25th ANNIVERSARY ISCE MEETING

State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. August 17–22, 2008

international society of chemical ecology Anniversary MEETING 25 th

1 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 2 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI in fundingthefollowingISCEawards: We thankthesponsorsbelowfortheirgenerosity Silverstein-Simeone Award Silver MedalAward Student T New York, NY10013 233 SpringStreet Springer cience+BusinessMedia Bend, OR 97702 213 SWColumbiaStreet Suterra LLC Adair, OK74330 PO Box129 T récé Incorporated ravel Awards Meeting Overview

25th anniversary ISCE meeting

3 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 4 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Scientific Program,Monday–Thursday, 18–21August Sunday, 17August Friday, 22August Thursday, 21August Wednesday, 20August Tuesday, 19August Monday, 18August Parallel Session6(Room11):PheromoneIdentification,Biosynthesis Parallel Session5(BergAuditorium):Plant–InsectInteractions Symposium 4(Thursday):ChemicalEcologyofDiseaseTransmission Symposium 3(Wednesday): PhylogeneticAnalysesofPlantDefenseandInsectHostRange Poster Session2 Parallel Session4(Room11):InsectDefenseandPreyLocation Parallel Session3(BergAuditorium):Plant–InsectInteractions Symposium 2(Tuesday): ChemicalDeception/Mimicry Poster Session1 Parallel Session2(Room11):InsectPheromones(Olfaction,Evolution,Application) Parallel Session1(BergAuditorium):Plant–InsectInteractions(Belowground,Elicitors) Symposium 1(Monday):ChemicalEcologyofPlant–PlantInteractions inthemainprogram. Oral presentationsbeingjudgedforanawardarehighlightedingray Poster viewing,3rdand4thFloorBridges Parallel afternoonsessionseachday, BergAuditoriumandRoom11 Plenary sessions,100BergAuditorium A registrationdeskwillbeoutsideofBergAuditoriumduringthemeeting Welcome reception,NittanyLionInn,AlumniLounge,19.00–22.00,livemusic:jazz Registration, NittanyLionInnRotunda,15.00–20.00 Executive committeemeeting,BoardRoom1,15.00–17.00 Final businessmeeting (NittanyLionInn,BoardRoom 1), 10.00–11.00 ThePennStaterConferenceCenter Hotel,19.00–24.00,livedancemusic:80srock) Hall, (President’s Wood David speaker ceremony, awards Banquet, barbecue,livemusic:bluegrass) Outing toBlackMoshannon(leaveat14.00forhiking,swimming,boating, Morning sessiononly(8.30–12.00)Freetimestartingat12.00intotheevening) Even-numbered posterviewing,20.30–22.00 LifeSciencesBuilding,19.30–20.30) Auditorium, Berg (100 Bergström Gunnar Lecture, Award Medal Silver Odd-numbered posterviewing,20.30-22.00 LifeSciencesBuilding,19.30–20.30 Auditorium, Berg 100 Vosshall, Leslie Lecture, Silverstein–Simeone 25th AnniversaryISCe MEETINGOVERVIEW (allinLifeSciencesBuilding) 5 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI MEETING OVERVIEW 6 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Main Program

25th anniversary ISCE meeting

7 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 8 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 22.00 19.00– 20.00 15.00– 19.00 15.00– 17.00 15.00– Nittany LionInn,AlumniLounge Welcome Reception, sessions inBergAuditorium,LifeSciencesBuilding. The restoftheweek,aregistrationdeskwillbeoutside New registrantsarewelcometoregisteratthistime abstract books,nametags Preregistered participantscanpickuptheirprintedprogram/ Nittany LionInn,Rotunda Registration, walking aroundcampustown Free timeforinformalscientificdiscussions, Nittany LionInn,BoardRoom1 ISCE xecutiveCommitteeMeeting, SUNDAY , 17August

9 SUN MONMON TUETUE WEDWED THUTHU FRIFRI SUNDAY 10 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 14.00 12.00– 12.00 11.35– 11.35 11.20– 11.20 10.55– 10.55 10.30– 10.30 10.10– 10.10 9.45– 9.45 9.20– 9.20 8.50– Chair: ConsueloDeMoraes,PennStateUniversity (100 BergAuditorium,8.50–12.00) Symposium 1:ChemicalEcologyofPlant–PlantInteractions 8.50 8.35– 8.35 8.30– = oralpresentationsbeing judgedforanaward Lunch onOwn Talking Trees andGroaningGrasses:Past,Present,Future Schultz JC Allelopathy: ProblemsandOpportunities Khan MA Struggling forLight:RegulationofPlant–PlantInteractions Pierik R in aTritrophic Context Chemical InteractionbetweenUndamagedPlants Glinwood R Coffee Break Chemical CommunicationamongPlants De MoraesC Individuals AffectsHerbivory Volatile CommunicationamongandbetweenSagebrush Karban R Hypotheses andPracticalDevelopments Constitutive andInducedPlant–PlantSignaling: Pickett JA Introduction, DeanRobertSteele,PennState Welcome, JimTumlinson MonDAY , 18August 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 University Park,PA Penn StateUniversity, Moraes, Chair: ConsueloDe 14.15 14.00– 15.50–17.20 AndrewStephenson,PennState Moderators: 14.00–15.30HeidiAppel,UniversityofMissouri (100 BergAuditorium,14.00–17.20) Parallel Session1:Plant–Insectnteractions(Belowground,Elicitors) 16.35 16.20– 16.20 16.05– 16.05 15.50– 15.50 15.30– 15.30 15.15– 15.15 15.00– 15.00 14.45– 14.45 14.30– 14.30 14.15– for BiologicalControl Mechanisms ofTransgenic BtMaizeandImplications Above- andBelowgroundDirectIndirectDefense Zwahlen C Visualizing CaterpillarOralSecretionson Leaves Peiffer M Saliva RevealedbyMicroarrayAnalysis Tomato PlantGeneExpressionAlteredbyCaterpillarLabial Musser RO What PossibleFunction? Diversity ofCaeliferinsinAmericanGrasshoppers, Alborn HT Coffee Break for ImpendingNeonateFeeding Tomato PlantsArePrimedbyHelicoverpazeaOviposition Kim J Chemo-Sensors Plant Volatiles forMonitoringGreenhouseCropsbyElectronic Intelligent PestMonitoring:CreatingaDatabaseofPest-Induced Miresmailli S (Asclepias spp.) Above- andBelowgroundHerbivoresintheMilkweeds Cardenolides, InducedResponses,andInteractionsbetween Rasmann S Belowground Herbivores Aboveground-Induced ResistanceuponInfestationby Involvement ofABAinSignalingNetworkMediating Erb M for EntomopathogenicNematodes Enhancing theAttractivenessofMaizeRoots Hiltpold I continued... 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 11 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLEL SESSION 1 12 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLEL SESSION 2 ...continued 16.05 15.50– 15.50 15.30– 15.30 15.15– 15.15 15.00– 15.00 14.45– 14.45 14.30– 14.30 14.15– 14.15 14.00– 15.50–17.20 JeffreyAldrich,USDA–ARSBeltsville Moderators: 14.00–15.30WilhelmBoland,MaxPlanck (Room 11,14.00–17.20) (Olfaction, Evolution,Application) Parallel Session2:InsectPheromones 17.20 17.05– 17.05 16.50– 16.50 16.35– = oralpresentationsbeing judgedforanaward Apis mellifera Pheromones MediatingReproductiveConflicts intheHoneyBee, Hefetz A Coffee Break under LocalMateCompetition?AnOlfactoryApproach How ImportantIsSexforFemalesofaHaplodiploidSpecies Steiner Phyllophaga: PheromonesandPhylogenetics Robbins PS Ostrinia nubilalistotheSexPheromoneofO.furnacalis Selection forIncreasedProportionof“Rare”RespondingMale Linn CE Looper MothResponsetoSexPheromone Trade-off betweenSensitivityandSpecificityintheCabbage Allison JD Male MothSensillatrichodeabyUsingAtomicForceMicroscopy Evidence foraNano-Level“OlfactoryLens”FoundonIndividual Baker TC The OR83bReceptorinDrosophila—MolecularFunctions Hansson BS Plants? Apocarotenoids—Signaling CompoundsofZygomycetesand Schachtschabel D Insects: IdentificationofFattyAcidAminoConjugates Increased UniversalityofLepidopteranElicitorCompoundsacross Mori N in theInsectGutandItsSignificanceforHerbivore Enzyme-Assisted Isomerizationof12-OxophytodienoicAcid Dabrowska P ˛ 47 46 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 48 16.50 16.35– 16.35 16.20– 16.20 16.05– 22.00 20.30– 20.30 19.30– Evening vents 19.15 17.20– 17.20 17.05– 17.05 16.50– Mating Disruption Effects ofAutodetectionSexPheromoneontheEfficacy Harari AR Weevil, Cosmopolitessordidus(Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Enhanced Pheromone-BasedTrapping MethodforBanana Reddy GVP Finds theOverwinteringSitesinMexico Heading forHome:ATestable HypothesisofHowtheMonarch McNeil J Third andFourthFloorLifeSciencesBuildingBridges Presenters ofodd-numberedpostersatstations, Poster Viewing (100 BergAuditorium,LifeSciencesBuilding) Genetics ofOdorPerceptioninInsects V Dinner onOwn Novel ApproachesUsingPush-PullStrategyforStableFlyControl Zhu JJ Moth, Caloptiliafraxinella(Lepidoptera:Gracillariidae) Endocrine ControlofSexPheromoneResponseinaLong-Lived Lemmen J osshall LBSilverstein–imeoneLecture. 70–104 69 64 63 62 61 60 13 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLEL SESSION 2 & Evening 14 SUN MON TUETUE WEDWED THU THU FRIFRI SYMPOSIUM 2 14.00 12.00– 12.00 11.45– 11.45 11.30– 11.30 11.15– 11.15 10.45– 10.45 10.15– 10.15 10.00– 10.00 9.30– 9.30 9.00– 9.00 8.30– Chair: BillHansson,MaxPlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology (100 BergAuditorium,8.30–12.00) Symposium 2:ChemicalDeception/Mimicry = oralpresentationsbeing judgedforanaward Lunch onOwn Used bytheObligatelyAnt-AssociatedButterfly Synthesis andGC-EADAnalysisofSemiochemicalsPutatively Hofferberth JE Jalmenus evagoras(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae) Host AntRecognitionintheObligatelyAnt-AssociatedButterfly Butterfly OlfactoryResponsestoAnt Volatiles: PotentialCuesfor Fraser AM (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Chemical MimicryintheDesertTenebrionid SubtribeStizopina Geiselhardt S Arum Pollination—FunctionandEvolution Urru I Apoidea, Colletidae)andTheirAssociated“Chemical”Parasites The Hitchhiker’s GuidetoSexualDeception:ColletesBees(Hym. V Coffee Break Fly-Mediated SporeDispersalinDungMosses(Splachnaceae) Insult withoutInjury:TheEvolutionofChemicalMimicryand Raguso RA Floral ScentinDeceptiveApocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae Dötterl S Pollinator AttractionandDeceptioninWasp-Flowers A evagoras inHostAntSelection ereecken NJ yasse M TuesDAY , 19August Jalmenus 108 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 14.15 14.00– 15.50–17.20 JudithBecerra,UniversityofArizona Moderators: 14.00–15.30JenniferThaler, Cornell University (100 BergAuditorium,14.00–17.20) Parallel Session3:Pant–Insectnteratins 16.35 16.20– 16.20 16.05– 16.05 15.50– 15.50 15.30– 15.30 15.15– 15.15 15.00– 15.00 14.45– 14.45 14.30– 14.30 14.15– citrella (Lepidoptera:Gracillariidae) Mating byPheromoneBlendsoftheLeafminer and ResponseSurfacesSupportNoncompetitiveDisruptionof Optimizing ChemicalDeception:GeometricMultivariateDesigns Lapointe SL Deters OvipositionbyPierisrapae Indole-3-Acetonitrile ProductionfromIndole Glucosinolates De V Is ChitinaKeySignalinPlantResponsestoInsects? Appel H Methyl JasmonateReconfiguresPrimaryMetabolism tabacum RevealsNewInsightsintotheTimeline bywhich Metabolic FluxAnalysisusing13Nand11Cin Ferrieri RA Coffee Break Loew (Diptera:Tephritidae) Host AttractantsforEthiopianFruitFly, Dacusciliatus Soroker V of Host-Specific Volatile Compounds (Homoptera: Aphididae):HostRecognitionintheAbsence Host LocationintheBlackBeanAphid, Webster B cals inPlantsbyUsingMALDIMassSpectrometricImaging From LeaftoBite:SpatialDistributionMappingofAllelochemi Svatoš A and Herbivores Metabolomic AnalysisoftheInteractionbetweenPlants Jansen JJ Attraction andPathogenDefence Components ofExtrafloralNectar:TheirFunctioninAnt Gonzalez-T os M euber M Aphis fabae Nicotana Phyllocnistis - continued... 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 15 SUN MON TUETUE WEDWED THU THU FRIFRI PARALLEL Session 3 16 SUN MON TUETUE WEDWED THU THU FRIFRI Parallel Session 4 ...continued 15.50 15.30– 15.30 15.15– 15.15 15.00– 15.00 14.45– 14.45 14.30– 14.30 14.15– 14.15 14.00– Research, 15.50–17.20MarthaWeiss, GeorgetownUniversity Moderator: 14.00–15.30AllardA.Cossé,NationalCenterforAgriculturalUtilization (Room 11,14.00–17.20) Parallel Session4:Insect Defense andPreyLocation 17.20 17.05– 17.05 16.50– 16.50 16.35– Coffee Break to aPreyPheromone,Ipsenol,inClerid Predator Variety ofPreySignals:OlfactoryExperienceModifiesResponses How aGeneralistPredatorofBarkBeetles CanDealwitha Costa A oleae (Bern) Sex Pheromone(Z Response ofTrichogramma EggParasitoidstowardtheSynthetic Mylonas PG in anArctiidMoth(Utetheisaornatrix) A FreeMeal:NoCostsforAcquiringDefensivePlantAlkaloids Cogni R Trissolcus basalis Nezara viridulaThatInduceArrestmentintheEggParasitoid Chemical CharacterizationoftheFootprintsLeftbyAdult Lo GiudiceD in ResponsetoTheirSocialEnvironment Production ofAlarmPheromonebyDevelopingAphidsVaries V Chrysopidae) Semiochemical InvestigationsofLacewings(Neuroptera: Aldrich JR against HerbivorousInsects Moraceae Plants:ChemicalsandProteinswithDefensiveRoles Interspecific andIntraspecificDiversityofLatexIngredientsin Konno K Insect Spodopteralittoralis Detoxification ofIsothiocyanatesintheGeneralistLepidopteran Schramm K to anOldChallenge Cardenolide Tolerance inExposedInsects—NewApproaches Petschenka G erheggen FJ )-7-Tetradecenal, oftheOliveMoth,Prays 128 127 137 136 135 134 133 132 129 16.35 16.20– 16.20 16.05– 16.05 15.50– 22.00 20.30– 20.30 19.30– Evening vents 19.15 17:20– 17.20 17.05– 17.05 16.50– 16.50 16.35– = oralpresentationsbeingjudgedforanaward Changes inAmbientTemperature intheRedImportedFireAnt Changes inCuticularHydrocarbonCompositionRelationto Anderson J Recognition Cues? Fire AntCuticularHydrocarbons:AResearchTool andNestmate V by Mud-DauberWasps Spiders’ CuticularHydrocarbonsMediatePreyRecognition Uma D Third andFourthFloorLifeSciencesBuildingBridges Presenters ofeven-numberedpostersatstations, Poster Viewing (100 BergAuditorium,LifeSciencesBuilding) Molecular Specificity:RecognitionvsDeception Silver MedalA Bergström G Dinner onOwn Dominance The UrineofMozambiqueTilapia MalesSignalsSocial Barata EN and SexualReceptivity Carp (Cyprinuscarpio)IsTightly CorrelatedwithEndocrine State Sensitivity toanAttractiveMaleSexPheromoneintheCommon Lim H Common Carp Pheromones inTwo SpeciesofRelatedFish,theGoldfishand Function andComplexityofSpecies-SpecificAggregation Levesque H ander MeerRK ward Lecture. 183 149– 147 143 142 141 140 139 138 17 SUN MON TUETUE WEDWED THU THU FRIFRI Parallel Session 4 & Evening 18 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 3 = oralpresentationsbeing judgedforanaward 20.00– 19.00 14.00– 14.00 12.00– 11.40 11.25– 11.25 11.00– 11.00 10.35– 10.35 10.10– 10.10 9.45– 9.45 9.20– 9.20 8.55– 8.55 8.30– Chair: AnuragAgrawal,CornellUniversity (100 BergAuditorium,8.30–12.00) Symposium 3:PhylogeneticAnalysesofPlantDefenseandInsectHostRange Evening Free swimming, barbecue,livemusic:bluegrass) Outing toBlackMoshannonStatePark(hiking,boating, Lunch onOwn The MacroevolutionofLeafDefensiveTraits inOaks Pearse IS Phylogenetic EscalationandDeclineofPlantDefenseStrategies Agrawal AA in theAcacia–PseudomyrmexSystem Parasites ofaMutualism:StrategiesandPhylogeneticHistories Heil M Coffee Break Coevolutionary KeyInnovation Evolutionary OriginsandGeneticBasisofaPlant–Insect V Their InferredChemicalBasis:ASynopsisofRecentEvidence Phylogenetic PatternsofInsect–Herbivore/PlantInteractionand Mitter C Blepharida BeetlesonBurseraPlants The EvolutionaryPlayandtheEcologicalTheater: Becerra JX Pollination SystemsinDalechpiaVines(Euphorbiaceae) Secondary ChemistryLinkstheMacroevolutionofDefenseand Armbruster WS ogel H WednesDAY , 20August 186 192 191 190 189 188 187 9.00 8.30– and MarkMescher, PennStateUniversity Chairs: SanfordEigenbrode,UniversityofIdaho (100 BergAuditorium,8.30-11.40) SYMPOSIUM 4:ChemicalEcologyofDiseaseT 14.00 12.00– 11.40 11.20– 11.20 10.55– 10.55 10.25– 10.25 10.05– 10.05 9.50– 9.50 9.25– 9.25 9.00– virus inPotato Disease ProgressionandtheChemicalEcologyof Eigenbrode SD Lunch onOwn That MediateOvipositionSitePreferencesby Identification ofBacteriaandBacteria-AssociatedChemicalCues Schal C Metabolomics ofPlant–PathogenInteraction Kushalappa AC Induced ResistanceinPine Metabolomics andProteomicsofSystemic Bonello P Coffee Break Disease asaSexuallyTransmitted Disease Transmission inCucurbitapepossp.texana:BacterialWilt Interrelationships onInbreeding,Herbivory, andPathogen Sasuclark M Pathogen-Induced PlantVolatiles andDiseaseEcology Mescher C Plant VirusesBenefitTheirHerbivore Vectors Belliure B ThursDAY , 21August ransmission Aedes aegypti Potato leafroll continued... 202 201 200 199 198 197 196 19 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRIFRI SYMPOSIUM 4 20 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRIFRI Parallel Session 5 ...continued 16.35 16.20– 16.20 16.05– 16.05 15.50– 15.50 15.30– 15.30 15.15– 15.15 15.00– 15.00 14.45– 14.45 14.30– 14.30 14.15– 14.15 14.00– 15.50–17.20 RobRaguso,CornellUniversity Moderators: 14.00–15.30T (100 BergAuditorium,14.00–17.20) Parallel Session5:Plant–Insectnteractions populi andChrysomelatremulae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in FemalesoftheGuatemalanMothTecia solanivora Volatile SignaturesfromPotatoMediateOviposition Witzgall P Volatile ChemicalCuesInvolvedinTomato–Whitefly Interactions Schuurink R Defense RootExudatesinBarley Delivery totheRootsanddenovoBiosynthesisof Effect ofFusariumgraminearumInfestationonCarbon Röse USR Coffee Break Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Grasshopper Zonocerusvariegatus(Orthoptera)Adaptedto Investigation ofaSpecificDetoxifyingEnzymefromtheAfrican Wang L Salicyl AlcoholOxidaseofDefensiveSecretions Molecular CloningandFunctionalExpressionofanExtracellular Michalski C from Medicagotruncatula Mechanistic AspectsofaMultiproductSesquiterpeneSynthase Garms S thesis inChrysomelinaLarvaePhaedoncochleariae Identification ofBranchPointEnzymeswithintheIridoidBiosyn Frick S Volatile Emission Heavy MetalStressPrimesforHerbivore-Induced Rostás M Producing LeafBeetleLarvae Transport SystemsSupportsBothModesofDefenseinIridoid- De NovoBiosynthesisVersus Sequestration:ANetworkof Boland W ed T urlings, UniversityofNeuchâtel Chrysomela - 215 214 213 212 211 210 209 207 208 = oralpresentationsbeing judgedforanaward 17.20 17.05– 17.05 16.50– 16.50 16.35– 14.30 14.15– 14.15 14.00– 15.50–17.20 JocelynMillar, UniversityofCalifornia-Riverside Moderator: 14.00–15.30RingCardé,UniversityofCalifornia-Riverside (14.00–17.05, Room11) Parallel Session6:Pheromone Identification, Biosynthesis 15.30 15.15– 15.15 15.00– 15.00 14.45– 14.45 14.30– Cydia pomonella(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) Host- andNonhostPlantVolatiles intheCodlingMoth, Relationship ofAntennalORNResponseProfileswith Park KC Specialist Moth,GrapeBerryMoth(Paralobesiaviteana) Plasticity inVolatile-Based HostRecognitionofa Cha DH carolinense andItsImpactonVolatile Production Plasticity intheSelf-IncompatibilitySystemof Stephenson AG Identification ofC Ando T the Avocado SeedMoth,Stenomacatenifer Structure astheSexPheromoneofanInvasivePestSpecies, Proactive ChemicalEcology:IdentificationofaNovelDienynal Millar JG Produced MacrocyclicLactoneandtoAsh BarkVolatiles Borer, Agrilusplanipennis(Coleoptera:Buprestidae)toFemale- Behavioral andElectrophysiologicalResponses ofEmeraldAsh Cossé AA Sirex noctilio as ContactSexPheromoneComponentsoftheWoodwasp What aDifferenceCoatMakes:CuticularHydrocarbons Böröczky K Buprestidae), toDetermineConspecificGender Emerald AshBorers,AgrilusplanipennisFairmaire(Coleoptera: Behavioral EvidenceforaContactCueUsedbyMale Lelito JP (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Pheromone andHostVolatiles inHedypathesbetulinus Response ofFemalesToward aCombinationofMaleSex Zarbin PHG Moth, Syntomoidesimaon(Arctiidae:Syntominae) Novel C 20 andC 22 Trienyl BiosyntheticPrecursorsfromaWasp 21 Type IISexPheromoneComponentsand Solanum continued... 223 218 217 216 228 227 226 225 224 21 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRIFRI Parallel Session 6 22 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRIFRI Parallel Session 6 & Evening ...continued 24.00 19.00– Evening vents 17.05 16.50– 16.50 16.35– 16.35 16.20– 16.20 16.05– 16.05 15.50– 15.50 15.30– live dancemusic:80srock.Transportation willbeprovided. President’s Hall,ThePennStaterConferenceCenterHotel, Chemical EcologyMemories. Banquet speakerDavidL.Wood, Banquet, A (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Mating BehaviorandPheromoneStudiesof Abdullah F Gland SecretionsofBirds of ComplexMixturesLongChainEstersUropygial 1D and2DNMRTechniques toElucidateStructures Haribal MM of thePheromoneBlend An OxidoreductaseDeterminestheFinalStereospecificity Terminal StepsinIpsdienolBiosynthesis Blomquist GJ Pheromones ofSitonadiscoideus oisomers of5-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone–PotentialSex Use ofPlantTissues Toward aNewSynthesisofAllStere- Bohman B eroptera: Miridae) Sex PheromoneofthePlantBugPhytocoriscalliKnight(Het- Zhang Q-H Coffee Break wards Ceremony. Ips spp.: Lasiodactus pictus 229 236 233 232 231 230 12.00 10.00– Nittany LionInn,BoardRoom1 Final BusinessMeeting, FRIDAY , 22August 23 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI FINAL BUSINESS MEETING 24 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Plant–Plant Interactions Chemical Ecologyof 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building Penn StateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA Chair: Consuelo Consuelo Chair: D e e M oraes, oraes, 1 SYMPOSIUM MONDAY, 18 AUGUST 25 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 26 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 product defencechemistry, whichhaslessonsfor intensiveagriculture. natural of type this exploiting in value the of demonstration clear a provides and regions effect onstemborersandwitchweed hascausedarapidtake-upbyfarmersintargeted dramatically controlstheparasiticAfrican witchweedStrigahermonthica.Thecombined One typeofintercropcomprisescattle foragelegumesinthegenusDesmodiumandalso (3). semiochemicals defence stress-related producing by pests the repel that intercrops system forcontrollinglepidopterousstemborersbyusinghighlyattractive trapcropsand push-pull a developed the InternationalCentreofInsectPhysiologyandEcology(icipe), particularly viacollaborationinBrazil.InAfrica,wehavewithcollaborators, particularly activation ofdefencehasbeenfoundinbothsoyaandcottonwill bedeveloped and diseasemonitoring.Althoughthemainworkisdirectedtowheat, recentlystrong plant defenceactivatorssuchascis-jasmone,therebyactingsentinelplantsforpest the unknownantibioticagentsinbarley. Plantscanbemodifiedtoreportpresenceof trimethylsilylated derivatives,provideananalyticaltoolfortheestimation oftheseand 2. Proc.Natl.Acad. Sci. USA103:10509–10513. 1. Curr. Opin.PlantBiol.10:387–392. means bywhichtheinductionofexpressionisinvestigated.HPLCand MS this system,theassociatedgenesareknownandquantitativeRT-PCR isprovidinga to thisobservedresistanceandisnowbeingexploitedinabreedingprogramme. With aphids. Inwheat,enhancedproductionofhydroxamicacids(benzoxazinoids)contributes and barley, thereisalsoaninductionwithcis-jasmoneofantibioticeffectsagainst will provideusefulmeansbywhichtoelucidatetheassociatedgenetics.Inbothwheat time toincreaseforagingbytheirparasitoids.Differentialinductionbetweencultivars 2-one, whichservedbothtorepelherbivorouspestssuchasaphidsbutatthesame compound, theproductionofwhichisinducedbycis-jasmone,tobe6-methyl-5-hepten- tions withinsectsusingelectrophysiologicalandbehaviouralassayshaveshownone tion againstaphidshasbeenestablishedinthefield.Chemicalstudiesandinvestiga- in thelevelofdefenceinducedbycis-jasmone.Withsomecultivars,long-termprotec- thaliana andotherorganisms(2).Incereals,thereareconsiderablevarietaldifferences by microarray, theuseofknockoutlines,andbyfunctionalgeneexpressionstudiesin A. molecular geneticmechanismsinvolvedarebeinginvestigatedinArabidopsisthaliana tivity ofjasmonicacid,suggestscis-jasmonetobesignificantagriculturalvalue.The with arelativelyrestrictedeffectonotheraspectsofmetabolismcomparedtheac- after itsroleasaplanthormonewasover. However, theinductionofdefence,combined mone wasthoughttorepresentaninactivesinkbywhichjasmonicacidcatabolised fects onup-regulatinggeneexpressionassociatedwithplantdefence.Originally, cis -jas- such work,cis-jasmonehasbeenidentifiedashavinghighlyspecificandpersistentef- to identifyinsectsemiochemicalsthatalsoinducedefenceresponsesinplants(1).From By studyingplant–insectinteractions,particularlyinmultitrophicsystems,itispossible Corresponding author:[email protected] United Kingdom 2JQ, AL5 Hertfordshire, Harpenden, Research, Rothamsted Chemistry, Biological of Department Pickett JA and PracticalDevelopments Constitutive andInducedPlant–PlantSignaling:Hypotheses n , afterGCon

although thegeneralityofthisphenomenonisstillunclear. systems indicatethatplant–plantcommunicationisnotrestrictedtosagebrush several from Results limited. was communication vascular as defenses coordinate to of sagebrush.Volatile communicationwasrequiredforbranchesofthesameplant necessarily reduceherbivory. Volatiles inhibitedgerminationofpotentialcompetitors herbivores. Volatiles attractedmorepredatorsandparasitesalthoughthesedidnot caused multipleconsequences,althoughtheywerenotdirectlyrepellenttofeeding age byherbivoresatdistancesupto60cm.Volatiles releasedbyclippedsagebrush Sagebrush individualsnearclippedsagebrushneighborsalsoexperiencedlessdam- cm. 10-15 within proximity, close very in plants for found only was but contact air fruit thantobacconearunclippedsagebrushinthefield.Thiscommunicationrequired sagebrush experiencedlessdamagebyherbivoresandproducedasmanyormore sagebrush andpottedtomatoplants,wefoundthatwildtobacconearclipped Following FarmerandRyan’s labdemonstrationofvolatilecommunicationbetween herbivores. by damage to resistance their affect can plants between Communication Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA Karban R als AffectsHerbivory V olatile CommunicationamongandbetweenSagebrushIndividu- 27 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 28 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 10. Science(2006)313:1964–1967. 9. Science(2006)311:812–815. 8. Ecology(2006)87:922–930. 7. Oecologia(2006)148:280–292. 5. PlantPhysiol.(1999)121:325–331. 3. Science(1990)250:1251–1253. 2. Trends PlantSci.(2002)10:269–274. 1. Curr. Opin.Plant.Biol.5:237–243. sues inchemicalecologyisdiscussed. in poplarsaplings(10).Thesignificanceofthesefindingsforbroaderconceptualis- work ontheroleofvolatilesinwithin-plantsignalingthatprimesdefenseresponses examining theroleofvolatilesinhostlocationbyparasiticplants(9)andourrecent recent findingsonplant-to-plantcommunicationviavolatiles,includingourstudies volatiles inplant-to-plantcommunication(6,7,8).Thistalksummarizessomeofour tile mediatedplant–insectinteractionsandanenhancedunderstandingoftherole contributed toanincreasedappreciationofthecomplexityandsophisticationvola- communication involvingvolatilesbut,inrecentyears,anumberofdiscoverieshave tive toplant–insectinteractions,farfewerstudieshavedocumentedplant-to-plant attracting predatoryandparasiticinsectsthatattackfeedingherbivores(3,4,5).Rela- plant volatilesfunctionasanindirectmodeofdefensebecausetheirrolein (1,2), feed to which on plants for searching pollinators and insects herbivorous for spread andhavebeenextensivelydocumented.Inadditiontoservingasforagingcues airborne signals.Volatile-mediated interactionsamongplantsandinsectsarewide- about theidentityandstatusofemittingplantstoorganismsthatreceivethese and inresponsetoenvironmentalvariation,plantvolatilescanconveyinformation the makeupofchemicalblendemittedbyaplantvariesconsiderablyacrosstaxa so doing,emitairbornechemicalsthatcanbeperceivedbyotherorganisms.Because Plants engageincontinuousgasexchangewiththesurroundingatmosphereand, Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center De MoraesC,escherC,RunyonJ,andFrost Chemical CommunicationamongPlants management ofinsectpests(5). outlook onmixedgenotypecroppingandeventuallyprovidesolutionsforsustainable new a give may plants undamaged between interaction chemical of understanding volatile inducingandrespondingcapacityisshowntobegenotype-related.Increased with twoaphidnaturalenemies:ladybirdsandparasiticwasps(4).Inbarley, the allocation (1),reduceacceptancebyanaphidherbivore(2,3),andaffectinteraction interactions, mainlyviavolatiles,causechangesinplantstatusthatmodifybiomass chemical that show we weeds aggressive some and genotypes barley different of ing use ofvolatilecuesbyplantsandinsectsinatritrophiccontext.Insystemconsist- interactions. We presentresults thatcontributenewperspectivesonallelopathyand chemical in engage may also plants undamaged but plants, within or between ing Plants damagedbyherbivoresorpathogensreleasevolatilesactiveindefensesignal- 5. Entomol.Exp.Appl.(2002)102:177–182. 4. Oikos(2003)100:65–70. 3. Ecol.Entomol.(2004)29:188–195. 2. PlantSignal.Behav. (2007)2:205–210. 1. J.Exp.Bot.(2003)54:1931–1939. Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEcology, SwedishAgriculturalUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden Glinwood R,NinkovicV in aT Chemical InteractionbetweenUndamagedPlants ritrophic Context , AhmedQvarfordtEandKellnerM 29 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 30 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 adaptive responsesisdiscussed. plant neighbordetectionaswellthephysiologicalmechanismsregulating performed inferiortowildtypeincompetitiontrials.Thecomplexityofaboveground insensitive genotypesshoweddelayedshadeavoidanceresponsestoneighborsand shade avoidanceresponsesinisolatedplants.Furthermore,transgenicethylene tobacco stands.Thelevelsfoundinthesestandsweresufficientlyelevatedtoinduce was showntoaccumulatewithintheatmosphereofverydense,greenhouse-grown these seemedtobeachemicalsignal:thevolatileplanthormoneethylene.Ethylene neighbor detectionisfarmorecomplexandinvolvesseveralothersignals.Among can besensedbythephytochromephotoreceptors.We showedrecentlythatplant thesis, whereasfar-red light(FR)isreflected,thusloweringtheR:FRratio,which transmitted throughneighboringvegetation.Redlight(R)isabsorbedforphotosyn- thought tooccurexclusivelythroughspectralchangesinthelightreflectedfromor their shootsandmoveleavesupward.Untilrecently, neighbordetectionwas syndrome knownasshadeavoidance.Uponperceptionofneighbors,plantselongate proximate neighborsforlight.Theycanensuregrowthandsurvivalthroughanescape Plants growingindensevegetationsinteractvariouswaysandcompetewith Corresponding author:[email protected] 3584 CAUtrecht,theNetherlands Plant Ecophysiology, InstituteofEnvironmentalBiology, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan16, Pierik R Struggling forLight:RegulationofPlant–PlantInteractions release ofallelochemicalsshouldbepreventedtoaccumulateinthesoil. ent summerandwinterweeds.Asallelopathyleadstomonoculture,therefore,the but theystillneedextensivestudytofullyexploretheirpotentialagainstdiffer bioherbicide, a as used be can species these that suggests study present the Hence, allelochemicals. to due germination delayed to due be might This pre-emergence. as centrations hadasignificanteffectonweeddensity50DASpostemergenceaswell days aftersowing(DAS),freshbiomass,anddrybiomass.However, differentcon- was noeffectofanyconcentrationeitherpre-orpostemergenceonweeddensity25 Triticum aestivum>Avena fatua >Lepidiumsp.Fieldexperimentsshowedthatthere decreased. Thetoleranceorderofthespeciesagainstextractconcentrationwas ling length,andseedlingweightofallthethreespeciestestedweresignificantly that withincreasingconcentrationofthesespecies,germinationpercentage,seed- examined inthelaboratoryandfield.Laboratory-basedexperimentsshowed in severalareasofPakistan.Inthepresentstudy, theallelopathicpotentialwas are invasiveweedsintheregionstudied;thus,thesethreatenbiodiversity effects onthegerminationandgrowthofweedscropsaswell.Allthesespecies marianum, EucalyptuscamaldulensisandPartheniumhysterophorusallhavenegative experiments. TheresultsindicatedthatProsopisjuliflora,AcacianiloticaSilybum Several invasivespecieswerestudiedfortheirallelopathicpropertiesinaseriesof Corresponding author:[email protected] (AMK, REB);NWFPAgriculturalUniversityPeshawar, Pakistan(KBM) Agriculture andAgri-FoodCanada,LethbridgeResearchcenter, T1J4B1,AB,Canada Khan MA,BlackshawREandMarwatKB Allelopathy: ProblemsandOpportunities - 31 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 32 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 1 flats ofArabidopsis(andback). particularly applicationsmightgonext,aswemovefromburpingbirchestoflatulent understanding ofexternalcommunicationbyplantsandsuggestwhereresearch plant-communication researchstasis,I’llcharacterize(critically)thecurrentstateof of “plantBO”(asPeterPricedubbedit).Fast-forwardingthroughalongperiod I’ll talkaboutthepersonalandprofessionalimpactsofunexpecteddiscovery least. the say to mixed, was report that to Reaction TX. Austin, in meeting ISCE first One ofthefirstreportsairbornecommunicationbetweenplantsoccurredat Corresponding author:[email protected] 105f LifeSciencesCenter, UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,MO Schultz JC T alking T rees andGroaningrasses:Past,Present,Future 33 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 34 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Plant–Insect nteractions (Belowground, Elicitors) 14.00–15.30 HeidiAppel,UniversityofMissouri 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building 15.50–17.20 AndrewStephenson,PennState M oderators: oderators:

Parallel Session 1 MONDAY, 18 AUGUST 35 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 36 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI step towardcomparingtransgenicplantswithbiologicalcontrolsystems. resource allocationofplantsunderherbivoreattack.Moreover, theyprovideafirst Spodoptera littoralis.Ourstudieswillcontributetoabetterunderstandingofthe whether thishasaneffectontheplants’abilitytofendoffabovegroundherbivore in theirleavesandrootsthanuntreatedBtmaize.Inanextstepwewilldetermine corn rootworm-andartificiallyinducedBtmaizeproducedsignificantlylessCry1Ab varieties, Bt some In roots. maize noninduced versus induced for preference a have in relativelylowamounts.However, entomopathogenicnematodesdidnotseemto or withcornrootwormsthemselves,theydidproduce(E artificially inducedtoproducevolatilesinasimilarmannerascornrootwormfeeding found thatwhenvariousBtmaizevarietiesandtheirnearisogeniccontrolwereeither entomopathogenic nematodes(EPN),againstcornrootwormlarvae.Sofar, wehave compounds andinduciblevolatileemissionsthatattractnaturalenemies,suchas that determinethecapacityofBtmaizetodefendthemselvesusingdirectdefense resources tofendoffother, nontargetattackers.We presentresultsfromourstudies the continuousproductionoftheseCryproteinsaffectsplants’abilitytoallocate effective directdefensemechanismagainstthetargetpests,butitisunclearwhether pean cornborer(Cry1Ab)andtherootworm(Cry3Bb1),whichprovideahighly maize producesoneortwoCryendotoxinsagainstvariouspests,suchastheEuro- plant’s abilitytocombatattackingherbivores.Transgenic Bacillusthuringiensis(Bt) Herbivore-induced directandindirectdefensemechanismsareimportantforthe Corresponding author:[email protected] Institute ofBiology, Universityof Neuchâtel,CH-2009Switzerland Zwahlen C,LéchotGS,andT Biological Control Mechanisms ofT Above- andBelowgroundDirectIndirectefense ransgenic BtMaizeandImplicationsfor urlings TCJ )-β -caryophyllene, although 37 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 38 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 as effectiveconventionalWCRcontrolstrategies. signal andnematodesthatrespondwelltothissignal,biologicalcontrolcanbejust tests withthisnewstrainshowthatbycombiningplantsemittheappropriate infective nematodeH.bacteriophoratobetterrespond(E released nematodes.We have alsobeensuccessfulatselectingastrainofthehighly emerge thanisogeniclines.Thesedifferenceswerenotobservedinplotswithout formed linesreceivedsignificantlylessWCRdamagedandhadfeweradultbeetles caryophyllene. InWCR-infestedfieldplotsinwhichwereleasednematodes,trans- nonproducing maizelinewastransformed,resultinginconstitutiveemissionsof(E corn rootworm(WCR),aferociousrootpest.To restorenematodeattraction,a the effectivenessofnematodeasacontrolagentlarvaewestern American varieties.Thelossofthesignalwaspreviouslyfoundtostronglyreduce ditis megidisandisemittedbyancestralmaizeEuropeanlines,butnotmost caryophyllene, ishighlyattractivetotheentomopathogenicnematodeHeterorhab- signal emittedbyinsect-damagedmaizeroots.Thissignal,thesesquiterpene(E demonstrated thefullpotentialofthisstrategybyrestoringaspecificbelowground sions ofthesevolatilesignalscanbemanipulatedtoimprovecropprotection.We and parasitoidsinsearchofherbivorousprey. Ithasbeenproposedthattheemis- When attackedbyinsects,plantsemitvolatilesthatcanserveascuesforpredators Corresponding author:[email protected] Neuchâtel, Switzerland of University (FARCE), ecology chemical in research applied and fundamental of Laboratory Hiltpold IandT Entomopathogenic Nematodes Enhancing theAttractivenessofMaizeRootsfor urlings TCJ )-β -caryophyllene. Field )-β )-β - - induced resistance. ABA intheleaves,resultingABA-induciblegeneexpressionandbroad-spectrum– Hence, belowgroundattackbyarootherbivoretriggerssystemicaccumulation of plants. enhanced levelsofABA,butnotJAandSAinleavesD.virgifera-infested an ABA-inducibletranscriptionalprofile.Insupportofthis,wefound significantly transcriptional patternsinleavesofD.virgifera-infestedplantspartiallyresembled lation ofseveraldefensegenesintheshootsmaizeseedlings.Interestingly, the both theleafherbivoreandfungus.D.virgiferainfestationalsoledtoup-regu- littoralis. BelowgroundattackbytherootherbivoreD.virgiferainducedresistanceto which sharedsimilaritieswiththetranscriptionalresponsestoS.turcicaand hormones, various the with treatment root upon leaves the in patterns transcriptional and ABA.QuantitativePCRanalysisof34defensemarkergenesrevealeddistinct ACC, precursor ET the JA, (BTH), benzothiodiazole analogue acid salicylic the with the transcriptionalandphenotypicalspecificityofinducedresistanceupontreatment in maize.To examinetheroleofplanthormonesinthisinteraction,wefirstprofiled leaf herbivoreSpodopteralittoralisandthepathogenicfungusSetosphaeriaturcica the rootherbivoreDiabroticavirgiferaonabovegroundresistanceagainst (ET), andabscisicacid(ABA).We examinedtheimpactofbelowgroundinfestationby complex regulationbythehormonessalicylicacid(SA),jasmonic(JA),ethylene tive naturalenemies.Inducedresistanceisoftenexpressedsystemicallyandinvolves multitrophic systemssuchasabove-andbelowgroundherbivorestheirrespec- perception ofbioticorabioticstress,aphenomenonthatcanevenlinkverydistant Plants candevelopenhancedresistanceagainstpathogensandinsectsupon Corresponding author:[email protected] Biology, UniversityofNeuchâtel, CH-2000Neuchâtel,Switzerland of Institute (FARCE), Ecology Chemical in Research Applied and Fundamental for Laboratory E Belowground Herbivores Aboveground-Induced Resistanceuponnfestationby Involvement ofABinSignalingNetworkMediating V , T rb rb urlings TJC,and M , Karlen Karlen , D , de Lange Lange de , on J E , Planchamp C, C, Planchamp , D ’ A llessandro llessandro M , Flors Flors ,

39 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 40 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 for awholeplantperspectiveintestingmodelsofdefenseallocation. can systemicallyalterthedefensivephenotypeofplants,weconcurwith recentcalls conserved inatropicalclade.Finally, giventhatabove-andbelowgroundherbivores patterns ofcardenolidelevelsacrossspecies,butinducibilitypersewas strongly are moreinduciblethanroots.Phylogeneticconservatismcannotexplain theobserved inducible defensesarenottrading-offacrossplantspecies,andshoots ofAsclepias allocated 40%morecardenolidestoshootsoverroots.Inconclusion,constitutive and resistance. Althoughcardenolideswerenotaffectedbyourtreatments,A.syriaca these effectshadconsequencesforcaterpillargrowthconsistentwithlatexproviding shoot herbivoresofcommonmilkweed(A.syriaca)affectedlatexproduction,and indeed, thetwowerepositivelycorrelatedacrossspecies.Finally, specialistrootand cardenolides; induced and constitutive between trade-off a for found was evidence no predictions, theoretical long-standing to contrast In nonindependence. phylogenetic correlated acrossspecies,andthisrelationshipwasmaintainedafteraccountingfor examined werenotinducible.Allocationtorootandshootcardenolideswaspositively tropical speciesshowingsignificantinduction,whereastheeighttemperate of shootcardenolidesbyanabovegroundherbivore,withonlyfourcloselyrelated variation acrosstaxa.However, phylogeneticconservatismprevailedforinducibility tionarily labilityinrootcardenolidesacross34speciesofAsclepias,withfour-fold allocational shiftsonaspecialistherbivore.Resultsshowhighlevelofevolu- a species-specificexperimentalapproachtoidentifytheconsequencesofdefense patterns inallocationtorootversusshootdefensesacrossspeciesiscombinedwith as antiherbivoreweapons.Here,acomparativeapproachtoinvestigatebroad-scale clade ofplantswithtoxiccardenolides(cardiacglycosides)andpressurizedlatexused simultaneously. MilkweedsinthegenusAsclepiasareaclassicchemicallydefended but onlyrecentlyhavebothabove-andbelowgroundplantdefensesbeenconsidered herbivory, against defense plant for patterns allocation predicted long has Theory Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology, CornellUniversity, Ithaca,NY Rasmann S,AgrawalAACookC,andErwinC Milkweeds (Asclepiasspp.) between Above-andBelowgroundHerbivoresinthe Cardenolides, InducedResponses,andnteractions

also canprovideaflexibleandrobustrangeofacceptablesignals. that enablesustosegregatepest-inducedsignalsfromnonpest-induced signalsand Therefore, thepestinduced-plantvolatiledatabasewillbedesignedin suchaway factors. abiotic and biotic several to due vary might volatiles driven plant that shown problems beforetheybecomevisibletothenakedeyeofhumanscouts.Ithasbeen sensory technologies,wecanfollowsomeoftheseplantchemicalcuestolocatecrop using well-developedmechanicalolfaction(knownasthe“electronicnose”)andother greenhouses usingaportableultra-fastGC(zNose™)tocreatevolatiledatabase.By chemicals. Furtherexperimentwillbecarriedoutinexperimentalandcommercial age havealsobeenfoundtodirecteffectsontheemissionofsomevolatile slightly differentresponsestopests.Pestdensityanddurationofdam- on differenthostplants.We also demonstratethatplantsarecapableofformulating infested plants.Ourresultsindicatethatpestscaninducedifferentplantsresponses ences werefoundamongsomevolatilechemicalsemittedfromcleanplantsversus greenhouse cropsandtheirmajorpests.Significantqualitativequantitativediffer provide moreaccurateinformationaboutthehealthofplant.We focusedonthree from peststoplants.Ifinterpretedcorrectly, plant-drivenvolatilechemicalsignalscan this project,wesuggestanovelapproachtopestmonitoringbyshiftingtheattention these signalsatanearlystagecouldbeakeyfactorforsuccessfulpestcontrol.In array ofvolatileswheninfectedwithpathogensorattackedbypests.Detecting and identificationtechniques.Itiswellknownthatseveralplantspeciesemitawide many researchersandfarlesshasbeendonetodevelopmoreeffectivedetection Developing newpestcontrolmethodshasoftenbeenthecenterofattentionfor Corresponding author:[email protected] bia, Vancouver, BC,Canada Center forPlantResearch,FacultyofLandandFoodSystems,TheUniversityBritishColum- Miresmailli SandIsmanB Crops byElectronicChemo-Sensors Pest-Induced PlantV Intelligent PestMonitoring:CreatingaDatabaseof olatiles forMonitoringGreenhouse - 41 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 42 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 we know, this is thefirstreportofpriminghostplantsbyherbivoreoviposition. zea ovipositionandprimethemselvesforthefeedingbyemergingneonates. Asfaras had beendepositedontomatoplants.Thisstudyshowsthatplants senseH. survival ofH.zeaneonateswasnegativelycorrelatedwiththenumbereggsthat they wereplacedonthetomatoleaveswhereeggsofH.zeahadbeenlaid.The over, thegrowthrateandsurvivalofneonatesH.zeasignificantlydecreasedwhen longer levelsofproteinaseinhibitorgene2(pin2)inductionthancontrolplants.More- oviposition andweretreatedwithsimulatedherbivoryshowedfaster, strongerand Noctuidae), andmoreinterestingly, tomatoplantsthathadbeenexposedtoH.zea (Lepidoptera: upon theovipositionbyadultsoftomatofruitworm,Helicoverpazea esculentum (Solanales:Solanaceae),up-regulatevariousantiherbivorygenesonly quent herbivorybyneonates.Here,wedemonstratethattomatoplants,Lycopersicon oviposition, initiateantiherbivorydefensesandgetreadyforhatchingsubse- hatching fromtheeggs,itwouldbeplausibletospeculatethatplantsmaysense of herbivoreslayeggsontheirhostplantsandthatthelarvaestartfeedingafter placed onandallowedtoconsumetheirhostplants.However, consideringthatmany application ofinsectregurgitantorby“real”herbivorywhereherbivoreswere herbivory wherehostplantsweremechanicallywoundedfrequentlycombinedwith induction ofplantdefensesbyinsectherbivoryhavebeencarriedoutwithsimulated neighboring plantsofthepossiblesubsequentdanger. Mostofthestudieson the airthatnotonlyattractnaturalenemiesofinsectinvadersbutalsowarn ample, plantsproducecompoundsthataretoxictoinsectsand/oremitvolatilesinto Plants initiateantiherbivoremechanismswhentheyareattackedbyinsects.Forex- Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center Kim JandFeltonG for ImpendingNeonateFeeding T omato PlantsArePrimedbyHelicoverpazeaOviposition

complex butspecies-specificcompositionofcaeliferins. cies. We presentnewtypesof caeliferins anddiscussthepossiblefunctionsof between species,thepatternsofcaeliferinswereremarkablyconstantwithinspe- new typesofcaeliferinsnotfoundinS.americanaregurgitant.Despitethisdiversity However, thecompositionwasmorediversethananticipatedandevenincluded caeliferins. contains grasshoppers true tested all of regurgitant that revealed Florida of regurgitantcollectedfromseveralgrasshopperspecies(2)inthewild cana regurgitantalsocontainsothercaeliferinswithlessactivityoncorn.Screening earlier hasbeenshownwithvolicitinandotherfattyacidamides.However, S.ameri- were showntoinducethereleaseofvolatilesincornplantscomparablewithwhat American grasshopper(Schistocercaamericana)(1).Two closelyrelatedcaeliferins Caeliferins isanewclassofcompoundsrecentlyidentifiedfromregurgitantthe viridis, andLocustamigratoria. clavuliger, Romaleamicroptera,Schistocercaamericana,S.obscura,damnifica,Dichromorpha 2. Aptenopedessphenarioides,Melanoplusbispinosus,M.propinquus,impudicus,Paroxya 1. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(2007)104:12976–12981. Alborn HT Function? Corresponding author:[email protected] U. S.DepartmentofAgriculture,Gainesville,FL32608 Center forMedical,Agricultural,andVeterinary Entomology, AgriculturalResearchService, D iversity of Caeliferins in in Caeliferins of iversity , BrennanMMandT A merican merican eal PEA G rasshoppers, What Possible Possible What rasshoppers, 43 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 44 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 acid phosphatase,anddehydrin. endochitinase, acidic as such genes acid-stimulated abscisic be to known also were 2. Manyoftheabiotic-relatedgenesthatseemedtobestimulatedbylabialsaliva arginase, lipoxygenase,dehydrinTAS14, polyphenoloxidaseF, andproteaseinhibitor cyclase, oxide allene endochitinase, acidic phosphatase, acid included saliva labial by herbivory bycaterpillarswithlabialsalivaryglands.Verification ofgenesstimulated eight geneshadtrendsthatseemedtobestimulatedbylabialsalivaparticularlyfor suppressed and122werestimulatedincomparisontothenonwoundedcontrol.Sixty herbivory (P by woundingeitherscissorstosimulatecaterpillarherbivoryor microarrays. Approximately395annotatedgenesseemedtobesignificantlyaltered fed ontomatoplantsfor24h.PlantgeneexpressionwasanalyzedwithcDNA glands (mock)andcaterpillarswithoutlabialsalivary(ablated)duetosurgery tomato cDNAmicroarrays.Inthesecondexperiment,caterpillarswithlabialsalivary ed. Fourhoursafterwounding,leaftissuewasharvestedandthenanalyzedwith gland extract,autoclavedlabialsalivaryGOX,water, orleftnonwound- scissors tosimulateH.zeacaterpillarherbivoryandthenappliedwithlabialsalivary gene expression.Inthefirstexperiment,leavesoftomatoplantswerewoundedwith We testedtheeffectsHelicoverpazea caterpillarlabialsalivahadontomatoplant Corresponding author:[email protected] Jena, D-07745,Germany(HV) Campus, Beutenberg Ecology, Chemical for Institute Planck Max Entomology, of Department (ROM); 61455 IL Macomb, University, Illinois Western Sciences, Biological of Department Musser ROandV Saliva RevealedbyMicroarrayAnalysis T omato PlantGeneExpressionAlteredbyCaterpillarLabial <0.05,one-wayANOVA). Ofthe395genes,approximately273were ogel H and Spodopteraexiguaonavarietyofhostplants. included Helicoverpazea,HeliothisvirescensManducasextaSpodopterafrugiperda by confocalmicroscopyallowedustovisualizeregurgitantontheleaves.Thisstudy fluorescent, whereassalivarysecretionsdidnotfluoresce.Observationoftheleaves on leaves.Confocalmicroscopyconfirmedthatthecaterpillarregurgitantwashighly fluorescent dyeAlexa488hadbeenadded.Thecaterpillarswerethenallowedtofeed rescent dyeandconfocalmicroscopy. Caterpillarswerefedartificialdiettowhichthe documented. Intheseexperiments,wevisualizeregurgitantontheleafbyusingfluo- tact withleaftissue.However, regurgitationduringfeedinghasnotbeenadequately pillars feed,theyregurgitateontotheleaf,therebyallowingvolicitintocomeincon- as volicitin,anelicitorofplantdefenseresponses.Ithasbeenassumedthatcater been wellcharacterized.Regurgitantisknowntocontainfattyacidconjugatessuch For somecaterpillarspecies,thecomponentsoforalsecretions,orregurgitant,have Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity, University Park,PA Peiffer MandFeltonG Visualizing CaterpillarOralSecretionsonLeaves - 45 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 46 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 4. Chembiochem(2007)8:2281–2285. 3. ZoolStud(1996)35(1):9–19. 2. Chembiochem(2007)8:208–216. 1. Nature(2002)419:712–715. serve aprecursorforthefamousfragrancecis-jasmone(4). of cis-OPDAwithprostaglandin-linkedeffectsintheinsects.Inplants iso-OPDA can similarities betweenOPDAandprostaglandinscouldsuggestapotential interference role indetoxifyingofinsecticidesinsects(3).Moreover, considerablestructural belongs tothefamilyofglutathioneS cance ofthisisomerizationprocess.Firstresultsindicatethattherelevant enzyme Our currenteffortsarefocusedonelucidatingthepossiblemechanism andsignifi- rapid isomerizationtakesplaceintheforegutofmanylepidopteranspecies(2). dienoic acid(cis-OPDA),thebiosyntheticprecursorofjasmonicacid,toiso-OPDA.This ( leafworm cotton Egyptian feeding a of gut the in oxylipins plant-derived of fate the their detoxificationsystemagainstaccumulatingplanttoxins.Duringouranalysisof jasmonic andsalicylicacids,canbeusedbyfeedinginsectsasearlycuestoactivate ing moleculesintheinsectgut.Lietal.(1)proposedthatplanthormones,particular Recently, moreattentionhasbeendrawntothepotentialroleplayedbyplantsignal- enzymes. insect of variety a involve which metabolites, secondary plant poisonous bolic modificationsinitsgut.Moststudiesfocusonthedetoxificationprocesses of Plant-derived compoundsingestedbyafeedingherbivoreundergodifferentmeta- Spodoptera littoralis),weobservedanenzyme-assistedisomerizationof12-oxophyto- Corresponding author:[email protected] Planck InstituteforChemicalEcology, Jena,Germany Department ofBioorganicChemistry(PD,WB)andEntomology(DF, HV),Max Dabrowska P, FreitakD,V Insect GutandtsSignificancefortheHerbivore Enzyme-Assisted Isomerizationof12-Oxophytodienoiccidinthe OPDA O ¸ ( ) 7 COOH ogel H,andBolandW Enzyme -transferases, which are known to play a central central a play to known are which -transferases, iso-OPDA O ( ) 7 COOH caterpillars [N FACs, weidentifiedthesamevarietyof FAC analogspreviouslyfoundinlepidopteran lepidopteran species.Whenscreening13nonlepidopteraninsectsforthepresenceof Spodoptera exigua(1),aseriesofrelatedFACs havebeenidentifiedinseveralother some insectshaveevolvedsuchavarietyofFACs, whereasothershavenot. glutamic acidconjugatesinT. taiwanemma,whichmighthelpustounderstandwhy Manduca sexta(Lepidoptera).Here,wereportanintriguingbiosyntheticpathwayof conjugates thatarethemajorFAC componentsincricketsandfruitflyaswell physiological roleorbiosyntheticpathwayhasyettobeestablishedforglutamicacid role innitrogenmetabolismS.lituralarvae(manuscriptpreparation).However, a (2). Inapreviousstudy, wedemonstratedthatglutamineconjugatesplayanactive previously thoughtandmayhavephysiologicalrolesthroughawiderangeofinsects melanogaster (Diptera:Drosophilidae).ThissuggeststhatFACs aremorecommonthan emma andT. emma(Orthoptera:Gryllidae),aswellinlarvalfruitfly, Drosophila volicitin] ingutextractsoftwocloselyrelatedcricketspecies,Teleogryllus taiwan- tamine conjugatesandhydroxylatedderivativesofthesecorrespondingFACs, including 2. J.Chem.Ecol.(2007)33:1376–1381. 1. Science(1997)276:945–949. discovery ofvolicitin[N volatile compoundsinplantsthat,turn,attractforagingparasitoids.Sincethe Fatty acidaminoconjugates(FACs) areknownelicitorsofinducedrelease T Y Insects: dentificationofFattyAcidminoConjugates Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA 16802(CGL,JHT) University, State Pennsylvania Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center (HTA); 32604 FL Gainesville, Agriculture, of Department U.S. Service, Research Agricultural sity, Kyoto,606-8502,Japan(MF);Center ofMedical,Agricultural,andVeterinary Entomology, Japan (NY, HA,RN,NM);BiologicalSciences,GraduateSchoolofAgriculture,KyotoUniver 606-8502, Kyoto, University, Kyoto Agriculture, of School Graduate Sciences, Life Applied I ncreased ncreased umlinson JH,andMoriN oshinaga N,AbeHFukuiMishidaRlbornHT -linolenoyl- andN U niversality of Lepidopteran Lepidopteran of niversality -(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)- -linoleoyl- L -glutamic acids(maincomponents),glu- L -glutamine] intheregurgitantoflarval E licitor Compounds across across Compounds licitor , LaitCG - 47 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 48 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 1 transport networkintherootapex.PlantJ. auxin PIN2-mediated the with interfering by hairs root of tip-growth polarized blocks Dorenone press) (in F W, Baluska Boland D, Menzel S, Mancuso D, Schachtschabel O, Samajová M, Schlicht 4. signaling between(+)-and(–)-matingtypeofBlakesleatrispora.J.Biol.Chem. hormone talking–complex is Who (submitted) W Boland K, Menzel A, David D, Schachtschabel 3. 2. J.Org.Chem.(2007)72:1366–1372. 1. Phytochemistry(2005)66:1358–1365. with thesamecompoundonhumancells. ficking system(4).Thedisruptionoftheactincytoskeletonisalsovisiblebytreatment caused acollapseoftheactincytoskeletonalongwithactin-linkedendosometraf- The inhibitionislinkedtodisruptionoftheroot-hair–associatedNADPH-oxidaseand range. nanomolar a in strongly inhibitedroothairdevelopmentofArabidopsisthaliana ence onplantoranimalcells.Amazingly, theC18-ketone,anearlytrisporoidprecursor, like plantsandanimals,wedecidedtotestwhethertheapocarotenoidshaveaninflu- production oftheknowntrisporicacids.Becausethesefungioccupysamehabitats initiate andstimulatethehormoneproductionsecondpathwayforintrinsic molecular interaction,whichincludestwodifferentmetabolicpathways:onepathwayto trisporoids inmoredetail(3).Theresultspromptedustopostulateanewsequenceof individual of function biological the and biosynthesis the study to us enabled references of synthesisandbiotransformationculturesthespeciesBlakesleatrispora(2).These ates remainedunclear. Therefore,wegeneratedatrisporoidlibrarybycombination details oftheirmetabolismandthebiologicalsignificancevariousintermedi- the recognitionbetweenzygomycetesandsomeoftheirmycoparasites(1).However, for recognizingmatingpartners,inducingsexualdifferentiationandmediating namely, trisporicacidsandtheirbiosyntheticprecursors.Thecompoundsareused compounds, carotene-derived of series elaborate an via interact fungi zygomycete the reproduction, sexual For material. plant decaying and soil as such habitats terrestrial on Fungi ofthedivisionZygomycetesarecommonheterotrophicmicroorganismsoccurring Corresponding author:[email protected] WB); IZMB,UniversityofBonn,Kirschallee1,53115Germany(MS,FB) (DS, Germany Jena, D-07745 8, Hans-Knöll-Strasse Ecology, Chemical for Max-Planck-Institute Schachtschabel D,chlichtMBaluskaF, andBolandW Apocarotenoids—Signaling CompoundsofZygomycetesandPlants? 49 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 50 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Insect Pheromones(Olfaction, Evolution, Application) 15.50–17.20 JeffreyAldrich,USDA–ARSBeltsville 14.00–15.30 WilhelmBoland,MaxPlanck Room 11,LifeSciencesBuilding M oderators: oderators:

Parallel Session 2 MONDAY, 18 AUGUST 51 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 52 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Nature (2008)452:1007–1011. subsequent increaseintheintracellularCa cation currentsactivatedviabothanionotropicandametabotropicpathway, anda odorants tomammaliancellscoexpressingOr22aandOr83bresultsinnonselective transduction pathway. Inourexperimentswecoulddemonstratethatapplicationof tor neurons,andolfactoryperceptionismodifiedbymutationsaffectingthecAMP in theplasmamembrane.Still,G-proteinsareexpressedinsectolfactoryrecep- Drosophila. Or83bhasastructuresimilartoGPCRs,butitaninvertedorientation Or22a), dimerisedwithaubiquitouslyexpressedchaperoneprotein,suchasOr83bin (e.g., ORs conventional of composed are GPCRs, other to similarity sequence any lack olfactory signaltransductionininsects,becausetheirodorantreceptors(ORs),which further neuronalprocessing.Recentfindings,however, challengethisconceptof ion channelstodepolarisetheolfactoryreceptorneuron,thusprovidingasignalfor G-proteins, mostofwhichinducecAMPproduction.Thissecondmessengeractivates These belongtotheG-protein-coupledreceptor(GPCR)family. Theyinturncoupleto receptors. odorant to molecules odor of binding by detected are signals Odorant tive cationchannels. well ascomplexesofodorantsensingunitsandcyclicnucleotide-activated nonselec- vated byintracellularcAMPorcGMP. InsectORsthusformligand-gatedchannelsas leads tofunctionalionchannelsnotdirectlyrespondingodorants,butacti- Corresponding author:[email protected] Knöll-St. 2,D-07745Jena,Germany(SHH) Molecular Biomedicine,DepartmentofBiophysics,FriedrichSchillerUniversityJena,Hans- Friedrich SchillerUniversityJena,Nonnenplan2,D-07743Germany(RH);Centerfor Biology, Cell Molecular of Institute Biomedicine, Molecular for Center BSH); MCS, RB, RS, (DW, Germany Jena, D-07745 8, Hans-Knöll-St. Ecology, Chemical for Institute Planck Max Heinemann SH,andanssonBS Wicher D,SchäferRBauernfeindtensmyrMC,Heller The OR83beceptorinDrosophila—MolecularFunctions 2+ concentration.ExpressionofOr83balone 53 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 54 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 2. Int.J.InsectMorphol.Embryol.(1997) 26:229–245. 1. J.InsectPhysiol.(1985)31:71–81. stone AllianceoftheCommonwealthPennsylvania. This researchwassupportedbyagrantfromtheOfficeofNavalResearch,and fromtheKey- lumen. sensillum the into tubules pore the down transport expedite may this and areas, flat have surfactantcharacteristics,tosolubilizemorereadilyinthepores thaninthe may provideawayfortheH.zeaaldehydepheromonecomponentmolecules,which than theinter-ridge regions.Thechemicalheterogeneityofthe sensillar surfacelipids flatter inter-ridge regions,andthebasesbeloweachridgeare also morehydrophilic entry pointsintoporetubulesoneachsensillum,aremorehydrophilic thanarethe with pores,eachterracehavingatitsedgearidge.We foundthatthepores, pores. ForH.zea,eachsensillumisasculptured,orderlyarrayofterracesfestooned surface adsorptionandone-dimensionaldiffusionofpheromonecomponentsintothe Steinbrecht arechemicallyheterogeneousinawaythatmightpossiblyexpeditethe erpa zeamothantennaeandfoundthattheridges,flatareas,poresdescribedby force andatomicmicroscopyonindividualsensillatrichodeaofmaleHelicov- the antennalsurfaceandenterporetubulesinlessthan5ms.We usedchemical Kaissling’s grouphadshown,usingdriedantenna,thatpheromonemoleculeslandon enzymes. pheromone-degrading and proteins binding of up made is that lymph lum the pheromonemolecules,viaone-dimensionalsurfacediffusion,entersensil- arranged poresontheseflatareas.Theleadtoporetubulesthroughwhich have afinesurfacestructurecomprisedofridges,flatinter-ridge areas,andregularly to thetotalantennalsurfacearea.R.A.Steinbrecht(2)hadshownhowsensilla tion ofradiolabeledsexpheromonemoleculesrelativetotheirsurfaceareacompared sensilla trichodeaonmothantennaeendedupadsorbinganinordinatelyhighpropor occurring onmothantennaewhenheandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthethousandsof Karl-Ernst Kaissling’s group(1)firstintroducedtheconceptofan“olfactorylens” plumes. pheromone comprising strands odor the in contained molecules pheromone and theirtensofthousandslong,hairlikesensillatrichodeatoadsorbairborne Because malemothscannotsniff,theydependontheabilityoftheirantennae Corresponding author:[email protected] of theLifeSciences,ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA 16802 Departments ofEntomology(TB,KCP, KB,JT)andChemistry(MM,DA)theHuckInstitutes and AllaraD Baker TC,Maitani,ParkKC,BöröcskyK, Male othSensillatrichodeabyUsingAtomicForceicroscopy E vidence for a a for vidence N ano-Level “Olfactory Lens” Found on on Found Lens” “Olfactory ano-Level umlinson J, I ndividual ndividual - of malepheromoneresponsetraits. suggest apossiblehybriddisadvantageandputativemechanismforreinforcement wild-type malesandthereducedsensitivityobservedinmutantmales.Theseresults and mutanthybrids)respondedsimilarly. Hybridmaleshadresponseprofilessimilar to lines werecrossedandhybridmalesassayed.Bothtypes(maternalwild-type trade-off betweenbreadthofresponseandsensitivity. Purewild-typeandmutant did notdiscriminateamongpheromoneblends.Theseresultsareconsistentwitha type maleresponseswerehighesttothewild-typepheromoneblend,mutantmales broader responseprofilesbutloweroptimumpheromonesensitivity. Althoughwild- tunnel bioassaystodocumentthatrelativewild-typemales,mutantmaleshad respond equallytothewild-typeandmutantpheromoneblends.Thisstudyusedwind duce apheromoneblendsignificantlydifferentfromwild-typefemales,mutantmales mented theexistenceofamutantpheromonestrain.Althoughfemalespro- of theindividual.Previousstudieswithcabbagelooper, Trichoplusia ni,havedocu- level the at behavior measuring support empirical provide to first the is study this tion, are generallyassumedtoexistandimplicittheshapeofmalepreferencefunc- phenotypes andhighsensitivity. Althoughsensitivity-breadthofresponsetrade-offs correlated (i.e.atrade-offexists)thatselectionwillfavormaleswithnarrowresponse genetic simulationspredictthatifsensitivityandbreadthofresponsearenegatively trade-off betweentheresponsetraitssensitivityandbreadthofresponse.Population The evolutionofmalemothresponsestopheromoneblendsmaybeconstrainedbya Corresponding author:[email protected] Zoological Garden,1300W. Fulton,GrandRapids,MI49504(DJH) Ball John KFH); (JDA, KY Lexington, Kentucky, of University Entomology, of Department Allison JD,HemmannJ,andaynesKF Looper MothResponsetoSexPheromone T rade-off betweenSensitivityandpecificityintheCabbage 55 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 56 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 pheromone systems. and theylaythefoundationforfurthergeneticstudiesonevolution ofthesemoth response, male rare to component genetic heritable a demonstrate clearly results The 50%. to 40 at maintained was blend ACB the to responses of proportion the line, tion randomly mate.Overthenextfivegenerationsofrelaxedselectionwithinselec- by allowing180malesandfemales,chosenfromthetop-rankingfamilies,to tion ofrarerespondersrosefrom3to30%.Aftergeneration9,selectionwasrelaxed selection intensity)afterninegenerationswasestimatedtobe0.7,andthepropor (h were chosenbasedonthetotalmaleresponsescoreinafamily. Realizedheritability 50%, 2;75%,3;andlandonthesource,4).Maleparentsforsubsequentgenerations 1; source, the to distance the of fourth one upwind fly 0; response, (no response of the meanstrengthofresponseforeachfamily. We scoredECBmalesbystrength males wereflowntodeterminethefamilyfrequenciesofunusualrespondersand cies, weusedafamilyselectionprotocol.We startedwith21familiesinwhich20 our ECBZcolony. Becausetherareresponseissex-limitedandoccursatlowfrequen- be increasedviaselectionandtoestimatetherealizedheritabilityofresponsein We reporthereonstudiestodetermine whetherthisrareresponsephenotypecould species. both of blends pheromone the to upwind flying of capable are tunnel flight nacalis, theAsiancornborer(ACB)moths,wefoundthat3–5%ofmalestestedin In previousstudieswithOstrinianubilalis,theEuropeancornborer(ECB)andO.fur 2 ; calculatedbydividingthemeanresponseoverexperimentcumulated Linn CE,MustoCJ,DroneyC,andRoelofsWL Ostrinia nubilalistotheSexPheromoneofO.furnacalis Corresponding author:[email protected] Colleges, Geneva,NY(DCD) Smith William and Hobart Biology, of Department WLR); CJM, (CEL, NY Geneva, University, Cornell Station, Experiment Agricultural YorkState New Entomology, of Department S election for for election I ncreased Proportion of “ of Proportion ncreased R are” are” R esponding esponding M ale ale - - blends ofthesamecompounds(methylesters contentious. ThediscoveryofalargenumberPhyllophagaspeciesusingvarious discerning relationshipsbetweenandwithingroupshasbeendifficultsomewhat extends fromCanadatoSouthAmericaandthroughouttheCaribbean.Historically, New World genus,consistingof 860speciesin10subgenera,whosedistribution The Phyllophaga(s.lato)(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae:Melolonthinae)areaverylarge pheromones duringthesamenight. mating behaviorsinsympatricPhyllophagaspeciesusingthesamelong-distance paired withmitochondrialDNA.However, muchremainstobedoneunderstand long-distance sexattractantshascontributedsubstantiallytogroupdefinitionwhen methyl 2-(methylthio)benzoate,and2-aminomethoxybenzene)as Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, NYSAES,CornellUniversity, Geneva, NY Robbins PS Phyllophaga: PheromonesandPhylogenetics L -valine, L -isoleucine, L -leucine, -leucine, 57 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 58 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 mate choice. vitripennis thepheromonefunctionsasanindicatorofmalequalityenablingfemale male sizeandmatingfrequencywiththeirpheromonestatussuggested thatinN. ductive successofdaughters.Furtherresults,investigatingthecorrelation between also forfemalesofhaplodiploidspeciesduetoindirectfitnessgained bytherepro- crucial is mating that pheromone sex male the for preference innate strong the from however, thefemalepreferenceimmediatelyswitchedtohostodour. We conclude mating, After success. oviposition with odours host associate to chance the thus, and This preferencewasshownevenbythosefemalesthathadovipositionexperience offered. puparia host of number the of irrespective pheromone the preferred females the choicebetweenhostodourandpheromonereleasedbyasinglemale,virgin females wereattractedtotheodourofasinglehostpuparium.However, whengiven females andstudiedpossibleinteractionsbetweenbothstimuli.We foundthatvirgin we investigatedwhetherthepheromoneorhostodourisstrongerstimulusfor Furthermore, puparia. host of odour the toward attracted also are females whether nazoline toattractvirginfemales.We testedinbehaviouraltwo-choiceexperiments pheromone composedof(4R study oflocalmatingcompetition.Malesthisspeciesuseasubstratebornesex ous ectoparasitoidofseveralnecrophorousDipteraandparticularlysuitableforthe we studiedthemodelorganismNasoniavitripennisWalker (Pteromalidae),agregari - females shouldinvestcomparativelymoretimeandenergyinmatingactivities.Here competition), mate (local siblings between occurs frequently mating and biased ratio isatequilibrium.However, inspecieswherepopulationsexratioisfemale- of haplodiploidspeciesgainonlylittleadvantagesfrommatingwhenpopulationsex ized eggsdevelopingintomaleoffspring.Thus,ithasbeenproposedthatfemales In haplodiploidspecies,evenvirginfemalesareabletoreproducebylayingunfertil- Corresponding author:[email protected] Freie UniversitätBerlin,InstitutfürBiologie,HaderslebenerStr. 9,12163Berlin Steiner andRutherJ Local MateCompetition?AnOlfactorypproach H ow ow I mportant mportant I s s S ex for Females of a a of Females for ex ,5R )- and(4R ,5S )-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide and4-methqui- H aplodiploid aplodiploid S pecies under under pecies worker sequentialconflict. action onworkerreproductivesuppression,canbeviewedastheresult ofqueen thus creatinganhonestsignal.TheevolutionofQMP, incontrast,duetoitscoercive attacked bysomeoftheirnestmates,inflictingacostonpheromone production and tive decisiontomaximizefitness).Moreover, early pheromoneproducingworkersare ing their brood) and the perceiver (in assisting them to make the appropriate reproduc- because theyarebeneficialbothfortheemitter(inrecruitinghelper workers forrais- workers inthecompetitionforreproduction.Fertilitysignalsarefavourablyselected that thepheromonesystemswereco-optedtoemphasizereproductivestatusof the queensignal).We propose thatthesetwoprocessesevolvedindependentlyand independently, buttheirinitiationistriggeredbyacommonevent(e.g.theabsenceof the pheromonesystems.Thisuncouplingsuggeststhattheseprocessesmayoperate rene, wewereabletoinhibitovariandevelopmentinsuchworkerswithoutaffecting with reproductivedevelopment.However, bytreatingcallowworkerswithmethop- ovarian development.ReliabilityoftheQDPfertilitysignalimpliesacloseassociation the worker’s propensitytodevelopovariesandsubsequentlydelineatethedegreeof signal first second the whereas nestmates, worker in development ovarian inhibiting QDP. Thefirstpresumableplayamajorroleinestablishingreproductivedominanceby queenlessness someoftheworkersexhibitanearlyincreaseinbothQMPand tive workersproducethemaswell,insteadoftheirusualworkerbouquet.Upon signal. Accordingly, thesepheromonesaregenerallyqueenspecific,butreproduc- is involvedmostlyinreproductivedominance,whereasQDPservesasafertility tion inhoneybees,thoseofthemandibular(QMP)andDufour’s (QDP)glands.QMP colony collapse.Therearetwomajorpheromonesthatassociatedwithreproduc- and underqueenlessconditionscompetefortheopportunitytoproducemalesbefore completely, reproductive forgo not did however, Workers, queen. the by nopolization The honeybee,Apismellifera,isrenownforthealmostabsolutereproductivemo- Corresponding author:[email protected] Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978,Israel Department ofZoology, GeorgeS.WiseFacultyofLifeSciences,Tel Aviv University, Ramat Malka O,Katzav-GozanskyT Apis mellifera Pheromones M ediating ediating R eproductive Conflicts in the the in Conflicts eproductive , andHefetzA H oney Bee, Bee, oney 59 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 60 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 phosphates inthewaxesofconiferneedlesandadultflightbehaviorarepresented. ferent aspectsofknownmonarchchemicalecology, thepersistenceofcertainorgano - generations playaroleinthisfacetofmigration.Atestablehypothesis,basedondif- used yearafteryear. Onepossibilityisthatchemicalcuesleftatthesitebyprevious it isstillunclearhowtheyareabletolocatethespecificoverwinteringsitesthat sun compassorientationwhenmigratingsouthwardtoMexicointhefall.However, remain tobeanswered.Recently, MouritsenandFrostshowedthatmonarchsuse great dealisknownaboutthisspectacularphenomenon,severalimportantquestions The seasonalmigrationofthemonarchbutterflyiswelldocumentedandalthough a Corresponding author:[email protected] ment ofPsychology, Queen’s UniversityKingston,ON,Canada(BF) Department ofBiology, UniversityofWestern Ontario,London,ON,Canada(JNM);Depart- McNeil JandFrostBJ Finds theOverwinteringSitesinMexico Heading forome:AT estable HypothesisofowtheMonarch 2. JApplEntomol(2005)129:265–271 1. Tropical AgricultureSeries(1987)Scientificand Technical, UK(Bananas). may beusefulinmasstrappinganderadicationexperimentsforthispest. traps of40×25cmseemtobeveryefficientincatchingC.sordidusadults,andthey cantly moreadultsthantrapsplacedinsunlight.Therefore,mahoganybrownground pheromone-baited groundtrapspositionedintheshadeofcanopycaughtsignifi- addition, In browns. other than effective more being brown mahogany the with green, weevil clearlypreferredbrowntrapsoveryellow, red,gray, blue,black,white,and that thoseofsmallerdimensions(30×15cm).Inacolor-choice test,thebanana and pitfalltraps,withthelargerdimensiontraps(40×25cm)beingmoreefficient Ground trapsbaitedwithpheromonelureshavebeenfoundtobesuperiortheramp optimized. been have traps the of position and color and dimensions, trap traps, of study, severalimportantfactorsthataffectpheromone-basedcatches,suchastypes trapping methodusingpitfalltrapstypicallyresultsinlowcapturerates(2).Inthis expensive, andbiologicalcontrolissofarlimited.Inaddition,thepheromone-based existing controlmethodsforthispest,chemicalapplicationisbothundesirableand one ofthemainpestsbananaplantationsthroughoutworld(1).Among The bananaweevil,Cosmopolitessordidus(Germar)(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),is Corresponding author:[email protected] Cientificas), JordiGirona18-26,08034-Barcelona,Spain(AG) Investigaciones de Superior (Consejo Research Environmental and Chemical of Institute of Guam,Mangilao,Guam96923(GVPR,ZTC);DepartmentBiologicalOrganicChemistry, University Sciences, Applied and Natural of College Center, Research Tropical Pacific Western Reddy GVP, CruzZT Cosmopolites sordidus(Coleoptera:Curculionidae) E nhanced Pheromone-Based Pheromone-Based nhanced , andGuerreroA T rapping rapping M ethod for Banana Weevil, Weevil, Banana for ethod 61 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 62 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 punctella andAgrotissegetumexposedtotheirownpheromone. conditions. TheresultsweresupportedintestingfitnessparametersofPlodiainter treated withLobesiabotranamatingdisruptionpheromoneandunderlaboratory tive effectofselfpheromoneonfemales,experimentswereconductedinvineyards evidence isaccumulatingonitsendresultsfemales’fitness. To verifythenega- effect ofselfpheromoneonthebehaviorfemaleswasstudiedinsomespecies,and the repeatedfindingofautodetectionfemalesexpheromoneinseveralspecies, observed reductionofpestpopulations,undertheregimematingdisruption.After a mechanismbasedonfemalecharacteristicsasanadditionalexplanationforthe sensory inputduetomassivereleaseofonlypartialpheromoneblend.We suggest female’s plum,andinterruptingwiththefemale’s naturalplumandimbalancein natural the masking system, nervous central the of habituation receptors, antennal are notcompletelyunderstood,buttraditionallyusemaleattributes:adaptationofthe goal this achieving in involved to proposed mechanisms The population. target the a syntheticpheromone,toreducematelocation,withtheendresultsofsuppressing cess. Matingdisruptionisachieved,inlarge,bypermeatingtheareaunderfocuswith pests, isusedforthelast25yragainstavarietyofspecies,invariouslevelssuc- Mating disruption,theuseofspecies-specificsexpheromoneforcontrolinsect Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, TheVolcani Center, Israel Harari ARandZahaviT of MatingDisruption Effects ofAutodetectionSexPheromoneonthefficacy - in mid-diapauseshowedincreasedelectrophysiologicalresponsetopheromone. on theperipheralnervoussystembecauseantennaefrommethoprene-treatedmales part, in least at act, to seems hormone juvenile moths, long-lived other in shown been period, ashasbeenshownpreviouslyforfemales(2).Furthermore,unlikewhat syndrome inmaleC.fraxinella,butitseffectvariesthroughouttheextendeddiapause assay. Ourdataindicatethatjuvenilehormoneregulatesthereproductivediapause treatment ofmalesinearlydiapausedidnotrestorepheromoneresponseeither pheromone inbehavioralandelectrophysiologicalassays.However, methoprene application tomalesinmid-diapauserestoredmaleresponsivenessfemalesex bioassay andelectrophysiologicallyusinganelectroantennogramassay. Methoprene tunnel wind a using behaviorally measured was response Pheromone males. treated in early and mid-diapause, and their pheromone response was compared with solvent- responsiveness. SeparategroupsofmaleC.fraxinellaweretreatedwithmethoprene (methoprene) tomaleC.fraxinellainreproductivediapausewouldrestorepheromone species, wetestedthehypothesisthatexogenousapplicationofaJHanalog hormone (JH)isknowntoregulatereproductivediapauseinmanylepidopteran and responseismostacutewhenfemalesaresexuallyreceptive(1).Becausejuvenile adult lifestage,malesdemonstrateplasticityinresponsetofemalesexpheromone 9months ofitsunivoltinelifecycleinastatereproductivediapause.Throughoutthe Caloptilia fraxinella(Lepidoptera:Gracillariidae)isalong-livedmoththatspends 2. PhysiolEntomol32:275–282. 1. AnnuRevEntomol47:93–122. Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofBiologicalSciences,UniversityAlberta,Edmonton,AB,Canada Lemmen JandEvendenML Moth, Caloptiliafraxinella(Lepidoptera:Gracillariidae) Endocrine ControlofSexPheromoneResponseinaLong-Lived 63 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 64 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 2 for useinthefuturestableflyintegratedmanagement. Potentials ofusingtheseidentifiedrepellentandattractantcandidates isdiscussed or severalvolatilechemicalsthatmaycontributetotheirovipositional attractiveness. Citrobacter freundiisubstrate(themostattractivemediumforoviposition)showone from collecting odors of analyses GC-MS flies. stable gravid for stimulants oviposition Further studiessuggestthatbacteriallyderivedvolatilecompoundsalso playaroleas flies. stable of responses sensory strong with identified been have odorants sociated role inmediatinghostlocation,includingoviposition.Severalmanure and rumenas- in hostlocationandselection.Ofthesestimuli,volatilesemiochemicals playamajor strated. Stablefliesuseavarietyofvisual,olfactory, gustatory, andphysicalstimuli repellency ofthesecompoundsagainstgravidstablefliesalsohasbeendemon- spatial The min). 8 and 6 between time mean knockdown (with period short relative laying behavior(>95%).Atadosageof20mg,it(vaporpressure)killsstablefliesin a using K-Dmodule).Inaddition,thesecompoundscaneffectivelydeterstableflyegg- shows with>98%repellencyagainststarvedstableflies(fromfeedingbioassays chemical componentshavebeenidentifiedfromoneherbalplantspecies,which be furtherdevelopedintoaintegratedstableflymanagementtool.Oneorseveral will that attractants) oviposition (including attractants potential and (botanical-based) report ourpreliminaryfindingsoneffortstoidentifyeffectivestableflyrepellents similar approachhasbarelybeentestedinstableflycontrol.Inthispresentation,we cases havealreadybeenreportedinagriculturalandurbanpestcontrol.However, successful Several (“push”). repellent and (“pull”) attractants of combination a with management goal.Theefficacyofusingthisstrategyforthepestcontrolisenhanced in whichbehavior-modifying stimuliareintegratedforreachingthesustainablepest for theorganiccattlefarming.Push-pullstrategyisabehavioralmanipulation practical not often is practice this and effectiveness, marginal with provides only but insecticides, of application the on depends heavily pest this of control The industry. weight lossandmilkproduction,whichattributetohugeeconomiclossesincattle pest ofcattleintheUnitedStates.Thenegativeimpactsbitingresultsignificant The stablefly, Stomoxyscalcitrans,hasbeenconsideredasthemostimportantinsect Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, Kansas StateUniversity, Manhattan,KS66506(LZ) USDA–ARS–AMRU, UNL,EastCampus,Lincoln,Nebraska68583(JJZ,DRB); Zhu JJ,BerkebileDR,andZurekL Novel ApproachesUsingPush-PullStrategyfortableFlyControl 65 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 66 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Perception inInsects 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, Behavior, and Neurogenetics of Laboratory The RockefellerUniversity, NewYork, NY Genetics ofOdor Speaker: LeslieB.V osshall

Silverstein–Simeone Lecture 67 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 68 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI repellents thanDEET(9). inhibitors ofinsectORsthathavethepotentialtobesaferandmoreeffective insect interesting controversyinthefield.Idiscussoureffortstoidentifysmallmolecule messengers inthesignalingpathwayofthesereceptorsremainsanongoingand gated byodors(7,8),althoughtheextentandrelevanceofGprotein-mediatedsecond and othersrecentlysuggestedthattheinsectORsformionchannelsaredirectly to thetopologyofGprotein-coupledORsmediatingolfactioninvertebrates.We nus facing the cell cytoplasm and the C terminus directed outside the cell (6), opposite proposed thattheinsectORsadoptanatypicalmembranetopology, withtheNtermi - heteromultimeric complexwiththeother, selectivelyexpressedOrs(5).We recently the family, Or83b,isbroadlyexpressedinnearlyallolfactoryneurons,andformsa antenna andmaxillarypalporintheolfactoryorganoflarva.Asinglemember except oneareexpressedinsmallsubpopulationsofolfactoryneuronstheadult receptors invertebratesorthenematodeC.elegans.Allmembersofgenefamily divergent seventransmembranedomainproteinwithnohomologytochemosensory melanogaster genomecontainsafamilyof62ORgenes(4),eachwhichencodes membrane domainproteinsselectivelyexpressedinolfactoryneurons(1,2,3).TheD. were firstidentifiedinDrosophilabyabioinformaticapproachthatsoughtmultitrans- these proteinsandthusinhibithost-seekingbehaviorofvectorinsects.InsectORs goal ofthisprojectisthedevelopmentnovelchemicalcompoundsthatwillinhibit of foodandhostodorsinDrosophilafruitfliesAnophelesmosquitoes.Amajor My laboratoryhasbeenstudyingtheodorantreceptors(ORs)governingrecognition 9. Science(2008)319:1838–1842. 8. Nature(2008)452:1007–1011. 7. Nature(2008)452:1002–1006. 6. PLoSBiol(2006)4:e20. 5. Neuron(2004)43:703–714. 4. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2003)100(Suppl2):14537–14542. 3. Cell(1999)96:725–736. 2. Genomics(1999)60:31–39. 1. Neuron(1999)22:327–338. Silverstein–Simeone Lecture:[email protected] 1230 York Avenue, Box63,NewYork, NY10065 Laboratory ofNeurogeneticsandBehavior, TheRockefellerUniversity, V Genetics ofOdorPerceptioninInsects osshall LB 69 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SILVERSTEIN-Simeone Lecture 70 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI bered poster sites will be expected to be present at their stations during during stations their at present be to expected be will sites poster bered will Posters canbehungstartingMondayafternoon, 18August.Posterswill remain in place until Thursday afternoon, 21 August, when they should should they when August, 21 afternoon, Thursday until place in remain the Monday evening (18 August) poster-viewing session. Viewing time time Viewing session. poster-viewing August) (18 evening Monday the be takendownby12.00(12:00PM).Presenters assignedtoodd-num- =posterpresentationsbeingjudged foranaward 3rd and4thFloorBridges,LifeSciencesBuilding both eveningsisfrom 20.30to22.00(8:30–10:00PM). Poster Session1

Poster Session 1 MONDAY, 18 AUGUST 71 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 72 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P1 diets enrichedwith[U- artificial on fed were larvae then secretedintogutlumentoproducelysoPC.S.litura showed thatsomephospholipidsweresynthesizedinmidguttissuesofthelarvaeand in Spodopteralituralarvae.Tracer experimentsusing[U- to comefromplantlipids.Inthisstudy, weinvestigatedbiosynthesesofphospholipids lars, however, havenotbeenstudied,becausephospholipidsintheirgutsarethought tannin-protein binding.Detailsonbiosyntheticpathwaysofphospholipidsincaterpil- known asbiosurfactantspresentintheguts,andlysoPCisalsothoughttoinhibit In lepidopterancaterpillars,phospholipidsandlysophosphatidylcholine(lysoPC)are that [U- pernatant ofthegutcontents,butlittleinthattissues.Theseresultssuggested (18:3-18:3), incontrast,asignificantamountoflysoPC(18:3)wasdetectedthesu- but notinthatofthegutcontents.WheneachsupernatantwasincubatedwithPC tissues, the of supernatant the in biosynthesized was (18:3-18:2) PC Interestingly, (18:3). lysoPC and linoleoylCoA with incubated were contents or tissues gut of nates dylinositol (PI).To investigatedetailsonthebiosyntheses,supernatantsofhomoge- lysophophatidylethanolamine (lysoPE),anddiacylPC,diacylPE,diacylphosphati- lysoPC, into incorporated was acid linolenic Labeled composition. phospholipid the chromatography quadrupoleiontraptimeofflightmassspectrometrytoinvestigate tracted bychloroform/methanol/water(2:1:0.8).Theextractswereanalyzedliquid hydrolyzed inthegutlumentoproducelysoPC. biosynthesized phospholipidswerereleasedtothegutlumen,andthen somePCwas Corresponding author:[email protected] 606-8502, Japan Division ofAppliedLifeSciences,GraduateSchoolAgriculture,KyotoUniversity, Kyoto Aboshi T Phospholipid BiosynthesesinSpodopteralituraGutT 13 C]linolenic acidwasincorporatedintophospholipidsinguttissues,andthe , Y oshinaga N,ishidaRandMori 13 C]linolenic acidfor3h,andthenthegutcontentswereex- 13 C]linolenic acidclearly issues research centre. monitoring andmanagementofC.capitatainLateValencia citrusorchardsatthe have importantimplicationsonthedecision-makingprocessforsafe,effective of rainfallandtemperature(P field populationofC.capitatainthetwocitrusorchardsshowedasignificanteffect centre. Multipleregressionanalysisontheeffectofsomeclimaticfactors possible factorscontributingtotheincreasingfruitflypopulationatresearch ing, incompleteharvesting,andpoororchardsanitationwereidentifiedassomeof mainly dependentoncitrusfruit.Abandonedorchards,lackoffruitflymonitor of thesecrops.Thissuggeststhatthefruitflypopulationatresearchcentreis was nottrappedinmango,pawpaw, andpepperfieldsdidnotemergefromfruit through January2007whencitrusfruitwereintheimmaturegreenstage.C.capitata were ripeningorripened.ThefruitflypopulationwaslowestfromNovember2006 October 2006andfromFebruarythroughMarch2007,whenLateValencia citrusfruit research showedanincreaseinthepopulationofC.capitatafromSeptemberthrough of someclimaticfactorsonthepopulationdynamicspest.Resultsfrom investigated whetherC.capitatausedothercropswithinthestudyareaandeffect Ghana’s AgriculturalResearchCentreintheeasternregionofGhana.Thestudyalso ogy ofLateValencia citruswasinvestigatedinorchardsattheUniversityof The abundanceanddistributionofCeratitiscapitatainrelationtothefruitphenol- Corresponding author:[email protected] ences, UniversityofGhana,Legon(DO-O) Ghana, Legon(KA-N);DepartmentofCropScience,CollegeAgricultureandConsumerSci- of University Africa, Western for Centre Sub-Regional Arppis (EFA); Kenya Nairobi, Icipe, Appiah EF, Afreh-NuamahK,andObeng-OforiD Mediterranean FruitFly, Ceratitiscapitata Citrus (sinensis)andAbundanceDistributionof Relationship betweenFruitingPhenologyofLateV <0.05)onthepestpopulation.Theresultsofthisstudy alencia -

73 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P3 74 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P5 Financial support:FundaçãodeAmparoàPesquisadoEstadoSãoPaulo. chi-square; residencetime=18.6%,p significantly avoidedguavaleafvolatiles(totalnumberofchoices=22.2%, p sexes. WhentestingD.citritovolatilesinthe4-wayolfactometersetup,individuals with airinY-olfactometer, weobservednoresponseinthesameparametersboth when offeredguavaaloneandamixtureofcitrusvolatilesincomparison p 78.3%, = choices of number (total volatiles citrus containing fields odor preferred als with volatilesofeitherguavaorcitrus.Comparedthecontrol(cleanair)individu- were recorded.OurresultsshowedanalterationoftheD.citribehavioraftercontact residence timeinanodorfieldaswellthetotalnumberofchoicesfor clean air(control).Twenty malesandfemalesweretestedineachbioassay. The setup inwhichwetestedguavavolatiles(3fieldsof4-way-olfactometer)against tion ofbothinY-olfactometer bioassays.To answer2,weuseda4-way-olfactometer 1, weofferedvolatilesofeithercitrusorguavaplantsandthenacombina- behavior inD.citri?;and2)Inwhichwaydothesevolatilesaffect?To answer repellent hypothesisaskingthefollowingquestions:1)Doguavavolatilesalter the volatilesofcitrusandguavaplants.We establishedexperimentalstepstotestthe citri. TheaimofourworkwasthereforetostudytheolfactoryresponseD. to thesestudiesvolatilesfromguavaplantshypotheticallycouldberepellentD. the vectorof“huanglongbing,”averyimportantbacterialdiseaseincitrus.According guava plantscouldreducetheinfestationofpsyllidDiaphorinacitri.Thisis Recent studiescarriedoutinVietnamshowedthattheintercroppingofcitrusand guava leavescontainvolatilesactingaseffectiverepellantsagainstD.citri . <0.01chi-square;residencetime=74.5%,p Corresponding author:[email protected] Entomologia, FitopatologiaeZoologiaAgrícola,C.P. 09,Piracicaba-SP, 13418-900,Brazil, Dept Queiroz-Esalq, de Luiz Agricultura de Superior Paulo-USP, Escola São de Universidade Noronha NGandBentoJMS to thePsyllidDiaphorinacitri V olatiles ofCitrusandGuavaPlants:SomethingintheAir <0.01t test).Ourresultsstronglysuggestthat <0.01Friedmantest).Interestingly, <0.01 grandisol. Treatment ofthenaturalextractwithLiAlH GC-mass spectrometry(MS),thesecompoundswereidentifiedtobegrandisaland females ofP. castaneusshowedthepresenceoftwomale-specificcompounds.Using 2001. Gaschromatographic(GC)analysisofairbornevolatilesreleasedbymalesor Geer, 1775)(Coleoptera,Curculionidae),aforestpestintroducedintoBrazilinJune genus Cinara,andmostrecentlybythebandedpineweevilPissodescastaneus(De P. elliottii,whichareattackedbythesiricidwoodwaspSirexnoctilioaphidsof (17.3%). ThepinespeciesmostfrequentlyplantedintheSoutharePinustaedaand southern statesofParaná(32.9%),RioGrandedoSul(7.4%),andSantaCatarina In Brazil,pineplantationsoccupyanareaof1,840,050ha,57.6%thisinthe for financialsupport. We acknowledgeConselhoNacionaldeDesenvolvimentoCientíficoe Tecnológico (CNPq) pheromones. Thecurrentstatusoftheinvestigationsisdiscussed. males attractedonlyfemales,indicatingthatthesecompoundsarelikelytobesex figuration inhighenantiomericpurity. Inlaboratorybioassaysusinga Y-olfactometer, >95%. ThisshowsthatinP. castaneusbothgrandisolandgrandisalkeep(1R standards. Asaresult,(1R was analyzedbyenantioselectiveGCusingaβ Corresponding author:[email protected] (Marques) PA-FLORESTAS, Colombo,PR,Brazil(ETI);UniversityofHamburg,Germany(AT, WF) Federal UniversityofParaná,Curitiba,PR,Brazil(SRMZ,GF, SMNL,BHLNSM,FAM); EMBRA- T Zaleski SRM,FrenschGLazzariSMNIedeET Pheromone castaneus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae):EvidenceofaSex Identification ofMale-SpecificV röger A,FranckeW, andMarquesF ,2S )-grandisol wasobtainedinanenantiomericexcess olatiles ReleasedbyPissodes A -cyclodextrin columnandsynthetic 4 producedgrandisol,which , MaiaBHLNS ,2S )-con- 75 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P7 76 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P9 (19 arehydrocarbonswithC pheromone recordinthefamilySimuliidae. presence ofsexpheromoneinstenogamousS.lineatumfemales.Thisisthefirst (10 arehydrocarbonswithC adults (bothfemalesandmales)differqualitativelyquantitatively: 27compounds lineatum males.ChromatographicprofilesofextractsS.and S. equinum cally closelyrelatedS.equinumfemalesdonotaffectprecopulatorybehaviourof S. dose dependent.Thecuticularchemicalsarespeciesspecific,asthoseofphylogeneti- the finalphasesofcourtshiponly(touchingandattemptingtocopulate).Theeffectis chemical compoundsaffectingpre-copulatorybehaviourofconspecificmalesduring (a dummytouch)andattempttocopulate.ThecuticleofS.lineatumfemalescontains Registered precopulatorybehaviourelementswerethefollowing:approach,contact min. 1 for male plus afemaledummyattachedthereonwasprovidedtoS.lineatum either withevaporatedpuresolventorcontainingfemalecuticularchemicals for searchofsexpheromoneshasbeenelaborated.Astimulusasafilterpaper laboratory conditions,andafteranumberofpreliminarytests,anoriginalbioassay ing onthesexincontact.Basedbehaviouralrecordsbothnatureandunder sex; however, quantitativecharacteristicsofbehaviouralinteractionsdifferdepend- lineatum malesdemonstratecourtshipbehaviourtowardconspecificblackfliesofany lineatum wasregisteredbothundernaturalandlaboratoryconditions.Innature,S. coupling) speciesS.equinum(L,1758)hasbeenchosen.Matingbehaviourof (aerial eurygamous bloodsucking closest phyllogenetically a study, comparative For (ground coupling)speciesSimuliumlineatum(Meigen,1984)waschosenasamodel. pheromones regulatingtheirprecopulatorybehaviour. Bloodsuckingstenogamous The aimofthepresentresearchwastoestablishwhetherblackfliespossesssex Corresponding author:[email protected] Lithuania (VBu) LT-03101, Vilnius, 21/27, Ciurlionio M.K. Studies, Environmental and Ecology for Centre ences, Akademijos 2,LT-08412 Vilnius,Lithuania(VBa);VilniusUniversity, FacultyofNaturalSci- University, Vilnius Ecology, of Institute Ecology, Behavioural and Chemical of Laboratory Baužiene VandBuda Possess SexPheromone Black FlySimuliumlineatum(Diptera:Simuliidae) · ~ ¯ 11 17 , , C 19 andC 26 , C 37 ) arepresentinS.lineatum,and55compounds 24 , 37 ) inS.equinumonly. Bioassay demonstrated ˇ

those geographiczones. tions, anditlikelyreflectsgeneticvariationassociatedwithenvironmental stressesin state-level distinctivenessofhydrocarbonprofileswasobservedinhouse flypopula- Minnesota, andGeorgiahaddetectableamountsof(Z geographic region.Seventy-one,63,and27%offemalesfromsouthernCalifornia, mating femaleswithdetectablelevelsof(Z was highandnotrelatedtothesizeorageofmatingfemale.Theproportion Of thefemalesthathaddetectable(Z only 55%ofmatingfemaleshaddetectableamounts(>4ngperfly)(Z of femalesweredetermined,withemphasison(Z gest thatassortativematingbysizedoesnotoccur. Thecuticularhydrocarbonprofiles 3), 99.2%ofwhichwerenulliparous.Headwidthmeasurementsmatingpairssug- DD (2.5-4d).Allmatingfemaleshadeggswithpartialyolkdeposition(stages2and (>200 DD)wererareinmatingpairs.Meanfemaleageatrangedfrom20to46 (DD) (4-10d),dependingonthefarm.Very youngmales(<10-20DD)andold using pterinanalysis.Meanageofmatingmalesrangedfrom54-100degree-days California, Minnesota,andGeorgia.Theagesof511matingpairsweredetermined two summersfromsixdairieslocatedinthreeclimaticallydistinctregions:southern House flies,MuscadomesticaL.(Diptera:Muscidae),werecollectedincopulaover Corresponding author:[email protected] Georgia, Athens,GA(NCH) of University Entomology, of Department (RDM); MN Paul, St. Minnesota, of ogy,University Entomology, UniversityofCalifornia Riverside,CA(JGM,JSM,BAM);DepartmentofEntomol- of Department (SMB); KY Lexington, Kentucky, of University Entomology, of Department and MullensBA Butler SM,MoonRDHinkleNC,illarJGcElfreshS Collected onDairies of MatingHouseFlies,Muscadomestica(Diptera:uscidae), Age, GonotrophicState,andCuticularHydrocarbonProfiles )-9-tricosene, variationinamountperfemale )-9-tricosene wasnotindependentof )-9-tricosene (muscalure). Overall, Overall, (muscalure). )-9-tricosene )-9-tricosene, respectively. A )-9-tricosene. )-9-tricosene. 77 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P11 78 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P13 as theydoinLepidoptera. PBAN peptidesinfireantscouldfunctionpheromoneproductionand/or regulation dopteran PBANsthanthePBAN/Pyrokininsfoundinotherinsectgroups. Thus,the and preprohormonepositionsofthefireantPBANgenearemoresimilar tolepi- PBAN (Soi-PBAN)andthreeadditionalneuropeptides,wasidentified. Thestructure (three pairs).FireantPBANcDNA,encoding176aminoacids,includingS.invicta tive neuronsintheVNCwerefoundthoracic(twopairs)andabdominalganglia mandibular, maxillaryandlabialneurons,asinLepidoptera.PBAN-likeimmunoreac- groups ofPBANproducingcellclusterswerefoundintheSGthatcorrespondto sexuals significantlystimulatedsexpheromoneproductioninalepidopteran.Three species, Solenopsisinvicta.Brain-subesophagealextractsofmaleandfemalefireant the presenceofPBANpeptidesandidentifiedcDNAforfirsttimeinanant tion tomaintaincolonycohesivenessandsociality. Inthepresentstudy, weconfirmed regulated insocialinsects,whichdependonsophisticatedpheromonalcommunica- However, virtuallynothingisknownabouthowpheromoneproductionandrelease moths. many in production pheromone sex stimulates it where hemolymph the into and diapause.PBANissynthesizedinthesubesophagealganglion(SG)released pyrokinins), 5)acceleratepupariumformation,and6)regulatepupaldevelopment reddish colorationhormone(MRCH),4)stimulatemusclecontraction(myotropinsor (PBAN), 2)actasanembryonicdiapausehormone(DH),3)inducemelanizationand The PBAN/Pyrokininpeptideshavebeenfoundto1)stimulatepheromoneproduction activity. physiological for required is sequence acid amino This terminus. C the at FXPRLamide, pentapeptide, conserved a by characterized are neuropeptides These arthropods. other some and groups insect all from found be to expected are family Peptides fromthepheromonebiosynthesisactivatingneuropeptide(PBAN)/Pyrokinin Corresponding author:[email protected] RKV); ARS–USDA,SRRC,NewOrleans,LA(AKR) Center ofMedial,AgriculturalandVeterinary Entomology, ARS–USDA,Gainesville,FL(MC, Choi MY from FireAntSolenopsisinvicta PBAN/Pyrokinin PeptidesinCentralNervousSystem , V ander MeerRK,andainaAK

footprints byT. brochymenaeisinfluencedbythe hostphysiologicalstatus. sition of the cuticular hydrocarbons. We conclude that the exploitation of host chemical mated by thehostphysiologicalstatus.GC-MS analysesofhexaneextractsthecuticle females confirmingthatparasitoid arena residencetimesweresignificantlyaffected lipids elicitastrongresponseofT. brochymenae femalesforextractsfrommated of virginandmatedhostadultswere evaluated.Thehexaneextractsofhostcuticular the T. brochymenaeresponsetoarenastreatedwithhexane extractsofthecuticles that thesourceofkairomonalcompounds couldbeattarsilevel.Inathirdexperiment stronger responsesthanthosefromthecorrespondingbodypartofmales, indicating adults. InthesebioassaysresiduesfromtarsiofmatedM.histrionicafemaleselicited haviour of female wasps in arenas treated with tarsi and scutella dissected from mated sperm wasfound.Asecondexperimentcarriedouttoexaminethe searchingbe- in virginfemalesandwithinterruptedcopulationneitherpulpy substancenor contrary, the On bulb. spermathecal the in found was sperm the and substance “pulpy” all matedfemalesthespermathecalductwasmarkedlyswollenfrombeing filledwith copula wereweakerthanthoseobtainedinthecaseofmatedfemales. Furthermore,in responses offemalewaspsontracesleftbyM.histrionicafemaleswithinterrupted left bymalesandfemalesofitshostonlywhenthewasmated.The arrestment in thespermathecalbulb.T. brochymenaeshowedtheabilitytodiscriminatetraces male-derived secretions(pulpysubstance)inthespermathecalductand ofthesperm females usedforthebioassayswerekilledanddissectedtoevaluatepresenceof h, and8h)parous(oneeggmasslaid)femaleswereevaluated.AllM.histrionica males andfemales,matedfemaleswithinterruptedcopulation(after30min,2h,4 responses ofT. brochymenaefemalestohostchemicaltracesleftbyvirginandmated with avideotrackingandmotionanalysissystem.Infirstexperimentthearrestment association wasused.Allexperimentswereconductedonanopenarena,andrecorded chemical traces.To testthishypothesisMurgantiahistrionica–Trissolcus brochymanae of amorefine-tunedstrategycarriedoutbytheparasitoidsfemalestoexploithost tus ofadulthostfemales,inducedbycopulationoroviposition,couldbethekeyfactors short time.Basedonthispremise,wehypothesizedthatchangesinphysiologicalsta- accurate informationbecausetheycould“guarantee”thepresenceofsuitableeggsin gender. However, thetracesleftonsubstratebymatedfemalescouldgiveamore the searchinginarestrictedareaandallowingparasitoidtodiscriminatehost walking pentatomidhoststriggerthearrestmentresponseofparasitoidsenhancing host stage.Amongthesecues,thepresenceofareascontaminatedbytracesleft potentially present,buttheyarenotableto“promise”thepresenceofsuitable selection process.Theyguideparasitoidfemalesintheareaswheretheirhostsare Indirect host-relatedcuesareimportantsignalsusedbyeggparasitoidduringhost Corresponding author:[email protected] Entomology andZoology–UniversityofPalermo(EP, SC) C.I.S.A.C., UniversityofPalermo(CDeP);DepartmentS.En.Fi.Mi.Zo.,sectionAcarology, Department ofScienzeAgrarieeAmbientali,UniversityPerugia(GS,FF, EC);Departmentof Salerno G,FratiF, ContiE,DePasqualeC,PeriandColazzaS Left byMurgantiahistrionica(Heteroptera:Pentatomidae) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)toExploitChemicalT A Fine-T M. histrionica males and females showed quantitative differences in the compo - uned StrategybyTrissolcus brochymenae races

79 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P15 80 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P17 5. PlantCellPhysiol.(1977)18:613–624. 4. Crit.Rev. PlantSci.(1997)16:361–392. 3. Ecology(2007)88:1021–1029. 2. NewPhytol.(1994)128:79–87. 1. Ecology(2007)88:210–218. of researchexploringplantresponsestomultipleorganisms. mutualism caninfluenceplant–herbivoreinteractionsandcontributeto agrowingarea dent onrhizobiafornitrogenneeds.Ourresultsdemonstratethattherhizobia–legume and jasmonicacid,respectively, weremorepronouncedinplantscompletelydepen- by aphidsandpodworms,accumulationsofthedefense-relatedhormonessalicylicacid larvae grewbetteronplantscompletelydependentrhizobia.Inresponsetofeeding fitness wasnotaffectedbythesedifferences,butsoybeanpodworm(Helicoverpazea) ferent ratiosoforganicureideNtoinorganicnitrateN.Soybeanaphid(Aphisglycines) bean (Glycinemax),thisdifferenceinnitrogensourcehasbeenshowntoresultdif- for theirnitrogenneeds,whilecontrollingplanttotalconcentration.Insoy- herbivores bygrowingplantswitharangeofdependencyonrhizobiaversusNfertilizer rhizobia (5).We exploredtheeffects ofrhizobiaonherbivoryandplantresponsesto plants receiveanitrogenfertilizer, asnitrateinhibitstheplant’s associationwith leaves (4).Manyofthesechangesarelessenedinadose-dependentmannerwhen roots tohousethebacteria,andtransportofdifferentformsnitrogen plant, suchasinitialinductionofdefense-likepathways,developmentnoduleson legumes withrhizobiainvolvesnumerousphysicalandchemicalchangesinthehost attention concerningtheireffectsonplant–herbivoreinteractions.Theassociationof (rhizobia), anotherclassofecologicallyimportantplantmutualists,havereceivedlittle of effectsonplant–herbivoreinteractions(1,2,3).However, nitrogen-fixingbacteria Interaction withbeneficialorganisms,suchasmycorrhizalfungi,canhaveawiderange adaptation. essential an is interactions simultaneous many to responses coordinate Plants arecentraltomostcommunityinteractionwebs,andthustheirability Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center Dean JM,escherC,andeoraesC and AccumulationofPhytohormones Plant D ependency on on ependency R hizobia for for hizobia N itrogen itrogen I nfluences nfluences H erbivory erbivory 6. Science(1966)151:79–80. 5. ACSChemBiol(2006)1:511–514. 4. JChemEcol(2008)34:584–590. 3. JNatProd(200770:1335–1338. 2. Tetrahedron Lett(1962)1:29–33. 1. AnnuRevEntomol(1978)23:125–149. number ofproteins.Also, small a as well as (5) glucose contains also defensive secretionofA.buprestoides walkingsticks. Inadditiontosmallirritatingmolecules,evidenceispresentedthatthe as otherspeciesanalyzedthatproducecompoundsalreadyknowntobeproducedby one novelcompoundhasbeendiscovered(3).We showthesecompounds,aswell ethylpyrazines, havebeenidentifiedforthefirsttimefromwalkingsticks,andatleast 10 phasmidspecies.Fromthiswork,eightcompounds,includingspiroketalsanddim- chemical biosynthesisstudies.Recently, wehaveanalyzedthedefensivespraysof results demonstratingthatA.buprestoidesisaverypromisingmodelorganismfor study ofvariabilityinA.buprestoidesdefensivechemistry(4,5),and3)preliminary found inwalkingsticksandthespeciesanalyzed,2)adevelopmentalgeographic recent discoveriesinwalkingstickchemicaldefense:1)anoverviewofcompounds simple straitchainketonestoalkaloids(3).Ourcurrentworkhighlightsthefollowing from range studies those in found Compounds 3). in cited (as analyzed been had mids work byothergroups,thechemistryofdefensivespraysfromeightspeciesphas- was acyclopentanylmonoterpenedialdehydetheycalledanisomorphal(2).Inearlier fensive compound(2).ThespecieswasAnisomorphabuprestoides,andthe Meinwald andEisnerin1962madethefirststructuralidentificationofaphasmidde- stances fromapairofmetathoracicglandsjustbehindthehead(1).Aclassicstudyby (1). Mostphasmidspeciesthatusechemicalweaponsdosobysprayingirritatingsub- morphology (camouflage)tobehaviorandmimicrychemicaldefenses Walkingsticks haveevolvedavariety ofmechanismstoavoidpredation—from biosynthesis ofavarietysmallmolecules. These resultsdemonstratethatwalkingsticksareagoodmodelsystem forstudying (4). novo de monoterpene defensive own its makes demonstrate thatA.buprestoides Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology, UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL Dossey AT andEdisonAS and Biosynthesis(OrderPhasmatodea) Walkingsticks asModelsforChemicalBiodiversity 13 C labeling experiments, along with previous reports (6), (6), reports previous with along experiments, labeling C 81 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P19 82 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P21 such asexudatesofhemipterantrophobionts,plantsap,orextrafloral nectar. abundance oftropicalarborealants,whichcommonlyfeedonN-poor food sources might thereforebemuchmorecommon,anditevenexplainthe extraordinary termites, to restricted be to believed was far so which insects, in fixation Nitrogen and Pantoeaisolates,underliningtheirpossibleroleasnitrogen-fixingsymbionts. functional activityofnitrogenase.2)ThenifHgenecouldbeamplifiedfrom Serratia workers andlarvaeofdifferentPseudomyrmexspeciesconfirmedthepresence 1. Appl.Environ.Microbiol.(2005)71:2026–2035. PCR andcultivationapproaches.1)ThereductionofgaseousC Pseudomyrmex ants.Thepresenceofmostgenerawasconfirmedviaindependent Erwinia, PantoeaSerratiaSphingomonasandWautersia (Cupravidus)inarboreal teria, andSpirochaetesthegeneraBurkholderia,CurtobacteriumEnterobacter Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria,Bacterioidetes,Firmicutes,Planctomycetes,Proteobac- (phylum/division) taxa bacterial the identify could we TReFID, Using community. rial enzymes andallowsthegrosscharacterizationofbacteriallifeinanycomplexbacte- from digestionsoffluorochrome-labeledPCRproductswithmultiplerestriction TReFID (1)appliesinsilicoanalysisofterminalrestrictionfragments(tRF)obtained community structureofanenvironmentalsample.Incontrast,theassignmenttool bacterial the into glance small a only provide sequencing and cloning by followed approach. Unfortunately, evenstandardpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)techniques and eventheirmereexistenceisstillinitsinfancy. We thereforechoseamolecular ity ofbacteriacannotbecultivated,andknowledgeontheirecologicalimportance sources, whereasotherspecieshaveonlylooseassociationswithplants.Themajor in hollowthornsofAcaciamyrmecophytesandexclusivelyfeedonplant-derivedfood of thegenusPseudomyrmex.Highlyspecializedspeciesthisobligatorilylive studied thepresenceandpotentialecologicalroleofbacteriainMéxicanacacia-ants Bacterial communitiesarehighlydiverseandhaveagreatecologicalimportance.We Corresponding author:[email protected] Guanajuato, México(MH) Irapuato, 36821 Irapuato-León, Carretera Norte, Libramiento 9.6 Km. CINVESTAV–Irapuato, Genética, Ingeniería de Departamento (SE); Germany Essen, D-45117 5, Universitätsstr. Duisburg-Essen, Universität BioGeo. FB Ecology, Botany–Plant General of Department U Eilmus SandHeilM Pseudomyrmex andTheirPutativeRoleinNitrogenFixation nexplored nexplored D iversity of Bacteria in in Bacteria of iversity A rboreal rboreal A nts of of nts 2 H 2 toC G 2 enus enus H 4 byliving

- induced sinkstrength—anditsabilitytoshapedefensechemistry. environmental stimuli,butidentifiesapotentiallyunappreciateddefensefunction— a newperspectiveonthemechanismunderlyingresourceallocationinresponseto in allleafcohortsofattackedplants48haftertreatment.Thisworknotonlyprovides entire rosettes.ResultsforP. rapaeshowasubstantialincreaseinthecw-INVactivity were measuredforleafcohortsofvaryingagesandcomparedwithresponsiveness two speciesofLepidoptera:PierisrapaeandSpodopteraexigua.cw-INVactivities model inplantdefensebyArabidopsisthalianaresponsetocaterpillarfeeding increased tanninbiosynthesis(2).Thisstudyevaluatesthe“inducedsinkstrength” phloem unloadingatsinktissuesbycleavingsucroseintohexosemonomers,and elevated activitiesofcellwallboundinvertase(cw-INV),anenzymethatfacilitates shown toincreasesinkstrengthindevelopingleaves(1).Thisresponsemanifested caterpillars onhybridpoplarsaplings,aswelltreatmentusingjasmonicacid,was the productionofcostlycarbon-baseddefenses.Forexample,grazingbygypsymoth young leaves,theyalsohavebeenshowntoserveasasourceofenergyenabling tissues tosinks,providethenecessaryresourcesforgrowthanddevelopmentin the plant’s vasculararchitecture.Althoughcarbohydrates,translocatedfromsource interactive networkofchemicalsignalsandresourcesthatflowbetweenmodulesvia The abilityofplantstorespondherbivoresisdeterminedbyahighlyintegrativeand 2. NewPhytol.(2004)164:157–164. 1. Oecologia(2002)130:585–593. Corresponding author:[email protected] Division ofPlantSciences,UniversityMissouri,Columbia,MO65211 Ferrieri A,SchultzJC,andppelH Model ofPlantDefense? Feeding— Caterpillar Induction ofCell-Wall Invertasein Arabidopsis thalianaby I mplications for the the for mplications I nduced nduced S ink ink S trength trength 83 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P23 84 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P25 selection andlarvalperformanceinthefield. tions ofthesevariousditerpenoidsinsunflowerheadsinfluencedadultfemalehost lines ofsunflowerandawildpopulationBSFM,todeterminewhetherconcentra- species thatfeedonsunflowerheads. We conductedasmallfieldtrial,usingseveral penoid acidsthat,inlaboratorytrials,werefoundtobetoxicotherlepidopteran says. Moreover, cultivatedsunflowercontainsrelativelylargeamountsoftwoditer bracts ofsunflowerheads,stimulateovipositionbyfemaleBSFMinlaboratorybioas- direct lossofseedproduction.We havefoundthatseveralditerpenoids,onthe bloom, moveinsidetheheadtofeedonpollen,florets,andovaries.Thelattercauses After hatching,neonatelarvaefeedinitiallyonbractsthen,astheheadbeginsto heads. sunflower prebloom of bracts involucral of whorl outer the on oviposit moths Cochylidae), isamajorpestofcultivatedsunflowerinNorthAmerica.Adultfemale The bandedsunflowermoth(BSFM),CochylishospesWalsingham, (Lepidoptera: Corresponding author:[email protected] USDA–ARS, NorthernCropScienceLaboratory, ND58105 (SF, ND PJO); Fargo, P.O. 4356, University, Box State Dakota North Entomology, of Department A FieldT Foster SP, OdePJ,andCharletLD Sunflower MothoneveralLines Adult HostPreferenceandLarvalPerformanceofBanded rial T esting theRoleofV arious Diterpenoidsinthe - 1. J.Chem.Ecol.15:2457–2464. Funding byINIA-FPTA, FCE(Uruguay), LindberghFoundation(USA),CNPq-ProSul(Brazil). compounds, (Z electrophysiological methods,andwefoundthatfemalesproducetwoEAD-active sex pheromoneofthisspeciesbycombinedchromatographic,spectroscopic,and larvae, andchemicalcontrolishencedonepreventively. We studiedthefemale this region.MonitoringofE.aporemaisdifficultgiventhecrypticbehaviour southern SouthAmerica,owingtothesignificantgrowthofsoybeanproductionin Epinotia aporemaisaNeotropicalpestoflegumesincreasingimportancein and/or ∆9dodecenyl/dodecadienylalcoholsandacetates. tribe Eucosmini(subfamilyOlethreutinae)includespeciesthatareattractedto∆7 congener, E.tedella,producesthesamecompounds(1),andmostgenerawithin the 15:1mixture,60%toalcoholalone,and20%1:1mixture.TheEuropean behaviours (wingfluttering,flyingwithintheplume),70%ofmalesresponded to 15:1 mixture,only10%didsofortheothercombinations.Iftakingintoaccount and 1:0;1.6µg).Althoughmostmales(60%)reachedthepheromonesourcewith 1:1, (15:1; alcohol/acetate of combinations different using tests tunnel wind in males EAD activitywiththoseofsyntheticstandards.We alsostudiedthebehaviourof we identifiedbasedonthecomparisonoftheirretentionindices,massspectra,and Corresponding author:[email protected] Universidad FederaldeParaná,Curitiba,PR,Brazil(VRH,PHGZ) Química, de Departamento Semioquímicos, de Laboratorio AG); CR, (PA, Uruguay tevideo, Laboratorio deEcologíaQuímica,FacultadUniversidadlaRepública,Mon- Altesor P, HorasVR,RossiniC,ZarbinPHGandGonzálezA Behavioral Response (Lepidoptera: T Sex PheromoneoftheBudBorerEpinotiaaporema(Walsingham) , Z )-7,9-dodecenol and(Z ortricidae): ChemicalIdentificationandMale , Z )-7,9-dodecenyl acetate(15:1ratio),which 85 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P27 86 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P29 3. CanEntomol140:184–191. 2. EntomolExpAppl123:185–192. 1. EntomolExpAppl123:177–183. biologically active(attractantorrepellent)tomales. Research iscurrentlyongoingtoisolateandidentifythespecificchemicals thatare males. conspecific with associated odors avoid Psyllidae any of males that indication males, orcuticularextractsofmales.To ourknowledge,theseresultsarethefirst males. We foundthatmalepsylla avoidedvolatileodorsfromlivemales,freshlykilled conspecifics. Winterformmalesalsowereassayedtoodorsproducedbyconspecific duced volatilechemicals,intheabsenceoffemaleinsect,areattractivetomale insect astheattractant;currentstudyisfirsttodemonstratethatfemale-pro- tractant withthisprocedure.AllpreviousolfactometertrialsC.pyricolausedthe suggesting thatweweresuccessfulatextractingtheimportantcomponentsof- females, live of number comparable a as attractive as were extracts cuticular female absence ofthehostplant,freshlykilledfemales,andfemalecuticularextracts.The Male winterformsdisplayedattractiontovolatilesemittedbylivefemalesinthe attractants. the of source the is material host infested the than rather psylla female describe similarresultswiththewinterform,confirmingforthismorphotypethat which isevidencethatfemaleC.pyricolaproduceavolatilesexattractant(3).We plant, host the of absence the in even females to attracted are males that shown also infested hostmaterial(1,2,3).Additionalworkwiththesummerformmorphotypehas males ofboththesummerformandwinterformmorphotypeareattractedtofemale- commercial pearsinNorthAmericaandEurope.Olfactometertrialshaveshownthat Pear psylla,Cacopsyllapyricola(Förster)(Hemiptera:Psyllidae),isamajorpestof Corresponding author:christelle.guedot.ars.usda.gov Wapato, WA 98951 Road, Pass Konnowac 5230 Service, Research Agricultural Agriculture, of Department U.S. Guédot C,HortonDR,andLandoltPJ Male Repellency V A olatiles andtofemaleCuticularExtractswithvidenceofMale- ttraction of of ttraction M ale Winterform Pear Psylla to Female-Produced Female-Produced to Psylla Pear Winterform ale mentally. this “natural”resistanceprovidesmoreadvantagesbotheconomicallyandenviron- insecticides, chemical with Compared resistance. plant improve or damage caterpillar The practicalgoalofthisresearchistofindchitinasesthatcouldeffectivelyinhibit resistance. insect plant of mechanism the understand further to opportunity an of purifiedchitianseoncaterpillargrowth.Exploringplantdefenseproteinsprovides mechanically damagedplantsaswell.Inthefuture,weplantotesteffectiveness wounded plants.Similarly, chitinaseenzymaticactivityincreasedinFAW-infested and chitinase transcriptswereinducedbyatleast20-foldonFAW-fed andmechanically titative real-timepolymerasechainreactionanalysisindicatedthatthelevelsofboth Chitinase I of FAW frass,wedeterminedthattherewereatleasttwochitinases(ChitinaseAand with thecaterpillarmidgut.Usingmultidimensionalproteinidentificationtechnology chitinase genespresentinmaizeplantthatmaytargetanddestroychitinassociated ( armyworm fall against mechanism defense the and Tx601) line insect-susceptible related chitinasesinZeamays(corn)inbredlines(insect-resistantlineMp708and yield loss.Therefore,thefocusofthisprojectistostudyfunctiondefense- damage. Withtherapidlyincreasingworldpopulation,itiscriticaltominimizethis A largepercentageofcroplossyearlyisduetoinsectdamage,especiallycaterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda,FAW). Recentstudiessuggestedtherearefourdifferent Corresponding author:[email protected](Han) Lansing, MI(MH,GAH) East University, State Michigan Biology, Molecular and Biochemistry of (HY,Department DSL); PA Park, University University, State Pennsylvania The Sciences, Soil and Crop of Department Han Y Studying theRoleofChitinaseinMaizeInsectDefense , ChuangW-P, HerdeM,oweGAandLutheDS ) presentinbothinsect-resistantandinsect-susceptiblemaizelines.Quan- 87 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P31 88 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P33 soybean plantdefenseagainstinsects isnotclearlyelucidated. comes fromothertypesofLOXs.Consequently, the involvementoflipoxigenasesin fense ofPI227687againstinsectpests.RegardingBRS257,theplant defenselikely say, chemical, biochemical, andmechanicalfactorscanactsynergisticallyonthede- content comparedwiththeothergenotypes.Consequently, asindicatedbythisbioas- 3) activityshowedneitherlongernorhighertrichomedensity, intermediateisoflavone higher isoflavonecontents.However, BRS-257, whichpresentedlowLOXs(1,2,and in ourtrialshowedhigherLOX2and3activities,trichome densityand treatments weredetected.PI227687isawidelyusedsourceofinsect resistanceand mental timevariedfrom21.46to22.57days,butnostatisticaldifferences between (173,52) comparedwithPI227687(108.20mg)andonBRS257(130.15 mg);develop- on BRS155,whoseseedspresentedhighLOXs(1,2,and3)activities were heavier ties ofLOX1,andBRS133presentedthehighestactivity2 3.Adultsfed 2 activity. AtR8, BR16,IAC100,BRS133,andPI227687presentedthehighestactivi- LOX higher presented Dowling and activities, 3 LOX and 2 LOX highest the presented At R6,seedsofBRS155presentedthehighestLOX1activity, BRS155,andPI227687 genotypes. other the with compared trichomes of density higher presented 227687 PI 16, Dowling,andBRS155showedlongertrichomes,whereasIAC100,213, BR 134, BRS adulthood. to stage second the from R6-pods, with fed were stink-bugs ated atsoybeandevelopmentalstagesR6,andR6plusR8,respectively. Nymphsof grown ingreenhouse.Podsandseedsweremorphologicallybiochemicallyevalu- (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)developmentaltimeandadultweigh.Thegenotypeswere ‘IAC 100’,PI227687,and‘Dowling’),relatingtheseinformationwithNezaraviridula 16’, ‘BR 133’, ‘BRS 134’, ‘BRS 257’, ‘BRS 213’, ‘BRS 155’, (‘BRS genotypes soybean in evaluate lipoxygenases(LOX)enzymaticactivityanddensitylengthoftrichomes structures generallyrelatedtophysicalplantdefense.Thisworkwascarriedout and intheresponsetoinsectpathogenattacks.Trichomes aremorphological molecules, regulatory of biosynthesis the in involved enzymes are lipoxygenases Plant sis ofmetabolitesormorphologicalstructurestodeterinhibitherbivorousactivity. needs toactivateitsdefensesagainsttheirinjuries.Generally, plantsusethesynthe - Soybean [Glycinemax(L.)Merr.] isattackedbyinsectsandotherpestsconstantly Corresponding author:[email protected] JMGM, CBHC) DM, MCS, (JPG, Brazil State, Paraná Londrina, Soja, Embrapa (DM), Paraná do Federal Universidade (MCS) UNESP/Jaboticabal (JPG), Paraná do Norte do Estadual Universidade and Hoffmann-CampoCB Graça, JPda,SalvadorMC,elloD,andarinoJMG Plant Resistance and T Enzymatic ActivityofLipoxygenases,IsoflavoneContents, richomes inSoybeanGenotypes:Implicationonnsect

such asGF-120. and-kill system,orasanattractantadditivetoexistingproteininsecticide baitsprays treatment timing),asacontrol/eradicationmethodwithmasstrapping oranattract- trapping fordetection(newinfestations/biosecurity)andmonitoring/delimitation(for comparably lownumbersofnontargets.Applicationsthisnewfemalelureinclude it hasthepotentialtobeusedwithadrytrap,long-lasting,andcaptures baits; protein over advantages other several have may lure this attractive, more being matrix plugsandcaughtmorefemalesthatsolulysinMcPhailtypetraps.Besides solulys proteinbait.Subsequently, a7-componentblendwasformulatedintoplastic Initial fieldcaptureswiththe9-componentblendwere2timesgreaterthan experiments. cage field and olfactometer rotating outdoor in attraction female-biased ing olfactometerandfieldcage.Six-9-componentblendswereshowntohave on initialscreeningresultsandEADresponsestestedinbothanoutdoorrotat- outdoor rotatingolfactometerexperiments.Syntheticblendswerecomposedbased compounds wereinitiallyscreenedassinglecomponentsinglassMcPhailtraps volatiles identified32compoundsthatweredetectedbymelonflyfemales.Active a syntheticlureforB.cucurbitae.GC-EADanalysisoffreshandagedcucumberslurry are attractivetofemalemelonfly, andtheobjectiveofthisresearchwastoidentify and herpotentialoffspring.Previousworkhasshownthatfreshlyslicedcucumbers interest becausetheycouldbeusedtoreducepestlevelsbykillingboththefemale ceous andcucurbit-relatedcrops.Attractantsforfemalemelonfliesareofparticular pacific, subcontinental,andsoutheastAsia,causingdamagetoavarietyofsolana- The melonfly, Bactroceracucurbitae(Coquillett),isaseriouscroppestthroughoutthe Corresponding author:[email protected] University, Harrisonburg,VA (MSS) USDA–ARS–USPBARC, Hilo, HI (EBJ, LAC, JTN); Department of Chemistry, Eastern Mennonite Jang EB,SiderhurstMS,CarvalhoLAandNagataJT Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett) Cucumber V olatile BlendAttractivetoFemaleMelonFly, 89 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P35 90 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P37 tri-, andtetra-methylbranchingpatterns. di-, mono-, same the had alkanes and alkenes Both derivitization. disulfide dimethyl more monounsaturated alkenes. The alkenes were identified as all 1-alkenes based on summer andoverwinteringbeetles.Overwinteringbeetleshadfeweralkanes based onsex.However, profilesweredifferentbetweenbeetlescollectedduringthe analysis byGC-MS.Hydrocarbonprofilesobtainedfromadultbeetlesdidnotdiffer argentation chromatographyfollowedbyderivatizationwithdimethyldisulfideand agnostic ions.Doublebondpositioninalkeneswasdeterminedbypurificationthrough identified basedonequivalentchainlengthindicesandknownmassspectrometerdi- indicated that>95%ofthehexaneextractcontainedhydrocarbon.Hydrocarbonswere Cuticular lipidswereextractedwithhexaneandthin-layerchromatographicanalysis males. for tan and females for black being frons the of color the on based sexed and nearby deciduousforest.Thebeetleswerestoredat–20°Cwithin24hofcollection to September. Theoverwinteringpopulationwascollectedfromtheleaflitterofa Beetles werecollectedoffsoybeanbyusingsweepnetsduringthemonthsofMay overwintering. generation last the of adults the with Iowa in year per generations (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae),atvarioustimesduringtheseason.Thisbeetlehastwo Hydrocarbon profilesweredeterminedforadultbeanleafbeetles,Cerotomatrifurcata Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, Iowa StateUniversity, Ames,IA50011-3222 Jurenka R Present inOverwinteringAdults Beetle, Cerotomatrifurcata:Multi-ethylbranched1-Alkenes Seasonal ChangesintheCuticularHydrocarbonsofBeanLeaf

nection. secretion seemstoensurethesuccessfulprecopulatorypositionbefore genitalcon- nuptial the to sensitivity gustatory female-biased A feeding. nuptial compulsive to her that thesynergisticeffectofPConMTinfemale’s sugarreceptorcellswouldlead sugar-specific impulsesincreaseinfemalesbutnotmales.Theseresultssuggested In theresponsestoamixtureofMTandPC,feedingresponsefrequency sexes. both in responses specific no elicited MT. to Phosphatidylcholine sponsiveness in males.Incontrast,therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthesexesre- and onetypeofnonspecificimpulsesweresignificantlyhigherinfemalesthanthose when stimulatedwithTG-8extractsinbothsexes.Thefrequencyofthesugar-specific of nonspecificimpulses,wererecordedfromagustatorysensillumontheparaglossae males. Fourtypesofimpulses,thatweresugar-specific, salt-specific,andtwotypes ological responsestoTG-8extractsweresignificantlyhigherinfemalesthanthose sexes bybehavioralandelectrophysiologicaltests.Bothfeedingelectrophysi- the gustatoryeffectofcomponentsonperceptionsecretionsinboth major ingredients,maltotriose(MT)andphosphatidylcholine(PC),weinvestigated the femaletokeepherselfinaprecopulatoryposition.UsingTG-8extractsandits tergal glands(TG-8)initssequentialcourtshipbehavior. The“nuptialfeeding”leads pheromonal phagostimulantsprovidedasanuptialsecretionfrommale’s eighth on feed compulsively Females oftheGermancockroach,Blattellagermanica, Corresponding author:[email protected] Kobe, Japan(MO) University, Kobe Science, of School Graduate Biology, of Department RN); (AW-K, Japan Laboratory ofChemicalEcology, GraduateSchoolofAgriculture,KyotoUniversity, Kyoto, Wada-Katsumata A,OzakiM , andNishidaR in theGermanCockroach,Blattellagermanica Phospholipids inGustatoryPerceptionofNuptialSecretion Sexually BiasedynergismbetweenOligosaccharidesand 91 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P39 92 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P41 1. Naturwissenschaften88:339–342. apple, pear, andwalnutorchards. paired trialspraysofinsecticidesaloneunderlowtohighcodlingmothpressurein (<1.5 gPE[AI]/ha)haveimprovedoverallefficacyof18insecticidesby30to59%over insect growthregulators,botanicals,andmicrobials.LowratesofPE-MECadjuvant pyrethroids, OPs, including insecticides, various with adjuvant bait-spray a as efficacy Trécé, Inc.)haveexpandedoverthepast4yrto65worldwidefieldtrialstestingits DA-MEC; (CIDETRAK PE-MEC using Experiments weeks. for kairomone emit that on sprayedsurfaces.PEhasbeenformulatedwithin2–8-µmmicrocapsules(PE-MEC) Moreover, itpromotes“larvalwandering”andretentionenhancedexposuretime (1). larvae moth codling neonate to attractive highly be to found was kairomone ate, made moreeffectiveandaffordable.Thepearester(PE),ethyl(2E insecticides. Thus,thereisaneedforalternative,reduced-riskinsecticidestobe Food QualityProtectionAct1996isbanningtheuseofmostorganophosphate(OP) Corresponding author:[email protected] (DML, JJB);USDA–ARS–YARL, Wapoto, WA (ALK);Trécé, Inc.,Adair, OK(JH,JD,BL) CA Albany, USDA–ARS, Unit, Research Mycotoxin Plant Center, Research Regional Western Light DM,KnightAL,BeckJJ,HaworthJ,DownsandLingrenB nella (Lepidoptera:T Spray AdjuvantforInsecticidalControlofNeonateCydiapomo- D evelopment of the Pear Pear the of evelopment ortricidae) E ster Kairomone as a a as Kairomone ster M icroencapsulated icroencapsulated ,4Z )-2,4-decadieno- their physiologicalandecologicalmeaning. first fewdaysafteremergence,andthendecrease.Resultsarediscussedintermsof virgin femalesweremoresensitiveandantennalsensitivitytendstoincreaseinthe females: of sensitivity antennal the affect to found were age and status mating Both response. antennal modulating factors the assess to used was pheromone sex the of induced andnoninducedcottonvolatiles,flowerodours)themaincomponent troantennography (EAG).Theresponsetodifferentplantodours(herbivore-damaged sensitivity offemalesthecottonleafworm,Spodopteralittoralis,byusingelec- antennal the on food) to access and age, status, (mating factors physiological ferent system tothecentralnervoussystem.Inthisstudy, weinvestigatedtheimpactofdif - in behaviourmighthavedifferentphysiologicalorigins:fromtheperipheralsensory for ovipositionsites,andhungryindividualslookfood.However, suchmodulation an impactonitsbehaviour. Virginfemalesgenerallycallmales,matedlook Physiological stateofaninsect(age,starvation,matingstatus,etc.)isknowntohave Corresponding author:[email protected] Division ofChemicalEcology, Department ofPlantProtectionBiology, SLU,Alnarp,Sweden Martel V (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) System oftheCottonLeafWorm Spodopteralittoralis Impact ofPhysiologicalStatusonthePeripheralOlfactory , AndersonP, HanssonB,andSchlyterF 93 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P43 94 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P45 6. JChemEcol(2000)26:189–202. 5. JChemEcol(2006)32:981–992. 4. ArchInsectBiochemPhysiol(2005)58:106–113. 3. Nature(2002)416:599–600. 2. JChemEcol(1992)18:885–895. 1. PhysiolEntomol(1987)12:387–398. could opennewavenuesforthedevelopmentofsustainableagriculturalpractices. graded inresponsetothetasteofplantdefenses.Examiningthisdynamicinteraction defense-elicitors byexamininginsectsalivaryproteinsthataresynthesizedorde- will beusedasamethodtoidentifycandidateinsectcounter-defenses andplant teome afterexposureofgustatoryreceptorstoselectedplantdefenses.Theseresults plant defenses,inadditiontothecorrespondingchangesinsect’s salivarypro- We presentthegustatoryresponses oflarvalHeliothisviresenstoavarietyknown (6). secretions oral caterpillar in found been have also volicitin, as such defenses, saliva-deficient caterpillarsperformpoorlyonplants(5).However, elicitorsofplant lars feedingontobaccothanotherhostplantssuchastomatoorcotton(4),and wound-inducible defensesinplants(3),ispresenthigherquantitiescaterpil- tion orsuppression.Glucoseoxidase,asalivaryenzymeincaterpillars,suppressesthe (1,2). Italsomaytriggerchangesintheinsect’s salivarelatedtoplantdefenseactiva- Insect tasteperceptionoftheirhostplantmediatesfeedingbehaviorandphysiology Corresponding author:[email protected] GWF); FrenchNationalInstituteforAgriculturalResearch,Versailles, France(FMP) Department ofEntomology, The PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA (KRS, Szulewski KR,Marion-PollF, andFeltonGW Response toT (Lepidoptera: ties ofLarvalHeliothisvirescens Changes intheSalivaryProteomeandGustatoryReceptorActivi- asting PlantDefenses N octuidae) in in octuidae) the nymphandadults. be duetothedifferencesinpredatorguildsandvisualdefensivestrategiesbetween differences ofthechemicalcomponentsandtheirfunctionsduringdevelopmentmay hexanal alonealsoelicitedtheadultdispersalbehaviors,buthexanoldidnot.The nents. Incontrast,theadultrespondedonlytosecretions.Hexylacetateand 4-oxo-(E The nymphsdispersedinthepresenceofeithernymphsecretion,(E bugs. mesquite conspecific to signals alarm as function also components chemical the pounds, 4-oxo-(E chemically protectedfrominsectpredators,whereasadultsarenot.Ofallthecom- hexanol, andhexanal.Theresultsofthepredatorbioassayssuggestthatnymphsare ( identified bygaschromatography-massspectrometryandNMR.Thenymphssecrete gies. Thesecretorycompoundsfromthenymphsandadultswereisolated chemical defensewouldchangealongwiththeofvisualdefensivestrate- investigated thechemicaldefenseofnymphsandalsoexaminedwhethertheir red withwhitespots,whereastheadultsarelargeandcryptic,notaposematic.We of thegiantmesquitebug(Thasusneocalifornicus:Coreidae)arebrightlycolored Aposematic animalscommonlypossessthechemicaldefensivesystems.Thenymphs E )-2-hexenal and4-oxo-(E Corresponding author:[email protected] Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, NewHaven,CT(KLP) and KLP, Ecology (KN, AZ JXB); Tucson, Arizona, of University Entomology, of Department Noge K,PurdicKL,andBecerraJX neocarifornicus: Coreidae) Defensive CompoundsoftheGiantMesquiteBug(Thasus Adults andNymphsDootSmelltheame:Theifferent )-2-hexenal, buttheydidnotrespondtotheadultsecretionanditscompo- )-2-hexenal wasparticularlydeterrentandtoxictomantids.Someof )-2-hexenal, whereas the adults secrete hexyl acetate, acetate, hexyl secrete adults the whereas )-2-hexenal, )-2-hexenal or 95 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P47 96 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P49 ecological significanceofthisplant/naturalenemyinteraction. of inductiontomatodefensegenes.We discussourresultsinthecontextof level relative the on stage life and density insect as such parameters of influence the defense genesassociatedwiththeJAandsalicylicacidpathways.We examined several of level expression relative the PCR real-time by quantified and insidiosus, herbivores. We sampledtheyoungest leafof4-wk-oldtomatoplantscagedwithO. insidiosus, intheearlyinductionoftomatodefensegenes,absencestrict Here, weinvestigatethepotentialroleofpresenceafacultativepredator, Orius data). unpublished Felton, and (Peiffer occurs damage feeding before even pathway, (JA) jasmonate the of activation by (Pin2) II inhibitor proteinase induced wound the trichomes causedbycaterpillarscrawlingwassufficienttoinducetheexpressionof Peiffer andFeltondemonstratedthatthemechanicaldisruptionoftypeVIglandular herbivores: of detection early the in role important an play to thought are trichomes cal forplantecologicalsuccess.Intomato(Solaneumlycopersicum),leafglandular the subsequentactivationofspecificplantdefensemechanisms,thatmaybecriti- Early detectionofenvironmentalcuesindicatingtheclosenessherbivores,and Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity, University Park,PA Quaghebeur HMandFeltonGW Anthocoridae), onInducedDefensesinT Influence ofaGeneralistPredator,( Oriusinsidiosus omato H eteroptera: eteroptera: pheromone thatcouldleadustodevelopinganattractantforthisspecies. weevil pepper the investigating further are We IPM. in important become to likely from blueberries, butbecausetheylacksignificantbehavioralactivity alonearenot compounds volatile several identified has project This control. the than weevils weevils thancontroltraps,butthepepperweevillureattractedsignificantly more weevil pheromonelure.Thecinnamylalcoholbaitedtrapsdidnotcapturemore were attractivetofemaleweevils,andmaleweevilsattractedthepepper behavioral activityofmethylsalicylate,hexylacetate,orcinnamylalcohol.Flowers alcohol, linalooloxide,linalool,andα cinnamyl salicylate, methyl butyrate, acetate, cis-3-hexenyl hexyl to responsive highly were antennae Weevil volatile. flower blueberry major the cinnamyl alcoholwereemittedonlyfromblueberryflowerswithas More than30compoundswereidentifiedusingGC-MS:cis-3-hexenylbutyrateand 2008. in traps baited lure weevil pepper and alcohol cinnamyl with farms blueberry commercial four at up set was study field A activity. behavioral for olfactometer tube antennal responsivenessandthepepperweevilpheromonelureweretestedinaY- were subsequentlytestedinEAGs.Blueberryplantparts,compoundswithhigh We analyzedvolatilecompounds fromblueberryleaves,buds,andflowers,which investigated theroleofplantvolatilesandpheromonesformonitoringortrapping. losses toblueberrygrowers.Aspartofanintegratedresponsethisproblem,we This projectwasconductedinNewJersey, wheretheweevilcausesmajorcrop (Ericacea). corymbosum L.(Ericaceae),andoncranberry, VacciniumAit. macrocarpon It causessignificanteconomicinjuryoncultivatedhighbushblueberry, Vaccinium America. North to native feeder bud flower oligophagous an is weevil cranberry The Szendrei Z,MaloE,andRodriguez-aonaC Anthonomus musculusSay(Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Corresponding author:[email protected] Chiapas, CP30700,Mexico 08019 (ZS,CR-S);DepartamentodeEntomologia,ElColegiolaFronteraSur, Tapachula, Rutgers, TheStateUniversityofNewJersey, 125ALakeOswegoRoad,ChatsworthNJ I dentification of of dentification H ost-Plant ost-Plant A -humulene. Y-tube choicetestdidnotsupport ttractants for the Cranberry Weevil, Weevil, Cranberry the for ttractants 97 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P51 98 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P53 ing volatileproduction. overcome inducedplantdefensesthatattractparasitoidsandpredatorsbymanipulat- induced volatilesignalsprovidesinsightintoamechanismbywhichaphidscan ( These compoundsincludetheterpene(E inhibited byaphidfeedingareknownattractantstotheparasitoidAphidiuservi. caterpillar, Spodopteraexigua.Someofthecaterpillar-induced volatilesthatare volatile emissionnormallyincreasedinresponsetofeedingbythebeetarmyworm inducing detectablechangesinvolatileemission.Additionally, peaaphidsinhibit The peaaphid,Acyrthosiphonpisum,isabletofeedonbroadbeanplantswithout enemies. natural attract that compounds volatile airborne of production the including means, several through herbivory against themselves defend to able are Plants Z )-3-hexen-1-ol and(Z Schwartzberg EGandT Pea Aphid,Acyrthosiphonpisum Corresponding author:[email protected] Center forChemicalEcology, The PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA Caterpillar- A re re A phids phids I S nduced nduced tealthy, or or tealthy, )-3-hexenyl acetate.Theabilityofaphidstoinhibitherbivore- V olatile olatile umlinson JH A re re T E hey hey mission in Broad Bean Plants by the the by Plants Bean Broad in mission )-β -ocimene andthegreenleafycompounds M anipulative? anipulative? S uppression of of uppression pyrazines andLFA attractionisdiscussed. are knowntocontainalkylpyrazines.Thepossiblerelationshipbetweenpeanutbutter presented. CurrentW. auropunctatadetectionmethodsusepeanutbutterbaits,which observed antpyrazines.ResultsofLFA responsestoalkylpyrazinesinbioassaysare a seconddisubstitutedalkylpyrazine.Ongoingsyntheticworkseekstoidentifythe a constitutionaland/orregio-isomerof2,5-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)pyrazineand extracts: ant in pyrazines two of presence the indicate analysis synthetic and etry compound withantextractssuggeststheidentificationisincorrect.Massspectrom- the W. auropunctatamandibularalarmpheromone.However, acomparisonofthis Howard etal.(1)identify2,5-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)pyrazineasacomponentof workers. and growers fruit to risks commercial and health pose trees fruit Hawaiian in in West AfricaandthePacific. Inadditiontothreateningnativespecies,antsnesting America andtheCaribbeanintosouthernUnitedStateswithinfestationsreported the Western Hemisphere.Itsrange extendsfromnorthernArgentinathroughCentral Little fire ant (LFA), 1. InsectesSoc.29:369–374. Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofChemistry, EasternMennoniteUniversity, Harrisonburg, VA Showalter DN,T Fire Ant,Wasmannia auropunctata Alkylpyrazines: larmPheromoneComponentsoftheLittle Wasmannia auropunctata, is an invasive pest occurring throughout royer EJ,andSiderhurstMS 99 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P55 100 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P57 as tohowtheymightbeableassisthighschoolteacherswhotakeonthatchallenge. implement suchacourseatthehighschoollevel,andsuggestionsforlocalprofessors this coursearedetailed,alongwithsuggestionsforprospectiveteachersonhowto from arising challenges the and successes the Both students. by chosen topics research (Chemical EcologyResearch)isgiven,alongwiththelabactivitiesandsomeof science tohighschoolagestudents.Abriefdescriptionoftheelectiveresearchcourse with manifoldapplications—itwouldseemtomakeforawonderfulwayintroduce with eachother. Asacutting-edge(andoftenfascinating)areaofscience—andone the manydifferentwaysinwhichanimalsandplantscommunicatewiththemselves biology andchemistryinauniquewayofferswindowthroughwhichwecanexamine Chemical ecologyisarelativelynewandfast-growingfieldofresearch.Combining Corresponding author:[email protected] The RoanokeValley Governor’s SchoolforScienceandTechnology, Roanoke,VA Smith T eaching ChemicalEcologyinHighSchool:RewardsandChallenges reversed phaseHPLC. into onlyMeOHfr., andthisfractionisbeingfurtherpurifiedwithODScolumn with followingsolvents:Hex,50%Et In contrast,thehexanelayerwaschromatographedonasilicagelcolumnbyeluting ing stimulantsfromthewaterfr., 20%MeOH-waterfr. andMeOHfr., respectively. crose, chlorogenicacid,andquercetin3-O HPLC, andthreecompoundswereisolated.AnalysingbyNMR,LC-MS,UV, su- showed strongactivity. Eachfractionwasthenfurtherpurifiedwithareversedphase four fractions.Thecombinedfraction(waterfr., 20%MeOH-waterfr. andMeOHfr.) fr. andMeOHfr. byanODScolumn,butactivitycouldnotbedetectedinanyofthe water layerwasfractionatedintofr., 20%MeOH-waterfr., 40%MeOH-water choice test,whichusedG.sarpedonlarvaandthinfoampolystyrenedisks.Then,the The waterlayerandthehexaneshowedstrongfeedingstimulusactivitiesbya layers. water and hexane into partitioned first was leaves extract ofC.camphora ( of thegreen-bandedswallowtail(GraphiumsarpedonL.)larvaefromcamphortree larva fromtheirhostplants.We havebeenconductingastudyonthehostselection host plants.However, thereareonlyafewreportsonfeedingstimulantsforbutterfly oviposition stimulantsforadultfemalebutterflieshavebeenidentifiedfromtheir Host selectionofthePapilionidaehasbeenwellinvestigated;inparticular, the Sieb) by investigating the feeding stimulants. The methanol methanol The stimulants. feeding the investigating by Sieb) Cinnamomum camphora Corresponding author:[email protected] Faculty ofAgriculture,KochiUniversity, 200BMonobe,Nankoku,Kochi,783-8502,Japan and KimC-S Wakui R,NishimuraY sarpedon L.)Larva camphora Sieb)totheGreen-Bandedwallowtail(Graphium Feeding StimulantsfromtheCamphorT , NishiyamaY 2 O-Hex, Et - β -glucopyranoside wereidentifiedasfeed- , IkenoY 2 O, andMeOH.Activitywasrecovered Cinnamomum ree Leaves(Cinnamomum , T ebayashi S, 101 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P59 102 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P61 3. Nature(1969)221:856–857. 2. EurJEntomol(2001)98:111–115. 1. Zoon(1973)Suppl.1:23–30. Republic (IAA40550506)isgratefullyacknowledged. Czech the of Sciences of Academy the of Agency Grant the by work this for support Financial (ethyl estersynthase,desaturase,elongase,reductase,anddecarboxylase). the bumblebeebodygivesusanevidenceofpresencecorrespondingenzymes acid toB.lucorummales.Presenceofthedeuteratedmetabolitesindifferentparts tetradecenoate weredetectedintheapplicationofpartiallylabeledhexadecanoid acids, probablyduetotheisotopiceffect.However, smallamountsoflabeledethyl applied fattyacid.Chainshorteninghasnotbeenobservedinperdeuterated chain wasfound,too,aswellelongationofthecarbonparticular ethyl esters,alcohols,andhydrocarbons(labialgland).Desaturationofthecarbon body), (fat triacylglycerols and di-, mono, tissues: the in found were metabolites ated means ofcomprehensivetwo-dimensionalgaschromatography. Thefollowingdeuter compounds, extractsofthedissectedlabialglandsandfatbodieswereanalyzedby rium-labeled fattyacidsasprecursors.After2–4daysofincubationthelabeled and hexadecan-1-olinB.lapidarius[3]).Thebiosynthesiswasstudiedusingdeute- hexadec-9-en-1-ol [2]; 9-enoate, ethyldodecanoate,andhexadecan-1-olinB.lucorum Both speciesproducealiphaticcompoundsintheirpheromonalblends(ethyltetradec- species. model as selected were labial gland(1).BombuslucorumandB.lapidarius Marking pheromonesofbumblebeemalesareproducedbythecephalicpart Corresponding author:[email protected] Science, CharlesUniversity, 128 40Prague,CzechRepublic(PŽ) of Faculty Chemistry, Analytical of Department AL); (IV, JK, PŽ, Republic Czech Prague, 10 166 Republic, Czech the of Sciences of Academy Biochemistry, and Chemistry Organic of Institute V of BumblebeeSpeciesBombuslucorumandB.lapidarius Biosynthetic StudiesoftheMalearkingPheromone alterová I,ŽácekP, KindlJ,andLuxováA ˇ - For bothgenders,thealcohols(E antennae. female than responsive more generally are antennae male that L.hesperus as wellimprovepopulationmonitoringofthispest.ResultsEAGtrialsshowed plant volatilesonL.hesperus.Thesestudiesmightleadtonovelcontrolstrategies, volatiles. We examinedtheelectrophysiological (EAG)andbehavioraleffectsof finding byL.hesperusispoorlyunderstood,butitatleastpartlymediatedplant western NorthAmerica,whereitisanimportantpestonawiderangeofcrops.Host The westerntarnishedplantbug,Lygus hesperus , inhabitsagriculturalregionsin behavioral trialsarediscussed. populations inagroecosystems.SimilaritiesanddiscrepanciesbetweenEAG thus, plantvolatilesmighthavepotentialformanipulatingandmonitoringL.hesperus conditions; laboratory under volatiles plant host to differentially respond hesperus a significantattractionto(R and (E acetate and(Z L. hesperusfemalesexhibitasignificantattractiontotheacetates(E penes thatweretested.BehavioraltrialsusingaY-tube olfactometershowedthat significantly higherEAGresponsesthantheacetates,monoterpenes,andsesquiter Corresponding author:[email protected] Chemical, Biological,andMaterialsEngineering,UniversityofOklahoma,Norman,OK(SZ) Department ofEntomology, Rutgers University, Chatsworth,NJ(CR-S);Departmentof USDA–ARS, EIWRU,Reno,NV(LW); USDA–ARS,ALARC,PMBCRU,Maricopa,AZ(JLB); Plant Williams IIIL,BlackmerJL,Rodriguez-SaonaC,andZhu Responses ofLygus hesperus )-β -ocimene, andthesesquiterpenefarnesene.Males,however, onlyexhibited V olatiles olatiles )-3-hexenyl acetate,themonoterpenes(R I nfluence nfluence )-α L. -pinene. OurresultsshowthatmaleandfemaleL. )-3-hexenol, (Z E lectrophysiological and Behavioral Behavioral and lectrophysiological )-3-hexenol, and1-hexenolelicited )- α -pinene, (R )-2-hexenyl )-2-hexenyl )-(+)-limonene, )-(+)-limonene, -

103 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P63 104 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P65 assessing theroleofgreenleafvolatilesinthisformpriming. to VOC-inducedprimingofindirectplantdefensesinmaize.Currently, wearealso and applicationofS.littoralisregurgitant.Thesedataindicatethatindolecontributes 3. PlantJ.(2007)49:16–26. 2. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2004)101:1781–1785. 1. Trends PlantSci.(2008)13:264–272. sesquiterpenes (E of indolehadnodirecteffectonVOCemission,butmediatedaprimedemissionthe synthase genes.GCanalysisofair- andindole-exposedplantsrevealedthatexposure quiterpene biosynthesisgeneTPS10,whilstreducingtheexpressionofotherterpene found thatexposureofmaizetoindoledirectlyenhancedthetranscriptionses- In thisstudy, weinvestigatedtheroleofindoleasanairborneprimingsignal.We faster andstrongeractivationofdirectindirectdefensesuponinsectattack(2,3). maize, thisso-calledVOC-inducedresistanceisbasedonpriming,whichmediatesa resistance insystemicallyconnectedplantpartsandevenneighbouringplants(1).In induced VOCshavealsobeenimplicatedaswithin-plantsignalsthatmediate natural enemiesoftheherbivore.Apartfromaroleinindirectdefence,herbivore- themselves indirectlybyemittingvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)thatcanattract themselves. Apartfromactivationofdirectdefensemechanisms,plantscanprotect Upon attackbyherbivorousinsects,plantsactivatevariousmechanismstoprotect Corresponding author:[email protected] United Kingdom Biological ChemistryDepartment,RothamstedResearch,Harpenden,Hertfordshire, Zhang Y Indole: AnirbornePrimingSignalofndirectDefensesinMaize? , Gordon-Weeks R,PickettJ,andT )-β -farnesene and(E )-α -bergamotene uponmechanicalwounding on J 105 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 106 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Chemical Deception/Mimicry Max PlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology, Jena,Germany 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building Chair: BillHansson, 2 SYMPOSIUM TUESDAY, 19 AUGUST 107 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 108 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 Epipactis plants. are learnedbyvisitingwaspsandusedasrecognitionsignalswhile other whether thesemorespecificcompoundsthantheGLVs foundinheadspacesamples atrorubens, aspeciesthatismainlypollinatedbybees.We presentlyinvestigate were moresimilartoeachotherinthewasp-pollinatedEpipactisspeciesthan E. extracts offlowersweidentifiedseveralaldehydesandalcohols.Their bouquets Epipactis flowersnorbythemixtureofGLVs inthe Y-tube experiment.Insolvent trophysiological investigationsbutwereneitherattractedbythesynthetic mixtureof workers respondtothesamecompoundsasV. germanicaandV. vulgarisintheelec- experiments withworkersofApismellifera.We foundthatantennaeof A. mellifera behavioral and investigations electrophysiological performed also we bees, honey as that thescentofEpipactisflowersdoesnotattractotherpotentialpollinatorssuch in chemicalmimicryfortheattractionofpollinatinginsects.To testourprediction wasps forpollination(2).ThisisthefirstexampleinwhichGLVs havebeenimplicated wasps. OurresultsshowedthatEpipactisflowersmimicGLVs toattractpreyhunting social for items prey common are which infested withcaterpillars(Pierisbrassicae), induced responseintheantennaeofwaspsalsowereemittedbycabbageleaves plant tissuesareknowntoguideparasiticwaspstheirhosts(1).SeveralGLVs that of thesocialwaspsVespula germanicaandV. vulgaris.GLVs, emittedbydamaged as ofScrophulariaemitgreenleafvolatiles(GLVs), whichareattractivetoforagers well is pollinatedbybees.Weas found thatallwasp-pollinatedspeciesofEpipactis wasp-pollinated species,wealsoinvestigatedEpipactisatrorubens,aspeciesthat and ofthenonorchidgenusScrophularia.To findfloralvolatilesthatareunique to the pollinatorattractingfloralvolatilesinwasp-flowersoforchidgenusEpipactis cal investigations,andchemicalanalyses,weinvestigatedinacomparativeapproach thing ofamystery. Usingacombinationofbehavioralexperiments,electrophysiologi- of pollinatingsocialwasps.Themechanismfortheattractionwaspswassome- Wasp-flowers exhibitphysiological andmorphologicaladaptationsfortheattraction 2. Curr. Biol.(2008)18:1–5. 1. Science(1990)250:1251–1253. We thankSterlingInternationalInc.(www.rescue.com), Spokane,WA, forfinancialsupport Corresponding author:[email protected] Deutschland (RT, WF) Hamburg, Hamburg, of University Chemistry, Organic of Institute JB); (MA, Germany Ulm, 89069 11, Albert-Einstein-Allee Ulm, of University Ecology, Experimental of Institute A Pollinator AttractionandDeceptioninWasp-Flowers yasse M,BrodmannJ,T wele R,andFranckeW

fly-pollinators. dynamic-headspace-GC/MS, anditsimportancefortheattractionofdifferent typesof scent compositionofdifferentstapeliadaswellCeropegiaspeciesdeterminedby flowers scentisassumedtoberesponsibleforattractionofflies. Wediscussflower to thehumannose,nonscented.Nevertheless,instapeliadsaswellCeropegia and itcaneasilybedetectedbythehumannose,whereasotherspeciesare,atleast sweetish/greenish, is it species, some In stapeliads. by emitted scent the to different small (kleptoparasitic)flies.Interestingly, thescentemittedbyCeropegiaisquite by them.ItisassumedthatCeropegiaflowersmimicbroodsitesorfoodsupplyfor of about24h,duringwhichtimepollinariahavebeenpickedupand/ordeposited pollinators (mainlysmalldipteranspecies).Pollinatorsarereleasedafteraperiod Ceropegia specieshavetrapflowers(Kesselfallen-Blüten)andtemporarilytheir flowers. Well knownandkeenly collectedbyplantgrowersisalsoCeropegia.All Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae stapeliadsarenottheonlygroupwithfooddeceptive and blowflies),i.e.,thepollinators,areattractedtoovipositorfeed.However, within substrate towhichespeciallysomeColeopteraandDiptera(fleshflies,houseflies, that emitodorsreminiscentofrottingfish,carrion,ordung.Thesemimicthe Famous arethedeceptivestapeliad(Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)“carrionflowers” odours. unpleasant very nose human the to emit flowers These beetles. dung or pollination. Thisbecomesobviousinflowerspollinatedbyinsectslikecarrionflies please thehumannose;theyareusuallyproducedtoattractanimalsforgoalof Goethe, andothers.However, floralvolatilesarenotproducedbytheplantsto Shakespeare, like poets inspired fragrances their and beauty of symbol a are Flowers Corresponding author:[email protected] Biological andConservationSciences,UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica(AJ) Department ofPlantSystematics,UniversityBayreuth,Germany(SD,UM);School Dötterl S,JürgensAandMeveU Floral ScentinDeceptiveApocynaceae-sclepiadoideae

109 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 110 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 chemical mimicryintheexploitation ofsaprophilousinsects. naceae; itsprevalenceatglobalantipodesunderscorestheuniversaleffectiveness of detained. Entomophiloussporedispersalhasevolvedatleasttwicein theSplach- the mossesbrieflyandproceedtoappropriatesubstrateswithoutbeing trappedor major differencebetweendungmossesandbrood-deceptiveflowers is thatfliesvisit as itfrequentlydoesamonginsectsthatpollinateangiospermflowers. However, the mosses, these to visitors fly among varies display olfactory and visual of importance odors richinphenol,cresols,andindole.Behavioralassaysindicatethat therelative mirabilis andT. dubyigrowoncowandgoosedung,respectively, andemitsporophyte Tetraplodon fuegiensisgrowsonfoxdungandemitsoligosulfides,whereas Tayloria cervid urineandfeces.ThesepatternsaremirroredinaustralSouthAmerica, where phyte odorsthatincludephenol,cresols,andcyclohexanecarboxylicacids presentin sphaericum growonherbivoredungandattractdiversefamiliesofflieswithsporo - dimethyl disulfideandtrisulfide,whereasSplachnumampullaceumS. flesh, rotting of odors the with flies muscid and calliphorid attracts and bone and growth. AcrossborealNorthAmerica,Tetraplodon mnioidesgrowsoncarnivoredung and sporophyteodorsthatchemicallymimicspecificsubstratesforgametophytic as sporedispersalagentsthroughstaggeredphenology, microhabitatspecialization physis, whichemitspungentodors.DungmossespartitiondiversefamiliesofDiptera on abrightlycoloredandparasol-shapedorotherwiseinflatedsterilebase,theapo- species presentmassesofstickysporesprotrudingfromasmallsporangiummounted appropriate substrates.SporophytesofSplachnum,Tetraplodon, andmanyTayloria organic matter—andentomophilous—theyco-optinsectvectorstodeliverspores species ofSplachnaceaearecoprophilous—theirgametophytesgrowondecaying other mosses,whichrelyexclusivelyonwindandgravityforsporedispersal,many the so-called“dungmosses”(Splachnaceae),anunusualfamilyofbryophytes.Unlike describe asimplerversionofbroodsitedeceptionanditsroleinthediversification a floralchamberortrapuntilbothmaleandfemalefunctionsareaccomplished. We (heat, texture)thatmanipulatevectorbehavior, and,often,thevector’s detainmentin of mimeticodorantsasattractants,thepresencesupplementarysignalcomponents lineages offloweringplants.Salientfeaturesthisstrategyincludetheuniversality effective pollinationstrategyamongaristolochias,aroids,stapelioids,andother Brood sitedeceptioninvolvingchemicalmimicryofdecayingorganicmatterisan Corresponding author:[email protected] University, St.Johns,Newfoundland (PM),UniversityofConnecticut,Storrs,CT(BG) Memorial (RAR); NY Ithaca, University, Cornell Behavior, and Neurobiology of Department Raguso RA,MarinoPC,andGoffinetB Fly-Mediated SporeDispersalinungosses(plachnaceae) Insult withoutnjury:TheEvolutionofChemicalMimicryand

4. Ann.Soc.Entomol.Fr. (2007)43:493–496. 3. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2008)105:7484–7488. 2. Behav. Ecol.Sociobiol.(2007) 61:811–821. 1. J.Chem.Ecol.(2005)31:1765–1787. l’Industrie etl’Agriculture”(NJV)andSwissNationalFundProject3100-068173(FPS). Financial supportwasprovidedbytheBelgian“FondspourlaFormationàRecherchedans complete theirlifecycle(4). cess totheirhostnestsinwhichtheywillultimatelyforageonpollenandnectar female beesexpheromone.Onceonboardthemalebee,beetlelarvaegainac- clusters ofparasiticoilbeetlelarvaeattractmalebees,theirhost,byimitatingthe chemical ecologyofanewcasesexualdeceptionfoundintheOldWorld, where species (3).We thendescribethe naturalhistoryandthepreliminaryresultson model, afemalebee,bytriggeringsupernormalstimulationinmalesofthetargeted show howanorchidmimiccanbenefitfromitsmimeticimperfectiontospecific orchids (1,2,3)orclustersofnewlyhatchedbeetlelarvae(4).Specifically, wefirst terrestrial of flowers by deceived sexually are males whose bees species ofColletes their hosts.We introduceresults frombothrecentandongoingresearchondifferent complex adaptationsthatallowthemtohijackchemicalcommunicationchannelsof sometimes inahighlyspecificway. Amongparasites,severalspecieshaveevolved Parasites arerenownedfortheirvariousstrategiesofexploitinghosts, Corresponding author:[email protected] likerstrasse 107,CH-8008Zürich,Switzerland(NJV, FPS) 50, B-1050Brussels,Belgium(NJV);InstituteofSystematicBotany, UniversityofZürich,Zol- Behavioural andEvolutionaryEcology, FreeUniversityofBrusselsCP160/12,Av. FDRoosevelt V Apoidea, Colletidae)andTheirssociated“Chemical”Parasites The Hitchhiker’s( Bees GuidetoSexualDeception:Colletes ereecken NJandSchiestlFP H ym. ym. 111 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 112 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 adaptive speciation. between thefourpopulations,ourfindingssuggestapossibleongoing processof the IsraelandTurkey populations.Consideringthehigh pollinator variationthatexists from separated well quite group, unique a form population Rhodos and Cyprus the identified: be could constellations different Three performed. was analysis PCA a and different locations(Cyprus,Turkey, Rhodos,andIsrael)werecollectedviaheadspace, Cyprus, mainlySphaeroceridaefliesarefound.FloralvolatilesofA.dioscoridis infour (Sphaeroceridae, Sepsidae)andbeetles(Staphilinidae,Scarabeidae).InRhodos,asin (Sphaeroceridae: Coproica)arecaught.InIsrael,thevisitorscoprophilousflies (Staphilinidae: AnotylusandAtheta),whereasinCyprusmainlycoprophilousflies of geographicalpollinatorvariation.InTurkey, thisspeciestrapscoprophilous beetles genus. AmongtheArumspecies,A.dioscoridisrepresentsoneofbestexamples ences betweenspecieswereverylow, indicatingapossiblerecentradiationofthe rbcL trnL)andonenuclearmarker(ITS)from24speciesofArum.Overall,thediffer logenetic treewasconstructedfromsequencesofthreechloroplastmarkers(matK, insects toArumfloral-emittedblends. To clarifythephylogeneticrelationships,aphy- and GC-MSexperimentstoidentifywhichcompoundsthatareactiveinattracting with amolecularphylogenyofthegroup.Furthermore,wearecarryingoutGC-EAD bouquets, andpollinatingfaunaoftheArumspeciescorrelatethesecharacters ferent habitatsandpollinators.We areinvestigatingmorphologicalcharacters,odour species ofattractedinsects.Thisisverylikelyaconsequenceadaptationstodif- of variability(withinandbetweenspecies)regardingmorphology, odour, andtype source. Dataavailableonthereproductivebiologyofgenusshowsahighdegree Arum representsagoodexampleofflowersmimickingthescentvaluablere- mimicry withoutofferinganykindofreward,i.e.,pollinationbydeceit.Thegenus ever, severalpollinator/flowersystemshaveevolvedpollinatorattractionbychemical Pollination isusuallyregardedasaclassicalcaseofinsect–plantmutualism.How- Corresponding author:[email protected] Germany Department ofEvolutionaryNeuroethology, MaxPlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology, Jena, Urru I,StöklJ,LinztensmyrMandHanssonB Arum Pollination—FunctionandEvolution - 2. Chemoecology(2006)16:59–68. 1. J.Chem.Ecol.(2006)32:767–778. ency intheCHCprofilesarekeyfactorforacceptanceofkleptoparasites. species showthatallhost/parasitepairsclustertogether, suggestingthatthecongru- more, aneighbor-joining analysisbasedonCHCsimilaritiesof>50 differentStizopina with thesimilarityofCHCprofilestestedandthatP. armaticeps (2).Further extracts ofotherspecieswereheavilyattacked.Thedegreeaggression correlates with theCHCextractofE.opacuswerealmostignored,whereasdummies species wereattackedandthrownoutoftheburrow. Inabioassay, dummiestreated the kleptoparasiteEremostibesopacusisacceptedbyhostP. armaticeps ; other not sufficienttoexplainthediscriminationbetweendifferentStizopina species.Only attacked orpulledintothelarvalfoodcage.Nevertheless,defensive secretionis species Parastizopusarmaticeps,whereasdummieswithoutdefensivesecretionwere onto odorlessdummies,thesedummieswereignoredbyguardingmales ofthehost kleptoparasites. WhendefensivesecretionofdifferentStizopinaspecieswasapplied and cuticularhydrocarbons(CHCs)playaroleintheintrusionacceptanceof start anewintrusionattempt.Bioassayshaveshownthatbothdefensivesecretion the hostpaynofurtherattentiontointruders,andkleptoparasitescould quiescent, are they Once secretion. defensive emit sometimes and antennae and legs were attackedbyahost,theyadoptquiescentdefensivepositionwithretracted as thehostspeciesguardtheirbreedingburrowsandattackanyintruders.Whenthey in, sneak to have they burrows, a locate have kleptoparasites the Once conspecifics. of differentspecies.Thus,thekleptoparasitesmaymistakehostodorforthat pheromones andthatthespeciesareunabletodiscriminatebetweensecretions behavioral studiesrevealthatthedefensivesecretionscofunctionasaggregation shows thatthechemicalcompositionisverysimilarwithinsubtribe.Moreover, hydrocarbons (1).Chemicalanalysisofthepygidialdefensivesecretion>50species secretion ofthehostandconsist1,4-benzoquinones,1-alkenes,monoterpene ing burrowstolocatetheirhosts.Thesevolatilesoriginatefromthepygidialdefensive inside thehostburrows.Thekleptoparasitesusevolatilesemittedfrombreed- kleptopasrasites (“cuckoos”)thatexploitthesubsocialspeciesandlaytheireggs evolved biparentalbroodcarewithdivisionoflabor, whereasotherStizopinaare Some membersofthesouthernAfricandarklingbeetlesubtribeStizopinahave Corresponding author:[email protected] Germany (SG,SFG,KP) Germany (SG);InstituteofBiologyI;UniversityFreiburg,Hauptstrasse1,D-79104 Institute ofBiology, FreeUniversityofBerlin,HaderslebenerStrasse9,D-12163 Chemical Geiselhardt, S,eiselhardtF, andPeschkeK (Coleoptera: T M imicry in the the in imicry enebrionidae) D esert esert T enebrionid enebrionid S ubtribe ubtribe S tizopina tizopina - 113 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 114 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 behavioral bioassays. present inantvolatileblends.Thishypothesiswillbetestedusinglaboratory-based of Jalmenusspeciesbasedonrelativeproportionsiridodialandrelatedcompounds hypothesize thatJalmenusbutterfliesdifferentiateamongcloselyrelatedantpartners as dolichodial,aniridodial-relatedcompound.Basedonourchemicalanalyses, we consistently elicitedanEADresponsetoasinglelargepeakwetentatively identify on identificationofiridodialstereoisomersisneeded.ExtractsfromFroggattellakirbii EAD responsesandiridodialpeakprofilesdifferedamongantspecies. Furtherwork extracts ofallIridomyrmexspecies.Multiplepeakscorrespondingtoiridodialelicited 5-hepten-2-one andiridodialaselectrophysiologicallyactivecompoundspresentin Using GC-MS,publishedspectraandauthenticstandards,weidentified6-methyl- caterpillars. at selectedlocalitiesbutareindifferentoraggressivetowardJ.evagoras ant ofJ.pseudictinus).Nonattendantspeciesoccursympatricallywithevagoras rufoniger sp.2and3(attendantantsofJ.daemeli)Froggattellakirbii 1. NonattendantantspeciesincludedI.purpureus(attendantofJ.ictinus), sp. caterpillars. AttendantantspeciesincludedIridomyrmexancepsandI.rufoniger ras tosolventextractsofbothattendantandnonattendantantspeciesJ.evagoras EAD toevaluatetheolfactoryresponsesofAustralianbutterflyJalmenusevago- elucidate theproximatebasisofhostantselectionbyadultbutterflies,weusedGC- have focusedoninteractionsbetweenbutterflylarvaeandtheirattendantants. To lycaenid butterfly–antinteractionsispoorlyunderstood,however, andstudiestodate may directlyenhancespeciationratesofthesebutterflies.Thechemicalecology as cueswhenselectingegg-layingsites.Asaresult,shiftsinhostantassociate species ofants.Obligatelyant-associatedlycaenidsfrequentlyusetheirantpartners alistic, ormorerarelyparasitic,associationswithasingleseveralcloselyrelated with aphylogeneticallydiverseassemblageofants,toobligatelydependentmutu- some waywithants.Relationshipsrangefromfacultative,mutualisticinteractions Nearly three-quartersofallbutterflyspeciesinthefamily Lycaenidae associatein H Corresponding author:[email protected] Chemistry, KenyonCollege,Gambier, OH(JSB, JEH) of Department BB); (AMF, MI APM, Kalamazoo, College, Kalamazoo Biology, of Department Fraser AM,MutsaersAP, BullardB,BeckettJS,andHofferberthE Jalmenus evagoras(Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae) Olfactory Butterfly ost ost A nt nt R ecognition in the Obligately Obligately the in ecognition R esponses to to esponses A nt nt V olatiles: Potential Cues for for Cues Potential olatiles: A nt- A ssociated Butterfly Butterfly ssociated

ence inthevolatileblendsproducedbyantsthisstudy. capable ofsensingallthecompoundswehavepreparedregardless oftheirpres- key syntheticstep.GC-EADanalysisrevealedthattheantennaeofJ.evagoras are 2,5-dimethylpyrazines alsohasbeenpreparedusingaSuzuki–Miyaurareactionasthe step enatiospecificsynthesisofactinidinefromcitronellal.Asmalllibrary3-alkyl- iridomyrmecin inseveralstereoisomericforms.Inaddition,wehavedevisedatwo- Specifically, wehavepreparedthemonoterpenesiridodial,dihydronepetalactone,and blends. volatile these in identified tentatively products natural the of some of EAD, standards. Here,wepresentthesynthesisandelectrophysiologicalanalysis,viaGC- chemical authentic of preparation the guide to GC-MS by characterized tentatively known totendotherJalmenusspecies.Thecomponentsofthesevolatileblendswere we havecollectedthevolatilesproducedbyI.ancepsandthreesympatricantspecies butterfly toidentifyanAcaciaplanttendedbyI.anceps.To examinethishypothesis, semiochemical (orblend)producedbytheantiscueused cues usedbythefemalebutterflyinthisdecision. We reasonthataspecies-specific aspects ofovipositionsiteselectioninthismutualism,littleisknownaboutthe behavioral the on reported been has research of corpus substantial a Although mutualism istheassociationofJalmenusevagoraswithantIridomyrmexanceps. shown togovernovipositionsiteselection.Awell-characterizedexampleofsucha The presenceoftheattendantantonanappropriatehostplant(Acacia)hasbeen butterflies. female by site oviposition an of selection accurate by possible made is ism Butterflies ofthegenusJalmenusexistinobligatemutualismwithants.Thismutual- Corresponding author:[email protected] Biology, KalamazooCollege,Kalamazoo, MI(AMF) Department ofChemistry, Kenyon College,Gambier, OH(JEH,JSB,JDB);Departmentof Hofferberth JE,BeckettSDandFraserAM evagoras inHostAntSelection Used bytheObligatelyAnt-ssociatedButterflyJalmenus Synthesis andGC-EADAnalysisofemiochemicalsPutatively 115 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 2 116 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Plant–Insect nteractions 15.50–17.20 JudithBecerra,UniversityofArizona 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building 14.00–15.30 JenniferThaler,CornellUniversity M oderators: oderators:

PARALLEL SESSION 3 TUESDAY, 19 AUGUST 117 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 118 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 ( components, pheromone major two the of blends optimal in divergence revealed Response surfacesconstructedfromfieldtrialsforattractionandmatingdisruption world. the throughout citrus of pest important an leafminer Phyllocnistiscitrella, of pheromoneblendcomponentsonattractiontoluresandmatingdisruptionforthe Geometric designswereusedtoexaminetheeffectofproportionalityandamount pheromone blendsasmixtures. first useofadvancedstatisticalmethodstoaddressthequestionoptimization of geometricstatisticaldesignstooptimizepheromoneblendsis,webelieve,the disruption ofsexpheromonecommunicationinthismothspecies.Theapplication effect ofthediene.Ourresultssupportanoncompetitivemechanismmediating Disruption, however, wasdrivenprimarilybythetrienecompoundwithlittletono triene:diene. of blend 3:1 a with baited traps to greatest was grove citrus a in moths Z,Z,E Corresponding author:[email protected] of Florida,LakeAlfred,FL(LLS) University Center, Extension and Research Citrus Nematology, and Entomology of Department USDA–ARS, U.S.HorticulturalResearchLaboratory, Ft.Pierce,FL(SLL,TJE,RPN,DGH); Lapointe SL,telinskiLL,EvensTJ,NeidzRP, andHallDG Phyllocnistis citrella(Lepidoptera:Gracillariidae) Disruption ofMatingbyPheromoneBlendstheLeafminer Designs andResponseSurfacesupportNoncompetitive Optimizing ChemicalDeception:GeometricMultivariate )-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal and(Z,Z )-7,11-hexadecadienal. Attractionofmale ecology ofEFN. chemical unexplored yet the understand to required are studies More EFN. in enzymes PR on report first the be to seems it and infection, microbial from protection the and yeasts. OurstudydemonstratesthatEFNcomponentsfunctionbothin antattraction Assays indicatedthatchitinaseindeedservestheprotectionofEFNfrom fungiand of chitinaseandβ different typesofEFN.AllthreePRenzymeswerefoundinallEFNs,with activities tion ofsymbioticornonsymbioticantsandmayallowthetodistinguish among Behavioural assaysdemonstratedthataminoacidsindeedcanaffecttheattrac- nonmyrmecophytes. vs. myrmecophytes of grouping a allowing species, the among EFN ofnonmyrmecophytes.Also,aminoacidconcentrationandcompositiondiffered and Prosopisjuliflora).MyrmecophyteEFNcontainedsignificantlymoreproteinsthan ( enzymes (chitinase,β (PR) pathogenesis-related three of activities the and content, protein composition, in attractionoffacultativemutualiststhesecondcase.We focusedonaminoacid ants. EFNthusservesinthealimentationofobligatesymbiontsfirstcaseand induce EFNsecretiononlyinresponsetoherbivorefeedingattractnonsymbiotic constitutively tonourishtheirsymbioticantinhabitants,whereasnonmyrmecophytes EFN produce myrmecophytes obligate here, studied species with ants.IntheAcacia compounds differamongEFNofplantspecieswithdifferenttypesmutualism to antattractivenessandantimicrobialdefence(2)studywhetherthese The objectivesofourstudywere1)todeterminechemicalcompoundsEFNrelated attack. pathogen for medium appropriate an it makes composition nectar because important, seems also function defencive a attraction, this for responsible mainly tion ofdefendingants.Althoughsugarsandaminoacidsseemtobethecompounds and aminoacids.Itsmainfunctionisasplantindirectdefencethroughtheattrac- Extrafloral nectar(EFN)isanaqueousplantsecretionthatmainlycontainssugars Acacia cornigeraandA.hindsii)tworelatednonmyrmecophytes(farnesiana Corresponding author:[email protected] Departamento deIngenieríaGenética,CINVESTAV-Irapuato, México(MH) (MG-T); Germany Duisburg-Essen, of University Ecology, Botany-Plant General of Department Gonzalez-T Attraction andPathogenDefence Components ofExtrafloralNectar:TheirFunctioninAnt euber MandHeil -1,3-glucanase being significantly higher in myrmecophyte EFN. EFN. myrmecophyte in higher significantly being -1,3-glucanase -1,3-glucanase andperoxidase)inEFNoftwomyrmecophytes

119 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 120 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 and highertrophiclevels. compounds involvedinecologicalinteractionsbetweenplantsandtheirherbivores conclude thatametabolomicsapproachisusefulindiscoveringunexpectedbioactive discovered usingsimultaneousanalysisoftheplantandcaterpillarmetabolomes.We defined asthe“metabolicinterface.”Theroleofthesemetabolitescouldonlybe compounds inplantsandcaterpillarswerehighlycorrelated:these maroylquinic acidswereelevatedinplantstreatedontheshoot.Thelevelsofthese using UPLCT/MS.Thestudyrevealedthatthelevelsofthreestructurallyrelatedcou- part withjasmonicacid.Boththeplantsandcaterpillarswerechemicallyanalysed herbivory, wecomparedshootandrootinductionbytreatingtheplantsoneitherplant affect thecaterpillarmetabolism.Becauseplantsmaybeinducedbyshootandroot and thesmallcabbagewhite(Pierisrapae)howpreviousattackstoplant more insight.We analyzedthe interaction betweenferalcabbage(Brassicaoleracea) unknown andthereforeunbiasedmetabolomicanalysesareavaluabletooltogain successive insectherbivores.Thechemicalnatureofinducedresponsesislargely These inducedplantresponsesalsomayaffectthemetabolismandperformanceof damage. insect by increased be may compounds defence of levels The metabolites. Insect herbivoresbynecessityhavetodealwithalargearsenalofplantdefence Corresponding author:[email protected] University ofManchester(JWA, RG);Waters Corporation(EM-E) The Biocentre, Interdisciplinary Manchester and Chemistry of School WHvdP, (JJJ, NMvD); (NIOO-KNAW) Ecology of Institute Netherlands Interactions, Multitrophic of Department Goodacre R,andvanDamNM JJ, Jansen and Herbivores Metabolomic AnalysisoftheInteractionbetweenPlants A llwood JW, llwood M arsden- E dwards dwards E , van der Putten W Putten der van , H , fine scaleandevaluatethebiologicalrolesofobserveddistribution. imaging toolsavailabletostudythedistributionofmetabolitesinplant tissuesona summary, MALDI-TOF/MS imagingisapowerfuladditiontothearsenaloflabelfree pounds suchashypericininHypericumspecies(SaintJohn’s wort)wasdetemined.In elata (Pontederiaceae),andspeciallocalizationofpharmacologicallyactive com- imaging wasalsoappliedtostudythedistributionofphenylpropanoids inMonocoria MALDI addition, In edge. the from leaves approach frequently which herbivores ing play akeyroleinthedefenseofleavesbycreatingbarriertofeedingchew- armigera larvae.Thepreferentialallocationofglucosinolatestotheperipherymay of glucosinolateswithintheleafseemstocontrolfeedingpreferenceH. of thethreemajorglucosinolatesindifferentleafregions.Hence,distribution analyses ofdissectedleaves.Inaddition,thereweredifferencesintheproportions HPLC by validated were that patterns lamina, inner the than leaf the of periphery the major glucosinolateswerefoundtobemoreabundantintissuesofthemidveinand (2), weconstructedionintensitymapsfrommassspectraat200-µmresolution.The assisted laserdesorptionionization/timeofflight(MALDI-TOF)massimagingmethod glucosinolates inA.thalianaleavesatafine,caterpillarbite-likescale.Usingmatrix- cals. Newmethoddevelopedbyus(1)isabletomeasurethespatialdistributionof are extractedandextractsanalyzedtodeterminedistributionofplantallelochemi- ability toactivateglucosinolatedefensesbyhydrolysis.Usually, leavesortheirparts to glucosinolatesbecauseitwasnotevidentinamyrosinasemutantthatlacksthe and fedalmostexclusivelyontheinnerlamina.Thisfeedingpatternwasattributed bollworm) avoidedthemidveinandperipheryofArabidopsisthalianarosetteleaves ing patternsofherbivory. ThelarvaeofgeneralistHelicoverpaarmigera(thecotton The spatialdistributionofplantdefenseswithinaleafmaybecriticalinexplain- 2. Anal.Chem.(1997)69:4751–4760. 1. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2008)105:6196–6201. to FV, andtheMaxPlanckSocietyforfinancialsupport. niques (IMPRS)forstipendstoRSandFV, theprogramAlßanofEuropeanUnionforastipend We thanktheTheExplorationofEcologicalInteractionswithMolecularandChemicalTech- and SvatošA Corresponding author:[email protected] Entomology (DH),MaxPlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology, Jena,Germany (FV, and JG) Biochemistry of Departments AS), AM, (RS, Group Research Spectrometry Mass Shroff R,V in PlantsbyUsingMALDIMassSpectrometricImaging Bite: to Leaf From ergara V S , MuckAHoelscherDGershenzonJ, patial patial D istribution istribution M apping of of apping A llelochemicals llelochemicals 121 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 122 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 1. Trends PlantSci(2005)10:269–274. pounds wereidentifiedas(Z ologically activecompoundsintheairentrainmentsampleand15ofthesecom- gas chromatography-electroantennographyrevealedthepresenceof16electrophysi- aphids wereattractedtoanairentrainmentsampleofadultV. faba plants.Coupled bioassays, olfactometer In identified. were location host in used semiochemicals to volatilecompoundsofitssummerhostfababean,Vicia,werestudied,and Behavioural andelectrophysiologicalresponsesoftheblackbeanaphid,Aphisfabae, salicylate, decanal,undecanal,(E 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, octanal,(Z seeking A.fabaearediscussed. provide hostspecificity(1).Attemptstoinvestigatethishypothesisin respecttohost- volatiles areusedinhostlocation,theratiosofdifferentcompounds areusedto compounds. Ithasbeensuggestedthatwhengeneralratherthanhost-specific tion ofhowhostrecognitioncanbeachievedintheabsencehost-specific volatile sample. NoneoftheidentifiedcompoundsarespecifictoV. faba.Thisraisestheques- by ablendofsmallnumberthosecompoundsidentifiedintheairentrainment the blenddoesnotresultinlossofattraction,suggestinghostlocationismediated Further olfactometerbioassaysshowedthatsubtractionofcertaincompoundsfrom compounds. volatile individual than rather blends by mediated is location inA.fabae a similarbehaviouralresponsetotheairentrainmentsample.Thissuggeststhathost compounds inthesamequantitiesandratioasairentrainmentsampleelicited similar responsetotheairentrainmentsample,butasyntheticblendcomposedall15 concentrations asintheairentrainmentsample,noneofcompoundseliciteda and 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene.Whentestedindividuallyatthesame Corresponding author:[email protected] Campus, Ascot,Berkshire,SL57PY, UnitedKingdom(JH,JAP) MAB); ImperialCollegeLondon,divisionofBiology, FacultyofNaturalSciences,SilwoodPark Rothamsted Research,Harpenden,Hertfordshire,AL52JQ,UnitedKingdom(BW, TJAB, Webster B,BruceTJA,BirkettMAHardieJ,andPickett V Aphididae): HostRecognitioninthebsenceofost-Specific ( Host LocationintheBlackBeanAphid,Aphisfabae olatile Compounds )-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol,(E )-caryophyllene, (E )-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, (–)-linalool, methyl methyl (–)-linalool, acetate, )-3-hexen-1-yl )-β -farnesene, (–)-germacrene D, D, (–)-germacrene -farnesene, )-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde, )-2-hexenal, H omoptera: omoptera: synthetic octylacetate,Z EAG responsewasusuallyattainedbetween100ngand10µg.Theattractivenessof Maximum sexes. both in responses dose elicited compounds tested other while males identified compounds.Benzylandhexenylacetateseliciteddoseresponseonlyin dose–response studiesindicateddifferentialsexspecificantennaesensitivityofthe compounds at6differentdoseswasevaluatedwithelectroantenography(EAG).EAG tion indicesandauthenticstandards.Theelectrophysiologicalactivityofidentified compound inzucchinipreparationwereidentifiedusingGC-MSlibraries,reten- one differentcomponentinzucchini.Eightresponsivecompoundsmelonand of bothsexesrespondedinGC-EADtoabout10componentsmelonvolatilesand intermediate. Amongmelonvolatiles,thoseofripewerepreferred.Antennae to volatilesofnonhostsstrawberryandtomato.Attractionzucchiniwas attracted tovolatilesemittedbyhost-melonfruitbutwerenotsignificantly sp.; banana,Musaandtomato,Lycopersicon esculentum L.).Bothsexeswere melon, Cucumismelovar. reticulatus)aswellnonhosts(e.g.,strawberry, Fragaria fruit volatileextractsfromdifferenthostplants(e.g.,zucchini,Cucurbitapepo;galia guided by two laboratory bioassays: behavioral and electrophysiological. We screened aimed atidentifyingfruitattractantsforD.ciliatus.Theidentificationprocesswas cucurbit crops,especiallyofmelons,cucumbers,andmarrows.Thepresentstudy The Ethiopianfruitfly, Dacusciliatus,isanoligophagous,EPPOquarantinepestof evaluated. by behavioralbioassay. Interactionsbetweenthebioactivecompoundsarecurrently Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, ARO, TheVolcani Center, BetDagan50250,Israel Soroker V (Diptera: T Host AttractantsforEthiopianFruitFly, DacusciliatusLoew Lavy E,NestelDandZadaA , AlagarmalaiJ,DragushichnshelevichL,Nemny- ephritidae) 3-octenyl acetate,andZ 3-decenyl acetatewasconfirmed

123 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 124 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 Similarly, metabolites. unlabeled and radiolabeled of levels quantify to extract leaf on tography traced throughthemetabolicmachineryusingradiohigh-performanceliquidchroma- poration ofradionitrogenintotheplant’s photorespiratorycycle.Thisisotopecanbe glycine, andof position tounderstandthecomplexityofplantdefenseresponse. metabolism duringplantinteractionwithherbivory, researcherswillbeinabetter were nowelevated.Byunravelingthetimedependenceforreconfiguration ofprimary activity at4hpost-treatmentreflectedbyincreasedfluxesof or theirinputfluxes.AfterMeJAtreatment,therewasaninitial“flush”ofmetabolic concentrations, substrate endogenous alter not did petiole the at excision leaf that ed leaf 3and4atbaselinepost-treatment,respectively. Controlstudiesdemonstrat - foliar tissueinNicotianatabacumL.(‘Samsun’).Fluxanalyseswerecarriedouton applied asinglespraytreatmentof500µMmethyljasmonate(MeJA)toaboveground timeline fordefenseinductionwithsubstratesupplysecondarymetabolism.We in combinationgivenewinsightintopossiblemetaboliccontrolpointslinkingthe of radiocarbonintodifferentinsertionpointsthesamemachinery. Thesetracers tion andExtensionService. and inpartbytheNationalResearchInitiative oftheUSDACooperativeStateResearch,Educa- Hannik; N. supporting for Bonn, (DAAD), Austauschdienst Akademischer Deutscher by Research; This researchwassupportedinpartbytheU.S.DOE,OfficeofBiologicaland Environmental metabolism. We useshort-lived radioisotopes,including the defenseresponse.Here,weexaminehowmethyljasmonatereconfiguresprimary herbivory. Specificsignalingmolecules,suchasjasmonates,arekeycomponentsof Higher plantshaveevolvedwithsophisticateddefensemechanismsinresponseto the othersubstratescontinuedtogrow. Furthermore, metabolic activityinvolvingphenylalanineandorithininesubsided,whereas fluxesof biosynthesis, andnicotineproductionwithinroots.By15hpost-treatment theflushin ing phenolicbiosynthesis,modificationofcellwallarchitecture,indole aceticacid These AAsareinvolvedinahostofdefense-relatedmetabolicprocesses, includ- sugars. Nonbiologicaldosesof 20.4 m)tomeasurechangesinthemetabolicfluxesofaminoacids(AAs)andsoluble Corresponding author:[email protected] Medical Department,Upton,NY(MS,RAF) Laboratory, National Brookhaven CO); (SG, MA Cambridge, Department, Biology University, Tufts (NH); Germany Mainz, 55099 Universität, Gutenberg Johannes Chemie, Fachbereich Hanik N,GomezSchuellerMOriansCandFerrieriRA Methyl JasmonateReconfiguresPrimaryetabolism tabacum RevealsNewInsightsintotheT Metabolic FluxAnalysisUsing13Nand11CinNicotana 11 CO 2 isadministeredtoleavesenablingrapidfixationwithincorporation 11 C substrates phenylalanine, tryptophan, orthinine and isoleucine. isoleucine. and orthinine tryptophan, phenylalanine, substrates C 13 NH 3 areadministeredtoleaves,enablingrapidincor imeline bywhich 11 C fluxesofprolineandarginine 13 N (t 13 1/2 N substrates,serine, 10m)and 11 C (t 1/2

- amount ofleafareaconsumedbyinsects. report anovelautomatedphenotypingsystemwedevelopedtorapidlydeterminethe glucosinolates in,Arabidopsismutantsdeficientinchitin-responsivegenes. We also defenses againstinsectsbydeterminingcaterpillarpreferencefor, andinductionof ence ofchitinininsectexoskeleton.We evaluatedtheimportanceofchitintoplant plant signalinginresponsetofungiandinsects(2)maybeexplainedbythepres- Chitin isapotentelicitorofdefensegenesandchemistryinplants(1).Similarities Plant Physiol.(2008)146:839–844. Mol. PlantMicrobeInteract.(2007)20:900–911. Corresponding author:[email protected] of Missouri,Columbia,MO University The CS), (HD, Institute Bioinformatics and JCS) JW, GS, (HA, Center Sciences Life I Appel H,Wan J,DayangH, Stacey G,hyuC,andchultzJC s Chitin a Key Key a Chitin s S ignal in Plant Plant in ignal R esponses to to esponses I nsects? nsects? 125 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 126 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 reducing ovipositionbyP. rapaeandperhapsothercrucifer-specialist insects. more sensitivetogeneralistherbivores,maybeacounteradaptivemechanismfor of nitrilesviaepithiospecifierproteinincruciferousplants,whichmakestheplants reduced ovipositionbyadultfemalesonlarvae-infestedplants.Therefore,production rather thanisothiocyanates.ThepresenceofIANinlarvalregurgitantcontributesto IAN, including nitriles, toxic less toward breakdown glucosinolate redirect to enzyme by indole-3-acetonitrile(IAN).P. rapaelarvaetolerateacruciferousdietbyusinggut mutants showedthatovipositionwasincreasedbyindole-3-carbinolanddecreased application ofindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolatebreakdownproductstocyp79B2cyp79B3 toward nitrileformation,arelessattractivetoovipositingP. rapaefemales.Exogenous plants overexpressingepithiospecifierprotein,whichshiftsglucosinolatebreakdown showing thatindoleglucosinolatesareanimportantovipositioncue.Transgenic cyp79B3 mutantsreceivedfewereggsthanwildtype,confirmingpriorresearch compounds inaffectingP. rapaeoviposition.Lowindoleglucosinolatecyp79B2 late-related mutantsprovideauniqueresourceforstudyingtheinvivoroleofthese lates asasignalforovipositionandlarvalfeeding.Arabidopsisthalianaglucosino- Like manycrucifer-specialist herbivores,Pierisrapaeusesthepresenceofglucosino- Corresponding author:[email protected] Boyce ThompsonInstituteforPlantResearch,Ithaca,NewYork 14853 De V Deters OvipositionbyPierisrapae Indole-3-Acetonitrile ProductionfromndoleGlucosinolates os M,KriksunovKL,andJanderG

the Na by thinlayerchromatography. To investigatethetissuedistributionoftargetsite, quantification. Additionally, cardenolideprofilesoflarvalhemolympharedetermined obtained bythisapproacharecomparedwithanestablishedmethodofcardenolide get reliableestimatesoftheactualcardenolideexpositionininsect’s tissue.Data can determinethecardenolidecontentinhemolymphofsequesteringspeciesto highly sensitivesodiumpumps.Usinganewlydevelopedenzymologicalassaywe the cardenolidesequesteringEmpyreumapugione(Lepidoptera,Arctiidae)possess ouabain sensitivity. We foundthatDaphnisnerii(Lepidoptera,Sphingidae)aswell Physiological investigationsoftheirsodiumpumpenableustodirectlymeasure plants. cardenolide on feeding Lepidoptera in phenomenon common a is insensitivity able cardenolide).Inourrecentapproach,wesetouttotestwhetherthistargetsite that havebeenshowntoalterthebindingcapacityofouabain(acommerciallyavail- assays orbyanalyzingthegenesequenceandscreeningforaminoacidsubstitutions enzymological by provided either is sensitivity altered enzymes’ the for Evidence ity). and sequester. an attractivehypothesishowthesespeciestoleratethecardenolides that theyingest The correlationofthesedatatotheobservedinsensitivityenzyme leadusto sides) arehighlyspecificinhibitorsfortheNa because thesecompoundsarehighlytoxictoanimals.Cardenolides(cardiacglyco- Insect toleranceforcardenolidecontainingplantshasstimulatedmanystudies possess Na some othermodelorganisms.Inseveralofthesespecies,itcouldbeshownthatthey and cardenolideshasfocussedonthemonarchbutterfly(Danausplexippus) ubiquitous enzymethroughouttheanimalkingdom.Mostofresearchoninsects Corresponding author:[email protected] King Platz3,20146Hamburg,Germany Biocenter Grindel,DepartmentofMolecularEvolution,UniversityHamburg,Martin-Luther- Petschenka GandDoblerS an OldChallenge Cardenolide T + K + -ATPase, weuseimmunohistochemicalandmolecular biologicalmethods. + K + -ATPases, whichareinsensitivetocardenolides(targetsiteinsensitiv- olerance inExposedInsects—NewApproachesto + K + -ATPase (sodiumpump),whichisa 127 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 128 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 quantity ofisothiocyanatespresentinpotentialhosts. whether glutathioneS Future investigationswillexplorethecostsofthisdetoxificationabilityanddetermine genes. corresponding the identifying for approach molecular a is as progress, in is responsible forisothiocyanatedetoxificationbytwo-dimensionalproteinseparation glutathione S variety ofisothiocyanatestructures.Theconjugationwasshowntobecatalysedby the foodplant.Thecaterpillarsareabletoformglutathioneconjugatesfromalarge of glucosinolate-derivedisothiocyanateswheneverareformedin on differentBrassicaceae,revealedthatthisspeciesformsglutathioneconjugates Analysis ofthefaecesgeneralistlarvaeSpodopteralittoralis,whichhadfed Brassicales. the of plants on feed occasionally also that lepidopterans generalist formation ofisothiocyanates.Yet, nosuchadaptationalmechanismsareknownfor ceous plantshavebeenshowntopossessbiochemicaladaptationspreventingthe generated upontissuedamage.Lepidopteranherbivoresspecialisedonbrassica- order Brassicaleshavebeenattributedtotheformationoftoxicisothiocyanates The defensivepropertiesoftheglucosinolate-myrosinasesysteminplants Corresponding author:[email protected] Pharmazeutische Biologie,TUBraunschweig,Germany(UW) fuer Institut JG); (KS, Germany Jena, Ecology, Chemical for MPI Biochemistry, of Department Schramm K,GershenzonJ,andWittstockU Insect Spodopteralittoralis Detoxification ofIsothiocyanatesintheGeneralistLepidopteran -transferases inthelarvalgut.Theidentificationofspecificenzymes -transferase activityissufficienttocopewiththerangeand contains sugar-mimic alkaloidssuchas1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino- both amongandwithinspecies.Forexample,latexofmulberrytrees(Morusspp.) toxicity andplaydefensiveroles,wefoundthattheingredientsoflatexesarediverse show often latexes the and saps milky as similar are species Moraceae from latexes of latex-exuding plantssuchasmulberrytrees,andfigtrees.Althoughtheappearances remain unstudiedinmostlatex-exudingplants.Moraceaeincludes>1,000speciesof insect herbivoryisprevalent,buttheecologicalrolesoflatexandtheirmaterialbases cies (ca.12,000-35,000).Thehypothesisthattheroleofplantlatexisdefenseagainst Plant latex,awhitesapexudedfromdamagedleafveins,iswidelyfoundinplantspe- 3. PlantJ.37:370–378. 2. InsectBiochem.Mol. Biol.37:1341–1351. 1. Proc.Natl.Acad. Sci. USA103:1337–1341. from longstandinghostilerelationships betweenplantsandherbivores. chemicals) inlatexeventhesame family, genus andspecies,whichmayhavearisen a defenseprotein.Ourresultsshow thediversitiesofdefensiveingredients(proteinsor that thetoxiccomponentislikelyto bealowmolecularweightcompoundratherthan major toxiccomponentofF. septicalatexissolubleandstableinchloroform suggesting bitter andhighlytoxictoinsectwhenaddedartificialdietin2%concentration. The In contrast,F. septicaexudesmallamountofpaleyellowstickylatex,whichisstrongly sticky latex,whichistastelessandlesstoxictoinsectwhenaddedartificial diets. these threespeciesdiffersconsiderably. F. variegataexudeslargeamountofwhite suggesting thatlatexstillplaysdefensiverolesinthesespecies.However, latexof defense activityofF. septica,F. variegataandF. erecta(mostapparentlyinF. variegata), and F. erecta.Inspiteofabsenceproteaseactivity, removaloflatexdecreasedthe crocarpa, andnodetectableproteaseactivitywasobservedinF. septica,F. variegata, defense. However, muchweakerproteaseactivity wasdetectedfromlatexofF. mo- F. ampelasexudelatexrichincysteineproteaseandisresponsible for and issubstantialindefenseofF. virgata(3).AmongotherwildfigspeciesinOkinawa, in cysteineproteasecalledficin.Ourstudyshowedficinistoxictolepidopteran larvae and a wild fig, group ofMoraceae(>800species).Ficusspeciessuchasthecommonfig,carica, activity andchitinaseactivity, whichmayhavedefensiveroles.Ficusisaverylarge (0.01% towetdiet).MulberrylatexfurthercontainsstrongGal/GalNAcbindinglectin and chitin-bindingmoieties,whichshowstoxicitytoinsectinverylowconcentrations Bombyx mori)(2).Also,mulberrylatexcontainsauniquedefenseproteinwithextensin the midguttissueandtrehalaseinvarioustissues(butnotthoseofmulberryspecialist latex) (1),whichinhibitthesugar-metabolizing enzymesofinsectssuchassucrasein 1-deoxy nojirimycin(DNJ)inhighconcentrations(1.5-2.5%towetlatex,8-18%dry Corresponding author:[email protected] National FoodResearchInstitute,Tsukuba, Ibaraki,Japan(HO) KT, NW, CH, MN); (KK, Japan Tsukuba,Ibaraki, Sciences, Agrobiological of Institute National and OnoH Konno K,Wasano N,HirayamaC, T against HerbivorousInsects M Interspecific andntraspecificDiversityofLatexngredientsin oraceae Plants: Chemicals and Proteins with with Proteins and Chemicals Plants: oraceae Fucus virgata, one of ca. 10 wild figs in Okinawa, Japan, exude latex rich ateishi K,NakamuraM, D D -arabinitol ( efensive efensive D R -AB1), oles oles 129 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 3 130 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 15.50–17.20 MarthaWeiss, GeorgetownUniversity National CenterforAgriculturalUtilization Research Insect Defenseand Room 11,LifeSciencesBuilding Prey Location 15.00–15.30 Allard.Cossé, M oderators: oderators:

PARALLEL SESSION 4 TUESDAY, 19 AUGUST 131 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 132 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 PG secretionsofChrysopanigricornisandC.incompleta. tridence andN Plesiochrysa ramburiischaracterizedbythepresenceof4-undeceneinstead(Z also isidentifiedforthefirsttimefromgenusCeraeochrysa.ThePGsecretionin or absenceofN cene wereshowntobeinerror. ChrysopaPGsecretionsaremarkedbythepresence earlier reportsintheliteraturethatCo.oculataandnigricornisproduce1-tride- ubiquitous; is (Z)-4-tridecene and spp., species withinagenus,exceptforChrysopa Plesiochrysa ramburiandMalladaspp.(Australia).PGsecretionsarecharacteristicfor Co. septempunctata(China);Chrysoperla(=Cl.)rufilabris(USA)andsp.(Brazil); Chrysopa (=Co.)oculata,nigricornisincompletaquadripunctata(USA)and (Brazil); from NorthandSouthAmerica,Australia,China:Ceraeochrysacubana secretions (allomones).We analyzed PGextractsofthefollowinglacewingspecies Adult chrysopidspossesspairedprothoracicglands(PG)thoughttoproducedefensive Corresponding author:[email protected] Meiers Rd.,Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068,Australia(SLW) 80 Collection, Entomology Fisheries, & Industries Primary of Department (Q-HZ); 99216-16130 ife, PE,Brasil(JT);SterlingInternational,Inc.,3808N.SullivanRd.,Bldg.16BV, Spokane,WA Federal RuraldePernambuco,Av. DomManoeldeMedeiros,s/n-Dois Irmãos52171-900Rec- Universidade DEPA-Entomologia, KC); (JRA, 20705 MD Beltsville, BARC-West, rm301, 007, USDA–ARS InvasiveInsectBiocontrol&BehaviorLaboratory, 10300BaltimoreAve., Bldg. Aldrich JR,ChauhanK,T (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Semiochemical InvestigationsofLacewings -(3-methylbutyl)propanamide insteadoftheacetamide,resembling -(3-methylbutyl)acetamide plusskatole(3-methylindole).Skatole orres J,ZhangQ-H,andWintertonSL )-4- attractive tothepredator. found thatgroupscomprisingindividualsrearedinisolationweresignificantly less tion ofapredatoryhoverflytogroupsaphidsrearedinisolationor acolonyand the potentialecologicaleffectsofreducedEβ ment andregulatetheirproductionofalarmpheromoneaccordingly. Finally, toexplore conspecifics, suggestingthataphidsusevolatilecuestoassesstheir social environ- Under theseconditions,Eβ conspecifics. of odor the to them exposed and isolation in individuals reared A.pisum although thisdifferencewasnotstatisticallysignificant.Inasecondexperiment,we also producedlessEβ or inacolonymadeupofconspecificsanotheraphidclone.A.pisumindividuals colony, lower thanthatofaphidsrearedinacolonyconspecifics,anM.persicae crushed aphids.ProductionofEβ graph-flame ionizationdetectorquantificationofEβ (Sulzer). LevelsofEβ among conspecificsorindividualsofadifferentaphidspecies,Myzuspersicae als rearedfromfirstinstarstotheadultstageinisolationthatofindividuals sibility, wecomparedtheproductionofEβ E likely entailscostsfortheemittingaphid,itcouldbeadaptiveaphidstoregulate confers apparentfitnessbenefitsonrecipients,buttheproductionandreleaseofEβ the ecologicalcostofincreasingapparencytopredators.Becausealarmsignaling suggesting thattheadaptivebenefitsofsignalingviaEβ disperse. However, Eβ nearby aphidsthatreceivethesignaltoceasefeeding,dropfromtheirhostplant,and species—is releasedinresponsetopredationandotherstressestypicallycauses Aphid alarmpheromone—thevolatilesesquiterpene(E β Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA (MCM,CMDM) University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department (FJV, EH); Belgium Gembloux, University, Agricultural Gembloux Entomology, Evolutionary and Functional of Department V in ResponsetoTheirSocialEnvironment Production ofAlarmPheromonebyDevelopingphidsV f productioninresponsetovariationthesocialenvironment.To explorethispos- erheggen FJ,MescherC,HaubrugeE,andDeoraesC F producedineachtreatmentwereassayedbygaschromato- than among conspecifics, conspecifics, among than F whenrearedamongM.persicae f also serves as a foraging cue for a syrphid predator of aphids, aphids, of predator syrphid a for cue foraging a as serves also f F productionwassimilartothatofaphidsrearedamong F byA.pisumrearedinisolationwassignificantly f byAcyrthosiphonpisum(Harris)individu- F production,weexaminedtheattrac- F in volatiles collected from from collected volatiles in F )-β f mustbeweighedagainst -farnesene (Eβ aries f) inmost f

133 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 134 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 the mostactivecompoundscannotbecuticularhydrocarbons. responses similartothoseinducedbythecrudeextractofN.viridula females.Thus, partial responsesfromfemalewasps,withoneofthemorepolarfractions eliciting a hexane-isopropanolgradient.Inbothfractionations,severalfractions elicited second fractionationwascarriedoutbynormalphaseHPLConsilica, elutingwith A animals. tracking andmotionanalysissystem,byusingfemaleT.test as basalis of theresultingfractionswastestedinopenarenabioassayscoupled withavideo tionated onasilicagelsolidphaseextractioncartridge,andthebiological activity several methods.SolventextractsofdissectedbodypartsN.viridulawerefrac- cues thatinducearrestmentoffemalewasps,crudeextractswerefractionatedby layer, mustbeimportantinelicitationoffullresponse.To bettercharacterizethe of N.viridula,suchasbranchedhydrocarbonsormorepolarcomponentsthewax arrestment responsesbyT. basalisfemales.Thus,othercomponentsofthewaxlayer straight-chain hydrocarbonsextractedfromfemaleN.viridulainducedonlyweak wasps contacthexaneextractsofmalehosts.However, areconstructedblendofthe host-searching responsesbyT. basalisfemales,similartowhatoccurswhenfemale plates. Thisalkane,whenaddedtocrudeextractsofN.viridulafemales,reduced solid-phase microextractionofresiduesleftbyN.viridulamaleswalkingonglass alkane n-nonadecane(nC19)wasrecoveredonlyfromextractsofmalesand alkanes withquantitativeandqualitativedifferencesbetweenthesexes.Thelinear involved. ChemicalanalysisofextractsN.viridulacuticularlipidsrevealedlinear the host’s footprintsarehexanesoluble,suggestingthatcuticularlipidsmightbe between footprintsleftbyadultfemaleormaleN.viridula.Thechemicalcuesin behavior inandaroundthecontaminatedpatches.Femalewaspsdiscriminate contaminated byadultfootprintsoftheirhostNezaraviridulainitiatesearching area an touched have Females oftheeggparasitoidTrissolcusthat basalis Corresponding author:[email protected] CA 92521(DLG,JSM,JGM) Palermo, Italy(DLG,EP, SC);DepartmentofEntomology, UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside, di Zoology-Università and Entomology Acarology, of S.En.Fi.Mi.Zo.-Section of Department Lo GiudiceD,McelfreshJSillarPeriEandColazza Trissolcus basalis Nezara viridulaThatInduceArrestmentintheEggParasitoid Chemical CharacterizationoftheFootprintsLeftbyAdult does nothaveacost. stance byaspecialistherbivoreused asantipredatordefenseandsexualpheromone in theothertreatments.We showthatsequestrationofasecondary metabolismsub- time, theselarvaeresultedinpupaeandadultswiththesameweight as thelarvae PA concentration,larvalgrowthwasreduced,butduetoanincreaseddevelopmental tion onthedietdoesnotrepresentacostforspecialistU.ornatrix . Atthehighest show thatPAs aretoxictoanonadaptedherbivore,andthatevenhighPA concentra- two highestPA concentrations,andthismothdidnotsequesteredPAs. Ourresults that isnotadaptedtousePA. SurvivalofH.virescenswasstronglyreducedatthe the diet.Asacontrol,weusedlarvaeofgeneralistHeliothisvirescens , aninsect The amountofPAs sequesteredgreatlyincreasedwithincreasingPA concentrationon pupate. Incontrast,pupalandadultweightswerenotaffectedbyPA concentration. diets withlessPAs. LarvaeeatingthehighestPA concentrationalso tooklongerto eating thedietwithhighestPA concentrationweresmallerthanthelarvaeeating not affectedbythePA concentration.Threeweeksafterhatching,U.ornatrixlarvae adults bycolorimetricmethod.U.ornatrixlarvalsurvivalanddietconsumptionwere to pupation.ThetotalamountofPAs sequesteredwasmeasuredonrecentlyemerged 0.0048, 0.024,0.12,and2.4.LarvaewerefedoneachPA concentrationfromhatching host plantofU.ornatrix.Fivetreatmentswereused:0%dryweightPAs added, to anartificialdiet.These PAs arethesametypefoundonCrotalariapallida,main intergerrimine, retrorsine,andsenecioninefromSeneciospeciesaddedthePAs PAs haveanynegativeeffectonU.ornatrixperformance.We extractedamixture of artificial dietwithdifferentconcentrationsofpure PAs added,wetestedwhether have addressedthecostsassociatedwithsequestration.Byfeedinglarvaean efits ofsequestrationhavebeenwellestablishedinseveralsystems,veryfewstudies toxic freebasePAs intonontoxicN sequester PAs possessamonooxygenaseenzymeinthehemolymphthatoxidizepro- from thehostplantandusethemasacourtshippheromone.Arctiidmothsadaptedto as protectionagainstdifferentpredators.U.ornatrixmalesalsomodifyPAs acquired alkaloids (PAs) sequesteredfromCrotalaria(Fabaceae:Papilionoideae)hostplants their ownnaturalenemies.Utetheisaornatrix(Lepidoptera:Arctiidae)usestheplant toxic substancesfromtheirhostplantsandusethemasdefensiveagainst ple, severalaposematicbutterflyanddiurnalmothspeciessequesterunpalatableor Many specialistherbivorescanovercomeplantchemicalresistancetraits.Forexam- Corresponding author:[email protected] Brazil (JRT) Campinas, Campinas, de Estadual Universidade Biologia, de Instituto Zoologia, de partamento Department ofEcologyandEvolution,StonyBrookUniversity, StonyBrook,NY(RC,DJF);De- Cogni R,T in anArctiidMoth(Utetheisaornatrix) A FreeMeal:NoCostsforcquiringDefensivePlantlkaloids rigo JR,andFutuymaD -oxides. Eventhoughthephysiologyandben- 135 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 136 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 considered asalternativesinthebiologicalcontrolofP. oleae . negative response.Theresultsofthisresearcharediscussedinview that theymaybe male olivemoths.Inallothercrudeextracts,parasitoidsshowedneither positiveor spend significantlylongertimeinthearmtreatedwithmethanol crude extractof with thesyntheticsexpheromoneZ7-14:Ald.FemalesofT. cacoeciaewerefoundto cacoeciae. Thisspecieswaschosenasithighlyresponsiveduringthebioassays polarity, andthese crudeextractswerethenusedinolfactometerbioassayswithT. females) as well as fully grown larvae were extracted using three solvents of different and controlwasnotsignificantlydifferent.Adultsoftheolivemoth(either malesor in thepheromonetreatedarm,ordifferencetimespentbetween pheromone pheromone bytheparasitoidsinanycase.Femaleeitherspent longertime the concentrationsexamined.Therewasnonegativeresponseobserved towardthe and 100µg/10µl.T. oleaefemales(strainIO24)didnotrespondtothepheromoneat arm atconcentrations10and100µg/10µl,whereasthoseofT. bourarachaeat1 centration. T. oleaefemales(strainIO47)spentlongertimeinthepheromonetreated oleae (IO47)andforT. bourarachae,buttheirresponsevariedwithpheromonecon- µg/10 µl).PositiveresponsetowardthepheromonewasobservedforonestrainofT. longer timewalkinginthepheromonetreatedarmatallbutoneconcentration(1 pheromone oftheolivemoth,parasitoidfemalesT. cacoeciaespentsignificantly dose wereindividuallytestedfora5-minperiod.Whenexposedtothesyntheticsex at –20°Cuntilbioassay. Morethan40parasitoidsofeachstrainandpheromone doses ofthepheromone(0.01,0.1,1,10,and100µg/10µl)waspreparedstored Quimicos (SEDQ,Barcelona,Spain),andaseriesofsolutionsinhexanewithdifferent of theolivemoth,Z7-14:Ald,wasobtainedfromSociedadEspañoladeDesarrollos factometer wasused(3cmID,10-cmstem,8-cmarms).Thesyntheticsexpheromone originated fromparasitizedolivemotheggsinTunisian olivegroves.AY-tube glassol- Yponomeutidae) wasstudiedinolfactometerbioassays.Allthespeciestested (Lepidoptera, (Bern) to thesyntheticsexpheromoneoftheirhostPraysoleae Voegelé &Pointel,T. cacoeciaeMarshall,andT. bourarachaePintureau&Babault) The responseoffourTrichogramma eggparasitoidstrains(twoofT. oleae Corresponding author:[email protected] Laboratory, InstituteofBiology, NCSR“Demokritos,”Greece(KMA) Products Natural and Ecology Chemical KDC); MA, (MPG, Greece Attikis, Kifissia, Institute, Phytopathological Benaki Entomology, of Department Control, Biological of Laboratory Mylonas PG,artinouAKontodimasDC,andKonstantopoulouMA Prays oleae(Bern) Synthetic exPheromone(Z Response ofTrichogramma EggParasitoidstowardthe )-7- T etradecenal, of the Olive Olive the of etradecenal, M oth, oth,

3. Reeveetal.(2008)EcolEntomol(submitted) 2. EnvironEntomol(1991)20:401–409. 1. Science(1990)250:1251–1253. toward preypheromonesafteranolfactoryexperience. knowledge thefirstevidencethatabark-beetlepredatorcanmodify its response implications ofsuchlearningmechanisminthissystem.Ourstudyconstitutes toour but itwasnotsignificantlyhighercomparedwithacontrol. We discusspossible predators, trained for stronger slightly was frontalin toward Response group. control exposure producedamoderateincreasethatwasnotsignificantlydifferent fromthe flights fornaïveindividualsto63%thoseconditioned.Interestingly, simple conditioning associatedwithareward.Thepreferencerosefrom16% ofupwind ipsenol showedadramaticincreaseofattractivenessafterhavingexperienced two to measureitspreferencetowardthesource.Naïvepredatorsthatwere trainedto or associatedwithareward.ThepercentageofT. dubiusflyingupwindwasused tested twomajorpreypheromones,frontalinandipsenol,thatwerepresented alone learn preypheromoneswasthenexaminedinasecondwindtunnelexperiment.We confirming apotentialforswitchinginthefield(3).Whetherthispredatorcould response, their in flexibility large a display can predators these that showed Results using frontalin,ipsenol,ipsdienol,andotherpreypheromones/semiochemicals. tunnel wind a using observed were behaviors Anemotactic individuals. of number dubius inawindtunnelthatpermitstotestwiderrangeofkairomonesonlarger investigate atwhichextentthisbehaviorcanoccur, wemeasuredresponsesofT. mones (ipsenol,ipsdienol,andfrontalin).To confirmthesefieldobservationsand to predators candisplayasubstantialflexibilityintheirresponsetothreepreyphero- adult stage.Previousfieldexperimentsusingmarkrecapturesuggestedthatthese its unpredictablydistributedresourcesinbothspaceandtime(2),long-lived diet, broad its of because environment its from cues learn to candidate good a be can attackseveralIpsspeciesandatleastoneDendroctonussp.Thispredatorcould ators thatoccurthroughoutNorthAmerica,Thanasimusdubiusisageneralist could promotelearningofcuesassociatedwithpreyitems.Amongbarkbeetlepred- attacks barkbeetlesinpineforests.Thissystempresentsinterestingfeaturesthat this researchremainslargelyunexploredinasysteminvolvingpredatorthat Surprisingly, (1). host a of presence the with volatiles herbivore-induced and mones Learning hasbeenwidelystudiedinparasiticwaspsthatcanassociatehostphero- Corresponding author:[email protected] University, Carbondale,IL Laboratory ofInsectEcology, Department ofZoology, CenterforEcology, SouthernIllinois Costa AandReeveJD to aPreyPheromone,Ipsenol,inCleridPredator V How aGeneralistPredatorofBarkBeetlesCanDealwith ariety ofPreySignals:OlfactoryExperienceModifiesResponses 137 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 138 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 differentiation ofpreyspeciesbysphecidwasps. results providethefirstevidencethatcuticularcuesareinvolvedinrecognitionand the waspsspentsignificantlymoretimeantennating2Dextract-coatedballs.These controls, hexane or spiders, 3D spiders, 2D of extracts cuticular with treated balls prey recognition.Furthermore,whenweofferedindividualwaspsachoiceofpaper hexane-washed 2Dspiders,suggestingthatacuticularchemicalcueisnecessaryfor hydrocarbon profilesbetween2Dand3Dspiders. We foundthatwaspsrejected species bygaschromatography/massspectrometryrevealeddistinctdifferencesin 3D three and 2D three of extracts cuticular of Analysis cues. chemotactile involves and chemicalresiduesfrom2Dthan3Dspiders,suggestingthatpreyrecognition took 3Dspiders.Furthermore,waspsspentmoretimeonfilterpaperscontainingsilk offered achoiceoffreshlykilled2Dand3Dspiderswithouttheirwebs,waspsrarely that initiallyseemedtosupporttheimportanceofwebarchitecture.However, when on theirrespectivewebs,waspstooksignificantlymore2Dthan3Dspiders,aresult sclopetarius (Araneidae,2D)andParasteatodatepidariorum(Theridiidae,3D)spiders When weofferedSceliphroncaementarium(Sphecidae)waspsachoiceofLarinioides counterparts. (2D) two-dimensional their than barriers physical effective more provide behavior againstwasppredation,withthree-dimensional(3D)websthoughtto dauber wasps.Spiders’webarchitecturehasbeenconsideredtobeadefensive Although spidersarepredators,theythemselvesheavilypreyeduponbymud- Corresponding author:[email protected] Entomology, TheOhioStateUniversity, Wooster, OH(LP) Department ofBiology, GeorgetownUniversity, Washington DC(DU,MW);Departmentof Uma D,PhelanL,andWeiss M by Mud-DauberWasps Spiders’ CuticularHydrocarbonsMediatePreyRecognition role ofhydrocarbonsinfireantnestmaterecognition. of treatmenthydrocarbonsonthecuticleworkers,whichweusedtoevaluate colony. We thendescribeanewmethodforputtingphysiologicallyrelevantamounts recognition cuesandastoolsformonitoringmovementofcuticularhydrocarbonsina review oftheusefireantcuticularhydrocarbonsasmodelsforheritablenestmate ants alsocandifferentiatecoloniesbasedoncuticularhydrocarbons.We presenta terns candifferentiateonecolonyfromanother;however, itisnotclearwhetherthe direct cuticularhydrocarboninvolvement.Multivariateanalysesofpat- data linkingnestmaterecognitionandcuticularhydrocarbons,butlittleevidenceof non-nestmate intruder, thenaggressionoccurs.Thereisalargebodyofcorrelative detected onthecuticleofanintruder. Ifthecuesandtemplatedonotmatch,e.g.,a by matchinganexperiencebasedneuraltemplateoftheircolonyodorwiththecues colony memberscandiscriminatebetweennestmatesandconspecificnon-nestmates species, colony integrity. Colony integrity is expressed as nestmate recognition, where Social insectsusecomplexpheromonesystemstomaintainsociality, and,inmostant Corresponding author:[email protected] The UniversityofMississippi,Abbeville,MS(JAA) Resources, Water and Wetland for Center MYC); (RKVM, FL Gainesville, USDA–ARS–CMAVE, V and NestmateRecognitionCues? Fire AntCuticularHydrocarbons:ResearchT ander MeerRK,ChoiMY , andAndersonJ ool 139 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 140 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 3. Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.(1995)88:485–495. 2. Water RelationsofTerrestrial Arthropods(1994)AcademicPress,SanDiego,CA. 1. Am.Zool.(1998)38:471–482. shifts inthreetemperatureregimes,andwepresentourresults. the HCcompositionsofrecentlycollectedredimportedfireantcoloniessubjectedto be fasterandmorehomeostaticthaninotherinsects.We testedthisbycomparing function, wepredictedthatthecompositionalresponsetoambienttemperaturemight organ,” necessarilypassedaroundandblendedtogetherfornestmaterecognitionto In ants,wherethehydrocarbonshavebeenfoundtofunctionasacolony“gestalt loss. water preventing in function of loss with coincides mixture the of point melting a factordeterminingthecompositionofhydrocarbonsinsomeinsects,because mate recognitionsystemsofants.Gibbsetal.(1)suggestedthattemperaturemaybe pheromones inbeetles.Theyhavelongbeenimplicatedascuesthecomplexnest- adaptive characteristics,suchasrecognitioncuesinmanyhymenopteransandmating function primarilytopreventwaterlossthroughthecuticle,buttheymayhaveother (HCs) hydrocarbons Cuticular loss. water of hazard the increasing animals, larger in Because ofscaling,insectsurfaceareaismuchlargerinproportiontovolumethan Corresponding author:[email protected] The UniversityofMississippiCenterforWater andWetland Resources,Abbeville,MS Anderson JandMarquess Changes inAmbientT Changes inCuticularHydrocarbonCompositionRelationto emperature intheRedImportedFireAnt 3. Horm.BrainBehav. (2002)2:375–435. 2. Limetal.(thisconference). 1. Behaviour(inpress). Minnesota EnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesTrust Fund. controlled withspecies-specificpheromonalattractants.Thisworkwas fundedbythe as speciesisahighlydamaginginvasiveacrossNorthAmerica andmightbe nonpolar components.Ongoingworkisfocusedonidentifyingthecarp pheromone novel, two least at has pheromone aggregation carp the that suggests now odor but foundnottobespeciesspecificorattractive.HPLCfractionation of thecarpbody fishes, wereidentifiedinbothgoldfishandcarpholdingwater tested onjuveniles Bile acids,strongolfactorystimulantslongsuspectedofhavepheromonalfunctionin other’s actions. each synergize that components polar and nonpolar have cues goldfish attractant. ChemicalcharacterizationusingC18resinfoundthatboththecarpand potent evenwhendiluted>10times,seeminglyconfirmingaroleaslong-distance mediated bythesenseofsmell,whereasdilutiontestsfoundgoldfishbodyodortobe using anosmicgoldfishdemonstratedthatresponsestotheattractionpheromoneare sexually receptivematurefemales,whichareonlyattractedtomales(3).Tests social attractionamongstalllifestagesofgoldfish,withthepossibleexception this pheromonefunctionsindependentlyoftheendocrinesystem(2)andmediates likely, state; maturational fish of irrespective conspecifics, of odor the to attracted all behavioural mazes.We discovered thatjuvenile,immature,andmaturegoldfishare status onpheromoneproductionandperceptioninthegoldfishusingtwo-choice maturational of effect the tested experiments Initial system. pheromone this of plexity tional pheromones.We explored thefunctionandorigin,potency, andchemicalcom- species-specific manner(1).Likely, thebodyodorsofthesespeciesserveasaggrega- relative thathybridizeswithcarp)areattractedtoconspecificbodywashingsin a tory discoveredthatbothimmaturecarpandgoldfish(Carassiusauratus,aclose relies heavilyonodorouscuestofindfoodandmates.Previousstudiesinourlabora- The commoncarp(Cyprinuscarpio)isacyprinidfishthatthrivesinturbidwaterand Corresponding author:[email protected] Folwell Avenue, SaintPaul,MN55108 1980 Minnesota, of University Biology, Conservation and Wildlife Fisheries, of Department Pheromones inT Function andComplexityofSpecies-pecificAggregation Levesque HandSorensenPW and CommonCarp wo SpeciesofRelatedFish,theGoldfish 141 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 142 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 3. Can.J.Physiol.Pharmacol.81:329–341. 2. Thisconference. 1. Behaviour(inpress). and NaturalResourcesTrust Fund. Environmental Minnesota the and (Australia) Centre Research Cooperative Animals ing invasivefishinNorthAmericanwaters.Thusworkwasfundedby theInvasive The pheromonehaspromiseforcontrollingthecommoncarp,anextremely damag- field. the in them test to and components these identify to seek studies Ongoing exist. female carp,althoughnotasactivelywholemaleodor;othercomponents must goldfish, alsoseemstoplayaroleinthecarppheromonebecauseit attracts receptive Nanomolar concentrationofandrostenedione,amalehormonalpheromone inthe active. are cues sensory additional which in groups spawning in recognition gender are modestlyresponsivetotheodorsofmaleheterospecifics,suggestingitmediates Furthermore, althoughthemalepheromoneseemstobespecies-specific,females orientation. short-range for used be to likely is pheromone male the that indicated tive toreceptivefemales.Experimentsusingdifferentconcentrationsofmaleodor suggesting thatcompound(s)releasedonlybymaturemalesbecomeuniquelyattrac- by prostaglandinF2α aggregation pheromone.However, sexuallyreceptivefemales(aconditioninduced less oftheirreproductivestate,likelyreflectingperceptionaspecies-specific mature butnonreceptivefemalesareattractedtotheodorsofconspecificsregard- regulated byhormonalcondition.Experimentsusingatwo-choicemazefoundthat nonpolar sexsteroids,sensitivitytowhichmightbegatedbyfemalereceptivityand specifically recognizematuremalesbyusingamale-derivedpheromonecomposedof variety ofhormonally-derivedstimuli(3,ongoing).We testedwhetherfemalecarp individuals atallstagesofmaturity(1,2)andthatmalesdiscernfemalesbyusinga species-recognition ismediatedbyacomplexspecies-specificaromareleased because eggviabilityisshort-lived.Previousstudiesofthisspecieshaveshownthat for femalecarpthatmayonlyspawnonceayearandmustlocatemalesquickly carpio, whichthrivesinturbidwater, needstobepreciselyregulated,especially Gender recognitioninexternallyfertilizingfishessuchasthecommoncarp,Cyprinus Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofFisheries,Wildlife&ConservationBiology, UniversityofMinnesota,St.Paul,MN Lim H,LevesqueandSorensenPW and SexualReceptivity Carp (Cyprinuscarpio) S ensitivity to an an to ensitivity hormoneinjection)areonlyattractedtomaturemaleodor, A ttractive ttractive I s s T ightly Correlated with with Correlated ightly M ale ale S ex Pheromone in the Common Common the in Pheromone ex E ndocrine ndocrine S tate tate and inhibitingaggressionincompetitormales. osterol (2),mayactasapheromonalsignalofdominanceinfluencingfemale spawning One urinaryodorant,whichhasbeententativelyidentifiedasa610-Da sulfatedamin- interactions. male–female and male–male in both communication chemical for urine the maledonor(1,2).Theresultssuggestthatdominanttilapiastore andusetheir control. Theolfactorypotencyofurinewaspositivelycorrelatedwiththe socialrankof males thanwheninthepresenceofurinefromsubordinateor water-only gressive totheirownimageinamirrorwhenthepresenceofurinefromdominant than nexttomalesthatconveyedonlyvisualinformation.Also,werelessag- Females preferredtospawnnextmalesthatwereassociatedwithmaleurinerather also inthepresenceoffemalesreadytospawnbutnotpost-spawn(2). toward opponentmalesbutnotwhensubmissive(1).Urinationfrequencyincreased tion pulses(1sonaverage),thefrequencyofwhichincreasedwhilstbeingaggressive males storedsignificantlymoreurinethansubordinatesandreleaseditinshortdura- ing decisionandonaggressionofmalesfightingtheirownimageinamirror. Dominant male’s socialrank(1,2).We alsoassessed theeffectofmaleurineonfemales’spawn- (assessed bytheelectro-olfactogram[EOG]recordedinbothsexes)arerelatedto nate anddominantmalestodeterminewhetherurinevolumeolfactorypotency females (1,2).Ingroupsoffish,wemonitoredthevolumeurinestoredinsubordi- and whilstinteractingwitheach-other, orwithfemalesreadytospawnpost-spawn ly withdominantmales.We measured urinationfrequencyofmalesinsocialisolation wherein malesestablishdominancehierarchiesandvisitingfemalesmatepreferential- Mozambique tilapia(OreochromismossambicusPeters1852),alek-breedingspecies ductive behaviourand/orothersocialinteractions.We addressedthisquestioninthe mating andsocialsystemsmayusespecializedurinarychemicalsignalsduringrepro- monally derivedsexpheromonesintheirurine.However, specieswithmorecomplex Many speciesoffreshwaterfishwithrelativelysimplematingstrategiesreleasehor 2. J.Chem.Ecol.(2008)34:438–449. 1. BMCBiol.(2007)5(doi:10.1186/1741-7007-5-54). and POCTI/BIA-BDE/55463/2004),Portugal. We acknowledgefundingbyFundaçãoparaaCiênciaeTecnologia-FCT (POCTI/BSE/38815/2001 Corresponding author:[email protected] Departamento deBiologia,UniversidadeÉvora,Portugal(ENB,AS) AVMC); PCH, (ENB, Portugal Faro, Algarve, do Mar, Universidade do Ciências de Centro Barata EN,SantosAHubbardPC,andCanárioAVM Social Dominance The UrineofMozambique ilapia MalesSignals - 143 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Parallel Session 4 144 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Recognition vsDeception Ethological Chemistry, GöteborgUniversity, Göteborg,Sweden Molecular Specificity: 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building Speaker: GunnarBergström,

SILVER MEDAL AWARD LECTURE 145 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 146 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI mention somepersonalthoughtsaboutpossiblefutureresearchinchemical ecology. essence ofourcurrentknowledgeandwhichalsocanhaveapredictive value.Ialso function, andevolutionofbehavior-guiding olfactorysignals,which cancomprisethe structure, the for theory general a of development the for argue I Theory—Future. 5. Ophrys andCypripedium. Examples: pollinators. vis-á-vis deception with involved signals chemical studied (cleptoparasitism) istakenasanexamplefrominsects.Infloweringplants,wehave 4. DeceptionandMimicry. Chemicalmimetismbetweenhostandparasiticbees Rosa rugosaandRanunculusacris.Specificpollenodorsarementioned. in thestrongcoevolutionaryrelationshipsbetweentwogroupsisexemplifiedby 3. RecognitionbetweenInsectsandFloweringPlants.Theroleofvolatilecompounds of achievingspecificityinthese,andother, organismsarecontrasted. specificity arebumblebees,antlions,barkbeetles,andpinesawflies.Differentways 2. RecognitionamongInsects.Theobjectschosentoexemplifychemicalspecies emphasis onbees,ants,forestinsects,andanalyticaltechniques. principles forourendeavours,andsummarizemainresearchobjects,withan make aresuméofthedevelopmentchemicalecologyinSweden,pointoutsome of adequatetechniquesandmethodsfortheoutcomeouranalyticalwork.Ithen 1. BackgroundandTechniques. Iemphasizethegreat(inmyexperience)importance consists offiveparts. tory signalsininsectsandfloweringplants(about300speciesstudiedaltogether).It My talkisbasedprimarilyonourownresultsfromstudiesofbehavior-releasing olfac- signals. BergströmG(invitedfeaturearticle) olfactory behaviour-guiding by communication Chemical press) (in (2008) Commun. Chem. Bergström G;contributiontoIUPAC project ChemistryforBiology) Pure Appl.Chem.(2007)79(12):2305–2323(Chemicalecology=chemistry+ecology! Much ofthematerialpresentedinthistalkcanbefoundreferencesbelow. Silver MedalAward Lecture:[email protected] Ethological Chemistry, GöteborgUniversity, Göteborg,Sweden Bergström G Molecular Specificity:RecognitionvsDeception 147 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SILVER MEDAL AWARD Lecture 148 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI even-numbered sites will be expected to be present at their stations stations their at present be to expected be will sites even-numbered will remain in place until Thursday afternoon, 21 August, when they they when August, 21 afternoon, Thursday until place in remain will Posters can be hung starting Monday afternoon, 18 August. Posters Posters August. 18 afternoon, Monday starting hung be can Posters should be taken down by 12.00 (12:00 PM). Presenters assigned to to assigned Presenters PM). (12:00 12.00 by down taken be should during theTuesday evening(19August)viewingsession. Viewing time bothevenings is from20.30to22.00(8:30–10:00PM). =posterpresentationsbeingjudged foranaward 3rd and4thFloorBridges,LifeSciencesBuilding Poster Session2

POSTER SESSION 2 TUESDAY, 19 AUGUST 149 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 150 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI further investigatedusingbiochemicalandgeneticapproaches. cytochrome-P450 monooxygenases.Suchdetoxificationmechanisms are nowbeing suggesting, thatthetoleranceofH.assultatocapsaicinreliesonactivity detoxification, capsaicin for responsible is which enzyme, the blocks PBO that shows where PBOwastreatedbutcapsaicinnotincorporatedinthediet. Thisindirectly were combined,theyreducedlarvalgrowthsignificantlymorethanin thecontrol, capsaicin) and (PBO chemicals two the When days. 5 for diet capsaicin-supplemented cally administeredonthird-instarlarvaeandthenlarvalgrowthwasmeasured with tion inH.assulta,piperonylbutoxide(PBO;apotentinhibitoroftheenzyme)wastopi - whether cytochrome-P450monooxygenaseswasinvolvedinthecapsaicin detoxifica- fied, ordegradedintonontoxiccompoundsbeforebeingexcretedinfeces. To evaluate excreted inthefecesofH.assulta,suggestingthatcapsaicinissequestered,modi- in feceswasmeasuredbyHPLC.Onlysmallamountsofthecapsaiciningestedwere saicin maydeterH.zea,butnotassultaandarmigera.Theamountofcapsaicin by capsaicininH.zea,butnotassultaandarmigera.Thissuggeststhatcap- but nottoH.assultaandarmigera.Therelativeconsumptionratewasdecreased H. zea,butnotinassulta.Capsaicinseemstoactasafeedingdeterrent into thehemocoeloffifth-instarlarvae,pupalweightsdecreasedinH.armigeraand this species’adaptationtoitshostplant.Furthermore,whencapsaicinwasinjected vival rateswereevenenhancedbycapsaicin,suggestingthatcapsaicinplaysarolein decreased bycapsaicininH.zeaandsubflexa.Inassulta,larvalgrowthsur frugiperda wasdelayedwhentheseinsectswerefedcapsaicin.Larvalsurvival H. assulta.Thelarvalgrowthofarmigera,zea,virescens,subflexa,andS. artificial dietshowedthatcapsaicinwastoxictoallinsectherbivorestestedexcept as howinsectsdetoxifythiscompound.Feedingexperimentswithcapsaicin-spiked well as noctuids other and the toxicityofcapsaicinondevelopmentH.assulta capsaicin concentrationsarehighest.Thepurposeofthisstudywastodetermineboth plants, includingCapsicumspp.Larvaeconsumethetissueinsideoffruit,where budworm, Helicoverpaassulta(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),feedsonafewsolanaceous (Solanaceae), isresponsibleforthepungencyofhotpepperfruit.Theorientaltobacco Capsaicin (8-methyl-N Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, MaxPlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology, Jena,07745,Germany Ahn S-J,Badenes-PerezFR,andHeckelDG Helicoverpa assulta Detoxification ofCapsaicinintheHost-PlantSpecialist -vanillyl-6-nonenamide), an alkaloid found only in Capsicum spp. - 151 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P2 152 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P4 (Fapesp), processesnos.07/0304-1,07-07607-7,08-01924-3. Financial supportwasprovidedbyFundaçãodeAmparoàPesquisadoEstado SãoPaulo herbivore defenseinthisplantspecies. among differenttropanealkaloidswouldbenecessaryinordertoplay amajorrolein a singlecompoundfailedtoaffectinsectherbivoresandsynergistic interaction tropane alkaloidsonlyaffectedtheperformanceofP. euryanassa . Itispossiblethat is notresponsibleforthereductioninherbivoryobservedfield.Moreover, total affect theperformanceofherbivores.Theseresultssuggestedthatscopolamine After 24h,thescopolamineatconcentrationfoundinMJ-inducedplantsfailedto induction. MJ and mechanical after leaves in found concentrations the at scopolamine discs ofB.suaveolens(P. euryanassa)orZeamays(S.frugiperdaimpregnatedwith generalist Spodopterafrugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).Larvaewerefedwithleaf model the and Ithomiinae) (Lepidoptera: instars ofthespecialistPlacidinaeuryanassa performance ofinsectherbivores,weconductedalaboratoryexperimentusing4th correlated withscopolaminecontent.To determinewhetherscopolamineaffectsthe scopolamine contentthanfieldcontrolplants.However, herbivoryinthefieldwasnot days, MJ-inducedplantssufferedsignificantlylessherbivoryandshowedincreased scopolamine synthesisbyaddingmethyljasmonate(MJ)topottedplants.After10 suaveolens onherbivoreattack,weconductedafieldexperimentwhereinduced chemical defense.To assesstheeffectofincreasedscopolamineinleavesB. a as act to suggested been have which components, main the as atropine and Brugmansia suaveolens(Solanaceae)containstropanealkaloids,withscopolamine and T Arab ,lvesMNSartorattoOgasawaraDC,MassaneG Scopolamine Responsible? on Brugmansiasuaveolens(Solanaceae):IstheT Corresponding author:[email protected] (MNA, AS,DCO) plinar dePesquisasQuímicas,BiológicaseAgrícolas,Unicamp,Campinas,SãoPaulo,Brazil Caixa Postal6109,13083-970,Campinas,SãoPaulo,Brazil(AA,GM,JRT);CentroPluridisci- Laboratório deEcologiaQuímica,DepartamentoZoologia,InstitutoBiologia,Unicamp, M ethyl Jasmonate- ethyl rigo JR I nduced nduced R esponses esponses R educe educe N atural atural ropane Alkaloid H erbivory erbivory mediated bysimilarodorsordifferentcompounds. host recognitionindistantlyrelatedgallmidges–thatcoexistonthesameplant–is the larvaedeveloponplant.Acomparisonofkeyvolatilesindicateswhether when stimulatedwithplantvolatiles.Bothspeciesovipositoncruciferousplantsand swede midge,Contarinianasturtii,andthebrassicapodDasineurabrassicae is usedtotesttheantennalresponseoftwodistantlyrelatedgallmidgespecies, between hostsandsubsequentlyintheformationofnewgallmidgespecies.GC-EAD plant recognition. Thus, host plant volatiles might be important when gall midges shift they usepheromoneswhenlocatingasuitablemateandhostplantvolatilesfor the greatdiversityofgallmidges.Gallmidgebehaviorisguidedbyolfactorycues; monophagous oroligophagous.We studypossibleevolutionarymechanismsbehind especially inthelargegenera.However, atspecieslevelmanygallmidgesare polyphagous, often are midges gall level, generic the At Diptera. of families related are ofevolutionaryinterestbecausetheirrapidratespeciationcomparedwith occurring ongymnosperms,angiosperms,monocotyledons,anddicotyledons.They plants, host among distributed widely are and parts plant all almost on galls form The familyCecidomyiidae(Diptera),gallmidges,contains>5,000species.They Corresponding author:[email protected] Jena, Germany(BSH) roethology, MaxPlanckInstitute forChemicalEcology, MPI,Hans-Knöll-Straße8,D-07745 SLU, POBox102,23053Alnarp,Sweden(TB,BSH,YH);DepartmentofEvolutionaryNeu- Sciences, Agricultural of University Swedish Biology, Protection Plant of Department IC-E3. Boddum T T Host RecognitioninContarinianasturtiiandDasineurabrassicae: wo SympatricGallMidgepeciesinCrucifers , BirgerssonGHanssonBSandillburY 153 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P6 154 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P8 1. RochesterJR(2004)M.S.thesis,UniversityofCalifornia-Davis. at half-maximalresponse(EC lus seedextractis2.21pmol17β aviculare seedextractintheestrogenbioassay. EstradiolequivalencyofP. convolvu- At therangestested,P. convolvulusseedextractinducesgreaterresponsethanP. us tohypothesizetherearemultipleestrogeniccompoundsinP. seed. convolvulus estrogen-positive fractionswhencross-referencedagainstthebioassay, whichled P. convolvulus.AcrudeseparationofP. convolvulusseedextractyieldedmultiple receptor responseelement)toisolateestrogeniccompoundsinarelatedPolygonum, cell lineusingaluciferasereportergeneinserteddownstreamoftheestrogen istry techniqueswithguidancefromaninvitroestrogenbioassay(ovariancarcinoma activity invitroandmaycontainnovelestrogens(1).We haveusedanalyticalchem- Seed extractsofselectedweeds(includingPolygonumaviculare)inducedestrogenic vulus; thereforeP. convolvulusseedwouldbeanovelsourceofphytoestrogens. no previousstudieshaveconfirmedestrogenicpropertiesinseedsofweedP. convol- resveratrol, polydatin,andemodininestrogen-positivefractions.To ourknowledge, chromatography coupledwithdiodearraydetection,wehavetentativelyidentified fractions are0.085,0.13,and0.21pmolE2/gseed.Throughhigh-performanceliquid Corresponding author:[email protected] California (DMH). Davis, Davis, California of University Laboratory, Resources Natural and Agriculture (MSD); Department ofEnvironmentalToxicology, UniversityofCaliforniaDavis,Davis JRM); (JCB, California Davis, Davis, California of University Science, Animal of Department Brennan JC,DenisonMS,HolstegeDMandMillamJR in aPolygonumSpecies Detection andIdentificationofEstrogenicCompounds 50 ) is0.65mgseed.Estradiolequivalenciesofpositive -estradiol (E2)eq/gseed.Effectiveconcentration and egg-layingwasanalysed. first attractantofkairomoneoriginforthespecies.Plantpreference adultfeeding (from 0.25to1ml/dispenserwereattractive;Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA test).Thisisthe was carriedoutinindustrialtomatogreenhouseslatesummer. Alltesteddosages salicylate, herbivore-inducedplantvolatile,wasattractiveforL.bryoniae . Thetest methyl that revealed conditions field under test Behavioural tomato. or bittersweet of Females andmalesrearedonafieldbeandemonstratednopreference toodoureither deadnettle. and tomato between or tomato and ground-cherry downy between choose cherry. Inmales, therewererecordednopreferenceswhentheyallowedto to odourofbittersweetcomparewiththattomato,deadnettle,and downy ground- downy ground-cherry. Malesrearedonbittersweet,weresignificantlymoreattracted deadnettle, whereasnodifferencewasrecordedinchoicebetweenbittersweetand tersweet, significantlymorepreferodourofbittersweetcompareeithertotomatoor females andmalesdependedontheirrearingatlarvalstage.Femalesrearedabit- number oftheleavesvariedfrom12to16,dependingontheirsize.Reactionboth passing overleavesofundamagedplantonabranchtopfromplant.The airstream was odours the of source The ground-cherry. downy and deadnettle, tomato, bittersweet, plants: host four of pairs using out carried were Y-olfactometer in tests ground-cherry andbittersweetevokedthehighestresponsesinmales.Behavioural deadnettle, downyground-cherry, andbittersweetvolatiles,whereasonlydowny dimorphism inreactions.InfemalesthehighestEAGresponseswereevokedby sexual some noted was There Thunb.). of nonhostplantwrinkledrose(Rosarugosa ( ( juice ofanythefollowinghostplants:bittersweet(SolanumdulcamaraL.),tomato after stimulationbyhostplantodours.Thesourceoftheodourswas6mgfresh spread throughoutLithuania.EAGreactionsofadultsL.bryoniaewererecorded quarantine speciesandremainedthereuntil2003.Sincethen,ithasbecomewide- important pestoftomatoes.InLithuania,thisspecieswasincludedintothelist Polyphagous leafminerLiriomyzabryoniae(Diptera,Agromyzidae)iseconomically Physalis pubescensL.),whitegoosefoot(Chenopodiumalbumaswellthat Lycopersicon esculentumMill.),deadnettle( Lamium albumL.),downyground-cherry Corresponding author:[email protected] Akademijos 2,LT-08412 Vilnius,Lithuania University, Vilnius Ecology, of Institute Ecology, Behavioural and Chemical of Laboratory Buda VandRadžiuteS Reaction ofLeafminerLiriomyzabryoniaetoPlantV ˉ ˙ olatiles 155 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P10 156 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P12 confirmed identity. Further studies being carried out to establish the action of these compounds, and their peaks fromtheventralsamples,whichindicatespresenceofthreealdehydes. (SPME) witha100-µmPDMS-coatedfiber. GC-MSanalysisshowedseveralexclusive dorsal andventralsurfaces,byusingdirectcontactsolidphasemicroextraction extract. Sofar, wehavepreliminaryresultsaftercomparingsamplesfrom40worker active andnotsignificantlydifferentfromthefractionobtainedwithcrudehexane fractionated throughcolumnchromatography. Themorepolarfractionwasbiologically first, 50workerswereextractedwithn fying thechemicalcompoundsresponsiblefortrail-followingbehaviorinM.exiguus, and theyusuallybuildnestsintreesoronthegroundsurface.Withaimofidenti- America, South and Central in found commonly are termites Microcerotermes exiguus Corresponding author:[email protected] Dpto. deQuímica,UniversidadSimónBolívar, Valle deSartenejas,Caracas1080A,Venezuela Lubes GandCabreraA Phase Microextraction Microcerotermes exiguusbyUsingDirectContactSolid Preliminary ResultsontheT rail PheromoneoftheT -hexane for3h,andthenthisextractwas ermite 2. PlantPhysiol.(2007)143:1954–1967. 1. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2002)20:13319–13323. β sented infrass(ribosome-inactivatingprotein2[RIP2],leucineaminopeptidase, and defense genes(maizeproteinaseinhibitor, chitinaseA,andI)genespre- were induced>20timesaftercaterpillarfeedingthanuninfestedplants.Theplant pathway genestranscripts(alleneoxidesynthase,lipoxygenase1,3,and6)inmaize identification technology(MudPIT).TheQRT-PCR resultsshowedthatJA-biosynthesis tissue. Thecaterpillarfrasswascollectedandanalyzedbymultidimensionalprotein whorl maize of ingestion after (2) FAWfrass in found proteins plant encoding genes 1-cysteine proteinase(Mir1-CP)(1).Ingroup3,wemeasuredtheexpressionof group 2,weanalyzedplant-induceddefensegenes,suchasmaizeinsectresistance reaction (QRT-PCR). Ingroup1,westudiedgenesintheJA-biosynthesispathway. In of threegroupsgeneswasmeasuredbyquantitativereal-timepolymerasechain ceptible maizelineswereinfestedwithablatedandunablatedlarvae.Theexpression was cauterizedorablated,preventingsalivarysecretions.Insect-resistantand-sus- insect-specific plantdefenses. To preventsalivation,thespinneretofcaterpillars from general distinguish to genotypes maize FAW-susceptible and FAW-resistant used are specificallyinterestedinwhether FAW salivainducesplantdefensegenes. We worm, FAW). Maizeexhibitsgeneralplantdefensestoinsectdamage;however, we heavily byinsectsandoneofthemajorpestsisSpodopterafrugiperda(fallarmy- The UnitedStatesisamajorworldwideproducerofmaize.Maizecanbedamaged levels ofinsectdefensegenesinmaize. caterpillar. Hence,caterpillarsalivaseemstobe criticalforelicitingthemaximum leaves wassignificantlyinducedby FAW salivainnonablatedcomparedwithablated ablated caterpillarattacked.ImmunoblotanalysisshowedthatRIP2protein inmaize Interestingly, nonablated couldinducemaizegeneexpressionupto5timesmorethan - d Corresponding author:[email protected](Chuang) Raleigh, NC(RSB) University, State Carolina North Biology, Plant of Department GAH); (MH, MI Lansing, East (WPC, DSL);DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology, MichiganStateUniversity, PA Park, University University, State Pennsylvania The Sciences, Soil and Crop of Department Chuang W-P, HerdeM,oweGABostonRSandLutheDS Effect ofCaterpillarSalivaonMaizeDefenseGenexpression -glucosidase precursor) had the same trend as JA-biosynthesis pathway genes. genes. pathway JA-biosynthesis as trend same the had precursor) -glucosidase 157 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P14 158 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P16 tion byusingchemicalinteractionsbetweenplantsandotherorganisms. strategy forpestmanagement.We reviewprospectsforapplicationinplantprotec- new develops also but interactions species of insight the broadens only not organisms intraplant species.Clarificationofchemicalinteractionsbetweenplantandother systems. Chemicalrecognitionandinformationtransfermayoccuramonginter- and that therearemanipulatinginteractionsamongcrops,weeds,andpestsincropping of plantdefensemaybeinducedunderpeststress.Recentstudieshaveshowed mechanism chemical the Furthermore, pests. inhibit or resist to mechanism defense as plantchemicaldefensesonpestsincroppingecosystems.Plantsmayturnthe are theoldestformsofcommunication.Therechemicalinteractions,whichact All organismsusechemicalsignalstotransmitinformation;“chemicallanguages” Corresponding author:[email protected] China. 100193, Beijing University, Agricultural China Science, Biological of College Cui H,Wei J,andLeiJ and ChemicalInteractionsbetweenPlantsOtherOrganisms Plant Protection:UsingChemicalMechanismofDefense

progress ofmultimodalstimuliinotherinsectssuchastheColoradopotato beetle. strategies forD.abbreviatusandprovideaframeworkinvestigationsalreadyin control and tools detection of development the facilitate results These insect. the of theprocessingandintegrationmultipleinputstocentralnervous systemof attractive photicstimulus.Ourobservationscorrespondtobehavioral manifestations tion, upwinddisplacementdecreasedto11.1%,againindicatingdominance ofthe was presentedinthesamecorridorwithchemicalandaeolicattractant combina- stimulus alone.Whengreenwaspresentedperpendiculartotheaircurrent andblue jected intoanairstreamincreasedupwindwalkingto67.0%compared withtheaeolic cal stimulus (volatiles from the headspace of males feeding on young citrus leaves) in- to 22.8%,indicatingdominanceoftheattractivephoticstimulus.Anchemi- was presentedinthesamecorridorwithcurrent,upwinddisplacementdecreased (blue) stimulus photic unattractive an and current air the to perpendicular presented males) comparedwithstillair(3.1%).Whenanattractivephoticstimulus(green)was presence ofanaeolicstimulus,weevilswalkedmoreupwind(37.9%malesandfe- and yellowoverblue;therewasnopreferencebetweengreen.Inthe perpendicular toeachother. Instillair, bothsexeschosegreenlightoverUVorblue, combinations, paired in insect the to presented were (red) nm 660 or (yellow), nm wavelength withamaximalpeakat351nm(UV),472(blue),570(green),585 narrow of colors Emissive arms. four the of any reach to unable but visualize to able adapted toanopen-looptrackingdevice(servosphere),whereawalkingweevilwas ments wereperformedinadualchoicearenaformedbycrossroadoftwocorridors and aeolic(wind)signalsaswellcombinationsofthesesignals.Behavioralexperi- photic, chemical, to Curculionidae) (Coleoptera: root weevilDiaprepesabbreviatus tropical the of behavior investigated we Here, modality. sensory one only consider resources iscommonamonginsects,mostlaboratorystudiesoforientationbehavior Although theuseofdifferentsensorymodalitiestosearchandidentifyappropriate Otálora-Luna F, LapointeSL,andDickensJC on aServophere Corresponding author:[email protected] 34945 (SLL) Beltsville, MD(FO-L,JCD);U.S.HorticulturalResearchLaboratory, USDA–ARS,FortPierce,FL USDA–ARS, Institute, Sciences Plant Laboratory, Behavior and Biocontrol Insect Invasive Behavior oftheT Interaction ofChemical,Photic,andAeolicStimuliinthe ropical RootWeevil, Diaprepesabbreviatus, 159 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P18 160 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P20 ( synthetic andnaturalsampleswasdeterminedusing as proposedbefore(3). indicates thatthehydrideabstractionisnotrate-determiningstep ofthisprocess mechanism ofthedecarboxylationstep.Theobtainedvaluekinetic isotopic effect of deuteratedandunlabeleddihydrocamalexicacidswasperformedto elucidatethe efficiency forthe(R might explainthefactthatbothisomersareconvertedintocamalexin,although due tohighsensitivityofthiazoline-ringepimerization.Theepimerizationprocess 3. PlantPhysiol.141:1248–1254. 2. PlantPhysiol.138:1058–1070. 1. Phytochemistry68:401–406. steps startingfromindole-3-carboxylicacidandmethylestersof several in synthesized were acids target The formation. camalexin of step boxylative the absoluteconfigurationofnaturalacid,andsomedetailsfinaldecar We reportsynthesisofbothenantiomers ofdihydrocamalexicacid,determination (3). plants into camalexininyeastCYP71B15-expressingcellsandalsoA.thaliana has beenshownthatcytochromeCYP71B15isabletoconvertdihydrocamalexicacid precursor, dihydrocamalexicacid,hasbeenisolatedandidentified(2).Additionally, it pathogens, aswellahumantumorcellline(1).Recently, aputativecamalexin variety ofplantpathogens,whichhasbeenshowntoinhibitgrowthparticular Camalexin istheprincipalphytoalexinofArabidopsisthaliana,inducedbyagreat corresponding tonaturalthe ments. Thenaturaldihydrocamalexicacidwasfoundtobe(R Me underwent intramolecularcyclization,andasubsequenthydrolysisoftheesterswith corresponding amides.TheresultingamidesupontreatmentwiththeBurgessreagent R )-Dihydrocamalexic acid Corresponding author:[email protected] Genetik, Technische UniversitätMünchen,D-85350Freising,Germany(EG) Department ofPlant–MicrobeInteractions,D-50829Cologne,Germany(PB);Lehrstuhlfür Research, Breeding Plant for Institute Planck Max AS); (JD, Germany Jena, D-07745 Campus, Beutenberg Spectrometry, Mass Group Research Ecology, Chemical for Institute Planck Max Doubský J,BednarekP, GlawischnigE,andSvatošA of CamalexinBiosynthesis Dihydrocamalexic AcidasanIntermediateintheFinalStep 3 SnOH affordedpureenantiomersofdihydrocamalexicacid.Isomericpurityboth S N H N )-isomer issignificantlyhigher(3).Biotransformationofamixture COOH l oxidative decarboxylation -cysteine, containing15%of(S P450 1 H NMRand/orHPLCmeasure- )-isomer predominantly, predominantly, )-isomer )-isomer, presumably l - or d Camalexin -cysteine via S N H - N antifeedant properties. Further studiesarerequiredtoidentifytheactivecompoundsthatgive C.asiaticaits properties. antifeedant strong the shows analysis chromatography layer thin using Two spotsachievedfromisolationofDCMextractinmixtures98:2DCM:MeOHby extract elutedwithmixturesofDCMandMeOHat95:5,98:2.90:10(χ MeOH extractequally. Theantifeedantpropertieswereequallyexhibitedbyisolated respectively. E.indicaexhibited80%(n=20)responseofavoidancetowardDCMand species, ant both and (n =7),and24%6)antifeedantbehaviorfromE.indica toward DCMextractandmethanolextract.However, hexaneextractevokedonly28% Camponotus species,68%(n=17)and72%18)showedantifeedantbehavior respectively. Thisshowspositiveantifeedantbehaviortowardbothtreatments.In dichloromethane extractandmethanolwere84%(n=21)72%18), activities. ThepercentagesofC.acrocoeliaantsthatavoidedgoingtowardthe (MeOH) toachievecomparisonandthebestextractionwithstrongantifeedant methanol and (DCM), dichloromethane n-hexane, by extracted were leaves The tract. the behaviorofthreeinsectsasmentionedabovetowardC.asiaticaleavesex- instead oftheirmedicinalvalue.AT-shaped olfactometermethodwasusedtotest Chinese medicine.Thisstudyiscarriedouttoinvestigatetheantifeedantproperties extract. C.asiaticaisawell-knownmedicinalplantvaluedinayurvedictreatmentand tus speciesant(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)weretestedusingCentellaasiaticacrude Coccinelidae), Crematogasteracrocoelia(Hymenoptera:Myrmicinae),andCampono- The behavioralresponsesofthethreedifferentinsectEpilachnaindica(Coleoptera: Corresponding author:[email protected] 50603 KualaLumpur, Malaysia Institute ofBiologicalScience,FacultyUniversityMalaya Abdullah F, FauzeeF, SyakirinF, andKanyanEnchangF aceae) ExtractagainstInsectsasaPotentialNaturalAntifeedant Comprehensive StudyofCentellaasiaticaLeaves(Family: A pi- 2 ; p < 0.05). 0.05). < 161 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P22 162 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P24 EF-0412651, DARPA BAA06-22, andUSDA–ARSSpecificCooperative Agreement58-6402-5-066). NSF by supported was work This FL. Gainesville in USDA–ARS the with Meagher R. and Dillard C. by provided were diet and Russo, andS.Wherry fortechnicalassistance.Spodopterafrugiperda V. MacFarland, S. Kasputis, T. M. Andras, A. Ebersole, Costenbader, C. Bentley, A. Wethank it isacentralcomponentofphenotypic plasticityandlifehistoryvariation. level traits,isanepigeneticmechanism carryingeffectsofpastnutritionalhistory, and addressed in other animals. Alternative splicing responds in a precise way to organism- ments mayoccurinvertebratemuscles, butthesetypesofquestionshavenotyetbeen condition haveamolecularcompositionindicativeofweakermuscles. Similar adjust- nutritional poorer a in insects weight, body given a At nutrition. and weight as such respond viaalternativesplicingatthepre-mRNAleveltowhole-organism variables gested theyhadthemostpowerfulflightmuscles.Theseresultsindicate thatmuscles the Bt-corntreatment,andsweetcornmothshadatntisoformcompositionthatsug - larvae thatateconventionalfieldandsweetcornhadPMRssignificantly higherthan composition andPMRsassociatedwithreducedflightmuscleperformance. Mothsfrom composition. MothsfromlarvaethatateBt-cornweresmallestandhad tntisoform Body weightandcornvarietytogetherexplained95%ofthevariationin tntisoform acquisition. nutrient and efficiency feeding decreasing thereby larvae, in cells digestive thereby provideanotherlevelofvariationinnutrition.TheBt-toxincorn actson and, abundance carbohydrate in differ corn sweet and Field Bt-toxin. expressing corn observed inHelicoverpazeamothsfromlarvaethatatefieldcorn,sweetor gravity inordertofly. DifferencesintntisoformcompositionandPMRalsowere performance tobeadjustedaccordingenergyavailabilityandneedcounteract their weightandnutritionalstate.Alternativesplicingoftntappearstoallowmuscle in weightthatoccurduringadultlife.Mothsprobablypossessmechanismstosense we showedthatmothsusealternativesplicingtoadjusttheirflightmuscleschanges weight, body and restriction diet of influence the uncoupling By PMR. and isoforms tnt moths. Adultbodyweight(i.e.,mass)wasstronglycorrelatedwiththecompositionof in flightmuscle,andpeakmetabolicrate(PMR)duringofSpodopterafrugiperda ing larvaldietstronglyaffectedadultbodyweight,relativeabundanceoftntisoforms responds inaquantitativefashiontoadultbodyweightandlarvalnutrition.Restrict- among individuals.Therefore,wetestedthehypothesisthatalternativesplicingoftnt or environmentalvariablesinfluencingthedevelopmentofflightphenotypicvariation animals, suchasmoths,modulateflightmusclepowerinrelationtoorganism-level unnecessarily highrate.Alternativesplicingoftntmaybeamechanismbywhichsome sary tocounteractbodyweight,butexcessiveforceandpowerconsumeenergyatan contractile genetroponin-t(tnt).Powerfulmusclesimproveflightabilityandareneces- power of insect and vertebrate muscles is affected by alternative splicing of the muscle transcripts fromsinglegenes,therebyamplifyingfunctionaldiversity. Theforceand Alternative splicingisaprominentfeatureofgeneexpressionthatcreatesdistinct Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center Fescemyer HWandMardenJ Phenotypic ResponsetoBodyWeight andNutrition Alternative SplicingofaFlightMuscleGeneReflectsthe

a betterunderstandingofdefenseandtolerancemechanisms. dynamics ofwhole-plantresourceallocationprovidesnovelinsightthatwillallowfor short-term of study The dynamics. resource short-term of terms in responses different with acompanionmethyljasmonatestudy, suggeststhatdifferentelicitorsyieldvery and nitrogen.Inaddition,thecomparisonoftheseresultsonresourceallocation regurgitant ontobaccoplantsindicatedifferentialwhole-plantallocationofcarbon avoiding theuseofintrusivetechniques.PreliminaryresultsapplyingManducasexta generalist andspecialistherbivores.We makeuseofshort-livedradiotracers( to investigateshort-termresourceallocationintobaccoandtomatoresponse where theyarelessaccessibleforattackers.Oneofthemainaimsthisprojectis to fine-tuneallocationofneworexistingresourcesanddirectthemplantorgans mechanisms, plantscanundergochangesintheirprimarymetabolismallowingthem not mutuallyexclusive,strategyinresponsetodamage.Throughso-calledtolerance digestibility, increasedtissuetoxicity, orboth.However, plantscanuseanalternative, host. Thismayreduceherbivorepreferenceorperformancethroughreducedtissue confronted bytheproductionofchemicalcompoundsorphysicalstructurestheir to reducetheimpactorwithstandenemyattacks.Upondamage,herbivoresare As sessileorganisms,plantshaveevolvedawidearrangeofdefensemechanisms Environmental Research. and Biological of Office DOE, U.S. the by part in and Service Extension and Education Research, This researchwassupportedbytheNationalResearchInitiativeofUSDACooperative State and Corresponding author:[email protected] Brookhaven NationalLaboratory, Upton,NY(MS,RAF) Biology Department,Tufts University, Medford,MA(SG,CMO);MedicalDepartment, Gómez S,FerrieriRAchuellerMandOriansC in ResponsetoHerbivory Short-T 13 N) tostudythedistributioninplantaofnewlyincorporated erm ResourceAllocationinNicotianatabacum 11 CO 2 and 13 NH 11 C 3 ,

163 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P26 164 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P28 evaluate theattractivenessofGLV lureblendsanddosagesfortheemeraldashborer. serve ashostattractantsforothercoleopteranfoliovores,weconductedfieldteststo borer, Agrilusanxius,andfoliagevolatilesfrombirch(Betulaspp.).BecauseGLVs producing the largest responses. Comparisons were made with the native bronze birch consistent EAD-activecomponents,withtheunsaturatedGLV alcoholsandaldehydes revealed thatuptoeightgreenleafvolatiles(GLVs) andseveralsesquiterpeneswere bioassays, (EAD) detection chromatography-electroanntenographic gas by followed Adult borersfeedonash(Fraxinusspp.)foliage.Insitusamplingoffoliagevolatiles Corresponding author:[email protected] DP); USDAForestService,EastLansingMI(TMP) MMA-Z, LB, PdeG, (GGG, 2E5 P6A Canada ON, Marie, Ste. Sault Service, Forest Canadian and PittD Grant GG,derootP, PolandTM,BuchanL,Abou-ZaidMM of ItsNorthAmericanHosts planipennis (Coleoptera:Buprestidae),toFoliageV Response oftheInvasiveEmeraldAshBorer, Agrilus olatiles toids withthisgoalinmind. ness ofLygus-induced volatileprofilestonativeandintroduced L. lineolarisparasi- to enhancethesuccessofbiologicalcontrols.Futureworkwillexamineattractive- enemies whenelicitedbyL.lineolarisfeeding,thenedgehabitatscanbemanipulated natural attract easily more plants certain If plants. food their from elicited cues tially duetovariationintheabilityofnaturalenemieslocatehoststhroughvolatile natural enemiesvariesdependingontheweedandcropcommunity. Thisispoten- area ofL.lineolarisbiologicalcontrolhasdemonstratedthatthesuccessparasitoid piercing–sucking insectelicittheobservedvolatileresponse.Previousworkin ( weedy hosts(MelilotusofficinalisandErigeronannuus)aswellcultivated relative toundamagedandmechanicallydamagedplants.Thiswasobservedinboth lineolaris induceshostplantstoreleasespecificblendsofcompoundsthatareunique of plant–insectinteractions.PreliminaryworkdescribedheredemonstratesthatL. L. lineolariswouldbenefitbiologicalcontroleffortsandcontributetobasicknowledge both understudiedintermsoftheirchemicalecology, andagreaterunderstandingof in anumberoffruitandagriculturalsystems.Generalisthemipteraninsectsare The tarnishedplantbug,Lygus lineolaris, isanimportantgeneralisthemipteranpest Medicago sativa)andsuggeststhatcompoundsinthesalivarysecretionsofthis Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center Halloran STandT of V Interactions amongLygus lineolarisandItsHostPlants:AStudy olatile InductionandmplicationsforBiologicalControl umlinson JH 165 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P30 166 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P32 (4) reporteda3-componentblendof(E nent ofthefemalesexpheromonelegumepodboremoth.Later, Downhametal. 4. J.Chem.Ecol.(2003) 29:989–1011. 3. J.Chem.Ecol.(1999) 25:105–115. 2. Int.J.PestManag.(1999)45:57–59. 1. Adv. LegumeSci.(1980)419–443. pheromone. AdatiandTatsuki (3)identified(E to trapsbaitedwithlivevirginfemales,whichsuggestedthefemalesproduceasex previously effective(2).AdultmaleM.vitratawereshowntobeattracted Recently, M.vitratahasacquiredreducedsusceptibilitytoinsecticidesthathavebeen parasitoids. and predators natural killed simultaneously but effective tolerance are Control ofM.vitratamainlyreliesonusechemicalinsecticidessomethem worldwide. million US$30 of loss yield with (1), 1980) Allen and (Singh Africa of parts bean throughoutAsiaandAfrica.Losseshavebeenreportedat20–80%indifferent legumes, particularly, cowpea,pigeonpea,blackgram,greenbeans,andsoy- The legumepodborer, Marucavitrata(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae),isaseriouspestof are discussed. pheromone compoundsandpossible reasonsfortheincreaseoftrapcatchtomales able toincreasetrapcatchinthefield worldwide.Theroleofthetwonewlyidentified tested infieldnow. We foundthatthenew candidate pheromonecompoundwould unsaturated hydrocarbonincombinationswithotherpheromonecomponents isbeing hexadecadienol and(E E10:16-10 inration90:10thanbaited(E traps. SignificantlyhighermalewerecaughtontrapsbaitedwithEE1012:16-Ald and systems. CatchesofmaleM.vitrataweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseunbaited with previouslyidentifiedcompoundsbyusingdifferentcombinations ofdispensing E10-16:OH alcohol unsaturated identified newly of combination possible all with a windtunnelforthefirsttime.Fieldtrialswerecarriedoutusingvarious trapsbaited developed thatisasattractivetomaleM.vitratamothsthenaturalpheromonein components hasbeendetectedandidentified.Usingthese,asynthetic lurehasbeen and massspectrawiththoseofsyntheticstandards.To datetwonewpheromone unsaturated hydrocarbontrieneZZZ3,6,9-23:HbycomparisonofGCretentiontimes female wasalsoshowedanewEAG-activecompoundthatidentifiedas and massspectrawiththoseofsyntheticstandards.Ovipositortipextractvirgin linked GC-EAG,E10-16:OH,whichwasidentifiedbycomparisonofGCretentiontimes an additionalcomponentthatelicitedEAGresponsesfrommalesinanalysesby moth inAsia.We foundthatvolatiles producedbyvirginfemaleM.vitratacontained thetic compoundsthatattractsmalemothsinlaboratory, oralurethatattractsmale that attractsmalemothsinBenin(West Africa)butfailedtoproduceablendofsyn- hexadecadienol, (E Corresponding author:[email protected] Natural ResourcesInstitute,theUniversityofGreenwich,UnitedKingdom Hassan MN,allDRandDownhamMCA Pod Borer, Marucavitrata(Lepidoptera:Crambidae) Reinvestigation ofFemaleSexPheromonetheLegume )-10-hexadecadienal inaratioof100:5:5.Theydevelopedlure )-10-hexadecadienal inaratioof100:5:5.Thenewlyidentified , E , E )-10,12- hexadecadienalwith(E )-10,12-hexadecadienal with(E , E )-10,12,16:Ald isthemajorcompo- , , E E )-10,2-16 )-10,2-16 the plants. the hydroxylationhadanremarkableeffectonperceptionofthese compoundsby the hydroxylationseemstobefairlyspecific.Furthermore,justaone carbon shiftof volicitin-like hydroxylatedFACs butalsothatthemetabolicmechanismsresultingin active asvolicitin.TheseresultsshownotonlythatM.sextaregurgitantcontains showed thatN composed of18-hydroxylatedlinolenicacid.AbioassayelicitoractivityonZ.mays and gaschromatography-massspectrometryaftermethanolysis,wereshowntobe as volicitinandN ( secretions ofManducasexta(Sphingidae)andcomparetheirelicitoractivityoncorn oral the from compounds volicitin-related unknown previously report we study, this In katydids. in and flies, fruit larval crickets, in as well as species lepidopteran numerous exigua (Noctuidae),aseriesofrelatedfattyacidamides(FACs) havebeenidentifiedin itin [N toids, naturalenemiesofcaterpillars,tolocatetheirhost.Sincethediscoveryvolic- Plants damagedbycaterpillarfeedingreleaseablendofvolatilesthatguideparasi- These novelcompounds,thatwereisolatedandidentifiedbythehelpof secretions. the in FACs hydroxylated additional found we analyses, spectrometry mass of volatilesincornplants.Byliquidchromatographyquadrupoleiontraptimeflight glutamic acidwerefoundintheoralsecretionsofM.sextaandidentifiedaselicitor Zea mays)plants.Previously, N Corresponding author:[email protected](Ishikawa) Ecology, DepartmentofEntomology, PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA 16802 Chemical for Center 32608; FL Gainesville, Agriculture, of Department U.S. Service, Research Agricultural Entomology, Veterinary and Agricultural, Medical, of Center Japan; 606-8502, Division ofAppliedLifeSciences,GraduateSchoolAgriculture,KyotoUniversity, Kyoto I Manduca sextaandTheirElicitorActivity Identification ofNovelV T shikawa C, C, shikawa umlinson JH,andMoriN -(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)- -(18-hydroxylinolenoyl)- -(18-hydroxylinolenoyl)- Y oshinaga oshinaga L -glutamine] intheoralsecretionsoflarvalSpodoptera N -linolenoyl- olicitin-Related Compoundsfrom , , A boshi boshi L -glutamine wasapproximately40%asactive L -glutamic acidwasapproximately20%as L -glutamine aswellN T , Lait C Lait , G , Ono Ono , H , , N -linolenoyl- ishida ishida 1 H NMR R , L -

167 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P34 168 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P36 Z Naturforsch[C]42:657–659. nonadien-4-olide. acknowledged. We thankProfessorK.Moriforsendingstandardsof(R gratefully is (2B06007) Republic Czech the of Education of Ministry the by support Financial ratio. Theabsoluteconfigurationof(2Z and nonadienolidewerethemostabundantcompoundspresentinapproximately4:1 mixture ofC18fattyacids(withzero,one,two,andthreedoublebonds).Mellein (2Z analyses revealedsevenantennallyactivecompounds:1-hexanol,2-phenylethanol, tion (GC-EAD),GC-GC-massspectrometry(MS),andGC-infraredspectrometry. The the extractcompositionusinggaschromatographic-electroantennographicdetec- monitoring strategyofA.sociella,weextractedwingglandsbyhexaneandanalyzed respect tosyntheticcompounds.Inasearchforpheromone-basedcontroland/or attractive tofemalesbyinducingwalking,noconvincingevidencewasprovidedwith nonadien-4-olide intheapproximateratio95:1(1).Althoughwing-glandextractswas wing-gland secretionhasbeenidentifiedasamixtureofmelleinand(2Z behavior anditinducesattractionoffemalemoths.Previously, thecompositionof in male-specificwingglands.Thepheromoneisreleasedbymalesduringcalling Galleriinae, matingbehaviorinA.sociellaismediatedbysexpheromoneproduced the broodcombbutalsooffspringofhost.Asinothermemberssubfamily bees, wasps,andbumblebees.Thelarvaeattackthenests,eatdestroynotonly social of parasite wild a is Galeriinae) Pyralidae, (Lepidoptera, Aphomia sociella ity to(R ( of pheromone-basedmonitoringorcontrolmethodforA.sociella. components. Ourresultsprovideareliablebackgroundforprospective development GC-GC-MS confirmedallcompoundsasbeingairborneandthuspotential pheromone used forcommunicationbetweensexes.SPMEsignalsanalyzedusing GC-EADand (SPME) techniquewasusedtodeterminewhichoftheidentifiedcompounds arelikely male wing-glandpheromonehasacomplexstructure.Solidphasemicroextraction R ) bymeansofenantioselectiveGCseparation.Interestingly, theantennalsensitiv- Corresponding author:[email protected] UOCHB AV CRvvi,Flemingovonam.2.Praha6,16610,CzechRepublic and V Jiros P, KalinovaB,KindlJ,ZacekP, CvackaJ,V Wing GlandsSecretionoftheBeeMothAphomiasociella ,6Z )-2,6-nonadien-4-olide, unknownlactone,mellein,phytone,andaninseparable )-enantiomer washigherthentothe(S alterová I ,6Z )-2,6-nonadien-4-olide wasdeterminedas )-enantiomer. Ourresultsshowthat asickova S, )- and(S)-(2Z ,6Z ,6Z )-2,6- )-2,6- flower, orproducecompetitivelysuperiorpollen. free transgenicplantsmayattractmorepollinators,producepollen permale viral the that suggesting alone, production flower male in increase the by explained than expectedbychancealone(26.7,26.4%)andthedifferencecannot beentirely for thetransgene).Inbothyearssignificantlymoreofseedswere NPTIIpositive would beNPTIIpositive(because25%oftheplantsineachfieldwere hemizygous the presenceofNPTII.Iffertilizationisrandomweexpectedthat12.5% oftheseeds Introgressives), germinatedarandomsampleof480seedsperfield, and scoredfor year, wealsoharvestedtwomaturefruitfromeach ofthenontransgenicplants(S,X, in 2006thantheeithernontransgenicintrogressivesorwildgourds.Ineach plants producedsignificantlymoremaleflowersinbothyearsandmaturefruit late Julyandspreadthroughthenontransgenicplants.We foundthatthetransgenic of viraldisease(WMV-2 andZYMV in2006;ZYMVonly2007)occurredmid-to sives, and45non-tintrogressives).Inbothyears,thefirstplantstoshowsymptoms of twofieldsin2006and2007(180plants/field;45X,S,transgenicintrogres- (transgenic), 3F1,BC1(t),BC1,3BC2andBC2fromeachof5familiesin introgression into the wild gourd, we grew 9 outbred (X), 9 inbred (S) wild gourds, 3 F1 NPTII protein.To examinethefitnessoftransgeneduringinitialstages the transgeneinhybridprogenycanbedetectedusingaDAS-ELISAkitfordetecting (CP genesandNPTII)intowildgourds(C.pepossp.texanabecausethepresenceof of thethreeviruses.Consequently, wehavebeenabletointrogressthetransgene not beendeactivatedandisstilltightlylinked(flankedoneachside)bytheCPgenes identify Agrobacteriumthathavepickedupthetransgeneduringtransformation)has importantly, theNPTIIgeneconferringresistancetoneomycin(aselectivemarker intact viruses.Inthiscultivar, thevirusresistant(VR)transgeneishemizygous,and, they undergoposttranscriptionalsilencing(RNAi)thatprotectstheplantsfrom genes ofWMV-2, ZYMV, andCMV. Whenthesegenesareexpressedinsquashcells (CP) protein coat viral the express to engineered was that construct DNA a ing In themid-1990s,USDAderegulatedgrowthoftransgenicsquashcontain- Stephenson AG Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofBiology, ThePhennsylvania StateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA Kariyat during Introgression Fitness oftheViralResistance(VR)T RR , , G uirand uirand AS , , V erbano J erbano D , Wall KL, KL, Wall , ransgene (t) S asuclark asuclark MM , and and , 169 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P38 170 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P40 bioassays indicatedthat(+)-α We thankDr. MayaEvendenforreviewofthisabstract. 2. ChinJApplEcol(2008)19(4):893–900. 1. InducedResponsestoHerbivory(1997)UniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago, IL. 1 feeding andmothovipositionperiodofD.pryeri.Conesemittedspecificblends larval the throughout larvae terpene volatilesfromconesinfestedbyG.maigarotana and gaschromatography-massspectrometrytostudythecompositionquantityof tibility (1)orherbivore-inducednegativedefense(2).We usedheadspacecollections feeding andoviposition,respectively. Thisphenomenonisknownasinducedsuscep- larvae andfemalemothsselectedconespreviouslyinfestedbyG.maigarotanafor Chinese pineandcausesmorethan60%oftheseedlosses.Experimentsshowedthat mata margarotana(Heinemann)(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), seriouslydamagesconesof formis Carr.) orchardsofnorthernChina,theconeworm,inassociationwithGravitar insect pestofconiferousconesandshootsinChina.InChinesepine(Pinustobulae- Pine coneworm,DioryetriapryeriRagonot(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae),isanimportant of herbivore-inducednegativedefenses. pine conewormlarvaeovercomethisinducedresistance?Maybeisakeyexample and thenutritivequalityofconedecreased.Therefore,ourquestionishowdo demonstrate thattheenzymeactivitiesofresistanceininfestedconeincreased decreased aftertheconewasdamagedbyG.maigarotanalarvae.Theseresults protein inhibitoractivities,andresinacidcontent,increased,whereaswatercontent host attractants.Ourexperimentalresultsfurthershowthatpolyphenoloxidaseand R -(+)-α Corresponding author:[email protected] College ofForestry, NorthwestA&FUniversity, Yangling, Shaanxi712100,P. R.China Li XGandY and HostSelectionbyDioryctriapryeri Herbivore-Induced EmissionsfromPinustobulaeformisCones -pinene, β ang LJ -myrcene, and -pinene, β d -(+)-limonene. Electrophysiological and behavioral behavioral and Electrophysiological -(+)-limonene. -myrcene, and d -(+)-limonene actedasadult - sit-and-wait predators. ioral experimentsmayyieldinsightintotheforagingbehavioroftheseimportant mantids tolocateforagingsites.Thecombinationofphysiologicaldatawithbehav- out behavioralexperimentstodeterminetheextentwhichvolatilesareusedby plant volatilesandfloralvolatiles)thatamantisantennacandetect. We alsocarried cies todevelopaclearerpictureoftherangevolatiles(includingherbivore-induced EAGs coupledwithgaschromatography-massspectrophotometryontwomantisspe- detect headspacevolatilescollectedfromavarietyofflowersandgrasses. We use prey habitat.Usingelectroantennograms(EAGs),weshowthatamantisantennacan knowledge noonehasexploredtheuseofolfactionbymantidsinlocationpreyor Although malemantidsareknowntodependonpheromonesformatelocation,our habitats. prey locate to cues volatile exploit spiders, crab and wasps including tors, cockroaches, whichrelyheavilyonchemicalcues.Inaddition,manyarthropodpreda- if mantidsdidnotuseolfactionwhenforaging,becausetheyaresistertaxatothe filamentous antennaethattheyorienttowardprey. Indeed,itwouldbesurprising long, have mantids that despite attention, little relatively received has contrast, in Olfaction, eyes. compound large, their of prominence the to due perhaps studied, well both visualandolfactoryinformationmaybeimportant.Visioninmantidshasbeen understood; poorly are site foraging a select to use mantids that cues The decrease. move toanewhuntingsiteinresponsehungerwhenlocalpreyabundances As sit-and-waitpredators,prayingmantidsspendmostoftheirtimeimmobile,yet Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofBiology, GeorgetownUniversity, Washington, DC Mallory HSandWeiss MR Olfaction: ANeglectedSenseinthePrayingMantis 171 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P42 172 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P44 and acquireCMV, butrapidlydispersetohigherquality(uninfected)hosts. be beneficialforthevirus,favoringtransmissionbyvectorsthatlocate infectedplants both theattractionandarrestmentofvectors.Thismanipulation hostseemsto pepo. Overall,ourfindingssuggestthatCMValtershostchemistryinways thataffect revealed thataphidsprefertoarrestandestablishonhealthyratherthan infectedC. that aphidpopulationsareloweroninfectedleaftissue,andfieldobservations plants undernormalfieldconditions.Growthexperimentswithaphidvectorsfound plants likelyhavesimilarodor-based apparencytoinsectvectorsrelativehealthy healthy plantsintheabsenceofheatstress.Theseresultssuggestthat,infected plants. Additionally, thecompositionofinfectedplantblendsissimilartothat that infectedplantsreleasemoretotalvolatilesperunitofplanttissuethanhealthy behavioral responsestoplantodorsandsurfaces.Analysesofvolatileindicate through experimentsthatassessedaphidpopulationgrowth,plantpreferences,and and twocommonvectorsofCMV(theaphidsMyzuspersicaeAphisgossypii) environments. We furtherexamined interactionsbetweenCMV-infected hostplants plant qualityandproductionofvolatilechemicalcuesinbothfieldgreenhouse cultivated host,Cucurbitapepocv. ‘Dixie’,documentingtheeffectsofCMVonhost tous, nonpersistentlytransmittedpathogen,Cucumbermosaicvirus(CMV)anda and antagonisticinteractions.We exploredtheseinteractionsbyusingtheubiqui- and herbivoresonacommonhostplantcreatesthepotentialforbothmutualistic and attractivenesstoinsectvectorsisakeyissue,thedependenceofpathogens limit opportunitiesforpathogentransmission.Theimpactofinfectiononplantquality management strategies,whichoftenfocusonmanipulatingvectorpopulationsto insect vectorsshouldinformthedevelopmentofeffectiveandsustainabledisease Improved understandingofthecomplexinteractionsamongplants,pathogens,and Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center Mauck K,escherandDeoraesC Manipulate InsectV Virus-Induced ChangesinHostChemistry:DoPlantiruses ectors throughaSharedHost? (2082.1), (Z 1-ols followedbyretentionindexpresentedinparentheseswasdeterminedas(Z,Z identified basingonratiosofdiagnosticmassions.Elutionorder4,8-tetradecadien- revealed thatallisomersof4,8-tetradecadien-1-olsandtheiracetatescouldby mass spectrawherem/z81fragmentsclearlydominated.Principalcomponentanalysis resonance aswellmassspectroscopymethods.Allfourisomersgavedistinctive were characterizedbygaschromatography, carbonandhydrogennuclearmagnetic and alcoholpreviouslyunknownassexpheromonesinLepidoptera.Syntheticproducts rycter cerassicolellafemalesindicatedpresenceof4,8-tetradecadien-1-ylacaetate GC-MS analysisoftwocompoundsreleasedduringcallingperiodsvirginPhyllono- forts searchingfornewattractantsincludingstructurallycompoundsareneeded. Phyllonorycter aretooscatteredtobemappedontothemothphylogeny, andmoreef - a matewiththephylogenyofgenus.However, dataconcerningsexattractantsof a goodopportunitytocomparethechemicalpatternofcompoundsusedforsearch phylogeny of77EuropeanPhyllonorycterspecieswaspublished(2),whichprovided chemodiversity ofsexpheromonecomponentsisexpected.Afewyearsago,molecular Altogether, 688Phyllonorycterspeciesareknownthroughouttheworld(1);so,high 2. Evolution57:1804–1821. 1. GlobalTaxonomic Databaseof Gracillariidae,http://gc.bebif.be. and as(E ( DB-WAX column.Theisomersof4,8-tetradecadien-1-ylacetateselutedintheorder (2124.3), (E as asexpheromonecomponentforleaf-miningmothofthisspecies. dien-1-yl acetatewasattractivetoPh.cerasicolellamales,andithasbeconsidered efficient attractantforPh.esperellaandsaportellamales.(4E Chrysoesthia drurellamales.(4E (4Z Field screeningtestsforattractivenessof4,8-tetradecadien-1-ylacetates showedthat Z,Z Corresponding author:[email protected] Faculty ofNaturalSciences,VilniusPedagogicalUniversity, LT-08106 Vilnius,Lithuania(RN) ogy, VilniusUniversity, Akademijos2,LT-2600 Vilnius,Lithuania (RM);DepartmentofBotany, Sweden (RM,IL,A-KB-K);LaboratoryofChemicalandBehaviouralEcology, InstituteofEcol- Stockholm, Technology,SE-10044 of Institute Royal Engineering, and Science Chemical of Ecological ChemistryGroup,DivisionofOrganicChemistry, DepartmentofChemistry, School Mozuraitis R,LiblikasINoreikaandBorg-KarlsonA-K Communication byMothsoftheGenusPhyllonorycter and CorrespondingAlcoholsTheirUseinChemical Chemical Characterizationof4,8-T ,8E )- (2176.1),(Z )-tetradeca-4,8-dien-1-yl acetatesignificantlyattractedPhyllonoryctercoryli and ˉ , E , , )- (2210.2),(Z E E )- (2082.8),(E )- (2157.7),(Z,Z , E )- (2178.4),(E , E , )- (2222.1),(E E )- (2083.1),and(E )- (2128.9),and(E ,8E , Z )- (2185.9),and(E )-Tetradeca-4,8-dien-1-yl acetatewasthemost , Z )- (2223.4),and(Z,Z etradecadien-1-yl Acetates , , Z Z )- (2083.2)fromunpolarSPB-1column )- (2135.9)fromDB-WAX columns. , E )- (2186.4)fromSPB-1and(Z )- (2224.7)frompolar ,8Z )-Tetradeca-4,8- , )- )- E )- )- 173 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P46 174 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P48 1. EntomolExpAppl(2002)104:181–192. egg-induced volatilesreleasedbymaize. attractive volatilestoT. remus.Furtherstudieswillfocusonthechemicalanalysisof induced volatiles.However, wecannotaffirmthat inducedplantsat18–22hrelease romonal effectofresiduesfromhosteggsandscales,butrathertothe releaseofegg the parasitoid’s responsetotheinducedplantat34–38hisdefinitelynotduekai - contrast, theeggmassesonlyattractedparasitoidat18–22h,which indicatethat sitoid attheintervals18–22and34–38h,51%ofsignificance, respectively. In The resultsshowedthattheodorsderivedfrominducedplantsattracted thepara- test. chi-square using analyzed were arm control and test between Choices bioassay. egg masseswereconsidered,andtheyremovedminutesbeforestartingthe oviposit onthemforaperiodof2hafterscotophase.Onlyplantswithtwotothree To obtaininducedmaize,plantswereplacedincageswithfour4-day-oldfemalesto both. or scales, eggs, from kairomones of residues to due were plants egg-induced intervals ofinduction)alsoweretestedtoverifywhetherthestimuliderivedfrom and 34–38h.Odorsemittedbyhosteggmassesatdifferentages(accordingtothe 18–22, 10–14, at masses egg 3) and plants, egg-induced 2) plant, undamaged 1) tested: were treatments following the from derived stimuli olfactory and replicates, period of10min.Theairflowwasadjustedto200ml/min.Bioassaysconsisted20 ter. Naïve3-day-oldfemalesweretestedsingly, andeachreplicate lastedamaximum and eggkairomonesonparasitoidsearchingwasinvestigatedinaY-tube olfactome- oviposition atintervalsof10–14,18–22and34–38h.Theeffectmaizevolatiles Telenomus remusNixontovolatilesfromplantsinducedbySpodopterafrugiperda This researchaimedtostudytheolfactoryresponseofspecialistegg-parasitoid (1). oviposition herbivore’s the after released volatiles plant to sitoid’sresponse intensely studiedoverthepastyears.Bycontrast,littleisknownaboutpara- been has herbivory by induced volatiles plant to enemies natural of Attraction Corresponding author:[email protected] Piracicaba, SãoPaulo,Brazil ESALQ/USP, Paulo, São de Universidade Queiroz”, de “Luiz Agricultura de Superior Escola Agrícola, Zoologia e Fitopatologia Entomologia, de Departamento Laboratory, Behavior Insect Peñaflor MFGVandBentoJMS the EggParasitoidTelenomus remusNixon(Hym.,Scelionidae) Oviposition dae), Fall Armyworm,Spodopterafrugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lep.,Noctui- I nduces nduces V olatile olatile E mission in in mission M aize aize T hat hat A ttracts ttracts

changes inleafnutritionalvaluetriggeredbyaphidfeedingisconsidered. plant. Therelativesignificanceofinductionplantsecondarymetabolitesand greater onpreviouslyinfestedleavescomparedwithsystemicofthesame leaves. Theinducedsusceptibilityisalocaleffect;aphidfecunditysignificantly (green) lineagesexperiencegreatersurvivorshipandfecundityonpreviouslyinfested ana leaves,andwefoundthatadultaphidsoftobacco-adapted(red)nonadapted single M.persicaeadultscagedonnaïveandpreviouslyinfestedNicotianabenthami- aphid manipulationofplantsource–sinkrelationships.We comparedthefecundityof from resulting changes nutritional to due be may susceptibility plant aphid-induced ( enhanced performanceofaphids(MyzuspersicaeandSiphaflava)caterpillars pathways, defense plant of activation the in result can feeding aphid Although Spodoptera exigua)hasbeenreportedonplantspreviouslyinfestedwithaphids.This Corresponding author:[email protected] of PlantBiology, CornellUniversity, Ithaca,NY(JR,GJ) Boyce ThompsonInstituteforPlantResearch,Tower Road,Ithaca,NY(JR,GJ);Department Ramsey JSandJanderG Aphid-Induced phidSusceptibilityinNicotianabenthamiana 175 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P50 176 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P52 1. JPestSci(2003)76:89–99. only inadjacentareas. recorded, were areas experimental in attacks No flight. in selection forI.typographus assumed range,thussupportingthehypothesisofNHVservingasasignalinhabitat NHV. TheSwedishdataindicate anactiveinhibitingrangeexceedingtheprevious were treatedwithIT-Rep dispensers(Fytofarm,Slovakia)containingverbenoneand reduction ofattackedtreescouldbereportedingroupsstandedgesthat support previousresultsfromtheCzechRepublicin2001(1).Astatisticallysignificant Mountains inSlovakiaand2007southeasternSweden.Theresults ments toprotectstandedgeswithNHVwereperformedin2006and2007theTatra could beusedtodeterflyingbeetlesfromdetectingvulnerablehosttrees.Experi- angiosperm treesmaybeasignalservinginhabitatselection,andthesevolatiles from (NHV) volatiles nonhost to The well-knownnegativeresponseofI.typographus abies) forestsagainstmassattacksoftheaggressivebarkbeetleIpstypographus. Until now, nomethodsweredevelopedtoactivelyprotectNorwayspruce(Picea Corresponding author:[email protected] of Kalmar, SchoolofPureandAppliedNaturalSciences,Biology, Kalmar, Sweden(CRU) tute ofForestEcologytheSlovakAcademySciences,Zvolen,Slovakia(MB,RJ);University Swedish UniversityofAgriculturalSciences,ChemicalEcology, Alnarp,Sweden(CS,FS);Insti- Schiebe C,BlaženecM,JakušRUneliusCandchlyterF Edges byNonhostV Inhibiting IpstypographusAttackonNorwaySprucetand olatiles significant implicationsfordiseasedynamicsinnaturalsystems. the NPTIIItransgenefromcultivatedsquashesintowildpopulationshaspotentially significant geneflowbetweenwildandcultivatedcucurbittaxaintrogression of susceptibility toE.tracheiphila,onplant–pathogen–vectorinteractions.Thereis fects oftheNPTIIItransgene,whichconfersviralresistanceandthusmayincrease species thatvectorZYMVinanonpersistentmanner. We arealsoexploringtheef- one ofonlytwoconfirmedvectorsE.tracheiphila,andonseveralgeneralistaphid induced volatileprofilesonthebehaviorofcucumberbeetle,Acalymmavittatum, of infectionbyE.tracheiphila.We arecurrentlyexploringthe effectsofpathogen- finding aspreviousstudieshaveshownthatviralinfectionreducessubsequentrates tile profilesimilartothatofplantsinfectedbyZYMValone,apotentiallysignificant tile signaturesforeachpathogen.Plantsinfectedbybothpathogensemittedavola- disease, andzucchiniyellowmosaicvirus(ZYMV),wedocumenteddistinctvola- in responsetoinfectionsbyErwiniatracheiphila,thecausalagentofbacterialwilt squashes, cultivated the of progenitor native wild gourdCucurbitapepossp.texana, vectors andthusmediatediseasetransmission.We examinedvolatileinductioninthe examine howpathogen-inducedvolatilesinfluencethebehaviorofinsectdisease vores, andherbivorenaturalenemies,butonlyrecentlyhaveinvestigatorsbegunto Plant volatilescuesareknowntomediateinteractionsamongplants,insectherbi- Corresponding author:[email protected] The PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA (AGS) University Park,PA (LRS,CDM,MCM);CenterforChemicalEcology, DepartmentofBiology, University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center Shapiro LR,tephensonAGDeMoraesCandescher of InsectV Impacts ofPathogen-nducedPlantV ectors olatiles ontheBehavior 177 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P54 178 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P56 for thenettlecaterpillar. predict population-expansion/risk-assessmentforestablishingquarantine protocols collected canbeusedtooptimizedeploymentofdetection/controlstrategies andto twice afastasthemountainpopulation.Bothbehavioralandecological data differences inpopulationexpansion.Thecoastaltransectradiatedatleast tion boundariesofthemothpopulationsalongthesetransectsshowedsignificant areas withrelationtoelevationandmicroclimate.Comparingthe8090%popula- new into radiation and fluctuations population of aspects measured Hawai’i eastern where allthreespeciesarepresent.Mountainandcoastaltransectsestablishedin provide amechanismbywhichD.pallivittamaintainsreproductiveisolationinareas This isamuchlatercommunicationperiodthanforD.bradleyiandtrimamay female callingbehavior, showedpeakactivities6–7haftertheonsetofscotophase. Captures ofmalemothsintrapsbaitedwithlivefemales,anddirectobservations m. 5 and 3 at traps the with compared m, 1 at suspended traps in caught being males over forest.Microlocationpreferenceswerealsofoundfortrapheight,with>65%of lure showedavegetationpreferencefortall-grassfieldsandforest/grassinterfaces by usingthisattractivelure.MalecapturesinJacksontrapsbaitedwiththesynthetic D. pallivittahasmadeitpossibletoinvestigatethephenologyorpopulationdynamics stings. Identificationofthepheromonecomponentn-butyl(E painful cause can that hairs urticating their to due hazard health human a poses and Southeast Asia,D.pallivittacaterpillarscausedefoliationofornamentalnurserystock invasive pestwithestablishedpopulationsonthreeHawai’ianislands.Indigenousto The nettlecaterpillar, Darnapallivitta(Moore)(Lepidoptera:Limacodidae),isan Corresponding author:[email protected] Biology, JamesMadisonUniversity, Harrisonburg,VA (LAS) of Department (PC), HI Hilo, Agriculture, of Department Hawaii (EBJ); HI Hilo, APHIS–PBARC, Department ofChemistry, EasternMennoniteUniversity, Harrisonburg, VA (MSS);USDA– Siderhurst MS,JangEB,ConantP, andSiderhurstLA Darna pallivitta(Moore),inHawai’i Population and Phenology R adiation of the the of adiation N ettle Caterpillar, Caterpillar, ettle )-7,9-decadienoate from from )-7,9-decadienoate are presentinP. nudicaulepetalsmaybeformedfromacommonC in yellowflowerpetals(2)evokesthehypothesisthatbothnudicaulinsandflavonols similarity ofthenonindolicnudicaulinsubstructuretoflavonoidsthatarepresentalso 3. Planta(2004)218:721–728. 2. Phytochemistry(2006)67:191–201. 1. Phytochemistry(1981)20:1461–1462. (7th FrameworkProgram)toECT(BIOSYN-NUDICAUL project221274). This workissupportedbyaMarieCurieIntraEuropeanFellowship(IEF)fromEuropean Union HPLC-DAD. using HPLC-DAD,LC-MS,andNMRdataquantitativelyanalyzedby theuseof grown withorwithoutsupplementalUV-B radiation.Themetabolitesareidentified pigments areexaminedofthedifferentcolouredflowergardenvarieties, whichwere growth chamberconditions.Thequalitativeandquantitativedifferences offlower different colouredvarietiesofP. nudicaule isstudiedinnatureandundercontrolled In thepresentwork,influenceofUV-B radiationonchemicalcompositionof compounds. screening UV as nudicaulins of role ecological the determine to important on thechemicalcompositionofflowersdifferentcolouredpetalvarieties willbe harmful solarradiation.Theinvestigationofthepotentialinfluence UVradiation poppy raisesthequestionofwhethernudicaulinsareinvolvedinprotectionagainst of nudicaulins,whicharestructurallyrelatedtoflavonoids,inpetalstheIcelandic known forprotectingplantsagainstharmfulUV-B radiation(3).Hence,theoccurrence well are flavonoids, as such compounds, phenolic located Epidermal trait. fitness a as enhance theattractivenessofflowerstopollinatorsandthereforecanbeconsidered interaction betweendifferentorganisms.Nudicaulinaccumulationinpetalsseemsto ecological in roles diverse playing or attacks insect or animal discouraging substances as naringeninchalcone.Generally, alkaloidsaregenerallyacceptedasprotective of nudicaulin structure Aglycon Corresponding author:[email protected] Max PlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology, Jena,Germany T of PapavernudicauleFlowers Effect ofUV atsis ECandSchneiderB -B RadiationonthePhytochemicalPatterninPetals to be derived the phenylpropanoid-polyketide route. The The route. phenylpropanoid-polyketide the derived be to seems molecule the of part nonindolic the and structure, The nudicaulins(seestructure)containanindolicsub- (2). nudicaulins of occurrence the to mainly attributed are pelargonidin (1),andpaleyellowpetalsofthewildform of glycosides of presence the to due are petals coloured orange, darkandpaleyellowwhiteflowers.Red- landscapes). GardenvarietiesofP. red, show nudicaule (alpine altitudes high and landscapes Arctic Northern to native is that plant a is Iceland poppy (Papaver ) nudicaule 6 -C 3 -C 6 precursor, 179 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P58 180 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P60 tors (pinII),arginase,alleneoxidecyclase,andlipoxygenase(Lox),inthetrichome. real-time PCRwasusedtotestaseriesofdefensiveproteins,e.g.,proteinaseinhibi- trichome densityonthegrowthandsurvivalofearlyinstarsH.zea.Quantitative ing caterpillarstoaffecttheirabilitysecretesaliva.We alsotestedtheeffectsof We testedtheeffectofsalivaon theinductionoftrichomesbysurgicallymanipulat- leaves. new in density trichome increasing by damage to respond species some tively, against damagefromherbivores.Althoughmostplantsproducetrichomesconstitu- the epidermisofaerialtissues;theycanserveseveralfunctions,includingprotection from extend that structures hair-like are nonglandular, and glandular both Trichomes, Corresponding author:[email protected] University Park,PA 16801 Center forChemicalEcology, DepartmentofEntomology, PennState University, T Role ofGlandularT Inducing T ian DandFeltonG omato DefensebyHelicoverpazea: richomes shape habitatselection,andleadtoeventualsympatricspeciation. insects, polyphagous by choice host influence could metamorphosis through memory Our resultshavebothecologicalandevolutionaryimplications,becauseretentionof organization andpersistenceofthecentralnervoussystemduringmetamorphosis. survives metamorphosisinLepidoptera,provokesintriguingnewquestionsaboutthe The presentstudy, thefirsttodemonstrateconclusivelythatassociativememory development. larval in later until produced not are that brain the of regions involves recall postmetamorphic that idea the with consistent adults, as odor the avoid not as thirdinstarsstillshowedodoraversionaftertwomolts,fifthinstars,butdid caterpillars resultedinachangebehavior. Inaddition,wereportthatlarvaetrained as neitherapplicationofodorantstonaïvepupaenorwashingthetrained environment, larval the from chemicals of carryover from result not did aversion adult to avoidthetrainingodor, andthatthisaversionwasstillpresentintheadults.The Y-choice apparatusaslarvaeandagainadultmoths.We showthatlarvaelearned acetate tocreateaconditionedodoraversion,andwereassayedforlearningin ethyl of odor the with paired associatively shock electrical an received caterpillars adulthood viamaintenanceofintactsynapticconnections.Fifth-instarManducasexta to chemicalsfromthelarvalenvironment,orassociativelearningtransferred possible mechanismsthatcouldunderliesuchbehavior:exposureofemergingadults ence canpersistthroughpupationintoadulthoodinLepidoptera,andassessestwo both morphologyandlifestyle.Thecurrentstudyexamineswhetherlarvalexperi- Insects thatundergocompletemetamorphosisexperienceenormouschangesin Corresponding author:[email protected] Forsyth Institute,Boston,MA(DJB) Department ofBiology, GeorgetownUniversity, Washington, DC(DJB,ESC,MRW);The Blackiston DJ,CaseyES,andWeiss MR Can aMothRememberWhatItSmelledasCaterpillar? Retention ofOlfactoryMemorythroughetamorphosis:

181 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P62 182 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P64 1. Science276:945–949. lar itself.Recently, wedemonstratedthatN this apparentecologicaldisadvantageratherthanonpossiblebenefitforthecaterpil- were initiallyidentifiedasplantvolatileelicitorsandresearchhasbeenfocusedon Fatty acidaminoconjugates(FACs)(1) inregurgitantoflarvalSpodopteraexigua these samecompoundsformaximizednitrogenassimilation. to detectandresponddifferentfattyacidamidestheinsect’s dependenceon may giveusahinttounderstandtheevolutionaryinterplaybetween plantsability relatively bigcaterpillars),andmostofwhicharevastlypolyphagous. These results volicitin, werefoundonlyinMacrolepidopteraspecies(whicharewelldevelopedand lated fattyacidconjugates,and3)both.Interestingly, hydroxylatedFACs, including evolutionary patternsbasedonacquirementof1)glutamateconjugates,2)hydroxy- molecules aretheprimarystructureofFACs. However, therewereseveraladditional leoyl- terns intheirgutcontents.GlutamineconjugatessuchasN 26 lepidopteranspeciesandfound17ofthesetohaveFACs invariouspat- insects livingonnitrogen-poorleaves.Inthisinvestigation,wescreenedFACs through Efficient useofnitrogenresourcesmightbeavitalissueforcertainphytophagous specialized morphologyandecologytomaximizedfeeding,metabolism,growth. best understoodinthecontextoflepidopteranlarvalstagesthatarethoroughly tion inS.lituralarvae,oneofthemostnotoriouspestsJapan.Thisresultmightbe function asimportantintermediatesthatenhancetheefficiencyofnitrogenassimila- Corresponding author:[email protected] Park, PA 16802(JHT) University University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Department Ecology, Chemical for Center (HTA); 32604 FL Gainesville, Agriculture, of Department U.S. Service, Research Agricultural Entomology, Veterinary and Agricultural, Medical, of Center (NY, NM); Japan RN, 606-8502, Kyoto, University, Kyoto Agriculture, of School Graduate Sciences, Life Applied Y Conjugates inLepidopteranCaterpillars Function andEvolutionaryDiversityofFattyAcidmino oshinaga N,ishidaRAlbornHT L -glutamine seemedtobecommonallthesespecies,suggestingthat -linolenoyl- andN , T umlinson JH,andMoriN -linolenoyl- andN -linoleoyl- L -glutamine -lino- 7. J.Chem.Ecol.(2006)32:1779–1795. 6. ActaChem.Scand.(1993)47:138–144 5. Tree Physiol.(2006)26:977–988. 4. Oecologia(2006)148:426–436. 3. PlantPhysiol.(1999)121:565–569. 2. Agric.For. Entomol.(2001)3:211–216. 1. For. Ecol.Manag.(1987)22:89–106. of α neither MeJAapplicationnorfungalinfectionchangedtheenantiomeric compositions major terpenes,butitdidnotchangetherelativeamountoftheseterpenes. However, tion increasedtheabsoluteamountofα observed inScotspineafterLeptographiumwingfieldiiinoculation(7).MeJAapplica- monoterpenes increasedinsamplesfromfungusinoculatedtrees,similartowhatis binene, andterpinolene.Bothmeanabsoluteamountsrelativeofthese sition. C.polonicainfectionsignificantlyincreasedthebiosynthesisof3-carene,sa- MeJA applicationandC.polonicainfectionhadcertaineffectsontheterpenecompo- β samples wasanalyzedbyGC-MS,andtheenantiomericcompositionsofα tree: onthesamedayastreatmentand1molater. Theterpenecompositionofallthe used asuntreatedcontrol,respectively. Phloemsamplesweretakentwicefromeach 2006. ThethreegroupsweretheninoculatedwithC.polonica,sprayedMeJA,or abies treesofsimilarsize,werechoseninTönnersjöheden, southernSweden,inMay MeJA applicationinthephloemofmatureNorwayspruce,threegroups,each24P. colonization (3,4,5).To studytheinducedchemicalchangesafterfungalinfectionand could induceacquiredresistanceanddecreasesubsequentfungalorbarkbeetle doses ofCeratocystispolonicainfectionormethyljasmonate(MeJA)application beetle andtheirassociatedfungi(1,2).Previousresearchhasprovedthatcertain Induced reactionsinthephloemisabasicmechanismofconiferresistancetobark -pinene, andlimonenewereanalyzedby2D-GC(6).Theresultindicatedthatboth Corresponding author:[email protected] Institute, N-1432Ås,Norway(HS,EC) landsacpe and Research Forest Norwegian (BL); Sweden Uppsala, 07 SE-750 Sciences, tural 44 Stockholm,Sweden(TZ,AKBK);DepartmentofEcology, SwedishUniversityofAgricul- Ecological ChemistryGroup,DepartmentofChemistry, RoyalInstituteofTechnology, SE-100 and ChristiansenE Zhao T Chemical ChangesinthePhloemofNorwaySpruce,Piceaabies Fungal InfectionandMethylJasmonateApplicationnduce -pinene, β , Borg-KarlsonAK,LångströmB,SolheimH -pinene, andlimoneneinthephloemofNorwayspruce. -pinene, β -pinene, limonene,andsomeother -pinene, -pinene, 183 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI POSTER SESSION P66 184 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Phylogenetic Analyses 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building Department ofEcologyandEvolutionary Biology, of PlantDefenseand Insect HostRange Cornell University, Ithaca,NY Chair: Anuraggrawal, 3 SYMPOSIUM WEDNESDAY, 20 AUGUST 185 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 186 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 beetles. Dynaminelarvaeseemtoredeploytheresinsfortheirowndefense. Neptidopsis (paleotropics)larvae(bothLepidoptera:Nymphalidae)andcurculionid most speciesarestillfedonsuccessfullybyspecializedDynamine(neotropics)and anthesis. Despitethesemultiplelayersofdefense,flowersanddeveloping seedsof ing hairsontheenvelopingsepals,and5)nocturnalclosureofinvolucral bractsduring sepals, 3)stickyterpenoidresinssecretedbyenveloping4)detachable irritat- enveloping involucralbracts,followedbytheadditionof2) pistillate closed, 1) seeds: developing and flowers of defenses escalating of pattern a reveals ized lepidopteranlarvaeandleaf-cuttingants.Examinationofthewholegenusalso also deployedthesameresininathirdfunction:defenseofleavesfromspecial- with atleasttwoindependentoriginsofthisnoveldefensesystem.Onecladehas Subsequently, however, thissameresinwasdeployedindefense ofdevelopingseeds, defense. floral for useless it rendered resin the of attractiveness the improved that involved indefendingstaminateflowerswhenbud.Morphologicaladaptations resins pre-existing from originated that innovation key a be to seems species champia terpenoid resinscollectedbybeesfornestconstruction)usedmostextantDale- pigments (asseenalsoinmaples).Thepollinatorreward(mixturesofoxygenated show correlatedevolutionofblossompigmentsandpleiotropicallyrelatedvegetative influenced bytheevolutionofprotectiveanthocyanins:macroevolutionaryanalyses of theinvolucralbractsinvolvedinadvertisingflowerstopollinatorsmayhavebeen well asviceversa,atbothmicro-andmacroevolutionaryscales.Evolutionofthecolor gest thatadaptationsforpollinationcaninfluencerelationshipswithherbivores,as floral chemistry, pollination,andherbivoryofDalechampiavines(Euphorbiaceae)sug - adaptations forpollinationcaninfluenceplant–herbivoreinteractions.Studiesofthe major effectsonthelong-termevolutionofplant–pollinatorinteractionsorwhether fects onplantreproductioninecologicaltime,itislessclearwhetherherbivoreshave Although anumberofrecentstudieshaveshownthatherbivoresimportantef- Corresponding author:[email protected] Arctic Biology, UniversityofAlaska, Fairbanks,AK of Institute and UK; Portsmouth, Portsmouth, of University Sciences, Biological of School Armbruster WS and PollinationSystemsinDalechampiaVines(Euphorbiaceae) Secondary ChemistryLinkstheMacroevolutionofDefense increases, speciestendtobemorechemicallydiverseandcomplex. these beetlesarehighlyspecializedandtheprobabilityofhighdamagetoplant ecological interactionsbetweentheseplantsandinsects.Incommunitieswhere or complexity. Overall,thedegreeofdiversity/complexityseemstoberelated produced perspecies.Also,manylineageshavenotincreasedtheirchemicaldiversity through time,buttheyalsoshowthattherehasbeenadecreaseofnewcompounds diversity andcomplexityofchemicaldefensesintheseplantshaveincreasedslightly sity andcomplexityofchemicalcompoundsproduced.Resultsshowthattheaverage somelid herbivorestotestwhethertherehasbeenahistoricalincreaseinthediver the coevolvedinteractionbetweentropicalgenusofplantsBurseraandtheirchry- Nevertheless, thereisalmostnodatayetconfirmingthisarmsraceparadigm.Iused effective. more become have also counteradapt to herbivores for abilities the that and diversity andcomplexityofdefensesinplantshaveescalatedoverevolutionarytime One ofthecentralparadigmsinfieldplant–herbivoreinteractionsisthat Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofBiosphere2,UniversityArizona,Tucson, AZ85721 Becerra JX Blepharida BeetlesonBursera The EvolutionaryPlayandthecologicalheater: - 187 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 188 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 1. Evolution(1964)18:586–608. answers/generalizations aboutthosequestionsareemergingfromthatevidence. herbivore/host plantassociations,and3)determinetheextenttowhichquantifiable least extensivelysample)therecentaccumulationofphylogeneticstudiesinsect- questions andhypothesesthathasemergedfromthisliterature,2)catalog(orat attempt to1)enumerateandclassifytheprofusionofbroadrangeevolutionary lineages. Ouremphasishereisonthesecond,“meta-phylogenetic”approach.We relative frequenciesofalternativeevolutionarypatternsacrossabroadsampling therein, willrequirebothin-depthanalysisofselectedsystemsandestimationthe full characterizationoftheevolutioninsecthostplantuse,androlechemistry chemical, and histories life insect phytophagous of diversity great the Given lineages. has beenrapidproliferationofphylogeneticstudiesinteractinginsectandplant in partbytheincreasingaccessibilityofmolecularsystematicdataandmethods,there evolutionary processenvisionedbyEhrlichandRaven.Sincetheearly1990s,spurred ics beginninginthe1970sand1980s,therearoseincreasinginterestlong-term ecological consequences.Subsequently, inparallelwiththeresurgenceofphylogenet - nisms ofthoseinteractions,especiallytheroleplantsecondarychemistry, andtheir and Raven’s (1)essayoncoevolutionfocusedatfirstmainlytheproximatemecha- The dramaticexpansionofresearchoninsect/plantinteractionspromptedbyEhrlich Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,MD Mitter CandWinklerI Their InferredChemicalBasis:ASynopsisofRecentEvidence Phylogenetic PatternsofInsect-Herbivore/Plantnteractionand and thediversificationofPieridaebutterflyfamily. pressures ofanadaptivetrait,whichfacilitatedecologicallyimportant hostshift ated abroadanddetailedsketchoftheevolutionaryoriginsongoing selection duplication isoneofthedrivingforcesforspeciationandadaptation. We havegener is adynamic,ongoingbirthdeathprocessandweprovidedirectevidencethatgene libraries allowedusarobustphylogeneticanalysis.NSP-likegenefamilyevolution of thisfamilycanbefoundacrossInsecta.GenerationcDNAlibrariesandgenomic specific genefamilywecharacterizedandnamedNSP-relatedfamily. Members numbers comparedwithrelatedclades.We foundNSPtobeamemberofaninsect glucosinolate-feeding Pierinaefollowed,resultinginsignificantlyelevatedspecies tion ofthehostplantgroup(Brassicales)(10Myr).Anadaptiveradiationthese different temporalestimates,NSPseemstohaveevolvedshortlyaftertheevolu- distribution ofglucosinolatesinhostplantsacrossPieridae.Moreover, byusingfive them tofeedonplantsintheorderBrassicales.ButterflyNSPactivitymatches glucosinolates tonitrilesratherthantoxicisothiocyanatesincaterpillarguts,enabling (NSP), asakeyinnovation.NSPredirectsthehydrolysisofplantchemicaldefense we identifyapieridglucosinolatedetoxificationmechanism,nitrile-specifierprotein Pieridae, the systems, plant butterfly-host original their of one Using lineages. bivore and thatnewlyevolveddetoxificationmechanismsresultinadaptiveradiationofher herbivores, insect in adaptation biochemical by closely followed is defenses chemical The unresolvedcentraltenetofEhrlichandRaven’s theoryisthatevolutionofplant level. molecular a on interaction species of evolution the study to opportunity cellent The interactionsbetweenplantsandtheirspecialistinsectherbivoresprovideanex- Corresponding author:[email protected] University, UniversityPark,PA (CWW) State Pennsylvania The Sciences, Biological of (HV, Department HMF, Germany DGH); Jena, Department ofEntomology, Max-PlanckInstituteofChemicalEcology, BeutenbergCampus, V Coevolutionary KeyInnovation Evolutionary OriginsandGeneticBasisofaPlant–Insect ogel H,FischerHMeckelDGandWheatCW - - 189 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 190 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 4. Science(2005)308:560–563. 3. Trends EcolEvol(2006)21:585–592. 2. EcolLett(2001)4:277–287. 1. ProcNatlAcadSciUSA(1998)95:8676–8680. were lesscommonlyexploited. quality hosts.Thismodelisconfirmed bytheobservationthathigh-rewardhostspecies against lesswelladaptedexploiters,whichcan,however, havehighersuccessonlow- mechanisms amongfitness-relevanttraitsofbothpartnerscanstabilize mutualisms mutualist, butnotaparasite,couldinduceEFNflow. Aclosedloopofpositivefeedback Hosts producingmoreEFNwereaggressivelydefendedbytheir inhabitants, anda mutualists. ant defending for produce they that thorns hollow and bodies, food EFN, of less dependentonhostquality. Ontheplantside,hostspeciesdifferedinamount on thehost-deriveddiet,whereasparasitesalsouseexternalfoodsources andthusare mutualists. Invertaseinmutualistsislostduringontogeny, andmutualistsfullydepend invertase inlarvaeofallspeciesandworkersparasitesgeneralists, butnot workers ofparasitesandgeneralistspossessedenzymaticactivity. Sucroseinduced physiology: mutualistworkerslackedthesucrose-cleavingenzymeinvertase, whereas and generalistspreferredsucrose.Thesepreferencesarecausedbythe ants’digestive nectar (EFN)(4).Mutualistworkersdiscriminatedagainstsucrose,whereasparasites the stabilizationofmutualisms.Acaciamyrmecophytessecretesucrose-freeextrafloral for theexistenceofcheaters,andsystem,thus,obviouslycomprisesmechanisms by nondefendingants.AmolecularphylogenyofPseudomyrmexrevealednoevidence obligate ant–plantmutualismsandfacultativeexploitationofhostplants Mesoamerican speciesofthesetwogeneraformdifferentassociations:facultativeand mutualisms andthestrategiesthatareusedbyexploitersofmutualisms,because inhabitants areanidealsystemtostudyquestionsonthestabilityofsuchdefensive tions, cheatersareuncommon(3).AcaciamyrmecophytesandtheirPseudomyrmexant tion ismade,itbecomesclearthat,inanobviouscontradictiontotheoreticalexpecta- invaded thesystemwithouthavinganevolutionaryhistoryasamutualist.Ifthisdistinc- from formermutualiststhatceasedtheservice,whereas“parasites”areexploiters a mutualismagainstitandusetheterm“cheater”exclusivelyforexploitersthatevolved that thephylogenetichistoryofanexploiterdetermineswhichmechanismcanstabilize whereas otherspredictedhighexploitationratesforhigh-rewardmutualisms(2).Iargue mutualism toevolve,increasedinvestmentinapartnermustyieldreturns(1), the Prisoner’s dilemmaapproachwithnaturalfeaturesofmutualismspredictedthat,for cies thatusethehost-derivedrewardswithoutrenderingaservice.Modelscombining are, however, believedtobeincontinuousdangerofdestabilizationbyexploiters,spe- Many defensiveplantstrategiesdependonplant–carnivoremutualisms.Mutualisms Corresponding author:[email protected] Irapuato, Guanajuato,México 36821, CP Norte, Libramiento 9.6 Km. CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Genética, Ingeniería de Depto. Heil M Histories intheAcacia–PseudomyrmexSystem Parasites ofaMutualism:StrategiesandPhylogenetic vores, andsuggestsarevisionofclassicplantdefensetheory. new windowintotheongoingcoevolutionarydynamicsbetweenplantsandherbi- of macroevolutionaryescalatingregrowthabilityanddecliningresistanceprovidesa to theimportanceofnaturalenemiesinmacroevolutionspecies.Thefinding logical approachestodiscoverdirectionaltrendsintheevolutionoflife,andpoints regrowth ability. Ourneontologicalapproachcomplementsmorecommonpaleonto- potent resistancetraits(cardenolides,latex,andtrichomes),anescalationof likelihood methods.Ourmainfindingisapatternofphyleticdeclineinthethreemost maximum using by theory defense of predictions major four test and milkweed of damage, and3)plantgrowthrate.We constructamolecularphylogenyof38species specific predictionsconcerning1)investmentinresistancetraits,2)recoveryafter theories, phylogeneticanalyseshavenotbeenpreviouslyattemptedtodisentangle tion process.Despitemacroevolutionarypatternsbeinganexplicitpartofdefense and Vermeij havehypothesizedthatdefensivetraitsescalatethroughthediversifica- classic propositionsofenemydrivenevolutionarydynamics,bothEhrlichandRaven and diversityofsecondarychemistryotherdefensivetraits.Forexample,intheir distribution, abundance, in variation remarkable the explain to formulated been have to battleconsumptionbyherbivores.Overthepast50years,plantdefensetheories Being thebasalresourceinmostfoodwebs,plantshaveevolvedmyriadstrategies Corresponding author:[email protected] Portland StateUniversity, Portland, OR(MF) and DepartmentofEntomology, CornellUniversity, Ithaca,NY(AAA);DepartmentofBiology, Department ofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology, CornellCenterforaSustainableFuture, Agrawal AAandFishbeinM Phylogenetic EscalationandDeclineofPlantefenseStrategies 191 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 192 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 both positiveandnegativeselectionpressuresactingonantiherbivoredefensesinoaks. That defensivetraitsarebothgainedandlostthroughoutevolutionaryhistorysuggests convergence. in evolved have herbivory generalist against effective are that defenses from weakconservatismtolability. ThisstudyshowsthatwithinQuercus,manyleaf however, analysisofeachtheindividualdefensivetraitssuggestedtrendsranging defense; leaf total on convergence of degree high a revealed PCA-1 of contrast pendent presence anddamagecausedbythesemoregeneralizedfeeders.Aphylogeneticinde- damage. Aprincipalcomponentsaxis(PCA-1)ofallninedefensivetraitspredictedthe but itdidnotpredictchewing,mining,andphloemfeeding(i.e.,moregeneralist)leaf gallers, specialist of abundance and presence the predicted native oak(Quercuslobata) local the to distance Phylogenetic oaks. of phylogeny a onto mapped were interactions mature, non-nativeoaksinacommongarden.Eachoftheseaspectsplant–herbivore Nine leafdefensivetraitsaswelldamageweremeasuredacross57speciesof herbivores. against defenses these of effectiveness the assessing while framework netic tism orlabilityofleafdefensivetraitsinoaks(Quercus)byusinganexplicitlyphyloge- herbivore regimes.Thisstudyattemptstoassessthedegreeofevolutionaryconserva- on thevariationoftraitswithinspecies—oftentoexplainlocaladaptationdiffering patterns ofhostusebyspecialistherbivores.Converselymicroevolutionarystudiesfocus of defensivetraits,asevolutionarilyconserveddefensescouldpartiallyexplainthe conservatism the on focused predominantly have studies Macroevolutionary ecology. cal The macroevolutionofantiherbivoredefenseshasbeenalong-standingtopicinchemi- Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, UniversityofCalifornia,OneShieldsAve., Davis,CA95616 Pearse IS The MacroevolutionofLeafDefensive raits inOaks 193 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI symposium 3 194 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI and Mark Sanford Eigenbrode,UniversityofIdaho,Moscow, ID; Mescher, Penn State University, University Park, PA Disease T 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building Chemical Ecologyof ransmission Chairs: Chairs: 4 SYMPOSIUM THURSDAY, 21 AUGUST 195 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 196 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI SYMPOSIUM 4 2. Proc.R.Soc.Ser. B(1992)269:455–460. 1. Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am. (1998)91:661–667. stages ofinfectioncouldaffectpatterns ofvirusspread. potato leafrolldisease.Varying vectorresponsivenesstoVOCfromplantsatdifferent tion (4)mayexplainthispatternin aphid responsetoplantsduringtheprogressionof requirement foraVOCblendthatincludes monoterpenestoreduceM.persicaeemigra- blend detectedat4weekshadthe greatest relativeproportionofmonoterpenes.The monoterpenes andsesquiterpenesintheblendshiftedduringdisease progression.The volatiles, leaf green of proportion relative The plants. sham-inoculated from than plants infection. Thereafter, totaltrappedVOCpergram increasedmorerapidlyfrominfected relative composition.VOCwereindistinguishablebetweentreatments 2weeksafter and infectionbasedontotalamountofVOCtrappedpergramplant tissueandonthe lated controlsatanystageofinfection.HeadspaceVOCchangedduring development leaflets emigrationratesdidnotdifferbetweenPLRV-infected plantsandsham-inocu- at 4wkafterinfection,butnot2,6or8infection.Inbioassays usinglower per leaflets,aphidemigrationwasreducedoninfectedplantsascompared withcontrols (4th nodefromterminus)andlowerthesoilline).Inbioassays usingup- confirm infectionstatus.Leafletsfromthetwolocationsinplant weretested:upper plants (2,4,and8wkafterinfectiononly)planttissueswerecollected forELISAto function. Immediatelyafterthebioassay, headspacevolatileswerecollectedfromentire estimated byfittingcumulativenumberofaphidsemigratingtoanexponentialdecay surface andweresubsequentlyremovedfromthetestarena.Emigrationrates leaf. Aphidswereconsideredtohaveemigratediftheynolongerovertheleaflet 10 minfor1hdocumentingthenumberofaphidsthatemigratedfromtreatment suspended overthesurfaceoftreatmentleaflets.Observationswererecordedevery Tests wereconductedindarknesswiththirtyaphidsbeingplacedonascreenedfloor experiment. the during simultaneously available were stages infection all of Plants controls. as used were aphids nonviruliferous with sham-inoculated were which plants, plants duringthecourseofinfectionfrom2,4,6and8wkafterinoculation.Noninfected study, weexaminedthechangesinM.persicaeresponsestoPLRV-infected potato response bytheaphidssimilartothatobservedininfectedplantheadspace(4).Inthis VOC, ratherthanindividualcomponentsoftheblend,arerequiredtoelicitanarrestant plants asthestimulustowhichaphidsareresponding(2,3).Combinationsofthese virus infection-inducedchangesinreleaseofvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)fromthe dark inabioassaywhichaphidcontactwiththeleafletsisprevented,thusimplicating occur (2).DifferentialemigrationawayfromPLRV-infected leafletsoccurseveninthe tion toward,andlowerratesofemigrationawayfrom,leafletsPLRV-infected plants with PLRVcomparednoninfectedcontrolplants(1,3).Bothgreaterratesofimmigra- (PLRV). Theseaphidspreferentiallysettleonpotatoplants(Solanumtuberosum)infected The greenpeachaphid,Myzuspersicae,istheprincipalvectorofPotatoleafrollvirus Corresponding author:[email protected] ID. Moscow, Idaho, of University Sciences, Entomological and Soil Plant, Eigenbrode SD,Werner BJ,Bosque-PérezNA,andDingH virus inPotato roll leaf Disease ProgressionandtheChemicalEcologyofPotato 4.J.Chem.Ecol. (2007)33:1733–1747. 3.Environ.Entomol. (2006)35:546–553

adequate pestand viralcontrolstrategies. dispersal andvirus epidemiology. To unravelthemwould contributetothedesignof the plant–virus–vector systemwithinthefoodweb. All theseprocessesaffectvector evolution ofvirulenceinviruses relation tovectorselection,andinteractionsof interactions, plant–virus–vector of coevolution plants, healthy and infected to tion enemies towardinfectedplants,the effectofinfectionvectorsontheirattrac- natural of attraction on virus of effect the understand to needed is research Further dispersal. virus of probability the increasing thus them, to attraction enhance and involve metabolicchangesthatpromote performanceofvectorsoninfectedplants in vector-borne plantvirusestopromotetheirownspread.These mechanismswould esize thatmechanismstoalleviateanti-herbivoreplantdefencesmay have evolved adaptation ofthevectorpopulationtestedtothisspecificvirusisolate. We hypoth- infected withoneofthemostspreadCTV-isolates worldwide.Thismightindicate Nevertheless, A.gossypiihadoneofthehighestdevelopmentalratesoncitrus This differencewasneitherrelatedtoisolatevirulencenoritsgeographical origin. others. with than isolates CTV some with infected plants citrus on better performed in benefitsfromdifferentTSWV-isolates forF. occidentalis.However, A.gossypii virus (CTV)differinginvirulenceandgeographicalorigin.We didnotfinddifferences of thevectorAphisgossypiioncitrusplantsinfectedwithisolatesCitrustristeza resistance-breaking TSWVisolate.Inanothersystem,wealsocompared performance virulence, wecomparedperformanceofvectorsonplantsinfectedwith amildand ranychus urticae.To explorewhetherbeneficialeffectsforvectorsarerelatedtovirus plants alsowasbeneficialforanonvectorherbivorearthropod,thespidermiteTet anti-herbivore andanti-pathogenplantdefences.Theeffectofvirusinfection as healthyplants.Theseresultsmightbeexplainedbyanegativecross-talkbetween alleviates thisanti-thripsresponseininfectedplants,renderingthemasgoodhosts TSWV that and thrips, for negative is that plants pepper in response a induce thrips wilt virus(TSWV)–Frankliniellaoccidentalis–pepperplants.Ourresultsindicatethat in efficiencyofnaturalenemiesthevectors. We usedthesystemTomato spotted herbivore plantdefence),changesinperformanceofinfectedvectors,and plant virusonitsvectorthroughchangesinthequalityofinfectedplants(directanti- tors. To testwhetherthisattractionisbeneficialtovectors,westudiedtheeffectof a herbivores. Inspiteofthis,infectedplantsareoftenattractivetotheirherbivorevec- host qualityofherbivore-infestedplantsandrenderthemunattractivetoconspecific infection inducesanti-pathogendefencesinplants.Anti-herbivoredecrease feeding, whichtriggersinductionofanti-herbivoreplantdefences,whereasvirus vectors tohealthyplants,andinoculation.Acquisitioninoculationinvolvevector spread requiresvectorattractiontoinfectedsourceplants,acquisition,dispersalof Vector-borne plantvirusesdependontheirherbivorevectorsfordispersal.Virus Corresponding author:[email protected] Amsterdam, TheNetherlands(AJ,MWS) Spain (MRAM);InstituteforBiodiversityandEcosystemDynamics(IBED),Universityof nology, Moncada(Valencia), Spain(BB,LR);FundaciónAgroalimed-IVIA,Moncada(Valencia), Valencian InstituteforAgriculturalResearch(IVIA),CenterPlantProtectionandBiotech- Belliure B,Albiach-MartíMR,RubioL,JanssenandSabelisW Plant VirusesBenefitTheirHerbivore ectors

- 197 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 4 198 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI SYMPOSIUM 4 additional systems. plant–vector interactionsandarguesformorefullydocumentingthese interactionsin pathogen-induced volatilescanvarywithdetailsofthenaturalhistory ofpathogen– viruses thatincreaseplantaphidperformance(1,2)suggesttheattractiveness of ies thatfoundaphidattractiontocharacteristicvolatilesignaturesassociated with regarding infectionstatus.Thecontrastofourfindingswiththose previous stud- plants, whichmayincreasetheapparencyofinfectedplantswithoutproviding cues infected plantsreleaseelevatedamountsofavolatileblendsimilarto thatofhealthy aphid populationgrowthandincreaseddispersal.Analysisofvolatiles indicatesthat plant qualityfortheaphidsMyzuspersicaeandAphisgossypii,resultinginreduced we havefoundthatinfectionbytheviralpathogenCucumbermosaicvirusdecreases on severalgeneralistaphidspeciesthatvectorZYMV. cv. IncultivatedC.pepoDixie, beetle Acalymmavittatum,oneofthetwoconfirmedvectorsE.tracheiphilaand exploring theinfluenceofpathogen-inducedvolatilesonbehaviorcucumber previously observedthatvirus-infectedplantsrarelyornevercontractwilt.We are induced byE.tracheiphila.Thishaspotentialecologicalsignificanceaswehave alone, suggestingthatZYMVinfectionsuppressesthevolatileresponseotherwise plants sufferingmixedinfectionsweresimilartothoseinducedbyZYMVinfection disease, andzucchiniyellowmosaicvirus(ZYMV).Notably, thevolatileprofilesof associated withinfectionbyErwiniatracheiphila,thecausalagentofbacterialwilt C. pepocv. ‘Dixie’.Inthewildgourd,wehavedocumenteddistinctvolatilesignatures disease transmissioninthewildgourdCucurbitapepossp.texanaandcultivated istics arenotwellunderstood.We arecurrentlyexaminingthechemicalecologyof of pathogen-inducedchangesinplantvolatileemissionsandothercharacter of insectvectors(1)relativetoinfectedplants,theimplicationsfordiseaseecology volatiles arelikelyamajorfactorinfluencingthebehavior, distribution,andmovement ecology ofpathogen–plant–vectorinteractionsisnotwellexplored.Althoughplant chemical Yet,the insects. by obligately, often vectored, are worldwide and States Many ofthemostimportantplantdiseasesimpactingcropproductioninUnited 2. Environ.Entomol.(2004)33:1207–1216. 1. Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B(2002)269:455–460. Corresponding author:[email protected] ogy (AGS),ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,PA Center forChemicalEcology, Departments ofEntomology(MCM,CMD,KMM,LRS)andBiol- and ShapiroLR Mescher C,DeoraesC,StephensonAGauckK Pathogen-Induced PlantV olatiles andDiseaseEcology - greater attention. tion andsuggestthatthetrade-offbetweenreproductionpathogenicitywarrants the stemwithin48h.Ourdatademonstrateanotherexampleofriskreproduc- intracellular spacesandnectarthodesinthenectariestraversedpeduncleto studies ofGFP-transformedErwiniashowthatthebacteriumenteredflowersthrough plants inoculatedthroughpistillateflowersdevelopedwiltdisease,andfluorescence of plantsinoculatedwithErwiniasuspensionthroughstaminateflowersand31% greater numbersofbeetlestotheirflowers.Greenhousestudiesshowedthat23% levels ofattractingvolatiles(e.g.,1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene);3)andtheyattracted the beetlescongregateinalek-likebehavior;2)theyproducedsignificantlyhigher through floraltissue:1)outbredplantsproducedgreaternumbersofflowers,inwhich growing season(p three ofthe4yrstudied),althoughtheysufferedgreaterherbivoredamageover ever, inthefield,inbredlinesweresignificantlylesslikelytodevelopwiltdisease(in in susceptibilitytothepathogenwhenitisinjectedintostemandfoliartissue.How- Cucurbita texana,awildgourd,shownodifferencebetweeninbredandoutbredlines fecal pelletscontainingErwiniafallontothesitesoffeedingdamage.Ourstudies and Diabroticaundecimpunctatahowardi(Coleoptera).Transmission occurswhen species. ErwiniatracheiphilaisvectoredbyspecialistbeetlesAcalymmavittata water transport;iseconomicallydevastatingtocultivars;andalsoattackswild the bacteriumErwiniatracheiphilacauseswiltdisease,afataldiseasethatarrests Many plantpathogensarevectoredbyinsectherbivores.InthegenusCucurbita, Corresponding author:[email protected] Sasuclark M,eidl-AdamsIWinsorJ,andtephenson Disease asaSexuallyT T I nterrelationships among among nterrelationships ransmission inCucurbitapepossp.texana:BacterialWilt ≥0.04).Thisparadoxisexplainedbytransmissionofthepathogen ransmitted Disease I nbreeding, nbreeding, H erbivory, and Pathogen Pathogen and erbivory,

199 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 4 200 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI SYMPOSIUM 4 8. Physiol.Mol.PlantPathol.(2006)68:149–157. 7. J.Chem.Ecol.inreview. 6. Planta(2005)221:75–84. 5. NewPhytol.(2008)177:767–778. 4. Physiol.Mol.PlantPathol.(2003)63:249–261. 3. Tree Physiol.(2008)inpress. 2. Tree Physiol.(2007)27:511–517. 1. Physiol.Mol.PlantPathol.(2006)68:95–104. forest managementstrategiesinthefuture. rational more of development to lead should forests boreal of components important bottom-up forcesdrivingfundamentalecologicalinteractionscenteredaroundthese of potentialsignificanceintheseinteractions(8).Animprovedunderstanding metabolism (3–6),classicallydefineddefenseproteins(7),andothernovel defense compartmentsinthesecomplexorganisms,includingphenolicandterpenoid several involving scales spatial and temporal across pine in mechanisms resistance of which onesarechallenged(2,3).Inthistalk,Ipresentevidencepointingtointegration duced susceptibility(SIS)isexpresseddependentonwhichorgansareinducedand endpoint phenotype;indeed,wehavedemonstratedthatwhetherSIRorsystemicin- in phenotypicexpression.Evidenceshowsthatinducedresistanceisnotalwaysthe study theroleofrelativespatialandtemporalseparationinducerschallengers (1). Furthermore,thelargesizeandlongevityoftheseorganismsmakethemidealto fungal pathogensandphytophagousinsects,suchasbarkbeetlesdefoliators in pine,particularlyasitpertainstohost-mediatedsystemicinteractionsbetween theless, recentworkhashighlightedthepotentialecologicalsignificanceofSIR (SAR) andinducedsystemicresistance(ISR),inherbaceousmodelplants.Never nomenon intrees,comparedwithitsrelatedsubsets,systemicacquiredresistance Systemic inducedresistance(SIR)againstpathogensisapoorlyunderstoodphe- Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofPlantPathology, TheOhioStateUniversity, Columbus, OH Bonello P Resistance inPine Metabolomics andProteomicsofSystemicInduced - Fusarium graminearum,causalagentoffusariumheadblight,arediscussed. metabolomics technologytoinvestigatethewheat(1,2)andbarleyinteractions with than thatbythesusceptible.Theproblemsandprogressmadeinapplication of of metabolitesandmetabolicpathwayactivitiestodefendagainstthe pathogen the plantdefensemechanisms.Theresistantgenotypeshaveabetterrepertoire resistance relatedmetabolitestotheirprecursorscanleadbetterunderstandingof of productionthesemetabolitescanbesearchedusingdatabases.Therelation degradation, signaling,andcellwallenforcementproperties.Themetabolicpathways in theresistantgenotypethansusceptible)haveantimicrobial,pathotoxin but alsostructuraldefense.Theresistance-relatedmetabolites(higherinabundance biochemical only not reveal can analysis Metabolomics induced. and constitutive pathogen stresscanbegroupedintostructuralandbiochemical,withineach to studyplant–pathogeninteraction.Theresistanceinplantsdefendagainstbiotic spectrometry nowcandetect>1,000compoundsinasample.Thesehavebeenused tion andhighmassaccuracydeterminationusingliquidchromatography identification ofthousandsmetabolites.Nanoelectronsprayionization,highresolu- the analyticalplatforms,alongwithbioinformaticstools,haveenableddetectionand of knowledgehasbeengeneratedusingmetabolomics.Recentadvancesmadein detect allthemetabolitesinasample.Inspiteoftheselimitationssignificantamount single solventthatcanextractallthemetabolitesandnoanalyticalplatform tification ofallmetabolitesproducedbyaplantisstillverychallenging.Thereno strategies thatplantsusetodefendagainsttheattackingpathogen.However, quan- metabolites. Metabolomicsanalysiscangivecomprehensiveinformationonthe enous metabolitesinabiologicalsituationorsystem.Plantsproduceca.200,000 Metabolomics istheidentificationandquantificationofallendogenousexog- 2. Can.J.PlantPathol.30:24–36. 1. Physiol.Mol.PlantPathol.66:119–133. Corresponding author:[email protected] Plant ScienceDepartment,McGillUniversity, Ste.AnnedeBellevue,QC,CanadaH9X3V9 Kushalappa ACandjjamada Metabolomics ofPlant–PathogenInteraction 201 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SYMPOSIUM 4 202 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI SYMPOSIUM 4 1. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(inpress). M. KeckCenterforBehavioralBiologyatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity. W. the and Endowment, Whitmire J. Blanton the U01-AI-58303-01, grant Diseases Infectious and Allergy of Institute Health–National of Institutes National a by part in supported was work This for thisdiseasevectorofsubstantialglobalpublichealthimportance. these kairomoneswilllikelyenhancetheefficacyofsurveillanceand control programs to betterunderstandthechemicalbasisofegg-layingbehaviorAe.aegypti butalso stimulants forgravidAe.aegypti.Elucidationofthesecompoundswillnotonlyserve bacteria-associated carboxylicacidsandmethylestersserveaspotent oviposition of bacterialextracts,andchemicalanalyses,wenowdemonstrate(1) that specific using acombinationofbacterialculturingapproaches,bioassay-guidedfractionation microorganisms inleafinfusionsproducedoviposition-stimulatingkairomones,and are laidinplainwatercontainers.Inbinarychoiceassays,wedemonstratedthat eggs tobambooandwhite-oakleafinfusions,onlyasmallfractionofthe ants donotinduceegglaying.We showthatmosquitofemalesdirectmostoftheir Microbial metaboliteshavebeenimplicatedasmosquitoattractants,buttheseodor elucidated. been not have cues these of origin and nature the but containers, water for egglayingandproductionofprogeny. Ovipositionisstimulatedbycuesfrom Ae. aegyptifemalesareinexorablylinkedtowater-filled human-madecontainers stimulants. and attractants site oviposition and repellents, attractants, host as such and implementationinmosquito-controlprogramsofbehavior-modifying compounds, America havestimulatedinterestinbiorationalapproaches,includingidentification dengue hemorrhagicfeverinAsiaanditsrecentintroductionintoCentralSouth 100 countrieswheredenguefeveroccurs.Thedramaticriseinthenumberofcases that 51millioninfectionsoccurannuallyand2.5–3billionpeopleareatriskinthe problem intropicalcountriesworldwide,andtheWorld HealthOrganizationestimates including dengueandyellowfeverviruses.Dengueisamajorpublichealth diseases, global important of vector principal the is The mosquitoAedesaegypti Corresponding author:[email protected] University, NewOrleans,LA(DMW) Tulane Medicine, Tropical of Department LP, CSA); (CS, SN, NC NX, Raleigh, University, State Carolina North Biology, Behavioral for Center Keck W. M. and Entomology of Department and AppersonCS Ponnusamy L,XuN,ojimaSWesson DM,SchalC, Cues ThatMediateOvipositionSitePreferencesbyAedesaegypti Identification ofBacteriaandBacteria-AssociatedChemical - 203 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 204 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Plant–Insect nteractions 100 BergAuditorium,Life Sciences Building 14.00–15.30 T 15.50–17.20 Robaguso,CornellUniversity ed T urlings, UniversityofNeuchâtel M oderators: oderators:

Parallel Session 5 THURSDAY, 21 AUGUST 205 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 206 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI another withoutlosingtheirdefense. of phytogenicprecursorsmayhavefavouredthelarvaetoshiftfromonehostplant processed toiridoids(4).Thedualsystemofdenovobiosynthesisandsequestration 1) novo-produced (3).Theabilitytosequesterplant-derivedprecursorswasprovedby natural condition,iridoidsmayevenhaveadualorigin,namely, plant-derivedandde Phratora laticollishavethepotentialtosequesterprecursorsfromfood(2).In Here, wedemonstratethattheiridoid-producinglarvaeofPlagioderaversicoloraand (1). defenses chemical of evolution the in state ancestral the represent to believed In thelarvalchrysomelinesdenovosynthesisofmonoterpenoids(iridoids)is 4. InsectBiochem.Mol.Biol.(2008)inpress. 3. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2001)98:3909–3914. 2. IsotopesEnviron.HealthStud.(2004)40:175–180 1. InsectBiochem.Mol.Biol.(2008)38:76–88. precursor, 8-hydroxy-geraniol-8-O range ofglucosidestoenterandleavethehemocoel,whereasonlyappropriate experimental findingssupportanetworkoftransportsystemsthatallowsbroader analysis oftheirdistributioninthehemolymph,defensivesecretion,andfaeces.The 3) byinjectionoftheprecursorsintohemolymphfollowedmassspectroscopic pregnated withanalogsandlabeledputativeprecursorsforiridoidbiosynthesis; 13 Corresponding author:[email protected] Bruxelles, Belgium(JP) B-1050 Bruxelles, de Libre Université 160/12 CP Evolutive, Etho-Ecologie KT-B, AB); SD, MK, Max PlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8,07745Jena,Germany(WB, and PasteelsJ Boland W, KunertM,DischerST Producing LeafBeetleLarvae T De NovoBiosynthesisV C-labeling oftheterpenoidsinfoodplant,2)bylarvalfeedingonleavesim- ransport SystemsupportsBothModesofDefenseinIridoid- ersus Sequestration:ANetworkof - β - d -glucoside, ischanneledtothereservoirand olzin-Banasch K,BurseA, 207 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 208 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 their impactonvolatilereleaseisneutralorevenpositive. conclude thatCuandCdstressmayhaveadverseeffectsonmanyplant functionsbut significantly higherthaninherbivore-damagedcontrolplantswithout additionalCu. We that werepre-treatedwith80µMCuastheamountsofreleasedcompounds were se didnotinducevolatiles.However, primingwas observedinherbivore-damagedplants emission wasexclusivelyfoundinherbivore-damagedmaize,whereasheavymetalsper that ROSwerevisibleonlyintherootsofplantstreatedwith80µMCu.Plantvolatile ing effectwasobservedinCd-treatedmaize.DAB-stainingofrootsandleavesshowed tion andalreadyafter3hoffeedinginbothCutreatments.Interestingly, asimilarprim - JA accumulationafter6hoffeedingincontrolplantswithoutheavymetalsupplementa- control levelsinonlyCu-orCd-treatedplants.However, herbivoryresultedinsignificant surements ofJAkineticsrevealedthatthisendogenoussignaldidnotincreaseabove tosynthesis werereducedathighermetalconcentrations(80µMCu,50Cd).Mea- retained intheroots,whereasCdaccumulatedalsoshoots.Plantgrowthandpho- and thetimecourseofherbivore-inducedvolatiles.Inmaizeplants,Cuwascompletely (JA), acid jasmonic of kinetics the (ROS), species oxygen reactive of accumulation the maize, grown hydroponically of performance the on µM) 50 and (5 cadmium and µM) 80 exert stressonmostplants.We investigatedtheeffectsoftwolevelscopper(10and levels ofheavymetalsinsomenaturalhabitatsoranthropogenicallydegradedsoils and canpotentiallyalterinteractionsbetweenemittingperceivingindividuals.High herbivory. Abioticfactorsmaychangethecompositionofherbivore-inducedvolatiles responses orprimetheaffectedplant(part)torespondstrongerearlieruponlater individual. Volatiles involvedinsuchplant–plantcommunicationmaydirectlyinduce perceived byneighbouringplantsoractassignalsinremoteplantpartsofthesame can serveassignalsforparasitoids,predators,orherbivores.Inaddition,theymaybe Plant volatileemissioninresponsetoherbivoryhasmultiplefunctions.Inducedvolatiles Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofBotanyII,UniversityWürzburg, Germany Rostás M,KaiserK,andBorkowskiL Heavy MetalStressPrimesforerbivore-InducedV olatile Emission 8-hydroxygeraniol-8-O-β larvae, Chrysomelina iridoid-producing In (GDP). diphosphate geranyl in resulting noid biosynthesis(3).GDPScatalyzesthesinglecondensationofIDPandDMADP, diphosphate synthasesactaslaterregulatorybranchpointenzymeswithinterpe- Whereas HMGRconstitutesakeyenzymeoftheearlysteps,short-chainE (2). body fat larval in detectable is activity (GDPS) synthase diphosphate geranyl tion mechanism.Furthermore,notonlyenhancedHMGRactivitybutalsoelevated binding of8-hydroxygeranioltotheactivesitethatindicateacompetitiveinhibi- homology modelinganddockingexperimentsofthecatalyticdomaindemonstrate whereas noeffecthasbeenobservedfortheglucosideorgeraniol.Subsequent 8-hydroxygeraniol, aglucon the of addition by activity attenuated revealed protein activity inlarvalfatbodyfordenovoproduction(1).Enzymeassayswithrecombinant HMGR of impact high a indicate data Real-time enzymes. key the of one is (HMGR) rived fromthemevalonatepathwaywhere3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAreductase bled fromisopentenyldiphosphate(IDP)anddimethylallyl(DMADP),de- the iridoidbiosynthesiswithaviewonregulatoryimpactofseveral enzymes. and sequestrationprocesses.We wanttoestablishthefeedbackcontrolsystemof mechanisms ofiridoidproductionwithregardtohomeostasisdenovo synthesis and characterizationofaGDPSwillpointouttheenzymaticprocesses andregulatory synthesis ofdefensivecompoundandtheremainingterpenoidpathway. Identification tion ofGDPSindenovosynthesis(4).representsthebranchpointbetween 8-hydroxygeraniol-8-O synthesizing deterrentcompoundsdenovoorbysequesteringtheiridoidprecursor of capable are They predators. against weapons chemical as monoterpenes) Larvae oftheleafbeetlePhaedoncochleariaeproduceiridoids(cyclopentanoic 4. Tetrahedron (1994)50:6859–6874. 3. Eur. J.Biochem.(2002)269:3339–3354. 2. Mol.Biol.(2008)38:76–88. 1. InsectBiochem.Mol.Biol.(2007)37:255–265. Corresponding author:[email protected] Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8,07745Jena,Germany Department ofBioorganicChemistry, Max-Planck-InstituteforChemicalEcology, Frick S,BurseAchmidtandBolandW Biosynthesis inChrysomelinaLarvaePhaedoncochleariae Identification ofBranchPointEnzymeswithintheridoid - β - - D D -glucoside fromtheirhostplant.Theprecursorisassem- -glucoside isderivedfromGDP, whichimpliesparticipa- -isoprenyl -isoprenyl 209 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 210 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 2. Planta(2008)227:453–464. 1. J.Biol.Chem.(1998)273(4):2078. from three“isoprene-units”andhavethemolecularformulaC Sesquiterpenoids compriseahugevarietyofcyclicandacycliccompoundsgenerated hydride shiftsinthebiosynthesisofintermediateGermacradienylcations. products gaveinformationonthestereochemicalcourseofpreviouslyproposed specifically labeledFDP(deuterium)andmassspectrometricanalysisofthereleased the enzymeguidingreactioninaparticulardirection.Furtherexperimentswith centers. Thisresultsdemonstratedthateachsinglecyclizationstepiscontrolledby derived fromacommonprecursorsharedthesameconfigurationoftheirstereo- all productswereenantiomericallypure.Additionallywecouldobservethat cal analysisof17theenzymeproductsbychiralgaschromatographyshowedthat skeletons suchasCadinane,Germacrane,Cubebane,orMuurolane.Thestereochemi- FDP provided18sesquiterpenehydrocarbonsand10alcoholswithdifferentcarbon ways leadingtotheenzymeproducts.TheincubationofrecombinantMtTPS5with Medicago truncatula(2)byanalyzingthestereochemicalcourseofreactionpath- different reactionpathways,weinvestigatedthemultiproductenzymeMtTPS5from (1). To understandtowhichextentthesemultiproductenzymesexertcontroloverthe product, alsomultiproductenzymesareknown,generatingupto52sesquiterpenes (FDP) asthesubstrate.Besidesingleproductenzymesproducingonlyonemajor skeletons, formedbysocalledsesquiterpenecyclases,utilizingfarnesyldiphosphate diversity ofthesesquiterpenoidsknowntodayarederivedfrom300hydrocarbon Corresponding author:[email protected] Hans-Knoell-Str. 8,D-07745Jena,Germany Max PlanckInstituteforChemicalEcology, DepartmentofBioorganicChemistry, Garms S,ArimuraGIandBolandW Synthase ofMedicagotruncatula Mechanistic AspectsofaultiproductSesquiterpene 15 H 24 . The structural structural The . is foundinrelatedchrysomelidleafbeetlespecies. from anoxidaseinvolvedintheautogenousbiosynthesisofiridoidmonoterpenes that that SAO,essentialforactivationoftheplant-derivedprecursorsalicin,wasrecruited identical FAD bindingsitebutpossessdifferentcatalyticactivities.Thedatasuggest function. Enzymesofthisfamilysharesimilaroverallstructurewithanessentially of glucose-methanol-cholineoxidoreductase-likesequenceswithmostlyunknown by gaschromatography. SequencecomparisonrevealedSAOtobelongthefamily coli. Enzymeactivityandquantificationoftheproducedsalicylaldehydewasmeasured and C.populi.ThesequencesweresuccessfullyclonedexpressedinEscherichia able toidentifythecDNAencodingSAOfromtworelatedspecies,C.tremulae immediately oxidizedintosalicylaldehydebyasalicylalcoholoxidase(SAO).We were it intosalicylaldehyde:aβ the hemolymphintoglandularreservoirwheretwoextracellularenzymesconvert leaves oftheirhostplant(poplartrees).Thisplant-derivedprecursoristransportedvia from precursor herbal an as salicin up take to need larvae secretions, defensive the to aglandularreservoirwhosecontentisevertedincaseofirritation.To produce abdominal segments.Eachglandconsistsofseveralcellsthatareattached ized glandsthatarelocatedonthemeso-andmetathoraxfirstseven displace theirpredators.Uponattack,theyreleasedefensivechemicalfromspecial- Larvae ofChrysomelapopuliandC.tremulaeuseaspecificdefensestrategyto Corresponding author:[email protected] Pharmaceutical Biologie,Mendelssohnstrasse1,38106Braunschweig,Germany(HM) Olshausenstrasse 40,24098Kiel,Germany(CM,DO);Technical University ofBraunschweig, Evolution, Molecular and Ecology Biochemical Kiel, of Christian-Albrechts-University Michalski C,ohagheghiH,andOberD populi andChrysomelatremulae Salicyl AlcoholOxidaseofDefensiveecretionsChrysomela Molecular CloningandFunctionalExpressionofanxtracellular -glucosidase transformssalicinintosalicylalcoholthatis

211 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 212 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 glimpse inthisfieldofmechanisticadaptationprocessesinsectsto planttoxins. Additional investigationsofotherPA-adapted insectsarenecessarytogetabetter as atropine,incontrasttothespecificityofSNOspecialistT. jacobaeae . substrate specificityforvarious PA structures,includingotheralkaloidstructuressuch Analyzing thesubstratespecificityof PA N-oxygenase,theenzymesshowedbroad ation ofPAs. FortheotherFMO-likesequences,wewereunabletopredictafunction. product ofonetheFMO-likesequencesZ.variegatuscatalyzesN we establishedanEscherichiacoliexpressionsystem.Theresultsshowthatthegene purpose, this For activity. biochemical their to respect in investigated and identified evolutionary originofSNOinmoredetail,FMO-likesequencesZ.variegatuswere insects toaccumulatethePA-N-oxide asametabolicallysafeform.To understandthe catalyzes theN-oxidationoftoxicPAs tonontoxicPA N-oxidesandenablesthe SNO isaflavin-dependentmonooxygenasethatusesNADPHascofactor. Thisenzyme oxygenase (SNO)isthekeyenzymeforPA detoxificationandaccumulationinarctiids. derived toxinsfortheirowndefense.Previousexperimentsshowedthatsenecione-N defended plantswithoutnegativeeffectsandinadditionisabletoaccumulateplant- to sequestratePAs. We study, howthegrasshopper isabletofeedonchemically we surprisinglyfoundthattheunrelatedorthopteranZ.variegatusalsohasability However, moths). (tiger arctiids the within widespread PAsis of Sequestration world. and havebeenresponsibleforanimalhumanpoisoningsinmanypartsofthe alkaloids (PAs) thatfunctionaspredatordeterrents.PAs arehepatotoxictomammals store varioussecondaryplantsubstancessuchascardiacglycosidesandpyrrolizidine feeder withapredilectionforpoisonousfoodplants.Thisspeciescansequesterand The grasshopper Corresponding author:[email protected] Olshausenstrasse 40,24098KielGermany Kiel, Universität Evolution, Molekulare und Ökologie Biochemische Abt. Institut, Botanisches Wang LandOberD Adapted toPyrrolizidinelkaloids African GrasshopperZonocerusvariegatus(Orthoptera) Investigation ofaSpecificDetoxifyingEnzymefromthe Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera) from West Africa is a polyphagous -oxygen- - from theshoottoinfestedanduninfestedrootsbyusingradioisotope pathogenic fungusFusariumgraminearumaffectsallocationofrecentlyfixedcarbon of belowgroundplantdefense.We studiedhowinfectionofbarleyrootswiththe We investigatedtheroleofcarbon allocationandchemicalsignalsinthemediation USR (submitted)NewPhytol. 2. HenkesGJ,JoussetA,BonkowskiM, ThorpeMR,ScheuS,LanoueA,SchurrU,andRöse 1. PlantCellEnviron.(2008)doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01828.x. carbon, denovobiosynthesisandsecretion ofcompoundswithrepellentfunctions. suggest thattheplantrecognizedpathogenattackandrespondsby reallocationof wall phenolicswereinducednotonlyinnecroticzonesbutallroottissues. Results cell nonlignin attack infection. MicroscopicanalysisrevealedthatafterFusarium fungal during d 2 within biosynthesized that thesecretedt-cinnamicacidwasdenovo cumulated intheintracellularcompartment.Invivolabelingexperiment demonstrated of F. graminearum.Simultaneouslytoitsrootexudation,t-cinnamicacidwasac- confirmed thecapacityofinducedrootexudatestospecificallyinhibit thegermination metabolism andwereinducedwithin2dafterFusariuminoculation.Biologicaltests t-cinnamic, p-coumaric,ferulic,syringic,andvanillicacidswereassigned totheplant Thus, alone. fungus or plant of culture i.e., conditions, noninduced under exudates of plant roots.Theorfungaloriginofthecompoundswasdetermined bydetection marker toinvestigatethekineticsofinteractionpathogenicfungus withthe root attack.Amongtheinducedexudates,compoundswereidentifiedandusedas was usedtoprofilesmallmolecularweightexudatesthatareinducedinresponse (LC-DAD) detection array photodiode with by F.chromatography Liquid graminearum. evaluated thepotentialofbarleytosecretedefenserootexudateswhenchallenged uninfected roots,suggestingrapidfirstlinedefenceagainstpathogens(2). We further the pathogeneffect.Ourresultsshowthatrootsdivertcarbonfrominfectedtowards whereas themutantCHA19defectiveinproductionofantibioticsdidnotrepress intensity, similar of were and allocation lated theeffectofF. carbon on graminearum roots (1).LocalorsystemicpreinoculationwiththeP. fluorescensstrainCHA0annihi- was reducedbycoolingalone,therenoenhancedpartitioningtotheuntreated roots forthebenefitofnoninfectedroots.Whensinkstrengthoneroothalf terium Pseudomonasfluorescens.Plantsreducedcarbonallocationtowardinfected carbon allocationwillbeattenuatedbycolonizationofrootswiththebiocontrolbac- ile split-rootsystem.We hypothesized thatdetrimentaleffectsofF. graminearumon Corresponding author:[email protected] (A.L., V.B.), 31Avenue Monge,F-37200Tours, France US, USRR);UniversitéFrançoisdeTours, EA2106,BiomoleculesandPlant Biotechnology MRT, (GJH, Germany, Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Center Research Phytosphere, Institute ICG-3, Henkes GJ,LanoueA,ThorpeMRBurlatV Root Exudates Delivery totheRootsanddenovoBiosynthesisofefense Effect ofFusariumgraminearumInfestationonCarbon in Barley , SchurrUandRöseUSR 11 C inaster - 213 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 214 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 the inplantaproducedterpenesdoindeedinfluencechoicebehaviourof B. tabaci. of volatileterpenoidsintomatotrichomes.Thiswillenableustoinvestigate whether the glandulartrichomes.Insummary, wenowhavethetoolstoengineerproduction gene. Thetransgenicplantsshowthatthesepromotersareexclusively expressedin and producedtransgenictomatoplantswiththesepromotersdrivingtheGUS-reporter the recombinantproteins.We also clonedthepromotersofthreeterpenesynthases the sesquiterpenesynthaseswereexpressedinE.colitodetermineactivitiesof Sciences (GS-flex),wecouldannotate20contigsasterpenesynthases.ThecDNAsof and twowildtomatoes.Usingthemassiveparallelsequencingtechnologyof454Life produce theseterpenoids,wesequencedthetrichome-transcriptomeofonecultivated are normallyproducedbytheglandulartrichomes.To identifytheterpenesynthasethat plants couldbemadesignificantlylessattractivebysomeoftheseterpenoids,which putatively influencedthechoicebehaviourofB.tabaci.Indeed,cultivatedtomato sion andMANOVA analyses.Thisresultedintheidentificationof8terpenoidsthat the preferencebehaviourofwhitefliesandsubjectedtomultiple-linearregres- headspace-metabolome ofalltomatoesbyGC-MS.Thisdatasetwascombinedwith choice wasnotdifferentforwhiteflybiotypeBandQ. We alsoanalyzedthecomplete ence forthecultivatedplantsandadifferentialpreferencewildtomatoes.Host Free-choice bioassayswith16wildand5cultivatedtomatoesrevealedaclearprefer viruses. devastating many of vector well-known a whitefly), potato (sweet tabaci investigated whichvolatilecuesmightbeinvolvedinrepellenceofthepestBemisia Plant semiochemicalsplayanimportantroleforinsectsinlocatingahostplant.We Schuurink R P, Bleeker Corresponding author:[email protected] Kruislaan 318,1098SMAmsterdam,NL(PB,PD,KA,MH,RS) University ofAmsterdam,SwammerdamInstituteforLifeSciences,Dept.PlantPhysiology, MdB); PD, (PB, NL Wageningen, AE 6700 P.O. 90. 216, Box Park NV, Agrobusiness Keygene V olatile ChemicalCuesInvolvedinT D iergaarde P, iergaarde A ment K, K, ment H aring aring omato–Whitefly Interactions M , de Both Both de , M , and and , - 2. J.Econ.Entomol.(2006)99:1245–1250. 1. ActaUniv. Agric.Fac.Agron.(1973)21:133–146. This worksissupportedbySIDA(www.sida.se) andIC-E3(www.ice3.se). potato mothisencodedbyacombinationofattractantandrepellentvolatiles. nonvolatile compounds.Femaleattractionandovipositionbehaviourin Guatemalan relates totheemissionofrepellentvolatilesthatsignalpresence of deleterious larval survival.Theoccurrenceofthesetoxiccom­ the activecompoundsarebiosyntheticallyrelatedtotoxic thatdecrease repellent effectofgreenleafpotatovolatilesonovipositingfemalemoths. Someof surrounding theplants,notonstemsorfoliage.Furtherbioassays established a soil the in laid were eggs the but flight, upwind by plants flowering to attracted were deposited atfloweringplants,comparedtoplantsinthepreflowering stage.Females in responsetopottedpotatoplantsagreenhouse.Significantlymoreeggswere tuber headspace.Thisisremarkable,inviewofT. solanivoraovipositionbehaviour dominated byca.40sesquiterpenecompoundsthatarealmostentirelyabsentfrom the fieldaswelltopotatotubersinstorage.Theheadspaceofgreenplantsis and femalesofGuatemalanpotatomothareattractedtofloweringplantsin tubers. Floweringcoincideswiththeonsetoftuberformationinmostpotatocultivars These compoundsmaythuselicitattractionoffemalestobothfloweringplantsand headspace. tuber in and plants potato flowering of headspace in present were pounds characteristic fortuberheadspace.Mostinterestingly, behaviourallyactivecom- these compoundswerealsoreleasedfromtubers.Incontrast,afew compounds, benzenoids,phenylpropanoids,andmonoterpenehydrocarbons.Mostof phenological stagesfromsproutingtoflowering,releasesawiderangeofaliphatic In storagefacilities,femalesovipositdirectlyontubers.Potatofoliage,inthree tubers. the inside feed larvae the crevices, soil in plants to close eggs lay females ora shift fromanativesolanaceousplanttopotato(1,2).Infields,gravidT. solaniv- potato mothhasonlyrecentlyemergedasapestofpotato,probablyduetohostplant of potatoinCentralAmericaandadjacentSouthAmericancountries.Guatemalan The GuatemalanpotatomothTecia solanivorahasbecomethemostdevastatingpest Corresponding author:[email protected] Las Palmas,Colombia(CFB,AMC) Research, Agricultural of Corporation Colombian Laboratory, Control Biological PW); MB, GB, Chemical EcologyGroup,DepartmentofPlantProtectionBiology, SLUAlnarp,Sweden(MFK, and WitzgallP Karlsson MF, BirgerssonG,BosaCF, Cotes AM, BengtssonM the GuatemalanMothTecia solanivora(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) V olatile SignaturesfromPotatoMediateOvipositioninFemalesof pounds indifferentplantorganscor - 215 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 216 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 plant–herbivore interactions. species underfieldconditions.Thusinbreedingcanpotentiallyaltervolatile mediated in wildplantsandtheydemonstrategeneticvariationforvolatilesa noncultivated findings showthatinbreedingcanalterthevolatilecuesavailableto foraging insects insect RGRandTC,indicatingvariationamongfamiliesforinbreeding depression. Our sumption (TC)ontheinbredplants.We alsofoundabreeding-by-familyinteractionfor plants andthatcaterpillarshadhigherrelativegrowthrates(RGR) totalleafcon- among genets.Inthelab,wefoundthatcaterpillarspreferredleafdisks frominbred for inbreedingdepression.Analysesalsorevealedbroad-senseheritabilityofvolatiles the totalamountandblendofvolatiles,indicatinggeneticvariationamongfamilies blend ofvolatilesreleased.Inaddition,wefoundabreeding-by-familyinteractionfor plants andthattherewasasignificantmaternalfamilyeffectonthetotalamount bred plantsreleasedsignificantlylowerquantitiesofvolatilescomparedwithoutbred produced bytheseramets;andanalyzedthevolatilesusingGC-MS.We foundthatin- plants from8maternalfamiliesunderfieldconditions;collectedtheVOCsthatwere of inbreedingonplant–insectinteractions,wegrewrametsinbredandoutbred self-fertility thangenotypesbearingotherS-alleles.To examinetheconsequences outcross pollenisavailable.Moreover, genotypesbearingtheS9allelehavehigher when outcrosspollenislimited,butavoidtheadverseeffectsofinbreeding and conditionsoflowfruitproduction.Consequently, horsenettlecanself-fertilize the SIresponseinhorsenettleisaplastictrait:self-fertilityvarieswithflowerage of floralage,priorfruitproduction,andgenotypeonthestrengthSIfoundthat and undergorepeatedcyclesofcolonizationextinction.We examinedtheeffects phytic self-incompatibility(SI).SIisuncommoninweedyspeciesthatareshortlived Horsenettle weed,likeothersolanaceousplants,exhibitsRNase-mediatedgameto- Corresponding author:[email protected] ogy, AmherstCollege,MA (JIM) Pennsylvania StateUniversity, University Park,PA (CMD,MCM,CMM);DepartmentofBiol- University Park,PA (AGS);CenterforChemicalEcologyandDepartmentofEntomology, The University, State Pennsylvania The Biology, of Department and Ecology Chemical for Center and DeMoraesC Stephenson AG,DelphiaCMena-AliJIescherC, carolinense andItsmpactonV Plasticity intheSelf-IncompatibilityystemofSolanum olatile Production 11 ubiquitousplantvolatiles{(Z flight inthetunnel.Fromgrapeshoots,usingSPMEandGC-EAD,wefound shoots (2),andweexaminedwhichvolatilecompoundsareessentialtoelicitupwind volatiles orcanuseubiquitousplanttolocateitspreferredhosttissue,grape berry moth(GBM,Paralobesiaviteana),usesnonubiquitousspecies-specificplant received littleattention.Asafirststep,wetestedwhetherspecialistmoth,grape specialist herbivoresusedifferentmodesofvolatile-mediatedhostrecognitionhas nounced inspecialistthangeneralistherbivores(1).However, whethergeneralistand The roleofhostvolatilesinrecognitionhasbeensuggestedtobemorepro- 2. J.Chem.Ecol.(2008)34:622–627. 1. Host-PlantSelectionbyPhytophagous Insects(1994)Chapman&Hall,NY. will befurthertestedincomparisonwithgeneralistherbivores. volatiles ashostfindingcues.Theroleofbackgroundinthe host recognition viding specificityinhostrecognitiontothespecialistherbivoresthat use ubiquitous context basedonthepresenceofdifferentvolatilecompoundsmayplay aroleinpro- host recognitionsystemofthisspecialistmoth.Ourresultsfurthersuggest thatthe one blendbutnotinanothersuggeststhatsomeplasticityexiststhe volatile-based The findingthatsomecompounds,suchasZandM,actedessential componentsin ness. However, withblend2,wefoundthatZ,T, andMwere essentialcomponents. some orallofthesesevencompoundsinblend1areessentialtomaintain attractive- pounds singlyfromBlend1significantlyreducedupwindflightlevels, suggestingthat still achieveequivalentlevelsofattraction.Removinganytheremaining 7com- flight. Forexample,wecouldremoveZ,L,M,andFfromthe11-componentblend be animportantfactorindeterminingwhetheritwasessentialtoelicitstrongupwind (66.7 and51.6%,respectively).Interestingly, forsomecompounds,contextseemedto G &F]thatelicitedthesamelevelofupwindflightcomparedwithcompleteblend different 7-componentblends[blend1:ELO,ZLO,N,T, D,C&G;blend2:Z,L,T, M,C, essary forelicitingtheupwindflightresponse.Insubtractiontests,weidentifiedtwo different fromliveshoots(73.6%).However, notall11volatilecompoundswerenec- plete 11-componentblendelicited68.6%upwindflight,whichwasnotstatistically α [T]; methylsalicylate,[M];decanal,[D];β (Z)-linalool oxide,[ZLO];nonanal,[N];linalool,[L];(E -farnesene, [F]}thatelicitedconsistentEADactivity. Intheflighttunnel,com- Corresponding author:[email protected] Cornell University, Geneva,NY Department ofEntomology, NewYork StateAgriculturalExperimentalStation, Cha DH,LinnCERoelofsWL,andLoebGM Moth, GrapeBerryoth(Paralobesiaviteana) Plasticity inV olatile-Based HostRecognitionofaSpecialist )-3-hexen-1-yl acetate,[Z];(E -caryophyllene, [C]; germacrene-D, [G]; [G]; germacrene-D, [C]; -caryophyllene, )-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, )-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, )-linalool oxide, [ELO]; [ELO]; oxide, )-linalool 217 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 218 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 5 and green-leafvolatiles,suchas(Z and grape.ThethirdgroupofORNswassensitivetobenzaldehyde,ethylbutanoate fruit treesorvines,suchaskiwifruit,plum,apricot,nectarine,peach,lemon,orange, that arenotpresentinappleorpeartreesbutthemajorvolatilesothernonhost ORNs washighlysensitivetocitral,geraniol,linalool,andα apple orpeartrees,thehostplantsofcodlingmoth.Eachsecondgroup α first groupofORNswashighlysensitivetoethyl-2,4-decadienoate(pearester)and The majorORNpopulationscouldbeclassifiedintothreedifferentgroups.Eachofthe types ofORNpopulationswereidentifiedfrombothmaleandfemalecodlingmoths. In single cell recording studies using process. location and specificity host their to related directly are ORNs these of files of olfactoryreceptorneurons(ORNs)forlocatingtheirproperhosts.Theresponsepro- Olfaction isamajorsensorymodalityininsects,andmanyhavespecies-specificsets profiles ofagivenspeciesandonvolatilechemicalthecandidate plants. the rangeofhostplantsmaybepredictablebyusinginformationonORN response tion ofinformationfromthesethreegroupsORNs.Theresultsalso indicate that that theprimaryrecognitionasaproperhostplantcouldbemadeusing acombina- quired toberecognisedasasuitablehost-plant.Basedonthisfinding, itissuggested to recogniseatargetasplant.Therefore,inputfromtheseORNsmay alsobere- volatiles, maynotbeusedtodistinguishbetweenhostplantsandnonhostplants,but host plants.We alsohypothesize thatthethirdgroupofORNs,respondingtocommon different groupsofORNsmayplayakeyroleindiscriminatinghostplantsfromnon- detecting nonhost-specificvolatilecompounds.Combinationalinputfromthesetwo host-specific volatilecompoundsandthesecondgroupofORNsasantagonist many plants.We hypothesizethat thefirstgroupofORNsasagonistdetecting -farnesene, respectively, thataremajorbehaviourallyactivevolatilecompoundsin (Lepidoptera: T Nonhost PlantV Corresponding author:[email protected] HortResearch, Lincoln,NewZealand Park KC,MitchellVJ,WhiteN,El-SayedAManducklingDM R elationship of of elationship ortricidae) A olatiles intheCodlingMoth,Cydiapomonella ntennal O ntennal )-3-hexenol and(E RN Cydia species as model species, several different

R esponse Profiles with with Profiles esponse )-2-hexenal thatarecommonin -terpineol, respectively, respectively, -terpineol, H ost- and and ost-

219 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 220 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 15.50–17.20 JocelynMillar,UniversityofCalifornia-Riverside Pheromone Identification, 14.00–15.30 RingCardé,UniversityofCalifornia-Riverside Room 11,LifeSciencesBuilding Biosynthesis Moderator:

Parallel Session 6 THURSDAY, 21 AUGUST 221 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 222 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI yet presentinthecountrysponsoringwork,arediscussed. problems relatedtocarryingoutaprojectofthistype,wherethetargetinsectisnot Practical (2). extracts gland pheromone from identified components potential other several and structure, pheromone novel this of testing preliminary and synthesis, tion, to identifyandsynthesizethepheromoneofthisinsect.We reportheretheidentifica- detection ofS.cateniferbeforeitarrivesintheUnitedStates,weinitiatedaproject growers, exporters,andregulatoryagencieswithasensitivereliablemethodfor tial threatstotheU.S.avocadoindustry(1).Aspartofaproactiveeffortprovide culture riskassessmentshaveidentifiedS.cateniferasoneofthemostseriouspoten- United StatesinsouthernCalifornia,Florida,orHawaii,butU.S.DepartmentofAgri- cultivation. Thisinsecthasnotyetbeenfoundinavocadoproductionareasofthe cause somuchdamagethatithaslimitedandevenpreventedcommercialavocado commercial avocadoorchardsfromMexicotoSouthAmerica.Stenomacatenifercan The avocadoseedmoth,Stenomacatenifer,isoneofthemajorinsectpestsinfesting 2. Tetrahedron Lett.(2008),doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.019. Health InspectionService,U.S.Dept.ofAgriculture,Riverdale,MD. Plant and Animal (1995) avocado Mexican for approach systems a analysis: management Risk 1. We thanktheCaliforniaAvocado Commissionforfinancialsupportofthiswork. Corresponding author:[email protected] Department ofEntomology, University ofCalifornia,Riverside,CA92521 Millar JG,HoddlecElfreshSZouY A Structure astheexPheromoneofanInvasivePestpecies, Chemical Proactive vocado SeedMoth,Stenomacatenifer E cology: cology: I dentification of a of dentification , andHoddleC N ovel ovel D ienynal ienynal 223 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 224 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 20:Acid) and(Z,Z,Z analysis identifiedmethylestersof(Z,Z,Z ids byhigh-performanceliquidchromatographyequippedwithanODScolumn,GC-MS examined. Afterfractionationoffattyacidmethylesters(FAMEs) derivedfromthelip- integuments, whichwereassociatedwithoenocytesandperipheralfatbodies, abdominal from extracted lipids components, pheromone the to addition In polyenes. can beformedbydecarboxydationoftheC biosynthetic precursoroftheS.imaonpheromonebecauseC the C 3. J.Pestic.Sci.(2008)33:17–20. 2. J.Chem.Ecol.(1997)239:2413–2423. 1. Yamamoto etal.(2008)J. Chem.Ecol.34:inpress. Z9,Z12,Z15-18:Acid henicosatriene (Z (Arctiidae: Syntominae),showedthatthevirginfemalesproduced(Z,Z,Z detection analysesofthepheromoneextractfromawaspmoth,Syntomoidesimaon Gas chromatography-massspectrometry(GC-MS)andGC-electroanntenographic diurnal specieswerecapturedbytrapsbaitedwitha1:2mixtureofthesyntheticC produced byadiimidereduction.Infieldinthe Yonaguni-jima Islands,malesofthe confirmed bychemicalreactions,i.e.,dimethyldisulfidederivatizationofmonoens with authenticstandards(1);furthermore,thepositionsofdoublebondswere secreted C octadecatrienoic acid(Z novel C20andC22acidsarelongerchainanaloguesoflinolenicacid,(Z,Z,Z amount oftheirC pheromone componentsstartingfromlinolenicacid. polyenyl for pathways biosynthetic proposed the in shown as derivatives, epoxy or II lepidopteransexpheromones(3)composedofpolyunsaturatedhydrocarbons and/ elongation systemsmightplayanimportantroleinproducingspecies-specific type and themonoepoxyderivative(2).Theseresultsindicatethatdifference oftheirchain Corresponding author:[email protected] Research Hall,Takatsuki, Osaka569-1125,Japan(HN) biru Museum,Yonaguni-cho, Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa907-1801,Japan(MM);JTBiohistory Agriculture andTechnology, Koganei,Tokyo 184-8588,Japan(TA, KM,MY);TheAyamiha- of Tokyo University (BASE), Engineering Systems and Bio-Applications of School Graduate Identification ofC C Ando T Syntomoides imaon(Arctiidae:Syntominae) 20 22 andC acid,wasfoundinFAMEs ofAscotisselenariacretacea(Geometridae),which 19 , MatsuokaK,Y pheromonecomponents(Z,Z,Z 22

T rienyl Biosynthetic Precursors from a Wasp Wasp a from Precursors Biosynthetic rienyl 20 3,Z analogues.Thechemicalstructureswereelucidatedbycomparing )-13,16,19-docosatrienoic acid(Z 6,Z Z11,Z14,Z17-20:Acid –CO2 Z3,Z6,Z9-19:H 9,Z 9-21:H) and(Z,Z,Z 21 T 12,Z ype IISexPheromoneComponentsandNovel amamoto M,uramatsuandNakaH 15-18:Acid). TheC )-11,14,17-icosatrienoic acid(Z )-1,3,6,9-henicosatetraene withatrace 22 )-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (Z Z13,Z16,Z19-22:Acid Z3,Z6,Z9-21:H acid.Furthermore,theC 22 acidispresumedtobeadirect 13,Z –CO2 16,Z 19-22:Acid). These 21 trienylcomponent 3,Z 20 acid,butnot 6,Z )-3,6,9- M 11,Z oth, oth, 9-19:H) 9-19:H) )-9,12,15- 14,Z 17- 21

Chemical Ecology, 2007,Jena.Abstract. 1. FonsecaMGandZarbinPHG.(2007)23rdAnnualMeetingoftheInternational Societyof 2-acetate, (E Three male-specificcompoundswereidentifiedas(E production. in reduction and plants of mortality causes larvae wood-feeding by trunks paraguariensis, ofthesouthernregionBrazil.Damageinflictedtobranchesand Hedypathes betulinus(Klug,1825)isthemostseriouspestofgreenmate,Ilex electron microscopyandhistologicalsectioningarenowinprogress. pheromone glandsarefound.To confirmthisobservation,studieswithscanning detected inhighabundanceontheprothorax,suggestingthatthisisregionwhere regions: head,prothorax,elytra,meso+metathorax,andabdomen.Pheromonewas of pheromone-producingglands,volatileswerecollectedfromdifferentmalebody host volatilesenhancefemaleattractiontomalesexpheromone.To identifythesite host volatilesattractedtentimesmorethanternarymixturealone,suggestingthat ternary mixtureathigherdosagewasattractivebyitself,butwhencombinedwhit of majorcomponentplushostvolatilesattractedsignificantlymorefemales.The and ternarymixturewerenotsignificantlyattractivetofemale,butthecombination using Yolfactometer. Theresultsshowedthatthehostplant,majorcomponentalone alone, andsyntheticracematesplushostvolatilesintwodosageswasevaluated glands. Thebehaviouralresponseoffemalestosyntheticracemates,hostvolatiles mone ofH.betulinusinthelaboratoryandtoidentifysitepheromone-producing dien-2-ol (1).Theobjectivesweretotesttheattractivenessofmalesexphero- Corresponding author:[email protected] Curitiba-PR-Brazil Politecnico, Centro 19081, PO Chemistry, of Department Semiochemicals, of Laboratory Fonseca MGandZarbinPHG (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Pheromone andHostV Response ofFemalesT )-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, and(E olatiles inHedypathesbetulinus oward aCombinationofMaleSex )-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien- )-6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undeca- 225 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 226 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 chain hydrocarbonnotfoundonthecuticleofEAB. contained 3-methyl-tricosanethansolutionscontainingmalebodywashorastraight- Male EABalsospentmoretimeininvestigationofbeetlesandsolutionapplications that in somecases,comparedwithapplyingadropletofthesamesolutiontofilter paper. strate forchemicalapplicationmadeasignificantdifferenceinmaleinvestigation time elytra ofdeadfemalebeetlesfirstwashedinsolvent.Thepresenceabeetle as asub- presented withoneofseveralmixturesappliedinhexanetofilterpaperdisksor tothe dead, unwashedfemalepinnedbeetles.Inthelaboratory, sexuallymaturemaleswere 3-methyl-tricosane atlowerconcentrations.Malesspentthemosttimeinvestigating dose of3-methyl-tricosanethanwithsolvent-washedbeetlesorthosecoated in copulation withdead,pinnedfemalebeetlescoatedathree-beetle-equivalent pound todead,solvent-washedbeetles.Malesspentsignificantlymoretimeattempting male EABforbehavioralchangesbasedontheapplicationofafemalespecific com- there aredifferencesinthesecompoundsbetweengenders.We thenassessedferal profile usingmodifiedsolid-phasemicroextraction(SPME)fiberstodetermine whether Emerald ashborers(EAB),Agrilusplanipennis,weresampledforcuticularhydrocarbon Corresponding author:[email protected] Chemistry Department,Lexington,VA (THJ) VMI (IF, MI VCM); Brighton, USDA–APHIS–PPQ, JHT,TCB); KB, PA (JPL, Park, University University, State Pennsylvania The Entomology, of Center forChemicalEcology, Department and BakerTC Jones K, JP, Lelito Böröczky Determine ConspecificGender to Buprestidae), (Coleoptera: Fairmaire Borers, Agrilusplanipennis Behavioral E vidence for a Contact Cue Cue Contact a for vidence TH , Fraser Fraser , U I , , sed by by sed M astro astro M V ale ale C, C, T E umlinson J umlinson merald merald A sh sh H , 1. Trans. R.Soc.N.Z.,Zool.7:195–204. the rangeofC27–C29. pheromone componentsofwhichthemostactivecompoundsare(Z)-monoalkenesin fractionation ofthefemalebody-washleadtoidentificationseveralcontactsex rated hydrocarbonsasthemajorcomponentsoffemalecuticle.Behavior-guided elicit suchresponse.Analysisofthehexaneextractrevealedsaturatedandunsatu- tapping femalemodelswithreappliedbody-wash,whereaswashedfemalesdidnot killed femalesweredippedinhexane.Mostofthemalesattemptedcopulationafter contact playsakeyroleinthecourtshipbehavior(1).To testthisinabioassay, freeze- antennal that and canopy the in up higher trunk the on occurs mating that reported In NorthAmerica,S.noctilioisamajorpestofseveralpinespecies.Previousstudies Corresponding author:[email protected] Syracuse, NY(KEZ) Military InstituteChemistryDepartment,Lexington,VA (THJ);USDA,APHIS,PPQ,North Virginia VCM); (DJC, MA ANGB, Otis PPQ, APHIS, USDA, JHT); (KB, PA Park, University Center forChemicalEcology, DepartmentofEntomology, The PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, and T Böröczky K,CrookDJ,JonesTH,ZylstraKEMastroVC, tact SexPheromoneComponentsoftheWoodwasp Sirexnoctilio What aDifferenceCoatMakes:CuticularHydrocarbonsasCon- umlinson JH 227 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 228 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 3. J.Entomol.Sci.(2005)40:93–95. 2. Environ.Entomol.(2008)37:356–365. 1. J.For. (2006)104:118–124. discussed inlightofaneffectivesemiochemical-based monitoringsystemforEAB. ( being developedtoobtainfieldbaitquantitiesof(–)-eremophilenefrom Buddahwood to attractmaleandfemaleEABinthefield(2).Isolationpurification methodsare compounds (6).StickytrapsbaitedwitheitherManukaorPhoebeoilhave beenshown oil fromtheBrazilianwalnuttree,Phoebeporosa,containsatleastfiveofidentified of identifiedsesquiterpeneswiththeexception7-epi-sesquithujene (5).Similarly, the ( NMR, polarimetry, andmicrochemicalreactions.TheessentialoiloftheManukatree GC-MS, by was Identification HPLC. nitrate/silica silver was compounds two the for sesquithujene andpreviouslyunidentified(–)-eremophilene.Thekeyisolation procedure GC-EAD studieswithwhiteashbarkvolatilesshowedtwoactivesesquiterpenes, 7-epi- β both maleandfemaleEAB.Fiveofthesesixcompoundswereidentifiedasβ ungirdled trees,andGC-EADstudiesshowedsixantennallyactivesesquiterpenesfor green ashtreeshaveanelevatedreleaseofvolatilebarksesquiterpenescomparedwith as apheromoneinEAB(4).Thebehavioraleffectsofthislactoneisdiscussed.Girdled nately female-producedmacrocycliclactone,(3Z but nonehavesofarbeenidentifiedintheBuprestidae. We haveidentifiedapredomi- insects, pest detect to used been have Pheromones (1,2,3). development under currently detection areurgentlyneeded.Semiochemical-baitedtrapsformonitoringEAB methods arelabor-intensive andrelativelyexpensiveimprovedmethodsofbeetle surveys andtheuseofgirdledtraptreestodetectpresencebeetles.Both visual on heavily relied areas, infestation low in especially methods, detection EAB of Illinois,Indiana,Ohio,Pennsylvania,Maryland,West Virginia,andOntario,Canada. the Detroitarea,beetleshaverapidlyspreadthroughoutMichiganandintoportions pennsylvanica), blackash(F. nigra ), andwhiteash(F. americana).Sinceitsdetectionin nus spp.)sincearrivingintheUnitedStates2002.Especiallyhardhitaregreenash(F. invasive beetlespeciesfromAsiathathascausedextensivemortalityofashtrees(Fraxi- Emerald ashborer(EAB),AgrilusplanipennisFairmaire(Coleoptera:Buprestidae),isan Eremophila mitchelli)oilandthebehavioreffectsofthiscompoundotherswillbe Leptospermum scoparium)containsmanydifferentvolatilecompoundsincludingfive -copaene, 7-epi-sesquithujene,trans-β Khrimian A,andMastroVC Corresponding author:[email protected] (AK) Brighton, MI(IF);USDA–APHIS–PPQ,Otis,MA(DJC,VCM);USDA–ARS–IIBBL,Beltsville,MD USDA–APHIS–PPQ, BWZ); RJB, (AAC, IL Peoria, Crop BioprotectionUnit,USDA–ARS–NCAUR, Cossé Produced MacrocyclicLactoneandtoAshBarkV Borer, Agrilusplanipennis(Coleoptera:Buprestidae)toFemale- and Behavioral AA , Bartelt Bartelt , E lectrophysiological lectrophysiological R J, Zilkowski BW, Fraser BW, Fraser Zilkowski J, -caryophyllene, andβ 6. FlavourFragranceJ.(1994)9:179–186. 5. Phytochemistry(2004)65:1255–1264. 4. J.Chem.Ecol.(2007)33:1299–1302. )-dodecen-12-olide, thatcouldserve R esponses of of esponses I , Crook Crook , -humulene (2). At NCAUR, NCAUR, At (2). -humulene olatiles E merald merald D J, J, -cubebene, -cubebene, A sh sh vis-à-vis thepheromoneintractablespeciesofLygus andLygocoris plantbugs. relativus, P. difficilis,andP. calli)orindirectly(P.) studiedarediscussed breviusculus P. the fivePhytocorisspecieswhosepheromoneshavebeendirectly(P. californicus, tive isolationfromothersympatricspecies.Thepatternsobservedforpheromonesof dancy inthepheromoneofP. callimayactuallybeinvolvedinmaintainingreproduc- on thepheromonesofPhytocorisspeciessuggeststhatapparentchemicalredun- dramatically reducestheattractionofP. callimales.Evidencefrompreviousresearch the fullfour-component blend,butremovalofbothE2HAandOAfromthefullblend two ternaryblends,HA/OA/E2OAandHA/E2HA/E2OA,wereeachasattractive tive tomales,anditwassignificantlylessactivethanthefour-component blend.The male attraction.However, thebinaryblendofHAandE2OAwasonlyslightlyattrac- cause deletionofeitheresterfromtheblendresultedinatotalshutoffconspecific ( the female-specificcompounds(E glands. Thepheromoneconsistsofhexylacetate(HA;presentinbothsexes),with Female PhytocoriscalliKnightproduceasexpheromonefrommetathoracicscent E )-2-octenyl acetate (E2OA). HA and E2OA are key components of the pheromone, be- Corresponding author:[email protected] Baltimore Ave., Beltsville,MD20705(JRA) 10300 B-007, BARC-West, Laboratory, Behavior and Biocontrol Insect Invasive USDA–ARS Sterling International,Inc.,Bldg16BV, 3808N.SullivanRd.,Spokane,WA 99216(Q-HZ); Zhang Q-HandAldrichJR (Heteroptera: Miridae) Sex PheromoneofthePlantBugPhytocoriscalliKnight )-2-hexenyl acetate(E2HA),octyl(OA),and 229 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 230 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 3. Eur. J.Org.Chem.(2006)2309. 2. Tetrahedron. Lett.(1986)27:565. 1. JACS(1991)113:1047. Four stereoisomersof5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone C A S,S-hydroxy ketoneat>90%eewithoutanyoptimisation. enantioselective. Ourpreliminaryresultsshowthatthereductionofdiketonegave sunroot, andparsniptissuescarriedoutthisreactioninvariousyields.Allreactionswere Manioc, Baker’s isomers. yeastinthediketonereductionpreparationofanti deprotection sequencesofalcohols.Finally, weattemptedtoreplacethelowyielding potato andsweettissuesispotentiallyinterestingforhydrolysisingeneral This reaction,whichalsofailedusinglipasesandchemicalhydrolysis,succeeded investigated. was also chromatography, column by separable diastereomerically are e.g., carrotandbeetroot.Thehydrolysisofthecorrespondingketobenzoates,which roots, various from tissues plant whole using out carried easily was acetates keto of and eliminationoftheformedalcoholoccurredinstantly. We foundthatthehydrolysis hydrolysis failedinalkalineaswellacidicconditionsduetotheα Chemical lipases. using alcohols corresponding the to back transformed be not could hydroxy ketonesandketoacetatesfromthepairofdiastereomers,but and iodomethane(3).Commerciallipaseswereusedtoobtainthepureenantiomersof reduction of4-methyl-3,5-heptadione(2),whichwaspreparedfrom3,5-heptanedione 3-pentanone andpropanal(1)theantiisomers(AB)fromaBaker’s yeast from reaction Alder Diels selective a by synthesized were D) and (C isomers The syn D B Corresponding author:[email protected] School ofPureandAppliedNaturalSciences,UniversityKalmar, Kalmar, Sweden U Bohman BandUneliusCR Sitona discoideus 5- of se of Plant Plant of se H ydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone–Potential ydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone–Potential T issues issues T oward a a oward N ew ew S ynthesis of of ynthesis S ex Pheromones of of Pheromones ex A ll ll S tereoisomers tereoisomers hydrogen 2. InsectBiochem.Mol.Biol.(2006)36:835–845. 1. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(2005)102:9760–9765. Agricultural ExperimentStation. This workwassupportedbyNationalScienceFoundationgrant0719279andtheNevada the ipsdienolsubstratesandproductsfromipsdienoneisunderinvestigation. reduces ipsdienonetoipsdienolinthepresenceofNADPH.Thestereochemistry oxidoreductase readilyconvertsipsdienoltoipsdienoneinthepresenceofNADP, and compared withfemales,similartootherpheromoneproducinggenes.Thisexpressed regulated inmidguttissueanddemonstratesamuchhigherbasallevelmales showed thatthreeoxidoreductaseswerepresentinmidguttissue,andoneisup- stereospecificity seemstoinvolveanoxidoreductase.MicroarrayandRT-PCR data ipsdienol determines that production pheromone in step final The (–)/(+)]. 10:90 of pheromone blendof95:5(–)/(+)]andIpsconfusus[whichusesa producing an80:20mixtureofthe(–)/(+)enantiomersinbothIpspini[whichusesa ipsdienol, to myrcene hydroxylates (2) P450 cytochrome A synthase. myrcene a as through aprocessthatinvolvesgeranyldiphosphatesynthase(1)alsofunctions Ips spp.producemostoftheirpheromonecomponentsdenovoinmidguttissue V Blomquist GJ,FigueroaT of thePheromoneBlend Corresponding author:[email protected] R3B2E9 (DV) TRF, AG,PS,CT);DepartmentofChemistry, UniversityofWinnipeg,Canada Department ofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology, UniversityofNevada,Reno,NV(GJB, A T spp.: spp.: erminal StepsinIpsdienolBiosynthesisIps anderwel D,andT n Oxidoreductase Oxidoreductase n ittiger C D etermines the Final Final the etermines eran R,GilgASandstromP, S tereospecificity tereospecificity 231 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 232 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 uropygial glandsecretionsofbirds. NMR techniquescouldbeusedasananalyticaltoolforstudyingchemophylogeny of Thus, properties. physical similar very have they although species, different in widely different speciesshowNMRpatterns,thusprovingthatthecomponents differ uropygial glandsecretionofhousesparrows.We alsoshowthatthephylogenetically a knownlongchainesterhexadecylhexadecanoate,weanalyzedthe components ofthe of thestructures.Using carbons. Furthermore,the2DtechniquessuchasDQCOSY, HSQCcanhelpinelucidation highly branchedcompoundscanberecognizedbythecarbonshiftsof the substituted affect onthechemicalshiftsofcarbonsthatareasfarremoved δ tivity ofthesubstitutions,hybridizationandγ 2D) torevealthestructuralcomplexityofmixture. some detailsofthestructuresthesecomponents.We usedNMRtechniques(1Dand rated fromeachotherbyGC-MS.MS-MStechniquedoesgivesomelimitedinsightto ture. Duetocomplexityofthemixtures,individualcomponentscannotbeeasilysepa- GC-MS isoneofthemostcommonlyusedtechniquestoseparateandidentifymix- acid componentsoftheesters. sometimes hydroxylgroupsatvariouspositionsofthecarbonchainsbothalcoholand and alcohols.Theselong-chaincomponentsareusuallysubstitutedbymethyl,ethyl, waxy components.Waxy components aremostlymadeupofesterslong-chainacids in goodconditions.Thesecretioncontainsmixturesofbothpolarandmajornonpolar them maintain to feathers the to apply to used is which secretion, fluid semi produces Birds possessaholocrineglandontherump,knownasuropygialgland.The of substitutionsclose(α NMR ismuchmoreusefulindeducingbranchingas Corresponding author:[email protected] Plant Biology, CornellUniversity, Ithaca,NY(ER) Cornell LabofOrnithology(MMH,AAD);DepartmentMolecularMedicine(RO); Haribal MM,OswaldREDhondtAAandRodriguezE Mixtures ofLongChainEstersUropygialGlandSecretionsBirds 1D and2NMRT 1 echniques toElucidateStructuresofComplex toγ H and substitutions)tocarbonylandalcoholgroupsofesters. 13 C predictions(Chemdrawsoftware)andcomparingwith -gauche effects.Thesubstitutionscanhave 13 C shiftsarebasedonelectronega- 1 H NMRhelpsinlocatingtypes CH3, C2H5, OH, etc. etc. OH, C2H5, CH3, = etc. R3, R2, R1, R, position. Thus, Thus, position. 13 C management ofmangopestisdiscussed. 21 s,withpeakmatingtimeat11:00AM.Thesignificanceofthisfindingtoward 31 sisneededbeforemountingoccursbetweenintactpairs,whichlastsfor3min showed thatantennaeandvisionareimportantformaterecognition.Threeminutes females inaT-shaped olfactometer. Matingbetweendeantennatedandintactbeetles between intactbeetlesincutfruitandpetridishes.Maleswereattractedto collected fromsixMangiferaindicafarmsinPerlis,Malaysia.Matingwasobserved Adult Lasiodactuspictus(N Corresponding author:[email protected] Institute ofBiologicalSciences,FacultyScience,UniversityMalaya,50603KualaLumpur Abdullah F (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Mating BehaviorandPheromoneStudiesofLasiodactuspictus =364)wereobtainedfromdamagedmangofruit(N =104) =104) 233 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PARALLELL SESSION 6 234 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Chemical EcologyMemories President’s Hall, ThePennStaterConferenceCenter Hotel Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Management, and Policy Science, Environmental of Department University ofCalifornia,Berkeley, CA Speaker: DavidL.Wood,

Banquet Speech THURSDAY, 21 AUGUST 235 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 236 SUN MON TUE WED THUTHU FRI BANQUET SPEech discipline, organism(s) studied,ecosystemfunction(producers, consumers,andde- would berepresentative ofthemembership.Awardees wereclassifiedbyscientific awards asanindicatorofthetrends inresearchoftheISCE.Iassumedthatthis mid-career scientificachievement. Ichosetoreviewtheworkofwinnersthese Wilhelm Bolandreceivedthefirst Silverstein/Simeone Lecture Award forsignificant 1984 inBerkeley, CA,toRobertM.(Milt)Silverstein, andin1995LosAndes,Chile The SilverMedalforcareerachievement inchemicalecologywasfirstawarded president. first the was Brower Lincoln TX. Austin, in held was meeting annual first The InternationalSocietyofChemicalEcology(ISCE)wasfoundedin1983andthe summarized inmorethan10bookspublishedduringthisperiod. diversity ofnewbiologicallyactivechemicalswasdiscovered.Thesestudies were and primereffectsbythesamecompound,others.Attime, anamazing disruption, structuralandenantiomericspecificity, interspecificinteractions,releaser e.g., multicomponentchemicalstimuli,synergismamongcomponents, interruption/ discovered, were phenomena biological new many period this during Also more. many scorpion, minnow, boar, black-taileddeer, pronghornantelope,rhesusmonkey, and bollworm, Europeancornborer, monarch,leaf-cutting ant,housefly, millipede,whip- weevil, groundbeetle,cabbagelooper, redbanded leafroller, Indianmealmoth,pink boll beetle, carpet beetles, ambrosia and bark bee, honey mold, slime mold, water taxa: diverse in organisms many from identified were compounds active biologically 1975, in In theperiodleadinguptofirstissueofJournalChemicalEcology important componentsofecologicalinvestigations. cal interactionsamongandbetweenspecies.Thesearethemost decade the“language”ofchemicalecologyhadbeencreatedtocharacterizechemi- chemicals actingasmessagesbetweenorganisms“semiochemicals.”Withina all defined Regnier and Law 1971, In interactions. “allelochemical” as species other tions thataffectthegrowth,health,behavior, orpopulationbiologyofindividuals the receiver(kairomone).WhittakerandFeenyin1971classifiedchemicalinterac- interspecific chemicalmessageswherethemessagebenefitssender(allomone) or ment ofthereceiver. Brown,Eisner, andWhittakerin1970proposednewtermsfor a behavioralresponsebythereceivingindividualoras“primers”thatalterdevelop- species. WilsonandBossertin1963describedthesecompoundsas“releasers”of for aclassofbiologicallyactivesubstancesthataffectindividualsthesame ecology. Inthesameyear, KarlsonandLüscherproposedanew term,“pheromones,” chemical in study founding the as cited often is 1959 in colleagues and Butenandt from bacteriatoprimates.Theidentificationofthesilkwormmothsexattractantby organisms, all of survival the in role major a play systems communication Chemical Banquet andAwards CeremonySpeaker:[email protected] Berkeley, CA94720 California, of University Management, and Department ofEnvironmentalScience,Policy Wood DL Chemical EcologyMemories derivatives, terpenes,andothers)thatservemaytobenefithumansurvival. new compounds(alkaloids,aminoacids,fattyacidderivatives,proteins,shikimic among organisms.Meanwhile,weapplaudourcolleagueswhohavediscoveredmany on thephysiologyandmolecularbiologyoftransductionchemicalsignals plants areimportantstepstowardsthisgoal.Thereisasignificanttrendinresearch of tritrophicinteractionsamongherbivorousinsects,parasitoidsandpredators, the guildandcommunitylevelsofbiologicalorganization.Thefewinvestigations with othertaxainordertobuildafoundationforthestudyofinteractingspeciesat investigations withagreaterfocusonecology. Manyfrontiersremaintobeexplored ers andmostareherbivores.However, theISCEawardsprobablyunderrepresent isms (34/37),especially, beetles,moths,andants.Allorganismsstudiedareconsum- biologists weredominant(27/37)andinsectswere,byfar, themoststudiedorgan- contributions ofthe37awardwinnersrevealsthatchemists/biochemists/molecular composers), feedinghabitsofconsumers,andecosystemelements.Ananalysisthe and SteveSeybold. This themewasdevelopedwiththecollaborationofJimTumlinson, Julie Tillman, 237 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI BANQUET SPEech 238 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI T ravel A wards

Travel Awards 239 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 240 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Travel Awards Gonzalez-T and PathogenDefence Components ofExtrafloralNectar:Their Function inAntAttraction Gómez S,FerrieriRA,SchuellerM,andOriansCM Short-Term ResourceAllocationin NicotianatabacuminResponsetoHerbivory Frick S,BurseA,SchmidtandBolandW in ChrysomelinaLarvaePhaedoncochleariae Identification ofBranchPointEnzymeswithintheIridoidBiosynthesis Eilmus SandHeilM and TheirPutativeRoleinNitrogenFixation Unexplored DiversityofBacteriainArborealAntsGenus Dossey AT andEdisonAS (Order Phasmatodea) Walkingsticks asModelsforChemicalBiodiversityandBiosynthesis Dabrowska P, FreitakD,Vogel H,andBolandW and ItsSignificancefortheHerbivore Enzyme-Assisted Isomerizationof12-OxophytodienoicAcidintheInsectGut Costa AandReeveJD Ipsenol, inaCleridPredator Signals: OlfactoryExperienceModifiesResponsestoaPreyPheromone, How aGeneralistPredatorofBarkBeetlesCanDealwithVariety ofPrey Cogni R,Trigo JR,andFutuymaDJ in anArctiidMoth(Utetheisaornatrix) A FreeMeal:NoCostsforAcquiringDefensivePlantAlkaloids Brennan JC,DenisonMS,HolstegeDM,andMillamJR Detection andIdentificationofEstrogenicCompoundsinaPolygonumSpecies Arab A,AlvesMN,SartorattoOgasawaraDC,MassaneG,andTrigo JR suaveolens (Solanaceae):IstheTropane AlkaloidScopolamineResponsible? Methyl Jasmonate-InducedResponsesReduceNaturalHerbivoryonBrugmansia Appiah EF, Afreh-NuamahK,andObeng-OforiD and AbundanceDistributionofMediterraneanFruitFly, Ceratitiscapitata Relationship betweenFruitingPhenologyofLateValencia Citrus(sinensis) Aboshi T, Yoshinaga N,NishidaR,andMoriN Phospholipid BiosynthesesinSpodopteralituraGutTissues euber MandHeil T rave l Aw ards Pseudomyrmex 119 163 209 137 135 154 152 73 72 82 81 46 Mallory HSandWeiss MR Olfaction: ANeglectedSenseinthePrayingMantis Khan MA,BlackshawRE,andMarwatKB Allelopathy: ProblemsandOpportunities and MoriN Ishikawa C,Yoshinaga N,AboshiT, LaitCG,OnoH,NishidaR,Tumlinson JH, and TheirElicitorActivity Identification ofNovel Volicitin-Related CompoundsfromManducasexta Webster B,BruceTJA,BirkettMA,HardieJ,andPickettJA Host RecognitionintheAbsenceofHost-Specific Volatile Compounds Host LocationintheBlackBeanAphid, Wang LandOberD Zonocerus variegatus(Orthoptera)AdaptedtoPyrrolizidineAlkaloids Investigation ofaSpecificDetoxifyingEnzymefromtheAfricanGrasshopper V Their SocialEnvironment Production ofAlarmPheromonebyDevelopingAphidsVaries inResponseto Steiner andRutherJ Competition? AnOlfactoryApproach How ImportantIsSexforFemalesofaHaplodiploidSpeciesunderLocalMate Schachtschabel D,SchlichtM,BaluskaF, andBolandW Apocarotenoids—Signaling CompoundsofZygomycetesandPlants? Peñaflor MFGVandBentoJMS Telenomus remusNixon(Hym.,Scelionidae) position InducesVolatile EmissioninMaizeThatAttractstheEggParasitoid Fall Armyworm,Spodopterafrugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lep.,Noctuidae),Ovi- Miresmailli SandIsmanMB tiles forMonitoringGreenhouseCropsbyElectronicChemo-Sensors Intelligent PestMonitoring:CreatingaDatabaseofPest-InducedPlantVola - Lo GiudiceD,McelfreshJS,MillarJG,PeriE,andColazzaS That InduceArrestmentintheEggParasitoid Chemical CharacterizationoftheFootprintsLeftbyAdult erheggen FJ,MescherMC,HaubrugeE,andDeMoraesCM Aphis fabae(Homoptera:Aphididae): Trissolcus basalis Nezara viridula 122 212 133 174 134 171 167 58 48 41 31 241 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI Travel Awards 242 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI The ISCE presenters of talks and posters are listed here; here; listed are posters and talks of presenters ISCE The coauthors arelistedineachabstracttheauthorline. Presenter Index A Z PRESENTER INDEX 243 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI 244 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PRESENTER INDEX D C B A

Baker TC Cabrera A Dabrowska P Abdullah F Doubský J Dötterl S Dossey AT Dickens JC De Vos M De MoraesC Dean JM Cui H Costa A Cossé AA Colazza S Cogni R Chuang W-P Choi MY Cha DH Butler SM Buda V Brennan JC Böröczky K Bonello P Boland W Bohman B Boddum T Blomquist GJ Bergström G Bento JMS Belliure B Becerra JX Barata EN Ayasse M Armbruster WS Arab A Appiah EF Appel H Ando Anderson J Allison JD Aldrich JR Alborn HT Ahn S-J Agrawal AA Aboshi T ¯ ˛ T 160 109 81 159 126 28 80 46 158 137 228 79 135 157 78 217 156 77 76, 155 154 227 200 207 230 153 231 147 74 197 187 143 54 108 186 152 73 125 224 140 55 132 43 151 191 72 233 L K J I H G F E IshikawaC LapointeSL JangEB FauzeeF

Eigenbrode SD Garms S Karban R Halloran ST Lemmen J Lelito JP Kushalappa AC Konno K Kim J Khan MA Katsumata A Kariyat RR Jurenka R Jiros P Jansen JJ Hoffmann-Campo CB Hofferberth J Hiltpold I Heil M Hefetz A Hassan MN Haribal MM Harari AR Hansson BS Han Y Guédot C Grant GG Gonzalez-Teuber M González A Gómez S Glinwood R Geiselhardt S Frick S Fraser AM Foster SP Fescemeyer HW Ferrieri RA Ferrieri A Erb M Eilmus S 118 89 210 161 63 226 201 129 42 31 91 169 27 90 168 120 167 88 115 38 190 59 166 232 62 53 87 165 86 164 119 85 163 29 113 209 114 84 162 124 83 39 82 196 S R Q P N M L LevesqueH

Mallory HS Sasuclark M Raguso R Park KC Schwartzberg EG Schuurink R Schultz JC Schramm K Schiebe C Schal C Schachtschabel D Rostás M Röse USR Rodriguez-Saona C Robbins PS Reddy GVP Rasmann S Ramsey JS Pierik R Pickett JA Petschenka G Peñaflor MFGV Peiffer M Pearse IS Mylonas P Musser RO Mozuraitis R Mori N Mitter C Miresmailli S Millar JG Michalski C Mescher MC McNeil JN Mauck KM Martel V Marques FA Lo GiudiceD Linn CE Lim H Light DM Li XG Noge K Quaghebeur HM ¯ 98 214 32 128 176 202 48 199 208 213 97 57 61 40 175 110 30 26 127 174 45 192 96 218 95 136 44 173 47 188 41 223 211 198 60 172 93 75 171 134 56 142 92 170 141 Z Y W V U T S

Zarbin PHG Tatsis EC Uma D Shapiro LR Wang L Valterová I Zwahlen C Zhu JJ Zhao T Zhang Y Zhang Q-H Wood DL Witzgall P Williams L Weiss MR Webster B Vosshall LB Vogel H Verheggen FJ Vereecken NJ Vander MeerRK Urru I Tian D Tebayashi S Szulewski KR Svatoš A Stephenson AG Steiner S Soroker V Smith S Siderhurst MS Showalter DN Yoshinaga N 37 64 183 104 229 225 182 236 215 103 181 122 212 69 189 133 111 139 102 112 138 180 101 179 94 121 216 58 123 100 178 99 177 245 SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI PRESENTER INDEX Cover photo by “Pastorale” is one of the most beautiful images ever made by local photographer Bill Coleman Bill Coleman. Best known for his photos of a remote and barely known Amish village, his work shows a sensitivity to, and a genuine enthusiasm for, the gestures and character of the Amish people. Through these images he reveals to us an America that once was - and possibly still is.

For more information about Bill Coleman’s 36 year photographic odyssey, visit www.amishphoto.com Anniversary MEETING

25th