Groundwater protection and drinking water supply in

Troels K. Bjerre, Senior Project Manager, VCS VCS Denmark Technical key figures

• 155.000 inhabitants supplied (85% of Odense ) • 48.500 water meters • 9,3 mill. m3 pumped out • 1.000 km of pipeline • 2 high level reservoirs with a total volume of 40.000 m3 • 9 pressure booster stations • 5 remote controlled waterworks • 45 production wells Groundwater abstraction

• Drinking water production based on groundwater • Groundwater abstraction on 7 wellfields • Abstraction wells are 25 to 100 meters deep (shallow aquifers) • Aquifers: Glacial sand- and gravel deposits and to a small extend chalk • Aquifers are vulnerable to groundwater pollution Abstraction permissions

Kildeplads Tilladelse 1,8 mio. m3/år Borreby 1,6 mio. m3/år Dalum 1 mio. m3/år Eksercermarken 1,2 mio. m3/år Holmehaven 5,5 mio. m3/år Lindved 2,1 mio. m3/år Lunde 1 mio. m3/år Nr. Søby 0 mio. m3/år Trøstrup 0,2 mio. m3/år Total 14 mio. m3/år Drinking water treatment

Aeration Drinking and water filtration tank

Production wells National Drinking Water Policy

“Production of drinking water should be based on clean ground water – no advanced treatment” Groundwater pollution Consumption of pesticides

Consumption (tonnes/year) 2 Private households 44 Agriculture 3.965

Desphenyl-chloridazone (DPC) DPC in production wells

26 %

51 % < 0,01 µg/l

0,01 - 0,1 µg/l 23 %

>0,1 µg/l Action plans for groundwater protection

• National hydrogeological investigation of the groundwater ressources • Financed by tax on drinking water • From 1999 - 2015: 350 mill. Euro • Municipal action plans for groundwater protection • Targeted measures Groundwater protection strategy Program of measures

• Joint financing of municipal and state funded afforestation • Joint financing of private funded afforestation • Support for private afforestation • Agricultural land use agreements • Plugging of old and unused wells • Public avareness • … • … • … • … Zonation of the catchments

• Groundwater recharge • Vulnerability • Groundwater traveltime Bolbro Wellfield

Why afforestation?

• No use of pesticides and fertilizers. • Space for drinking water infrastructure. • National Forest Regulation from 1805

• Synergies (biodiversity, recreation and health, accumulation of CO2 etc.)

Kilde: Det Miljøøkonomiske Råd 2015 ”shared value” Afforestation partnerships Fælled (2013) Fælled Ringkøbing Skov (2016) Skov Ringkøbing (2016) Skov Assens Havnbjerg Skov (2016) Skov Havnbjerg Solhøj (2013)ved Hjørring Skove (2013) Rugballegård Hørup Skov (2013) Skov Hørup Greve og Kildebrønde Skov (2014) Skov og Kildebrønde Greve Slagelse Skov (2013) Skov Slagelse Sperrestrup Skov (2005) Skov Sperrestrup Anebjerg Skov (2007) Skov Anebjerg Skævinge Skov og Gørløse Skov (2005) Skov og Gørløse Skov Skævinge Tune Skov (2007) Skov Tune True Skov (2005) Skov True Benløse Skov (2004) Skov Benløse Elmelund (2001) Skov Himmelev Skov (2003) Skov Himmelev Solbjerg Skov (2002) Skov Solbjerg Hvinningdal Skov (1998) Skov Hvinningdal (2002) Skove og Poulstrup Drastrup

2000 2005 2010 2015 Aars Skov (2015) Skov Aars (2015) Skov Gulddysse Himmerig Skov (2015) Skov Himmerig Bolbro Wellfield Elmelund Project

• Groundwater protection of Bolbro and Eksercermarken Wellefield • Partnership between VCS Denmark, Odense Municipality and The Nature Agency • Joint financing of municipal and state funded afforestation • Approximately 380 ha acquired for afforestation through land consolidation • Voluntary participation of landowners Elmelund Project: Partnership aggreement Progress Buttom line

Total costs ( mill. kr.) Total costs (mill. Euro) VCS Denmark 70 9,3 The Natur Agency 40 5,3 Odense Municipality 9 1,2 Sum 119 15,8 Synergy

• Groundwater protection • Recreation and public health • Biodiversity • Carbon sequestration • Source of renewable energi • Production of wood ”To the man who only has a hammer, everything he encounters begins to look like a nail”

Quote: Abraham Maslow Borreby Wellfield Brylle Water Forest

• Groundwater protection of Borreby Wellfield • Partnership between VCS Denmark and Hedeselskabet • The first afforestation partnership in Denmark between a water utility and a private partner • Acquisition of farmland through land consolidation • Voluntary participation of land owners • VCS Denmark contribute with 60 % of the acquisition costs • Hedeselskabet are responsible for afforestation, operation and maintanance Project organisation

• VCS Denmark • Hedeselskabet • Orbicon (consultant) • HedeDanmark (afforestation) • Assens Kommune • Odense Kommune Proces

• Partnership agreement in 2014 • Preliminary investigation in 2014/2015 • Project agreement in the summer of 2015 • Land consolidation, fase 1 in 2015/2016 • Afforestation, fase 1 in the spring of 2017 • Opening of Brylle Water Forest the 7th of may 2017 • Land consolidation, fase 2 in 2016/2017 • Land consolidation, fase 3 in 2017/2018 • Afforestation, fase 2 in the spring of 2018 • Land consolidation, fase 4 in 2018/2019 • Afforestation, fase 3 in the spring of 2019 • Celebration of Brylle Water Forest on the 1st of september 2019 • Afforestation, fase 4 in 2019/2020 Progress

00 0,50,5 11 kilometerkilometer Progress in numbers

Protection measure Protected area (ha) Private afforestation (Hedeselskabet) 132 Private afforestation (local farmers) 9 Municipal forest 15 Agricultural land use agreements 4 Sum 160 Bottom line (VCS Denmark)

• Total cost: ~ 3 mill. Euro • ~ 19.000 Euro/ha • The proces: ~ 30 % of the total costs! ~ 500 hours ~ 2000 hours Synergy

• Groundwater protection • Recreation and public health • Biodiversity • Carbon sequestration • Source of renewable energi • Production of wood

• Addressing land fragmentation through land consolidation • Rural development • … • …

Creating community

00 0,50,5 11 kilometerkilometer Borreby Waterwork Questions?