUFRQQHFWHG 79 GHSHQGV JUHDWO\ RQ WKH W\SH RI YLHZLQJ FXOWXUH UHJXODWLRQV DQG LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LQ HDFK FRXQWU\&RQVHTXHQWO\WHOHYLVLRQLVPL[HGLQZLWKGLJLWDOFXOWXUHDFURVVGLIIHUHQWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHV DQGWLPHOLQHV )LQDOO\,DUJXHWKDWLQWKHFXUUHQWPHGLDODQGVFDSHre-screeningDGGVDQRWKHUPXOWLWXGH RISRVVLELOLWLHVIRUWHOHYLVXDOUHIHUHQFHVWRWKHSDVW)RUPHUO\XQDYDLODEOHDXGLRYLVXDOPDWHULDOV DUHQRZHDVLO\DFFHVVLEOHIRUWKHSXEOLFRQDYDULHW\RIPHGLDSODWIRUPVDQGVFUHHQSUDFWLFHV YDU\LQJ IURP WUDGLWLRQDO EURDGFDVW WHOHYLVLRQ WR GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOV RQOLQH WHOHYLVLRQ DUFKLYHV DQG PRELOH WHOHYLVLRQ $V D UHVXOW PDQ\ WHOHYLVLRQ YLHZHUV ZRUOGZLGH DUH QRZ UHYLHZLQJ DQG UHPHPEHULQJ SDVW HYHQWV WKDW WKH\ SUHYLRXVO\ PLJKW KDYH KDG OLWWOH RU QR UHFROOHFWLRQRIWKURXJKDODUJHYDULHW\RIWHOHYLVXDOSURGXFWVDQGSUDFWLFHVRIUHVFUHHQLQJ± XVLQJWKHFRQFHSWLQLWVEURDGHVWVHQVHLQGLFDWLQJWKHYDVWDFFHVVWRD GLJLWDO UHSHUWRLUHRI SUHYLRXVO\WUDQVPLWWHGLPDJHVLQWRGD\ VPXOWLPHGLDWHGODQGVFDSH7HOHYLVXDOSUDFWLFHVRIUH VFUHHQLQJUHSXUSRVHSUHYLRXVO\EURDGFDVWLPDJHVDQGDUFKLYDOIRRWDJH ZKHWKHUDXGLRYLGHRRU SKRWRJUDSKLFPDWHULDO E\SRVLWLRQLQJVXFKLPDJHVLQDQHZKLVWRULFDODQGWHOHYLVXDOFRQWH[W  $W\SLFDOZHHNRIWHOHYLVLRQYLHZLQJPD\LQFOXGHPDQ\LQVWDQFHVLQZKLFKWKHSDVWLV UHSUHVHQWHGRQWHOHYLVLRQVFUHHQVDQGRWKHUSODWIRUPVYLDSUDFWLFHVRIUHVFUHHQLQJVXFKDV x IDFWXDO WHOHYLVLRQ GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOV DQG QRVWDOJLD QHWZRUNV DUFKLYHEDVHG KLVWRULHVDQGGRFXPHQWDU\SURJUDPPHVZKLFKUHSXUSRVHDUFKLYDOLPDJHVZLWKLQDQHZ FRQWH[WQHZVSURJUDPPLQJ x RQOLQHWHOHYLVLRQDUFKLYHVWKHXVHRIYLGHRVKDULQJZHEVLWHVRURSHQPHGLDSODWIRUPV E\RIILFLDODUFKLYDOLQVWLWXWLRQVILUVWWRSURYLGHWKHJHQHUDOSXEOLFZLWKDFFHVVWRWKHLU DUFKLYDOFROOHFWLRQVDQGVHFRQGWRRIIHURQOLQHDFFHVVWRDUFKLYDOIRRWDJHWRVWLPXODWH FUHDWLYHUHXVHVXFKDVWKH1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ VXVHRIWKHYLGHR VKDULQJZHEVLWHYouTubeDQGWKHRSHQPHGLDSODWIRUPOpen ImagesWKHJURZWKRI RQOLQHWHOHYLVLRQDUFKLYHVDQGFURVVGRPDLQSRUWDOVVXFKDVEuropeana DQGEUscreen ZKLFKDOVRRIIHURSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHFUHDWLYHUHXVHRIDXGLRYLVXDODUFKLYDOPDWHULDOV DVZHOODVIRUUHIOHFWLRQVRQULJKWVLVVXHVUHODWHGWRWKHUHXVHRIDXGLRYLVXDOPDWHULDO LQWKHGLJLWDOHUD x PXVHXPH[SHULHQFHVUHVFUHHQLQJDVDPXVHXPH[SHULHQFHRUWRXULVWDWWUDFWLRQIRUWKH JHQHUDOSXEOLFZKLFKHPSOR\VFRQWHPSRUDU\VWUDWHJLHVRIPXVHXPH[KLELWLRQDSSHDOLQJ WR QRVWDOJLD ± VXFK GHYHORSPHQWV DUH SDUW RI WHOHYLVLRQ  DUFKLYHV SURYLGLQJ JUHDWHU DFFHVVDQGXWLOLVDWLRQRIDXGLRYLVXDOPDWHULDOVQRWRQO\LQWKHDUFKLYHLWVHOIEXWDOVR WKURXJKPXOWLPHGLDSXEOLFIDFLOLWLHV x RQGHPDQG RQOLQH DQG VWUHDPLQJ  VHUYLFHV UHSHDWV RQGHPDQG RQOLQH DQG VWUHDPLQJ VHUYLFHVDFFHVVWR PLVVHG WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVYLDFDWFKXS79VHUYLFHV DQGWKHVFKHGXOLQJRIUHSHDWVLQFOXGLQJDFFODLPHGDQGSRSXODUWHOHYLVLRQVHULHVIURP

  (86SHFWUXP3ROLF\ (%89LHZSRLQW %UXVVHOV(XURSHDQ%URDGFDVWLQJ8QLRQ1RYHPEHU  KWWSVZZZHEXFKFRQWHQWVSXEOLFDWLRQVYLHZSRLQWVHEXYLHZSRLQWVSHFWUXPKWPO  %HHOGHQ*HOXLG

  

DQHDUOLHUHUD)RUH[DPSOHWKHDJJUHVVLYHPXOWLPLOOLRQELGGLQJZDUIRU 6(,1)(/' V VWUHDPLQJULJKWVWRLWVHSLVRGHVZDVXOWLPDWHO\ZRQE\+XOX x KLJKOLJKWUHYLHZLQJWKHDFWLYLW\RIUHYLHZLQJ PXVWVHH WHOHYLVHGPRPHQWVDQGHYHQWV LQWKHIRUPRIVKRUWFOLSVRUFRPSLODWLRQVZKHWKHUIURPRQHSURJUDPPHRUDYDULHW\RI SURJUDPPHV ZKLFK VHUYHV GLIIHUHQW IXQFWLRQV LQ GLIIHUHQW FRQWH[WV 7KLQN RI LQIRUPDWLYH SURJUDPPHV WDON VKRZV DQG TXL] VKRZV DQG DOVR IHDWXUHV RI WKH FRQWHPSRUDU\WHOHYLVLRQVHULHVIRUH[DPSOHWKH SUHYLRXVO\RQ« RYHUYLHZRIWHQXVHG LQILFWLRQDOVHULHVZKLFKUHPLQGVYLHZHUVRILPSRUWDQWSURFHHGLQJV7KLVFDWHJRU\DOVR LQFOXGHG YLGHRVKDULQJ VLWHV DQG ZHE SDJHV IRU LQVWDQFH SXEOLF EURDGFDVWHU 9$5$ SURYLGHVDZHHNO\RYHUYLHZRIVL[FOLSV WKDWVKRXOGQRWEHPLVVHG  LQFOXGLQJRQHFODVVLF FOLS IURP WKH DUFKLYHV  RQ LWV WHOHYLVLRQ JXLGH ZHEVLWH ZKLOH 132 >'XWFK 3XEOLF %URDGFDVWLQJ@ODXQFKHGWKH

 %ULDQ6WHOWHU *LGG\XS6(,1)(/',V1RZ6WUHDPLQJRQ+XOX CNN Money-XQH KWWSPRQH\FQQFRPPHGLDKXOXVHLQIHOG  'HRRJVW Varagids HomepageDFFHVVHG-XQHKWWSYDUDJLGVYDUDQOLQGH[SKS"LG   'HSXEOLHNHRPURHSYHUWHOWMRXZYHUKDDO Nederlandse Publieke Omroep HomepageDFFHVVHG -XQHKWWSMRXZYHUKDDOSXEOLHNHRPURHSQO )RUDGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHQHFURORJ\DVDIRUPRIWHOHYLVXDOPHPRU\VHH$P\+ROGVZRUWK 7HOHYLVXDO 0HPRU\ ScreenQR  ±GRLVFUHHQKMT /\QQ6SLJHOKDVGHVFULEHGWKLVWUHQGDV 'R,W

    x UHPDNHVRIFHOHEUDWHGWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVWKHLQFUHDVHGUHYLYLQJ DOVRUHERRW RI FHOHEUDWHGWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVDVUHPDNHVVXFKWH[WVUHDSSHDUDVWHOHYLVLRQUHPDNHV EXW DOVR UHHPHUJH LQ GLIIHUHQW PHGLD IRUPDWV 7KLQN RI WKH UHYLYDOV RI <(635,0( 0,1,67(5 8.79 *ROG   '2&725 :+2 %%& ±  8367$,56 '2:167$,56 %%& ±  DQG 32/'$5. %%&   WKH XSFRPLQJ UHERRW RI +(52(6 DV +(52(65(%251 RQ1%&LQ±DQGIROORZXSVWR7:,13($.6 6KRZWLPHWRDLU LQ 7+(;),/(6 )2;WRDLULQ DQG)8//+286( DV)8//(5+286(1HWIOL[, WR DLU LQ   EXW DOVR XSGDWLQJ UXQGRZQ IRUPDWV OLNH %,* %527+(5 LQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV 9HURQLFD57/ ±  WKURXJK UHFHQW UHLQFDUQDWLRQV OLNH , 6859,9('$=20%,($32&$/<36( %%& DQG8723,$ 6%6±  x 79 UHYLHZ SODWIRUPV ZHEVLWHV VXFK DV The A.V. Club DQG TV.com ZKLFK IHDWXUH DPRQJVW RWKHUV GHWDLOHG HSLVRGH JXLGHV DQG WHOHYLVLRQ VKRZ GHVFULSWLRQV XVHU FRPPHQWDU\DQGGLVFXVVLRQVYLGHRVFDVWDQGFUHZOLVWLQJVVXFKSUDFWLFHVDOVRLQFOXGH OLYH WDONVKRZVDQGSRGFDVWVGHGLFDWHGWRUHYLHZLQJWHOHYLVLRQVKRZVIRULQVWDQFH 7$/.,1* '($' $0& ±  D SRGFDVW GHGLFDWHG WR $0& V 7+( :$/.,1* '($' 7KHVHSODWIRUPVRIWHQHQFRXUDJHXVHUSDUWLFLSDWLRQDQG8*& 7KHVHSULQFLSDOH[DPSOHVRUSURWRW\SHVRIWHOHYLVXDOUHVFUHHQLQJ±DQGSOHDVHQRWHWKDWWKLVOLVW LVQRWH[KDXVWLYH±RQWKHRQHKDQGUHSXUSRVHSUHYLRXVO\WUDQVPLWWHGDQGDUFKLYDOLPDJHVDQG RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG PHPRULDOLVH WKH KLVWRU\ RI WHOHYLVLRQ 6HYHUDORIWKHVHSUDFWLFHVDUHQRW QHFHVVDULO\QHZ±VXFKDVWKHFROOHFWLQJDQGUHFRUGLQJRIWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVRUWKHXVHRI DUFKLYDOPDWHULDOVLQWHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDULHV±ZKLFKPDNHVLWHYHQPRUHVWULNLQJWRZLWQHVV KRZWHOHYLVXDOIRUPVRIUHVFUHHQLQJKDYHJUDGXDOO\EHHQIXUWKHULQWHJUDWHGLQERWKH[LVWLQJDQG QHZPHGLDSUDFWLFHV8VHUVLQPRGHUQVRFLHWLHVDUHEHFRPLQJPRUHDQGPRUHXVHGWRIDVWDQG HDV\DFFHVVWRVXFKD GLJLWDO UHSHUWRLUH+RZHYHULQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\ULJKWVPD\DOVRUHVWULFW WKLVUHSHUWRLUHLQFOXGLQJFRS\ULJKWDQGUHODWHGULJKWVIRULQVWDQFHDSODWIRUPOLNHWKH@ UHXVH >RI@ LW LQ DQRWKHU  ,QVWHDG WHOHYLVXDO SUDFWLFHVRIUHVFUHHQLQJFRQWDLQWKHLQWHJUDWLRQDQGDGDSWDWLRQRISDVWWHOHYLVLRQDQG DXGLRYLVXDO DUFKLYH PDWHULDOV LQ D QHZ FRQWH[W RI WHOHYLVLRQ LWVHOI ,W LV DSSDUHQW WKDW WKH FLUFXODWLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQPDWHULDOVLVQRORQJHUOLPLWHGWRWKHWHOHYLVLRQVHWLWVHOIDVWHOHYLVLRQ WRGD\LVSDUWRIDPXFKZLGHUFXOWXUHRIFLUFXODWLRQDQGPRUHGLVWLQFWFXOWXUHVRIWHOHYLVLRQ YLHZLQJ  6HHDOVR)UDQN0HOLV +HWDXWHXUVUHFKWHOLMNH]ZDDUG(HQLQWHUSUHWDWLHYHUHSHUWRLUHDQDO\VHQDDUGH YHURQGHUVWHOOLQJHQRYHUKHW1HGHUODQGVHDXWHXUVUHFKWLQUHODWLHWRWGHGRHOVWHOOLQJHQYDQGLJLWDO KXPDQLWLHV  0$8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\ ± -D\'DYLG%ROWHUDQG5LFKDUG*UXVLQRemediation: Understanding New Media &DPEULGJH0$ 0,73UHVV 0DWV-|QVVRQ 0DUFLPDLQVWUHDP"+LVWRU\LQ7ZR&RQWHPSRUDU\6ZHGLVK79 6HULHV Film InternationalQR  ±GRLILLQ

  

7H[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHDLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV   NPO DocORRNLQJDWWKHZRUOGZLWKGLIIHUHQWH\HV $QDQDO\VLVRIWKHGRFXPHQWDU\SODWIRUPRI'XWFKSXEOLFWHOHYLVLRQNPO DocFDQVKHGOLJKW RQKRZWHOHYLVLRQ VK\EULGLW\IORZVIURPWKHFURVVPHGLDFLUFXODWLRQRIWHOHYLVXDOFRQWHQWDQG KRZWKLVDIIHFWVWHOHYLVXDOSUDFWLFHVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\NPO DocH[HPSOLILHVWKHPXOWLIDFHWHG ZD\RIORRNLQJDWDQGJDLQLQJDFFHVVWRWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPLQJWKURXJKDYDULHW\RIFRQQHFWHG WH[WVLQWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\PHGLDODQGVFDSH7KHNPO DocSODWIRUPHQFRPSDVVHVIRXUPHGLD WH[WVZKLFKDUH Ɣ WKHGRFXPHQWDU\IHDWXUHSURJUDPPHNPO Doc EURDGFDVWZHHNO\RQWKHVHFRQG'XWFK SXEOLFWHOHYLVLRQFKDQQHO Ɣ WKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHONPO Doc Ɣ Radio DocWKHZHHNO\EURDGFDVWRIDVKRUWDQGORQJGRFXPHQWDU\RQSXEOLFVHUYLFH FKDQQHO5DGLR Ɣ DQG ILQDOO\ WKH ZHEVLWH 132'RFQO ZKLFK RIIHUV D OLYH VWUHDP RI WKH GLJLWDO GRFXPHQWDU\FKDQQHOSOXVPRUHWKDQRQHWKRXVDQGWHOHYLVLRQDQGUDGLRGRFXPHQWDULHV RQGHPDQG DV ZHOO DV EDFNJURXQG LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLWK GRFXPHQWDULHV QHZV DQG LQWHUYLHZVZLWKGRFXPHQWDU\PDNHUV 7KHYLHZHU VDWWHQWLRQLVGLVSHUVHGDFURVVDUDQJHRILQIRUPDWLRQSRLQWVZKLFKFDQDOVRWULJJHU DXGLHQFHV ZKHUHWRORRN RUWROLQNKLVWRULFDODQGDUFKLYDOFRQWHQWIURPRQHSODWIRUPWRDQRWKHU )RU H[DPSOH WKH NPO Doc ZHEVLWH RIIHUV YLVLWRUV D YDULHW\ RI HQWU\ SRLQWV WR DFFHVV LWV WHOHYLVLRQDQGUDGLRSURJUDPPLQJDQGRQOLQHDUFKLYH7KHKRPHSDJH VHH)LJXUHIRUDQ RYHUYLHZRIDFFHVVWRWKHNPO DocUHSHUWRLUH GLVSHUVHVWKHYLVLWRU VDWWHQWLRQDFURVVDUDQJH RILQIRUPDWLRQWULJJHUVSURPSWLQJWKHDXGLHQFHV LQWHUHVWE\KLJKOLJKWLQJVSHFLILFSURJUDPPLQJ VSRWOLJKW GUDZLQJDWWHQWLRQWRSURJUDPPLQJLQWKHPHZHHNVUHFHQWEURDGFDVWVWRFDWFKXS ZLWKDQGDPDLQHPSKDVLVRQWKHNPO DocOLYHVWUHDP9LVLWRUVRQWKHSRUWDOFDQEURZVH WKURXJKDVHOHFWLRQRINH\WKHPHVRQWKHKRPHSDJHWRDFFHVVFRQQHFWHGWHOHYLVLRQDQGUDGLR GRFXPHQWDULHVDQGDFWLYHO\HQJDJHZLWKWKHPHGLDWH[WVLQWKHUHSHUWRLUH 7KHK\EULGLW\RIWKHSODWIRUPLVPDGHYLVLEOHWKURXJKWKHdispersed accessWRDZLGH UDQJH RI SURJUDPPHV ,Q $SULO  WKH GRFXPHQWDU\ FKDQQHO NPO DocPHUJHVZLWKWKH KLVWRULFDOFKDQQHONPO Geschiedenis >NPOHistory@ SUHYLRXVO\WLWOHGGeschiedenis24 ZLWK NPO GeschiedenisUHWDLQLQJLWVIXQFWLRQDVDQRQOLQHZHESRUWDOLQWRWKHSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHU V KLVWRULFDO FRQWHQW 7KH GLJLWDO FKDQQHO NPO Doc EURDGFDVWV KLVWRULFDO VRFLDO DQG VFLHQWLILF GRFXPHQWDULHV 7KH FKDQQHO V PDLQ JRDO LV WR RSHQ XS DFFHVV WR SUHYLRXVO\ EURDGFDVW  GRFXPHQWDU\ SURJUDPPLQJ DQG WR SURYLGH PRUH LQGHSWK XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ZLWK GRFXPHQWDU\ FRQWHQW IRU 'XWFK DXGLHQFHV $XGLHQFHV FDQQRW RQO\ LQWHUDFW DQG HQJDJH ZLWK FRQWHQW YLD

   

 )LJ0RQWKO\XVHUVNPO DocPXOWLPHGLDSODWIRUP±6RXUFH1HGHUODQGVH3XEOLHNH 2PURHS3XEOLHNVRQGHU]RHN 0DUFK'HFHPEHU 9352$QDO\VH 5HVHDUFK ZHEVLWH VWDWLVWLFV0DUFK'HFHPEHU   7KHJUDSKDERYH>)LJ@SURYLGHVDQRYHUYLHZRIWKHFXPXODWLYHQXPEHURIYLVLWRUV SHU PRQWK IRU WKH NPO Doc ZHEVLWH WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPH UDGLR SURJUDPPH DQG GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHO EHWZHHQ 0DUFK  DQG 'HFHPEHU  7KH JUDSK SRLQWV WRZDUGV FRUUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQWKHWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHDQGWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOPRVWDSSDUHQW LQWKHSHULRGV1RYHPEHU±'HFHPEHUDQG'HFHPEHU7KHWUHQGVGLVSOD\HGLQ WKHVHSHULRGVDUHFRPSDUDEOHIRUWKHWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHDQGWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHO 7KLVFRXOGSRLQWWRZDUGVDVXFFHVVIXOFURVVSODWIRUPVFKHGXOLQJVWUDWHJ\RINPO DocEXWWKHVH VWDWLVWLFVFDQQRWEHXVHGDVFRQFOXVLYHHYLGHQFHIRUWKLV3HDNVLQWRWDOYLHZHUVRIWKHWHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPHFDQEHVHHQLQ1RYHPEHU-DQXDU\DQGHVSHFLDOO\)HEUXDU\DQG -XQH7KHILUVWWZRSHDNVFDQEHVHHQLQERWKWKHWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHDQGWKHGLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHO ZKLOH WKH ODWWHU WZR GR QRW FRLQFLGH ZLWK SHDNV RQ RWKHU FKDQQHOV ,Q 1RYHPEHU  WKH GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHO ZDV PDGH DYDLODEOH ZLWKRXW DGGLWLRQDO VXEVFULSWLRQ FRVWV RQ WKH HYHQW FKDQQHOV RI WZR RI WKH ODUJHVW FDEOH RSHUDWRUV LQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV GXH WR WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'RFXPHQWDU\ )HVWLYDO $PVWHUGDP ±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

  

'XWFKSXEOLFFKDQQHOJHQHUDOO\EURDGFDVWVIRXUWRILYHNPO DocGRFXPHQWDULHVSHUPRQWK ZLWKVRPHH[FHSWLRQVGXULQJWKHPHZHHNV IRULQVWDQFHWKHUHPHPEUDQFHRI:RUOG:DU,,HDFK 0D\  1HJDWLYH H[FHSWLRQV DUH $XJXVW  DQG -XQH  ZLWK UHVSHFWLYHO\ WZR DQG RQH GRFXPHQWDU\LQWKHVHPRQWKV:KHUHDVSXEOLFVHUYLFHEURDGFDVWLQJRIWHQIXQFWLRQVDVDPDLQ PRWLYDWRURULQFHQWLYHIRUZHEVLWHYLVLWVWKHVHH[FHSWLRQVLQWKHQXPEHURIVFUHHQLQJVRQWKH SXEOLFVHUYLFHFKDQQHOGRQRWVHHPWRLQIOXHQFHYLVLWLQJILJXUHVIRUWKHRWKHUWKUHHSODWIRUPV 2YHUDOOWKHDXGLHQFHILJXUHVIRUWKHZHEVLWHUDGLRDQGGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHODUHUHODWLYHO\ VWDEOHQHYHUWKHOHVVWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOKDVVHHQDVKDUS LQFUHDVH LQ UDWLQJV VLQFH 2FWREHU5DWLQJVIRUWKHWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHDUHRQWKHULVHZLWKWKHH[FHSWLRQRIWKH SHULRG-XO\±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ocLVJHQHUDOO\WDUJHWHG WRZDUGVDUHODWLYHO\VPDOOHUQLFKHDXGLHQFHGHILQHGDVde kritische verdiepingzoekerWKHcritical viewer DSSUR[LPDWHO\   ORRNLQJ IRU LQ GHSWK DQG EDFNJURXQG LQIRUPDWLRQ NPO Doc s VORJDQWRWDUJHWWKLVDXGLHQFHLV ORRNDWWKHZRUOGZLWKGLIIHUHQWH\HV $VVXFKWKHSODWIRUP SURYLGHVDFFHVVWRDVSHFLILFUHSRVLWRU\RIPHGLDWH[WV7KHPDWLFFKDQQHOVRIWHQRIIHUFRQWHQW ZKLFKLVIRUDYDULHW\RIUHDVRQVOHVVYLVLEOHRQPDLQSXEOLFFKDQQHOV7KLVLVWKHFDVHIRUNPO DocQRWRQO\KDVGRFXPHQWDU\SURJUDPPLQJLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVEHHQGHILQHGDVD YXOQHUDEOH DUWLVWLFSURGXFW EXWGLJLWDOFKDQQHONPO DocDOVRRIIHUVURRPIRUH[SHULPHQWDWLRQDQGD SRGLXP IRU QHZFRPHUV &RQWUDU\ WR LWV QDPH NPO Doc WUDQVFHQGV QDWLRQDO ERUGHUV DQG FRQQRWDWLRQV7KHSODWIRUP VHGLWRULDOVWDIIDUHEDVHGDWWKH'XWFKSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHU9352 EXWGRFXPHQWDULHVDUHGHULYHGIURPGLYHUVHEURDGFDVWLQJOLFHQFHKROGHUVLQDQGRXWVLGHRIWKH 1HWKHUODQGV)RUWKHSDVWIHZ\HDUVGLJLWDOFKDQQHONPO DocKDVDOVRSURYLGHGD 0DNHUVRI 7RPRUURZ WLPHVORWZKHUHVWXGHQWVDQG\RXQJ(XURSHDQGRFXPHQWDU\PDNHUVFDQEURDGFDVW WKHLUZRUN%\VFKHGXOLQJWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVNPO DocSURYLGHVDFFHVVWRFXUUHQW  0LOO\%XRQDQQRThe Age of Television: Experiences and TheoriesWUDQV-HQQLIHU5DGLFH %ULVWRO ,QWHOOHFW%RRNV ± ,ELG ,ELG  0LQGHUGRFXPHQWDLUHVELM3XEOLHNH2PURHS Holland Doc Homepage0DUFK KWWSZZZKROODQGGRFQOQLHXZVPDDUW0LQGHUGRFXPHQWDLUHVELM3XEOLHNH2PURHSKWPO

    DQG WLPHKRQRXUHG GRFXPHQWDULHV SUHYLRXVO\ DLUHG RQ WKH VHFRQG SXEOLF FKDQQHO LQKRXVH SURGXFHGRUDFTXLUHGIURPDEURDG,QWKLVPDQQHUWKHUDQJHRISURJUDPPHVVFUHHQHGDVZHOO DVWKHVWUDWHJLHVXVHGE\WKHLUGRFXPHQWDU\PDNHUVWRUHSUHVHQWWKHSDVWRQWKHVPDOOVFUHHQLV LQFUHGLEO\YDULHG   ,QKRXVHSURGXFWLRQVDVSUDFWLFHVRIFRQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQ 7KHSODWIRUPWKHUHIRUHSODFHVDPDLQHPSKDVLVRQWKHcontextualisationRIFRQWHQW6HOHFWHG SURJUDPPHVIRUWKHNPO DocFDQRQDUHUHIUDPHGDQGFRQWH[WXDOLVHGWRRIIHUWHOHYLVLRQXVHUV D PRUH LQGHSWK H[SHULHQFH 6RQMD GH /HHXZ KDV DUJXHG KRZ FRQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQ DQG WKH SURYLGLQJRIDIUDPHZRUNIRULQWHUSUHWDWLRQLVDUHTXLUHPHQWIRUXVDELOLW\DQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQ WKH HUD RI FRQQHFWLYLW\ 8VHUV PLJKW EH DEOH WR UHWULHYH LWHPV \HW ZLWKRXW FRQWH[W DQG D IUDPHZRUN IRU LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ WKH FXOWXUDO DQG PDWHULDO XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI VHOHFWHG FRQWHQW UHPDLQV OLPLWHG  NPO Doc LQ SDUWLFXODU FRQWH[WXDOLVHV LWV RZQ VFKHGXOHG SURJUDPPLQJ WKURXJKLQKRXVHSURGXFWLRQV7KHVHVKRUWSURGXFWLRQVDUHDOVRPDGHDYDLODEOHYLD'2&8 *8(676@ +ROODQG132 'RF ±  ZKHUH JXHVWSURJUDPPHUV DUH LQYLWHG WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ WKH VHOHFWLRQRIGRFXPHQWDU\FRQWHQWDQGWRH[SODLQWKHLUFKRLFHVRQFDPHUD'RFXPHQWDU\PDNHU +HGG\+RQLJPDQQZKRVHZRUNLVH[WHQVLYHO\IHDWXUHGRQWKHNPO DocZHEVLWHH[SODLQVLQ WKHHSLVRGHRI2FWREHUZK\VKHFKRRVHVWRVFKHGXOHWKH5XVVLDQGRFXPHQWDU\%5($' '$<7KHLWHPUHYHDOVZK\+RQLJPDQQWDNHVWKHYLHZWKDWGRFXPHQWDULHVVXFKDV%5($''$< VKRXOG EH SURGXFHG %RWK WKHVH SURGXFWLRQV DUH DYDLODEOH YLD WKH NPO Doc ZHEVLWH WKH SODWIRUP V

  

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± HYHQDVIDUDVD\HDULQDGYDQFH7KHDFTXLVLWLRQRIGRFXPHQWDULHVDOVRWDNHVWLPH7KHUHIRUH DFWXDOLW\ LQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOLVPRUHDULWXDOLVHGIRUPRIDFWXDOLW\ ZKHUHVFKHGXOLQJLVGHYLVHGWRGRYHWDLOZLWKLPSRUWDQWGDWHV DQQLYHUVDULHVFRPPHPRUDWLRQV  DQGHYHQWVVRWKDWSURJUDPPLQJFDQEHVFKHGXOHGZHOOLQDGYDQFH 7KHLPSRUWDQFHRIpacingDQGtimingRIWKHVFKHGXOHLVPDGHHYLGHQWE\WKHUHEURDGFDVW RI0LFKDHO$SWHG V83VHULHV ,79%%&± LQZKLFKPHPEHUVRIWKHVDPHJURXSRI %ULWLVKSHRSOHDUHLQWHUYLHZHGRQDUDQJHRIVXEMHFWVHYHU\VHYHQ\HDUV$FFRUGLQJWRNPO Doc HGLWRULQFKLHI+DQVMHYDQ(WWHQWKHHQWLUH83VHULHVLVQRWRQO\KLVWRU\RIWKHODVWILIW\\HDUV EXWSDUWRIWKHFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\RIDVSHFLILFJURXSRI'XWFKYLHZHUVSDUWLFXODUO\WKH9352 YLHZHU 7DNLQJP\VHOIDVDQH[DPSOH,KDYHNHSWXSZLWKWKHVHULHVWKURXJKRXWWKH\HDUVDQG \RXWHQGWREHFRPHYHU\DWWDFKHGWRWKHVHSHRSOH>«@\RXV\PSDWKLVHZLWKWKHP\RXDUHDSDUW RIWKDWJHQHUDWLRQ $OWKRXJK0LFKDHO$SWHGKDVKDGWRUHDGMXVWKLVSULQFLSDODUJXPHQWDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ%ULWDLQDVDFODVVVRFLHW\WKHGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHVSURYLGHVLQVLJKWVLQWRWKHFKDQJHV WKDW KDYH RFFXUUHG LQ :HVWHUQ VRFLHW\ WKURXJKRXW WKH ODVW ILIW\ \HDUV $SWHG V PRVW UHFHQW HQGHDYRXU83 ,79 ZDVEURDGFDVWRQ'XWFKSXEOLFWHOHYLVLRQLQWKUHHSDUWV Holland Doc±-DQXDU\ ,QWKHUXQXSWRWKHEURDGFDVWWKHSUHFHGLQJFKDSWHUVLQWKHVHULHV ZHUHUHEURDGFDVWZHHNE\ZHHNLQODWHSURGXFLQJDEXLOGXSVLPLODUWRWKHORQJGRF IRUPDWLWVHOIDOEHLWLQDFRQGHQVHGIDVKLRQ 1H[WWRWKHZHHNO\WKHPHVSURJUDPPHVDUHVFKHGXOHGDWVSHFLILFSRLQWVLQWKHZHHN V EURDGFDVWLQJVFKHGXOHWRPDNHmeaningful connectionsZLWKKLVWRULFDOSURJUDPPHVEURDGFDVW RQSXEOLFWHOHYLVLRQRUUDGLR)RULQVWDQFHDSXEOLFEURDGFDVWRIWKHKLVWRU\SURJUDPPH$1'(5(

 +DQVMHYDQ(WWHQVWXGLHG$UW+LVWRU\DW8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\)URPWLOOVKHZRUNHGIRU 1225'(5/,&+7>1257+(51/,*+76@DVFLHQFHSURJUDPPHE\9352)RUWKHHSLVRGH*28'(15,-67 *(1(7,6&+*28'>*2/'(15,&(*(1(7,&*2/'@VKHUHFHLYHGWKH:DJHQLQJV8QLYHUVLWHLWV)RQGV :8) 3HUVSULMV>:DJHQLQJHQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV$ZDUG@7KHMXU\UHSRUWH[SUHVVHG DSSUHFLDWLRQIRUWKHIDFWWKDW1225'(5/,&+7SRSXODULVHGVFLHQFHYLDWHOHYLVLRQUDGLRDQGQHZPHGLD 6LQFH-XO\WLOO-XO\9DQ(WWHQZDVLQFKDUJHRIWKHGLJLWDOGRFXPHQWDU\FKDQQHONPO Doc DQGWKHZHEVLWHQSRGRFQO,QWKHIXWXUHVKHZRXOGOLNHWRGHYHORSPXOWLPHGLDSURMHFWV 9DQ(WWHQ+DQVMH3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP1RYHPEHU4XRWHLQ'XWFK $OVLN PLM]HOIDOVYRRUEHHOGQHHPLNKHEGHVHULHGRRUGHMDUHQKHHQJHYROJGHQMHKHEWGHQHLJLQJRP]HHU JHKHFKWWHUDNHQDDQGH]HPHQVHQ>«@MHV\PSDWKLVHHUWPHWKHQMHEHQWHHQGHHOYDQGLHJHQHUDWLH  $OOWUDQVODWLRQVE\WKHDXWKRU

   

7,-'(1>&+$1*,1*7,0(6@ 1361759352±  GLVFXVVHGLQ&KDSWHU RQDVEHVWRVLV GLUHFWO\IROORZHGE\WKHGRFXPHQWDU\$6%(677+(6,/(17.,//(5 .52'HFHPEHU RQ NPO Doc RU D SXEOLF EURDGFDVW RI WKH KLVWRU\ GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV '( *28'(1 ((8: >7+( *2/'(1$*(@ 1759352± ZLOOEHIROORZHGE\WKHEURDGFDVWRIDGRFXPHQWDU\ RQ'XWFKSDLQWHU5HPEUDQGWYDQ5LMQRQNPO Doc3URPRWLRQLVHVVHQWLDOKHUHWRFRQQHFWXVHUV ZLWKFRQWHQWDFURVVSODWIRUPVDQGWRNHHSXVHUVLQIRUPHGDQGXSWRGDWHRIWKHVFKHGXOH YLD WHOHYLVLRQWHOHYLVLRQJXLGH)DFHERRN7ZLWWHU 7KHSODWIRUPXVHVFURVVSURPRWLRQZHHNO\ SURPRV DQG PRQWKO\ SURPRV RQ LWV GLIIHUHQW VFUHHQV LQFOXGLQJ NostalgiaNet@ VKRZVWKHFUXFLDOUROHSOD\HGE\SURJUDPPHPDNHUVLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGFLUFXODWLRQRIOLYLQJ KLVWRU\LQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUDDQGWKHUROHRIQDWLRQDOFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\LQWKHFUHDWLYHDFW RIVFKHGXOLQJRQWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHO'UDZLQJXSRQDYDULHW\RIDUFKLYHVDQGDUFKLYDO PDWHULDOV IURP WKH SHULRG ± NostalgieNet UHEURDGFDVWV SRSXODU 'XWFK WHOHYLVLRQ GUDPDVHULHVDQGILOPVDQGSURGXFHVLWVRZQQRVWDOJLDSURJUDPPHV7KLVFRPPHUFLDOFKDQQHO  -RKQ(OOLV 6FKHGXOLQJ7KH/DVW&UHDWLYH$FWLQ7HOHYLVLRQ" Media, Culture & SocietyQR  ±GRL 0DUF$QGUHMHYLF 7KH7ZHQW\)LUVW&HQWXU\7HOHVFUHHQ LQTelevision Studies After TV: Understanding Television in the Post-Broadcast EraHG*UDHPH7XUQHUDQG-LQQD7D\ /RQGRQDQG 1HZ

  

LVSDUWRIWKHVWDQGDUGSDFNDJHRIOHDGLQJVXSSOLHUVRIGLJLWDOWHOHYLVLRQLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV)URP WKH VWDUW LQ  NostalgieNet KDV FDWHUHG WR LWV DXGLHQFHV DV D FURVVPHGLD SODWIRUP DQG IXQFWLRQV DV D G\QDPLF PXOWLSODWIRUP DUFKLYH WKURXJK LWV YLGHR RQGHPDQG VHUYLFH7KH SURJUDPPLQJLVWDUJHWHGWRZDUGVDPRUHVHQLRUDXGLHQFHEHWZHHQIRUW\ILYHWRVL[W\ILYH\HDUV ROG±DJURXSZKLFKDOVRYHU\PXFKZDQWVWREHWDNHQVHULRXVO\RQVRFLDOPHGLD±DQGLVDOVR YDOXHG E\ \RXQJHU YLHZHUV DV FXOW SURJUDPPLQJ ,WV QDUURZFDVWLQJ WKXV WDUJHWV GLYHUVH DXGLHQFHJURXSV7KLVUHVXUUHFWLRQRIDUFKLYHGWHOHYLVLRQIRUSXEOLFFRQVXPSWLRQH[HPSOLILHV ZKDW$P\+ROGVZRUWKKDVGHVFULEHGDVWKHFOHDUPDUNLQJRIWKHcurrencyRIWHOHYLVLRQPHPRU\ DQGQRVWDOJLDDQGWKHH[SORLWDWLRQRIDEURDGFDVWHUV  VOHHSLQJDVVHWV ±DOWKRXJKWKHUHDUH VRPHFRQGLWLRQVKHUHZKLFK,ZLOOGLVFXVV)URP6HSWHPEHURQZDUGVNostalgieNet ZLOOEHFRPHONS >US@/LNH NostalgieNet, ONSRSWVIRUDWDUJHWJURXSRIDFWLYHVHQLRUFLWL]HQV ZLWKDORWRIVSDUHWLPH7KHSURJUDPPLQJHQKDQFHVWUDYHOQDWXUHFXOWXUHKLVWRU\QRVWDOJLD KHDOWKDQGIRRGHQWHUWDLQPHQWGUDPDDQG'XWFKILOPV1HZDUH%,-216$$17$)(/>',1(:,7+ 86@ 216± DZHHNO\EURDGFDVWIURPDEHDFKSDYLOLRQLQ=DQGYRRUWDQG'(*28'(1 -$5(1>7+(*2/'(1<($56@ 216± LQYROYLQJPRGHUQKLVWRU\:KHUHDVNostalgieNet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±IRU H[DPSOHLQWKHFDVHRIPXVLFSURJUDPPLQJZKLFKDUHWKHQWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWIRUVFKHGXOLQJ

 7KHNostalgieNet FURVVPHGLDSODWIRUPLQFOXGHVDZHEVKRSPDJD]LQHZHEVLWHQHZVOHWWHUDQG LQWHUDFWLYHVHUYLFHVRQ)DFHERRNDQG7ZLWWHU±LQFOXGLQJPRGHVWSRVVLELOLWLHVRI FRDXWKRUVKLS  UHJDUGLQJLWVRZQSURJUDPPLQJPHDQLQJWKDWYLHZHUVFDQXVH)DFHERRNDSSOLFDWLRQWRFUHDWHWKHLU RZQOLVWSUHIHUHQFHIRUH[DPSOHUHJDUGLQJPXVLFSURJUDPPLQJZKLFKZLOOWKHQEHDOVREHDSSOLHGWR WKHSURJUDPPLQJ\RXVHHRQWHOHYLVLRQ 7KHFKDQQHOIHDWXUHVDODUJHYDULHW\RISURJUDPPLQJIURPILFWLRQDOILOPVDQGWHOHYLVLRQGUDPD VHULHV FODVVLFILOPVDVZHOODVIRUJRWWHQJHPV WRQRQILFWLRQQRVWDOJLDSURJUDPPLQJQDWLRQDODVZHOO DVUHJLRQDOWRSLFVDQGLQWHUHVWVFRORXUDQGEODFNDQGZKLWHIRRWDJHJHQHUDOO\EHWZHHQ± DOWKRXJKDUFKLYDOPDWHULDOVXVHGIURPWKH3RO\JRRQDUFKLYH RWKHUDUFKLYHVDUHIRULQVWDQFH59'DQG (\H)LOP,QVWLWXWHIRUILOPV FDQGDWHEDFNWR +ROGVZRUWK 7HOHYLVXDO0HPRU\   3HUVEHULFKW216'H=HQGHU9RRU3OXVVHUV NostalgieNet HomepageDFFHVVHG6HSWHPEHU KWWSZZZQRVWDOJLHQHWQOSHUVRQV :HONRP%LM216 ONS HomepageDFFHVVHG 6HSWHPEHUKWWSNLMNELMRQVQOEURFKXUHLQGH[KWPOSDJH

    7KLVIRUPRIOLYLQJKLVWRU\DGKHUHVWRIHHOLQJVRFFXUULQJZKHQZDWFKLQJDSURJUDPPH IRUWKHILUVWWLPHDQGDOVRWRWHOHYLVLRQDVDVKDUHGH[SHULHQFHNostalgieNetZDQWVWRDFKLHYH ERWKWKURXJKWKHVHOHFWLRQDQGWKURXJKFRQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQRIDUFKLYDOFRQWHQWDQGE\PDNLQJ PHDQLQJIXO FRQQHFWLRQV WKURXJK D FURVVPHGLD VWUDWHJ\ NostalgieNet V FUHDWRUV UHJDUG QRVWDOJLD DV emotion DV VRPHWKLQJ GLIIHUHQW IURP KLVWRULFDO IDFWV DQG WKLV HPRWLRQ PDNHV VKDULQJDQGVKDUHGH[SHULHQFHVSRVVLEOH$VDQLFKHFKDQQHOWKHSODWIRUPDLPVWREULQJSHRSOH WRJHWKHUEDVHGRQWKHLURZQLQWHUHVWVUHJDUGLQJWKHLURZQSDVWWRFUHDWHDFROOHFWLYHIHHOLQJRI ,UHPHPEHUWKDW :KHWKHUWKHVHDUHVKDUHGLQWHUHVWVLQPXVLFRUKREELHVWKLVVWUDWHJ\DGYRFDWHV EULQJLQJSHRSOHWRJHWKHUXVLQJQRVWDOJLDDVDFRPPRQGHQRPLQDWRU 7KH DQDO\VLV RI WKH VFKHGXOLQJ RQ WKH NostalgieNet SODWIRUP UHYHDOV KRZ WHOHYLVLRQ SURIHVVLRQDOVDFWLYHO\SDUWLFLSDWHLQSUDFWLFHVRIVHOHFWLRQDQGUHIUDPLQJWKDWZD\FUHDWLQJD FDQRQ6FKHGXOLQJLQWKHFRQWH[WRIDGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOFDQEHFRPSDUHGWRWKHZRUNRI D FXUDWRU 6LPLODU WR NPO Doc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±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

 &HHV/DEHXU3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ1RYHPEHU4XRWHLQ'XWFK :HKHEEHQLQMDQXDUL>«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ostalgieNet 7LP%HXGHOVWXGLHG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ6WXGLHVDWWKH8QLYHUVLWHLWYDQ$PVWHUGDP>8QLYHUVLW\RI $PVWHUGDP@,QKHMRLQHGNostalgieNetPDQDJLQJGLIIHUHQWSODWIRUPVDQGUHYHQXHV7992' HFRPPHUFHSULQWDQGRQOLQH6LQFH$XJXVWKHKDVEHHQ+HDGRI'LJLWDODW7XYDOX0HGLD 7XYDOX0HGLDFUHDWHVDQGSURGXFHVFURVVPHGLDFRQFHSWV 'HUHN.RPSDUH , YH6HHQ7KLV2QH%HIRUH7KH&RQVWUXFWLRQRI&ODVVLF79RQ&DEOH 7HOHYLVLRQ LQSmall Screens, Big Ideas: Television in the 1950sHG-DQHW7KXPLP /RQGRQ,% 7DXULV 

  

WHOHYLVLRQ VRZQPHPRU\FXOWXUHVDVVXFKUHJLPHVHQWDLOWKHFRQVWDQWUHFLUFXODWLRQRIDQDWLRQ V LQGLYLGXDO DQG FXOWXUDO SDVWV WKURXJK WKH RPQLSUHVHQFH RI SDVW WHOHYLVLRQ)LUVWDQG IXQGDPHQWDOO\DVWKHGLVFXVVLRQVZLWKNostalgieNet VFUHDWRUVPDNHDSSDUHQWQRVWDOJLDKHUHLV FRQWHPSRUDU\KLVWRU\±ZKDWWKHFUHDWRUVWHUP OLYLQJKLVWRU\ ±DQGLQWKLVPDQQHUDSSHDOLQJWR WKH FROOHFWLYH PHPRU\ RI D QDWLRQ ZKLFK IRU NostalgieNet LV WKH 'XWFK QDWLRQ 6HFRQG NostalgieNet s OLYLQJ KLVWRU\ LV D OLJKW RU HQWHUWDLQPHQW DSSURDFK WR KLVWRU\ ± DOWKRXJK QRW QHFHVVDULO\VXSHUILFLDO$lightapproach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±2QWKHRQH KDQGWKLVLVTXLWHORJLFDODVWKHUHLVQRWPXFKWHOHYLVLRQPDWHULDOEHIRUHWKDWWLPH2QWKHRWKHU KDQGWKLVJRHVIRUWRSLFVDVZHOOEHFDXVHRIWKHSODWIRUP Vappeal to collective memoryDQG OLYLQJKLVWRU\7KHUHIRUHQRSURJUDPPHVDERXWWKH0LGGOH$JHVDQGWKHOLNH7KLVVWUDWHJ\KDV PRUHUHFHQWO\EHHQH[SDQGHGVRQRWRQO\WRLQFOXGH'XWFKSURJUDPPLQJZKLFKIROORZVWKH PHQWLRQHGSUHFRQGLWLRQVEXWDOVRSURJUDPPLQJZKLFKPDQ\'XWFKSHRSOHUHPHPEHUVXFKDV 7+( 21(',1 /,1( %%& ±  ZLWK LWV PHPRUDEOH 7(/(9,6,21 WKHPH WXQH DQG$// &5($785(6 *5($7 $1' 60$// %%& ±   WLWOHG -$0(6 +(55,27 RQ WKH WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOEHFDXVHRIKRZWKH'XWFKUHPHPEHUWKLVSURJUDPPH  $//2 $//2 %%&±  LVDQRWKHUH[DPSOHDOWKRXJKWKLVLVQRWD'XWFKSURJUDPPHLWGRHVDSSHDOYHU\PXFKWR'XWFK FROOHFWLYH PHPRU\ 6FKHGXOLQJ RQ WKH NostalgieNet SODWIRUP WKHUHIRUH UHIOHFWV D VSHFLILF assumptionUHJDUGLQJQDWLRQDO 'XWFK FROOHFWLYHPHPRU\ $VDSUHFRQGLWLRQQH[WWRWKHFUHDWRUVVHWWLQJOLPLWDWLRQVIRUZKDWNLQGRIFRQWHQWWKHLU QLFKHDXGLHQFHZLOOKDYHDFFHVVWRWKHUHDUHDOVRVRPHGLIILFXOWLHVLQJDLQLQJaccessWR'XWFK SXEOLF EURDGFDVWHUV  DUFKLYHV 7KLV VSHFLILFDOO\ FRQFHUQV WKH LVVXH RI kannibalisering >FDQQLEDOLVDWLRQ@)RUH[DPSOHLQWKHHYHQWWKDWNostalgieNet DVDFRPPHUFLDOFKDQQHOZRXOG EHDEOHWRVFKHGXOHDVKLWSURJUDPPHVXFKDVWKHGUDPDVHULHV '( ./(,1(:$$5+(,' >(9(5<'$</,)(@ 1&59± SURGXFHGE\'XWFKSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHU1&59DQGWKLV VHULHVZRXOGWKHQEHVFKHGXOHGDJDLQVWFXUUHQW1&59SURJUDPPLQJWKHSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHU ZRXOGKDYHWRFRPSHWHDJDLQVWLWVHOI$VDUHVXOWWKHUHLVSOHQW\RIWHOHYLVXDOFRQWHQWVWLOORQ WKHVKHOIZKLFKKLVWRULFDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOVZRXOGYHU\PXFKOLNHWREURDGFDVWDQGVKDUHZLWK WKHLUDXGLHQFHV 6XEVHTXHQWO\WKHFDVHRINostalgieNetKHOSVWRFODULI\KRZQDWLRQDOFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\ ±RUPRUHVSHFLILFDOO\QDWLRQDOFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\DVXQGHUVWRRGE\NostalgieNet VWHOHYLVLRQ SURIHVVLRQDOV±DIIHFWVWKHVFKHGXOLQJRIOLYLQJKLVWRU\RQWKHGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHO 

 $P\+ROGVZRUWK 7HOHYLVLRQ5HVXUUHFWLRQV7HOHYLVLRQDQG0HPRU\ Cinema JournalQR  GRLFM &HHV/DEHXUDQG7LP%HXGHO3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP1RYHPEHU

    ,QVWLWXWLRQDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV   0HGLDSROLF\LQWKH1HWKHUODQGV 7RZKDWH[WHQWLVWKHSUHVHQWPHGLDSROLF\DWWXQHGWRWKLVFRQWHPSRUDU\FLUFXODWLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQ KLVWRU\FRQWHQW"2QDUHJXODUEDVLVWKH0LQLVWU\LVLQFRQWDFWZLWKWKHPDQDJLQJGLUHFWRUVRI UDGLR DQG WHOHYLVLRQ SURGXFHUV LQ +LOYHUVXP &HHV YDQ .RSSHQLV3ROLF\$GYLVRUDWWKH 0LQLVWU\ RI (GXFDWLRQ &XOWXUH  6FLHQFH >2& :@ 'HSDUWPHQW RI 0HGLD DQG &UHDWLYH ,QGXVWULHV+HRXWOLQHGWKHSROLWLFDOLQIOXHQFHRQWKH PHGLDLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVVSHFLILFDOO\ WHOHYLVLRQZKHQKHVDLG

8OWLPDWHO\ZHWKH0LQLVWU\GHFLGHRQWKHILQDQFHVEXWZHDUHnot directlyLQYROYHGLQ WKHSURJUDPPLQJ+RZHYHUWKHUHDUHseveral general definitions7KHSURJUDPPHKDV WREHTXDOLWDWLYH,WKDVWRVWDQGRXW:KLFKPHDQVQRJHQHUDOHQWHUWDLQPHQW7KLVPHDQV LILWVWDWHVWRSFODVVMRXUQDOLVPRQHVKRXOGLQYHVWLQWKDW,IGLVFXVVHGVXEMHFWVPXVWEH RIJHQHUDOFRQVHQWDQGGLYHUVHRQHVKRXOGVKLIWWKHHPSKDVLVWKHUH+RZHYHUwe do not determine the schedule$GPLWWHGO\ZHUHFHLYHPDQ\SDUOLDPHQWDU\TXHVWLRQVDERXW WHOHYLVLRQVFKHGXOLQJ,QVKRUWZHXSKROGWKH0HGLD$FWYLDWKH'XWFK0HGLD$XWKRULW\ >&RPPLVVDULDDWYRRUGH0HGLD &YG0 @  P\HPSKDVLV 

7KH 0LQLVWU\ RI (GXFDWLRQ &XOWXUH  6FLHQFH KDV WR FRPSO\ ZLWK WKH $XGLRYLVXDO 0HGLD 6HUYLFHV $06 'LUHFWLYHVHWRXWE\WKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWDQGWKH(XURSHDQ&RXQFLO7KLV 'LUHFWLYHHVWDEOLVKHVOHJDOUHJXODWRU\DQGDGPLQLVWUDWLYHSURYLVLRQVUHODWHGWRWKHGLVWULEXWLRQ RIDXGLRYLVXDOPHGLDVHUYLFHV$PRQJVWRWKHUVPHGLDVHUYLFHSURYLGHUVKDYHWRIXOILOFHUWDLQ obligations x EURDGFDVWHUV PXVW GHYRWH DW OHDVW  RI WKHLU WUDQVPLVVLRQ WLPHRURIWKHLU SURJUDPPLQJEXGJHWWR(XURSHDQZRUNVFUHDWHGE\SURGXFHUVZKRDUHLQGHSHQGHQWRI EURDGFDVWHUV

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«@8LWHLQGHOLMNJDDQZLMRYHUKHWJHOGHQJDDQZHQLHWGLUHFWRYHUZHONH SURJUDPPHULQJZHOQLHWJHPDDNWZRUGW « PDDUZHNXQQHQZHOLHWV]HJJHQHUVWDDQZHODOJHPHQH GRHOVWHOOLQJHQYDQQRXKHWPRHWHHQNZDOLWDWLHYHSURJUDPPHULQJ]LMQ+HWPRHWRQGHUVFKHLGHQG]LMQ 'DWEHWHNHQWGDWMHQLHWRSKHW]HOIGHDPXVHPHQWVQLYHDXPRHWJDDQ]LWWHQDOV57/ZDQWGDQEHQMH GXVQLHWRQGHUVFKHLGHQGPHHU'DWEHWHNHQWGDWMHDOVHUVWDDWMHPRHWKRRJZDDUGLJHMRXUQDOLVWLHN EHGULMYHQGDWMHGDDULQGHUGDDGLQPRHWLQYHVWHUHQ$OVHUPHWHONDDUEHVSURNHQZRUGWGDWGLQJHQ RSLQLsUHQGHQRQGHUVFKHLGHQGPRHWHQ]LMQGDWGDDULQGHUGDDGDFFHQWHQJHOHJGPRHWHQZRUGHQ0DDU KHWLVQLHW]RGDWZLMGHSURJUDPPHULQJEHSDOHQ+HWLVZHO]RGDWZLMKHHOYHHO.DPHUYUDJHQNULMJHQ RYHUSURJUDPPHULQJ>«@:LMKDQGKDYHQDOOHHQPDDUYLDKHW&RPPLVVDULDDWGH0HGLDZHW 

  

x ZLWKUHJDUGWRRQGHPDQGDXGLRYLVXDOPHGLDVHUYLFHV0HPEHU6WDWHVVKDOOHQVXUHWKDW DXGLRYLVXDOPHGLDVHUYLFHSURYLGHUVSURPRWHWKHSURGXFWLRQRIDQGDFFHVVWR(XURSHDQ ZRUNV x WLPHDOORFDWHGWRVSRUWVVSRQVRULQJDGYHUWLVHPHQWVWHOHWH[WVHUYLFHVWHOHVKRSSLQJ x SURWHFWLRQRIPLQRUV x 0HPEHU 6WDWHV PD\ WDNH PHDVXUHV DLPHG DW HQVXULQJ WKDW FHUWDLQ HYHQWV ZKLFK LW FRQVLGHUVDUHRIPDMRULPSRUWDQFHIRUVRFLHW\FDQQRWEHEURDGFDVWH[FOXVLYHO\LQVXFK DZD\DVWRGHSULYHDVXEVWDQWLDOSURSRUWLRQRIWKHSXEOLFLQWKDW0HPEHU6WDWH (DFK(80HPEHU6WDWHKDVLWVRZQSURFHGXUHV7KHTXHVWLRQLVZKDWNLQGRIEURDGFDVWLQJ V\VWHPLVWREHVHWRXWLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV1HZUHJXODWLRQVZLOOEHLPSOHPHQWHGLQWKHQHZ 0HGLD $FW IRU LQVWDQFH UHJDUGLQJ WKH H[WHQW LQ ZKLFK WR EURDGFDVW FRPPHUFLDOV DQG HQWHUWDLQPHQWRQWKHSXEOLFFKDQQHOV$FFRUGLQJWR9DQ.RSSHQWRQRWEURDGFDVWFRPPHUFLDOV LV XQOLNHO\ LQ WKH 1HWKHUODQGV VLQFH WKH LQFRPH IURP WKH 67(5 VKRUW IRU 6WLFKWLQJ (WKHU 5HFODPHLQ(QJOLVK )RXQGDWLRQ IRU(WKHU$GYHUWLVHPHQW HQWDLOVWKDW SDUW RIWKH FRVWV RI SXEOLFEURDGFDVWLQJDUHSDLGIRU  7HOHYLVLRQLVEHFRPLQJPRUHDQGPRUHVLJQLILFDQWRQEuropeanDQGinternationallevels 7HOHYLVLRQ ZLWKRXW ERXQGDULHV  ± LQ RWKHU ZRUGV WKH $XGLRYLVXDO 0HGLD 6HUYLFHV $06  'LUHFWLYH ± LV DERXW WR EH UHYLVHG DV WKH ODWHVW YHUVLRQ GDWHV EDFN WR  &RS\ULJKW DQG UR\DOWLHV PD\ EHFRPH DQ LVVXH VLQFH OHJLVODWLRQ LV regulated per country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multiform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ex-XQHKWWSHXU OH[HXURSDHXOHJDOFRQWHQW(11/$//"XUL 85,6(59DP &HHVYDQ.RSSHQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ7KH+DJXH1RYHPEHU ,ELG ,ELG

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reduced,QFRQWUDVW WRWKHSUHYLRXVILYH\HDUSROLF\SHULRG KLVWRU\ ZLOOnotEHRQHRIWKHPDLQWKHPHVDURXQG ZKLFKSURJUDPPHVDUHGHYHORSHG$QDGGHGFRPSOLFDWLRQFRQFHUQLQJDJUHDWHUIRFXVRQRQ GHPDQGWHOHYLVLRQLVWKDWULJKWIXOFODLPDQWVRISURJUDPPHFRS\ULJKWV±HVSHFLDOO\LQWKHFDVH RIDUFKLYDOPDWHULDOV±QHHGWREHWUDFNHGGRZQDQGILQDQFLDOO\FRPSHQVDWHG&RQVHTXHQWO\ RQO\DUFKLYDOPDWHULDOVDQGZHEVLWHVRISURJUDPPHVWKDWDUHactivelyEURDGFDVWZLOOEHDYDLODEOH RQOLQHRQWKH132ZHEVLWH7KHEURDGFDVWPDWHULDORISDVWSURJUDPPHVZLOOEHPRYHGWRWKH 1HWKHUODQGV ,QVWLWXWH IRU 6RXQG DQG 9LVLRQ DUFKLYH ZKLFK ZLOO EHFRPH RQOLQH DQG PDGH DYDLODEOH7KLVZLOOEHWKHFDVHIRUWKH:RUOG:DU,,GRFXPHQWDU\SURMHFW'(225/2*,1'( 225/2*>7+(:$5$7:$5@ 136±  GLVFXVVHGLQ&KDSWHU DQG,1(8523$>,1 (8523(@ 9352 ±  GLVFXVVHG LQ &KDSWHU   &RQWH[W PDWHULDOV OLNH SURJUDPPH ZHEVLWHVIRUSDVWSURJUDPPHVZLOOEHGLVFRQWLQXHG+RZHYHUZHEVLWHVIRUVWURQJEUDQGVWKDW KDYH FRQVLGHUDEOH SXEOLF YDOXH DQG UHDFK D ODUJH DXGLHQFH ± IRU LQVWDQFH WKH KLVWRU\ VHULHV $1'(5(7,-'(1>&+$1*,1*7,0(6@ 1361759352±  GLVFXVVHGLQ&KDSWHU ±ZLOO VSHFLILFDOO\EHH[SDQGHGDQGIXQFWLRQDVportalsIRUGLVVHPLQDWLRQRIDUFKLYDODQGFRQWH[WXDO PDWHULDOV ,Q0D\-XQHQHZVILOWHUHGWKURXJKWKDWWKH132ZDVWRUHGXFHWKHQXPEHURI SURJUDPPLQJ ZHEVLWHV GUDVWLFDOO\ DQG VRPH EURDGFDVWHUV OLNH NPO Doc ZRXOG HYHQ EH GLVEDQGHG%URDGFDVWHUVDQGDXGLHQFHVUHDFWHGOLYLGO\DVHYLGHQFHGE\QXPHURXVUHDFWLRQVRQ ZHEVLWHV,QWKHQHZ0HGLD$FWEURDGFDVWHUVZLOOPDLQWDLQVHOIJRYHUQLQJZLWKLQWKH132  5DRXOGX3UH 'HNNHUVFKXGGHGHERHOZDNNHUPDDUPDDNWRQYROGRHQGHZDDU De Volkskrant 2FWREHUKWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOWHOHYLVLHGHNNHUVFKXGGHGHERHOZDNNHUPDDUPDDNW RQYROGRHQGHZDDUaD6WDQ3XWPDQ *HZUDDNWHLQWHUQHWSODQQHQ132VWHUNDIJH]ZDNW De Volkskrant-XQHKWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOWHOHYLVLHJHZUDDNWHLQWHUQHWSODQQHQQSRVWHUN DIJH]ZDNWaD+DQQHNH.HXOWMHVDQG9LQFHQW6PLWV 3ODWDPXVHPHQWPRHWYHUGZLMQHQELMGH 132 Algemeen Dagblad$XJXVWKWWSZZZDGQODGQO79 5DGLRDUWLFOHGHWDLO3ODWDPXVHPHQWPRHWYHUGZLMQHQELMGH132GKWPO+D\ .UDQHQ :DWZLOGH132QRXHLJHQOLMNPHWKHWLQWHUQHW" De Volkskrant$SULO KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQORSLQLHZDWZLOGHQSRQRXHLJHQOLMNPHWKHWLQWHUQHWaD7KLMVYDQ 6RHVW 132]HWPHVLQRQJHEUHLGHOGRQOLQHDDQERG De Volkskrant$SULO KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOWHFKQSR]HWPHVLQRQJHEUHLGHOGRQOLQHDDQERGaD  7ZHHGH.DPHUDFKWHURPURHSSODQQHQ'HNNHU 126+RPHSDJH 2FWREHU  KWWSQRVQODUWLNHOWZHHGHNDPHUDFKWHURPURHSSODQQHQGHNNHUKWPO 1LHXZH0HGLDZHW PHWUXLPHPHHUGHUKHLGDDQJHQRPHQ De Volkskrant2FWREHU KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOPHGLDQLHXZHPHGLDZHWPHWUXLPHPHHUGHUKHLGDDQJHQRPHQaD %1 HUVURHSHQ.DPHURSRPWHJHQ0HGLDZHWWHVWHPPHQ De Volkskrant2FWREHU KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOPHGLDEQHUVURHSHQNDPHURSRPWHJHQPHGLDZHWWHVWHPPHQaD  +HWSXEOLHNYRRURS&RQFHVVLHEHOHLGVSODQ±  +LOYHUVXP132  6XFKDV 132'RFLQJHVSUHNPHW&XOWXUDRYHUIXVLHNDQDDO NPO Doc Homepage-XQH KWWSZZZQSRGRFQOQLHXZVUHDJHHU

  

DQGNHHSWKHLURZQLGHQWLW\,QWKHPHDQWLPHNPO DocVWDWHVRQWKHLUZHEVLWHWKDWWKH\DUHLQ WDONVZLWKNPO CulturaWRPHUJHLQWRDQHZEURDGFDVWLQJFKDQQHOVLPLODUWRSUDFWLFHVE\$UWH DQG%%&)RXU7KHIRFXVRI132SROLF\LQWKHSHULRG±ZLOODOVRFRQFHUQDPRUH integralSURJUDPPLQJRIEURDGFDVWVWRFRQQHFWDQGLQWHUDFWZLWKDXGLHQFHVPHDQLQJDPXOWL SODWIRUPVWUDWHJ\WRRIIHUEURDGFDVWVWKDWDUHLQOLQHZLWKKRZDXGLHQFHVDUHHVWLPDWHGWRZDWFK WHOHYLVLRQ6XFKDSROLF\PHDQVWKDWWKHNPO DocWKHPDWLFFKDQQHODQGWKHNPO Geschiedenis DQG NPO Doc ZHE SRUWDOV ZLOO FHDVH EURDGFDVWLQJ GXH WR D IRFXV RQ RQGHPDQG FDWFKXS WHOHYLVLRQinstead ofverdieping>GHHSHQRQH VNQRZOHGJH@DQGOLQHDUWHOHYLVLRQYLHZLQJDV ZHOODVQRWKLJKHQRXJKDXGLHQFHILJXUHV±GHVSLWHWKHIDFWWKDWSURJUDPPLQJIRUFULWLFDOYLHZHUV WDUJHWVDQLFKHDXGLHQFHRISHRSOHZKRJHQHUDOO\GRQRWZDWFKWKHPRVWWHOHYLVLRQNPO DocLV FXUUHQWO\VFUHHQLQJOLPLWHGSURJUDPPLQJVLQFH-DQXDU\DQGZLOOJRRIIWKHDLURQ-XQH 7KHRQOLQHSODWIRUPGRHVUHWDLQDVPDOOHGLWRULDOWHDPDQGZLOOEHUHSODFHGE\DQHZ ZHEVLWH'RFQONPO CulturaZLOOEURDGFDVWDZLGHUDQJHRIGRFXPHQWDULHVXSWR-XQH ZKLOVW132KDVDQQRXQFHGWREHZRUNLQJRQWKHQHZFKDQQHOWKDWLQFOXGHVERWKGRFXPHQWDULHV DQGFXOWXUDOSURJUDPPHV 7KLV SRVHV TXHVWLRQV LQ UHODWLRQ WR KRZ WKH VXFFHVV RI QDUURZFDVWLQJ DQG FRQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQSUDFWLFHVIRUVPDOOHUDQGIUDJPHQWHGQLFKHDXGLHQFHVLVPHDVXUHGHVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKRVH VSHFLDOLVHG DXGLHQFHV WKDW YDOXH GHHSHQLQJ RQH V NQRZOHGJH DQG OLQHDU WHOHYLVLRQ YLHZLQJ7KLVLVHYHQPRUHFRPSOLFDWHGLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUDZKHUHWHOHYLVLRQUHVHPEOHV DPHGLDLQWHUIDFHDQGFRQWHQWLVGLVSHUVHGDFURVVQXPHURXVSODWIRUPVDQGVFUHHQV±KHQFHPRUH G\QDPLFDQGFRPSOH[WRHYDOXDWH  &LUFXODWLQJKLVWRU\RQGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOV ,QWKLVFKDSWHU,KDYHFRQVLGHUHGWKHUROHRIWHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVDVFXUDWRUVDQGWKHPHDQLQJ RI FXUDWHG FRQQHFWLRQV LQ WKH VFKHGXOHG UHVFUHHQLQJ RI SUHYLRXVO\ EURDGFDVW KLVWRU\ DQG QRVWDOJLD SURJUDPPLQJ RQ GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOV 7KH GLVFXVVLRQ RI WKH SXEOLF PHGLD SODWIRUP NPO Doc KDV VKHG OLJKW RQ WKH SLRQHHULQJ UROH RI SXEOLF EURDGFDVW WHOHYLVLRQ LQ H[SHULPHQWLQJZLWKQHZGLJLWDOWHFKQRORJLHVZKLOVWWKHGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHFRPPHUFLDOWKHPDWLF FKDQQHONostalgieNet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±LQWHUQHWWHOHYLVLRQDQGWHOHSKRQHDVVRFDOOHG WULSOHSOD\ RU PXOWL

  &RQFHVVLHEHOHLGVSODQ± 3XWPDQ *HZUDDNWHLQWHUQHWSODQQHQ132VWHUNDIJH]ZDNW -DQ %HQMDPLQDQG:LOIUHG7DNNHQ 2PURHSHQERRVRPLQWHUQHWSODQQHQ132PDFKWVJUHHS NRC Handelsblad$SULOKWWSZZZQUFQOQLHXZVRPURHSHQERRVRP LQWHUQHWSODQQHQQSRPDFKWVJUHHS  132'RFGDQNEDDUYRRUVWHXQEHWXLJLQJHQNLMNHUV NPO Doc Homepage'HFHPEHU KWWSZZZQSRGRFQOQLHXZVQSRGRFGDQNEDDUKWPO

    SOD\ ±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

 (JJR0OOHU $FFHVVWRWKH/LYLQJ5RRP7ULSOH3OD\DQG,QWHUDFWLYH7HOHYLVLRQ5HVKDSLQJWKH 3URGXFHU&RQVXPHU5HODWLRQ LQInformation Communication Technologies and Emerging Business StrategiesHG6KHQMDYDQGHU*UDDIDQG

  

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±QH[WWRFKDQQHOPDQDJHUVJHQUH PDQDJHUVZLOOEHLQVWDWHG±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

  'HWLMGVWDDWRSHQ$GYLHVYRRUHHQWRHNRPVWEHVWHQGLJH3XEOLHNH2PURHS  'HQ+DDJ5DDGYRRU &XOWXXU0DUFK KWWSVZZZULMNVRYHUKHLGQOGRFXPHQWHQUDSSRUWHQGHWLMGVWDDW RSHQ  132LQYHVWHHUWVWUXFWXUHHOLQGUDPDHQGRFXPHQWDLUH NPO Homepage2FWREHU KWWSZZZQSRQORYHUQSRDFWXHHOQSRLQYHVWHHUWVWUXFWXUHHOLQGUDPDHQGRFXPHQWDLUH  &RQFHVVLHEHOHLGVSODQ±  0HHUMDUHQEHJURWLQJ1HGHUODQGVH3XEOLHNH2PURHS±  +LOYHUVXP132   &RQFHVVLHEHOHLGVSODQ± 6HHDOVR+DUR.UDDN 7RHNRPVWSODQQHQ132]HHUNULWLVFK RQWYDQJHQ De Volkskrant6HSWHPEHUKWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOPHGLDWRHNRPVWSODQQHQ QSR]HHUNULWLVFKRQWYDQJHQaD

  

  5HSUHVHQWLQJWKH+RORFDXVWLQ0XOWL 3ODWIRUP7HOHYLVLRQ'RFXPHQWDU\'UDPD De OorlogDQG13 in de Oorlog

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

,IRQHDFFHSWVWKDWWRGD\WHOHYLVLRQLVWKHSRSXODUDQGSUHIHUUHGPHGLXPRIKLVWRU\WKHQ RQH VKRXOG H[DPLQH PRUH FORVHO\ WKH QDWXUH RI WKH PHGLXP LQ RUGHU WR DFFRXQW IRU WRGD\ VFRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHSDVW+LVWRU\LWDSSHDUVLVDOZD\VSOD\LQJFDWFKXSZLWK WKHPRGHVRILWVUHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQGGLVVHPLQDWLRQ 

,QWKLVFKDSWHU,ZLOOFRQVLGHUKRZSURJUDPPHPDNHUVWKURXJKDVSHFLILFVHOHFWLRQRIVWUDWHJLHV UHSUHVHQW DQG FRQVWUXFW WKH +RORFDXVW LQ PXOWLSODWIRUP WHOHYLVLRQ GRFXPHQWDULHV $IWHU DQ LQLWLDOUHIOHFWLRQRQWKHJURZLQJLQWHUHVWLQWKHUHVFUHHQLQJRIWKHSDVWWKHIRFXVRIWKLVDQDO\VLV ZLOOEHRQKRZWKH'XWFKWHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDULHV,1'(225/2*>$7:$5@ 136±   DQG '( 225/2*>7+( :$5@ 136   UHSUHVHQW WKLV GLIILFXOW DQG FRPSOH[ VXEMHFW PDWWHUIRUGLIIHUHQWWDUJHWJURXSV7KLVLQFOXGHVGHOLEHUDWLQJRQWKHH[WHQWLQZKLFKPHPRU\ QDUUDWLYHVKDYHEHHQDIIHFWHGE\WKHSDVVLQJRIWLPHDQGLQWHUPHGLDWHHYHQWVDQGKRZWRFRQYH\ VXFK QDUUDWLYHV WR DXGLHQFHV 7KH KLVWRULFDO SURJUDPPH  ,1 '( 225/2* ZDV D \RXWK

 +D\GHQ:KLWH 7KH0RGHUQLVW(YHQW LQThe Persistence of History: Cinema, Television, and the Modern EventHG9LYLDQ&DURO6REFKDFN 1HZ

  

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±WKHODWWHUWZRDUHFORVHGLQWKH  6LQFH6HSWHPEHUSXEOLFVHUYLFHEURDGFDVWHUV1367HOHDFDQG598KDYHPHUJHGLQWKH175 1367HOHDF598 WKH'XWFKSXEOLFVHUYLFHEURDGFDVWHUVSHFLDOLVLQJLQLQIRUPDWLRQHGXFDWLRQDQG FXOWXUH,QWKH'XWFKSXEOLFVHUYLFHEURDGFDVWLQJV\VWHPWKH175LVRQHRIWKHODUJHVWEURDGFDVWHUV ZLWKDVWDWXWRU\SXEOLFVHUYLFHPLVVLRQ%RWKVHULHVZHUHVSRQVRUHGE\WKHSURMHFW (UIJRHGYDQGH 2RUORJ > +HULWDJHRIWKH:DU @RIWKH0LQLVWU\RI+HDOWK:HOIDUHDQG6SRUWDQGWKH9IXQGWKH 1DWLRQDO)XQGIRU)UHHGRPDQG9HWHUDQV&DUH6HH $ERXW175 NTR WebsiteDFFHVVHG0D\ KWWSZZZQWUQOVLWHWHNVWDERXWQWU (UIJRHGYDQGHRRUORJ Rijksoverheid Homepage DFFHVVHG0D\KWWSZZZULMNVRYHUKHLGQORQGHUZHUSHQWZHHGHZHUHOGRRUORJHUIJRHGYDQ GHRRUORJ 9IRQGV1DWLRQDDO)RQGVYRRU9ULMKHLGHQ9HWHUDQHQ]RUJ V-fonds HomepageDFFHVVHG 0D\KWWSZZZYIRQGVQO 7KHPXVHXPLQDOVRRIIHUHGDYLUWXDOUHDOLW\H[SHULHQFHWRYLVLWRUVVHH $QQH)UDQN+XLVQX RRNYLUWXHHOWHEH]RHNHQ Het Parool6HSWHPEHU KWWSZZZSDURROQOSDURROQO&8/7885DUWLFOHGHWDLO$QQH)UDQN+XLV QXRRNYLUWXHHOWHEH]RHNHQGKWPO 7KH6HFUHW$QQH[2QOLQH DFFHVVHG-XQH KWWSZZZDQQHIUDQNRUJHQ6XEVLWHV+RPH

    DFWXDOPXVHXPIRUVDIHW\UHDVRQV±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pedagogy DUH GHPDQGHG 6SHFLDOLVW NQRZOHGJH UHPDLQV LPSRUWDQW DQG LV FRPELQHG ZLWK VWUDWHJLHV WU\LQJ WR LQYROYH WKH LPDJLQDWLRQV DQG HPRWLRQV RI DXGLHQFHV '( 225/2* DQG  ,1 '( 225/2* W\SLI\ VXFK DSSURDFKHV WR KLVWRULRJUDSK\LQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUD $V$VVPDQQDUJXHVTXDOLW\DQGH[WHQVLRQRIPHPRU\RIWKH+RORFDXVWDUHERXQGWR GLIIHUVLJQLILFDQWO\GHSHQGLQJRQLWVframingDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\WKHFRPPHPRUDWLQJFRPPXQLW\ ZLOOEHVPDOOHURUODUJHUOLPLWHGRURSHQ,Q'(225/2*DQG,1'(225/2*GLIIHUHQWPHDQV RIUHSUHVHQWDWLRQ±GLIIHUHQWVHOHFWLRQVIURPWKHFUHDWRUV WRROER[±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

 (LOHDQ+RRSHU*UHHQKLOOMuseums and the Interpretation of Visual Culture /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH  ± *DU\5(GJHUWRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ7HOHYLVLRQDV+LVWRULDQ$'LIIHUHQW.LQGRI+LVWRU\$OWRJHWKHU LQ Television Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media AgeHG*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU& 5ROOLQV /H[LQJWRQ.<8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRI.HQWXFN\  $OHLGD$VVPDQQ 7KH+RORFDXVWíD*OREDO0HPRU\"([WHQVLRQVDQG/LPLWVRID1HZ0HPRU\ &RPPXQLW\ LQMemory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and TrajectoriesHG$OHLGD$VVPDQQ DQG6HEDVWLDQ&RQUDG %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ  -D\:LQWHU 7KH3HUIRUPDQFHRIWKH3DVW0HPRU\+LVWRU\,GHQWLW\ LQPerforming the Past: Memory, History, and Identity in Modern EuropeHG.DULQ7LOPDQV)UDQNYDQ9UHHDQG-D\:LQWHU $PVWHUGDP$PVWHUGDP8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  KWWSSXEOLFHEOLEFRPFKRLFHSXEOLFIXOOUHFRUGDVS["S 

  

'(%(=(77,1*>7+(2&&83$7,21@ZKLFKZDVEURDGFDVWLQWKH1HWKHUODQGVIURP± 176 UHUXQLQDVKRUWHQHGIRUPDWIURP± 176 DQGUHPDGHEHWZHHQDQG  126 (GLWRULQFKLHI$GYDQ/LHPSWFUHDWHG'(225/2*IRUDZLGHDXGLHQFH,QWKH HDUO\ VWDJHV RI GHYHORSLQJ '( 225/2* WKH LGHD IRU D SDUDOOHO \RXWK VHULHV HPHUJHG $ FRQVLGHUDEOHFURVVPHGLDHIIHFWZDVLQWHQGHGE\WKHFRQFXUUHQWSURGXFWLRQRIFRPSUHKHQVLYH ZHEVLWHV'9'ER[VHWVFRPSDQLRQERRNVDQGGHULYDWLYHSURGXFWVIRUHGXFDWLRQDQGWKH SXEOLFDWLRQRIKLVWRULFDOVRXUFHV)LJXUHVKRZVWKHPXOWLSOHPHDQVRIVWRU\WHOOLQJDFURVVD YDULHW\RISODWIRUPVDQGVFUHHQVLQERWK'(225/2*DQG,1'(225/2* 

  )LJ0XOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJLQ'(225/2*DQG,1'(225/2*

 +LVWRULDQ/RHGH-RQJ V 7KH2FFXSDWLRQ SURYLGHG'XWFKDXGLHQFHVZLWKWKHILUVWQDWLRQDO SHUVSHFWLYHRQ:RUOG:DU,,'H-RQJLVWKHDXWKRURIWKHVWDQGDUGZRUNRQ:RUOG:DU,,LQWKH 1HWKHUODQGVHet Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog [The Kingdom of the Netherlands in World War II] 7KH+DJXH6GX LQIRXUWHHQSDUWV)RUPRUHRQ7KH2FFXSDWLRQ DVQDWLRQDOKLVWRULRJUDSK\VHHDPRQJVWRWKHUV9RVTelevisie en bezetting)UDQNYDQ9UHH 7HOHYLVLH HQGHJHVFKLHGVFKULMYLQJYDQGH7ZHHGH:HUHOGRRUORJ Theoretische GeschiedenisQR  ±   'HRRUORJ+RPHSDJH  LQGHRRUORJ+RPHSDJH DFFHVVHG-XQH KWWSZZZLQGHRRUORJQO +HLQ+RIIPDQQ13 in de oorlog: hoe kinderen de Tweede Wereldoorlog beleefden $PVWHUGDP %DODQV $GYDQ/LHPSWDe oorlog $PVWHUGDP%DODQV  'HULYDWLYHSURGXFWVDUHIRUH[DPSOHQHZO\UHFRYHUHGDQGSXEOLVKHGPDWHULDOVVXFKDVWKHZDUGLDU\ RI.ODDUWMHGH=ZDUWH:DOYLVFKZKLFKZDVGLVFRYHUHGGXULQJWKHUHVHDUFKSURFHVVDQGSXEOLVKHGIRU LWVKLVWRULFDOYDOXH)RUVWXGHQWVLQWKHILQDOJUDGHRISULPDU\HGXFDWLRQWKH 9URHJHU =R ZRUNERRN WRDFFRPSDQ\WKHVHULHV,1'(225/2*ZDVFUHDWHGIRU7HOHDF6FKRRO79 9URHJHU =R LVIUHHO\ WUDQVODWHGDV 2OGWLPHVDQGWKLQJVOLNHWKDW6HH.ODDUWMHGH=ZDUWH:DOYLVFKAlles ging aan flarden: het oorlogsdagboek van Klaartje de Zwarte-Walvisch $PVWHUGDP%DODQV (ULN $SSHOPDQ.ULVWHO6FKHWVDQG:LOOHPYDQGHU6SHNVroeger & Zo Speciaal +LOYHUVXP7HOHDF136  

    7KHXVHGIRUPVRIPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJLQFOXGHERWKcross-mediaVWRU\WHOOLQJ± OLWHUDOO\across SODWIRUPV±DQGtransmedia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±IURPDOPRVWLQWRDWKLUGRIYLVLWVLQDQGDQG RIYLVLWVLQ7KLVPD\EHUHODWHGWRWKHIDFWWKDWDQHZOHYHORIWKHRQOLQHJDPHEHFDPH DYDLODEOHDIWHUDQRWKHUHSLVRGHKDGEHHQDLUHGZKLFKWULJJHUHGDGGHGLQWHUHVWLQWKHJDPH 6WDWLVWLFVIRUVWLOOVKRZDOPRVWYLVLWRUVPRQWKO\IRUWKH,1'(225/2*ZHEVLWH EXWPRVWLQWHUHVWLQJO\WKHJDPHKDVVHHQRQDYHUDJHYLVLWRUVSHUPRQWKLQWKHILUVWKDOI RI±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ndere TijdenVFKRRO7KHAndere TijdenVFKRRO VWDUWHG WR FUHDWH D GLVWLQFW SURILOH DV WKH EURDGFDVWHUV RI WKH JUDQGVFDOH 'XWFK KLVWRU\

 +HQU\-HQNLQVConvergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide 1HZ

  

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±UHUXQLQDVKRUWHQHGIRUPDWLQ±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collaborationZRXOGUHVXOWLQWKHDGGLWLRQRIRQHPRUHHSLVRGHDQG DGGHGFRQWHQWDERXWDVSHFLILFSDUWRI'XWFKQDWLRQDOKLVWRU\WKHRFFXSDWLRQLQ,QGRQHVLD7KH RULJLQDOV\QRSVLVRIWKH'(225/2*LVEDVHGRQHLJKWHSLVRGHVLQWRWDO+RZHYHUDIWHUUHYLHZLQJ WKHSODQQHGFRQWHQWRIWKHVHULHVWKH9IXQGLVVXHVDUHTXHVW±QRWDGHPDQG±IRUPRUHFRQWHQW DERXW,QGRQHVLD9DQ/LHPSWVXEVHTXHQWO\EULQJVWKHUHTXHVWWRKLVWHDPEXWVWULYHVWRGRVR IUHH IURP YDOXH MXGJHPHQWV 7KH DGGLWLRQDO IXQGLQJ ZRXOG PHDQ WKDW WKH VHULHV FRXOG EH H[SDQGHGIURPHLJKWWRQLQHHSLVRGHVZLWKRQHHSLVRGHIRFXVLQJRQWKHZDULQ,QGRQHVLDSOXV DQDGGLWLRQDOHSLVRGHIRFXVLQJRQWKHDIWHUPDWKRIWKHZDULQFOXGLQJLQ,QGRQHVLD9DQ/LHPSW

,VDLG,DFNQRZOHGJHWKDWZHZRXOGQRWKDYHGRQHWKLVLIWKHUHKDGQRWEHHQDILQDQFLHU ZKRZDVXSIRUWKLV,DFNQRZOHGJHWKLVEXW,GRDVVHVVWKDWZHFDQIXOILODZLVKKHUH 7KHQHYHU\ERG\>'(225/2*FUHDWRUVLQFOXGLQJUHVHDUFKHUVDQG+DQV%ORP@VDLG

  (UIJRHGYDQGHRRUORJ   9IRQGV1DWLRQDDO)RQGVYRRU9ULMKHLGHQ9HWHUDQHQ]RUJ 

    WKDW VWKHHQGRILW:HKDYHKDQGOHGWKLVVRQHDWO\LQP\RSLQLRQWKDWWKDWZKROHVHQVH RIZHGRWKLVEHFDXVHRIDVSRQVRUQRRQHIHOWOLNHWKDW:HQHYHUKDYH 

7KLVLVDQRWKHUH[DPSOHRIKRZLPSRUWDQWWKHAndere Tijden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power of decisionZDVQRWZLWKWKHLQVWLWXWLRQWKDWIXQGVWKHSURMHFWEXW VWD\HGZLWKWKH136±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goedRU ULJKW HJKHURLFUHVLVWDQFHILJKWHUVDQGfoutRU ZURQJ HJ 'XWFK 1DWLRQDOLVW 6RFLDOLVW 0RYHPHQW 16%  PHPEHUV DQG RWKHU EUXWDO FROODERUDWRUV 7KH ULJKWZURQJ  SHUVSHFWLYH KDV LQFUHDVLQJO\ EHHQ XVHG LQ DQ HQFRPSDVVLQJ ZD\ HVSHFLDOO\

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK ,NKHEJH]HJG,N HUNHQGDWZLMGLWQLHW]RXGHQKHEEHQJHGDDQDOVHUQLHWHHQILQDQFLHUZDVGLHGDWOHXN]RXYLQGHQ,N HUNHQPDDULNVWHOZHOYDVWGDWZLMKLHUELMHHQZHQVNXQQHQYHUYXOOHQ7RHQ]HLLHGHUHHQHLJHQOLMN -DZDWNXQQHQZLMGDDUQXWHJHQKHEEHQ-DMHNXQW]HJJHQ'DW]RXGHQZHQLHWJHGDDQDOVKHEEHQ DOVHUQLHWLHPDQGPHWHHQ]DNJHOGNZDP0DDUMDZHNXQQHQQXZHHHQSDDUGLQJHQGRHQGLHZH DQGHUVQLHWNXQQHQ'XVZHVWHOOHQQXYDVWGDWZHGLWRQEH]ZDDUGJDDQGRHQRQEH]ZDDUGGRRU ILQDQFLsOHGUXNRISULNNHORIZDWGDQRRN:HGRHQGLWHFKWXLWHLJHQZLO:HNXQQHQQXRRNQHH ]HJJHQGDQLVKHWJHZRRQDIJHORSHQ'DWKHEEHQZH]RQHWMHVDIJHKDQGHOGYRQGLN]HOIGDWGDWKHOH JHYRHOYDQHU]LWKLHUHHQVSRQVRUHHQEHHWMHZDDURPZHGDWGRHQGDWQLHPDQGGDWKDG'DWKHEEHQ ZHRRNQRRLWJHKDG  6HHHJ:HQG\%XUNH $'XWFK2FFXSDWLRQ7KH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRI:RUOG:DU7ZRLQ)LOPVIURP WKH1HWKHUODQGVWR  3K'.LQJ V&ROOHJH 

  

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ollaboration with the Nazis: Public Discourse after the HolocaustHG5RQL6WDXEHU /RQGRQ 5RXWOHGJH  +DQV%ORP ,QGHEDQYDQJRHGHQIRXW":HWHQVFKDSSHOLMNHJHVFKLHGVFKULMYLQJRYHUGH EH]HWWLQJVWLMGLQ1HGHUODQG  ,QDXJXUDO/HFWXUH8QLYHUVLW\RI$PVWHUGDP'HFHPEHU  +DQV%ORP (HQNZDUWHHXZODWHU1RJDOWLMGLQGHEDQYDQJRHGHQIRXW"  9DOHGLFWRU\/HFWXUH 8QLYHUVLW\RI$PVWHUGDP$SULO  $GYDQ/LHPSW $YRQWXXU De oorlog Weblog'HFHPEHU KWWSGHRRUORJQSVQOZHEORJDYRQWXXU5HFHQWUHVHDUFKLQFOXGHV*HUDUG$DOGHUVRoof: de ontvreemding van joods bezit tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog 7KH+DJXH6GX %DUWYDQ GHU%RRP'We leven nog': de stemming in bezet Nederland $PVWHUGDP%RRP &KULVYDQGHU +HLMGHQGrijs verleden: Nederland en de Tweede Wereldoorlog $PVWHUGDP&RQWDFW %HUW -DQ)OLPOmdat hun hart sprak: geschiedenis van de georganiseerde hulp aan joodse kinderen in Nederland, 1942–1945 .DPSHQ.RN $DG-RQJEORHGStandort Holland: Duitse soldaten over hun oorlogstijd in Nederland =XWSKHQ:DOEXUJ3HUV *XXV0HHUVKRHNDienaren van het gezag: de Amsterdamse politie tijdens de bezetting $PVWHUGDP9DQ*HQQHS %RE0RRUH Slachtoffers en overlevenden: de nazi-vervolging van de joden in Nederland. $PVWHUGDP%HUW %DNNHU 3HWHU5RPLMQBurgemeesters in oorlogstijd: besturen tijdens de Duitse bezetting $PVWHUGDP%DODQV $QQD7LPPHUPDQHGMachteloos? Ooggetuigen van de jodenvervolging $PVWHUGDP$WKHQDHXP3RODN 9DQ*HQQHS  $FFRUGLQJWR'H-RQJLWZRXOGEHXQIDLUWRDXGLHQFHVWRIHDWXUHZLWQHVVVWDWHPHQWVE\H[16% PHPEHUV$WWKLVSRLQWLQWLPHQRWWZRGHFDGHVKDGSDVVHGVLQFHWKHOLEHUDWLRQDQGWKHDEKRUUHQFHRI FROODERUDWRUV6HHDOVR/RHGH-RQJHerinneringen 7KH+DJXH6GX  7KHVHULHVKDVUHFHLYHGFULWLFLVPIURP(OVEHWK(WW\IRUEHLQJWRRKHVLWDQWLQWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI UHVLVWDQFHKHURHV$GYDQ/LHPSWKDVDUJXHGWKDWWKLVLVDFRQVHTXHQFHRIWKHVHULHV REMHFWLYHWREULQJ OHVVHUNQRZQDVSHFWVRIWKHRFFXSDWLRQWROLJKWDVZHOODVWKHVWULFWVHOHFWLRQSURFHVVIRU'(225/2* ZKLFKFRPSULVHVQLQHHSLVRGHVDQGLVWKHUHIRUHOHVVH[KDXVWLYHWKDQ'H-RQJ V'(%(=(77,1*6HH (OVEHWK(WW\ 'HQRUPJHYHQGHKHULQQHULQJ NRC Handelsblad'HFHPEHU$GYDQ/LHPSW -HPRHWKHW]RVHFPRJHOLMNSUHVHQWHUHQ Het Parool0D\

    ZLGHUYDULHW\RISULYDWHIRUPVRIUHPHPEUDQFHKDVEHFRPHSDUWRIWKHSXEOLFGRPDLQDQGDVD UHVXOWSURYLGHVXVHUVZLWKDPRUHQXDQFHGSHUVSHFWLYHRQWKHKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVRI:RUOG:DU,, 7KHTXHVWLRQRIZK\WKHKLJKHVWQXPEHURI-HZLVKYLFWLPVRIWKHJHQRFLGHLQ:HVWHUQ (XURSHFDPHIURPWKH1HWKHUODQGVUHPDLQVDPDLQIRFXVRILQTXLU\+RZHYHUFXUUHQWUHVHDUFK GLVWLQJXLVKHVODUJHGLIIHUHQFHVLQVXUYLYDOSUREDELOLWLHVRQDPXQLFLSDOOHYHOE\WDNLQJLQWR DFFRXQW ORFDO LQIOXHQFHV DQG WKH LQWHQVLW\ RI UHVLVWDQFH DQG UDGLFDOLVP ± DUJXLQJ WKDW ORFDO UHVLVWDQFHSURYRNHGPRUH*HUPDQDFWLYLW\DQGWKHUHIRUHPRUHDUUHVWV7KHVHULHV SUHVHQWHU DQGQDUUDWRUUDGLRWHOHYLVLRQDQGQHZVDQFKRU5RE7ULSJXLGHVWKHDXGLHQFHWKURXJKQHZ LQVLJKWV EDVHG RQ UHFHQW UHVHDUFK ZLWQHVV WHVWLPRQLHV DQG SUHYLRXVO\ XQSXEOLVKHG DUFKLYDO IRRWDJH5RE7ULS VQDUUDWLRQVW\OHLVGHILQHGE\WKHYLVLWLQJRIVHYHUDOKLVWRULFDOORFDWLRQVDQG VHOHFWHGH\HZLWQHVVHV7KHVHULHVLVSULQFLSDOO\EDVHGRQWKHXVHRIZKDWWKHFUHDWRUVFDOO HJR GRFXPHQWV VXFKDVGLDU\IUDJPHQWV&RQVHTXHQWO\WKHGRFXPHQWDU\FUHDWHVDQRSSRUWXQLW\IRU KLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHVNQRZQORFDOO\EXWQRWQDWLRQDOO\WRWDNHFHQWUHVWDJH,QWKLVPDQQHUWKH VHULHV KDV EHHQ DEOH WR HQJDJH WKH 'XWFK SXEOLF ZLWK new outlooks and contradictory perspectivesXVLQJ history from below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±WKHVHSURYLGHWKHPDLQVWDUWLQJ SRLQWIRU7ULS VRQORFDWLRQQDUUDWLRQ ,QHSLVRGHRI'(225/2*+2('(-2'(18,71('(5/$1'9(5':(1(1>+2:7+(-(:6 ',6$33($5(')5207+(1(7+(5/$1'6@WKHWUDJHG\RIWKHPRUHWKDQRQHKXQGUHGWKRXVDQG GHSRUWHGDQGPXUGHUHG'XWFK-HZVLVDQDO\VHG7ULSTXHVWLRQVZK\WKLVQXPEHUZDVVRKLJKLQ WKH1HWKHUODQGVDQGZK\WKHUHZDVQRDFWLRQWRVWRSWKHJHQRFLGHRIWKH-HZLVKFRPPXQLW\ 7KHVHULHVGRHVQRWFRPHXSZLWKDGHILQLWLYHDQVZHU±ZKLFKRIFRXUVHFDQQRWEHJLYHQ±EXW GRHVDVNZKHWKHUSHRSOHQHHGHGWRNQRZDERXW$XVFKZLW]WRGLVFHUQWKDWWKLQJVZRXOGHQG

  2YHUOHYLQJVNDQVHQSHUJHPHHQWH De oorlog Weblog KWWSGHRRUORJQSVQOSDJHPDSSHQ2YHUOHYLQJVNDQVHQSHUJHPHHQWH0DUQL[7KRPDV&URHV DQG3LHWHU-RKDQQHV5XGROI7DPPHV *LIODWHQZLMQLHWYRRUWEHVWDDQHHQRQGHU]RHNQDDUGH RYHUOHYLQJVNDQVHQYDQMRGHQLQGH1HGHUODQGVHJHPHHQWHQ±  3K'5DGERXG8QLYHUVLW\  KWWSVZZZUXJQOUHVHDUFKSRUWDOSXEOLFDWLRQVJLIODWHQZLMQLHWYRRUWEHVWDDQEDH GHEHGHIEIGHKWPO *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\

  

EDGO\IRUWKH-HZV3ULQFLSDOO\WKHGLYHUVHwitness testimoniesVKRZWKHFRPSOH[LW\DQGODFN RIVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGDQVZHUVRQKRZSHRSOHDFWHGLQUHVSRQVHWRWKHGHSRUWDWLRQVWRWKH(DVW)RU H[DPSOHWKHUHLVWKHSHUVRQDOVWRU\RI-XOHV6FKHOYLVDVXUYLYRURIVHYHQFRQFHQWUDWLRQDQG H[WHUPLQDWLRQFDPSVDQGWRGD\DQLQGHSHQGHQWVFKRODULQWKHILHOGRIWKHSHUVHFXWLRQRIWKH -HZV,QKHZDVGHSRUWHGWR6RELERUZKHUHKLVZLIHDQGKHUIDPLO\ZHUHPXUGHUHG 6FKHOYLV VWHVWLPRQ\HYRNHVDQ LQKLQGVLJKWQDwYHO\ RSWLPLVWLFDWWLWXGH

:HZHUH\RXQJZHZHUHVWURQJ:HMXVWGLGQRWEHOLHYHDOOWKRVHVWRULHV:HNQHZLW ZDVJRLQJWREHWRXJKIRUXVEXWZHWKRXJKWZHZHUHVRPHKRZJRLQJWRVXUYLYH>«@ ,WRRNP\JXLWDUZLWKPHWR:HVWHUERUNDQGODWHURQDOVRRQWKHWUDLQWR6RELERU, WKRXJKWVRPHKRZRURWKHUWKHUHZRXOGEHDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRVLQJVRPHVRQJVDURXQGWKH FDPSILUH" 

6FKHOYLV ZLWQHVVVWDWHPHQWFRQYH\VWRYLHZHUV ZKDWLWZDVOLNH DWWKDWWLPHPDQ\SHRSOHZHUH VWLOOXQDZDUHRIZKDWWKH1D]LV )LQDO6ROXWLRQZRXOGXOWLPDWHO\PHDQ %HFDXVHRIWKHG\LQJRXWRIH\HZLWQHVVHVRI:RUOG:DU,,±DQGWKHUHIRUHWKHORVVRI WKLVJHQHUDWLRQ V VWRUHKRXVHRIPHPRULHV ±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obibor: A History of a Nazi Death Camp 2[IRUG8.%HUJ  6FKHOYLVQDUUDWHVKLVSHUVRQDOH[SHULHQFHVLQ7KH:DUSDUW +RZWKH-HZV'LVDSSHDUHGIURPWKH 1HWKHUODQGV DQGKLVVWRU\LVIXUWKHUH[SDQGHGRQWKHVHULHV ZHEVLWH6HH-XOHV6FKHOYLV 2QYRRUVWHOEDDU De oorlog WeblogDFFHVVHG0D\ KWWSGHRRUORJQSVQOSDJHPDSSHQ2QYRRUVWHOEDDU"DIO  G  %\FRPSDULVRQVHHP\DQDO\VLVRIWKH3HHUHERRPIDPLO\ILOPVLQ%HUEHU+DJHGRRUQ /RRN:KDW, )RXQG 5H FURVVLQJ%RXQGDULHV%HWZHHQ3XEOLF3ULYDWH+LVWRU\DQG%LRJUDSK\$XWRELRJUDSK\LQ 3pWHU)RUJiFV 7KH0DHOVWURP Studies in Documentary FilmQR  ± GRLVGI± 'DQLHO/HY\DQG1DWDQ6]QDLGHUThe Holocaust and Memory in the Global AgeWUDQV$VVHQND 2NVLORII 3KLODGHOSKLD7HPSOH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  +LVWRULDQVSURIHVVLRQDOVDQGH[SHUWVDUHFRQVXOWHGLQWKHSURGXFWLRQSURFHVVDQGIXQFWLRQDVDQ LPSRUWDQWVRXUFHRILQIRUPDWLRQ+RZHYHUSURIHVVLRQDOVDUHSUHIHUDEO\QRWIHDWXUHGDVWDONLQJKHDGV .HUQHUFilm and the Holocaust 2QWKHEDVLVRIZDUGLDULHVKLVWRULDQ%DUWYDQGHU%RRP /HLGHQ8QLYHUVLW\ UHVHDUFKHVZKDWWKH 'XWFKSHRSOHWKRXJKWRIWKHIDWHRI-HZVGXULQJWKHRFFXSDWLRQ6HH%DUWYDQGHU%RRP'Wij weten niets van hun lot': gewone Nederlanders en de Holocaust $PVWHUGDP%RRP 

    LQFOXGHego-documentsVXFKDVGLDU\IUDJPHQWVDQGOHWWHUV6XFKGRFXPHQWVIXUWKHUUHYHDOWKDW DOWKRXJKPDQ\SHRSOHZHUHXQVXUHDERXWVSHFLILFVWKH\QHYHUWKHOHVVVXVSHFWHGWKHKRUULILFIDWH DZDLWLQJ+ROODQG V-HZV&UXFLDOO\WKHVHGRFXPHQWVDOVRWUDQVPLWDVHQVHRIKRZWKLVfelt DWWKH WLPH6XFKHPRWLRQVDUHFOHDUO\FRQYH\HGWKURXJKGLDULHV)LUVWWKHGLDU\RI0RVKH)OLQNHUD VL[WHHQ\HDUROG-HZLVKER\VWULNLQJO\GHVFULEHVWKHIHHOLQJRIPDQ\SHRSOHVXVSHFWLQJEXWQRW NQRZLQJIRUVXUHWKDWKRUULEOHHYHQWVZRXOGHQVXH

,WLVOLNHEHLQJLQDODUJHKDOOZKHUHSHRSOHDUHFKHHUIXOO\GDQFLQJDQGKDYLQJIXQDQG DVPDOOJURXSLVTXLHWO\VLWWLQJLQDFRUQHU$QGHYHU\QRZDQGWKHQSHRSOHDUHFROOHFWHG IURPWKDWOLWWOHJURXSOHGWRDQRWKHUURRPDQGVWUDQJOHG%XWWKHFKHHUIXOO\GDQFLQJ SHRSOHDUHQRWDIIHFWHGE\WKLVDWDOO,QIDFWWKHLUHQMR\PHQWVHHPVWREHLQFUHDVHGE\ WKLV 

6HFRQGDWKLUW\WZR\HDUROG-HZLVKZRPDQ.ODDUWMHGH=ZDUWH:DOYLVFKGHVFULEHGKHURZQ YLHZVEDVHGRQWKHHYHQWVLQWKH+ROODQGVFKH6FKRXZEXUJ>'XWFK7KHDWUH@WKHDVVHPEO\SRLQW RQWKHRXWVNLUWVRIWKH$PVWHUGDP-HZLVKTXDUWHUDIWHUVKHKDGEHHQDUUHVWHGWREHVHQWWRZRUN LQ3RODQG

,FRXOGLPDJLQHWKDW\RXQJSHRSOHZHUHDEOHWRGRWKHIRUFHGODERXU%XWWKHSHRSOH, VDZFRPLQJLQ>«@2OGODPHDQGEOLQGSHRSOHRQHHYHQIUDLOHUWKDQWKHRWKHU:HUH WKHVHSHRSOHJRLQJWRGRKDUGODERXU" 

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narration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± D UDWKHU GDQJHURXV  &LWHGLQDe oorlog >The War@HSLVRGH +RHGH-RGHQXLW1HGHUODQGYHUGZHQHQ > +RZWKH-HZV :HUH(YLFWHGIURPWKH1HWKHUODQGV @GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV1361RYHPEHU &LWHGLQ,ELG 7RSRUWUD\IRUH[DPSOHDQLQKDELWDQWIURPWKHSURYLQFHRI'UHQWKHRU=HHODQGRUDPLQLVWHUZLWKD SRVKDFFHQW

  

VWDWHPHQWLQKLVRZQZRUGV7KLVDFWLYLW\LVSULQFLSDOO\UHLQIRUFHGDQGH[SDQGHGWKURXJKWKH VHULHV ZHEVLWHZKHUHWKHPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHVRINH\LQGLYLGXDOVDUHIHDWXUHGDQGSURYLGHGZLWK DGGLWLRQDOFRQWHQWDQGEDFNJURXQGLQIRUPDWLRQ   9LVLEOHHYLGHQFH 7KHPHGLDWLRQRISDVWHYHQWVRIWHQGHULYHVIURPRULVFRPELQHGZLWKWKHUHXVHRIDUFKLYDO IRRWDJH '( 225/2* SURYLGHV DFFHVV WR KLVWRU\ E\ RIIHULQJ YLHZHUV DQ audio-visual representationRIWKHSDVW±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Ü WKLVhistorical sensationFDQEHSURYRNHGE\HYHQ WKHVLPSOHVWFLQHPDQHZVUHHO 2ULJLQDO IRRWDJH VHUYHV DV DQ H[FHOOHQW ZD\ WR GUDZ SHRSOH LQWR D GLIIHUHQW WLPH DQG DJH ± DOVR WR UHSUHVHQWWKHUXWKOHVVQHVVRIDVSHFLILFKLVWRULFDORFFXUUHQFH,QWKLVUHVSHFWIRRWDJHFDQHYRNH WKHIHHOLQJRIWKHSDVW QRWEHLQJLQWKHSDVW IRUH[DPSOHYLDDSKRWRJUDSKRI6FKHOYLV ILUVWZLIH 5DFKHOZKRPKHVWLOOUHPHPEHUVGDLO\ 7KHLQFRUSRUDWHGPDWHULDOVDUHDOVRJLYHQDQHZGLPHQVLRQE\WKHLUMX[WDSRVLWLRQZLWK DXGLRYLVXDODQGZULWWHQWHVWLPRQLHVYRLFHRYHUQDUUDWLRQPXVLFDQGVRXQGHIIHFWV$FFRUGLQJ WR-DQVHQ+HQGULNVVXFKDmodern representationZLOODSSHDOPRUHWRDXGLHQFHVWKDQYLHZLQJ DQDUFKLYDOFOLSRXWRIFRQWH[WLQDILOPPXVHXPRURQDZHEVLWH0DULDQQH+LUVFKDQG/HR 6SLW]HUKDYHDUJXHGWKDWWKHGLVSOD\RILPDJHVDQGLFRQVRIWKH+RORFDXVWH[SHULHQFHZLWKRXW VSHFLILFLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHSURGXFWLRQFRQWH[WPD\JDLQYLHZHUV V\PSDWKHWLFDWWHQWLRQEXW REVWUXFWVHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHPRUHFRPSOH[YLVXDODQGKLVWRULFDOODQGVFDSHRIWKH+RORFDXVW

 $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW-XQH4XRWHLQ'XWFK 0DDUJRHGQXJDLNLHWV JHYDDUOLMNV ]HJJHQKHWLVQDWXXUOLMNMXLVWQLHWDXWKHQWLHNHQWRFKKHWEHYRUGHUWZHOKHWJHYRHOYDQ DXWKHQWLFLWHLWGDWOLJWGDDUZHHUQDDVWKq  *HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0D\ ,ELG 0DULDQQH+LUVFKDQG/HR6SLW]HU ,QFRQJUXRXV,PDJHV%HIRUH'XULQJDQG$IWHUWKH+RORFDXVW  LQPerforming the Past: Memory, History, and Identity in Modern EuropeHG.DULQ7LOPDQV)UDQN

   

7KHZHEVLWHRI'(225/2*SURYLGHVWKHRSWLRQWRFDWFKXSDQGUHYLHZWKHVHPDWHULDOVZLWKLQ DQH[LVWLQJIUDPHZRUNLQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKEDFNJURXQGLQIRUPDWLRQDGGLWLRQDODXGLRYLVXDO FRQWHQWDQG H[WHUQDO OLQNVDQGVHUYHVDVDQLPSRUWDQWSODWIRUPRIVRXUFHFULWLFLVPGXHWRWKH RSSRUWXQLW\LWRIIHUVIRUVRXUFHDQQRWDWLRQ8VLQJVXFKDFRPELQDWLRQRIQDUUDWLYHDQGWH[WXDO VWUDWHJLHVSURPSWVYLHZHUVWRLGHQWLI\ZLWKKLVWRULHVDQGPHPRULHVRQDFROOHFWLYHDVZHOODVDQ DIIHFWLYHOHYHO   9LVXDOLVLQJWKHSDVWIRUD\RXQJWDUJHWDXGLHQFH ,1'(225/2*ZDVYHU\PXFKDSURJUDPPHPDGHIRUDVSHFLILFWDUJHWDXGLHQFHFKLOGUHQ DJHGDSSUR[LPDWHO\HLJKWWRWKLUWHHQ\HDUVZKLOH'(225/2*ZDVFUHDWHGIRUDZLGHJHQHUDO DXGLHQFH$WWKHVWDUWRIWKHSURGXFWLRQRI'(225/2*WKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVKHDYLO\DUJXHG DERXWKRZWRGUDZLQD\RXQJWDUJHWDXGLHQFH7KHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVGLVFXVVIRULQVWDQFHD \RXWKIXOSUHVHQWHUDQGWDUJHWLQJVXEMHFWFKRLFHVKHDYLO\WDUJHWHGWRZDUGV\RXQJSHRSOHDQG H[FOXGLQJROGHUSHRSOH7KHHGLWRULDOVWDIIPHPEHUVHYHQWXDOO\PDNHWKHGHFLVLRQQRWWRGRWKH LPSRVVLEOHWRUHDFKD\RXQJWDUJHWDXGLHQFH,QVWHDGWKHSURJUDPPH'(225/2*LVFUHDWHGIRU DJHQHUDODXGLHQFHZKLFKZRXOGPDLQO\EHRIDQROGHUJHQHUDWLRQ+RZHYHULQWKHHDUO\VWDJHV RIGHYHORSLQJ'(225/2*WKHLGHDIRUDVHULHVVSHFLILFDOO\IRU\RXQJSHRSOHHPHUJHG7KLV SURJUDPPHZRUNLQJWLWOH '(./$69$1 >7+(&/$662) @LVODWHUGHYLVHGDV ,1 '( 225/2*DQGPDGHE\DWHDPWKDWQRWRQO\FUHDWHGWKHSURJUDPPHEXWDOVRKDGWRSURYLGHWKH IXQGLQJIRULW±ZKLFKZDVFKLHIO\ILQDQFHGE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI+HDOWK:HOIDUHDQG6SRUW:LWK 9DQ /LHPSW RQ ERDUG DV D JHQHUDO HGLWRULQFKLHI FUHDWRU +HLQ +RIIPDQQ DQG /RHV :RUPPHHVWHU±WKHHGLWRULQFKLHIRI+(7./2.+8,6>$33/(&25(@ 136175± D'XWFK NQRZOHGJHEDVHGDQGVDWLULFDOFKLOGUHQ VSURJUDPPH±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

 YDQ9UHHDQG-D\:LQWHU $PVWHUGDP$PVWHUGDP8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ± KWWSSXEOLFHEOLEFRPFKRLFHSXEOLFIXOOUHFRUGDVS["S  $VWULG&UHEDVJUDGXDWHGLQ(XURSHDQ/DZDWWKH9ULMH8QLYHUVLWHLWYDQ$PVWHUGDP>988QLYHUVLW\ $PVWHUGDP@LQ+DYLQJZRUNHGDVDSURGXFHUDQGHGLWRUIRU126/$$7>126/$7(@DQG129$ VKHEHFDPHDQHGLWRUIRU235(,6>21$75,3@0,''$*(',7,(>&855(17$))$,56352*5$00( 0,''$<@DQG,1'(225/2*6LQFHVKHKDVEHHQDQHGLWRUDQGUHVHDUFKHUDW+(7./2.+8,6 >$33/(&25(@ $VWULG&UHEDV3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP2FWREHU

  

WUDQVLWLRQ IURP JURXS  WKH ILQDO JUDGH  LQ SULPDU\ VFKRRO WR WKH ILUVW \HDU RI VHFRQGDU\ HGXFDWLRQ IRU LQVWDQFH LV DQ LPSRUWDQW PRPHQW IRU FKLOGUHQ WR GHFLGH FHUWDLQ WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPHVDUHQRW WUHQG\ WRZDWFKDQ\PRUH,1'(225/2*KDVUHFHLYHGHQWKXVLDVWLF UHVSRQVHVDQGLVZDWFKHGE\PDQ\DGXOWVDVZHOOLQFOXGLQJSDUHQWVDQGJUDQGSDUHQWV7KHVHULHV KDVUHFHLYHGHQWKXVLDVWLFUHVSRQVHVIURPPDQ\ROGHUYLHZHUVDVZHOODVWKHIROORZLQJH[DPSOH VKRZV

/DVW6XQGD\,ZDWFKHG\RXUILUVWHSLVRGHWRJHWKHUZLWKP\PRWKHUZKRKHUVHOIZDV WKLUWHHQ\HDUVROGGXULQJ:RUOG:DU,,0\PRWKHULVWUDXPDWLVHGE\KHUORVWFKLOGKRRG >«@6KHKDVQHYHUEHHQDEOHWRZDWFKILOPVRUGRFXPHQWDULHVDERXWWKHZDU,KDYH FRQYLQFHGKHUWRZDWFKWKLVVHULHVWRFRPHWRWHUPVZLWKWKHH[SHULHQFHVRIKHU\RXWK EHFDXVHVKHQHYHUKDVEHHQDEOHWRYLHZWKHPIURPDQDGXOW VSRLQWRIYLHZ>«@$QGLW ZRUNHG

,1'(225/2*FUHDWRUDQGHGLWRULQFKLHI+HLQ+RIIPDQQGHVFULEHVWKHSURJUDPPH V VLGH HIIHFW  RI KDYLQJ HQFRXUDJHG JUDQGSDUHQWV WR VKDUH WKHLU ZDU H[SHULHQFHV ZLWK WKHLU JUDQGFKLOGUHQDV XQH[SHFWHG EXW UHDOO\IDQWDVWLF  ,1'(225/2*GHSOR\VDlayered narrative structure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convey historical information in a comprehensible way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

    VWRU\OLQHVFRQFHUQLQJWZHOYH\HDUROG.DDWYDQ*HQQHSD-HZLVKJLUOOLYLQJLQ$PVWHUGDP ZKRVHSDUHQWVDQGHOGHUVLVWHUDUHDUUHVWHGWKLUWHHQ\HDUROG5RRVYDQ*HQQHS.DDW VVLVWHU ZKRLVDZDLWLQJGHSRUWDWLRQIURP :HVWHUERUNDORQJZLWKKHUSDUHQWVDQGWKLUWHHQ\HDUROG 'DYLG D-HZLVK ER\ ZKR UHWXUQV WR 7KH +DJXH DIWHU WKHZDU IURPWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQFDPS $XVFKZLW],QWKH,1'(225/2*RQOLQHJDPHVWRU\OLQHVRISDUWLFXODUFKDUDFWHUVDUHIXUWKHU GHYHORSHG)RULQVWDQFH.DDWYDQ*HQQHS VFLUFXPVWDQFHVDIWHUKHUIDPLO\ VGHSRUWDWLRQUHPDLQ XQFOHDULQWKHWHOHYLVLRQVHULHV+RZHYHULQWKHJDPHVKHLVUHXQLWHGZLWKKHUDXQWDQGJRHV LQWR KLGLQJ 7KH VWRULHV RI WKHVH ILFWLRQDO FKDUDFWHUV DUH H[WHQGHG EH\RQG WKH OHYHO RI WKH EURDGFDVW GUDPD VHTXHQFHV FUHDWLQJ D WUDQVPHGLD VWRU\ ZRUOG LQ ZKLFK KLVWRULFDO HYHQWV H[SHULHQFHG IURP WKH SHUVSHFWLYH RI D FKLOG YLD WHOHYLVLRQ GUDPD DQG RQOLQH JDPH SOD\ FKDUDFWHULVH ZKDW LW ZDV OLNH WR JURZ XS GXULQJ WKH ZDU 7UDQVPHGLD VWRU\WHOOLQJ KHOSV WR FRPSOHWHWKHRYHUDOOVWRU\LQWKLVPDQQHU 6LPLODUO\WR'(225/2*,1'(225/2*XVHVZDUGLDULHV±LQWKLVFDVHFKLOGUHQ V±DV LPSRUWDQW VRXUFHV RI KLVWRULFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ ,QVWHDG RI SURYLGLQJ D FOHDUFXW FDXVH  DQG VXEVHTXHQW HIIHFW RUDFOHDUGLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQSHUSHWUDWRUVDQGKHURHVWKHVHULHVSURYLGHVD PRUH nuanced view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±ZKDWLVPRUHWKDWPD\DFWXDOO\EHDJRRGWKLQJ 7KLVLPSHUDWLYHLVDOVRUHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHRYHUDOOPDWWHURIIDFWWRQHRIWKHVHULHV

:HDOVRZDQWHGWREHUHDOLVWLFLQRXUWHUPLQRORJLHVULJKWZHZDQWHGWRWDONDERXW-HZV ZKRZHUHPXUGHUHG1RW-HZVZKRYDQLVKHG«1R«7KDWVRUWRIWKLQJ 

7KHVHULHVUHSUHVHQWVLQZLGHO\GLYHUJHQWLQVWDQFHVWKHWHUURUDQGIHDUWKDWFKLOGUHQDQGDGXOWV H[SHULHQFHG GXULQJ WKH RFFXSDWLRQ DQG JHQRFLGH DQG \RXQJ YLHZHUVDUHDOORZHGWREH IULJKWHQHG :KDW LV HYLGHQW IURP WKH LQGHSWK LQWHUYLHZV ZLWK WKHFUHDWRUVLVWKDWZKHQD QDUUDWLYHLVEURXJKWWRD\RXQJDXGLHQFHLQVXFKDYLVXDOPDQQHUWKH\ZLOOPRVWOLNHO\UHWDLQ

 7KHVHULHVDOVRSURYLGHVHGXFDWLRQDOFRQWH[WVDWVFKRROVIRUWKH\RXQJWDUJHWDXGLHQFHIRULQVWDQFH IRUVWXGHQWVLQWKHILQDOJUDGHRISULPDU\HGXFDWLRQWKH 9URHJHU =R ZRUNERRNZKLFKDFFRPSDQLHV WKHVHULHV,1'(225/2*ZDVFUHDWHGIRU7HOHDF6FKRRO796HH$SSHOPDQ6FKHWVDQGYDQGHU 6SHNVroeger & Zo Speciaal $GYDQ/LHPSW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW-XQH+HLQ+RIIPDQQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ +LOYHUVXP2FWREHU +HLQ+RIIPDQQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP2FWREHU4XRWHLQ'XWFK :HZLOGHQRRN KHHOHHUOLMN]LMQLQRQ]HWHUPLQRORJLHsQKqZHZLOGHQKHWRYHU-RGHQKHEEHQGLHZRUGHQYHUPRRUG 1LHW-RGHQGLHYHUGZLMQHQ«1HH«'DWVRRUWGLQJHQ 

  

DQLQWHUHVWLQWKHHYHQWVVKRZQRQVFUHHQDQGDUHEHWWHUDEOHWRJUDVSDQGUHPHPEHUZKDWWKH\ DUHWROG   ,PDJLQLQJWKHSDVWKLVWRULFDOGUDPD 7KHfictionalised sequences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

 )LJ'UDPDLQ,1'(225/2*HSLVRGH1$'(225/2*>$)7(57+(:$5@1RWHWKDWWKH SLOODURQWKHOHIWLVFRYHUHGLQPLVVLQJSHUVRQSDPSKOHWV&RXUWHV\RI175'9'FDSWXUH   &LWHGLQ13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH 1DGHRRUORJ > $IWHUWKH:DU @GLUV+HLQ +RIIPDQQ9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ136-DQXDU\ &LWHGLQ,ELG &LWHGLQ,ELG

    7KHJRDORIWKHVHGUDPDWLVHGQDUUDWLYHVLVWROHWWKHDXGLHQFHH[SHULHQFHDQGLPDJLQH KRZHYHQWVfeltDWWKHWLPH7KHUHIRUHWKHVWRULHVDUHPDGHHDVLO\DFFHVVLEOHE\IRFXVLQJRQ YHU\SHUVRQDOVLWXDWLRQVRIFKLOGUHQZKRDUHRIWKHVDPHDJHDVWKHWDUJHWDXGLHQFHDQGE\ VKRRWLQJWKHGUDPDVFHQHVLQDQDWWUDFWLYHFLQHPDWLFVW\OHFKDUDFWHULVHGE\QDUUDWLYHOLQHDULW\ %\H[SHULHQFLQJWKHVHKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVWKURXJKWKHH\HVRID\RXQJSHUVRQ\RXQJYLHZHUVDUH EHWWHUDEOHWRFRQQHFWWRXQGHUVWDQGDQGEHDZDUHRIWKHHYHQWVWKDWKDSSHQHGDWWKLVWLPH±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tinted2QO\DVPDOODPRXQWRILPDJHVDUHWLQWHGSHUHSLVRGH GXHWRWKHFRVWVEXWWKLVSUDFWLFHLVLPSOHPHQWHGEHFDXVHWKH\RXQJWDUJHWDXGLHQFHLVPRVW OLNHO\WRFRQQHFWOHVVZLWKEODFNDQGZKLWHLPDJHU\RUPD\QRWEHDEOHWRJUDVSLW+RIIPDQQ UHIOHFWVXSRQKLVRZQFKLOGUHQ VUHDFWLRQWRDUFKLYDOIRRWDJH

>7@KH\DOZD\VDVNDid this really happen"Is it really true"'LGWKH\QRWKDYHFRORXU >ILOP@EDFNWKHQ">«@7KH\FDQQRWUHDOO\SODFHLW  P\HPSKDVLV 

7KURXJK WKLV KLJKOLJKWLQJ WHFKQLTXH REMHFWV RU LWHPV WKDW KDYH DQ LPSRUWDQW KLVWRULFDO VLJQLILFDQFHFRQWUDVWVKDUSO\ZLWKWKHUHVWRIWKHIRRWDJH)RUH[DPSOHEODFNDQGZKLWHIRRWDJH RID-HZLVKZRPDQEHLQJIRUFHGWRZHDUD6WDURI'DYLGLVVKRZQ>)LJ@7KHLQ,1'( 225/2*\HOORZWLQWHGVWDUPDNHVKHUVWDQGRXWZKLFKKLJKOLJKWVWKHIHHOLQJRIWKLVZRPDQ EHLQJVLQJOHGRXW 7KHVWLOOVGLVFXVVHGDSSHDULQWKHERRNSULQWRIWKLVGLVVHUWDWLRQHQWLUHO\LQ EODFNDQGZKLWH +RZHYHUWKHWLQWLQJWHFKQLTXHLVDOVRXVHGWRHPSKDVLVHHOHPHQWVZLWKLQWKH DUFKLYDOLPDJHVWKDWDUHYLVXDOO\LQWHUHVWLQJ$QH[DPSOHLVWKHPLWUHRI6DLQW1LFKRODV>)LJ @GXULQJDSURFHVVLRQDVSDUWRIWKHQDWLRQDOIHDVWGD\WKDWLVYHU\SRSXODUZLWKFKLOGUHQ7KH LQ,1'(225/2*UHGDQG\HOORZWLQWHGPLWUHSOD\IXOO\VWDQGVRXWEXWDOVRLOOXVWUDWHVWKDW VXFKFHOHEUDWLRQVFRQWLQXHGDQGOLIHZHQWRQGHVSLWHWKHZDU7KLVLPDJHLVDQLQGLFDWLRQRI ERWKWKHKLVWRULFDOLQWHUHVWVRIWKHSURJUDPPHDQGLWV\RXWKIXOWDUJHWDXGLHQFH 

 :LQWHU 7KH3HUIRUPDQFHRIWKH3DVW  +HLQ+RIIPDQQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP2FWREHU4XRWHLQ'XWFK «GDQYUDJHQ]H DOWLMGYDQ,VKHWZHOHFKWJHEHXUG"%HVWDDWKHWZHO"+DGGHQ]HWRHQJHHQNOHXU">«@=HNXQQHQKHW QLHW]RJRHGSODDWVHQ 

  

 )LJ:RPDQZLWK\HOORZWLQWHG6WDURI'DYLGLQ,1'(225/2*HSLVRGH-2'(1>-(:6@ &RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ'9'FDSWXUH 

 )LJ  7KH ILJXUH RI 6DLQW 1LFKRODV ZLWK UHG DQG \HOORZWLQWHG PLWUH LQ  ,1 '( 225/2* HSLVRGH'(%(=(77,1*>7+(2&&83$7,21@&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG 9LVLRQ'9'FDSWXUH  7KHH\HFDWFKLQJXVHRIWLQWHGKLJKOLJKWVLQWKHDUFKLYDOIRRWDJHFDQDOVR WULJJHU WKH WDUJHWDXGLHQFHWRSD\DWWHQWLRQ,QDVKRWIURPWKH:HVWHUERUNILOPE\5XGROI%UHVODXHU 6HWWHOD6WHLQEDFK VVFDUI>)LJ@KDVEHHQWLQWHGZKLWH\HOORZ$OWKRXJK6WHLQEDFK VKLVWRULFDO VLJQLILFDQFHLVQRWPDGHH[SOLFLWKHUH±XQOLNHLQWKHDFFRPSDQ\LQJERRN±WKHWLQWLQJSURPSWV WKH\RXQJDXGLHQFHWRWDNHH[WUDQRWLFHRIKHUKLQWLQJDWKHUKLVWRULFDOLPSRUWDQFH7KHUHIRUH ZKHQ\RXQJDXGLHQFHVHQFRXQWHU6HWWHODODWHULQDQRWKHUILOPERRNRUYLGHRSURMHFWWKH\DUH PRUHOLNHO\WRUHPHPEHUKHU7KH6HWWHODZLWKWKHWLQWHGKHDGVFDUIUHSUHVHQWVRQHRIPDQ\ HFKRLQJKHURZQSRVLWLRQDVWKH IDFH RI+RORFDXVWYLFWLPV7KHXVHRIFRORXUDPRQJVWDGDUN PLVHHQVFqQHFDQDOVREHFRPSDUHGWRWKHPRWLIRI WKHOLWWOHJLUOLQWKHUHGFRDW LQ6&+,1'/(5 6  Kamp Westerbork, de film>Camp Westerbork, the Movie@GLU5XGROI%UHVODXHU +HULQQHULQJVFHQWUXP.DPS:HVWHUERUN1267LMGVEHHOG0HGLDWKH1HWKHUODQGV +RIIPDQQ13 in de oorlog

   

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could KDYH KDSSHQHG $V D UHVXOW WKH DUFKLYDO PDWHULDO JHQHUDOO\ affirms QRUPDWLYH FROOHFWLYH KLVWRU\ IURP D 'XWFK QDWLRQDO SHUVSHFWLYH ZKLOVWWKHGUDPDWLVHGVFHQHVRIIHUURRPIRUrecognisingDQGunderstandingWKHKLVWRULFDOHYHQWV WKURXJKWKHH\HVRID\RXQJSHUVRQ7KLVQDUUDWLYHIRUPDWVHUYHVDVDSRZHUIXOWRROWRFRQYH\ KLVWRULFDOFRQWHQWDQGWRVWLPXODWHUHPHPEUDQFH 

 )LJ6HWWHOD6WHLQEDFKZLWKWLQWHGKHDGVFDUILQ,1'(225/2*HSLVRGH9(51,(7,*,1* >'(6758&7,21@&RXUWHV\RI1HWKHUODQGV,QVWLWXWHIRU6RXQGDQG9LVLRQ'9'FDSWXUH   (GXFDWLRQDOJDPLQJ :KDWZRXOG\RXGRLQWLPHVRIZDU"  7RLPSURYHWKH\RXQJDXGLHQFH VDELOLW\WRimagineRUimmerseWKHPVHOYHVLQWKHGHSLFWHG KLVWRULFDOVLWXDWLRQVWKH ,1 '( 225/2*RQOLQHJDPHDQGZHEVLWH>)LJDQG@ GHVLJQHGE\,-VIRQWHLQ,QWHUDFWLYH0HGLDZHUHSURPRWHGDWWKHHQGRIHDFKEURDGFDVWE\:DGH DV IROORZV :KDW ZRXOG \RX GR LQ WLPHV RI ZDU" *R RQ WKH ZDUSDWK RQ RXU ZHEVLWH DQG H[SHULHQFH WKLV \RXUVHOI  7KH JDPH LV DQ LQWHUDFWLYH TXHVW LQ NHHSLQJ ZLWK WKH FRQWHQW VLWXDWLRQVORFDWLRQVDQGFKDUDFWHUVIURPWKHVHULHV7KHORRNRIWKHJDPHUHVHPEOHVDGLRUDPD

 1LFKROVRepresenting Reality

  

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

 )LJ,1'(225/2*ZHEVLWH&RXUWHV\RI,-VIRQWHLQ,QWHUDFWLYH0HGLDDQG175:HEVLWH FDSWXUH 

   

 )LJ ,1 '( 225/2*JDPH&RXUWHV\RI,-VIRQWHLQ,QWHUDFWLYH0HGLDDQG175:HEVLWH FDSWXUH 

 )LJ ,1 '( 225/2*JDPH&RXUWHV\RI,-VIRQWHLQ,QWHUDFWLYH0HGLDDQG175:HEVLWH FDSWXUH  7KHJDPHHYRNHVWKHH[FLWHPHQWEXWHYHQPRUHVRWKHGLOHPPDVRIZDUWLPH3OD\HUV DUH UHTXLUHG WR LPDJLQH KRZ WKH\ ZRXOG UHVSRQG WR FHUWDLQ VLWXDWLRQV LQ WLPHV RI ZDU IRU

  

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±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±DQGWKHUHIRUHOHVVFDSDEOHRIPHPRU\±E\WH[WXDO VWUDWHJLHVRIUHXVH,KDYHVKRZQWKDWE\SODFLQJSUHYLRXVO\WUDQVPLWWHGDQGDUFKLYDOIRRWDJH ZLWKLQQHZLQWHUSUHWDWLYHIUDPHZRUNVSDVWHYHQWVDVZHOODVSDVWWHOHYLVLRQFDQJDLQQHZOHYHOV RIPHDQLQJIRUWHOHYLVLRQYLHZHUV

 $QGUHZ+RVNLQV 7KH0HGLDWLVDWLRQRI0HPRU\ LQSave As... Digital MemoriesHG-RDQQH*DUGH +DQVHQ$QGUHZ+RVNLQVDQG$QQD5HDGLQJ %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ ±

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uropeanaDQGEUscreenZKLFKWUDQVFHQGQDWLRQDOFRQQRWDWLRQV 6XFK SURMHFWV RIIHU RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU WKH FUHDWLYH UHXVH RI DUFKLYDO PDWHULDOV DQG DUH DQ H[WHQVLRQRIWHOHYLVXDOIRUPVRIUHVFUHHQLQJ$WWKHVDPHWLPHWKHYLVXDOUHFRUGDQGKLVWRULFDO UHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKH+RORFDXVWLVHYHUPRUHEHFRPLQJDWRSLFRIDFDGHPLFVWXG\,QFUHDVLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHVWRVKDUHSULYDWHPHPRULHVWKURXJKDYDULHW\RISXEOLFSODWIRUPVPHDQWKDWSRSXODU PHGLDIRUPVDQGSUDFWLFHV±LQWHOHYLVLRQILOPOLWHUDWXUHDQGGLJLWDOPHGLD±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±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heatres of Memory: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture /RQGRQ9HUVR  EuropeanaHQDEOHVSHRSOHWRH[SORUHWKHGLJLWDOUHVRXUFHVRI(XURSH VPXVHXPVOLEUDULHVDUFKLYHV DQGDXGLRYLVXDOFROOHFWLRQV (XURSHDQD+RPHSDJH DFFHVVHG-XQH KWWSZZZHXURSHDQDHXSRUWDO EUscreenRIIHUVIUHHRQOLQHDFFHVVWRYLGHRVVWLOOVWH[WVDQGDXGLRIURP(XURSHDQEURDGFDVWHUVDQG DXGLRYLVXDODUFKLYHV (8VFUHHQ+RPHSDJH DFFHVVHG-XQHKWWSZZZHXVFUHHQHX 6DUDK)DUPHU *RLQJ9LVXDO+RORFDXVW5HSUHVHQWDWLRQDQG+LVWRULFDO0HWKRG The American Historical ReviewQR  ±GRLDKU

  

   6WUDWHJLHVRI0XOWL3ODWIRUP6WRU\WHOOLQJ LQ7HOHYLVXDO&URVV0HGLD3URMHFWV In Europa

KH DYDLODELOLW\ DQG XVH RI WHOHYLVXDO PDWHULDOV KDV LQFUHDVHG LQ FRQWHPSRUDU\ SRVW VFDUFLW\ FXOWXUH  HVSHFLDOO\ WKURXJK WKH GLJLWLVDWLRQ RI DUFKLYDO FROOHFWLRQV DQG 7SURGXFWLRQRIKLVWRU\EDVHGFRQWHQWIRUWHOHYLVLRQ,QWKLVFKDSWHU,H[SORUHVWUDWHJLHV RIPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJXVHGE\WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHPDNHUVLQWKHFURVVPHGLDDJH SULQFLSDOO\ FRQFHUQLQJ SHUVRQDO PHPRULHV RI KLVWRULFDO HYHQWV 7KH DQDO\VLV IRFXVHV RQ D VSHFLILFFDVHRIKLVWRU\WHOHYLVLRQGRFXPHQWDU\WKH'XWFKFURVVPHGLDSURMHFW,1(8523$>,1 (8523(@ 9352 ±  7KHVH VWUDWHJLHV KROG RSSRUWXQLWLHV DQG LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU D VSHFLILFNLQGRIVKDUHGHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHSDVWZKLFKFDQDUJXDEO\EHFDOOHGD SDUWLFLSDWRU\ PHPRU\  5HFHQWVWXGLHVKDYHSRLQWHGRXWWKHFHQWUDOLW\RIPHGLDWRWKHIRUPDWLRQRIPHPRU\ 0HPRU\QDUUDWLYHVDUHQRWRQO\SURGXFHGLQVRFLRFXOWXUDOFRQWH[WVEXWDUHUHSXUSRVHGDQG SUHVHUYHGWKURXJKPHGLDSUDFWLFHV0HGLDWHFKQRORJLHVFDQWKHUHIRUHEHGHILQHGDV WRROVWKDW mediate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

 1HLJHU0H\HUVDQG=DQGEHUJOn Media Memory: Collective Memory in a New Media Age(UOO DQG5LJQH\Mediation, Remediation, and the Dynamics of Cutural Memory+X\VVHQPresent Pasts 9DQ'LMFNMediated Memories in the Digital Age $P\+ROGVZRUWKTelevision, Memory and Nostalgia %DVLQJVWRNH+DPSVKLUH3DOJUDYH 0DFPLOODQ -pU{PH%RXUGRQ 6RPH6HQVHRI7LPH5HPHPEHULQJ7HOHYLVLRQ History & MemoryQR  ±GRLKDP*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU&5ROOLQV HGVTelevision Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media Age /H[LQJWRQ.<8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVVRI.HQWXFN\ 

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OOHU )RUPDWWHG6SDFHVRI3DUWLFLSDWLRQ,QWHUDFWLYH7HOHYLVLRQDQGWKH&KDQJLQJ 5HODWLRQVKLSV%HWZHHQ3URGXFWLRQDQG&RQVXPSWLRQ LQDigital Material: Tracing New Media in Everyday Life and TechnologyHG0DULDQQHYDQGHQ%RRPHQHWDO $PVWHUGDP$PVWHUGDP 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ± $PRUHH[WUHPHH[DPSOHLVWKHFRQWURYHUV\VXUURXQGLQJDQH.S.C MercuriusSDUW\DQDWWHQGHH FODLPHGWREHWUHDWHGZLWKFRQWHPSWGXULQJDKD]LQJZKLFKVXEVHTXHQWO\FDXVHGDPHGLDVWRUP

  

DQ DXWKRUVKLSFULVLV LQWKHGLJLWDOZRUOG WHFKQRORJ\KDVILQDOO\FUHDWHGDPHFKDQLVPIRUSHRSOH WRKDYHDYRLFHEXWDXWKRUVDUHVWLOOZRUNLQJRXWKRZWRGHDOZLWKLW Authorial controlLVD VLJQLILFDQWSDUWRIVWRU\SURGXFWLRQ$SURIHVVLRQDOVFULSWZULWHULVIRULQVWDQFHHPSKDVLVHGDVD YLWDO QHFHVVDU\ SDUW RI WUDQVPHGLD VWRU\ SURGXFWLRQ DQG RI WDNLQJ \RXUVHOI VHULRXVO\ DV D VWRU\WHOOHU3URGXFHUVDUHNHHQRQsteeringLQWHUDFWLYLW\HVSHFLDOO\ZKHQGLIIHUHQWSODWIRUPVDUH XVHG%DUW5REEHQDQG6DQGHU2VNDPSRI(ODVWLTXH±ZKRGHYHORSHGWUDQVPHGLDH[SHULHQFH ZLWKWKHGUDPDVHULHV,1 7+(5$3,( >,1 7+(5$3<@ 1&59 ± LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK 1&59DQG132,QQRYDWLHHQ1LHXZH0HGLD>132,QQRYDWLRQDQG1HZ0HGLD@±DUJXHWKDW XVHUSDUWLFLSDWLRQYLDWUDQVPHGLDVWRU\WHOOLQJWHFKQLTXHVUHVHPEOHVSOD\LQJDJDPHEXWZLWKWKH WRROV WKDW ZH DUH XVHG WR DV KXPDQ EHLQJV 7KH FUHDWLRQ RI RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU LQWHUDFWLRQ WKHUHIRUHSOD\VDFHQWUDOUROH5REEHQ «@ZKDW\RXGRZLWK WKHPGHSHQGVRQWKHJRDO\RXZDQWWRDFKLHYH 8VHUVDUHDFWLYHO\IRUDJLQJIRUQHZFRQWHQW DQGUHVSRQGLQJWRLQIRUPDWLRQWKURXJKVRFLDOPHGLD5HJDUGLQJWKHFUHDWLRQRIRSSRUWXQLWLHV IRULQWHUDFWLRQ5REEHQDUJXHV

6WHHULQJLQWHUDFWLYLW\IRULQVWDQFHPHDQVVZLWFKLQJRIFRPPHQWIXQFWLRQVRQSODWIRUPVOLNH

 -XVWLWLHRQGHU]RHNWYHUQHGHULQJRSIHHVW)HXWHQDFWHXUV De Volkskrant$SULO KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOELQQHQODQGMXVWLWLHRQGHU]RHNWYHUQHGHULQJRSIHHVWIHXWHQ DFWHXUVaD 5RVH)UDQN4WGLQ+HQU\-HQNLQV 'HHS0HGLD7UDQVPHGLD:KDW VWKH'LIIHUHQFH"$Q ,QWHUYLHZZLWK)UDQN5RVH 3DUW7ZR Confessions of an Aca-Fan: The Official Weblog of Henry Jenkins-DQXDU\KWWSKHQU\MHQNLQVRUJGHHSBPHGLDBWUDQVPHGLDBZKDWVBWKBKWPO %DUW5REEHQUHFHLYHGKLV0DVWHURI$UWVLQ(XURSHDQ0HGLD>(00$@GHJUHHDWWKH+RJHVFKRRO YRRUGH.XQVWHQ+.8>8QLYHUVLW\RIWKH$UWV8WUHFKW@LQ+HLVFRIRXQGHURI(ODVWLTXHDQ DZDUGZLQQLQJGLJLWDOSURGXFWLRQFRPSDQ\WKDWFUHDWHVWUDQVPHGLDHQWHUWDLQPHQWDFURVVZHEPRELOH DQGVRFLDOPHGLD)RXQGHGLQ(ODVWLTXHSURGXFHVLQWHUDFWLYHHQWHUWDLQPHQWIRUPRYLHV WHOHYLVLRQEUDQGVDQGGLJLWDOPHGLDFRPSDQLHV7RJHWKHUZLWK1&59WHOHYLVLRQDQG132,QQRYDWLRQ DQG1HZ0HGLDWKH\GHYHORSHGDWUDQVPHGLDH[SHULHQFHDURXQGWKHWHOHYLVLRQVHULHV,17+(5$3,(>,1 7+(5$3+<@ 6DQGHU2VNDPSVWXGLHG,QWHUDFWLYH1DUUDWLYHDWWKH0DVWHURI$UWVLQ(XURSHDQ0HGLD>(00$@ GHSDUWPHQWDWWKH+.8:LWK%DUW5REEHQKHZDVFRIRXQGHURI(ODVWLTXHDQGZRUNHGDVDQ&UHDWLYH 'LUHFWRU ,QWHUDFWLYH&RQFHSW'HVLJQHUWLOO2FWREHU+HLVQRZDQ,QWHUDFWLYH&RQFHSW'HVLJQHU 6RXQG0DJLFLDQDW:HWWHORRV 6DQGHU2VNDPSDQG%DUW5REEHQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW0D\ %DUW5REEHQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK -HPRHWPRJHOLMNKHGHQ FUHHsUHQ « ZDWMHHUHUPHHGRHWOLJWDDQKHWGRHOGDWMHZLOWEHUHLNHQ  ,ELG4XRWHLQ'XWFK -HNDQKHOHPDDOQLHWEHSDOHQZDWGDDUJHEHXUW±DOVMHWpGLUHFWLHIEHQWGDQ JDDWKHWPLVHQZDQQHHUMHPHQVHQQLHWDOOHPDDORSGH]HOIGHSOHNKHEWGDQZHHWMHVRZLHVRDOGDWMH ]HQLHWJDDWEHUHLNHQ  $OOWUDQVODWLRQVE\WKHDXWKRU

    FUDIW6X]DQQH6FRWWUHIHUULQJWR-HQNLQV ZRUNTextual Poachers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craftsmanship  2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHself-regulation abilityRIDFRPPXQLW\LVDNH\HOHPHQWLQWKH VXFFHVVRIXVHUSDUWLFLSDWLRQ7KLVLVIRULQVWDQFHH[HPSOLILHGE\63$1*$6 >63$1*$6@ 1&59 ±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aidedE\VWHHULQJLQWHUDFWLYLW\WRZDUGVRQHPDLQVLWHDQGWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHJURXS EHLQJLQRQHSODFH$XWKRULDOFRQWUROLQWKHFDVHRIWUDQVPHGLDVWRU\SURGXFWLRQLVWKHUHIRUH PRUHDERXWOHQGLQJXVHUVDKDQG$VDQHDUO\DGDSWRUWRWKHLQWHUQHWVHFWRURIWKHWHOHYLVLRQ LQGXVWU\(OVD*RUWHUGHVFULEHVWKLVDVIROORZV

 6X]DQQH6FRWW :KR V6WHHULQJWKH0RWKHUVKLS"7KH5ROHRIWKH)DQER\$XWHXULQ7UDQVPHGLD 6WRU\WHOOLQJ LQThe Participatory Cultures HandbookHG$DURQ$ODQ'HOZLFKHDQG-HQQLIHU-DFREV +HQGHUVRQ 1HZ=#33 0<67(5<352-(&7@DWUDQVPHGLDPXUGHUP\VWHU\SURMHFWFRQVLVWLQJRIDWHOHYLVLRQVKRZIRU\RXWK EURDGFDVWHU=#SSDQGDFRUUHVSRQGLQJUHVSRQVLYHLQWHUDFWLYHZHEVLWHZLWKRQOLQHFRQWHQW7KLV SURMHFWUHFHLYHGWKH=LOYHUHQ6SLQ$ZDUG>6LOYHU6SLGHU$ZDUG@IRULWVFUHDWLYLW\LQGLJLWDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ

  

:KDWZHDFWXDOO\VHHLVWKDWWKHPRUHZHH[SHFWIURPSHRSOHWKHOHVVSHRSOHXSORDG >«@

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daily engagementZLWKQXPHURXVPDVVPHGLD ,QWKHZRUGVRI*RUWHU :HGRQRWOLYHLQDRQHPHGLXPVRFLHW\DQ\PRUH>«@,EHOLHYHWKH WLPHWKDWZHRQO\SURGXFHDWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHLVRYHU ,WUHPDLQVDFKDOOHQJHKRZHYHU IRU PXOWLSODWIRUP VWRU\ SURGXFWLRQV WKDW WKH SURGXFWLRQ SURFHVVHV DQG EXGJHW VRXUFHV RI LQWHUQHWDQGWHOHYLVLRQGLIIHUIURPRQHDQRWKHU,QSUDFWLFHWKLVFDQPHDQWKDWWKHWHOHYLVLRQ GHSDUWPHQWDQGWKHLQWHUQHWGHSDUWPHQWPD\QRWEHLQIRUPHGVLPXOWDQHRXVO\DERXWZKHQIXQGV DUHDYDLODEOHWRFDUU\RXWDSDUWLFXODUSURMHFW7KLVFDQIRULQVWDQFHEULQJDERXWWKHVLWXDWLRQ ZKHUH WKH QHZ PHGLD GHSDUWPHQW ZLOO EHFRPH LQYROYHG LQ WKH SURFHVVDWDODWHUVWDJH Production routines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new rolesDUHWKDWRIWKH VXSHU

 (OVD*RUWHU3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP-XO\4XRWHLQ'XWFK:LM]LHQHLJHQOLMNKRH PHHUZLMYDQPHQVHQYHUZDFKWHQKRHPLQGHUPHQVHQXSORDGHQ>«@-HPRHWPHQVHQEHVWZHODDQKHW KDQGMHQHPHQPHWZDW]HPRHWHQGRHQHQZHONHULFKWOLMQHQHU]LMQRIKHWVXFFHVYROLVGDW]LMLHWV ZLOOHQXSORDGHQRIHFKWGHHQHUJLH«,NYLQGKHWRRNEHVWZHOYHHOJHYUDDJGDOVJHEUXLNHURP]RYHHO HQHUJLHWHVWRSSHQLQGDWVRRUWGLQJHQ  -RVpYDQ'LMFN 8VHUV/LNH«@>,@N GHQNGDWGHWLMGGDWMHDOOHHQHHQWYSURJUDPPDPDDNWGLHLVJHZRRQYRRUELM 

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± ZKLFKLVSUREOHPDWLFWRVD\WKHOHDVWIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIDWUDQVPHGLDQDUUDWLYH7KLVVHHPV LQGLFDWLYH RI ODUJHU WHQGHQFLHV WKDW WKH WHOHYLVLRQ LQGXVWU\ LV DWWHPSWLQJ WR XQGHUVWDQG HQJDJHPHQW LQWHUPV RIoutdated concepts of media use DQG D WHOHYLVLRQ FXOWXUH ZKHUH WKH LQWHUQHWKDVDVHFRQGDU\SULRULW\LQWKHSURGXFWLRQURXWLQH &URVVPHGLD DQG WUDQVPHGLD VWRU\WHOOLQJ LV D ORJLFDO IROORZXS WR FXUUHQW DQG ORQJ H[LVWLQJ SUDFWLFHV ,Q WKLV PDQQHU WKH UK\WKP RI WRGD\ V WHFKQRORJ\ YHU\ PXFK GHILQHV WKH UK\WKPRIKRZVWRULHVFDQEHWROG7UDQVPHGLDVWRU\SURGXFWLRQZKHUHWKHERXQGDU\EHWZHHQ IDFWDQGILFWLRQLVPRVWEOXUUHGLQSDUWLFXODUVHHPVWRKDYHDEHWWHUfeelIRUVHYHUDOFKDUDFWHULVWLF IHDWXUHVRIRXUSUHVHQWVRFLHW\

0RUHJURXQGHGLQH[SHULHQFH>«@,W VQRWDK\SHRUWKHQH[WELJWKLQJEXWDORJLFDO IROORZXSWRZKDWZHKDYHGRQHIRUDORQJWLPHSOXVDORJLFDOIROORZXSWRGHYHORSPHQWV LQRXUVRFLHW\LWKDVWREHIDVWHUPRUHPDQDJHDEOHPRUHLQWHQVHPRUHXQQHUYLQJ>«@ WKLVILWVEHWWHUZLWKKRZZHH[SHULHQFLQJHYHU\WKLQJQRZDGD\V 

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ustralian Journal of Emerging Technologies and SocietyQR   ,YDQ'$VNZLWK 7HOHYLVLRQ5HFRQFHSWXDOL]LQJ7HOHYLVLRQDVDQ(QJDJHPHQW 0HGLXP  06F0DVVDFKXVHWWV,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\  KWWSGVSDFHPLWHGXKDQGOH 2WKHUH[DPSOHVDUHIRULQVWDQFHWKH9(521,&$0$56 .LFNVWDUWHUFDPSDLJQDQG1HWIOL[ V SURGXFWLRQRIHouse of CardsDQGWKHIRXUWKVHDVRQRI$55(67(''(9(/230(17 %DUW5REEHQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ8WUHFKW0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK 0HHURSHUYDULQJ>«@1LHW HHQK\SHRIQH[WEHVWWKLQJPDDUHHQORJLVFKYHUYROJRSZDWZHDOKHHOODQJGRHQSOXVHHQORJLVFK JHYROJRSRQWZLNNHOLQJHQLQGHVDPHQOHYLQJVQHOOHUEHKDSEDDUGHUKHIWLJHUVFKRNNHQGHU « SDVW EHWHUELMKRHZHQXDOOHVEHOHYHQ  (OVD*RUWHU3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP-XO\4XRWHLQ'XWFK +HWZHUGHHQHUYDULQJ ZDDU«HLJHQOLMNNRQGHQIDQVQLHWPHHU]R]RQGHU'LHZDUHQKppODFWLHIHQGLH]HLGHQRRNHFKW,1 7+(5$3,(LVQXHHQYHUVODYLQJJHZRUGHQ 

  

SDUWLFXODUIXQFWLRQVDVD PRUHRUOHVVVXFFHVVIXO FLUFXODUH[HUFLWDWLRQE\SURIHVVLRQDOVZKLFK LQYLWHVDXGLHQFHVQRWRQO\WRHQJDJHGHHSHUZLWKWHOHYLVLRQSURGXFWLRQVEXWFDQDOVRLQYHVWWKH OLYHQHVVRIDSSRLQWPHQWWHOHYLVLRQZLWKQHZPHDQLQJ  &KDOOHQJHVLQWKHFRQYHUJHQFHHUDWKHUHIRUHLQFOXGHWKHQHJRWLDWLRQRIQHZSUDFWLFHVRI VKDUHGWH[WXDODXWKRULW\WKHG\QDPLFVEHWZHHQDXWKRULDOFRQWURODQGVHOIUHJXODWLRQWKHIDFW WKDWXVHUJHQHUDWHGFRQWHQWODFNVVWRU\WHOOLQJWHFKQLTXHVDQGDFHUWDLQPHDVXUHRIXQFHUWDLQW\ EHLQJLQKHUHQWWRWKHVWUXFWXUHRIDPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\SURGXFWLRQ,WDOVRHQWDLOVDEURDGHQLQJ RISURGXFWLRQUROHVDQGDSSURDFKHVWRVWRU\WHOOLQJ+RZHYHULQWKHFRQWHPSRUDU\WHOHYLVXDO ODQGVFDSH WKH LQWHUQHW LV VWLOO VHFRQG WR WHOHYLVLRQ LQ WKH SURGXFWLRQ URXWLQH 7HOHYLVLRQ LV FRQVHTXHQWO\QRW \HW WXUQLQJLQWRDWUDQVPHGLDVWRU\WHOOLQJPHGLXPEXWUDWKHUWUDQVPHGLD VWRU\WHOOLQJLVDSDUWLFXODUFUDIWRUDVSHFLILFPRGHRIHQJDJHPHQWWKDWFDQEHDSSOLHGWRGLIIHUHQW JHQUHV $FDGHPLF VWXGLHV RQ WUDQVPHGLD VWRU\WHOOLQJ WHFKQLTXHV IRU WHOHYLVLRQ DUH SUHGRPLQDQWO\IRFXVHGRQHQWHUWDLQPHQWSURGXFWLRQV$OWKRXJKWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIWUDQVPHGLD VWRU\WHOOLQJLQRWKHUJHQUHVFDQEHWULFNLHUWKHUHDUHVXFFHVVIXOH[DPSOHVRIWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI WUDQVPHGLD VWRU\WHOOLQJ WHFKQLTXHV IRU HGXFDWLRQDO SXUSRVHV DQG ZLWK QRQILFWLRQ HOHPHQWV SDUWLFXODUO\LQK\EULGJHQUHVZKLFKPDNHWKHXWPRVWXVHRIEOXUULQJWKHOLQHVEHWZHHQIDFWDQG ILFWLRQ $Q H[DPSOH LV WKH GRFXPHQWDU\GUDPD VHULHV  ,1 '( 225/2* >$7:$5@ 136 ±  GLVFXVVHGLQ&KDSWHU 7KLVRIIHUVFRQVLGHUDEOHURRPIRUIXUWKHUDQDO\VLV0XOWL SODWIRUPVWRU\SURGXFWLRQ±ZKHWKHUFURVVPHGLDWUDQVPHGLDRUDFRPELQDWLRQRIWKHWZR± FKDOOHQJHV ERWK SURGXFHUV DQG WHOHYLVLRQ YLHZHUV RQ KRZ WR FRPSUHKHQG D QDUUDWLYH WROG WKURXJKWHOHYLVLRQDQGWRIXUWKHUH[SORUHWKHXVHRIWKHPHGLXPWHOHYLVLRQLQWKHFRQYHUJHQFH HUD  &XOWXUDOKLVWRULFDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQV   5HZULWLQJ +LVWRU\ LQWRSHUVRQDOKLVWRULHV ,Q'XWFKDXWKRUDQGMRXUQDOLVW*HHUW0DNHPEDUNHGRQDQLQVSHFWLRQWRXURI (XURSHDW WKHHQGRIWKHPLOOHQQLXP ZKLFKIRUPHGWKHJURXQGZRUNIRUKLVERRNIn Europe: Travels through the Twentieth Century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±WKH7HKUDQEXUHDXFKLHIIRUThe New York Times±KH PDGHWKHIRXUHSLVRGHWHOHYLVLRQVHULHV21=(0$1,17(+(5$1>2850$1,17(+5$1@IRUZKLFKWKH\ ZHUHKRQRXUHGZLWKWKH6LOYHU1LSNRZ$ZDUGIRUEHVWWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHE\'XWFK WHOHYLVLRQFULWLFV2QHRIKLVFXUUHQWSURMHFWVWRJHWKHUZLWK'DYLG.OHLMZHJWLV63((&+(6DWZHOYH HSLVRGHVHULHVRQIDPRXVVSHHFKHVDQGKRZWKH\FKDQJHGWKHZRUOGDQGWKHOLIHRIWKHSHRSOHZKR OLVWHQHGWRWKHP

    JHQHUDODXGLHQFHDQGKDVEHHQKDLOHGDVRQHRIWKHEHVWZDWFKHGGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHVHYHULQ WKH1HWKHUODQGV(SLVRGHVFDQEHYLHZHGRQWKHSURJUDPPH VZHEVLWHWKHSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUV  FDWFKXS79ZHEVLWHDQGKLVWRU\SRUWDO'9'DVZHOODVGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOV7KHVHULHV KDVDOVREHHQVROGWR%HOJLXP)UDQFH6ZHGHQ1RUZD\'HQPDUNDQG&URDWLD,1(8523$ZDV DZDUGHGWKHPrix EuropeIRUEHVWSURGXFWLRQLQWKHFDWHJRU\ (PHUJLQJ0HGLD EHFDXVH RIWKHSURMHFW VFURVVPHGLDQDWXUHWKHH[WHQVLYHPRELOLVDWLRQRISRGFDVWVDQGYRGFDVWVDQG LQQRYDWLYHXVHRI*RRJOH0DSV , DUJXH WKDW ,1 (8523$ V PDLQ VWUDWHJ\ LV WR SURYLGH D new reading of history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lieux de mémoire VLWHVRIPHPRU\ 

 )LJ2YHUYLHZRI,1(8523$HSLVRGHVLQFOXGLQJORFDWLRQV VLWHVRIPHPRU\ DQG\HDUVIRFXVHG XSRQLQWKHKLVWRU\RI(XURSHLQWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\ 

  'RFXPHQWDLUHUHHNV9352WUHNWYHHONLMNHUV Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP) )HEUXDU\ 3LHUUH1RUD %HWZHHQ0HPRU\DQG+LVWRU\/HV/LHX[GH0pPRLUH Representations  ± 

  

7DNLQJLWVFXHIURP0DN VERRNWKHFHQWUDOTXHVWLRQRIWKHVHULHVLV :KDWLVWKHVWDWH RIDIIDLUVRQWKH(XURSHDQFRQWLQHQWDWWKHHQGRIWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\DQGKRZGLGZHJHW WKHUH" ,Q6HSWHPEHUWKHFUHDWRUVVXEPLWWHGDQDSSOLFDWLRQIRUDGHYHORSPHQWVXEVLG\WKDW LQFOXGHGWKHIROORZLQJOLQHRIDUJXPHQWDWLRQ

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|KQHEXWWKLVFRQFHSWILWVQHDWO\WRJHWKHUZLWK0DN V LGHDVDERXWELJJHUDQGVPDOOHUFDPSIROORZHUVGXULQJ:RUOG:DU,, $WWKHWLPHZKHQWKHSURSRVDOZDVEHLQJZULWWHQWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVGHHPHGWKH GRFXPHQWDU\HYHQPRUHSUHVVLQJWKDQLQZKHQ0DNWUDYHOOHGDURXQG(XURSHDQGVSLULWV ZHUHUHODWLYHO\KLJK/LNH$1'(5(7,-'(1>&+$1*,1*7,0(6@ 1361759352± DQG'( 225/2*,1'(225/2*>7+(:$5$7:$5@ 136± WKLVVHULHVVWULYHVWRJLYH DQHZSHUVSHFWLYHRQWKHKLVWRU\RIWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\FKDOOHQJLQJDFFHSWHGYHUVLRQVRI KLVWRU\RUWKH FRQVHQVXV DERXWWKHSDVWOLNHWKHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGULJKWZURQJSHUVSHFWLYHRI :RUOG:DU,,LQWKH1HWKHUODQGV

7KDWHYHUWRRHDV\FRQVHQVXVDERXWWKHSDVW±RXUH[LVWLQJDFFHSWHGYLHZRIWKHSDVW 7DNHIRULQVWDQFHWKHLQQRFHQWVKRUWVLJKWHGYLHZRQWKHUROHRIWKH'XWFKGXULQJWKH ZDUZKLFKRQO\OHDYHVURRPIRUWKHKHURDQGWKHFROODERUDWRU:KHUHDVLQUHDOLW\WKH UROHRIWKHFLYLOVHUYLFHZDVQRWDVKDUPOHVVDVLWVHHPHG:LWKWKH)UHQFKLWZDVHYHQ ZRUVHRYHUWKHUHWKHFROODERUDWLRQRIWKH3pWDLQDGPLQLVWUDWLRQVHHPVWREHORRNHGXSRQ DVDPLQRUIODZZKLFKFDQQRWEHOLQNHGWRPRVW)UHQFKFLWL]HQV7KHILOPH[KLELWVWKH

 5RHOYDQ%URHNKRYHQ6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHUDQG+DQV'RUWPDQV ,1(8523$UHL]HQGRRUGH WZLQWLJVWHHHXZ9RRUVWHOYRRUHHQGRFXPHQWDLUHUHLVYHUKDDOLQGHOHQJHEDVHHUGRSKHWERHN,Q (XURSDYDQ*HHUW0DN'HHHUVWHILOPV±GHSHULRGH±  93522FWREHU L 5RHOYDQ%URHNKRYHQ /LMVWPHWXLWJDQJVSXQWHQYRRU,1(8523$ QG$SSHQGL[ZLWKPHVVDJHWR FUHDWRUVRI,1(8523$SDUW4XRWHLQ'XWFK 8LWJDQJVSXQWLVHQEOLMIW*HHUW]LMQERHN/LHIVWEOLMYHQ ZHGDDU]RGLFKWPRJHOLMNELM$OVGDWQLHWOXNWGDQ]RHNHQZHHHQYHUWDOLQJGLH]LMQEHWRRJUHFKWGRHW 

    PDQ\VKDGHVEHWZHHQJXLOWDQGLQQRFHQFHEHWZHHQEHLQJSUHVVHGKDUGDQGPDNLQJDQ HDV\MXGJHPHQWODWHURQ 

7KHGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHVSXVKHVQRUPDWLYHKLVWRU\LQWRJUH\HUDUHDVDQGGRHVVRE\VKLIWLQJWKH IRFXVRIWKHQDUUDWLRQWRKRZSHRSOHKDYHZLWQHVVHGDQGH[SHULHQFHGWKDWKLVWRU\7KLVILWV9DQ %URHNKRYHQ VRZQSUHIHUHQFHIRUXVLQJ small narratives DVDPRGHOIRUH[SODQDWLRQ

:K\VPDOOHUQDUUDWLYHV"%HFDXVHWKLVDOORZV\RXWRLGHQWLI\ZLWKSHRSOHDQGWRQRWRQO\ OLVWHQZLWK\RXUHDUEXWDOVRZLWK\RXUHPRWLRQV7KDW\RXWKLQN

8QOLNHPRUHWUDGLWLRQDOSHUVSHFWLYHV,1(8523$WKHUHIRUHIRFXVHVOHVVRQWKH ELJQDPHV RIWKH WZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\EXWUHSUHVHQWVWKHGHFLVLRQVRISHRSOHZKRKDGWRGHDOZLWKWKLVKLVWRU\RQ DQHYHU\GD\EDVLV$OWKRXJKKLVWRULDQVIRUPHGDNH\FRPSRQHQWRIWKHUHVHDUFKSURFHVVWKH SURJUDPPHPDNHUVXVXDOO\UHIUDLQHGIURPOHWWLQJKLVWRULDQVRUH[SHUWVWDNHFHQWUHVWDJH$VFR HGLWRULQFKLHI6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHUDUJXHV

,W VQRWDERXWIDFWVLW VDERXWKRZSHRSOHGHDOZLWKWKDWKLVWRU\DQGZKDWWKH\GRZLWK LW LQ WKH KHUH DQG QRZ >«@ 7KH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI IDFWV DOZD\V SURYLGHV IXHO IRU D GLVFXVVLRQDQGKLVWRU\LVDQHPRWLRQDOEXVLQHVV 

7KLVHQWDLOHGDIRFXVRQRUDOKLVWRU\DQGWKHFKDOOHQJHRIVHOHFWLQJWKH ULJKW SURWDJRQLVWVDQG VWRULHVWRWHOOGLIIHUHQWVLGHVRIDQHYHQW:LWKWKHH[FHSWLRQRIOHQJWKLHUVHDVRQILQDOHVHDFK HSLVRGHLVUHVWULFWHGWRDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLQXWHVDQGLQFOXGHVDPD[LPXPRIWKUHHWRIRXU

 9DQ%URHNKRYHQGH%URXZHUDQG'RUWPDQV ,1(8523$UHL]HQGRRUGHWZLQWLJVWHHHXZ LY 4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'LHPDDUDOWHPDNNHOLMNHFRQVHQVXVRYHUKHWYHUOHGHQ±RQ]HEHVWDDQGH JHDFFHSWHHUGHNLMNRSKHWYHUOHGHQ1HHPELMYRRUEHHOGGHRQVFKXOGLJH]ZDUWZLWYLVLHRSGHUROYDQ GH1HGHUODQGVHEHYRONLQJLQGHRRUORJGDDULQLVVOHFKWVSODDWVYRRUGHKHOGHQGHFROODERUDWHXU 7HUZLMOLQZHUNHOLMNKHLGKHWDPEWHQDUHQDSSDUDDW]LFKGDDUQLHW]RRQVFKXOGLJWXVVHQLQEHZRRJ%LM GH)UDQVHQJDDWGDWQRJYHUGHUGDDUOLMNWKHWFROODERUHUHQYDQGHUHJHULQJ3pWDLQWHUXJJHEUDFKWWRWHHQ ZHHIIRXWMHZDDUGHPHHVWH)UDQVHQQLHWVPHHWHPDNHQKDGGHQ'HILOPVFKLOGHUWGHYHOHJULMVWLQWHQ WXVVHQVFKXOGHQRQVFKXOGWXVVHQKHWYXXUDDQGHVFKHQHQHQGHPDNNHOLMNHRRUGHOHQDFKWHUDI  5RHOYDQ%URHNKRYHQ3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ$PVWHUGDP$SULO4XRWHLQ'XWFK :DDURP NOHLQHYHUKDOHQ"2PGDWMHGDQJHZRRQMHNXQWLGHQWLILFHUHQPHWGLHPHQVHQHQQLHWDOOHHQPHWMHRRU OXLVWHUWPDDURRNPHWMHJHYRHO'DWMHGHQNW-D«KHWLVWRFKZHOHUJ]R QKRQJHUZLQWHU]DOLNPDDU ]HJJHQ+HWLVWRFKHHQDQGHUYHUKDDOGDQZDQQHHUMHKHWDOOHHQPDDULQFLMIHUVYHUWHOW  6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHUKDVEHHQZRUNLQJDVDGLUHFWRUDQGSURGXFHUIRUWKH'XWFKEURDGFDVWHU9352 VLQFH,QVKHGLUHFWHGWKHGRFXPHQWDU\Forasteros - People from Another World7KH IROORZLQJ\HDUVVKHFRSURGXFHGDQGGLUHFWHG RQWKHURDG WHOHYLVLRQVHULHVWKDWIHDWXUHWUDYHOVWKURXJK WKHILOPPDNHU VH\HLQFOXGLQJ,1(8523(DQG7+(%($*/(6KHFRSURGXFHGDQGGLUHFWHGWRJHWKHU ZLWK'RNH5RPHLMQDQGMRXUQDOLVW%UDP9HUPHXOHQWKHVHULHV,1785.,-(>,1785.(<@/$1*6'( *5(1=(19$1785.,-(>$/21*7+(785.,6+%25'(56@DQG':$56'225$)5,.$>&5266,1* $)5,&$@ 6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHU3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ%XVVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK +HWJDDWQLHWRYHU IHLWHQKHWJDDWRYHUKRHPHQVHQRPJDDQPHWGLHJHVFKLHGHQLVHQZDW]HHUPHHGRHQLQKHWKHGHQ>«@ PDDUGHLQWHUSUHWDWLHYDQGLHIHLWHQGDWLVDOWLMGYRHUYRRUGLVFXVVLHHQJHVFKLHGHQLVLVHHQHPRWLRQHOH ]DDN 

  

RQVFUHHQVWRU\WHOOHUVSelectionLVDQHVVHQWLDODQGXQDYRLGDEOHSDUWRIWHOHYLVLRQSURGXFWLRQ DQG WHOHYLVLRQ KLVWRULRJUDSK\  7HOHYLVLRQLVDVHOHFWLRQLQZKLFK\RXDOZD\VGHSULYHSHRSOHDQGHYHQWV

+LVWRU\LVQRWDSROLVKHGVWRU\DOWKRXJKHYHU\KLVWRULRJUDSK\NHHSVXSWKHDSSHDUDQFH WKDWHYHU\WKLQJUXQVVPRRWKO\IURP$YLD%WR&6XFKDGLVFLSOLQHZKLFKZDVFUHDWHG DIWHUZDUGVKDVQHYHUH[LVWHGLQUHDOLW\ 

2IWHQWKHSURWDJRQLVWVGLIIHUHGIURPWKHLQGLYLGXDOVIHDWXUHGLQ0DN VERRNQRWLQWKHOHDVW EHFDXVHWKH\ZHUHVLQFHGHFHDVHG&RPSDUHGWRWKHERRNWKHVHULHV]RRPVLQHYHQIXUWKHURQ SHUVRQDOVWRULHVWKHUHVXOWRIDVWURQJHPRWLYHDSSURDFK,QWKLVPDQQHUWKHVHULHVRQWKHRQH KDQGXVHVKLVWRU\IURPEHORZWRSUHVHQWDQDOWHUQDWLYHYHUVLRQRIDJUDQGQDUUDWLYHDQGRQWKH RWKHUKDQGSUHVHQWVWKHJUDQGQDUUDWLYHRIKLVWRU\DVHQYLVLRQHGE\0DNandWKH,1(8523( FUHDWRUVWRDJHQHUDODXGLHQFH %HVLGHVLQWHUYLHZVZLWK WDONLQJKHDGV onscreen remembrance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n Europa: reizen door de twintigste eeuw $PVWHUGDP$WODV 4XRWHLQ 'XWFK 'HJHVFKLHGHQLVLVJHHQJODGYHUKDDODOZHNWLHGHUHJHVFKLHGVFKULMYLQJGHVFKLMQGDWDOOHV NHXULJYHUORRSWYDQ$YLD%QDDU&=R QRUGHGLHDFKWHUDIJHVFKDSHQLVKHHIWLQZHUNHOLMNKHLGQRRLW EHVWDDQ>«@$OOHPDDO]LMQZHLHGHURS]LMQWLMGKRRIGSHUVRQHQLQRQ]HHLJHQJHVFKLHGHQLVPHWDOOH YHUZDUULQJGLHGDDUELMKRRUW

    :KRZDV,EDFNWKHQDQGKRZZRXOG,UHVSRQGLI,ZRXOGKDSSHQWRUXQLQWRWKH*HHUW 0DNRI",WKLQNZHZRXOGKDYHDQDUJXPHQW 

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it seemed OLNH 0DN ZDV RQ D MRXUQH\ DORQJ ZLWK WHOHYLVLRQ PDNHUV WR HYRNH WKH DWPRVSKHUHRIDWUDYHOMRXUQH\WRWKHDXGLHQFH7KURXJKDFUDIW\FKRLFHRIHGLWLQJDQGYRLFH RYHUQDUUDWLRQ WH[WV PDQ\ SHRSOH DFWXDOO\ EHOLHYHG WKDW 0DN ZDV RQ ORFDWLRQ IRU HYHU\ HSLVRGH3ULQFLSDOO\LWLVWKHDLPRIWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVWRIHDWXUH0DNDVWKHvoice over DQGQRWDVDQH[SHUWJXLGHRULQWHUYLHZHURQVFUHHQ7KHQDUUDWLRQLVRIWHQGHULYHGIURP0DN V RZQERRNDERXWKLVWUDYHOVWKURXJK(XURSHDWWKHHQGRIWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\DQGUHVHPEOH WKHSHUVRQDODQGO\ULFDOVW\OHRIKLVZRUN 

 )LJ,1(8523$ SODFHVDQHPSKDVLVRQSHUVRQDOPHPRULHVDQGVLWHVRIPHPRU\VXFKDV(UQVW YRQ6DORPRQ VVRQEHLQJLQWHUYLHZHGLQKLVIDWKHU VVWXG\LQ%(5/,-1&RXUWHV\RI9352 '9'FDSWXUH    :LHZDVLNWRHQHQKRH]RXLNUHDJHUHQDOVLNGH*HHUW0DNYDQ QRJHHQV]RXWHJHQNRPHQ",N GHQNGDWZHUX]LH]RXGHQNULMJHQ>«@ &LWHGLQIn Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH  $PVWHUGDP3DULMV%HUOLMQ > $PVWHUGDP3DULV%HUOLQ @GLU'DYLG.OHLMZHJW9352)HEUXDU\  6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHU3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ%XVVXP0D\

  

)LQDOO\repurposing archival images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memorialises the history of television $UFKLYDOLPDJHVFDQQRWRQO\VKRZXVLQGLUHFWO\KRZVSHFLILFHYHQWVWRRNSODFHLQGLYHUVHZD\V LQGLIIHUHQWWLPHSHULRGVEXWDOVRVKRZXV DIWHUWKHDGYHQWRIWKHPHGLXPWHOHYLVLRQ KRZWKH\ ZHUHEURDGFDVWRQWHOHYLVLRQ%\UHEURDGFDVWLQJSUHYLRXVO\DLUHGWHOHYLVLRQIRRWDJH,1(8523$ RIIHUVYLHZHUVRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHUHYLHZLQJDQGUHPHPEHULQJRIWUDQVPLWWHGLPDJHVWKH\ PD\KDYHVHHQEHIRUHRUZKLFKWKH\PD\KDYHOLWWOHWRQRUHFROOHFWLRQRI$JDLQDVHQVDWLRQRI ZKDWLWfelt OLNHDWWKHWLPHWKHVHHYHQWVWRRNSODFHLVHYRNHGIRUGLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIWHOHYLVLRQ XVHUV+RZHYHULQFRQWUDVWWRIRULQVWDQFHUHWURWHOHYLVLRQ,1(8523$JHQHUDOO\UHIUDLQVIURP VXEPHUJLQJWKHYLHZHULQWRQRVWDOJLFIHHOLQJVRIWKHSDVW$QH[DPSOHLVIRUPHGE\WKH 52(0(1,É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

     7KH0HOFKLQJ0DNGHEDWH %\ RIIHULQJ WKH SRVVLELOLW\ RI PXOWLSOH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQV DQG E\ SODFLQJ DQ HPSKDVLV RQ ZKDW KLVWRULFDOHYHQWVIHOWOLNHDWWKHWLPHWKH,1(8523$SURJUDPPHPDNHUVKDYHPDGHWKHPVHOYHV YXOQHUDEOHWRcriticismIURPKLVWRULDQV)RUH[DPSOHWKH'XWFKKLVWRULDQ:LOOHP0HOFKLQJKDV FULWLFLVHG WKH ,1 (8523$ WHOHYLVLRQ GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV VSHFLILFDOO\ IRU QRW PDNLQJ D YDOLG HQRXJKFRQQHFWLRQZLWKFRQWHPSRUDU\GHEDWHVLQWKHILHOGRIKLVWRU\DQGIRULQFOXGLQJYLWDO KLVWRULFDOPLVWDNHV0DNKDVLQWXUQGHIHQGHGWKHPLVWDNHVPHQWLRQHGDQGKDVVWUHVVHGWKDW WHOHYLVLRQKDVDG\QDPLFVRILWVRZQ ,QFRPSDULVRQWRWKHERRNIn EuropaWKHPHGLXPRIWHOHYLVLRQGRHVQRWDOORZIRUD VLPLODUW\SHRIEDFNJURXQGDQGLQGHSWKKLVWRULFDOLQIRUPDWLRQ7KLVKDVLQWKHILUVWSODFHWRGR ZLWKEURDGFDVWLQJWLPHHDFKHSLVRGHLVUHVWULFWHGWRDSSUR[LPDWHO\WKLUW\ILYHPLQXWHVDQG WKHUHLVRQO\VRPXFKLQIRUPDWLRQWKDW\RXFDQSUHVHQWWRWKHPRGHUQWHOHYLVLRQYLHZHUZLWKLQ DOLPLWHGDPRXQWRIVFUHHQWLPH)RUH[DPSOHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVLQFOXGHGDPD[LPXPRIWKUHH WRIRXURQVFUHHQVWRU\WHOOHUVSHUHSLVRGH)XUWKHUPRUHWKHSURJUDPPHPDNHUVVWULYHWRUHDFK DEURDGWDUJHWDXGLHQFH'H%URXZHUGHVFULEHVWKHWDUJHWDXGLHQFHRI,1(8523$DV DVEURDGDV SRVVLEOH ZLWKWKHDGGHGH[LVWHQFHRIWKH9352WDUJHWDXGLHQFHDVZHOODVWKHODUJHDXGLHQFHV IRU*HHUW0DN VERRN 7KH9352KDVDIDLUO\IL[HGYLHZLQJDXGLHQFHDQGRIFRXUVHZHNQHZ ZHOO«In Europa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e Volkskrant'HFHPEHU  :LWKWKHH[FHSWLRQRIWKHILQDOHSLVRGH%261,$$1'7+(7587+ZKLFKUXQVIRUPLQXWHV 6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHU3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ%XVVXP0D\4XRWHLQ'XWFK ]REUHHG PRJHOLMN  'H9352KHHIWHHQEHKRRUOLMNYDVWNLMNHUVSXEOLHNHQZHZLVWHQQDWXXUOLMNGRRUGHMD«In EuropaLVHHQEHVWVHOOHUJHZHHVWZHZLVWHQRRNGDWHUYHHOEHODQJVWHOOLQJZDV'XVLQIHLWHNXQMH ]HJJHQGDWRQ]HGRHOJURHSKHW]HOIGHLVDOVGHGRHOJURHSYDQKHWERHN  ,ELG ,ELG

  

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experience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spaces of participationWKDWDUHUHVKDSHGDQGFRSURGXFHGE\XVHUV%\SURYLGLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUSDUWLFLSDWLRQRQIRULQVWDQFHDWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPH VZHEVLWHWKHSURJUDPPH RU ZHEVLWH LQWHUIDFH SURYLGHV WKH IUDPHZRUN IRU XVHUV  SHUIRUPDQFH ZLWKLQ VXFK D VSDFH 3DUWLFLSDWLRQKDVEHHQSUREOHPDWLVHGDVDFRQWHVWHGIOH[LEOHDQGFRQFHSWXDOO\EURDGQRWLRQ &DUSHQWLHU KDV WKHUHIRUH PDGH D GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ DFFHVV LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG SDUWLFLSDWLRQ ±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ournal of European Television History and CultureQR  ± 0OOHU )RUPDWWHG6SDFHVRI3DUWLFLSDWLRQ ± 6HHHJ+HQU\-HQNLQV 5HWKLQNLQJ 5HWKLQNLQJ&RQYHUJHQFH&XOWXUH Cultural StudiesQR  ±GRL1LFR&DUSHQWLHUDQG3HWHU'DKOJUHQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ,QWHUURJDWLQJ$XGLHQFHV7KHRUHWLFDO+RUL]RQVRI3DUWLFLSDWLRQ Communication Management QuarterlyQR  ±9DQ'LMFN 8VHUV/LNH

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resonance7KH FUHDWRUVKDYHDOVRVWULYHGIRUWUDQVPHGLDOLW\E\GLUHFWLQJXVHUVWRRWKHUIDFHWVRIDVWRU\RQ UHODWHGSODWIRUPV,1(8523$LQFOXGHVVHYHUDOPHGLDSODWIRUPVZKLFKH[SDQGDQGHQKDQFHWKH VWUDWHJ\RIWKHGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV>)LJ@7KHSURMHFWFUHDWHGcontinuityRIVWRULHVDQGRI DXGLHQFHHQJDJHPHQWE\DGGLQJGLIIHUHQWOD\HUVRIFRQWHQWWRKLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHVZKLFKFDQ RWKHUZLVHRQO\EHWROGLQDOLQHDUIDVKLRQ,QWKLVPDQQHUWKHDPSOHDXGLHQFHLVDGGUHVVHGPRUH GLUHFWO\ 7KHEXLOGXSRIWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\DUFZRXOGVWDUWRQ6DWXUGD\LQNHHSLQJZLWK WKH ILUVWHLJKWHHQHSLVRGHV FRUUHVSRQGHQWV IRUQDWLRQDO QHZVSDSHU NRC HandelsbladZURWH QHZVSDSHUDUWLFOHVDERXWWUDFHVRIWKHSDVWLQ(XURSH2Q6XQGD\PRUQLQJ9352 VKLVWRULFDO UDGLRSURJUDPPH 297>6,03/(3$677(16(@IHDWXUHGDIRUPDWWLWOHGWKHIn Europa Salon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cross-media managementDQGVSHFLILFDOO\timedFRPPRGLWLHVDQGSUDFWLFHVZKLFK SURYLGHDGHHSHUHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHWHOHYLVLRQVHULHV7KHFUHDWRUVZHUHYHU\DZDUHRIWKH PRPHQWRQZKLFKWKHXVHUV DWWHQWLRQZRXOGSHDNIRUHDFKRIWKHVHPHGLDDQGVWULYHGWRDOLJQ WKHVHPRPHQWVLQWKHJHQHUDOQDUUDWLYHWRIL[WKHYLHZHUV DWWHQWLRQDQGGLUHFWWKHPWRRWKHU SODWIRUPV ,QWKLVVHQVHLWFDQEHDUJXHGWKDWWKHFUHDWRUVKDYHVWULYHGIRUWUDQVPHGLDVWRU\WHOOLQJ WRRIIHUXVHUVDPRUHLQWHJUDWHGPXOWLSODWIRUPQDUUDWLYH7KHFUHDWRUVKDYHLQWHJUDWHGPXOWLSOH

 +HQU\-HQNLQVDQG1LFR&DUSHQWLHU 7KHRUL]LQJ3DUWLFLSDWRU\,QWHQVLWLHV$&RQYHUVDWLRQ$ERXW 3DUWLFLSDWLRQDQG3ROLWLFV Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media TechnologiesQR  GRL *HHUW-DQ6WUHQJKROWKDVEHHQD6HQLRU3URMHFW0DQDJHUDW9352'LJLWDOVLQFH+HZRUNHG RQPDMRUFURVVPHGLDSURMHFWVUDQJLQJIURPDZDUGZLQQLQJSURMHFWVOLNH,1(8523$DQG:225'1/ >:25'1/@WRDUHFHQWLQWHUDFWLYHGRFXPHQWDU\RQWKHIDOORI6UHEUHQLFD+LVZRUNIRFXVVHVRQ H[SORULQJQHZZD\VRIVWRU\WHOOLQJDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQZLWKGHGLFDWHGDXGLHQFHVLQDUHDVOLNH9LVXDO 5DGLRDQGPRUHUHFHQWO\95ILOPPDNLQJ *HHUW-DQ6WUHQJKROW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0DUFK

  

WH[WVWRFUHDWH DQDUUDWLYHVRODUJHLWFDQQRWEHFRQWDLQHGZLWKLQDVLQJOHPHGLXP 7KH\KDYH DOVRXWLOLVHGWKHXQLTXHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIHDFKPHGLXPWRWHOOGLIIHUHQWSDUWVRIWKHRYHUDOOVWRU\ )LQDOO\WKHFUHDWRUVKDYHXVHGWKHWHPSRUDOZLQGRZVRIDPRQJVWRWKHUVWKHWHOHYLVLRQVFKHGXOH WRFUHDWHDFHUWDLQUHVRQDQFH±ZKLFK(OL]DEHWK(YHQVWHUPV FRUUHODWLRQ ±EHWZHHQZKHQ LQGLYLGXDO FRPSRQHQWV DUH PDGH DYDLODEOH WR XVHUV +RZHYHU LQ LWV LGHDO IRUP WUDQVPHGLD VWRU\WHOOLQJLVFKDUDFWHULVHGE\DQHYHQVWURQJHUVHQVHRILQWHJUDWLRQDQGQDUUDWLYHFRKHUHQFH DPRQJVWWKHLQGLYLGXDOFRPSRQHQWVDQGDPRUHXQLILHG DXWKRU ±ZKLFKGRHVQRWQHFHVVDULO\ PHDQRQHVKRZUXQQHUEXWFDQDOVREHSURYLGHGE\DXQLILHGSURGXFWLRQWHDP 

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engaging usersZLWKKLVWRU\DQGPHPRU\ZKHQD PXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\SURGXFWLRQLVpacedWRFUHDWHUHVRQDQFH7HOHYLVXDOSUDFWLFHVRIPXOWL SODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJVWHHUWKHOHYHODQGH[WHQWRIVXFKXVHULQYROYHPHQW

 +HQU\-HQNLQVConvergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide 1HZ

    2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG )LJXUH  DQG  DOVR SRLQW WR KRZ WKH SRVVLELOLWLHV IRU PXOWL SODWIRUPH[SHULHQFHVFRQQHFWHGWRWHOHYLVLRQFDQVWLOOEHIXUWKHUH[SORLWHGDQGXVHG7KHGHJUHH WR ZKLFK SRVVLELOLWLHV DUH UHDOLVHG GHSHQGV RQ D SURGXFWLRQ V workflow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eschiedenis>132+LVWRU\SUHYLRXVO\History24@DVSDUWRIWKH'XWFKSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUV  UHGXFWLRQ RI FKDQQHOV )LJXUH  VXJJHVWV GLIILFXOWLHV IRU DXGLHQFHV LQ ILQGLQJ ,1 (8523$ FRQWHQWDWWKHVLWH VQHZORFDWLRQ&RQWLQXLW\RQWKHGLIIHUHQWSURGXFWLRQOHYHOVLVWKHUHIRUHD UHTXLUHPHQWIRUPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJWRPDLQWDLQUHVRQDQFHRYHUDORQJHUWLPH 

 )LJ ,1(8523$ XQLTXHZHEVLWH YLVLWRUVSHUPRQWK6RXUFH175 2FWREHU)HEUXDU\  9352$QDO\VH 5HVHDUFK )HEUXDU\-XQH   $TXDQWLWDWLYHVWXG\RIJHQHUDOYLVLWRUVWDWLVWLFVFDQRQO\SURYLGHVRPHPHDVXUHRIWKH GHJUHHRIXVHULQWHUDFWLRQ)RUH[DPSOHLQWKHSHULRGWKDWWKHVHFRQGVHDVRQRI,1(8523$ZDV EURDGFDVWWKHZHEVLWHVDZXQLTXHYLVLWRUV>)LJ@/LWWOHRYHUKDOIRIWKHVHYLVLWRUV YLHZHGDWOHDVWRQHRIWKHHSLVRGHVVXESDJHV RU ZKLOHDOLWWOHOHVVWKDQKDOI YLVLWHG WKH ZHEORJ  RU   7KHVH SDJHV SURYLGH DOO XVHUV ZLWK WKH RSWLRQ WR FRPPHQW7KHIn Europa Atlas GLVFXVVHGEHORZ UHFHLYHGIDUOHVVYLHZV RU   *HHUW-DQ6WUHQJKROW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0DUFK

  

5HJLVWHULQJWKHQXPEHURIZHEVLWHYLVLWRUVLVFRPPRQSUDFWLFHEXWLWGRHVQRWVD\PXFKDERXW WKH DFWXDO EHKDYLRXU RI XVHUV RQ ZHEVLWHV 1R GHWDLOHG VWDWLVWLFV UHJDUGLQJ EHKDYLRXU DQG LQWHUDFWLRQRIXQLTXHXVHUVRQWKHZHEVLWHZHUHFROOHFWHGE\WKH'XWFKEURDGFDVWHU SULYDF\ FRQVWUDLQWVDOVRQHHGWREHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWKHUH 7KLVLVDQRWDEOHREVHUYDWLRQJLYHQWKHIDFW WKDW UHVRQDQFH DV D SURGXFWLRQ VWUDWHJ\ ZRXOG EHQHILW IURP GHWDLOHG NQRZOHGJH RI XVHU EHKDYLRXU 

 )LJ0RQWKO\UDWLRRIZHEVLWHYLVLWVWR,1(8523$ UDWLQJVGXULQJWKHEURDGFDVWRI6HDVRQDQG 6HDVRQRQ'XWFKSXEOLFWHOHYLVLRQ6RXUFH175   &RQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQVKDULQJDQGVKDSLQJSHUVRQDOQDUUDWLYHV 7KHSURJUDPPH VZHEVLWHIXQFWLRQVDVWKHPDLQKXEIRUKLVWRULFDODQGFRQWH[WXDOLQIRUPDWLRQ Contextualisation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structured WKH W\SH RI LQIRUPDWLRQ VHQW LQ E\ XVHUV &RQYHUVHO\VRPHWLPHVDXVHU VTXHVWLRQRUFRPPHQWIXQFWLRQHGDVDVSULQJERDUGIRUDSRVWLQ

 :HEVLWHYLVLWVRIXQLTXHYLVLWRUVLQWKHUHVSHFWLYHPRQWKV$YHUDJHUDWLQJVDUHEDVHGRQUDWLQJVRI ILUVWHSLVRGHEURDGFDVWVLQWKHUHVSHFWLYHPRQWKV 6RQMDGH/HHXZ (XURSHDQ7HOHYLVLRQ+LVWRU\2QOLQH+LVWRU\DQG&KDOOHQJHV VIEW Journal of European Television History and CultureQR  ±

    ZKLFKDSURJUDPPHPDNHUUHIOHFWHGRQLVVXHVGHDOWZLWKLQDSDUWLFXODUHSLVRGH)LQDOO\YLD VSHFLILFUHTXHVWVRQWKHZHEVLWHFUHDWRUVKDYHGUDZQXSRQWKHDXGLHQFH VNQRZOHGJHWRFUHDWH OLVWV RIKLVWRULFDOVXEMHFWVWKDWVKRXOGEHSDUWRIWKH,1(8523$VHULHVZKLFKFRXOGDOVREHXVHG LQWKHSUHVHOHFWLRQSURFHVV 

 )LJ,1(8523$ ZHEVLWHVWUDWHJLHVDQGSRVVLELOLWLHVWRZDUGVDSDUWLFLSDWRU\PHPRU\  7KH ,1 (8523$ ZHEVLWH WHDP WKHUHIRUH IXQFWLRQV DV D filter RI XVHU LQSXW HGLWRULDO VXSHUYLVLRQDVFODULILHGLQ)LJXUHDQG 7KLVLVSDUWLFXODUO\WKHFDVHIRUWKHIn Europa Atlas7KHAtlas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ayar ,WFDQDOVREHDUJXHGWKDWWKHGDWDZDVQRWGHQVHHQRXJKWRSURYLGH FRPSOHWHZDONLQJURXWHVWKURXJKFLWLHVLQ(XURSH

 %HWZHHQ±WKH,1(8523$ SURMHFWUDQDFHQWUDOZHEVLWHDWKWWSLQHXURSDQOLQHDUO\ WKHZHEVLWH VFRQWHQWKDVEHHQ SDUWLDOO\ LPSRUWHGLQWKH'XWFKSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUV KLVWRU\ SRUWDOGeschiedenis24 >History24@DQGWKH,1(8523$ZHEVLWH VOLQNKDVVXEVHTXHQWO\EHHQDOWHUHGDQG OLQNHGWRKWWSZZZJHVFKLHGHQLVQOLQHXURSDKWPO

  

 )LJ(QWU\LQWKHIn Europa AtlasIURPDXVHUZLWKWKH\HDUDQGORFDWLRQLQ*HUPDQ\ 6RXUFH9352:HEVLWHFDSWXUH  7KHDPELWLRQWRRSHQXSWKLVVSDFHHYHQPRUHWRWHOHYLVLRQXVHUV±IRUXVHUVWRDGGWKHLU RZQQDUUDWLYHVDXWRQRPRXVO\±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

 *HHUW-DQ6WUHQJKROW3HUVRQDOLQWHUYLHZ+LOYHUVXP0DUFK

    , GLVWLQJXLVK WKUHH IRUPV RI XVHU HQJDJHPHQW 7KH PDMRULW\ RI WKH DQDO\VHG XVHU FRPPHQWVZHUHSRVWHGRQOLQHRQWKH,1(8523$ ZHEVLWHEHWZHHQDQG,QWKHILUVW SODFHUHVSRQVHVFRPSULVHSHUVRQDOPHPRULHVRIDKLVWRULFDOHYHQWDVHQFRXQWHUHGIURPRQH V RZQH[SHULHQFHLQFOXGLQJPHGLDWHGH[SHULHQFHV)RUH[DPSOH

,FDQVWLOOYLYLGO\UHPHPEHUWKHLPDJHVRIWKH&HDX܈HVFXVIURPWKHQHZV>UHJDUGLQJWKH 5RPDQLDQ5HYROXWLRQLQ52(0(1,É@  7KLVSURJUDPPH>52(0(1,É@HYRNHVROGPHPRULHVDQGHPRWLRQV WKHEHVWGD\RI P\OLIH RIWKHUHYROXWLRQH[SHULHQFHGOLYHRQWKHVWUHHW 

7KLVILUVWIRUPRIXVHUHQJDJHPHQWZKLFK,GHVLJQDWHDVpersonalisationH[HPSOLILHVKRZXVHUV IXUWKHUFRQWH[WXDOLVHKLVWRULFDOFRQWHQWE\VKDULQJWKHLURZQPHPRULHV)RULQVWDQFHDYLHZHU RI WKH HSLVRGH ''5 >*'5 *(50$1 '(02&5$7,& 5(38%/,& @ 9352  -DQXDU\  VKDUHVKLVSHUVRQDOUHFROOHFWLRQVRIWKH*HUPDQ'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLFLQWKHV

,QWKHPLGV,YLVLWHGWKH*'5DIHZWLPHV(PSW\PRWRUZD\VQRFRPPHUFLDOV DQGDORRISHRSOHZKRGLGQRWUHVHPEOHWKHLU%UGHU>QHLJKERXUV@LQWKH:HVW,WZDV VWULNLQJWKDWWKH*'5OHIWWKHQDWLRQDOOHJDF\RIUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRU::,,FRPSOHWHO\WR WKH)5*>)HGHUDO5HSXEOLFRI*HUPDQ\@$QRWKHUH[DPSOHDVVHHQPRUHRIWHQLQWKLV VHULHVRIFROOHFWLYHGHQLDORIWKHQDWLRQDOSDVW 

6XFKFRPPHQWVSURYLGHH\HZLWQHVVSHUVSHFWLYHVRIKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVDQGDOVRDFFHQWXDWHWKH SHUVRQDO UHH[SHULHQFLQJ RIPHGLDWHGKLVWRU\ ,Q WKH VHFRQG SODFH, XVHU QDUUDWLYHV DXWKHQWLFDWH SHUVRQDO DQG PHGLDWHG PHPRULHV WKURXJK HQJDJHPHQW ZLWK D lieux de mémoire ,QGLYLGXDO PHPRULHV DUH VKDUHG DERXW WKH SHUVRQDO H[SHULHQFH RI YLVLWLQJ D VLWH RI PHPRU\ OLNH WKLV H[DPSOH DERXW D YLVLW WR WKH EDWWOHILHOGVDQGWKHODVWSRVWLQ<35(6%(/*,80@ 9352'HFHPEHU 

7KHDWURFLWLHVRIWKH)LUVW:RUOG:DUDQGWKHWRWDOO\SRLQWOHVVWUHQFKZDUIDUHFKLOOV\RX WRWKHERQHDQGKDVWRXFKHGXVGHHSO\ 

6XFKFRPPHQWVUHLWHUDWHWKHFHQWUDOH[SHULHQFHRIZKDWKLVWRU\felt OLNH2YHUDOOXVHUVVHHP WR JURXQG WKHLU FRPPHQWDU\ LQ WKHLU SHUVRQDO SRVLWLRQ DV H[SHULHQFH H[SHUWV  PRUH WKDQ D SRVLWLRQRIKLVWRULFDONQRZOHGJH DOWKRXJKWKHODWWHUFHUWDLQO\RFFXUV )RULQVWDQFHWKLVYLHZHU RI'(6200(>7+(6200(@ 9352'HFHPEHU 

 7KHRYHUDQDO\VHGXVHUFRPPHQWVZHUHSRVWHGRQWKH,1(8523$ ZHEVLWHEHWZHHQODWH DQGHDUO\7KLVLQFOXGHVVRPHGXSOLFDWHRUUHVWRUHGSRVWLQJVGXHWRWHFKQLFDOLVVXHVRIWKH ZHEVLWH ,Q(XURSD+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG1RYHPEHUKWWSZZZLQHXURSDQO ,Q(XURSD± 132*HVFKLHGHQLV+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG-XQHKWWSZZZQSRJHVFKLHGHQLVQOLQ HXURSDKWPO 

  

,KDYHUHJXODUO\YLVLWHGWKH6RPPHZLWKLWVSDVWDQG,LQFUHDVLQJO\SHUFHLYHWKHPLVHU\ WKHIXWLOLW\RIWKLVZDU>WKH)LUVW:RUOG:DU@,QFLGHQWDOO\WKHUHJLRQOHWV\RXUHFDOO  PXFKLQDILWWLQJZD\ 

5HVSRQVHVRIWKLVNLQGDXWKHQWLFDWH,1(8523$ VPHGLDWLRQRIWKHSDVWLQUHODWLRQWRlieux de mémoire 7KLV VHFRQG IRUP RI XVHU HQJDJHPHQW authentication UHYHDOV KRZ XVHUV YHULI\ LQGLYLGXDO PHGLDWHG PHPRULHVWKURXJKWKHLURZQHQJDJHPHQWZLWKDVLWHRIPHPRU\DQGE\ VKDULQJWKHVHPHPRULHVRQOLQH ,QWKHWKLUGSODFHUHVSRQVHVRIERWKSUDLVHDQGFULWLFLVPRIWKHVHULHVDQGWKHSURMHFW V FURVVPHGLD DSSURDFK VKRZ D FULWLFDO DWWLWXGH WRZDUGV PHGLDWHG UHSUHVHQWDWLRQV RI KLVWRU\ 3UDLVHLQFOXGHVSRVLWLYHUHVSRQVHVRQWKHSURMHFW VUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHSDVWVXFKDV

([WUHPHO\SOHDVHGWKDWVXFKLPSRUWDQWNQRZOHGJHLVPDGHDFFHVVLEOHLQDIDVFLQDWLQJ PDQQHU  *HHUW0DNYRLFHVWKHDWPRVSKHUHIHHOLQJVDQGLVVXHV>RIWKH(QJOLVKPLQHUV VWULNHLQ LQ(QJODQG>(QJODQG@@ 9352)HEUXDU\ YHU\ZHOO,WZDVDPDMRU VRFLDOXSKHDYDODQG,1(8523$ UHPLQLVFHVWKLVSHUIHFWO\ 

&ULWLFLVPUHIOHFWVH[SHFWDWLRQVRI0DN VZRUNDQGKRZKLVWRU\ VKRXOG EHUHSUHVHQWHGDVZHOO DVFRPPHQWLQJRQKLVWRULFDOFRQWHQW ODFNLQJ IURPWKHSURJUDPPH

,KDGQRWH[SHFWHGIURP*HHUW0DNWKDWWKLVSURJUDPPH>52(0(1,É@ZRXOGSODFH VXFKDQHPSKDVLVRQWKHZRUNRIWKHILULQJVTXDG  'LVDSSRLQWHG >«@ WKH JHQHUDO YLVLRQ RQ WKH WZHQWLHWK FHQWXU\ LV SUHVHQWHG DV D PRUDOLVWLF VHUPRQ >LQ +(7 %(*,1 >'$:1 2) 7+( &(1785<@ 9352  1RYHPEHU @ 

7KH FDWHJRU\ RI FULWLFLVP VKRZV WKH PRVW LQWHUDFWLRQ IURP YLHZHUV ZLWK SUHYLRXVO\ SRVWHG FRPPHQWV)RUH[DPSOH

>)@URPFRPPHQWVRQWKHZHEVLWHDQGFKHFNLQJFHUWDLQHSLVRGHVOLNHWKLVRQH> -2(*26/$9,É ><8*26/$9,$@ 9352  'HFHPEHU  @ LW FDQ DOVR EH FRQFOXGHG WKDW GHVSLWH WKH XVHIXO KLVWRULFDO SHUVSHFWLYH SURYLGHG E\ ,1 (8523$ LQ FHUWDLQ UHVSHFWV D EURDGHU SHUVSHFWLYH LV \HW PRUH GHVLUDEOH LQ WKLV FDVH WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH %DONDQSDUWRI(XURSHLVIRFXVHGXSRQLQDVRPHZKDWRQHVLGHG PDQQHUZKHUHDVLWZRXOGEHLQIDYRXURIWKHREMHFWLYLW\WREULQJWKHSROLWLFDOVWUDWHJLF LQIOXHQFHRIWKH:HVWRQWKH%DONDQVWRWKHDWWHQWLRQ 

7KLV WKLUG IRUP RI XVHU HQJDJHPHQW evaluation QRW RQO\ UHIOHFWV RQ WKH GRFXPHQWDU\ V UHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIKLVWRU\EXWDOVRVXSSOHPHQWVWKHIHDWXUHGKLVWRULFDOWRSLFVE\GLVFXVVLQJZKDW NLQGRIKLVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHVRUKLVWRULDQVVKRXOGKDYHEHHQIHDWXUHG&RPPHQWVDOVRLOOXPLQDWH VRPHYLHZHUV SUHIHUHQFHIRUPRUHRIILFLDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVRIKLVWRU\FRPSDUHGWRWKHFRQWHQW RIWKHGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV 5HVHDUFKE\/RWWH%HOLFH%DOWXVVHQHWDOKDVUHYHDOHGWKDWZHEVLWHVRISXEOLFEURDGFDVW WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVDUHHVSHFLDOO\GLIILFXOWWRDUFKLYHGXHWRWKHLUG\QDPLFDQGDXGLRYLVXDO

    FRQWHQW 7KH VWXG\ DOVR SRLQWV RXW WKDW IXQGV IRU ZHE DUFKLYLQJDUHRIWHQODFNLQJDQGWKDW DOWKRXJKWKHUHLVDODUJHYDULHW\RIZHEDUFKLYLQJSURMHFWVRQDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOVFDOHIHZRIWKHVH SURMHFWVIRFXVRQZHEVLWHVRIEURDGFDVWHUV+HUHLWLVLPSRUWDQWWRUHLWHUDWHWKDWaccessLVD NH\ SUHFRQGLWLRQ IRU DQ\ SRVVLEOH XVHU LQYROYHPHQW ,Q WKHLU  FRDOLWLRQ DJUHHPHQW WKH 'XWFKJRYHUQPHQWGHFLGHGWKDWSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUVQHHGHGWRUHGXFHWKHQXPEHURIFKDQQHOV LQFOXGLQJ ZHEVLWHV DQGGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOV :HEVLWHV ZHUH UHTXLUHG WR EHOLQNHG WRD SURJUDPPHEHLQJEURDGFDVWRQRQHRIWKHPDLQFKDQQHOV7KHAtlasKDVQRWEHHQXSGDWHGVLQFH DQGWKHUHIRUHUHPDLQHGDGRFXPHQWRIOLPLWHGSDUWLFLSDWRU\PHPRU\GXULQJDQG  DFFHVVLEOH RQOLQH EHWZHHQ  DQG  ,Q HDUO\  WKH ZHEVLWH V FRQWHQW KDV SDUWLDOO\ EHHQLPSRUWHGLQWKH'XWFKSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUV KLVWRU\SRUWDONPO Geschiedenis >NPO History@ SUHYLRXVO\ QDPHG Geschiedenis24. ,QWKHSURFHVVWKHAtlas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lieux de mémoire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

 )RUDIXUWKHUUHIOHFWLRQRQWKHFKDOOHQJHVRIZHEDUFKLYLQJVSHFLILFDOO\UHJDUGLQJDUFKLYLQJ ZHEVLWHVRI'XWFKSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUVVHH/RWWH%HOLFH%DOWXVVHQHWDO +DUG&RQWHQW)DE)URQW (QG$UFKLYLQJ:HEVLWHVRI'XWFK3XEOLF%URDGFDVWHUV Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information IssuesQR  ±GRL$/; /LHGHNH3ODWHDQG$QQHNH6PHOLNHGVTechnologies of Memory in the Arts %DVLQJVWRNH 3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 0DULWD6WXUNHQTangled Memories: The Vietnam War, the AIDS Epidemic, and the Politics of Remembering %HUNHOH\8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLD3UHVV 

  

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

7HOHYLVLRQWRGD\PDNHVWKHKLVWRULFDOSURFHVVYLVLEOH7KURXJKLWZHVHHWKHPDQLIHVW WUXWKRIWKHFODLPWKDWKXPDQEHLQJVGRLQGHHGPDNHKLVWRU\WKHLURZQKLVWRULHVWKH KLVWRU\RIWKHFRXQWU\LQZKLFKWKH\OLYHWKHKLVWRU\RIWKHZRUOG%XWZKDWLVPXFK KDUGHUWRVHHLVKRZWRDFFRXQWIRUDQGXQGHUVWDQGWKHVHLQWHUORFNLQJKLVWRULFDOSURFHVVHV WKDWDUHDOOHPEHGGHGLQHDFKRWKHU 

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felt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ultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary HandbookHG$VWULG(UOO$QVJDU1QQLQJDQG6DUD%

   

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

  

  'RLQJ+LVWRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQDVD3UDFWLFH RI&XOWXUDO0HPRU\

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± VSHFLILFDOO\ OLYHQHVV DV SUHVHQFH DQG LPPHGLDF\IL[LW\DQGIORZ±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

 0DXULFH+DOEZDFKVThe Collective Memory 1HZ

    SRSXODU PHPRU\ DQG VRFLDO PHPRU\WRlieux de mémoire 7KLV FKDSWHU ]RRPV LQ RQ WKH UHODWLYHO\UHFHQWQRWLRQRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\ZKLFKGLVWLQJXLVKHVLWVHOIIURPWKHDIRUHPHQWLRQHG FRQFHSWVDVDconstructive processZLWKDVSHFLILFIRFXVRQWKHLQWHUSOD\RISUHVHQWDQGSDVWLQ VRFLRFXOWXUDO FRQWH[WV+HQFHWKHHPSKDVLVLQWKLVWKHVLVLVRQcreating RU constructing memoryWKURXJKSUDFWLFHVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\7KHDQDO\VLVRIWKHVHOHFWHGFDVHVWXGLHVDIILUPV WKDWFXOWXUDOPHPRU\LVQRWRSSRVLWLRQDOWRWKHGLVFRXUVHRIRIILFLDOKLVWRU\EXW HQWDQJOHG ZLWK KLVWRU\+HUH,IROORZWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRI0DULWD6WXUNHQZKRDUJXHVWKDWFXOWXUDOPHPRU\LV PHPRU\WKDWLVVKDUHGRXWVLGHWKHDYHQXHVRIIRUPDOKLVWRULFDOGLVFRXUVH\HWLVHQWDQJOHGZLWK FXOWXUDOSURGXFWVDQGLPEXHGZLWKFXOWXUDOPHDQLQJ ,QWKLVFRQWH[W/LHGHNH3ODWHDQG$QQHNH 6PHOLNKDYHDOVRGHILQHGFXOWXUDOPHPRU\DVWKHFXOWXUDOGLPHQVLRQRIPHPRU\WDNHQDVERWK WKHwhatDQGWKHhow WKDWDFXOWXUHUHPHPEHUV%RWKWKHVHVFKRODUVXQGHUVWDQGUHPHPEHULQJ DVD WULFN\EXVLQHVV 

%\UHPHPEHULQJZHIRUPDQLGHDRIRXUVHOIDQGVKDSHDVHQVHRIRXULGHQWLW\WKXVZH HQGXSHPERG\LQJWKHPHPRU\WKDWLQKDELWVXV

&XOWXUDO PHPRU\ FDQ WKXV EH VHHQ DV WKH FRPSOH[ ZD\V LQ ZKLFK DFXOWXUHUHPHPEHUV 6XEVHTXHQWO\ DV 0LHNH %DO KDV VWDWHG WKH QRWLRQ RI FXOWXUDO PHPRU\ KDV GLVSODFHG DQG VXEPHUJHG WKH GLVFRXUVHV RI LQGLYLGXDO SV\FKRORJLFDO  PHPRU\ DQG VRFLDO PHPRU\ 7KLV VSHFLILFWHUPQRZVLJQLILHVWKDWPHPRU\FDQEHXQGHUVWRRGDVDFXOWXUDOSKHQRPHQRQDVZHOO DVDQLQGLYLGXDORUVRFLDOH[SHULHQFH

7KHPHPRULDOSUHVHQFHRIWKHSDVWWDNHVPDQ\IRUPVDQGVHUYHVPDQ\SXUSRVHVUDQJLQJ IURPFRQVFLRXVUHFDOOWRXQUHIOHFWHGUHHPHUJHQFHIURPQRVWDOJLFORQJLQJIRUZKDWLV ORVWWRSROHPLFDOXVHRIWKHSDVWWRUHVKDSHWKHSUHVHQW7KHLQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQSUHVHQW DQGSDVWWKDWLVWKHVWXIIRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\LVKRZHYHUWKHSURGXFWRIFROOHFWLYHDJHQF\ UDWKHUWKDQWKHUHVXOWRISV\FKLFRUKLVWRULFDODFFLGHQW>«@>&@XOWXUDOUHFDOOLVQRWPHUHO\ VRPHWKLQJRIZKLFK\RXKDSSHQWREHDEHDUHUEXWVRPHWKLQJ\RXFDQDFWXDOO\perform HYHQLILQPDQ\LQVWDQFHVVXFKDFWVDUHQRWFRQVFLRXVO\DQGZLOIXOO\FRQWULYHG 

 5DSKDHO6DPXHOTheatres of Memory: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture /RQGRQ9HUVR   -DPHV)HQWUHVVDQG&KULV:LFNKDPSocial Memory 2[IRUG%ODFNZHOO  3LHUUH1RUD %HWZHHQ0HPRU\DQG+LVWRU\/HV/LHX[GH0pPRLUH Representations   $VWULG(UOO &XOWXUDO0HPRU\6WXGLHV$Q,QWURGXFWLRQ LQCultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary HandbookHG$VWULG(UOO$QVJDU1QQLQJDQG6DUD%

  

0RUH VSHFLILFDOO\ FXOWXUDO PHPRU\ FDOOV DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH DFWLYH FRQWLQXRXV DQG XQVWDEOH SURFHVVRIUHPHPEHULQJ±DQGWKHUHIRUHIRUJHWWLQJ±LQVRFLRFXOWXUDOFRQWH[WV 7KHFUXFLDOUROHWKDWPHGLDSOD\VLQWKHSURFHVVRIERWKUHPHPEHULQJDQGIRUJHWWLQJLV FXUUHQWO\UHDFKLQJQHZOHYHOVRILQWHUHVWLQWKHLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\DQGPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\VWXG\RI PHPRU\5DWKHUWKDQDQDO\VLQJPHGLDDQGPHPRU\DVVHSDUDWHHQWLWLHVUHFHQWVWXGLHVE\-RVp YDQ'LMFN$VWULG(UOODQG$QQ5LJQH\DQGRWKHUVKDYHSRLQWHGRXWWKHFHQWUDOLW\RIPHGLDWR WKHIRUPDWLRQRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\7KHVHVWXGLHVDGYRFDWHDPRUHdynamic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±DQGWKURXJKERWKZD\VFUHDWHIUDPHZRUNVIRUVKDSLQJH[SHULHQFHDVZHOODV PHPRU\%DVHGRQWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHVHOHFWHGFDVHVWXGLHV,DGYRFDWHDVLPLODUO\G\QDPLF DSSURDFKWRWKHVWXG\RIWHOHYLVLRQWRGD\ ,QWKHFXUUHQWPXOWLSODWIRUPHUDWHOHYLVLRQFDQLQWKLVPDQQHUEHVWXGLHGDVDpractice RI PHPRU\ 6WXUNHQ KDV GHILQHG D SUDFWLFH RI PHPRU\ DV DQ DFWLYLW\ WKDW HQJDJHV ZLWK SURGXFHV UHSURGXFHV DQG LQYHVWV PHDQLQJ LQ PHPRULHV ZKHWKHU SHUVRQDO FXOWXUDO RU FROOHFWLYH $FFRUGLQJWR6WXUNHQWKHFRQFHSWRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\LVSURIRXQGO\FRQQHFWHGWR WKH QRWLRQ RI PHPRU\ SUDFWLFHV EHFDXVH WKH DFWLYH DQG FRQVWUXFWHG QDWXUH RI PHPRU\ LV HPSKDVLVHG 7KH FRQFHSW SUDFWLFH RI PHPRU\  DOVR DOORZV IRU D IRFXV RQ WHOHYLVLRQ DV D continuous unstable DQG changing PHPRU\ SUDFWLFH LQ WKH PXOWLSODWIRUP HUD SDUWLFXODUO\ EHFDXVHWKHSURGXFWLRQDQGUHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIPHPRU\WKURXJKFXOWXUDOSUDFWLFHVKDVDVLWVEDVLV WKHLGHDWKDWPHPRULHVDUHDOZD\VSDUWRIODUJHUSURFHVVHVRIFXOWXUDO QHJRWLDWLRQ DQG WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ$V6WXUNHQDUJXHV 7KLVGHILQHVPHPRULHVDVnarrativesDVfluidDQGmediated FXOWXUDODQGSHUVRQDOWUDFHVRIWKHSDVW  P\HPSKDVLV  6XFKDSHUVSHFWLYHZDVLQLWLDOO\QRWDJLYHQLQWKHVWXG\RIPHPRU\DQGLVIXUWKHU SUREOHPDWLVHGE\WKHIDFWWKDWHOHFWURQLFPHGLD±DQGWHOHYLVLRQLQSDUWLFXODU±KDYHEHHQVDLG WR KDYH D SDUDGR[LFDO UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK KLVWRU\ DQG PHPRU\ 7KH DVVXPHG SDUDGR[LFDO UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQPHGLDKLVWRU\DQGPHPRU\LVH[HPSOLILHGE\WKHVRFDOOHGODWHWZHQWLHWK FHQWXU\PHPRU\FULVLV6XVDQQDK5DGVWRQHVWDWHVLQKHUZRUNMemory and MethodologyWKDW

 6WXUNHQTangled Memories $VWULG(UOODQG$QQ5LJQH\ ,QWURGXFWLRQ LQMediation, Remediation, and the Dynamics of Cutural MemoryHG$VWULG(UOODQG$QQ5LJQH\ %HUOLQ'H*UX\WHU ±-RVpYDQ'LMFNMediated Memories in the Digital Age 6WDQIRUG&$6WDQIRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  $VWULG(UOOMemory in Culture %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ  9DQ'LMFNMediated Memories in the Digital Age (UOODQG5LJQH\ ,QWURGXFWLRQ  0DULWD6WXUNHQ 0HPRU\&RQVXPHULVPDQG0HGLD5HIOHFWLRQVRQWKH(PHUJHQFHRIWKH)LHOG  Memory StudiesQR  GRL ,ELG 6HHDOVR+DOEZDFKVThe Collective Memory

    LQWKHODWHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\H[SHULHQFHVRILPPHGLDF\LQVWDQWDQHLW\DQGVLPXOWDQHLW\KDYH LQIOHFWHGDFULVLVRIPHPRU\LQFRQWHPSRUDU\VRFLHW\7KHGHYHORSPHQWRIQHZHOHFWURQLF WHFKQRORJLHVLVSDUWO\UHVSRQVLEOHIRU GHHSHQLQJ WKLVFULVLVVLQFHVXFKQHZPHGLD FROODSVHWKH GLVWDQFH WKDW SUHYLRXVO\ VHSDUDWHG DQ HYHQW IURP LWV UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ  7KRPDV (OVDHVVHU SHUKDSV EHVW H[SODLQV WKLV DVVXPHG SDUDGR[LFDO UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ PHGLD KLVWRU\ DQG PHPRU\ E\ DUJXLQJ WKDW WKH GLVFRXUVH RI PHGLD PHPRU\ ± VSHFLILFDOO\ IRU WHOHYLVLRQ ± LV FRQVWLWXWLYHO\WUDXPDWLF 

7KHPHGLDLPDJHVRIWHOHYLVLRQUHJDUGHGIURPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRIWKHLUUHIHUHQWLDOLW\ ZRXOG>«@FRQWULEXWHWRRXUFXOWXUDOPHPRU\DERYHDOOE\SUHVHUYLQJWKHWUDXPDWLF QDWXUHRIPHGLDPDGHKLVWRU\DVpost-history>$@SDVWHYHQWSDVVHGRQLQPHGLDLPDJHV LVERWKXQGHDGDQGQRWDOLYH,WLVDOZD\VH[FHHGLQJLQZKDWHYHUVPDOODQGDSSDUHQWO\ LQVLJQLILFDQWZD\WKHSODFHDQGWLPHWKHVWDWXVDQGKLHUDUFK\DKLVWRULDQPLJKWDVVLJQ WRLW  P\HPSKDVLV 

$FFRUGLQJWR(OVDHVVHUWKHQKLVWRULFDOHYHQWVSDVVHGRQLQWHOHYLVLRQLPDJHVDUHDOZD\VUHDG\ WRUHWXUQDQGQHYHUWREHIRUJRWWHQEXWDWWKHVDPHWLPH LQWHUIHUHGZLWKEOXUUHGRURYHUODLGE\ RWKHULPDJHVRWKHUPHPRULHVRWKHUSRVVLEOHFRPELQDWLRQVDQGDVVRFLDWLRQV DQGWKHUHIRUHDOVR QHYHUTXLWHUHPHPEHUHG,QWKHFXUUHQWPHGLDFOLPDWHZHDUHZLWQHVVLQJDYDVWJURZWKRIQHZ PHGLD DQG GLJLWDO WHFKQRORJLHV QHZ PHPRU\ GLVFRXUVHV DQG PHPRU\ SUDFWLFHV 7KH FRQWHPSRUDU\ PHGLD ODQGVFDSH LQ SDUWLFXODU SURYLGHV PDQ\ RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU PHGLDPDGH KLVWRU\DVSRVWKLVWRU\5HFHQWVWXGLHVDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQIHUHQFHVKDYHWKHUHIRUHVWDUWHGWR GLVFXVVWKHFRQVLGHUDEOHUROHRIWHOHYLVLRQWRGD\LQWKHHYHU\GD\SURFHVVRIUHPHPEHULQJDQG IRUJHWWLQJ VHH&KDSWHU,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KLVFXUUHQWPHGLDFOLPDWHLVDOVRXQLTXHO\VXLWHGWR WHOHYLVLRQDVDSUDFWLFHRIPHPRU\DQGLWVSUHVHQWUROHLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\  7HOHYLVLRQDVDG\QDPLFFRQVWHOODWLRQRIVFUHHQSUDFWLFHV 7HOHYLVLRQ V WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ LQWR D G\QDPLF FRQVWHOODWLRQ RI VFUHHQ SUDFWLFHV FKDOOHQJHV WKH GRPLQDQWFRQFHSWLRQWKDWWHOHYLVLRQFKDUDFWHULVHGE\OLYHQHVVLPPHGLDF\DQGLWVHSKHPHUDO QDWXUHLVDGLVSRVDEOHSUDFWLFHLQFDSDEOHRIPHPRU\/LNHRWKHUPHGLDWHOHYLVLRQKDVRIWHQ

 6XVDQQDK5DGVWRQH :RUNLQJZLWK0HPRU\$Q,QWURGXFWLRQ LQMemory and MethodologyHG 6XVDQQDK5DGVWRQH 2[IRUG%HUJ 0HPRU\VFKRODUV$VWULG(UOODQG$QQ5LJQH\KDYHLQ WKLVUHVSHFWFODLPHGWKDWWKHFXUUHQWFULVLVRIPHPRU\DOWKRXJKSHUKDSVWKHPRVWGUDPDWLFLVQRWVR PXFKWKHILUVWRILWVNLQGEXWPXVWUDWKHUEHVHHQDV WKHQHZHVWSKDVHLQWKHRQJRLQJHYROXWLRQRI PHPRULDOPHGLD (UOODQG5LJQH\ ,QWURGXFWLRQ  9LYLDQ&DURO6REFKDFN ,QWURGXFWLRQ+LVWRU\+DSSHQV LQThe Persistence of History: Cinema, Television, and the Modern EventHG9LYLDQ&DURO6REFKDFN 1HZ

  

EHHQWKHRULVHGDVDVWDEOHIL[HGDQGDXWRQRPRXVWHFKQRORJ\7KHPHGLXPKDVDOVREHHQVODWHG IRUUHQGHULQJPHPRU\VWDWLFDQGHQGXULQJ7HOHYLVLRQ VFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHORVVRIKLVWRULFDO FRQVFLRXVQHVV KDV RIWHQ EHHQ DWWULEXWHG WR WKHPHGLXP V IORZ TXDOLW\,QWKHSUHVHQWPHGLD FOLPDWHDFULWLFDOUHWKLQNLQJRIWHOHYLVLRQDQGWKHRUHWLFDOFRQFHSWVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHPHGLXP± VSHFLILFDOO\OLYHQHVVDVSUHVHQFHDQGLPPHGLDF\IL[LW\DQGIORZ±LVHVVHQWLDOWRDGGUHVVWKH UHFHQWGHYHORSPHQWVLQWHOHYLVLRQ   /LYHQHVVSUHVHQFHDQGLPPHGLDF\ 7HOHYLVLRQKDVRIWHQEHHQUHJDUGHGDVD EDG PHPRU\PHGLXP7HOHYLVLRQKDVSULQFLSDOO\EHHQ FRQFHSWXDOLVHGLQWHUPVRIWLPHRZLQJWRLWVEDVLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIOLYHQHVVDQGLPPHGLDF\ EXW LW KDV EHHQ ORFNHG LQ WKH SUHVHQW WHQVH $FFRUGLQJ WR 0DU\ $QQ 'RDQH WKH WHPSRUDO GLPHQVLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQLV DQLQVLVWHQWSUHVHQWQHVV±DThis-is-going-onUDWKHUWKDQDThat- has-been D FHOHEUDWLRQ RI WKH LQVWDQWDQHRXV  LWV RZQ GLVFRXUVH WKHUHIRUH FKDUDFWHULVHG E\ 'RDQHDV QRZQHVV %HLQJFRGHGDVSUHVHQWLPPHGLDWHDQGOLYHWKHPHGLXPRIWHOHYLVLRQKDV LQSDUWLFXODUEHHQFDWHJRULVHGDVDPQHVLF$V0LPL:KLWHKDVDUJXHGLQKHULQIOXHQWLDOHVVD\ 7KH$WWUDFWLRQVRI7HOHYLVLRQ5HFRQVLGHULQJ/LYHQHVV OLYHQHVVKDVSULQFLSDOO\EHHQXVHGDV DNH\FRQFHSWIRUWHOHYLVLRQVWXGLHVWRFKDUDFWHULVHIXQGDPHQWDORQWRORJLFDODQGLGHRORJLFDO GLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQILOPDQGWHOHYLVLRQDVGLVWLQFWLYHPHGLD7KLVKDVUHVXOWHGLQWKHRXWFRPH WKDW

/LYHQHVV±DVSUHVHQFHLPPHGLDF\DFWXDOLW\±EHFRPHVDFRQFHSWXDOILOWHUWRVXFK DQH[WHQWWKDWRWKHUGLVFXUVLYHUHJLVWHUVDUHLJQRUHG$VDUHVXOWWHOHYLVLRQ VSHUYDVLYH GLVFRXUVHVRIKLVWRU\PHPRU\DQGSUHVHUYDWLRQDUHWRRUHDGLO\GLVPLVVHGUHOHJDWHGWR VHFRQGDU\VWDWXV>«@ 

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

 0DU\$QQ'RDQH ,QIRUPDWLRQ&ULVLV&DWDVWURSKH LQLogics of Television: Essays in Cultural CriticismHG3DWULFLD0HOOHQFDPS7KHRULHVRI&RQWHPSRUDU\&XOWXUH %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV )RUDIRXQGDWLRQDOUHDGLQJRIWHOHYLVLRQ VHVVHQWLDOOLYHQHVVVHH -DQH)HXHU 7KH&RQFHSWRI/LYH7HOHYLVLRQ2QWRORJ\DV,GHRORJ\ LQRegarding Television: Critical Approaches - an AnthologyHG($QQ.DSODQ /RV$QJHOHV$PHULFDQ)LOP,QVWLWXWH ± 0LPL:KLWH 7KH$WWUDFWLRQVRI7HOHYLVLRQ5HFRQVLGHULQJ/LYHQHVV LQMediaSpace: Place, Scale, and Culture in a Media AgeHG1LFN&RXOGU\DQG$QQD0F&DUWK\ /RQGRQDQG1HZ

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±DIWHUDOOVLQFHWKHVWHOHYLVLRQKDVSUHGRPLQDQWO\FRQVLVWHGRISUHUHFRUGHG SURJUDPPHV,QWKHZRUGVRI(OOLV

7KHYHU\DFWRIEURDGFDVWWUDQVPLVVLRQLWVHOIFUHDWHVDVHQVHRILQVWDQWDQHRXVFRQWDFW ZLWKWKHDXGLHQFH7KHDFWRIEURDGFDVWDQGWKHDFWRIZLWQHVVWDNHSODFHLQWKHVDPH LQVWDQWZKHWKHURUQRWWKHHYHQWVZLWQHVVHGDUHWDNLQJSODFHOLYH 

,WLVSUHFLVHO\WKHPRPHQWRILQVWDQWDQHRXVFRQWDFWWKDWJLYHVWHOHYLVLRQWKHSRZHUWRFUHDWH PHPRU\:RUNE\$QQH:DOHVDQG5REHUWD3HDUVRQVKRZVKRZWHOHYLVLRQFDQIRULQVWDQFH IXQFWLRQ DV D IDFLOLWDWRU RI FXOWXUDO PHPRU\ ZKHQ EURDGFDVWLQJ DQQXDO  HYHQWV RI QDWLRQDO PRXUQLQJFRPPHPRUDWLRQRUFHOHEUDWLRQ6XFKEURDGFDVWVERWKDFWLYHO\PHPRULDOLVHRIWHQ E\XVLQJRUUHF\FOLQJDUFKLYDOPDWHULDOVIRUUHPHPEUDQFHandFUHDWHQHZPHPRULHVVKDSLQJ

 6WHYH$QGHUVRQ +LVWRU\79DQG3RSXODU0HPRU\ LQTelevision Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media AgeHG*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU&5ROOLQV /H[LQJWRQ.<8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV RI.HQWXFN\ ± +ROGVZRUWK VFULWLFLVPLQWKLVFRQWH[WLVSDUWLFXODUO\GLUHFWHGWRZDUGV3DWULFLD0HOOHQFDPS VHGLWHG FROOHFWLRQLogics of Television: Essays in Cultural Criticism %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  VSHFLILFDOO\WKHHVVD\VE\0DU\$QQ'RDQH ,QIRUPDWLRQ&ULVLV&DWDVWURSKH 3DWULFLD 0HOOHQFDPS 797LPHDQG&DWDVWURSKHRU%H\RQGWKH3OHDVXUH3ULQFLSOHRI7HOHYLVLRQ DQGLQD OHVVHUPDQQHU6WHSKHQ+HDWK 5HSUHVHQWLQJ7HOHYLVLRQ DQG0DUJDUHW0RUVH $Q2QWRORJ\RI (YHU\GD\'LVWUDFWLRQ7KH)UHHZD\WKH0DOODQG7HOHYLVLRQ 6HH$P\+ROGVZRUWK %ULWLVK 7HOHYLVLRQ0HPRU\DQG1RVWDOJLD  3K'8QLYHUVLW\RI:DUZLFN ± 3DMDOD VFULWLFLVPLQWKLVFRQWH[WLVSDUWLFXODUO\GLUHFWHGWRZDUGV6WHSKHQ+HDWK 5HSUHVHQWLQJ 7HOHYLVLRQ LQLogics of Television: Essays in Cultural CriticismHG3DWULFLD0HOOHQFDPS %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ±$QGUHZ+RVNLQV 1HZ0HPRU\0HGLDWLQJ +LVWRU\ Historical Journal of Film, Radio and TelevisionQR  ± GRL6HH0DUL3DMDOD 7HOHYLVLRQDVDQ$UFKLYHRI0HPRULHV"&XOWXUDO 0HPRU\DQG,WV/LPLWVRQWKH)LQQLVK3XEOLF6HUYLFH%URDGFDVWHU V2QOLQH$UFKLYH Critical Studies in TelevisionQR  ±GRL&67 .D\5LFKDUGVRQDQG8OULNH+DQQD0HLQKRIWorlds in Common? Television Discourse in a Changing Europe /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 3DGG\6FDQHOO 7HOHYLVLRQDQG+LVWRU\ LQA Companion to TelevisionHG-DQHW:DVNR 0DOGHQ0$%ODFNZHOO3XEOLVKLQJ -RKQ(OOLV Seeing Things: Television in the Age of Uncertainty /RQGRQ,%7DXULV  -RKQ(OOLVSeeing Things $QQH:DOHV 7HOHYLVLRQDV+LVWRU\+LVWRU\DV7HOHYLVLRQ LQTelevision and CriticismHG6RODQJH 'DYLQDQG5KRQD-DFNVRQ %ULVWRO,QWHOOHFW 5REHUWD(3HDUVRQ 0HPRU\ LQCritical Dictionary of Film and Television TheoryHG5REHUWD(3HDUVRQDQG3KLOLS6LPSVRQ /RQGRQ 5RXWOHGJH 

  

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

$YLGHRWDSHRUDXGLRWDSHDZULWWHQUHFRUGGRPRUHWKDQMXVWUHLQIRUFHPHPRU\WKH\ IUHH]HLWDQGLQLPSRVLQJDIL[HGOLQHDUVHTXHQFHXSRQLWWKH\VLPXOWDQHRXVO\SUHVHUYH LWDQGSUHYHQWLWIURPHYROYLQJDQGWUDQVIRUPLQJLWVHOIZLWKWLPH 

+RZHYHU +RVNLQV PRYHV RQ WR DUJXH KRZ WKH GLVWLQFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH WRWDOLVLQJ DQG WKH FRQWH[WXDOWKHSHUPDQHQWDQGWKHHSKHPHUDOWKHDUFKLYHDQGQDUUDWLYHDUHOHVVHIIHFWXDOZKHQ PHPRU\LVHPEHGGHGLQQHWZRUNVWKDWblurWKHVHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV>DQG@WHFKQRORJLFDODGYDQFHV WKDWKDYHWUDQVIRUPHGWKHtemporalityspatialityDQGLQGHHGWKH mobility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«@ ,Q/\QQ 6SLJHO 2XU79+HULWDJH7HOHYLVLRQWKH$UFKLYHDQGWKH5HDVRQVIRU3UHVHUYDWLRQ LQA Companion to TelevisionHG-DQHW:DVNR 2[IRUG%ODFNZHOO3XEOLVKLQJ/WG  KWWSGRLZLOH\FRPFK 6WHYHQ5RVHThe Making of Memory: From Molecules to Mind /RQGRQ%DQWDP ,Q $QGUHZ+RVNLQV 'LJLWDO1HWZRUN0HPRU\ LQMediation, Remediation, and the Dynamics of Cutural MemoryHG$VWULG(UOODQG$QQ5LJQH\ %HUOLQ'H*UX\WHU ± +RVNLQV 'LJLWDO1HWZRUN0HPRU\  7HOHYLVLRQLVFRQVLGHUHGE\PDQ\SHRSOHWREHDVWDEOHWHFKQRORJ\ZLWKRXWRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUIXUWKHU LQQRYDWLRQ,Q$0LFKDHO1ROOTelevision Technology: Fundamentals and Future Prospects 1RUZRRG0$$UWHFK+RXVH 6HHDOVR 7KHLVRODWHG79VHWWKHSLFWXUHER[FXWRIIIURP FXOWXUH LQ-RKQ7&DOGZHOOTelevisuality: Style, Crisis, and Authority in American Television 1HZ %UXQVZLFN1-5XWJHUV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 

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±RULQWKDWUHVSHFWLQWKH FLQHPDRURQYLGHRWDSH±VWDWLQJWKDWWKH'9'ER[VHW IXQFWLRQVDVDPXOWLOD\HUHGWH[WXDO H[SHULHQFHdistinct from televisionDQGonly obtainable via DVD  P\HPSKDVLV %\FRQWUDVW ,KDYHVKRZQWKDWVXFKSUDFWLFHVPXVWEHFRQVLGHUHGDQHFHVVDU\SDUWRIWHOHYLVLRQDVDG\QDPLF FRQVWHOODWLRQ RI VFUHHQ SUDFWLFHV LQ WKH PXOWLSODWIRUP HUD LQ WHUPV RI WHOHYLVLRQ XVHUV LQWHUDFWLQJZLWKWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVEH\RQGWKHPRPHQWRIYLHZLQJLQGLIIHUHQWGLVFRXUVHV VXUURXQGLQJWKHWHOHYLVLRQWH[WEXWDOVRLQWHUPVRIFROOHFWLQJDQGLQFUHDVHGSHUVRQDOLVDWLRQRU 'R,W

  

WHOHYLVLRQ VFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHORVVRIKLVWRU\LVHYHQIXUWKHUHPSKDVLVHGE\6WHSKHQ+HDWK ZKRKDVDUJXHGWKDW

7KHOLYHQHVVRIWHOHYLVLRQ±ZKHWKHUUHDORUILFWLYH OLYHQHVVLVDSULPDU\LPDJLQDU\RI WHOHYLVLRQ  ± DOVR KDV LWV VLJQLILFDQFH KHUH WKDW RI D FRQVWDQW LPPHGLDF\ WHOHYLVLRQ WRGD\QRZWKLVPLQXWH([KDXVWLQJWLPHLQWRPRPHQWVLW VQRZWKLVQHVVtelevision produces forgetfulness, not memory, flow, not history,IWKHUHLVKLVWRU\LWLVFRQJHDOHG DOUHDG\SDVWDQGGLVWDQWDQGIRUJRWWHQRWKHUWKDQDVWHOHYLVLRQDUFKLYHPDWHULDOLPDJHV WKDWFDQEHUHSHDWHGWREHIRUJRWWHQDJDLQ  P\HPSKDVLV 

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ogics of Television: Essays in Cultural CriticismHG 3DWULFLD0HOOHQFDPS %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ± :LOOLDP8ULFFKLR 7HOHYLVLRQ V1H[W*HQHUDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\,QWHUIDFH&XOWXUH)ORZ LQTelevision after TV: Essays on a Medium in TransitionHG/\QQ6SLJHODQG-DQ2OVVRQ 'XUKDP1&'XNH 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ± ,ELG +HQU\-HQNLQVConvergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide 1HZ

    FRQWH[WWKHVWXGLHGFDVHVKDYHVKRZQKRZPXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\SURGXFWLRQDQGVWRU\WHOOLQJ GHPDQGVFRQVLGHUDEOHHIIRUWVRIERWKFUHDWRUVDQGXVHUVWRDFKLHYHDGHHSHUHQJDJHPHQW,WLVD VSHFLILFPRGHRIHQJDJHPHQWDQGSURGXFWLRQURXWLQHWKDWFKDOOHQJHVWKHXVHRIWKHPHGLXP WHOHYLVLRQ,WLVDOVRDIUXLWIXOOLQHRILQYHVWLJDWLRQWRJDLQIXUWKHULQVLJKWLQWRWHOHYLVLRQDVD FRQVWHOODWLRQRIVFUHHQSUDFWLFHVDQGDPRUHSDUWLFLSDWRU\PHGLXP±ZKLFKLQYROYHVDVHWRI H[SHFWDWLRQVIURPFUHDWRUVWRR%\PDNLQJWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQWDYDLODEOHRQPXOWLSOHSODWIRUPV WHOHYLVXDO SUDFWLFHV RI UHVFUHHQLQJ LQ WXUQ SURYLGH WHOHYLVLRQXVHUVZLWKDQDFWLYHDQG FRQWLQXRXVOLQNWRYHUVLRQVRIWKHSDVWLQGRFXPHQWDULHVDQGDUFKLYHEDVHGKLVWRULHV 7KHSULYLOHJLQJPDUJLQDOLVLQJDQGUHMHFWLQJRIFHUWDLQPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHVRYHURWKHUVLV DQ LPSRUWDQW SDUW RI WKLV SURFHVV /RRVHQHG IURP D VSHFLILF GLVWULEXWLRQ IRUPDW WHOHYLVXDO SUDFWLFHVRIUHVFUHHQLQJFRQVHTXHQWO\SURGXFHDIORZ±RULQGHHGflows±RIPHPRU\WKURXJK PXOWLSODWIRUP VWRU\WHOOLQJ ,QVWHDG RI HDFK WHOHYLVLRQ LPDJH UHSODFLQJ WKH QH[W LQ D VHULDO VXFFHVVLRQLQWHOHYLVLRQ VWUDGLWLRQDO IORZ PRGHOWHOHYLVLRQLPDJHVH[LVWFRQWLQXRXVO\VLGHE\ VLGHLQDSDUDOOHOH[WHQVLRQRQPXOWLSOHSODWIRUPV7KHVHLPDJHVDUHEHLQJQDYLJDWHGWKURXJKDQ LQFUHDVLQJO\YLHZHUVLGHGDQGWHFKQRORJ\VLGHGQRWLRQRIIORZ,PDJHVFDQEHUHYLVLWHGDVORQJ DVVXFKPHPRU\PDWHULDOVNHHSPDNLQJWKHPVHOYHVDYDLODEOHWRDXGLHQFHV±ZKLFKLQWRGD\ V WHFKQRORJLFDOO\DGYDQFHGHUDFDQERWKEHDQH[FHHGLQJO\OHQJWK\SHULRGDVZHOODVERXQGE\ GLIIHUHQWFKDOOHQJHVDQGUHVWULFWLRQVDVWKHDQDO\VLVLQWKHSUHYLRXVFKDSWHUVKDVSRLQWHGRXW  'RLQJKLVWRU\DVDSUDFWLFHRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\ :K\DSRHWLFVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\RQWHOHYLVLRQ"7RUHLWHUDWH3HWHU%XUNH VREVHUYDWLRQLQVarieties of Cultural History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± DQG WKLV EULQJV RSSRUWXQLWLHV DQG FKDOOHQJHV IRU WHOHYLVLRQ PDNHUV $ SRHWLFVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\FDQWKHUHIRUHEHXVHGWRVKHGIXUWKHUOLJKWRQWRSDUDSKUDVH%XUNH WHOHYLVLRQPDNHUV FRQVFLRXVDQGXQFRQVFLRXVSUDFWLFHVRIVHOHFWLRQDQGLQWHUSUHWDWLRQ ,KDYHVKRZQLQWKHSUHYLRXVFKDSWHUVKRZ'XWFKEURDGFDVWHUVEULQJQDUUDWLYHVRIWKH SDVWLQWRYLVLRQEDVHGRQDQDQDO\VLVRIVSHFLILFFDVHVWXGLHV+HUH,KDYHIRFXVHGRQUHOHYDQW IRUPVRIWUDGLWLRQDOEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQRQSXEOLFVHUYLFHFKDQQHOVQDUURZFDVWLQJDQGFURVV

 )RUDGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHSRVVLEOH KD]DUGV RIWKHLQFUHDVHGGLJLWLVDWLRQRIPHPRU\VHH1DQF\9DQ +RXVHDQG(OL]DEHWK)&KXUFKLOO 7HFKQRORJLHVRI0HPRU\.H\,VVXHVDQG&ULWLFDO3HUVSHFWLYHV  Memory StudiesQR  ±GRL 3HWHU%XUNHVarieties of Cultural History &DPEULGJH3ROLW\3UHVV 

  

SODWIRUP VFKHGXOLQJ SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ UHODWLRQ WR GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOV DQG GRFXPHQWDU\ SODWIRUPVDQGFRQQHFWHGFURVVPHGLDWUDQVPHGLDDQGSDUWLFLSDWRU\SUDFWLFHV7RUHLWHUDWHWKH VWXG\RIWKHVHOHFWHGFDVHVRQWH[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHFXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDODQGLQVWLWXWLRQDOOHYHOV GLVFXVVHGPRUHH[WHQVLYHO\LQ&KDSWHU 3RHWLFVDVD5HVHDUFK0RGHO LVDSXUHO\KHXULVWLF GLVWLQFWLRQDVVXFKSUDFWLFHVDUHQHFHVVDULO\FRQQHFWHGDQGUHODWHG (DFK FDVH VWXG\ UHYHDOHG PRUH RU OHVV GLVWLQFW WH[WXDO FXOWXUDOKLVWRULFDO DQG LQVWLWXWLRQDODLPVVWUDWHJLHVDQGFRQYHQWLRQVIRUGRLQJKLVWRU\7KHVWXGLHGFDVHVRQWKHRQH KDQGSRLQWHGWRWKHLQFUHDVLQJEOXUULQJRIERXQGDULHVEHWZHHQWKHVHSUDFWLFHVDQGEHWZHHQ SURJUDPPHVDQGSODWIRUPVLQWKHGLJLWDOHUD2QWKHRWKHUKDQGLQHDFKFKDSWHU,KDYHEHHQ DEOHWR]RRPLQRQGLIIHUHQWDVSHFWVRIUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHSDVWLQGRFXPHQWDU\DQGDUFKLYHEDVHG WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVZLWKLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPODQGVFDSHUDQJLQJIURPPHGLDWLRQK\EULGLW\ FXUDWLRQUHVFUHHQLQJUHODWLRQVWRRIILFLDOKLVWRU\DQGFROOHFWLYHPHPRU\DVZHOODVFKDOOHQJHV DQGRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWHOHYLVLRQZRUNLQJWRZDUGVDSDUWLFLSDWRU\PHPRU\YLDPXOWLSODWIRUP VWRU\SURGXFWLRQ %LOO1LFKROVKDVGHVFULEHGGRFXPHQWDU\ILOPDVDWDQJLEOHPHPRU\WKHDWUHRILWVRZQ EXWVXFKDGHVFULSWLRQLVVXLWDEOHWRRWKHQIRU'XWFKWHOHYLVXDOSUDFWLFHVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\LQWKH PXOWLSODWIRUP HUD $1'(5( 7,-'(1 >&+$1*,1* 7,0(6@ 1361759352 ± '( 225/2*,1'(225/2*>7+(:$5$7:$5@ 136± DQG,1(8523$>,1(8523(@ 9352± KDYHEHHQVXFFHVVIXOLQEULQJLQJKLVWRU\WRWKHDWWHQWLRQRIWKHSXEOLFDQG GLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOVNPO Doc SUHYLRXVO\Holland Doc DQGNostalgieNet >NostalgiaNet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

 %LOO1LFKROVIntroduction to Documentary %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV  4XRWHLQ'XWFK 'H1HGHUODQGVHWHOHYLVLHEHVWHHGWWHZHLQLJ]HQGWLMGDDQJHVFKLHGHQLV ,Q%DV .URPKRXW (pQVRDSYHUYDQJHQGRRUJHVFKLHGHQLV]RXDOSUDFKWLJ]LMQ Historisch NieuwsbladQR  KWWSZZZKLVWRULVFKQLHXZVEODGQOQODUWLNHOHHQVRDSYHUYDQJHQGRRUJHVFKLHGHQLV ]RXDOSUDFKWLJ]LMQKWPO 4XRWHLQ'XWFK >1HGHUODQGLV@HHQODQGZDDUGHKLVWRULVFKHEHODQJVWHOOLQJQLHWDOWHJURRWLV ,Q :LOOHP0HOFKLQJ ,Q(XURSD EDUVWYDQGHIRXWHQ De Volkskrant'HFHPEHU 6HHHJ)UHGULF-DPHVRQPostmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism3RVW &RQWHPSRUDU\,QWHUYHQWLRQV 'XUKDP1&'XNH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ±6WHSKHQ%HUWPDQ Cultural Amnesia: America's Future and the Crisis of Memory :HVWSRUW3UDHJHU3XEOLVKHUV  )RUDOWHUQDWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHVRQHSKHPHUDOPHGLDVHHHJ3DXO*UDLQJHHGEphemeral Media: Transitory Screen Culture from Television to YouTube %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 

    DUFKLYHEDVHGKLVWRULHVWKHQFDQEHVDLGWRIXQFWLRQDVDPHDQVWRFROOHFWVHDUFKVKRZDQG SUHVHUYHLQGLYLGXDODQGFROOHFWLYHFXOWXUDOPHPRULHV 7KHDQDO\VLVRIWKHGLIIHUHQWFDVHVKLJKOLJKWVGLYHUVHPDWHULDOV±WKHPHVVXEMHFWPDWWHUV QDUUDWLYH IRUPV DQG DXGLRYLVXDO VW\OHV ± DQG RUJDQLVLQJ SULQFLSOHV RI GRLQJ KLVWRU\ RQ WHOHYLVLRQLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUD7KHVWXGLHGFDVHVKDYHUHYHDOHGRQWKHRQHKDQGVLPLODU DQGGLVVLPLODUWH[WXDODQGQDUUDWLYHVWUDWHJLHVIRUHQJDJLQJDXGLHQFHVLQZKDWKLVWRU\felt OLNH at the time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ndere Tijden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n Everyday Magic: Cinema and Cultural Memory /RQGRQ,%7DXULV ±  6WXDUW+DOO 7KH6WUXFWXUHG&RPPXQLFDWLRQRI(YHQWV LQSociety and the Social Sciences: An IntroductionHG'DYLG3RWWHU /RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 

  

WHVWLPRQLHVVKRZKRZWKHLQFUHDVLQJLQWHUWZLQLQJRIWKHSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHFDQSURYLGHQHZ RXWORRNVRQSDVWHYHQWV5DWKHUWKDQH[KDXVWLQJWLPHLQWRPRPHQWVRIFRQVWDQWLPPHGLDF\ KHUHWHOHYLVLRQIXQFWLRQVDVDWRROLQWKHFUHDWLRQDQGFXOWXUDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJRID VKDUHGSDVW  DVZHOODVWULJJHULQJDFWVRIUHPHPEUDQFHVXFKDVSHUVRQDOPHPRULHV9LHZHUPHPRULHV IRU LQVWDQFH RQ SURJUDPPH ZHEVLWHV EXW DOVR KDQGZULWWHQ OHWWHUV LQ UHVSRQVH WR EURDGFDVW WHOHYLVLRQ SULQFLSDOO\XQGHUVFRUH-pU{PH%RXUGRQ VDUJXPHQWDWLRQWKDW

5HPHPEHULQJWHOHYLVLRQ>«@LVUHPHPEHULQJFRQWDFWVZLWKDFHUWDLQZRUOGRXWWKHUH ZKLFK FRPHV WR H[LVW WKURXJK WKH WHOHYLVLRQ VFUHHQ EXW JHQHUDWHVDYDULHW\RI LQWHUDFWLRQVWKDWFDQQRWEHUHGXFHGWRVLPSOHYLHZLQJ 

$VWKHVWXGLHGFDVHVKDYHVKRZQSUDFWLFHVRIGRLQJKLVWRU\KHOSWRFUHDWHVXFKLQWHUDFWLRQVDQG FRQWDFWV )RU H[DPSOH LQ WKH FDVH RI ,1 (8523$ XVHUV QHJRWLDWHG WKH FUHDWRUV  IUDPLQJ RI SHUVRQDOPHPRULHVDQGlieux de mémoire WKURXJKWKUHHIRUPVRIHQJDJHPHQWSHUVRQDOLVDWLRQ DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ DQG HYDOXDWLRQ 7KLV DOVR LQYROYHG LQVWDQFHV ZKHUH WKH DXGLHQFH KDG QRW SHUVRQDOO\H[SHULHQFHGWKLVKLVWRU\IRUWKHPVHOYHV±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inPHPRU\ ,QKHUVWXG\RQWHOHYLVLRQPHPRU\DQG QRVWDOJLD+ROGVZRUWKVWDWHGWKDWWKHLQIOXHQFHRIPHPRU\VWXGLHVDQGWKHQRWLRQRIWKHPHPRU\ ERRPSURPSWVDFRQFHUQZLWKhowwhy DQGto what effect PHPRU\DQGQRVWDOJLDDULVHZLWKLQ WKHWHOHYLVXDOODQGVFDSH2IIHULQJDUHIOHFWLRQRIWKHRSHUDWLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQPHPRU\RXWVLGHRI EURDGFDVWIORZDQGZLWKLQWKHWUDGLWLRQDOVSDFHRIWKHPXVHXP±LQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKHJDOOHULHV DQGFROOHFWLRQVDWWKH1DWLRQDO0HGLD0XVHXP 100 ±+ROGVZRUWKFRQFOXGHGWKDW

Television is not deadEXWrecirculatesZLWKLQFRQWHPSRUDU\FXOWXUHWKURXJKDYDULHW\ RIWH[WXDOJHQHULFSHUVRQDODQGLQVWLWXWLRQDOSUDFWLFHV>«@,IZHYLHZWHOHYLVLRQDVD SRVVLEOHSRLQWRIFROOHFWLYHLGHQWLILFDWLRQUDWKHUWKDQDYDQLVKLQJDFWWKHQERWK79 +HDYHQ DQG WKH ZLGHU JDOOHU\ DFW DV D SODFH WR VKDUH DQG DIILUP H[SHULHQFHV DQG PHPRULHVRIRXUWHOHYLVLRQDXWRELRJUDSKLHV  P\HPSKDVLV 

+ROGVZRUWKQRWHGWKDWKHUDFFRXQWGLGQRWRIIHUDVXVWDLQHGDQDO\VLV+RZHYHUKHUVWXG\RIIHUV VXIILFLHQWOHDGVRIGHSDUWXUHIRUWKHFRQVLGHUDWLRQRIWHOHYLVLRQLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPODQGVFDSH

 -pU{PH%RXUGRQ 6RPH6HQVHRI7LPH5HPHPEHULQJ7HOHYLVLRQ History & MemoryQR  ± $OLVRQ/DQGVEHUJProsthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture 1HZ

    DVDVLWHRIPHPRU\ lieux de mémoire LQZKLFKWHOHYLVLRQ VKLVWRU\LVUHSXUSRVHG,KDYHVKRZQ WKURXJK WKHDQDO\VLV RI GLIIHUHQW FDVHV KRZ WHOHYLVLRQ DV DG\QDPLF FRQVWHOODWLRQ RI VFUHHQ SUDFWLFHVKHOSVWRUHSUHVHQWVWKHSDVW)RULQVWDQFHWKHGRFXPHQWDU\SODWIRUPNPO Doc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±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ournal of European StudiesQR  GRL $QQHWWH.XKQ $-RXUQH\WKURXJK0HPRU\ LQMemory and Methodology, HG6XVDQQDK5DGVWRQH 2[IRUG%HUJ 0\UD0DFGRQDOG 3HUIRUPLQJ0HPRU\RQ7HOHYLVLRQ'RFXPHQWDU\DQG WKHV Screen QR  

  

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±QRORQJHU XSGDWHGEXWVWLOODFFHVVLEOHDQGYDOXDEOHIRUKLVWRULFDODQGVRFLDOFRQWHQW&RQWH[WXDOLVDWLRQ DQGVWLPXOXVWKHUHIRUHUHPDLQLPSRUWDQWSUHFRQGLWLRQVIRUWKH DFWXDOLVDWLRQ RISDUWLFLSDWRU\ PHPRULHVDQGDFWLYHIRUPVRIXVHUHQJDJHPHQWLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUD7KLVLVHYHQPRUHWKH FDVHZLWKLQWKH'XWFKWHOHYLVLRQLQGXVWU\EHFDXVHSXEOLFEURDGFDVWHUVDUHIRUELGGHQWRSURGXFH LQWHUQHWRQO\ FRQWHQW±PHDQLQJFRQWHQWZLWKQRGLUHFWOLQNZLWKWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPLQJ$V DUHVXOWWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQWLVQRWSURGXFHGWRHQJDJHXVHUV DWWHQWLRQEH\RQGWKHPRPHQWRI EURDGFDVWLQJDVSHFLILFVHULHV±ZKLFKLVSUREOHPDWLFWRVD\WKHOHDVWIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRID FURVVPHGLDRUWUDQVPHGLDQDUUDWLYH $VDSUDFWLFHRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\WKHQGRLQJKLVWRU\LVSULPDULO\Dstruggle over power 'RLQJKLVWRU\LVQRWDOLQHDUSURFHVV7KHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUFUHDWRUVWRSURYLGHDFFHVVWRKLVWRU\ RQWHOHYLVLRQLQDSDUWLFXODUFRQWH[WDQGWRPDNHFRQWH[WXDOLVHGPDWHULDOPRUHPHDQLQJIXOKDYH H[SDQGHG FRQVLGHUDEO\ LQ WKH PXOWLSODWIRUP HUD 7KLV DOVR EULQJV QHZ RSSRUWXQLWLHV DQG FKDOOHQJHV IRU WHOHYLVLRQ PDNHUV 5HSUHVHQWDWLRQV RI KLVWRU\ RQ WHOHYLVLRQ VKDSH RXU SHUVSHFWLYHV RI WKH SDVW DV D WHFKQRORJLFDO PHPRU\ EDQN   EXW VXFK UHSUHVHQWDWLRQV DUH VHOHFWHGVWUXFWXUHGDQGPDGHDFFHVVLEOHE\WKHLUFUHDWRUVZLWKLQDVSHFLILFFRQWH[W±WKHSRHWLFV RIGRLQJKLVWRU\RXWOLQHGLQWKHSUHYLRXVFKDSWHUV7KHFDVHVVWXGLHGLQWKHSUHYLRXVFKDSWHUV KDYHKLJKOLJKWHGWKHFUHDWRUV DLPVFRQYHQWLRQVDQGVWUDWHJLHVIRUGRLQJKLVWRU\DWGLIIHUHQW

 $QWRQ.DHVFrom Hitler to Heimat: The Return of History as Film &DPEULGJH0$+DUYDUG 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV L[

    VWDJHV RI WKH SURGXFWLRQ SURFHVV 7KH DQDO\VLV RI WKHVH FDVHV KDV PDGH HYLGHQW WKH UROH RI WHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOVLQWKHLUPDQXIDFWXULQJRIPHPRU\DV x VLJQLI\LQJDJHQWVDFWLYHO\LQYROYHGLQSUDFWLFHVRIVHOHFWLRQDQGPHDQLQJPDNLQJ x LQGXVWULDODFWRUVZKRVHSUDFWLFHVDUHVKDSHGE\GLVWLQFWPRGHVRILQVWLWXWLRQDOLQWHUDFWLRQ RQ GLIIHUHQW OHYHOV LQ WKHLU ZRUN LQFOXGLQJ ORQJHVWDEOLVKHG IRUPV RI SXEOLF EURDGFDVWLQJDVZHOODVQHZPHGLDDQGGLJLWDOSUDFWLFHV x G\QDPLF DJHQWV RI KLVWRU\ LQ WKH UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ UHPHPEUDQFH DQG HGXFDWLRQ RI QDUUDWLYHVDERXWWKHSDVW 7KHDQDO\VLVKDVXQGHUVFRUHGLQWKHILUVWSODFHWKHLQIOXHQWLDOUROHRILQGLYLGXDOV±VXFKDV$G YDQ/LHPSW±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integrally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

 5LJQH\ 3OHQLWXGH6FDUFLW\DQGWKH&LUFXODWLRQRI&XOWXUDO0HPRU\  *HHUW0DN 0DN:LOOHP0HOFKLQJ]RHNWVSLMNHUVRSODDJZDWHU De Volkskrant'HFHPEHU 

  

LVDG\QDPLFSURFHVVRIFRQVWDQWFKDQJH±UHZULWLQJUHMHFWLQJSULYLOHJLQJDQGPDUJLQDOLVLQJ FHUWDLQPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHVRYHURWKHUV7KHDQDO\VHGFDVHVKDYHVKRZQKRZWHOHYLVLRQWRGD\ IXQFWLRQVDVDFRQWHPSRUDU\SUDFWLFHRIPHPRU\E\FRQWH[WXDOLVLQJKLVWRU\WKURXJKDQHWZRUN RIG\QDPLFDQGPHGLDWHGVFUHHQSUDFWLFHV±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storageDVPHGLDVWRUHFRQWHQWVRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\DQGPDNHWKHPDYDLODEOHDFURVVWLPH  circulationVLQFHPHGLDHQDEOHFXOWXUDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQDFURVVWLPHDQGVSDFHDQGGLVVHPLQDWH FRQWHQWVRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\ DVDtrigger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actively circulated PHPRU\WKDWNHHSVWKHSDVWSUHVHQWLVLGHQWLILHGDVWKH FDQRQ PDGHSHUFHSWLEOHWKURXJKSUDFWLFHVRIVHOHFWLRQYDOXHDQGGXUDWLRQPassively stored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

 .LUVWHQ'URWQHU 0HGLDWHG0HPRULHV5DGLR)LOPDQGWKH)RUPDWLRQRI

    GLVWLQFWLRQLVPDGHEHWZHHQactiveLQWHQWLRQDODFWVRIIRUJHWWLQJOLNHPDWHULDOGHVWUXFWLRQDQG passive QRQLQWHQWLRQDODFWVRIIRUJHWWLQJVXFKDVORVVDQGQHJOLJHQFH  

  )LJ0RGHO$VVPDQQ&XOWXUDOPHPRU\  7KHPRGHO 7HOHYLVLRQDV&XOWXUDO0HPRU\ >)LJ@RXWOLQHVWHOHYLVLRQDVDSUDFWLFH RIDFWLYHDQGSDVVLYHUHPHPEHULQJDQGIRUJHWWLQJ,QWKLVPRGHO,DGRSWDQGH[SDQG$VVPDQQ V WKHRU\ RI FDQRQ DQG DUFKLYH  LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WHOHYLVLRQ 7KH PRGHO PDNHV HYLGHQW KRZ WHOHYLVLRQDVFXOWXUDOPHPRU\RIIHUVPRUHG\QDPLFGLYHUVHIRUPVRIHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHSDVW WRGLIIHUHQWXVHUVDQGLQSDUWLFXODUDZLGHUUDQJHRIRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRGHYHORSVSHFLILFPHPRU\ SUDFWLFHVLQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUD  

 (UOO &XOWXUDO0HPRU\6WXGLHV$Q,QWURGXFWLRQ ± $VVPDQQ &DQRQDQG$UFKLYH 

  

  )LJ0RGHO+DJHGRRUQ7HOHYLVLRQDVDSUDFWLFHRIFXOWXUDOPHPRU\LQWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPHUD DGRSWLQJDQGH[SDQGLQJ$VVPDQQ VWKHRU\RI FDQRQDQGDUFKLYH 

    $VVPDQQ V RULJLQDO PRGHO QHHGV WR EH UHZRUNHG LQ D QXPEHU RI ZD\V WR PDS RXW FRQWHPSRUDU\ G\QDPLFV 5DWKHU WKDQ UHSUHVHQWLQJ DFWLYH DQG SDVVLYH UHPHPEHULQJ RU IRUJHWWLQJ RQRSSRVLWHVLGHVRIDVSHFWUXP)LJUHSUHVHQWVDPRUHdynamic spectrum7KH GLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRIDFWLYHDQGSDVVLYHHQJDJHPHQWZLWKWKHSDVWE\GLIIHUHQWXVHUVDUHPDGH YLVLEOH LQ YHUWLFDO UHODWLRQ WR RQH DQRWKHU , RXWOLQH different stages RI UHPHPEHULQJ DQG IRUJHWWLQJ IURPPRUHDQGPRVWDFWLYHWROHVVDQGOHDVWDFWLYHRUSDVVLYHFXOWXUDOSUDFWLFHV ,W LVLPSOLHGLQKRUL]RQWDOUHODWLRQVZKLFKVWDJHRIDFWLYHSDVVLYHUHPHPEHULQJLVPRUHVXVFHSWLEOH WRZKLFKVWDJHRIDFWLYHSDVVLYHIRUJHWWLQJ ZKLFKGRHVQRWPHDQLWLVLQYXOQHUDEOHWRRWKHU PRGHV RI IRUJHWWLQJ ,Q WKLV PDQQHU WKH PRGHO HPSKDVLVHV WKHFORVH FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ GLIIHUHQWIRUPVRIUHPHPEHULQJDQGIRUJHWWLQJDQGDPRUHQXDQFHGSHUVSHFWLYHRQWKHGHJUHH RIGLVFRQQHFWLRQ 'LIIHUHQWXVHUUROHVLQWKHDFWLYHFRQVWUXFWLRQRIDworking memory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±SULYDWHPHPRU\QDUUDWLYHV DXGLRYLVXDOIRRWDJHDQGFRPPHQWVRQWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQWYLDVRFLDORUSHUVRQDOPHGLDWRQDPH EXWDIHZIRUPVRIXVHULQWHUDFWLRQ )RU H[DPSOH GLJLWDO WKHPDWLF FKDQQHOV VXFK DV WKH NPO Doc SODWIRUP DQG WKH NostalgieNet FKDQQHOKDYHVKRZQWKHFLUFXODWLRQRIWHOHYLVXDOFRQWHQWDVDSUDFWLFHRIFXOWXUDO PHPRU\7KLVLQFOXGHVDG\QDPLFVSHFWUXPRIDFWLYHDQGSDVVLYHIRUPVRIUHPHPEHULQJIURP WKH VHOHFWLRQ DQG UHIUDPLQJ RI PHPRU\ PDWHULDOV WR SURYLGLQJ DFFHVV WR D UHSHUWRLUH RI FRQQHFWHGWH[WV7KHFDVHRINostalgieNet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

 ,ELG

  

RUQHJDWLRQ)RUPVRIXVHULQWHUDFWLRQFDQDOVRUHFHGHLQWRWKHFDQRQIRULQVWDQFHE\WHOHYLVLRQ XVHUVRIIHULQJVXJJHVWLRQVIRUGRFXPHQWDULHVYLD)DFHERRN:KHQFRQWHQWUHPDLQVDFFHVVLEOH DVUHIHUHQFHPHPRU\ E\UHFHGLQJLQWRWKHUHSHUWRLUHWHFKQRORJLFDOLQFRPSDWLELOLW\DVDPRUH SDVVLYHIRUPRIIRUJHWWLQJFDQDOVRLPSHGHXSRQWKHDFFHVVWRWKHPXOWLSODWIRUPUHSRVLWRU\ ,QFRQWUDVWWR$VVPDQQ VRULJLQDOPRGHO,GLVWLQJXLVKEHWZHHQWZRGLIIHUHQWIRUPVRI reference memory. 7KH DUFKLYH IXQFWLRQVDVWKHVWRUHKRXVHIRUDFFXPXODWLRQDQGSUHVHUYDWLRQ RIDXGLRYLVXDODUFKLYDOPDWHULDOVDQGNQRZOHGJHWKHUHRILQFOXGLQJGLJLWLVDWLRQSUDFWLFHVDQG WKHVWRULQJRIDSSDUDWXVHVWRVFUHHQRUSOD\SDUWLFXODUDXGLRYLVXDOFRQWHQW+RZHYHULQWKH PXOWLSODWIRUPHUDZHFDQFRQVLGHUDQRWKHUGLVWLQFWPRGHRIUHIHUHQFHPHPRU\IRUWHOHYLVLRQ 'LDQD7D\ORUKDVPDGHDXVHIXOGLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHIL[HGUHODWLYHO\VWDEOHREMHFWVLQWKH DUFKLYHDQG WKHVRFDOOHGHSKHPHUDOUHSHUWRLUHRIHPERGLHGSUDFWLFHNQRZOHGJH LHVSRNHQ ODQJXDJHGDQFHVSRUWVULWXDO $V(UOOKDVDOVRSRLQWHGRXW$VVPDQQIRFXVHVRQWKHXVHVRI PQHPRQLFPDWHULDOZKLOVW7D\ORUGUDZVDWWHQWLRQWRWKHVSHFLILFPHGLDOLW\RIVXFKPDWHULDOV 7D\ORU V GHILQLWLRQ RI WKH FRQFHSW UHSHUWRLUH  DOOXGHV PRUH WR HPERGLHG SUDFWLFHV DQG SHUIRUPDQFHV «DOO WKRVH DFWV XVXDOO\ WKRXJKW RI DV HSKHPHUDO QRQUHSURGXFLEOH NQRZOHGJH  KRZHYHU,XVHWKHFRQFHSWUHSHUWRLUHWRPDNHYLVLEOHKRZWHOHYLVLRQDVFXOWXUDO PHPRU\UHSUHVHQWVDPRUHG\QDPLFIRUPRIaccess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disregard7KLVLVSDUWLFXODUO\DSRVVLELOLW\IRUWKHUHSHUWRLUHZKLFKLVOHVV IL[HGDQGPRUHOLNHO\WRFKDQJHRUEHSURQHWRGHSUHFDWHGWHFKQRORJLHVLQFRPSDULVRQWRWKH DUFKLYHDVVWRUHKRXVH&RPSDUDEOHWR$VVPDQQ VPRGHOPDWHULDOUHOLFVDUHWKHPRVWSDVVLYH IRUPRIIRUJHWWLQJDVneglectDQGPDWHULDOGHVWUXFWLRQLVWKHPRVWDFWLYHIRUPRIIRUJHWWLQJDV negationRUdestruction +RZHYHU PDWHULDO UHPRYDO LV DQRWKHU LPSRUWDQW IRUP RI DFWLYH IRUJHWWLQJDVomission7KLVLQFOXGHVPRUHRUOHVVDFWLYHGHFLVLRQVE\WHOHYLVLRQSURIHVVLRQDOV LQnot VHOHFWLQJSDUWLFXODUFRQWHQWIRUWKHVPDOOVFUHHQ,WDOVRLQFOXGHVWKHUHGXFHGFLUFXODWLRQ RIWHOHYLVXDOFRQWHQWRQDGLJLWDOWKHPDWLFFKDQQHOGXHWRDOLPLWHGQXPEHURIDXWKRULVHGUHSHDWV DVZHOOFRQWHQWPDGHDYDLODEOHRQOLQHIRUDOLPLWHGSHULRG+LVWRULFDOQDUUDWLYHVDQGPHPRULHV WUDQVPLWWHGWKURXJKDUFKLYHEDVHGDQGGRFXPHQWDU\WHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPHVQRWRQO\UHSUHVHQW EXWDOVRKHOSWRSUHVHUYHWKHSDVW±ZKLFKLQYROYHVG\QDPLFSUDFWLFHVRIERWKDFWLYHDQGSDVVLYH UHPHPEHULQJandIRUJHWWLQJ 7KHDQDO\VHGFDVHVKDYHSURYLGHGDQLQVLJKWLQWRKRZKLVWRU\SURJUDPPLQJworks DVD SUDFWLFH RI PHPRU\ DQG LV WKH HQGUHVXOW RI SURFHVVHV RI QHJRWLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WHOHYLVLRQ  'LDQD7D\ORUThe Archive and the Repertoire: Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas 'XUKDP'XNH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ± (UOOMemory in Culture 7D\ORUThe Archive and the Repertoire

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±ZKLFKLVDV VXFKQRWLQSODFHLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV±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

 3ODWHDQG6PHOLN6WXUNHQ 6HHDOVR*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU&5ROOLQVHGVTelevision Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media Age /H[LQJWRQ.<8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRI.HQWXFN\ 

  

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

  

%LEOLRJUDSK\

$DOGHUV*HUDUGRoof: de ontvreemding van joods bezit tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog7KH +DJXH6GX $DQGHHOOLQHDLUWYNLMNHQ]DNWQDDUYDQWRWDOHNLMNWLMG Telecompaper6HSWHPEHU KWWSZZZWHOHFRPSDSHUFRPQLHXZVDDQGHHOOLQHDLUWYNLMNHQ]DNWQDDU YDQWRWDOHNLMNWLMG $ERXW175 NTR Website$FFHVVHG0D\KWWSZZZQWUQOVLWHWHNVWDERXWQWU $OOHQ&UDLJ 7HOHYLVLRQ%URDGFDVW5HFRUGV ,QMethods of Historical Analysis in Electronic MediaHGLWHGE\'RQDOG**RGIUH\±0DKZDK1-/DZUHQFH(UOEDXP $VVRFLDWHV $QGHUH7LMGHQ Nipkowschijf Homepage1RYHPEHUKWWSZZZQLSNRZVFKLMIQO $QGHUVRQ&KULVWRSKHUDQG0LFKDHO&XUWLQ :ULWLQJ&XOWXUDO+LVWRU\7KH&KDOOHQJHRI 5DGLRDQG7HOHYLVLRQ ,QMedia History: Theories, Methods, AnalysisHGLWHGE\1LHOV %UJJHUDQG6¡UHQ.ROVWUXS±$DUKXV$DUKXV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV $QGHUVRQ6WHYH +LVWRU\79DQG3RSXODU0HPRU\ ,QTelevision Histories: Shaping Collective Memory in the Media AgeHGLWHGE\*DU\5(GJHUWRQDQG3HWHU&5ROOLQV ±/H[LQJWRQ.<8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRI.HQWXFN\ $QGHUVRQ7LP +RZL3OD\HU:LOO%HFRPH2XU3OD\HUIRU

  

²²² 5H)UDPLQJ0HPRU\%HWZHHQ,QGLYLGXDODQG&ROOHFWLYH)RUPVRI&RQVWUXFWLQJWKH 3DVW ,QPerforming the Past: Memory, History and Identity in Modern EuropeHGLWHG E\.DULQ7LOPDQV)UDQNYDQ9UHHDQG-D\:LQWHU±$PVWHUGDP$PVWHUGDP 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ²²² 7KH+RORFDXVWíD*OREDO0HPRU\"([WHQVLRQVDQG/LPLWVRID1HZ0HPRU\ &RPPXQLW\ ,QMemory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and Trajectories HGLWHGE\$OHLGD$VVPDQQDQG6HEDVWLDQ&RQUDG±%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH 0DFPLOODQ $XGLRYLVXDO0HGLD6HUYLFHV $06 'LUHFWLYH EUR-Lex-XQHKWWSHXU OH[HXURSDHXOHJDOFRQWHQW(11/$//"XUL 85,6(59DP %DOEL*DEULHOHDQG0DVVLPR6FDJOLRQLHGV &RQYHUJHQW7HOHYLVLRQ V VIEW Journal of European Television History and CultureQR   KWWSYLHZMRXUQDOHXLQGH[SKSYLHZLVVXHYLHZ %DO0LHNH ,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QActs of Memory: Cultural Recall in the PresentHGLWHGE\0LHNH %DO-RQDWKDQ9&UHZHDQG/HR6SLW]HUYLL±[YLL+DQRYHU1+8QLYHUVLW\3UHVVRI 1HZ(QJODQG %DOWXVVHQ/RWWH%HOLFH-DDS%ORP/HwOD0HGMNRXQH5DGX3RS-DVPLMQYDQ*RUS+XJR +XXUGHPDQDQG/HLGL+DDLMHU +DUG&RQWHQW)DE)URQW(QG$UFKLYLQJ:HEVLWHVRI 'XWFK3XEOLF%URDGFDVWHUV Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information IssuesQR  ±GRL$/; %HDWWLH.HLWKDocumentary Screens: Non-Fiction Film and Television1HZ

    ²²² 

  

%XUNH:HQG\ $'XWFK2FFXSDWLRQ7KH5HSUHVHQWDWLRQRI:RUOG:DU7ZRLQ)LOPVIURP WKH1HWKHUODQGVWR 3K'.LQJ V&ROOHJH %XUUL0LUDPublic Service Broadcasting 3.0: Legal Design for the Digital Present1HZ

    ²²² 7KH-R\RI7H[W"7HOHYLVLRQDQG7H[WXDO$QDO\VLV Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television StudiesQR  ± GRL&67 &URHV0DUQL[7KRPDVDQG3LHWHU-RKDQQHV5XGROI7DPPHV *LIODWHQZLMQLHW YRRUWEHVWDDQHHQRQGHU]RHNQDDUGHRYHUOHYLQJVNDQVHQYDQMRGHQLQGH1HGHUODQGVH JHPHHQWHQ± 3K'5DGERXG8QLYHUVLW\ KWWSVZZZUXJQOUHVHDUFKSRUWDOSXEOLFDWLRQVJLIODWHQZLMQLHW YRRUWEHVWDDQEDHGHEHGHIEIGHKWPO 'H*URRW-HURPHConsuming History: Historians and Heritage in Contemporary Popular Culture/RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 'H+DDQ,GR )DLOXUHVDQG0LVWDNHV,PDJHVRI&ROODERUDWLRQLQ3RVW:DU'XWFK6RFLHW\ ,Q Collaboration with the Nazis: Public Discourse after the HolocaustHGLWHGE\5RQL 6WDXEHU±/RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 'H-RQJ/RHHerinneringen7KH+DJXH6GX ²²²Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog [The Kingdom of the Netherlands in World War II]7KH+DJXH6GX 'H/HHXZ6RQMD (XURSHDQ7HOHYLVLRQ+LVWRU\2QOLQH+LVWRU\DQG&KDOOHQJHV VIEW Journal of European Television History and CultureQR  ± ²²² +RHNRPHQZLMLQEHHOG"&XOWXXUKLVWRULVFKHDVSHFWHQYDQGH1HGHUODQGVHWHOHYLVLH  ,QDXJXUDO/HFWXUH8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\1RYHPEHU ²²²Televisiedrama: podium voor identiteit. Een onderzoek naar de relatie tussen omroepidentiteit en Nederlands televisiedrama, 1969–1988$PVWHUGDP2WWR &UDPZLQFNHO ²²² 7HOHYLVLHHQDFWLHISXEOLHN± ,QEen eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGLWHGE\%HUW+RJHQNDPS 6RQMDGH/HHXZDQG+XXE:LMIMHV±+LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG ²²² 7HOHYLVLHYHUELQGWHQYHUGHHOW± ,QEen eeuw van beeld en geluid: cultuurgeschiedenis van radio en televisie in NederlandHGLWHGE\%HUW+RJHQNDPS 6RQMDGH/HHXZDQG+XXE:LMIMHV±+LOYHUVXP%HHOGHQ*HOXLG ²²² 7HOHYLVLRQ)LFWLRQDQG&XOWXUDO'LYHUVLW\6WUDWHJLHVIRU&XOWXUDO&KDQJH ,Q European Film and Media CultureHGLWHGE\/HQQDUG+¡MEMHUJDQG+HQULN 6¡QGHUJDDUG±&RSHQKDJHQ0XVHXP7XVFXODQXP3UHVV ²²² 9DQWRYHUVSLHJHOWRWGURRPIDEULHN1HGHUODQGVWHOHYLVLHGUDPD ,QOmroep in Nederland: vijfenzeventig jaar medium en maatschappij, 1919–1994HGLWHGE\+XXE :LMIMHVDQG(ULF6PXOGHUV±=ZROOH:DDQGHUV 'H0RRU-DDSGeneraal Spoor: triomf en tragiek van een legercommandant$PVWHUGDP %RRP 'HQD&KULVW\ 7UDQVPHGLD3UDFWLFH7KHRULVLQJWKH3UDFWLFHRI([SUHVVLQJD)LFWLRQDO:RUOG DFURVV'LVWLQFW0HGLDDQG(QYLURQPHQWV 3K'8QLYHUVLW\RI6\GQH\ KWWSFLUHWWUDQVGLVFLSOLQDULW\RUJELEOLRELEOLRBSGI&KULVW\B'HDQ7UDQVPSGI 'HRRJVW Varagids Homepage$FFHVVHG-XQH KWWSYDUDJLGVYDUDQOLQGH[SKS"LG  'HSXEOLHNHRPURHSYHUWHOWMRXZYHUKDDO Nederlandse Publieke Omroep Homepage $FFHVVHG-XQHKWWSMRXZYHUKDDOSXEOLHNHRPURHSQO

  

'HWLMGPDFKLQHGLHWHOHYLVLHKHHW Zie van Ziggo 'HWLMGVWDDWRSHQ$GYLHVYRRUHHQWRHNRPVWEHVWHQGLJH3XEOLHNH2PURHS 'HQ+DDJ5DDG YRRU&XOWXXU0DUFK KWWSVZZZULMNVRYHUKHLGQOGRFXPHQWHQUDSSRUWHQGHWLMGVWDDWRSHQ 'H=ZDUWH:DOYLVFK.ODDUWMHAlles ging aan flarden: het oorlogsdagboek van Klaartje de Zwarte-Walvisch$PVWHUGDP%DODQV 'RDQH0DU\$QQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ&ULVLV&DWDVWURSKH ,QLogics of Television: Essays in Cultural CriticismHGLWHGE\3DWULFLD0HOOHQFDPS±7KHRULHVRI&RQWHPSRUDU\ &XOWXUH%ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 'RFXPHQWDLUHUHHNV9352WUHNWYHHONLMNHUV Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP) )HEUXDU\ 'URWQHU.LUVWHQ 0HGLDWHG0HPRULHV5DGLR)LOPDQGWKH)RUPDWLRQRI

    (QOL*XQQ6DUD 5HGHILQLQJ3XEOLF6HUYLFH%URDGFDVWLQJ0XOWL3ODWIRUP3DUWLFLSDWLRQ  Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies QR  ±GRL (SS.DWKOHHQ 7HOOLQJ6WRULHVDURXQGWKH(OHFWURQLF&DPSILUH7KH8VHRI$UFKLYHVLQ 7HOHYLVLRQ3URGXFWLRQV Archivaria  ± (UOO$VWULG &XOWXUDO0HPRU\6WXGLHV$Q,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QCultural Memory Studies: An International and Interdisciplinary HandbookHGLWHGE\$VWULG(UOO$QVJDU1QQLQJ DQG6DUD%

  

*UDLQJH3DXOHGEphemeral Media: Transitory Screen Culture from Television to YouTube %DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ *UD\$QQDQG(ULQ%HOOHistory on Television1HZ

    +HDWK6WHSKHQ 5HSUHVHQWLQJ7HOHYLVLRQ ,QLogics of Television: Essays in Cultural CriticismHGLWHGE\3DWULFLD0HOOHQFDPS±%ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV +HWSXEOLHNYRRURS&RQFHVVLHEHOHLGVSODQ± +LOYHUVXP132 +LEEHUG-DPHV 6XUSULVH)DQ5HDFWLRQWR/HDNHGLost+RXU0DQ\9LHZHUV5HIXVLQJWR :DWFK2QOLQH:DLWLQJIRU79$LULQJ The Hollywood Reporter.com)HEUXDU\ KWWSZZZKROO\ZRRGUHSRUWHUFRPKUFRQWHQWBGLVSOD\WHOHYLVLRQQHZV HLGHFEFDIFE +LOO$QQHWWHHGRestyling Factual TV: Audiences and News, Documentary and Reality Genres1HZ

  

+X\VVHQ$QGUHDVPresent Pasts: Urban Palimpsests and the Politics of Memory6WDQIRUG &DOLIRUQLD6WDQIRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV -DDUSHUVEHULFKWNLMNFLMIHUV Stichting Kijkonderzoek-DQXDU\ KWWSVNLMNRQGHU]RHNQOLPDJHV-DDUSHUVEHULFKWHQ-DDUSHUVEHULFKWBSGI -DPHVRQ)UHGULFPostmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism3RVW &RQWHPSRUDU\,QWHUYHQWLRQV'XUKDP1&'XNH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV -DQVHQ+HQGULNV*HUGD %HZRJHQYHUOHGHQHHQZHNHOLMNVJHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD  'HFHPEHU ²²² (HQYRRUEHHOGLJHNRORQLH1HGHUODQGV,QGLsLQMDDURYHUKHLGVILOPV± >$Q,PDJLQHG&RORQ\7KH'XWFK(DVW,QGLHVLQILOPVFRPPLVVLRQHGE\WKH'XWFK DXWKRULWLHV±@ 3K'8QLYHUVLW\RI$PVWHUGDP ²²² (HQYRRUW]HWWLQJYDQGHGLVFXVVLHRYHU2979 -DQXDU\ ²²² +RZWR3UHVHQW5LRWV7KDW+DYH1RW%HHQ)LOPHG ,QThe Historian, Television and Television History: A CollectionHGLWHGE\*UDKDP5REHUWVDQG3KLOLS07D\ORU± /XWRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI/XWRQ3UHVV ²²² 0HHUGDQSDSLHU±KHWDUFKLHILQ$QGHUH7LMGHQ /HFWXUHSUHVHQWHGDWWKH.9$1 VWXGLHPLGGDJ $UFKLHYHQHQ-RXUQDOLVWLHN ,QWHUQDWLRQDDO3HUVFHQWUXP1LHXZVSRRUW 'HQ+DDJ-XO\ ²²² =XLGHU]HHEDOODGHHHQSURJUDPPDRYHUGH1HGHUODQGVHJHVFKLHGHQLV ,QWHUQDO GRFXPHQW 1RYHPEHU -HQNLQV+HQU\Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide1HZ

    -XVWLWLHRQGHU]RHNWYHUQHGHULQJRSIHHVW)HXWHQDFWHXUV De Volkskrant$SULO KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOELQQHQODQGMXVWLWLHRQGHU]RHNWYHUQHGHULQJRSIHHVWIHXWHQ DFWHXUVaD .DFNPDQ0LFKDHO0DUQLH%LQILHOG0DWWKHZ7KRPDV3D\QH$OOLVRQ3HUOPDQDQG%U\DQ 6HERNHGVFlow TV: Television in the Age of Media Convergence1HZ

  

.XKQ$QQHWWH $-RXUQH\WKURXJK0HPRU\ ,QMemory and MethodologyHGLWHGE\ 6XVDQQDK5DGVWRQH±2[IRUG%HUJ ²²²An Everyday Magic: Cinema and Cultural Memory/RQGRQ,%7DXULV /DQGVEHUJ$OLVRQProsthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture1HZ

    0HOOHQFDPS3DWULFLDHGLogics of Television: Essays in Cultural Criticism%ORRPLQJWRQ ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ²²² 797LPHDQG&DWDVWURSKHRU%H\RQGWKH3OHDVXUH3ULQFLSOHRI7HOHYLVLRQ ,QLogics of Television: Essays in Cultural CriticismHGLWHGE\3DWULFLD0HOOHQFDPS± %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 0LOOHU7RE\ 7HOHYLVLRQ,QVWLWXWLRQV ,QTelevision Studies: The BasicsHGLWHGE\7RE\ 0LOOHU±/RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 0LQGHUGRFXPHQWDLUHVELM3XEOLHNH2PURHS Holland Doc Homepage0DUFK KWWSZZZKROODQGGRFQOQLHXZVPDDUW0LQGHUGRFXPHQWDLUHVELM3XEOLHNH 2PURHSKWPO 0LWWHOO-DVRQComplex TV: The Poetics of Contemporary Television Storytelling1HZ

  

1HZFRPE+RUDFH0DQG3DXO0+LUVFK 7HOHYLVLRQDVD&XOWXUDO)RUXP,PSOLFDWLRQVIRU 5HVHDUFK Quarterly Review of Film StudiesQR  ± GRL 1LFKRODV6LDQ7RP2 0DOOH\DQG.HYLQ:LOOLDPVHGVReconstructing the Past: History in the Mass Media 1890–2005/RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 1LFKROV%LOOBlurred Boundaries: Questions of Meaning in Contemporary Culture %ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ²²²Introduction to Documentary%ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV ²²²Representing Reality: Issues and Concepts in Documentary%ORRPLQJWRQ,QGLDQD 8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 1LHXZH0HGLDZHWPHWUXLPHPHHUGHUKHLGDDQJHQRPHQ De Volkskrant2FWREHU KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOPHGLDQLHXZHPHGLDZHWPHWUXLPHPHHUGHUKHLG DDQJHQRPHQaD 1LNNHO-HURHQDQG0DUOLHVYDQ%HUJHQ *I.MDDUJLGVXLWJHVWHOGWHOHYLVLHNLMNHQ  $PVWHOYHHQDQG%UXVVHOV*I.%HQHOX[KWWSSXEOLFDWLRQVJINQO" YLHZ MDDUJLGV[PO 1ROO$0LFKDHOTelevision Technology: Fundamentals and Future Prospects1RUZRRG 0$$UWHFK+RXVH 1RRWHU0DDUWHQDQG$GYDQ/LHPSW $QGHUH7LMGHQ6SRUWGHUGHYHUVLH )HEUXDU\ 1RUD3LHUUH %HWZHHQ0HPRU\DQG+LVWRU\/HV/LHX[GH0pPRLUH Representations  ± 132'RFGDQNEDDUYRRUVWHXQEHWXLJLQJHQNLMNHUV NPO Doc Homepage'HFHPEHU KWWSZZZQSRGRFQOQLHXZVQSRGRFGDQNEDDUKWPO 132'RFLQJHVSUHNPHW&XOWXUDRYHUIXVLHNDQDDO NPO Doc Homepage-XQH KWWSZZZQSRGRFQOQLHXZVUHDJHHU 132LQYHVWHHUWVWUXFWXUHHOLQGUDPDHQGRFXPHQWDLUH NPO Homepage2FWREHU KWWSZZZQSRQORYHUQSRDFWXHHOQSRLQYHVWHHUWVWUXFWXUHHOLQGUDPDHQ GRFXPHQWDLUH 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 136-DDUYHUVODJ +LOYHUVXP136 175+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG2FWREHUKWWSZZZQWUQO 1XFKHOPDQV$QGUp 3XEOLHNHRPURHSHQHQGLJLWDOHSODWIRUPHQ(HQEOLNRSKHWYHUOHGHQHQ RSGHWRHNRPVW BoekmanQR   2(&'%URDGEDQG6WDWLVWLFV8SGDWH OECD Homepage-XO\ KWWSZZZRHFGRUJVWLEURDGEDQGEURDGEDQGVWDWLVWLFVXSGDWHKWP

    2QNHQKRXW3DXO -RQJHUHQKHEEHQWYQLHWPHHUQRGLJ De Volkskrant2FWREHU KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOPHGLDMRQJHUHQKHEEHQWYQLHWPHHUQRGLJaD 2QOLQHGLHQVWHQYRRU]LHQLQPHGLDEHKRHIWHQ Emerce$XJXVW KWWSZZZHPHUFHQOQLHXZVRQOLQHGLHQVWHQYRRU]LHQPHGLDEHKRHIWH 2 6XOOLYDQ7LP 7HOHYLVLRQ0HPRULHVDQG&XOWXUHVRI9LHZLQJ± ,QPopular Television in Britain: Studies in Cultural HistoryHGLWHGE\-RKQ&RUQHU± /RQGRQ%ULWLVK)LOP,QVWLWXWH 2YHUGH93520LVVLH VPRO Homepage$FFHVVHG-XQHKWWSZZZYSURQO RYHUGHYSURPLVVLHKWPO 2YHUOHYLQJVNDQVHQSHUJHPHHQWH De oorlog Weblog KWWSGHRRUORJQSVQOSDJHPDSSHQ2YHUOHYLQJVNDQVHQSHUJHPHHQWH 3DJHW'HUHNNo Other Way to Tell It: Docudrama on Film and Television0DQFKHVWHU 0DQFKHVWHU8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 3DMDOD0DUL 7HOHYLVLRQDVDQ$UFKLYHRI0HPRULHV"&XOWXUDO0HPRU\DQG,WV/LPLWVRQWKH )LQQLVK3XEOLF6HUYLFH%URDGFDVWHU V2QOLQH$UFKLYH Critical Studies in Television QR  ±GRL&67 3DSDWKDQDVVRSRXORV6W\OLDQRVEuropean Television in the Digital Age: Issues, Dynamics and Realities&DPEULGJH3ROLW\3UHVV 3HDUVRQ5REHUWD( /RVWLQ7UDQVLWLRQ)URP3RVW1HWZRUNWR3RVW7HOHYLVLRQ ,QQuality TV: Contemporary American Television and BeyondHGLWHGE\-DQHW0F&DEHDQG .LP$NDVV±/RQGRQ,%7DXULV ²²² 0HPRU\ ,QCritical Dictionary of Film and Television TheoryHGLWHGE\5REHUWD( 3HDUVRQDQG3KLOLS6LPSVRQ/RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 3HDUVRQ5REHUWD(DQG$QWKRQ\16PLWKHGVStorytelling in the Media Convergence Age: Exploring Screen Narratives%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 3HUVEHULFKW216'H=HQGHU9RRU3OXVVHUV NostalgieNet Homepage$FFHVVHG 6HSWHPEHUKWWSZZZQRVWDOJLHQHWQOSHUVRQV 3HWHUV-RKQ'XUKDP :LWQHVVLQJ Media, Culture & SocietyQR  ± GRL 3ODWH/LHGHNHDQG$QQHNH6PHOLNHGVTechnologies of Memory in the Arts%DVLQJVWRNH 3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 3XãQLN0DUXãD 'RFXPHQWDULHVDQG0HGLDWHG3RSXODU+LVWRULHV6KDSLQJ0HPRULHVDQG ,PDJHVRI6ORYHQLD V3DVW ,QTechnologies of Memory in the ArtsHGLWHGE\/LHGHNH 3ODWHDQG$QQHNH6PHOLN±%DVLQJVWRNH3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 3XWPDQ6WDQ *HZUDDNWHLQWHUQHWSODQQHQ132VWHUNDIJH]ZDNW De Volkskrant-XQH KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOWHOHYLVLHJHZUDDNWHLQWHUQHWSODQQHQQSRVWHUN DIJH]ZDNWaD 5DGVWRQH6XVDQQDK :RUNLQJZLWK0HPRU\$Q,QWURGXFWLRQ ,QMemory and Methodology HGLWHGE\6XVDQQDK5DGVWRQH±2[IRUG%HUJ 5LFKDUGVRQ.D\DQG8OULNH+DQQD0HLQKRIWorlds in Common? Television Discourse in a Changing Europe/RQGRQ5RXWOHGJH 5LJQH\$QQ 3OHQLWXGH6FDUFLW\DQGWKH&LUFXODWLRQRI&XOWXUDO0HPRU\ Journal of European StudiesQR  ±GRL

  

²²²The Rhetoric of Historical Representation: Three Narrative Histories of the French Revolution&DPEULGJH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV 5REHUWV*UDKDPDQG3KLOLS07D\ORUThe Historian, Television and Television History: A Collection/XWRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI/XWRQ3UHVV 5RHORIV:RXW Geschiedenis24HQWRHEHKRUHQGHSURJUDPPD VRS7ZLWWHU %$8WUHFKW 8QLYHUVLW\ 5RJHUV0DUN&0LFKDHO(SVWHLQDQG-LPPLH/5HHYHV 7+(6235$126DV+%2%UDQG (TXLW\7KH$UWRI&RPPHUFHLQWKH$JHRI'LJLWDO5HSURGXFWLRQ ,QThis Thing of Ours: Investigating THE SOPRANOSHGLWHGE\'DYLG/DYHU\±1HZ

    6LQNH2QQR 2QGHUOLQJVWULMGHQGYRRUGHJRHGH]DDN5DGLR2UDQMHHQ'H%UDQGDULV  Tijdschrift voor mediageschiedenisQR  ± 6REFKDFN9LYLDQ&DURO ,QWURGXFWLRQ+LVWRU\+DSSHQV ,QThe Persistence of History: Cinema, Television, and the Modern EventHGLWHGE\9LYLDQ&DURO6REFKDFN± 1HZ

  

7XEHOOD,PPD 7HOHYLVLRQDQGWKH,QWHUQHWLQWKH&RQVWUXFWLRQRI,GHQWLW\ ,QThe Network Society: From Knowledge to PolicyHGLWHGE\0DQXHO&DVWHOOVDQG*XVWDYR&DUGRVR ±:DVKLQJWRQ'&-RKQV+RSNLQV&HQWHUIRU7UDQVDWODQWLF5HODWLRQV 7XUQHU*UDHPHDQG-LQQD7D\HGVTelevision Studies After TV: Understanding Television in the Post-Broadcast Era/RQGRQDQG1HZ

    9DQ(LMN1LFRDQG%DUWYDQGHU6ORRW +RZ7HOHYLVLRQ:HQW'LJLWDOLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV  Mapping Digital Media: Reference Series  ± 9DQ(V$QD :LHEHWDDOWGHUHNHQLQJLQ+LOYHUVXP"$QDO\VHVFHQDULRYDQRPURHSHQ]HOI VWDDWRSORVVHVFKURHYHQ De Volkskrant-XQH 9DQ(V.DULQ 7KH3DUDGR[RI/LYHQHVV)URPWKH%URDGFDVW0HGLD(UDWRWKH6RFLDO0HGLD (UD 3K'8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\ 9DQ+RXVH1DQF\DQG(OL]DEHWK)&KXUFKLOO 7HFKQRORJLHVRI0HPRU\.H\,VVXHVDQG &ULWLFDO3HUVSHFWLYHV Memory StudiesQR  ± GRL 9DQ/LHPSW$G $QGHUH7LMGHQ 1RYHPEHU ²²²HGAndere Tijden$PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ ²²²HGAndere Tijden III: Nieuwe inzichten in oude kwesties$PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ  ²²²HGAndere Tijden IV: Sterke verhalen, die nog waar zijn ook$PVWHUGDP/- 9HHQ ²²²HGAndere Tijden: Nieuwe verhalen over vroeger$PVWHUGDP/-9HHQ ²²² $YRQWXXU De oorlog Weblog'HFHPEHU KWWSGHRRUORJQSVQOZHEORJDYRQWXXU ²²²De oorlog$PVWHUGDP%DODQV ²²² 'H6WRULDQRWLWLH -XO\ ²²² +HWJHKHLPYDQKHWKLVWRULVFKEHHOG 3XEOLF/HFWXUH8QLYHUVLW\RI$PVWHUGDP -DQXDU\ ²²² -HPRHWKHW]RVHFPRJHOLMNSUHVHQWHUHQ Het Parool0D\ ²²² 3HUVRQDOPHPR $SULO 9DQ/LHU+HOHHQ ,QYORHG1HWIOL[RSWYYHHOJURWHUGDQJHGDFKW De Volkskrant-XO\ KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOELQQHQODQGLQYORHGQHWIOL[RSWYYHHOJURWHUGDQ JHGDFKWaD 9DQ6RHVW7KLMV 132]HWPHVLQRQJHEUHLGHOGRQOLQHDDQERG De Volkskrant$SULO KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOWHFKQSR]HWPHVLQRQJHEUHLGHOGRQOLQH DDQERGaD 9DQ9UHH)UDQN 7HOHYLVLHHQGHJHVFKLHGVFKULMYLQJYDQGH7ZHHGH:HUHOGRRUORJ  Theoretische GeschiedenisQR  ± 9HUELQGHQYHUULMNHQYHUUDVVHQ&RQFHVVLHEHOHLGVSODQ± +LOYHUVXP132 9HUHG.DUHQ2UU 7HOHYLVXDO$HVWKHWLFVLQ<.)URP:LQGRZVRQWKH:RUOGWRD:LQGRZV ,QWHUIDFH Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media TechnologiesQR  ±GRL 9RV&KULVTelevisie en bezetting: een onderzoek naar de documentaire verbeelding van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederland+LOYHUVXP9HUORUHQ :DDOGLMN%HUWHNH 7DOHQQDDUFXOWXXUEXUJHUVFKDSHQGHOHWWHUHQVWXGLHV ,QDXJXUDO/HFWXUH 8WUHFKW8QLYHUVLW\2FWREHU :DOHV$QQH 7HOHYLVLRQDV+LVWRU\+LVWRU\DV7HOHYLVLRQ ,QTelevision and Criticism HGLWHGE\6RODQJH'DYLQDQG5KRQD-DFNVRQ±%ULVWRO,QWHOOHFW

  

:DWHUYDO'LUN 0RELHOHQLHXZVJHEUXLNHUVYROJHQQLHXZVDOVVRDS(HQQLHXZJH]LFKW De Volkskrant0D\KWWSZZZYRONVNUDQWQOZHWHQVFKDSPRELHOH QLHXZVJHEUXLNHUVYROJHQQLHXZVDOVVRDSaD :HONRP%LM216 ONS Homepage$FFHVVHG6HSWHPEHUKWWSNLMNELMRQVQO EURFKXUHLQGH[KWPOSDJH :KHDWOH\+HOHQRe-Viewing Television History: Critical Issues in Television Historiography/RQGRQ,%7DXULV :KLWH+D\GHQ +LVWRULRJUDSK\DQG+LVWRULRSKRW\ The American Historical ReviewQR   ±GRL ²²² 7KH0RGHUQLVW(YHQW ,QThe Persistence of History: Cinema, Television, and the Modern EventHGLWHGE\9LYLDQ&DURO6REFKDFN±1HZ

  

0HGLRJUDSK\ /LVWRI0XOWLPHGLD0DWHULDOV 

7HOHYLVLRQILOPDQGUDGLR

13 in de oorlog >13 at War@MHXJGJHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>\RXWKKLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@HSLVRGH  (HQVWDGLQEUDQG > $7RZQRQ)LUH @GLUV0DUFHO*RHGKDUW9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ 1362FWREHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH 'HEH]HWWLQJ > 7KH2FFXSDWLRQ @GLUV0DUFHO*RHGKDUW 9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ1361RYHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH 16% > 'XWFK1DWLRQDO6RFLDOLVW0RYHPHQW @GLUV+HLQ +RIIPDQQ9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ1361RYHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH (QJHODQG > (QJODQG @GLUV0DUFHO*RHGKDUW9LQFHQW 6FKXXUPDQ1361RYHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH 9HUUDDGHQYHU]HW > %HWUD\DODQG5HVLVWDQFH @GLUV 0DUFHO*RHGKDUW9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ1361RYHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@ HSLVRGH  -RGHQ  > -HZV @ GLUV +HLQ +RIIPDQQ 9LQFHQW 6FKXXUPDQ1361RYHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH *HZDSHQGYHU]HW > $UPHG5HVLVWDQFH @GLUV0DUFHO *RHGKDUW9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ136'HFHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH 9HUQLHWLJLQJ > 'HVWUXFWLRQ @GLUV+HLQ+RIIPDQQ 9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ136'HFHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH $UQKHP > $UQKHP @GLUV0DUFHO*RHGKDUW9LQFHQW 6FKXXUPDQ136'HFHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH +RQJHUZLQWHU > :LQWHURI6WDUYDWLRQ @GLUV+HLQ +RIIPDQQ9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ136'HFHPEHU 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH ,QGLs > 7KH'XWFK(DVW,QGLHV @GLUV+HLQ+RIIPDQQ 9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ136-DQXDU\ 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH %HYULMGLQJ > 7KH/LEHUDWLRQ @GLUV+HLQ+RIIPDQQ 9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ136-DQXDU\ 13 in de oorlog >13 at War@HSLVRGH 1DGHRRUORJ > $IWHUWKH:DU @GLUV+HLQ+RIIPDQQ 9LQFHQW6FKXXUPDQ136-DQXDU\ 14–18: dagboeken uit de Eerste Wereldoorlog>14–18: Diaries of the Great War@GRFXPHQWDLUH VHULH>GRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV@GLUV-DQ3HWHU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1759352 Achter het scherm >Behind the Television Screen@ GRFXPHQWDLUH UHSRUWDJH >GRFXPHQWDU\ UHSRUWDJH@GLU/RXLV%RJDHUV175 'Allo 'AlloVLWFRPGLUV'DYLG&URIW0DUWLQ'HQQLV-RKQ%+RSSV5LFKDUG%RGHQ6XVDQ %HOELQ5RELQ&DUU6XH/RQJVWDII0LNH6WHSKHQV%%&±

  

Andere tijden>Changing Times@ JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD >KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPH@ HSLVRGH $EUDKDP.X\SHU > $EUDKDP.X\SHU @GLU3DXO5XLJURN13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H 9RQGHOVWUDDW  > 'H 9RQGHOVWUDDW @ GLU *HUGD -DQVHQ+HQGULNV13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 2XGVWHILOPVYDQ1HGHUODQG > (DUO\)LOPVDERXWWKH 1HWKHUODQGV @GLU1LHOV&RUQHOLVVHQ13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH :LP .DQ  > :LP .DQ @ GLU *RGIULHG YDQ 5XQ 13693520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'H%HDWOHV > 7KH%HDWOHV @GLU$GYDQ/LHPSW 13693522FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 0ROXNVHJLM]HOLQJLQ$VVHQ > 0ROXFFDQ+LMDFNLQJLQ $VVHQ @GLU5HQp5RHORIV13693521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH :RRQZDJHQEHZRQHUV  > &DUDYDQ 'ZHOOHUV @ GLU Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HYHUORYLQJYDQ%HDWUL[HQ&ODXV > 7KH(QJDJHPHQW RI+5+3ULQFHVV%HDWUL[RIWKH1HWKHUODQGVDQG&ODXVYRQ$PVEHUJ @GLU$GYDQ /LHPSW1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH +HWERHNHQZHHNJHVFKHQNYDQ5HYH > %RRN:HHN *LIWE\*HUDUG5HYH @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 7VMHUQRE\O DOV 1HGHUODQGVH UDPS  > &KHUQRE\O DV 'XWFK'LVDVWHU @GLUChanging Times@HSLVRGH 'HVSRRUZHJDFWLHVYDQ]RPHU > :RUNWR5XOH E\5DLOZD\3HUVRQQHOGXULQJWKH6XPPHURI @GLU$GYDQ/LHPSW1369352 0D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HEHJLQMDUHQYDQ3LQNSRS > 7KH(DUO\Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 0QFKHQ  > 0XQLFK @ GLUV 0DWWKLMV &DWV -DQ (LNHOERRP+HLQ+RIIPDQQ*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV13693526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH  MDDU WHOHYLVLH  >  Changing Times@HSLVRGH ,N-DQ&UHPHU > ,-DQ&UHPHU @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ 13693521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH =R LV KHW WRHYDOOLJ RRN QRJ V HHQ NHHU  > ,W -XVW +DSSHQVWR%H6R @GLU-DKDJD%RVVFKD1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 9HUNLH]LQJVGHEDWWHQRSWHOHYLVLH > (OHFWLRQ'HEDWHV RQ7HOHYLVLRQ @GLU3DXO5XLJURN1369352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 6SHWWHUV GH ZRUGLQJ YDQ HHQ F\QLVFK VSURRNMH  > 6SHWWHUVWKH0DNLQJRID&\QLFDO)DLU\7DOH @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1369352 6HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH '6   > 6RFLDO 'HPRFUDWLF 3DUW\  @ GLU 3DXO 5XLJURN13693522FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH (HQ,QGLVFKHIDPLOLH > $)DPLO\IURPWKH'XWFK(DVW ,QGLHV @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV13693521RYHPEHU

    Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH VWHXLW]HQGLQJ > WK-XELOHH%URDGFDVW @GLUV Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HYHUJHWHQ-DPHV%RQG > 7KH)RUJRWWHQ-DPHV %RQG @GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ13693521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HRQGHUJDQJYDQGH-XQ\R0DUX > 7KH6KLSZUHFN RIWKH-XQ\R0DUX @GLU$GYDQ/LHPSW1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH *HUEUDQG\LQ/RQGHQ > *HUEUDQG\LQ/RQGRQ @GLU (ULN:LOOHPV13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 3ULQVMHVGDJ  JLM]HOLQJ )UDQVH DPEDVVDGH  > 2SHQLQJ RI 3DUOLDPHQW  +RVWDJH &ULVLV LQ WKH )UHQFK (PEDVV\ @ GLU +HLQ +RIIPDQQ13693526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH %HJLQYDQGH79 > 7KH6WDUWRI7HOHYLVLRQ @GLU 0DWWKLMV&DWV13693526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH %OHHNQHXVMHVYDQ > :DU&KLOGUHQRI @GLU +HLQ+RIIPDQQ13693522FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH .HQQHG\HQGHPHGLD > .HQQHG\DQGWKH0HGLD @ GLUChanging Times@HSLVRGH )ORULV > )ORULV @GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV1369352 -DQXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH :. VFKDDWVHQ  > :RUOG $OOURXQG 6SHHG 6NDWLQJ &KDPSLRQVKLSV @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H KXZHOLMNVUHLV YDQ -XOLDQD HQ %HUQKDUG  > 7KH KRQH\PRRQ RI +5+ 3ULQFHVV -XOLDQD DQG +5+ 3ULQFH %HUQKDUGRIWKH 1HWKHUODQGV @GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 2UDQMH > 7KH1HWKHUODQGV1DWLRQDO)RRWEDOO 7HDPLQ @GLU3DXO5XLJURN1369352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH -DSDQHQMXGR > -DSDQDQG-XGR @GLUV*HUGD-DQVHQ +HQGULNV&RE\YDQ'LMFN1369352-XQH Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH /HQL5LHIHQVWDKOV2O\PSLD > /HQL5LHIHQVWDKO V 2O\PSLD @GLU&RE\YDQ'LMFN1369352$XJXVW Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 79 > 79 @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1369352 6HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 3ULQV %HUQKDUG  > +5+ 3ULQFH %HUQKDUG RI WKH 1HWKHUODQGV @ GLUV 0DWWKLMV &DWV *HUGD -DQVHQ +HQGULNV1369352  'HFHPEHU  Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H NRPVW YDQ GH PRVNHH  > 7KH $GYHQW RI WKH 0RVTXH @1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'H5$)LQ1HGHUODQG > 7KH5HG$UP\)DFWLRQLQ WKH1HWKHUODQGV @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV1369352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'XLWVH VROGDWHQ ILOPHQ LQ 1HGHUODQG  > *HUPDQ 6ROGLHUV)LOPLQJLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV @GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV13693520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 7URHOVWUD VWUDJHGLH > 7URHOVWUD V7UDJHG\ @GLU*HUGD -DQVHQ+HQGULNV13693526HSWHPEHU

  

Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 5HPEUDQGW LQ GH RRUORJ  > 5HPEUDQGW GXULQJ WKH :DU @GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 3DQWVHUZDJHQV WHJHQ NUDQVHQ +DQQLH 6FKDIW KHUGHQNLQJ RQGHU YXXU  >$UPRXUHG &DUV 9HUVXV :UHDWKHV +DQQLH 6FKDIW 5HPHPEUDQFHXQGHU)LUH @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1369352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH +HWSURFHVYDQ1HXUHQEHUJ > 7KH1HXUHQEHUJ7ULDO @ GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV13693526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 5RFN UROOLQGHSROGHU > 5RFN 5ROOLQ+ROODQG @ GLU-DQ.HOGHU13693522FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 9HHUWLJ MDDU 67(5UHFODPH  > )RUW\ Changing Times@HSLVRGH 5DFHQDDUGHPDDQ > 6SDFH5DFH @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ +HQGULNV1369352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 0DUWLQ/XWKHU.LQJ > 0DUWLQ/XWKHU.LQJ @GLUChanging Times@ HSLVRGH $ERUWXVZHW  > $ERUWLRQ $FW @ GLU 3DXO 5XLJURN 13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH +RHNYDQ+ROODQG > +RRNRI+ROODQG @GLU&DUOD %RRV13693520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 6SRHGLJQDDUKXLV1HGHUODQGHUVLQGHJRHODJ > *RLQJ +RPH6RRQ'XWFK)RUFHG/DERXUHUVLQWKH*RHODJ @GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV1369352 1RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH +ROODQGVFKHYHOG  > +ROODQGVFKHYHOG @ GLU (ULN :LOOHPV13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HDQGHUHIDPLOLH)UDQN > 7KH2WKHU)UDQN)DPLO\ @ GLU(ULN:LOOHPV13693520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 3DULMV  > 3DULV @GLUV3DXO5XLJURN5HLQLHU YDQGHQ+RXW13693520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 9LFWRU\%RRJ\:RRJLH > 9LFWRU\%RRJ\:RRJLH @ GLU7KRPDV%ORP13693526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 5HGWHHQNLQG > 6DYHD&KLOG @GLU-DQ(LNHOERRP 1369352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH .HQQHG\HHQMRQJHSUHVLGHQW > .HQQHG\$Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 1R )XWXUH  > 1R )XWXUH @ GLU 3DXO 5XLJURN 1369352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH %HDFK%R\VLQGHSROGHU > %HDFK%R\VLQ+ROODQG @ GLU)HPNH9HOWPDQ1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H VWHP 3KLOLS %ORHPHQGDO  > 7KH 9RLFH 3KLOLS %ORHPHQGDO @GLU(ULN:LOOHPV13693520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 5DGLR 2UDQMH  > 5DGLR 2UDQJH @ GLU 7RQNR 'RS 13693520D\

    Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H JURRWVWH IDPLOLH YDQ 1HGHUODQG GH 7526  > +ROODQG V /DUJHVW 79 )DPLO\ 7KH 7526 @ GLU *RGIULHG YDQ 5XQ 1369352  2FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HEH]HWWLQJ YDQ/RHGH-RQJ > 7KH2FFXSDWLRQ E\$XWKRU/RHGH-RQJ @GLU)HPNH9HOWPDQ13693522FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HHQWUHHYDQ-DQ3HWHU%DONHQHQGH > 7KH(QWUDQFH RI-DQ3HWHU%DONHQHQGH @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW13693521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 7KHPDNLQJRI1HOVRQ0DQGHOD > 7KH0DNLQJRI 1HOVRQ0DQGHOD @GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H YDO YDQ NDELQHW /XEEHUV ,,  > 7KH )DOO RI WKH 6HFRQG/XEEHUV&DELQHW @GLUV*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW3DXO 5XLJURN1369352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 9HUERGHQYRRU'XLWVHUV.DWHQGUHFKWLQRRUORJVWLMG  > 1R*HUPDQV.DWHQGUHFKWGXULQJWKH:DU @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW1369352 $SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 7XDQ3DSDOLHIGHLQWLMGHQYDQRRUORJ > 7XDQ3DSD /RYH/LIHLQ7LPHVRI:DU @GLU$QQHJULHW:LHWVPD1369352-XO\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 2RUORJLQEOLN > 7LQQHG:DU @GLU(ULN:LOOHPV 13693526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 3DUWLMRISULQFLSHV > 3DUW\RU3ULQFLSOHV @GLU5HLQLHU YDQGHQ+RXW13693526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H RQWYRHULQJ YDQ +HUUHPD  > 7KH $EGXFWLRQ RI +HUUHPD @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW13693522FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HZDUHVROGDWHQYDQ2UDQMH > 7KH5HDO6ROGLHUVRI 2UDQJH @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV13693521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HH[SORVLHYHLGHDOHQYDQ5D5D'HHOGH0DNUR EUDQGHQ > 7KH([SORVLYH'UHDPVRI5D5D 5HYROXWLRQDU\$QWL5DFLVW$FWLRQ 3DUW 7KH)LUHVDW'LYLVLRQVRI0DNUR @GLU3DXO5XLJURN13693521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 'H H[SORVLHYH LGHDOHQ YDQ 5D5D 'HHO  GH RSVSRULQJ > 7KH([SORVLYH'UHDPVRI5D5D 5HYROXWLRQDU\$QWL5DFLVW$FWLRQ 3DUW 7KH+XQW @GLU3DXO5XLJURN13693521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH %XUHDX :DUPRHVVWUDDW 'HHO   > :DUPRHVVWUDDW 3ROLFH6WDWLRQ3DUW @GLU3DXO5XLJURN1759352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH %XUHDX :DUPRHVVWUDDW 'HHO   > :DUPRHVVWUDDW 3ROLFH6WDWLRQ3DUW @GLU3DXO5XLJURN1759352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH =R HQ QLHW DQGHUV  > 6R DQG QRW 2WKHUZLVH @ GLU 5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW1759352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HVFKULMIWDIHOPRRUGHQDDU+HWVKRZSURFHVWHJHQ (LFKPDQQ > (LFKPDQQ7KH%DQDOLW\RI(YLO7KH6KRZ7ULDODJDLQVW(LFKPDQQ @GLU 5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW1759352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HRRUORJQLHWYRRUELM > 7KH:DU&RQWLQXHV @GLU 3DXO5XLJURN17593520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH +HWRSWLPLVPHYDQJHQHUDDO6SRRU > 7KH2SWLPLVP RI*HQHUDO6SRRU @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV17593520D\

  

Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 0LVGDDGLQ2VV > &ULPHLQ2VV @GLU*RGIULHGYDQ 5XQ17593526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 5ROOLQJ6WRQHVLQKHW.XUKDXV-RQJHQVZDUHQKHW  > 7KH5ROOLQJ6WRQHVDWWKH.XUKDXV6WLOOChanging Times@HSLVRGH :XEERHHQ+ROODQGHULQGHUXLPWH  > :XEER$ 'XWFKPDQLQ6SDFH @GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ1759352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 3XQNYDQSUHWQDDUSURWHVW > 3XQN)URP)XQWR 3URWHVW @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW1759352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 3LP)RUWX\Q$'XWFKGDQG\ > 3LP)RUWX\Q$'XWFK 'DQG\ @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW17593520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 9URXZHQLQKHWJHZDSHQGYHU]HW > :RPHQLQWKH $UPHG5HVLVWDQFH @GLUChanging Times@HSLVRGH .LH]HQLQFULVLVWLMG > (OHFWLRQVGXULQJ'HSUHVVLRQ @ GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ17593526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH .DELQHWLQFULVLV > *RYHUQPHQWLQ7LPHVRI&ULVLV @ GLU3DXO5XLJURN17593526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH $VEHVW VOXLSPRRUGHQDDU XLW *RRU  > $VEHVWRV $VVDVVLQIURP*RRU @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW17593521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HNRPVWYDQKHWVFKLMIMH > 7KH$GYHQWRIWKH&' @ GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW1759352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 2UDQMH HQ KHW RSURHU  > &RURQDWLRQ 'D\ DQG WKH 5LRWV @GLU(ULN:LOOHPV1759352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH  OHYH GH .RQLQJLQ  >  /RQJ /LYH WKH 4XHHQ @GLU)HPNH9HOWPDQ1759352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH .RHULHU YRRU 3RUWXJDO  > %DQN 0HVVHQJHU IRU 3RUWXJDO @GLU3DXO5XLJURN17593520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH +RXVHSLOOHQHQH[WDVH > +RXVH3LOOVDQG(FVWDV\ @ GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ17593520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH )ORULVUHPDNH > )ORULV5HPDNH @GLUV0DWWKLMV&DWV *RGIULHGYDQ5XQ17593522FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 6SHNWDNHOURQGKHW.RQLQNULMN > )HVWLYH$FWLYLWLHV DURXQGWKH.LQJGRPRIWKH1HWKHUODQGV @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULN1759352 2FWREHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 1LHXZV .HQQHG\ YHUPRRUG  > %UHDNLQJ 1HZV .HQQHG\$VVDVVLQDWHG @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW17593521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH +HW PXVLFDODYRQWXXU RS %URDGZD\  > 0XVLFDO $GYHQWXUH RQ %URDGZD\ @ GLUV Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'HJURWHOHXJHQGHHFKWVFKHLGLQJVZHWYDQ  > 7KH%LJ/LHWKH'LYRUFH/DZRI @GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV1759352 -DQXDU\

    Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH +DQ YDQ 0HHJHUHQ PHHVWHUYHUYDOVHU  > +DQ YDQ 0HHJHUHQ7KH0DVWHU)RUJHU @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW1759352-DQXDU\  Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH +HW OHOLMNH HHQGMH YDQ GH WHOHYLVLH  > 7KH 8JO\ 'XFNOLQJRI7HOHYLVLRQ @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW17593520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH (HQRQJHZHQVWH&,$DJHQW > $Q8QGHVLUDEOH&,$ $JHQW @GLU3DXO5XLJURN17593520DUFK Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH -RRSZLOHHQVRDS > -RRS:DQWVD6RDS2SHUD @GLU +HLQ+RIIPDQQ17593526HSWHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH (ERODGHMDFKWRSHHQGRGHOLMNYLUXV > (EROD2QWKH +XQWIRUD'HDGO\9LUXV @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ17593521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH :LWWH6MRUVHQ]ZDUWH6MLPPLH > :KLWH6MRUVDQG %ODFN6MLPPLH @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW17593521RYHPEHU Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH /HYHQGHPHPRULHLQ$XVFKZLW] > /LYLQJ0HPRU\LQ $XVFKZLW] @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1759352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH -HDQ'HVPHWKDQGHODDULQGURPHQ > -HDQ'HVPHW 0HUFKDQWLQ'D\GUHDPV @GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1759352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH +HWDYRQWXXUYDQGHUDGLRSLUDWHQ > 7KH$GYHQWXUHRI WKH3LUDWH5DGLR6WDWLRQV @GLUChanging Times@ HSLVRGH *HZHOG WHJHQ FRQGXFWHXUV  > 9LROHQFH DJDLQVW 5DLOZD\*XDUGV @GLU5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW1759352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'H%HYULMGLQJQDELM > 2QWKH9HUJHRI/LEHUDWLRQ @ GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV1759352$SULO Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH 'ULHNHHUEHYULMG'H%HYULMGLQJLQLFRQLVFKH EHHOGHQ  > 7KUHH 7LPHV /LEHUDWHG 7KH /LEHUDWLRQ LQ ,FRQLF ,PDJHV @GLU+HLQ +RIIPDQQ17593520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@HSLVRGH %RXWHUVHKHW+DDJVHKRRIGSLMQGRVVLHU > %RXWHUVHD 'XWFK$Q[LHW\ @GLU3DXO5XLJURN17593520D\ Andere tijden>Changing Times@ HSLVRGH 9URXZHQ DDQ GH EDO  > :RPHQ V )RRWEDOO @ GLU 5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW17593520D\ Andere tijden special: WOII in amateurfilm>Changing Times SpecialWorld War II Filmed by Amateurs@ JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD >KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPH@ GLU $G YDQ /LHPSW 13693520D\ Andere tijden special: de andere jaren vijftig>Changing Times Special: The Other Fifties@GLU +HLQ+RIIPDQQ13693520DUFK Andere tijden special: tussen hoop en vrees>Changing Times Special: Between Hope and Fear@GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ1369352-XQH Andere tijden special: van D-day tot de Dam>Changing Times Special: From D-Day to The Dam Square@GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV13693520D\ Andere tijden special: gezien ons eigen leven>Changing Times Special: In View of Our Own Life@GLUChanging Times Special: 100 Years of 'Elfstedentocht  11-city skating race@ GLUV 0DUQL[ .RROKDDV 'LUN -DQ 5RHOHYHQ 1369352-DQXDU\

  

Andere tijden special: oorlog op komst>Changing Times Special: War is Coming@GLU3DXO 5XLJURN13693522FWREHU Andere tijden specialdoor soldatenogen>Changing Times Special: Through Soldiers' Eyes@ GLU*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV1369352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden special: ode aan de rivier>Changing Times Special: Tribute to the River@GLU *RGIULHGYDQ5XQ1369352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden special: jaren van vooruitgang. Nederland tussen 1910 en 1920 >Changing Times Special: Years of Progress. The Netherlands between 1910 and 1920@GLU0DWWKLMV &DWV17593520D\ Andere tijden special: alles wordt anders. Nederland in de jaren 60>Changing Times Special: Evertything Changes. The Netherlands in the Sixties@GLUChanging Times Special: Life in a Village@GLU )HPNH9HOWPDQ1759352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden special: de verwarrende jaren 70 >Changing Times Special: The Confusing Seventies@GLU+HLQ+RIIPDQQ1759352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden special: de ballen van de jaren 80>Changing Times Special: Recovering from the Depression of the Eighties@GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV1759352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden special: de dagen na Hitler>Changing Times Special: The Post-Hitler Era@GLU 5HLQLHUYDQGHQ+RXW1759352'HFHPEHU Andere tijden special: schitterende hoogmoed in de jaren 90>Changing Times Special: The Pride of the Nineties@GLUChanging Times Sport@ VSRUW JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD >VSRUWV KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPH@HSLVRGH (.GH]HJHWRFKW > (XUR7KH9LFWRU\3DUDGH @GLU 0DUFHO*RHGKDUW13612693520D\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH (.GHDIJDQJ > (XUR7KH /HWGRZQ @GLU7RP(JEHUV13612693520D\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH (.KHWFRQIOLFW > (XUR7KH &RQIOLFW @GLU0DUFHO5|]HU13612693520D\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH (.  GH ERP  > (XUR  7KH %RPE @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1361269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH (OOHQYDQ/DQJHQJRXGHQPHWHUV  > (OOHQYDQ/DQJHQ*ROGHQ0HWHUV @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1361269352-XO\  Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 5DFHQLQGHUHJHQZLHOHUJRXG7RNLR   > &\FOH 5DFLQJ LQ WKH 5DLQ *ROG 0HGDO 7RNLR  @ GLU-DQ.HOGHU 1361269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH +HW P\VWHULH )RHNMH 'LOOHPD  > 7KH 0\VWHU\RI)RHNMH'LOOHPD @GLU7KRPDV%ORP1361269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HJRXGHQGURRPYDQGH+ROODQG$FKW  > 7KH *ROGHQ 'UHDP RI +ROODQG V &R[HG (LJKW @ GLU 0DUFHO *RHGKDUW 1361269352-XO\

    Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH $PVWHUGDPOLHYHUJHHQGDPHV  >  $PVWHUGDP 3UHIHUDEO\ 1R :RPHQ @ GLU -DQ .HOGHU 1361269352  $XJXVW Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH +HW JHEURNHQ KDUW YDQ $MDFLHG 1LFR 5LMQGHUV > 7KH%URNHQ+HDUWRI$MD[)RRWEDOOHU1LFR5LMQGHUV @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW 1361269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HXXUYDQ/H0DQV > 7KH+RXUV RI/H0DQV @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1361269352-XQH  Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 0RKDPPHG $OL LQ 9ROHQGDP  > 0RKDPPHG$OLLQ9ROHQGDP @GLU7RP(JEHUV1361269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH ,QGHVFKDGXZYDQ:LPEOHGRQ > ,QWKH 6KDGRZRI:LPEOHGRQ @GLU5D\PRQG%RXZPDQ1361269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HYDOVHVWDUWYDQGH7RXUGH)UDQFHLQ /HLGHQ > 7KH)DOVH6WDUWRIWKH7RXUGH)UDQFHLQ/HLGHQ @GLU'LUN-DQ5RHOHYHQ 1361269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HPHJDGHDOYDQ5XXG*XOOLW > 5XXG *XOOLW V0HJD7UDQVIHU'HDO @GLU7KRPDV%ORP1361269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HPDJLHYDQGH0RQW9HQWRX[ > 7KH 0DJLFRIWKH0RQW9HQWRX[ @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1361269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH )H\HQRRUG )RUWX\Q > )H\HQRRUG  )RUWX\Q @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW1361269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HGULHNODSSHUYDQ *ROGHQ *LUO Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +HHO+ROODQGKLHOGYDQ.ULHQEKO > 7KH :KROH RI +ROODQG /RYHG .ULHQEKO @ GLU 0DUFHO *RHGKDUW 1361269352  -DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 6WLHQ &DUU\ HQ $QV GH JRXGHQ VFKDDWVPHLVMHV  > 6WLHQ &DUU\ HQ $QV 7KH *ROGHQ 6SHHG 6NDWHUV @ GLU 0DUFHO *RHGKDUW1361269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH *RXGHQ*HUDUG KHWNODSSHQYDQGH VFKDDWV > *ROGHQ*HUDUG WKH&ODS6NDWH @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1361269352 )HEUXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :.GHERWVLQJ > :RUOG&XS 7KH&ROOLVLRQ @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1361269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :.:LOOL/LSSHQVGHPDQGLH 2UDQMHZHUHOGNDPSLRHQ]RXPDNHQ > :RUOG&XS:LOOL/LSSHQVWKH)RRWEDOOHU 3UHGHVLWLQHG WR :LQ WKH :RUOG &XS IRU +ROODQG @ GLU 0DUFHO *RHGKDUW 1361269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :.GHYHU]RHQLQJ > :RUOG&XS 7KH5HFRQFLOLDWLRQ @GLU'LUN-DQ5RHOHYHQ1361269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :.KRHGHKRQG3LFNOHV(QJHODQG YRRU HHQ :.EODPDJH EHKRHGGH  > :RUOG &XS  +RZ 3LFNOHV WKH 'RJ 6DYHG (QJODQG V:RUOG&XS @GLU7RP(JEHUV1361269352-XO\

  

Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 5LQWMH V UHYROXWLH KRH EDGVFKXLP GH VFKDDWVVSRUW YHUDQGHUGH  > 5LQWMH V 5HYROXWLRQ +RZ %DWK )RDP &KDQJHG 6SHHG 6NDWLQJ @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH +LOEHUW YDQ GHU'XLP PHHU GDQ HHQ FORZQ > +LOEHUWYDQGHU'XLPD&RORXUIXO6NDWHU @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW1269352 -DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +HQNYDQGHU*ULIWGHYDGHUYDQ$UG HQ.HHVVLH > +HQNYDQGHU*ULIW7KH)DWKHURI$UGDQG.HHVVLH @GLU-RKQ$SSHO 1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HZDDUKHLGYROJHQV.DUHO$DOEHUV > 7KH 7UXWK$FFRUGLQJWR.DUHO$DOEHUV @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH %HWWLQH 9ULHVHNRRS EORHG ]ZHHW HQ WUDQHQ  > %HWWLQH 9ULHVHNRRS %ORRG 6ZHDW DQG 7HDUV @ GLU 'LUN -DQ 5RHOHYHQ 1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HQDFKWYDQ$QWRQ*HHVLQN >7KH1LJKW RI$QWRQ*HHVLQN @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 9HUOLHIGRS:LOO\6WlKOH > ,Q/RYHZLWK :LOO\6WlKOH @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 5RQDOGR GH (LQGKRYHQVH MDUHQ  > 5RQDOGR+LVChanging Times Sport@HSLVRGH 5X]LHLQKHWSHORWRQ > 4XDUUHOLQWKH 3HORWRQ @GLU-HURHQ6WHNHOHQEXUJ1269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :LQQHQRS$OSHG +XH] > 7KH7ULXPSK RI3HWHU:LQQHQRQ$OSHG +XH] @GLU-RKQ$SSHO1269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HGDJGDW-RRSGH7RXUZRQ > 7KH'D\ -RRS=RHWHPHON:RQWKH7RXUGH)UDQFH @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XO\  Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 7KLDOI WGDNHUDI > 7KLDOI%ULQJWKH 5RRI'RZQ @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +H\D-DQ%RV > &RPHRQ-DQ%RV @GLU .HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 'H NRXGH ZLQWHU YDQ 5RHORI 7KLMV  > 5RHORI7KLMV +DUVK:LQWHU @GLU-HURHQ6WHNHOHQEXUJ1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +HW'HHQVHVSURRNMH > 7KH'DQLVK)DLU\ 7DOH @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH *HUDOG9DQHQEXUJEHWHUGDQ9DQ%DVWHQ  > *HUDOG 9DQHQEXUJ %HWWHU DW )RRWEDOO WKDQ 9DQ %DVWHQ @ GLU 0DUFHO *RHGKDUW 1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +HW3HUHVWURMNDWHDPKRHGH6RYMHWVGH (.ILQDOHYDQ YHUORUHQ > 7KH3HUHVWURMNDWHDP+RZWKH6RYLHWV/RVWWKH(XUR  )LQDO @GLU7KRPDV%ORP1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HWDVYDQ)DQQ\ > 7KH6SRUWV%DJRI )DQQ\%ODQNHUV.RHQ @GLU0RQLTXH7HVVHODDU1269352-XO\

    Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH +HW ODDWVWH JHYHFKW YDQ $UQROG 9DQGHUO\GH > $UQROG9DQGHUO\GH V/DVW%R[LQJ0DWFK @GLU-RKQ$SSHO1269352 -XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HPHWHUYDQ%HQ-RKQVRQ > %HQ -RKQVRQ V0HWUHV6SULQW @GLU:DOWHU6WRNPDQ1269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH (HQVFKLPPHOYDQJRXG > 'H6MLHP$ *ROGHQ*UH\ @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW1269352MXO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +HWZRQGHUYDQ6\GQH\ > 7KH0LUDFOH RI6\GQH\ @GLU-HURHQ6WHNHOHQEXUJ1269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH %DUQH\YDQSRVWERGHWRWGDUWVPLOMRQDLU  > 5D\PRQG YDQ %DUQHYHOG %DUQH\ )URP 3RVWPDQ WR 'DUWV 0LOOLRQDLUH @ GLU -RKQ $SSHO1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 'H EHNHUVWXQW YDQ ,-VVHOPHHUYRJHOV  > ,-VVHOPHHUYRJHOV 6XUSULVH/HDJXH&XS:LQ @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW1269352 -DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH (OIVWHGHQWRFKWGHZHGVWULMGYDQ  > &LW\ 6NDWLQJ 5DFH 7KH 6NDWLQJ 0DUDWKRQ RI  @ GLU 'LUN -DQ 5RHOHYHQ 1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH %ORHGYHUUDDGLQGH&KDPSLRQV/HDJXH ILQDOH  > %ORRG 'RSLQJ LQ WKH &KDPSLRQV /HDJXH )LQDO" @ GLU 7KRPDV %ORP 12693520D\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HJHVORRSWHILQDOH > 6XSSRUWHU5LRWV 'XULQJDQG$IWHU8()$&XS)LQDO @GLU'DYLG.OHLMZHJW1269352-XQH  Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 5RPDULR VDPED LQ (LQGKRYHQ  > 5RPDULR6DPEDLQ(LQGKRYHQ @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUGW1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 6DERWDJHLQKHWPXOOH]DQG > $Q$FWRI 6DERWDJHLQ6KLIWLQJ6DQG @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 2UDQMHJHNWH LQ WHQQLVODQG  > 7HQQLV 0DGQHVVLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :DDU5RRNVLVLV7KHXQLVVH > :KHUH 5RRNVULGHVULGHV7KHXQLVVHQ @GLU-HURHQ6WHNHOHQEXUJ1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 6DXQD'LDQDKRHHHQERUGHHOGH7RXU ELQQHQULMGW  > 6DXQD 'LDQD (DUO\ 'D\V RI 7RXU &RDFKLQJ @ GLU%DV6WHPDQ 1269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HGRRGYDQ7RPP\6LPSVRQ > 7KH 'HDWK RI 7RPP\ 6LPSVRQ @ GLUV 'LUN YDQ 1LMYHUVHHO .RHQ :DUORS 1HGHUODQGVH EHZHUNLQJ0RQLTXH7HVVHODDU%HOJD6SRUW1269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'H$UG .HHVVLHH[SUHV > 7KH$UG  .HHVVLH([SUHVV @GLU-RKQ$SSHO1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 'H WHUXJJHYRQGHQ (OIVWHGHQWRFKW  > )RXQG )RRWDJH RI WKH &LW\ 6NDWLQJ 5DFH @ GLU (ULN :LOOHPV 1269352  -DQXDU\

  

Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +HWYHUJHWHQJRXGYDQ$QQLH%RUFNLQN  > 7KH )RUJRWWHQ *ROG RI $QQLH %RUFNLQN @ GLU 0DUFHO *RHGKDUGW 1269352  -DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +HLQ9HUJHHUGHWUDJLHNYDQHHQJURRW NDPSLRHQ  > +HLQ 9HUJHHU 7UDJHG\ RI D *UHDW &KDPSLRQ @ GLU %DV 6WHPDQ 1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH 6KRUWWUDFN SLRQLHUHQ LQ GH SROGHU  > 6KRUWWUDFN3LRQHHULQJLQ+ROODQG @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352)HEUXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HELWWHUHWUDQHQYDQ/RXLVYDQ*DDO  > 7KH%LWWHU7HDUVRI/RXLVYDQ*DDO @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG12693520D\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH &OHPHQV:HVWHUKRIPHWNXLIMHLQ$IULND  > &OHPHQV:HVWHUKRI7LQWLQLQ1LJHULD @GLU-RKQ$SSHO1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :.KRHNRQKHW]yIRXWJDDQ  > :RUOG &XS  7KH 5HDVRQ IRU +ROODQG V )DLOXUH @ GLU -HURHQ 6WHNHOHQEXUJ 1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :. GRRUDQGHUHRJHQ > :RUOG&XS 8QLTXH)RXQG)RRWDJH @GLUV:LPYDQGHU$DU'DYLG.OHLMZHJW1269352 -XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HZHWWHQYDQ&HHV3ULHP > 7KH/DZRI &HHV3ULHP @GLUV7KRPDV%ORP0LVFKD:HVVHO1269352-XO\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH :. ZDDURPGH'XLWVHUVZRQQHQ  > :RUOG&XS:K\WKH*HUPDQV:RQ @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XO\  Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH (HQ)ULHVH(OIVWHGHQG\QDVWLH > $)ULVLDQ 6NDWLQJ0DUDWKRQ'\QDVW\ @GLU0HUHOGH*HXV1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH (OOHQ %XUND RYHUOHYHQ RS NXQVWVFKDDWVHQ > (OOHQ%XUND6NDWHWR6XUYLYH @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352 -DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 'HYLHUWUXLHQYDQ$GULHYDQGHU3RHO  > 7KH )RXU -HUVH\V :RQ E\ $GULH YDQ GHU 3RHO @ GLU -RKQ $SSHO 1269352  -DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH -DQWMH/DPPHUV)RUPXOHGHEXXWLQHHQ EHQ]LQHERP  > -DQ /DPPHUV )RUPXOD 2QH 'HEXW LQ D 3HWURO %RPE @ GLU -HURHQ 6WHNHOHQEXUJ1269352-DQXDU\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH .OXLYHUWHQGHWUDQHQYDQGH&KDPSLRQV /HDJXH > .OXLYHUWDQGWKH7HDUVRI7KH&KDPSLRQV/HDJXH @GLU0DUFHO*RHGKDUW 12693520D\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH &UXLMIIJDDWYUHHPG > &UXLMII V+RVWLOH 7UDQVIHU @GLU'DYLG.OHLMZHJW12693520D\ Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH 5LN6PLWVYDQ]HURWRWKHUR > 5LN6PLWV )URP=HURWR+HUR @GLU.HHV-RQJNLQG1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH .RRSPDQV YV %ODQFKDUG UXPEOH LQ 5RWWHUGDP  > .RRSPDQV YV %ODQFKDUG 5XPEOH LQ 5RWWHUGDP @ GLU .HHV -RQJNLQG 1269352-XQH

    Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH -DQ.QLSSHQEHUJ)RUUHVW*XPSRS7H[HO  > -DQ.QLSSHQEHUJ)RUUHVW*XPSRQ7H[HO @GLU'LUN-DQ5RHOHYHQ1269352 -XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@HSLVRGH +RHGH7RXUYDQ QDDU1HGHUODQG NZDP  > +RZ WKH 7RXU GH )UDQFH &DPH WR +ROODQG LQ  @ GLU (ULN :LOOHPV 1269352-XQH Andere tijden sport>Changing Times Sport@ HSLVRGH +DQ 8UEDQXV KRQNEDOSLRQLHU  > +DQ 8UEDQXV%DVHEDOO3LRQHHU @GLU(ULNYDQ'LMN-XO\ Asbest, the Silent KillerGRFXPHQWDLUH>GRFXPHQWDU\@GLU%DUEDUDGHQ8\O.52'HFHPEHU  Big BrotherUHDOLW\79JDPHVKRZ9HURQLFD57/± Bij ONS aan tafel>Dine with US@216± Bread Day>Khlebnyy den@GLU6HUJHL'YRUWVHYRL:DWFKPDNHU)LOPV8QLWHG6WDWHV Damals >In Those Days@JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>KLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@=')± De aanslag >The Assault@GLU)RQV5DGHPDNHUV&DQQRQ*URXSWKH1HWKHUODQGV De affaire >The Affair@GRFXPHQWDLUHVHULH>GRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV@GLUV-DWDJDQ%RVVFKD5RODQG 3RVWPD*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV.ODDUWMH4XLULMQV3XFNGH/HHXZ136 De bezetting>The Occupation@JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>KLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@HSLVRGHV± GLU0LOR$QVWDGW176± De bezetting>The Occupation@JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>KLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@UHPDNHGLU5RE 6ZDQHQEXUJ126± De gouden eeuw >The Golden Age@ JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD >KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPH@ GLUV 0DWWKLMV&DWV5RHOYDQ'DOHQ*HUGD-DQVHQ+HQGULNV6X]DQQH5DHV1759352 ± De gouden jaren [The Golden Years]. 216± De ijzeren eeuw >The Iron Age@JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>KLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@GLU*RGIULHG YDQ5XQ1759352 De kleine waarheid >Everyday Life@GUDPDVHULH>GUDPDVHULHV@GLU:LOO\YDQ+HPHUW1&59 ± De oorlog >The War@ GRFXPHQWDLUHVHULH >GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV@ HSLVRGH  'H ZUDDN YDQ 'XLWVODQG > *HUPDQ\ V5HYHQJH @GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ1362FWREHU De oorlog >The War@HSLVRGH 9HUGHURQGHUYUHHPGJH]DJ > /LIHXQGHU)RUHLJQ$XWKRULW\ @ GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV1361RYHPEHU De oorlog >The War@HSLVRGH .HX]H VHQGLOHPPD V > &KRLFHVDQG'LOHPPDV @GLU*RGIULHG YDQ5XQ1361RYHPEHU De oorlog >The War@ HSLVRGH  :HOYDDUW EHURYLQJ KRQJHU  > 3URVSHULW\ %HUHDYHPHQW 6WDUYDWLRQ @GLU*RGIULHGYDQ5XQ1361RYHPEHU De oorlog >The War@HSLVRGH +RHGH-RGHQXLW1HGHUODQGYHUGZHQHQ > +RZWKH-HZV:HUH (YLFWHGIURPWKH1HWKHUODQGV @GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV1361RYHPEHU De oorlog >The War@HSLVRGH 2RUORJYRRULHGHUHHQ > $Q\ERG\ V:DU @GLU0DWWKLMV&DWV 1361RYHPEHU De oorlog >The War@HSLVRGH 2RUORJLQ,QGLs > :DULQWKH'XWFK(DVW,QGLHV @GLU*HUGD -DQVHQ+HQGULNV136'HFHPEHU

  

De oorlog >The War@HSLVRGH /RRG]ZDUHMDUHQ > 7URXEOHVRPHThe War@HSLVRGH 'HRRUORJQDGHRRUORJ > 7KH:DU$IWHUWKH:DU @ GLU'LUN -DQ5RHOHYHQ136'HFHPEHU De slavernij >Slavery@ JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD >KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPH@ GLUV +HLQ +RIIPDQQ 0DUFHO*RHGKDUW)UDQN=LFKHP175 De slavernij junior >Slavery Junior@ MHXJG JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD >\RXWK KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPH@GLU.DWLQNDGH0DDU175 Doctor WhoVFLHQFHILFWLRQWHOHYLVLRQSURJUDPPH%%&± Dokwerk >Dockwork@ GHOLJH GRFXPHQWDLUH VHULH >SDUW GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV@ 'XWFK $SSURDFK GLU5HQp5RHORIV136DQG1RYHPEHU  Dokument >Document@ GRFXPHQWDLUH VHULH >GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV@ 2Q WKH $LU  GLU )ULW] GH :LWK1&59)HEUXDU\ Een bijzonder jaar  >A Special Year,HSLVRGH  @WHOHYLVLHVHULH>WHOHYLVLRQVHULHV@GLU -DQQHNH0DUWHQV1RVWDOJLH1HW± Grote geschiedenis quiz>The Big History Quiz@VSHOSURJUDPPD>TXL]@GLUV0DWWKLDV%RXPDQ 0HUHOGH*HXVGLUVLWHPV&DUROLQH%DDQ0DDUWHQ%ORN]LMO+DVDQ(YUHQJUQ3DXO 5XLJURN1361759352± Heb je dat gezien?>Did You Watch This?@JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>KLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@GLU 1LHOVGH*URRW0$; Heroes RebornGUDPDVHULHVGLUV/DU\VD.RQGUDFNL*UHJ%HHPDQ0DWW6KDNPDQ1%& VFKHGXOHGWRSUHPLHUHRQ6HSWHPEHU Het beste voor Kees >Only What's Best for Kees@GLU0RQLTXH1ROWH1&59'HFHPEHU  Het geheim van de HEMA [The Story Behind the HEMA@GLUApple Core@HGXFDWLHIMHXJGSURJUDPPD>HGXFDWLRQDO\RXWKSURJUDPPH@GLUV GUDPD 1LHN %DUHQGVHQ (ULF %ORP %DUEDUD %UHGHUR $OEHUW -DQ YDQ 5HHV 9LQFHQW 6FKXXUPDQ5XXG6FKXXUPDQ0DUFHOGH9Up0LFKLHOWHQ+RUQ3HWHU6WHUN)HGRUYDQ 5RVVHP$QQHGH&OHUFT%REE\%RHUPDQVGLUVUHSRUWDJH5RHO%XUJJUDDII-HDQLQH YDQ *RRO 0DXULFH GH *UDDI &KDUORWWH +RRJDNNHU /HR 2QGHUZDWHU 8LI 3XWWHUVThe Trail Back@UDGLRGRFXPHQWDLUH>UDGLRGRFXPHQWDU\@SURGXFHUV*HUDUG /HHQGHUV0DWKLMV'HHQ$VWULG1DXWD+DQV2OLQN0LFKDO&LWURHQ-RV3DOP9352 ± Het verleden van Nederland >The Past of the Netherlands@GRFXPHQWDLUHVHULH>GRFXPHQWDU\ VHULHV@GLU1RXG+ROWPDQ$OODUG'HWLJHU&DULQ*RHLMHUV+DQV3RRO1369352,GW9 'RFV79'LWV%9 HistoryKLVWRU\SURJUDPPHGLUV-RKDQQD.DDFN'LUN3RKOPDQQ.DWKULQ6lQJHU6HEDVWLDQ 6FKHUUHU ,QJHERUJ -DFREV 6WHIIL 6FK|EHO 0LFKDHO )XQNHQ $QGU]HM .ODPW 8OL :HLGHQEDFK=')± In Europa>In Europe@GRFXPHQWDLUHVHULH>GRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV@HSLVRGH +HWEHJLQ  > 'DZQRIWKH&HQWXU\ @GLUV5RHOYDQ%URHNKRYHQ+DQV)HOV%ULWWD+RVPDQ 'DYLG.OHLMZHJW-RULHQYDQ1HV:DOWHU6WRNPDQ93521RYHPEHU

    In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH %HUOLMQ :HQHQ > %HUOLQ 9LHQQD @GLU:DOWHU 6WRNPDQ93521RYHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH :HQHQ 6DUDMHYR > 9LHQQD 6DUDMHYR @GLU %ULWWD+RVPDQ93521RYHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH ,HSHU%HOJLs >  In Europe@HSLVRGH 'H6RPPH > 7KH6RPPH @GLU-RULHQYDQ1HV 9352'HFHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH )UDQNULMN > )UDQFH @GLU+DQV)HOV9352 'HFHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 5XVODQG > 5XVVLD @GLU:DOWHU6WRNPDQ9352 'HFHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH %HUOLMQ > %HUOLQ @GLU$OH[DQGHU2H\9352 'HFHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 3UHGDSSLR,WDOLs > 3UHGDSSLR,WDO\ @GLU-RULHQ YDQ1HV9352-DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH %HUOLMQ > %HUOLQ @GLU'DYLG.OHLMZHJW9352 -DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 5XVODQG > 5XVVLD @GLU-RULHQYDQ1HV9352 -DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@ HSLVRGH  6SDQMH  > 6SDLQ @ GLU 6WHIDQLH GH %URXZHU 9352-DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@ HSLVRGH  0QFKHQ  > 0XQLFK @ GLU %ULWWD +RVPDQ 9352)HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@ HSLVRGH  'XLWVODQG  > *HUPDQ\ @ GLU %ULWWD+RVPDQ 9352)HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH )UDQNULMN > )UDQFH @GLU+DQV)HOV9352 )HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 'XLWVODQG> *HUPDQ\ @GLU%ULWWD+RVPDQ 9352)HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 6WDOLQJUDG >6WDOLQJUDG @GLU$OH[DQGHU2H\ 93520DUFK In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 3ROHQ > 3RODQG @GLU5RHOYDQ%URHNKRYHQ 93520DUFK In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH :DUVFKDX 3UDDJ > :DUVDZ 3UDJXH @GLU /H[5XQGHUNDPS93521RYHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 'XLWVODQG 5XVODQG >*HUPDQ\ 5XVVLD @ GLU%ULWWD+RVPDQ9352'HFHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH -RHJRVODYLs >In Europe@HSLVRGH ,VUDsO (XURSD > ,VUDHO (XURSH @GLU5RHO YDQ%URHNKRYHQ9352'HFHPEHU In Europa>In Europe@ HSLVRGH  7VMHFKLs  > &]HFK 5HSXEOLF @ GLU 5RHO YDQ %URHNKRYHQ9352'HFHPEHU

  

In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH (XURSD > (XURSH @GLU$OH[DQGHU2H\9352 -DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@ HSLVRGH  +RQJDULMH  > +XQJDU\ @ GLU (ULN GH %UX\Q 9352-DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH )UDQNULMN $OJHULMH >)UDQFH $OJHULD @GLU $OH[DQGHU2H\9352-DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH ''5 > *HUPDQ'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLF @GLU 'LUN.DJHQDDU9352-DQXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@ HSLVRGH  $PVWHUGDP3DULMV%HUOLMQ  >  $PVWHUGDP3DULV%HUOLQ @GLU'DYLG.OHLMZHJW9352)HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 3RUWXJDO > 3RUWXJDO @GLU6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHU 9352)HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 'XLWVODQG > *HUPDQ\ @GLU$OH[DQGHU2H\ 9352)HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH (QJHODQG > (QJODQG @GLU0DDLN.ULMJVPDQ 9352)HEUXDU\ In Europa>In Europe@ HSLVRGH  7VMHUQRE\O  > &KHUQRE\O @ GLU 5RHO YDQ %URHNKRYHQ93520DUFK In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 5RHPHQLs > 5RPDQLD @GLU0DDLN.ULMJVPDQ 93520DUFK In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH 6RYMHW8QLH > 6RYLHW8QLRQ @GLU5RHOYDQ %URHNKRYHQ93520DUFK In Europa>In Europe@HSLVRGH %RVQLsHQGHZDDUKHLG > %RVQLDDQGWKH7UXWK @ GLUV6WHIDQLHGH%URXZHU'MRHNH9HHQLQJD93520DUFK In therapie >In Therapy@GUDPDVHULH>GUDPDVHULHV@GLU$ODLQGH/HYLWD1&59±  I Survived a Zombie Apocalypse, UHDOLW\79JDPHVKRZGLU6LPRQ'LQVHOO%%& JanineGRFXPHQWDLUH>GRFXPHQWDU\@GLU3DXO&RKHQ93526HSWHPEHU James Herriot>All Creatures Great and Small@WHOHYLVLHVHULH>WHOHYLVLRQVHULHV@GLUV3HWHU 0RIIDWW&KULVWRSKHU%DUU\0LFKDHO%UD\VKDZ5REHUW7URQVRQ7HUHQFH'XGOH\7RQ\ 9LUJR5RGHULFN*UDKDP&KULVWRSKHU%DNHU5LFKDUG%UDPDOO0LFKDHO+D\HV-HUHP\ 6XPPHUV%RE%ODJGHQ6WHYH*ROGLH5LFKDUG0DUWLQ.HQQHWK,YHV%%&± Kamp Westerbork, de film>Camp Westerbork, the Movie@ GLU 5XGROI %UHVODXHU +HULQQHULQJVFHQWUXP .DPS :HVWHUERUN1267LMGVEHHOG 0HGLD WKH 1HWKHUODQGV Labyrint >Labyrinth@ ZHWHQVFKDSSHOLMN UDGLR HQ WHOHYLVLHSURJUDPPD >VFLHQWLILF UDGLR DQG WHOHYLVLRQ SURJUDPPH@ GLU -HURHQ YDQ GHQ %HUN 7KLMV %UDQGVPD 0LMNH GH -RQJ 1LFROH YDQ .LOVGRQN 6DVNLD YDQ /HHXZHQ 2ODI 2XGKHXVGHQ 8LI 3XWWHUV (VWKHU 3DUGLMV +DQVMH 4XDUWHO .DULQ 6FKDJHQ :LP 6FKHSHQV ,-VEUDQG YDQ 9HHOHQ ,OMD :LOOHPV7HOHDF1759352± Lang leve de TV! >Long Live the TV!@VSHOSURJUDPPD>JDPHVKRZ@GLU*HUEHQYDQGHQ+RYHQ 7526 Last man watching>Last Man Watching@PDUDWKRQXLW]HQGLQJWJYKHWMDULJEHVWDDQYDQGH WHOHYLVLHLQ1HGHUODQG>PDUDWKRQEURDGFDVWRQWKHRFFDVLRQRIWKHDQQLYHUVDU\RI \HDUVRIWHOHYLVLRQLQWKH1HWKHUODQGV@GLU(ULF%ORP%11

    Nederland toen >'That's How It Was in the Netherlands'@ JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD >KLVWRU\ SURJUDPPH@GLU-DQQHNH0DUWHQV1RVWDOJLH1HW± Nederland valt aan >The Netherlands Attack@GRFXPHQWDLUHGUDPD>GRFXPHQWDU\GUDPD@GLU 0HUHOGH*HXV175-XO\ NOS actueel >NOS Live@QLHXZVSURJUDPPD>QHZVSURJUDPPH@126± NOVA >NOVA@ DFWXDOLWHLWHQSURJUDPPD >FXUUHQW DIIDLUV SURJUDPPH@ 9$5$136126 ± Na de bevrijding >After the Liberation@GRFXPHQWDLUHVHULH>GRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV@GLUV*HUGD -DQVHQ+HQGULNV3DXO5XLJURN)HPNH9HOWPDQ175 OVT >Simple Past Tense@UDGLRGRFXPHQWDLUH>UDGLRGRFXPHQWDU\@SURGXFHUV*HUDUG/HHQGHUV 0DWKLMV'HHQ$VWULG1DXWD+DQV2OLQN0LFKDO&LWURHQ-RV3DOP9352± Poetin's olympische droom>Putin's Olympic Dream@GLU+DQV3RRO9352)HEUXDU\  Poldark,GUDPDVHULHVGLUV(GZDUG%D]DOJHWWH:LOOLDP0F*UHJRU%%&± Schindler s ListGLU6WHYHQ6SLHOEHUJ8QLYHUVDO3LFWXUHV±±8QLWHG6WDWHV SpangasMHXJGVHULH>\RXWKVHULHV@GLUV7RQQLH'LQMHQV$GULsQQH:XUSHO+DUDOGYDQ(FN.DM 'ULHVVHQ'LHGHLQ W9HOG-RSGH9ULHV-RULVYDQGHQ%HUJ+DQV6RPHUV-DQ3RRO 1&59± Steekspel >Tricked@,GLU3DXO9HUKRHYHQ)&&(WKH1HWKHUODQGV Talking DeadOLYHWDONVKRZGLUV5XVVHOO1RUPDQ0LNH&RUH\&DUULH+DYHO$0&± The Onedin LineGUDPDVHULHVGLUV*HUDOG%ODNH3HWHU*UDKDP6FRWW'DYLG5H\QROGV'DYLG 6XOOLYDQ3URXGIRRW'DYLG&XQOLIIH5RJHU-HQNLQV%HQ5HD/HQQLH0D\QH0LFKDHO +D\HV -RQDWKDQ $OZ\Q *LOFKULVW &DOGHU 3DXO &LDSSHVVRQL 3HWHU &UHJHHQ 9LNWRUV 5LWHOLV0DUW\Q)ULHQG'RXJODV&DPILHOG5D\PRQG0HQPXLU*HUDLQW0RUULV3HQQDQW 5REHUWV0RLUD$UPVWURQJ'DUURO%ODNH.HQ+DQQDP:LOOLDP6ODWHU&\ULO&RNH *DUHWK 'DYLHV &KULVWRSKHU %DUU\ 0LFKDHO ( %ULDQW 6WHSKHQ %XWFKHU 3HWHU *ULPZDGH$QGUHZ0RUJDQ%%&± The Walking DeadGUDPDVHULHV$0&± TimewatchGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV%%&± TimewatchGRFXPHQWDU\VHULHVHSLVRGH'DP%XVWHUV7KH5DFHWR6PDVKWKH*HUPDQ'DPV GLU$DURQSquare Eyes@JHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>KLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@GLU$QWRLQHWWH *URWH*DQVH\9352 Welkom bij de Romeinen>Welcome to the Roman Age@MHXJGJHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD>\RXWK KLVWRU\SURJUDPPH@GLU1LHN%DUHQGVHQ175 Wie was je opa's opa, opa? >Who Was Your Grandfather's Grandfather, Grandfather?@ GRFXPHQWDLUHVHULH>GRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV@GLU1LHN.RSSHQ9352±

  

Wij slaven van Suriname >We Slaves of Surinam@GRFXPHQWDLUHVHULH>GRFXPHQWDU\VHULHV@ GLUV)UDQN=LFKHP/XF+DHNHQV598 Yes, Prime MinisterVLWFRPGLUV*DUHWK*ZHQODQ-RQDWKDQ/\QQ8.79*ROG Zwartboek>Blackbook@GLU3DXO9HUKRHYHQ$)LOPWKH1HWKHUODQGV  :HEVLWHVDQGRQOLQHSRUWDOV  LQGHRRUORJ+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG-XQHKWWSZZZLQGHRRUORJQO ±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fonds Homepage$FFHVVHG 0D\KWWSZZZYIRQGVQO 9LPHR+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG$XJXVWKWWSZZZYLPHRFRP :DLVGD"9LGHR/DEHOLQJ*DPH+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG-XO\KWWSZZZZDLVGDQO :HONRPELMGH5RPHLQHQ+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG$SULO KWWSZZZVFKRROWYQOSURJUDPPDZHONRPELMGHURPHLQHQ :HONRPLQGH JRXGHQHHXZ+RPHSDJH $FFHVVHG$SULOKWWSJRXGHQHHXZQWUQO

  

6WDWHPHQWRI,QFOXVLRQRI3XEOLVKHG:RUN

7KLVWKHVLVLVP\RZQZRUN  $QHDUOLHUYHUVLRQRISDUWVRIFKDSWHUDQGSDUWVRIWKHLQWURGXFWLRQDQGFRQFOXVLRQZHUH SXEOLVKHGE\WKHDXWKRUDV+DJHGRRUQ%HUEHU 7HOHYLVLRQDVD+\EULG5HSHUWRLUHRI 0HPRU\1HZ'\QDPLF3UDFWLFHVRI&XOWXUDO0HPRU\LQWKH0XOWL3ODWIRUP(UD VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 2QR  ±$YDLODEOHRQOLQH KWWSZZZYLHZMRXUQDOHXLQGH[SKSYLHZDUWLFOHYLHZMHWKF

$QHDUOLHUYHUVLRQRISDUWVRIFKDSWHUDQGSDUWVRIWKHLQWURGXFWLRQZHUHSXEOLVKHGE\WKH DXWKRUDV+DJHGRRUQ%HUEHU 3HUIRUPLQJ&XOWXUDO0HPRU\7KH+RORFDXVWLQ'XWFK0XOWL 3ODWIRUP79'RFXPHQWDU\ ,QHolocaust Intersections: Genocide and Visual Culture at the New MilleniumHGLWHGE\$[HO%DQJHUW5REHUW6&*RUGRQDQG/LEE\6D[WRQ± 2[IRUG/HJHQGD

3DUWVRIFKDSWHUDQGSDUWVRIWKHLQWURGXFWLRQZHUHGHULYHGIURPDQDUWLFOHSXEOLVKHGE\WKH DXWKRULQContinuum: Journal of Media & Cultural StudiesRQ-XQH+DJHGRRUQ %HUEHU 7RZDUGVD3DUWLFLSDWRU\0HPRU\0XOWL3ODWIRUP6WRU\WHOOLQJLQ+LVWRULFDO 7HOHYLVLRQ'RFXPHQWDU\ Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 29QR   ±GRL$YDLODEOHRQOLQH KWWSZZZWDQGIRQOLQHFRP       

    6XPPDU\LQ(QJOLVK

Doing History, Creating Memory: Representing the Past in Documentary and Archive-Based Television Programmes within a Multi-Platform Landscape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±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ocDQGNostalgieNet%\PHDQVRIWKHVH

  

FDVHV,]RRPLQRQK\EULGLW\±PL[LQJEURDGFDVWWHOHYLVLRQDQGGLJLWDOFXOWXUH±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±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± ZKLFKIRFXVHVRQVLWHVRIPHPRU\ lieux de mémoire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±FKDOOHQJLQJDFFHSWHGYHUVLRQVRIKLVWRU\   

 

  Samenvatting in het Nederlands

Geschiedenis-televisie als geheugenpraktijk: De verbeelding van het verleden in documentaires en televisieprogramma's over geschiedenis via een multi-platform aanpak

Televisie is in het moderne medialandschap een belangrijk middel om voorbije en historische gebeurtenissen te representeren. Dit proefschrift bestudeert manieren waarop het verleden wordt verbeeld op de Nederlandse televisie als een multi-platform fenomeen. Dynamisch aanbod, zoals televisie-uitzendingen, crossmedia-platforms, digitale themakanalen en online televisiearchieven, biedt toegang tot een breed scala aan audiovisuele materialen. Door te onderzoeken hoe het samengaan van televisie met nieuwe mediatechnologieën haar rol als link met het verleden heeft beïnvloed, laat dit onderzoek zien hoe hedendaagse representaties van geschiedenis bijdragen aan de vorming van het culturele geheugen. In het bijzonder wordt de poëtica van op archiefmateriaal gebaseerde programma's en documentaires over geschiedenis geanalyseerd, en wel vanaf het jaar 2000 tot heden. In deze periode grepen televisieprofessionals in Nederland de kans om te experimenteren met verhaalvormen mogelijk gemaakt door de toegenomen digitalisering van archiefmateriaal en de aanwezigheid van online en digitale platformen. Dit onderzoek is gebaseerd op een tweeledige aanpak: een tekstuele analyse van audiovisuele casussen en een productiestudies benadering om inzicht te krijgen in de strategieën van programmamakers en multi-platform producties met betrekking tot historische gebeurtenissen. Een dergelijke aanpak onthult verschillende tekstuele, cultureel-historische en institutionele doelstellingen, strategieën en conventies voor het verbeelden van geschiedenis op de televisie, en maakt onderlinge machtsverhoudingen zichtbaar. Door middel van een analyse van diverse casussen kunnen verschillende aspecten van het vertellen van geschiedenis via televisie en televisie als een geheugenpraktijk in een multi- platform medialandschap worden toegelicht. De geselecteerde casussen zijn uitgezonden en online beschikbaar gesteld tussen begin 2000 en de eerste 6 maanden van 2015, en zijn nog online te volgen. Dit biedt een goed uitgangspunt voor een reflectie op de wisselwerking tussen verleden en heden via televisie. In elke casus worden verschillende dynamieken in de mate van cross- en transmedialiteit geëvalueerd, evenals de keuzes die de programmamakers hebben gemaakt om een bepaald soort geschiedenis weer te geven. Ten eerste belicht ik de manier waarop bronnen en verhalen over historische gebeurtenissen worden verzameld, geselecteerd, gereconstrueerd en gevisualiseerd door middel van specifieke criteria en strategieën bij langlopende geschiedenisprogramma's. Op basis van een analyse van het op archiefmateriaal en actualiteit gebaseerde geschiedenisprogramma ANDERE TIJDEN (NPS/NTR/VPRO, 2000– ) belicht ik de rol van televisie als middel om voorbije en historische gebeurtenissen te representeren, met een focus op hoe geschiedenis verbeeld wordt en wat voor soort geschiedenis televisiemakers creëren in het geval van wekelijkse geschiedenisprogrammering.

228

  7HQWZHHGHUHIOHFWHHULNRSGHEHWHNHQLVVHQGLHJHFRQVWUXHHUGZRUGHQGRRUPLGGHOYDQ FURVVPHGLDOH SURJUDPPHULQJ HQ narrowcasting XLW]HQGLQJHQ YRRU HHQ VHOHFW SXEOLHN  YDQ HHUGHUXLWJH]RQGHQJHVFKLHGHQLVHQQRVWDOJLVFKHSURJUDPPD VRSYHUVFKLOOHQGH1HGHUODQGVH GLJLWDOHWKHPDNDQDOHQLQKHWELM]RQGHUNPO Doc YRRUKHHQHolland Doc HQNostalgieNet 'RRUPLGGHOYDQGH]HFDVXVVHQOLFKWLNKHWEHODQJYDQK\EULGLWHLWWRH±KHWYHUPHQJHQYDQ WHOHYLVLHPHWGLJLWDOHFXOWXXU±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sUHQYDQQLHXZHLQ]LFKWHQGRRUKHW RQGHU GH DDQGDFKW EUHQJHQ YDQ JHVFKLHGHQLV ELM KHW KHGHQGDDJVH SXEOLHN GRRU PLGGHO YDQ EURDGFDVWLQJ HQ multi-platform storytelling PHWLQEHJULSYDQ]RZHOFURVVPHGLDOHDOV WUDQVPHGLDOHYHUWHOYRUPHQ  7HQYLHUGHOLFKWLNWRHKRHPDNHUVYDQWHOHYLVLHGRFXPHQWDLUHVPXOWLSODWIRUPVWUDWHJLHsQ JHEUXLNHQRPEHWURNNHQKHLGELMGH(XURSHVHJHVFKLHGHQLVYDQGHWZLQWLJVWHHHXZWRWVWDQGWH EUHQJHQHQZDWYHUYROJHQVGHPRJHOLMNKHGHQHQJHYROJHQ]LMQYRRUGHSDUWLFLSDWLHYDQNLMNHUV HQKHWFUHsUHQYDQFXOWXUHHOJHKHXJHQ2SEDVLVYDQHHQDQDO\VHYDQKHWFURVVPHGLDOH GRFXPHQWDLUHSURMHFW,1(8523$ 9352 ZDDULQSODDWVHQYDQKHULQQHULQJ lieux de mémoire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sUHQYDQFXOWXUHHOJHKHXJHQ(HUGHUXLWJHYRHUGRQGHU]RHNRPYDWKHW FXOWXUHOH JHKHXJHQ DOV JHGHHOGH HQ JHUHFRQVWUXHHUGH NHQQLV YDQ KHW YHUOHGHQ EXLWHQ PDDU QLHWWHPLQ YHUVWUHQJHOG PHW RIILFLs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sQ ELHGHQ HHQ PHHU GLUHFWHOLQNWXVVHQSXEOLHNHQEURQQHQYDQKLVWRULVFKHLQIRUPDWLHPDDURPWHOHYLVLHJHEUXLNHUV DFWLHIWHEHWUHNNHQPRHWHQFRQQHFWLHVPHWHQWXVVHQSURJUDPPD VYDQYROGRHQGHEHWHNHQLV]LMQ

  

'HEHVWXGHHUGHFDVXVVHQWRQHQDDQGDWWHOHYLVLHSURGXFWLHVRYHUJHVFKLHGHQLVGHUJHOLMNH RYHUZHJLQJHQPDNNHOLMNHUPDNHQGRRUDOOHHQGLHRQGHUGHOHQYDQKHWFROOHFWLHYHJHKHXJHQQDDU YRUHQWHKDOHQGLHKHWPHHVWUHOHYDQW]LMQRSHHQEHSDDOGHWLMGYRRUEHOHLGVPDNHUVHQNLMNHUV 'H]H YRUPHQ YDQ KHW YHUWHOOHQ YDQ JHVFKLHGHQLV RQWKXOOHQ GH YHUELQGHQGH DDUG YDQ KHW FXOWXUHHOJHKHXJHQJHNHQPHUNWGRRUHHQYRRUWGXUHQGSURFHVYDQRQGHUKDQGHOLQJ'HUJHOLMNH SUDNWLMNHQODWHQRQV]LHQKRHJHPHGLDWLVHHUGHQKRHSROLWLHNKHULQQHUHQHQYHUJHWHQNDQ]LMQ +HWKHUYHUWHOOHQYDQYHUKDOHQXLWKHWYHUOHGHQGRRUPLGGHOYDQWHOHYLVLHZRUGWWRWVWDQGJHEUDFKW HQHUYDUHQELQQHQVSHFLILHNHFXOWXUHOHWHNVWXHOHHQLQVWLWXWLRQHOHNDGHUV]RDOVJHVFKLHGHQLV JHKHXJHQ QDUUDWLYLWHLW PHGLXPVSHFLILFLWHLW KXLVVWLMOHQ PHGLDEHOHLG HQ WRHJDQNHOLMNKHLG ,QWHUSUHWDWLHV ZRUGHQ RRN JHYRUPG GRRU PLGGHO YDQ GH YHUZDFKWLQJHQ YDQ NLMNHUV HQ GH SHUVRRQOLMNH YHUERQGHQKHLG YDQ WHOHYLVLHNLMNHUV HQ JHEUXLNHUV PHW GH SURJUDPPDLQKRXG 'HUJHOLMNH HUYDULQJHQ ZRUGHQ RS KXQ EHXUW JHVWXXUG GRRU GH PDQLHU ZDDURS LQKRXG WRHJDQNHOLMNZRUGWJHPDDNWGRRUWHOHYLVLHSURGXFHQWHQHQSURJUDPPDPDNHUV1LHXZHGLJLWDOH WHFKQRORJLHsQ ]LMQ GH GULMYHQGH NUDFKW DFKWHU GH]H VWHHGV PHHU JHNRSSHOGH HUYDULQJHQ DDQJHERGHQYLDKHWPHGLXPWHOHYLVLH 'H]H GLVVHUWDWLH WRRQW GHUKDOYH DDQ WHQ HHUVWH KRH GH VHOHFWLH HQ YHUVSUHLGLQJ YDQ KLVWRULVFKHYHUKDOHQHQDXGLRYLVXHOHPDWHULDOHQLQQLHXZHFRQWH[WHQYDQWHOHYLVLHZHUNHQPHW EHWUHNNLQJ WRW SURFHVVHQ YDQ PHGLDWLVHULQJ GH JURHLHQGH LQYORHG YDQ PHGLD LQ FXOWXXU HQ PDDWVFKDSSLM K\EULGLWHLW KHWYHUPHQJHQYDQWHOHYLVLHPHWGLJLWDOHFXOWXXU HQVDPHQVWHOOLQJ GH URO YDQ WHOHYLVLHSURIHVVLRQDOV DOV FRQVHUYDWRUHQ YDQ KHW YHUOHGHQ  HQ WHQ WZHHGH KRH GHUJHOLMNHSUDNWLMNHQKHOSHQRPLQGLYLGXHOHHQFROOHFWLHYHFXOWXUHOHKHULQQHULQJHQWH]RHNHQWH EHKRXGHQHQWHYHUEHHOGHQ2SGHWHOHYLVLHXLWJH]RQGHQJHVFKLHGHQLVSURJUDPPD VYHUELQGHQ NLMNHUVHQJHEUXLNHUVPHWKHWYHUOHGHQHQELHGHQGHQRGLJHFRQWH[WXHOHNDGHUVGRRUPLGGHOYDQ FURVVPHGLDOHHQWUDQVPHGLDOHSURGXFWLHVZDDUELMRQYHUPLQGHUGKHWEHODQJYDQKHWYHUWHOOHQ YDQYHUKDOHQHQKHULQQHULQJHQZRUGWDDQJHWRRQG±DOGXVEOLMYHQJDQJEDUHLQWHUSUHWDWLHVYDQ JHVFKLHGHQLVXLWJHGDDJG  

 

    $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV

7KLVGLVVHUWDWLRQKDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWLQWKHFRQWH[WRIWKH(XURSHDQSURMHFWVEUscreenDQG EUscreenXLZKLFKSURPRWHWKHXVHRIWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQWWRH[SORUH(XURSH VULFKDQGGLYHUVH FXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ ZZZHXVFUHHQHX ,ZRXOGILUVWDQGIRUHPRVWOLNHWRWKDQNSURIGU6RQMDGH /HHXZDQGSURIGU(JJR0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±DQG VLQFH±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

  

%LRJUDSK\

%HUEHU +DJHGRRUQ LV VSHFLDOLVHG LQ 0HGLD DQG &XOWXUDO 6WXGLHV $IWHU FRPSOHWLQJ KHU GLVVHUWDWLRQ Doing History, Creating Memory: Representing the Past in Documentary and Archive-Based Television Programmes within a Multi-Platform Landscape DW 8WUHFKW 8QLYHUVLW\VKHQRZZRUNVDVDQ$VVLVWDQW3URIHVVRUDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI*URQLQJHQ5HVHDUFK &HQWUHIRU0HGLD6WXGLHVDQG-RXUQDOLVP6KHUHVHDUFKHVWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRISDVWHYHQWV PXOWLSODWIRUPVWRU\WHOOLQJFXOWXUDOPHPRU\DQGWKHUHXVHRIDUFKLYDOIRRWDJHSDUWLFXODUO\LQ UHODWLRQWRWHOHYLVLRQILOPDQGGLJLWDOPHGLD+HUGLVVHUWDWLRQSURMHFWZDVFDUULHGRXWLQWKH FRQWH[WRIEUscreenXLZKLFKSURPRWHVWKHXVHRIWHOHYLVLRQFRQWHQWWRH[SORUH(XURSH VULFK DQGGLYHUVHFXOWXUDOKLVWRU\ ZZZHXVFUHHQHX 3UHYLRXVO\+DJHGRRUQZRUNHGDVDUHVHDUFKHU IRUWKH(XURSHDQSURMHFWVVideo ActiveDQGEUscreen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