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Resting and Active Properties of Pyramidal Neurons in Subiculum and CA1 of Rat Hippocampus
Resting and Active Properties of Pyramidal Neurons in Subiculum and CA1 of Rat Hippocampus NATHAN P. STAFF, HAE-YOON JUNG, TARA THIAGARAJAN, MICHAEL YAO, AND NELSON SPRUSTON Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 Received 22 March 2000; accepted in final form 8 August 2000 Staff, Nathan P., Hae-Yoon Jung, Tara Thiagarajan, Michael region (Chrobak and Buzsaki 1996; Colling et al. 1998). Sub- Yao, and Nelson Spruston. Resting and active properties of pyrami- iculum has been shown to be the major output center of the dal neurons in subiculum and CA1 of rat hippocampus. J Neuro- hippocampus, to which it belongs, sending parallel projections physiol 84: 2398–2408, 2000. Action potentials are the end product of synaptic integration, a process influenced by resting and active neu- from various subicular regions to different cortical and subcor- ronal membrane properties. Diversity in these properties contributes tical areas (Naber and Witter 1998). Functionally, the principal to specialized mechanisms of synaptic integration and action potential neurons of the subiculum appear to be “place cells,” similar to firing, which are likely to be of functional significance within neural those of CA1 (Sharp and Green 1994); and in a human mag- circuits. In the hippocampus, the majority of subicular pyramidal netic resonance imaging (MRI) study, subiculum was shown to neurons fire high-frequency bursts of action potentials, whereas CA1 be an area involved in memory retrieval (Gabrieli et al. 1997). pyramidal neurons exhibit regular spiking behavior when subjected to Therefore both CA1 and subiculum have been implicated in direct somatic current injection. -
A Non-Canonical Feedforward Pathway for Computing Odor Identity
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.28.317248; this version posted September 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. A non-canonical feedforward pathway for computing odor identity Honggoo Chae1♯, Arkarup Banerjee1,2,3♯ & Dinu F. Albeanu1,2* 1 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 2 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School for Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 3 current address - New York University Medical Center, New York, NY ♯ equal contribution * Correspondence: [email protected] Short title: Cell-type specific decoding of odor identity and intensity in the olfactory bulb Key words: mitral and tufted cells, piriform cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, cortical feedback, concentration invariant odor identity decoding, two photon calcium imaging, PCA, dPCA, linear and non-linear decoders bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.28.317248; this version posted September 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Sensory systems rely on statistical regularities in the experienced inputs to either group disparate stimuli, or parse them into separate categories1,2. While considerable progress has been made in understanding invariant object recognition in the visual system3–5, how this is implemented by olfactory neural circuits remains an open question6–10. The current leading model states that odor identity is primarily computed in the piriform cortex, drawing from mitral cell (MC) input6–9,11. -
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans Ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai
Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai To cite this version: Hans ten Donkelaar, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer, Jürgen Mai. Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Frontiers, 2018, 12, pp.93. 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093. hal-01929541 HAL Id: hal-01929541 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01929541 Submitted on 21 Nov 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 19 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00093 Toward a Common Terminology for the Gyri and Sulci of the Human Cerebral Cortex Hans J. ten Donkelaar 1*†, Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer 2† and Jürgen K. Mai 3† 1 Department of Neurology, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2 IMN Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 3 Institute for Anatomy, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany The gyri and sulci of the human brain were defined by pioneers such as Louis-Pierre Gratiolet and Alexander Ecker, and extensified by, among others, Dejerine (1895) and von Economo and Koskinas (1925). -
Differential Timing and Coordination of Neurogenesis and Astrogenesis
brain sciences Article Differential Timing and Coordination of Neurogenesis and Astrogenesis in Developing Mouse Hippocampal Subregions Allison M. Bond 1, Daniel A. Berg 1, Stephanie Lee 1, Alan S. Garcia-Epelboim 1, Vijay S. Adusumilli 1, Guo-li Ming 1,2,3,4 and Hongjun Song 1,2,3,5,* 1 Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; [email protected] (A.M.B.); [email protected] (D.A.B.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (A.S.G.-E.); [email protected] (V.S.A.); [email protected] (G.-l.M.) 2 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 3 Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 4 Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 5 The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 October 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 26 November 2020 Abstract: Neocortical development has been extensively studied and therefore is the basis of our understanding of mammalian brain development. One fundamental principle of neocortical development is that neurogenesis and gliogenesis are temporally segregated processes. However, it is unclear how neurogenesis and gliogenesis are coordinated in non-neocortical regions of the cerebral cortex, such as the hippocampus, also known as the archicortex. Here, we show that the timing of neurogenesis and astrogenesis in the Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 and CA3 regions of mouse hippocampus mirrors that of the neocortex; neurogenesis occurs embryonically, followed by astrogenesis during early postnatal development. -
Astrocyte Calcium Signals at Schaffer Collateral to CA1 Pyramidal Cell Synapses Correlate with the Number of Activated Synapses but Not with Synaptic Strength
HIPPOCAMPUS 00:000–000 (2010) Astrocyte Calcium Signals at Schaffer Collateral to CA1 Pyramidal Cell Synapses Correlate With the Number of Activated Synapses But Not With Synaptic Strength Silke D. Honsek, Corinna Walz, Karl W. Kafitz, and Christine R. Rose* ABSTRACT: Glial cells respond to neuronal activity by transient astrocytes mediate the clearance of glutamate from the increases in their intracellular calcium concentration. At hippocampal extracellular space through high-affinity transporters. Schaffer collateral to CA1 pyramidal cell synapses, such activity-induced This glutamate uptake shapes the time course of syn- astrocyte calcium transients modulate neuronal excitability, synaptic activ- ity, and LTP induction threshold by calcium-dependent release of gliotrans- aptic conductance, moderates the activation of extrasy- mitters. Despite a significant role of astrocyte calcium signaling in plasti- naptic receptors, and limits spillover of glutamate to city of these synapses, little is known about activity-dependent changes of adjacent synapses (Tzingounis and Wadiche, 2007). In astrocyte calcium signaling itself. In this study, we analyzed calcium transi- addition, astrocytes respond to synaptically released stratum radiatum ents in identified astrocytes and NG2-cells located in the glutamate with calcium transients that are mainly in response to different intensities and patterns of Schaffer collateral stimu- lation. To this end, we employed multiphoton calcium imaging with the caused by the activation of metabotropic glutamate low-affinity -
Dendritic Size of Pyramidal Neurons Differs Among Mouse Cortical
Cerebral Cortex July 2006;16:990--1001 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj041 Advance Access publication September 29, 2005 Dendritic Size of Pyramidal Neurons Differs Ruth Benavides-Piccione1,2, Farid Hamzei-Sichani2, Inmaculada Ballesteros-Ya´n˜ez1, Javier DeFelipe1 and Rafael Yuste1,2 among Mouse Cortical Regions 1Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain and 2HHMI, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-abstract/16/7/990/425668 by University of Massachusetts Medical School user on 19 February 2019 Neocortical circuits share anatomical and physiological similarities a series of basic circuit diagrams based on anatomical and among different species and cortical areas. Because of this, electrophysiological data (Douglas et al., 1989, 1995; Douglas a ‘canonical’ cortical microcircuit could form the functional unit and Martin, 1991, 1998, 2004). According to their hypothesis, of the neocortex and perform the same basic computation on the common transfer function that the neocortex performs on different types of inputs. However, variations in pyramidal cell inputs could be related to the amplification of the signal structure between different primate cortical areas exist, indicating (Douglas et al., 1989) or a ‘soft’ winner-take-all algorithm that different cortical areas could be built out of different neuronal (Douglas and Martin, 2004). These ideas agree with the re- cell types. In the present study, we have investigated the dendritic current excitation present in cortical tissue which could then architecture of 90 layer II/III pyramidal neurons located in different exert a top-down amplification and selection on thalamic inputs cortical regions along a rostrocaudal axis in the mouse neocortex, (Douglas et al., 1995). -
Development and Evolution of the Human Neocortex
Leading Edge Review Development and Evolution of the Human Neocortex Jan H. Lui,1,2,3 David V. Hansen,1,2,4 and Arnold R. Kriegstein1,2,* 1Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA 2Department of Neurology 3Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA 4Present address: Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS 230B, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.030 The size and surface area of the mammalian brain are thought to be critical determinants of intel- lectual ability. Recent studies show that development of the gyrated human neocortex involves a lineage of neural stem and transit-amplifying cells that forms the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), a proliferative region outside the ventricular epithelium. We discuss how proliferation of cells within the OSVZ expands the neocortex by increasing neuron number and modifying the trajectory of migrating neurons. Relating these features to other mammalian species and known molecular regulators of the mouse neocortex suggests how this developmental process could have emerged in evolution. Introduction marsupials begin to reveal how differences in neural progenitor Evolution of the neocortex in mammals is considered to be a key cell populations can result in neocortices of variable size and advance that enabled higher cognitive function. However, neo- shape. Increases in neocortical volume and surface area, partic- cortices of different mammalian species vary widely in shape, ularly in the human, are related to the expansion of progenitor size, and neuron number (reviewed by Herculano-Houzel, 2009). -
The Evolutionary Development of the Brain As It Pertains to Neurosurgery
Open Access Original Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6748 The Evolutionary Development of the Brain As It Pertains to Neurosurgery Jaafar Basma 1 , Natalie Guley 2 , L. Madison Michael II 3 , Kenan Arnautovic 3 , Frederick Boop 3 , Jeff Sorenson 3 1. Neurological Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA 2. Neurological Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA 3. Neurological Surgery, Semmes-Murphey Clinic, Memphis, USA Corresponding author: Jaafar Basma, [email protected] Abstract Background Neuroanatomists have long been fascinated by the complex topographic organization of the cerebrum. We examined historical and modern phylogenetic theories pertaining to microneurosurgical anatomy and intrinsic brain tumor development. Methods Literature and history related to the study of anatomy, evolution, and tumor predilection of the limbic and paralimbic regions were reviewed. We used vertebrate histological cross-sections, photographs from Albert Rhoton Jr.’s dissections, and original drawings to demonstrate the utility of evolutionary temporal causality in understanding anatomy. Results Phylogenetic neuroanatomy progressed from the substantial works of Alcmaeon, Herophilus, Galen, Vesalius, von Baer, Darwin, Felsenstein, Klingler, MacLean, and many others. We identified two major modern evolutionary theories: “triune brain” and topological phylogenetics. While the concept of “triune brain” is speculative and highly debated, it remains the most popular in the current neurosurgical literature. Phylogenetics inspired by mathematical topology utilizes computational, statistical, and embryological data to analyze the temporal transformations leading to three-dimensional topographic anatomy. These transformations have shaped well-defined surgical planes, which can be exploited by the neurosurgeon to access deep cerebral targets. The microsurgical anatomy of the cerebrum and the limbic system is redescribed by incorporating the dimension of temporal causality. -
Dendritic Size of Pyramidal Neurons Differs Among Mouse Cortical
Cerebral Cortex July 2006;16:990--1001 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj041 Advance Access publication September 29, 2005 Dendritic Size of Pyramidal Neurons Differs Ruth Benavides-Piccione1,2, Farid Hamzei-Sichani2, Inmaculada Ballesteros-Ya´n˜ez1, Javier DeFelipe1 and Rafael Yuste1,2 among Mouse Cortical Regions 1Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain and 2HHMI, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, USA Neocortical circuits share anatomical and physiological similarities a series of basic circuit diagrams based on anatomical and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/16/7/990/425668 by guest on 30 September 2021 among different species and cortical areas. Because of this, electrophysiological data (Douglas et al., 1989, 1995; Douglas a ‘canonical’ cortical microcircuit could form the functional unit and Martin, 1991, 1998, 2004). According to their hypothesis, of the neocortex and perform the same basic computation on the common transfer function that the neocortex performs on different types of inputs. However, variations in pyramidal cell inputs could be related to the amplification of the signal structure between different primate cortical areas exist, indicating (Douglas et al., 1989) or a ‘soft’ winner-take-all algorithm that different cortical areas could be built out of different neuronal (Douglas and Martin, 2004). These ideas agree with the re- cell types. In the present study, we have investigated the dendritic current excitation present in cortical tissue which could then architecture of 90 layer II/III pyramidal neurons located in different exert a top-down amplification and selection on thalamic inputs cortical regions along a rostrocaudal axis in the mouse neocortex, (Douglas et al., 1995). -
Cortical and Subcortical Anatomy: Basics and Applied
43rd Congress of the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation Basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis and principles of electroencephalography Cortical and subcortical anatomy: basics and applied J. A. Kiernan MB, ChB, PhD, DSc Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario London, Canada LEARNING OBJECTIVES Know and understand: ! Two types of principal cell and five types of interneuron in the cerebral cortex. ! The layers of the cerebral cortex as seen in sections stained to show either nucleic acids or myelin. ! The types of corrtex: allocortex and isocortex. ! Major differences between extreme types of isocortex. As seen in primary motor and primary sensory areas. ! Principal cells in different layers give rise to association, commissural, projection and corticothalamic fibres. ! Cortical neurons are arranged in columns of neurons that share the same function. ! Intracortical circuitry provides for neurons in one column to excite one another and to inhibit neurons in adjacent columns. ! The general plan of neuronal connections within nuclei of the thalamus. ! The location of motor areas of the cerebral cortex and their parallel and hierarchical projections to the brain stem and spinal cord. ! The primary visual area and its connected association areas, which have different functions. ! Somatotopic representation in the primary somatosensory and motor areas. ! Cortical areas concerned with perception and expression of language, and the anatomy of their interconnections. DISCLOSURE FORM This disclosure form must be included as the third page of your Course Notes and the third slide of your presentation. It is the policy of the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation to insure balance, independence, objectivity and scientific rigor in all of its education programs. -
Sequential Pattern of Sublayer Formation in the Paleocortex and Neocortex
Medical Molecular Morphology (2020) 53:168–176 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00795-020-00245-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Sequential pattern of sublayer formation in the paleocortex and neocortex Makoto Nasu1 · Kenji Shimamura2 · Shigeyuki Esumi1 · Nobuaki Tamamaki1 Received: 17 December 2019 / Accepted: 13 January 2020 / Published online: 30 January 2020 © The Japanese Society for Clinical Molecular Morphology 2020 Abstract The piriform cortex (paleocortex) is the olfactory cortex or the primary cortex for the sense of smell. It receives the olfac- tory input from the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb and is involved in the processing of information pertaining to odors. The piriform cortex and the adjoining neocortex have diferent cytoarchitectures; while the former has a three-layered structure, the latter has a six-layered structure. The regulatory mechanisms underlying the building of the six-layered neo- cortex are well established; in contrast, less is known about of the regulatory mechanisms responsible for structure formation of the piriform cortex. The diferences as well as similarities in the regulatory mechanisms between the neocortex and the piriform cortex remain unclear. Here, the expression of neocortical layer-specifc genes in the piriform cortex was examined. Two sublayers were found to be distinguished in layer II of the piriform cortex using Ctip2/Bcl11b and Brn1/Pou3f3. The sequential expression pattern of Ctip2 and Brn1 in the piriform cortex was similar to that detected in the neocortex, although the laminar arrangement in the piriform cortex exhibited an outside-in arrangement, unlike that observed in the neocortex. Keywords Piriform cortex (paleocortex) · Sublayer · Sequential expression · Ctip2/Bcl11b · Brn1/Pou3f3 Introduction six-layered cortex, which is a mammal-specifc feature, are well established; sequential expression of transcription fac- The piriform cortex (paleocortex) is the olfactory cortex or tors is involved in determining cell identities, and late-born the primary cortex for the sense of smell. -
4 Bayer Exp Neurol 107 1
EXPERIMENTALNEUROLOGY 107,11&131(1990) Development of the Lateral and Medial Limbic Cortices in the Rat in Relation to Cortical Phylogeny SHIRLEY A. BAYER Department of Biology, Indiana-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46205 limbique” (as reviewed in Ref. (45)). In rats and in man, [‘H]Thymidine autoradiography was used to investi- the limbic lobe is a continuous cortical band encircling gate neurogenesis of the lateral limbic cortex and mor- the neocortex. Phylogenetic relationships within the phogenesis of the medial and lateral limbic cortices in limbic lobe and with the neocortex were often the sub- adult and embryonic rat brains. Ontogenetic patterns jects of contradicting opinions and confusing terminol- in the limbic cortex are unique because some neuroge- ogy in the classical neuroanatomical literature (1,2,22, netic gradients are linked to those in neocortex, others 40). None of the hypotheses has found general accep- are linked to those in paleocortex. These findings are tance, and interest in the topic of evolutionary origin has related to hypotheses of cortical phylogeny. The experi- waned in recent years. Since ontogenetic patterns are mental animals used for neurogenesis were the off- important clues to phylogenetic links, a comprehensive spring of pregnant females injected with [‘Hlthymidine developmental study of the limbic lobe as a whole would on 2 consecutive days: Embryonic Day (E)13-E14, shed new light on old controversies. In 1974, Bayer and E14-E15, . E21-E22, respectively. On Postnatal Altman (10) started using the comprehensive labeling Day (P)60, the proportion of neurons originating dur- method of [3H]thymidine autoradiography to quantita- ing 24-h periods were quantified at nine anteroposte- tively determine timetables of neuronal birthdays rior levels and one sagittal level.