~he Journal of

VOL. XXXIII WASH INGTON, D . C., JULY, 1934 NO.7

'AN I NT[ RVI[W W ITH MR/' ROO/[V[LT·

CoIi"_ I'W.\I' I=ER"MENT "New Deal" Tests of the Importance of Life Insurance ~

THE RULE

President Roosevelt, the chief exponent of the New Ucal. has made yariou14 statemcnL'I with regard to life insurance, two of which follow:

"To carry adequule life in~urallt:t! i:s a moral obligation incum· bent upon the great majority of citizens."

"Life insurance should be considered not as nn expl'n~p hllt_ u!\ savings. II should be the first factor in any Jll'ogram of investment. It should be the last to be let go. In hard times, it. is especially import­ ant, and we should make every effort to keep QUI' old life insurance in force."

THE MEANS

New jobs and wages furnish the means for new imlUrunce and fol' continuing the old policies. Even if they have been used for loans, it is considered ';betler business" to repay and reinstate than to drop old policies for new ones.

THE RESULT

So, with the rule of the President to foilow. and eR!\ier money with which to make this im'cstment, the life insurance companies find new business coming in in greater volume than for some time.

ARE YOU FOLLOWING TilE ADVICE OF YOUR PRESIDENT?

Union Cooperative issues life insurance, endowment imlUranee, annuities, and similar protection. suitable for yOll, yom' wift', your rhilflrf'n, and youI' (riI'IHII'\.

Union Cooperative Insurance Association 1200 Fifteenth Street, N. W . Wash ington, D. C. ~'...

OFFICIAL O RGAN OF THE Magazine Chat A letter from the editor of INTERNATIONAL the Brewery Worker brings up again the question or proper AND practices among labor editors. ELECTRICAL WORKERS OPERATORS The Brewery Worker ran an PUBLISHED MONTHLY editorial based upon an edi­ torial in the Electrical Workers Go M. BUCNIAZET, Editor, 1200 15lh Street N. W ., W.abin,toa. D. C. Journal. This editorial was reprinted in another magazine without due credit. The editor Thi. Journal will not be held responsible fo r ,.iew, expreued by of Lhe Electrical Workers Jour­ cOlTelpondeoll. nal did not see the editorial in The firat of each month i. the cloain, date; all copy mutt he in our the Brewery Worker but did band, on Or before. see the reproduced editorial in the other magazine and repub­ lished it in the Electrical EXECUTIVE O ...... ICERS Railroad, C. J . !olcGLOCAN Workers Journal. Bremer Arcade, St. Paul, Minn. International President. D. W. TIlACY, 1200 16th St., N. W., W ..hlng~on, L'iTERNATIONAL To be sure no special harm D. C. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL International Secretary, G. M. BUG­ Willi done to the labor move­ CHAI. M. PAI1LSC)!, Caa;r"",,, ment here because of misplaced N!AU'T, 1200 16th St., N. W., W.. h­ 4919 N. Cuyler Ave., Chiu&,o, m. In&1on, D. C. credit, yet it always seems to Fir.st District G. W. WIUTFOIlD us thnt sound practices in the Intrrnational Treasurer, W. A. HOGAN, 1617 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 647 South Sixth Ave., MI. Vernon, labor movement should dictate N. Y. Second Dbtrlct P. L. KI:l.l.o&Y that credit be given where 96 Beacon St., Hyde Park, M.n. credit Is due. Lnbor should try VICE I'ltE8 J1)ENT8 Third District M. P. GOIII.lAN to recognize merit (uiriy. A 607 Bigelow Ill vd., PittBburih, I'll. habit of labor editors of lifting Flnt Dl l trict E. INCu:a Fourth DiBtrlct t~OWAIID NOT II IUOLE mnterinl without reference to R. R. S, London, Ont., Can. 1717 G St., N. W., Wuhlngton, D. C. Bourcc IIho uld bc discouraged. Second Dietrkt _ eliAS. KEAVENI&Y Fifth District J"'IUS F. CAllEY Box 648, Lynn, M .... 6051 MnffiU Ave., St. Louil, Mo. Third Di.tricL.__ EDW. F. KLO"n:R Sixth District G. C, GAtlID!S C. A. Bennett, a veteran 265 Welt 14th St., New York, N. Y. 1f>32 No. BOllon St., Tulsa, Okla. member of this organi:l:ation, Fourth Diitrict AIITIIUlI BENNICTT Seventh Diltrlct C, F. OL!YEIl writes that he passes his J our­ nox 241, YOunillown, Ohio 1045 Kin&, St., Denver, Colo . nnl every month to a doctor, •'jfth Diltrict __ G. X. BAIlItU Eighth DiBtriet J. L. M.CBRIDE who in turn, turns it over to a 7230 N. Hh Ave., Blrmln,h.m, Ala. Hi6 Jamn St., Labor Temple, luwyer, who in turn, turns it Sixth Dl,triet M . J . Bont: Winnipeg, C.n. over to a merchant, who in 8630 Lake. Shore Drive, Chic. go, Ill. turn, turns it over to a minis· Seventh Diltrict W. L. INCRAJoI TELEI'1I0NE OPERATORS' ter of t he Gospel. 8641 Lau,hton St., Fort Worth, Tax .. DEI'AR'DIENT EI,hth Di'trict __ II. W. Bt:LL President JIIL!A O'CONNOR Uil7 2nd Ave., 5., Gre.t F.UI, Mont. 6 Boylston I'lace, BOlton, rora ... T. G. Huffman, of Local Ninth Di.triet __H . P. BR!GUlln Secretary __ MARY B.AllY Union No.9, Chicago, in a spe­ I'atitle Bldg., Ssn Franc!-eo, Calif. 6 Boyl.ton PI.ce, Bailon. M .... cial letter to the Journal com­ ments on Magazine Chat. of June and statel that we are unwise in giving capital as sure Contents ,... a place in economics as labor, Ne .. Ferment Call, for Ne.. AdJu,hnent. Mr. Hutl'man said we should R.dlo Com pan)' Unions ";1pot1ed to NR,\ _ '" stop comparing Il mlln to a I'hYIlu Mllkes Contribution to Ecunomlu '" dollar. IlIrt,. UUSinC8S of I'rolfoklnk W.r. It rvealed ". Company Union l.e.der (One In 10.000) Tell. 'Em Wh.t'll What ,'".. fAlueato", Fllee Ne.. Sod.1 Order A vital influence of the Jour­ I'oluter I'lumber. \'elo Bare Nrutra l '" nal is again demonstrated this More Stall,Ue. of Utlllllu A"ound '\Iore . '"%9S month by blanket calls for the California Electric Worh Back Slnd.lr J ournal by varying groups. Call S,..tem Orilflnated by Elec:t rlul Worker • '" Among them one of the largest Notorlou. Priv.te I'ollce In 8tHI fit al • %96'" trade IWIOciations in the United Who It Stee l~-G ~at )'Irma. U.nk·Controlled %97 l'oleQurln" the Wurth of NR.\ to Labor ~98 States. Cau,.., Chronld etl rrum tile Work World !!99 Editorill • ... The cover this month il " 'om.n'. " 'or" ... "Chicago Interior," by T. Bulletin of the 1. U. •~. W. lIadlu II h'l"lon . SO l CorrUpGndence SO, Theodore Johnson, one of the Scientific Wonder. of World's . '.Ir interesting series of industrial In Memoriam. ."SI' pictures performed under the Louc:al Union OOidal II ec:eil,l. '" Public Works Art Project. 282 The Journal 0/ ElectricaL Workers and OperatQTs July. 199~

TUiS l'AtNTI NO DOES nETTEn THA.N I'UOT'OOUA I'UY TO DI>I'ICT TilE UUIENSITY 01' TB.E BOULDER DAM !'ItOJECT. • PWJ.P _ .. IWla., w_. THE JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS &OPERATORS the Internationa l Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

VOL. XXXIII WASHINGTON, D. C., J ULY, 1934 NO. 7

New Ferment Calls for New Adjustments

ULY marks the first anniversary of the essential elements in the problem of con­ institution of the National Industrial America-and the world­ SUmption, which in its turn is being JRecovery Act. It becnme a law on recognized as the central problem to be June 16, 1933. This first Cull year of enters summer of 1934 with tur­ solved before stability ot business and the application ot the control theory of bulent conflicts in prospect. Pes­ security of employment can be ensured. political economy brings a new phase of simistic sentime nt of 1934 con­ The problem of production has indeed national development attended by a fer· trasted with optimism of last been abundantly solved. It is now gen­ mcnt of new ideas, a deeper cynicism in erally agreed that the present depres­ regard to the present state of private year. Economic machine dill sion is the offspring, not of scarcity, but capitalism and dramatic events includ­ cr eaks in a ll its join ts. or wealth in quantities which are at ing major strike movements and sovere present beyond our powers of assimila­ conflicts between capital and labor. tion. Hence the efforts which are being Everywhere throughout the United made to curtail production both in agri­ States, there is evidence that the first worked in the opposite senae. In the culture and industry by restrictive year of NitA i!J over, that new develop­ United States, Great Britain and Ger­ agreements, by cartels, national and ments are likely to call tor new major many wage rates fell to some extent, international, by prohibiting the erec­ adjustments. It seems wise therefore employment fell still more and payrolls tion of new plants and machinery nnd to look behind screeching newspaper fell most of nil. But apart from this by other similar measures designed to headlines and the daily evidence of in­ general similarity the COU1"!lC of events rescue the world from its acute attack dustrial warfare to the facts and figures Wag very different. In the United of indigestion." and ideas which really measure the on­ States wage rates were forced down Mr. Butler points out Curther that the going life of the nation and world in some 20 per cent, and employment de­ chief industrial nations of the world respect to change-social formation­ clined a full 40 per cent. In Gel·many have apparently abandoned the whole which of courJ!e are the real forces pro­ wage rates were likewise reduced 20 per theory that business will run itself. ducing the dramatic events. cent and the decline in employment "The fact that four of the world's amounted to over 30 per cent. In Great chief industrial States, containing Home I. Br itain, on the contrary, wage rates 400 mill ion people nnd responsible for were maintained at a much higher point 64 per cent of the world's industrial World Summary In Order than in the United States or Gennany, production, have already abjured to a Mr. Harold Butler, director of the In­ owing perhaps to the strength of the considerable extent the principles which ternational Labour Office at Geneva, has trade unions, coupled with relatively have hitherto primarily guided the eco­ just made public his report to the Inter­ high rates of benefit for the unem­ nomic policy of ali countries, seems to tional Labour Conference for 1934. This ployed. Instead of unemployment be­ imply that the way to recovery cannot report rests upon adequate investigation ing thereby aggravated, however, the lie straight back along the familiar by the heavily equipped research forces number of workers employed in 1929 tracks. This is not the place to enquire of the International Labour Office and declined by I('ss than 10 per cent during whether that is a matter for rejOicing deals frankly with the attempts in the the crisis-a much smaller proportion or misgiving. It would, however, be western world to control the course of than in Gemmny or the United States, foolish to ignore it as a fact or to re­ economic and industrial events. One of where wnge rates had fallen heavily. main blind to the momentous conse­ the striking conclusions renched by Di­ "Tn the United States and Germany, quences, both Bocial and economic, rector Butler is that wage reductions where pay-rons fell heavily, the money which may be expected to ensue from are entirely inndequate as a solution for volume of retail snles likewise felI it. • • , unemployment. FIe points to England heavily. In Great Britain. where pay­ " Reliance on the old-time processes as an example ot a nation that has been rolls fell to a relatively moderate extent, of automatic readjustment has been forced to keep wage rates more or less tll(' money volume ot retail sn1es was abandoned in so many countries in stable due to the powerful labor organ­ sustnined. Cavor ot drastic and conscious inter_ izations there, and he shows that em­ "On the whole, the wage experience ference with the operation of economic ployment has declined only 10 per cent of the last year eeems definitely to have forces that the pendulum cannot be while employment has declined a much emphasized the paramount importance expected just to swing back of its own greater degree in the United States and of the income of the wage earner in the momentum." Germany where wage rates fell much strllcture of consumption. Where it has He werns that the world is not out ot more rapidly : been seriously depleted by drastic wage the doldrums as yet, and he suggests "The reliance on wage reductions ru! cutting, aggravated unemployment and that as far as facls go the way out does the sovereign remedy for unemployment crippled production seem to have been not appear to be cutting down pro­ has certainly been rudely shaken by its usual accompaniments. This finding duction but increasing the machinery the experience of the present depres­ is only a further confirmation of the of distribution and the volume of sion. Though it is never possible to iso­ view which is now gaining ground gen­ consumption. late the wages ractor from the many erally that the key to the crisis is to be He regrets the growing spirit of na­ other factors which influence the flow of found not in over-production but in tionalism. which appears everywhere, business, there is evidence to show that under consumption. and believes there must be greater inter­ wage-cutting, so tar from being a stimu­ • • • " Tn fact, the wages factor national co-operation. lant to employment, may possibly have is now being reali:!:ed as one of the "Permanent remedy seems clearly to 284 Tlte Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators July, 193.4 lie not in cutting down production to the "But, of an the experiments to evolve Transportation facilities would not limit level of present consumption. but in a new order, it is the experiment of the standard of life, though lack o[ expanding the volume of consumption to young America which mosl attl1lcts my transport might delay the desired con­ absorb what RlrT"icullure can so casily own deepest sympathy. For they are summation. A. A. Berle recently stated produce. In other words, the real prob­ occupied with the task of trying to make in the New York Times that if produc­ lem ill to utilill:e instead of to destroy the economic order work tolerably well, tion were freed, everyone could ha\'e in the abundant wealt.h which agriculture while prellCt\ling freedom of individual goods and services the equivalent. of can furnish and against which industry initiative and liberty o[ thought and what '5.000 a year now buys. This Is equipped I.u t:J:cilange an equally critieism. would indicate a national incoml' of abundant production of article! needed "The older generation of living Ameri­ '615,000,000,000. Last year our income to enhance the farmer'a efficiency and cans accomplished the great task of solv_ WIUI under '''0,000,000,000. His estimate standard of life. No purely national ing the technical problem of how to pro­ means then, that production could be in­ action can Buffice to achieve this redi8- duce economic goods on a seale adequate creased 15 times, and that a lou of goods tribution of the world's riches. It can to human needs. It Is the task of the to the amountof '575,000,000,000 was the only be effected by a thorough readjust. younger generation to bring to actual price paid last year for preserving our ment of the exchanges of goods between realization t.he potential blessings of hav­ obsolete eeonomic system. Various engi­ nnliona, failing whleh the great expon­ ing solved the technical side of the prob­ neer s have made even higher estimutes. ~ ju" of wealth that liu within the g l'(lSP lem of poverty. The centrnl control " We bf'lievf' Rfrrle's figu re is h igh for of the present generation will result in which the lat.ter requir es involvell an CIJ­ the first months and probably for the a general decline In the standard of liv­ sentially changed method and outlook. first yenr. However, there would seem ing-n sufficiently ironical and pnra­ The mi nds and energiell which have to be no question but that /I uch an in­ doxieal conclusion." found their fulfillment in the achieve­ come is feasible in a short time period mentll or American business are not and that poverty and delltitution can 00 II. likely to be equally well adapted to the immediately eliminated. Today nothing The President's New Plan further task. That must be, B!. it should stands in the way of the population en­ be, the fulfillment of the next generation. joying this abundance, except the some­ President Ruu~c ... dt hall moved to "The new men will often appear to be what ridiculous fact that they ('Snnot meet the changing sentiment in the at war with the ideas and convictions of pay for it. Certainly goods and services United States. In R message to Con­ their 5t'niors. This cRnnot be helped. do no one any good when they are not greu, the last for this year, received But 1 hope that thellC seniol'tl will look brought into existence, when they exillt with acclaim, he declared: as sympathetically as they can at a sin­ only potentially. And cert.ainly neither "Among our objectives I place the se­ cerc attempl--I cannot view it otherwlllC the uncmlil uy~ wurkers, nor the idle fDC_ curity of the men, women and children -to complete, and not to destroy, what toriell, fields and mines, nor our haraascd of the nation firsL This security for the thcy them!lel"es have created." industrialists, relish their leisure." individuaJ and for the family concerns it-ll primarily with three factors. reG­ IV. V. pie want decent homes to live in; they want to locate them where they can en­ Technological Menace Still National Inventory Reveals gage in productive work; and they want Looms Gain-LOll lOme safeguard against misfortunes which cannot be wholly eliminated in The problem of harnessing the ma­ Though Aml:'rkR hRA ma(h~ gains dur­ thill man-made world ot oura." chine, of put.t.ing all men back to work, ing the past year it is far from being out His proposal to nleet these needs and balancing production with consump­ of the woods as the index figures includes: tion, are technological problems that are indicate: 1. Social insurance against unemploy_ not being fRced Rde

L Consulliers' co-operatives protect· ing the consunlCr from predatory cap­ italism, few of which exist in America. 2. An imllregnable labor movement. 3. A state conscious of its destiny I1\OU8 'I' )( v DOr\ ~, I~ T in: AlISTBACT and mission, unafl·aid to succor forgot­ 1"1'.11' .... ~ !:IF I" ~ I Koi"" ten men, and strong enough to curb and supplement private ca pita lism. few years. Nevertheless, by the close co-operative organizBtion all attest to 4. A system of social education vigor­ of 1933, consistent improvement in both Sweden's relative economic and political ous and continuous, vivid enough to win economic and financial conditions had soundness. • , , those enlightened capitalists to the brought to Sweden a high measure of " BMor e considering the effect of t he program. recovery. The League of Niltions' in­ depression on Sweden's economic li fe dices of industrial production at t.hat and t he present recovery movement, Now comes the New York Trust Com­ time indicated that Sweden had more two rather u nusual Bspects of the coun· pany, conservative banking house, nearly attained normalcy than any other try's national economy must be noted. highly praising the success of the Swed­ European country and stood far ahead One is the socialistic tendency in the di­ ish nation. The " Index," published by of the United States in its economic rection of state control of ind ustry and the New Yo rk Trust Company, slates: gains. the development of national co·opera­ "Sweden is a country rich in natural tives ; the other is the experiment with a " In its long resistance to the effects resources and with extensive water­ managed currency, initiated in 1931, of worldwide depression and in the re· power . Through their develOllment and when the countr y wns forced off the cuperative powers it has already shown, that of certain highly speciali%ed indus­ gold standard. Sweden has llroved itself one of the tries, its people have established a well­ "The Swedish government owns and most economically stable ot European integrated national economy which has, operates the state railways, the tele­ countries. lts industrial activity inevi­ in turn, made pos);ible a high standard graph system and the g reater part of tably declined in the period from 1930 of living. The well-being of Swedish the telephone system. It co nt rols the t hrough July, 1932; its fi nnncial struc­ farmers, constituting about one-half the sale of both liquor nnd tobacco. By tUre could not wholly escape thtl effect population of approximately 6,000,000 ; j 929, it had also extended its control of abandonment of the gold standard the uniformly fnvornble living condi­ over one-fourth of the forest area in and the shock of the Krueger collapse, tions in Swedish towns a nd cities; the Sweden, one-third of the mines, and a a nd foreig n t rade has showed the na­ high degree of literacy throug-houL the propor tion of the country's nnlural tural decrease consequent upon the uni_ country, a nd t he marked success of cer­ waler power sufficient to enable it ,.0 versal economic co nditions of the past ta in cxperimenl.s in social planning nnd (Conthlll ctl (>11 P810C ;U3) The JouT1Ull of Electrical Workers and Operators Jw.y, 19S4 Radio Company Unions Exposed to NRA

NDER r elentlelll questioning of the statement o( finances of our associa­ the International Brotherhood of N. B. C. and C. B. S. e.tablish tion, the total receipts at that time had U Electrical Workerl and the NRA been $931.75, and the total eltpenditures Labor Advisory Board It was developed e mployee plans after NIRA goes bad been $580.79. that organlutions formed in the N. B. C. into effect. International Broth­ DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: You and the C. B. S. in the fan of 1933 erhood of Electrical Worker. maintain a national office, Mr. Merry. and IIpring ot 1934 are company domi­ man? nated union.s; though representatives makea strong showing at public MR. MERRYMAN: Our national of thue unions allluted that the hearin g. Only group fighting for office is maintained at the home of the unionll were independent, eltpenses were code modification •. national secretary-treasurer. We do not paid, through formation meetings, and feel justified-we do not have enough time wall allowed oW to representatives buainess to require the maintenance ot engaged in the project and room space a separate office ror the pursuance ot was given on the company's properties MR. NOCKELS. Isn't it t rue thl'lt in our collective bargaining activities. for the holding ot the formation meet­ a bulletin issued by your organization inp. Thia evidence wall developed at credit was given to a certain lawyer for Me mber.kip E",pirel Ealil,. the public hearing held OD June 20 for his etrorta in sticking through a lengthy reopenin, or t he Code of Fair Competi­ sellIion for the formation of a eonatitu­ MR. WOOD: If a member i8 dill­ tion for the Radio Broadcasting Indus­ lion and set of by·laws for thl. company chargM from the National Broadcasting tTy. No representative. of the company union? Company, does he automatically become union. a.ked for revi.lon. In the code. MR. MERRYMAN: I will be glad to a non-member o( your union! The International Brotherhood of Elee­ look that up for you. I cannot tell you Mr. MERRYMAN: He becomes a non· trieal Worken had a delegation of .ix at this time. active member. He may retain honor­ representativell present and made a MR. NOCKELS: Was he a man by ary privileges. I I • strong request for a revi.ion of the code the name of Beth Webster! MR. WOOD: Has there been a man from 48 to 35 hOUri a week for the radio MR. MERRYMAN: The attorney who fired since the union was formed! broadcast technicians, with a 10 per represents our auociation i. Balhuel MR. NOCKELS: You mean the com· cent Increase in minimum wage... Webster, Jr. pany union? The followin, are excerpts taken MR. NOCKELS: How many delegates MR. WOOD. Yes. from the official record of the National were at thi.--what was it, a convention? MR. MERRYMAN: I cannot give an Recove.ry Adminilltration eltposing the MR. MERRYMAN: A national con­ absolute statement on that, because we company unions of the principaJ .ta­ vention. do not mean that the company tTansmita tions. Mr. Philip I. Merryman appeared MR. NOCKELS: How many delegates to us the business which logically belongs for tbe company union ot the National were there at thi. convention? to them as the conducton of an industry. Broadcasting Company and Mr. Harry MR. MERRYMAN: Eight. To my knowledge there has been no Spears for the Columbia Broadeasting • • • member of this AlIII«iation discharged System. Mr. Edward N. Noekels of MR. NOCKELS: How much money since the Association wos formed. For WCFL was co-labor adviller and Mr. has this organlutlon spent in the for­ the other men who are not members, I C. A. Wood was resident labor adviser. mation of this company union? cannot speak. Deputy Administrator William Farns­ MR. MERRYMAN: According to the MR. WOOD: Should any member of wor th presided. quarterly report ending l'tfRrr.h 31, 1934, your union be fired, he would immedi· ately take up hill honorary status, and that would be where the thing would drop? DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: On this The followio. r e prelenla ti.,el MR. MERRYMAN: Well, that ill organlutlon trip when the men came of I. B. E . W. were prUenl a t the true, but what do you mean by your (rom Washington and San Francisco, do code hearin. and offe ....d tutimoa,., statement! yo u know what arrangement was made Edward D. Bieretz, a ..iltanl to the Pr ... ideat, W a.h inlton, D. C. MR. WOOD: Usually one function of to give them time oW tor (l uch a trip? unions in the past haa been to examine MR. MERRYMAN: Yes. Tho.. R. McLean , latern.liona l Repre..,n tati.,e, Intern ational into a man's discharge, to see whether DEPUTY FARNSWORTU: And do Brotherhood of El eel ri cal or not there are valid reallOns for it, to you know who paid their expenses? Wor"'en. protect the interests of the worken and MR. ltLERRYMAN: Yea, the National Ch.rlet D. Paul,eD, pre,ide Dt , L. determine discrimination which may Broadu.ting Company. U . No. 134, Int erDational have resulted in his discharge. • • • Brothe rhood o f Electrical W o rk. MR. MERRYMAN: Certainly, it a en, ChicalO, Ill. MR. DILLARD: Did the companies member of our Association is diseharged, pay for your time while you were gone Thorn •• J . O 'Br;eD, fi ... nci.1 .ee· retar,., L U. No. 134, Interoa. we investigate the circumstancell. If he on the trip? is being diseharged for any other reasons latR. MERRYMAN: They did. t iooa l Brothe rhood of E lectrical Wor"'er l, Chicalo, III. than incompetency, then we can re&ort l'ttR. DILLARD : They paid the cx_ Da .. Mole,., prelident, C le . eland to arbitration on his behalf. But I do penees of the trip? Federation of Labor, and bu. i. not think it is the province ot any labor MR. MERRYMAN: And paid the n· ne" manaler, L. U . No. 38, organi:r.ation to keep in the employ of pensell of the trip. I. B . E. W ., CI""ela nd, Ohio any employer a man who ill unqualified MR. NOCKELS: May I uk a ques­ Loui. Juraen.en, bUline.. ma n· for his position. I • I tion now! aae r, radio di.,i,ion. L. U. No.3, DEPUTY FARNSWORTH : J ust one I. B . E . W ., New Vorl. Cit,.. J . V . Fit"hulh. bUline .. ma n aler, Refu .... to Gi.,e Own Salar,. more question, Mr. Nockels. Who is r a d io di.,il ion, L. U . No. 60, paying your expenses here today? I. B. E. W ., San An to nio, T e",al. MR. NOCKELS: You have got a gov_ MR. MERRYMAN: J work in Wash­ M. H . HeeI,el, Director of R .. _ ernment Iicenlle'! ington, D. C. J am here today becauso • earch, International Brother_ MR. MERRYMAN: I have had a rov • my allIociRtion did not teel financially hood of Electrical Worken, ernment license since 1018. able to pay the expenses of the presi­ and member o f R.dio Code MR. NOCKELS: What ill your salary1 dent here from New York. Authorit,.. MR. MERRYMAN : My lalary-I do o • • not think that is pertinent. July, 1994 The Journal 01 Electrical WOl'kers and Operators 287

DEPUTY FARNSWORTII: 1'0, it is not. '-IR. MERRYMAN : T ha"e no objee­ tion to giving it. but I object to the que~­ tion on general principlell. DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: You are not among these c1l1slilkations! :\IR. MERRY:\IAN: No. DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: hi there anyone ellle in the engineering branch here in Washington that il not da~~itled! )IR. l\U-:HRYl\IAN: No. Our mem­ bership in Washington includes everyone but the men with th(' power to hire or fire technical employees_ DEPUTY FARNSWonTH: You hB"e the power to hire and fire'! :'IIR. llERRYMAN: I do not. :'IIR. NOCKELS: How many men work under your direction'! :'I.IR. MERRYMAN. Eight.· :'IIR. WOOD: Is it or is it not a fll('t that. your union would be IItrong enough to keep waK('s from lIinking down below the ]("'el where yOIl now have them! If not, why not! :'IIR. MERRYMAN : I ~aid in my brid that. we are convinced thflt~conomic condition. at the time Ilermitting-it i. not worded exactly that way. T do not want to lI8y something that I do not ('0'1"1101. int('nd to [Ca),. (WitM"" ref('rlIo to bri('f.) )IR. ~n=RR\'l\IAN: I would not IIRY lilt, SPEARS: May 14, 1934. DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: The ('on­ Well, whnt I intended to say i~ that they could not get any, in cnse ther(' is no unusual condition in :'IIR. WOOD: So you are not ~are In stitution and by-lllws were drawn UI) by industry, such that a repetition of the slating it as of ~'our own knowledge! an uttorney'! economic conditions of 1929, 1930, 1931 MR. MERRY~IAN: I would not Btltle MH. SPEARS: Yes, and 1932, and even on to this present they c:ould not get any, but I am making DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: Who day, that we would be able to maintain the statement of my own knowledge thnt called the first meeting! lind ('v('n increase wage sc hedulee. when these men come to us we hnve to MR. SPEARS: The original meetin~? • • • put them through a period of training DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: Yes. before they nrc qunlifled to handle the Mit SPEARS: That was called by 11 Pretend. There h No Unemployment work. group of men on the engineering staff. • • • DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: Who ;)1 R. WOOD: r want to know why you MR. MERRYMAN : Now in that senn called the national meeting? are nol fh:chtlng for n 35-hour week and ~IR, SPEARS: It. was c:alled b)' Ill)'­ am an exec:uti"e. I adville these 111('n; for an eif{hl·hour duy, without any Htaf{­ self, in collaboration with other m('m­ in fact. give orden to them to inl!ul"(' 1\ ger system, when thNc I ~ a capacity on b.. ,... of lh{' I'xe('utive committee of ,h~ smooth c:oordinalion of this progrnm, be­ account of your particular comf)any to local a~!lo('iation. pay for it_ and they can techniully do it! cause I am aSllumed to have a b('tter technical knowledge than these Incn and • • • An)' comllany can technically do it, if DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: Does Ihe they can get the men, lind if they are more fitled to handle the situation, but company or any of the executives b('Ar when it comes to dill('UJl.!"ing wilh thi~ wiJJin~ to put on more men in placl' or un)' part of the financial expen!le of the man hi~ c:ondilions of employment, the Ihese othe", Ihat are left oat by the union'! salary he rec:ei\'C~, and whether or not ~hortenin~ of hou",_ liR. SPEARS: As. a part or the ('01- llR. :MERRYMAN : What I am try­ his employment .hall be c:ontinued. or lectl\'e bargaining agreement, under the when it comes to a situation where the ing J.o I'''y 10 you il Ihlot theN' is morE' agret'ment that Is exhibit B the compAny Ihan one anille from which we havE' to man come~ in to seek a job, he does allow!! the- time oft' for 1111 loeal usocia­ not come to me. I have no power what­ conl.'ew York Times next. Suntlay, that they • • newly formed A'I!lOciRtion anti th-" fu nd, ('o uld'l1ot Iret people who c:ould Rde­ DEPUTY FAlmSWOHTH: When were nOI available:. quately qualify by their standardll! was the Nat.iQnai A~JI(Iciation formedJ. U"'nllnnNI "n t'. I!~ SI!)\ The Journal of E'lectrical !VOl'ker8 and Operator8 July, 193~ Physics Makes Contribution to Economics By DR. H. C. DICKINSON. U. S. Bureau of S ta ndard,

Editor'. 11.0111; In this era 0/ ch«nghlU "titles" will be classed as money and al\ value. altd .hi/ting .y.t~ it i. well t~ Scient ist , w ho hIlS dilltinguillh ed transaction! having to do with their sale take cOlm,d f rom every 'O/U'C(l where or exchange will be recorded in L a8 theuolot/1dll6,11 and sci,"tific method pre. recor d in mech anica, view a eco­ monetal'Y trnnsaction &. These. of course, vail. Dr. J)ickiIlIlOIl, distillQltished scien­ nomic system In disinterested involve no "work" and therefore no in­ tist, lias looked at the present economic t e r m .s. creasc in real value in A. 'lIstcm a. it really is. Ne hal /lOl19M to An anulysis of this system, which in­ ?Jl.eaeUril jillt how it 1II0rki and to find volves only straightforwurd bookkeeping Ollt why it getll out of balance, J-li. co"~ IlrOCetlSClI, leads to somc important tribll.tion. i. of great vahle to all citizen. money at E for "consumables" or "pro- conclusions. i"ternted ;11 rcco".tructing .ociety on. a ducers' goods." The system can remain ill bn/al!ce anlll basis that will give the elementul"V thing. Howevel' in this process he may stop if the 'Ie/ alllOlmt of monell given. 01(' by of lile, nltme/lI, food, the/tf'r IU!d cloth­ nt J, whl'r*! Morif1ty will loan him mnnflY soeie/y at R equalr the a1ll0lillt Lahm ill ing, a. well us II!/! cultllraL thillDS of tiff! eithor as caJ)itnl or u commerclnl credit at E. to the preated number. or will issue new money to him in ex- The system will be Ollt of balance if change for new gold (or silver). In there is any discrepancy In the rates of RE aUached chart repr8Cnts a either case he leaves on deposit some money flow between E and R. In this graphic system of bookkeeping in "title to wealth" 8S security lor his loan. case the "net lIa1ionni income" will con­ Twhich aoeiety is assumed to keep its This title i.s a lien on wealth, prcs2nt or tinue to eilher rise or fAll 110 long as the accounts with its citirens und with prospective, in A. unbalance exists. There may be oscil­ foreigncrs. At S he may stop and deposit his sav- lations 01' "cyclcs" in which the nct I n A i~ included a I'ompl llte illVlJlliorlJ inp" The 8al'illP8 of somc men conliti- nlltil)nal income rises lind r!lll~ intormit- o! national property in ternls or " work" lute the l oafla to olhers und overy trnns- tenlly but unless t he ups and downs com_ and "wealth" cxclusive of "money". action of this kind is marked by the de- pletely compensate each other. the aver- In B are recorded all transactions in posit in C of an equivalent In "titles to age income will continue to either rise which there is a direct exchange of wealth." 1-'or present purposes these or fall. "work" for "money"-all pur- -~------­ Clearly the object of any chases or &nIcs of work or its economic control should be to producta. Pretll!.ud by Dr. H. C, Dickil1sol1 maintain a constant or a ris­ In C arc recorded all purely ing net national income (ex­ D -- ~ mouetlll'lI trnn~lll't. ion ~, includ­ Ill'('ssed in bl\lic terms of ing those in which "titles to - "work" or scnle of living wealth" ure depollited as BeCu r- rather than in money) and to ity for borrowed money and in prevent the "cycles" becoming which gold (or silver, etc.) is 30 large as to cause distress. exchanged lor currency, also -• The normal eXllansion and tht> reverse transactions in -u con traction of credit tend to 0 which gold is withdrawn or 0 keep this syatem in balance. (Debits) 0 (Credits) debts IiquidutC!d and the titles • but credit expansion depends to wl'nlth returnC!d to A. 'Y, L {Ill S • upon barrOWI'd money and in_ The object of the economic ..... -:;:. ~. n• crnsc of debt. Debt is meas­ system is to make ponible a • 7hlB Ip.ce contllinB • ured by the total amount of • <• free exchange of the inven­ DOn~y and t1 tleB ..... _ . "titles to wealth" stored in C. u-• to "",nel' HeT. !IIOney I toried "work" or "wealth" in If we cnll M the sales value > iO cTeated , e~ehlln"d, ". A, among the INlluh.tion. For • e:tpB:td"ed and contrl!.cted • of ell tI,,,s.., uebt" it Is found this purpose 1II.Oney ill used as •, , that M is 8ubJect to increal!e8 a mechanism of exchange nnd • and decreases which are the as such mny be looked upon source of mo~t of the ills of as merely n stanrlardized form 1I0ciety. It a surplus is saved , B of credit slip or a "receipt" for , R " (at S) beyond the demand of " work", since everything which E!~:1 ______(SUalnen) _ " borrowers nt L, it will tend to has a money value is the result .' -n be invested in existing debIt .' ~ Thl. "pace InClude. • of work. Money as such is of or securities rather than in .. 0 .11 ~~chllnge of work no vuluc except as it cnn be '. . I 1!!IW OT itB oroductl for - venlurcs. This increasing exchanged for "work" or its o·" • ., mo~~y IIn~ ~lc c ~(lrl~ • demand for existing securities products. , • but 1n'/01vl:lI no chungll will raise their prices and Being a system of account­ . g 1n tl'.\'1 ~1I'.ount ot e1theT • - further increase the surplus ~I -" ing for the monetary dealings " , ~ nvailable for loan. This is ~,• of tllen. with .ocicty, the course , ~ the cunlulativ(l process of of events is typically as fol_ "inflation". lows: We shall use the short - These inflated values, how­ term "work" herearter for any C'-:.+",-- ;L.------~~l--C,--_, e\'er, are not rtal nlOney. No producl for lale and the term ~~ 0 A ~ \1 "work" has been done to creata "1cealth." lor anything of value · (W) .. them. They are however po­ on which one can Ilorrow tcntial 1n.o1U'1I which can be numCIl. A man with work for Thta epace l r.oludcs e verytn~nb ot vlllue "cnlized through further bor­ sale present. Jt at .R and re­ whlCb,mlln o~nB c ~ c~pt mone y , lneludln! alBo rowing on tM ' part of those hiB prO_Dectivo ability to prortuce thlnga ceives its equivalent in 1Mllel/. who buy the debLB at the ad­ of V'!'Ilue . .111 thU value (!epen~B upon This money he lakes around .work" Ind its total proGptcttve 1l.1el vanced price!!, Thil new net the circuit ROE. After a time vlIlue 111 deno ted by (W). borrowinp is obscured but is V, perhapa three mo nths on nevertheleu an Inevitable the averajl'l!. he R}H'l1,u thf' (C"",rnnf,r on 1'_11'1: 3 1-1 ) July, 1991, T M Journal o[ Electrical lVorkers anet O]JCratol's 289 Dirty Business of Provoking Wars Revealed B1/ P. j. KING, Machin/s!s' Union, Bos/on

NE or the most heartening phll3es founders were Charles Schwab. presi­ or awakening thought in these Armament trusts international dent of the Bethlehem Steel Corpora­ O changing times is the national in­ tion, which makes armor plate and other terest in the current u :pOllUres or that now being exposed on many war material; J. P. Morgan, of the heartless 'yatem, long practiced, by in­ fronts. Books, magazine., and United States Steel Corporntion, which ternational armament manufacturers in Congressional iove.tigationa make would profit heavily from lnrge naval aiding and Ilroionging wars among orden; Colonel M. Thompson, of the nations. armament makers wince . Filthy International Nickel Company, which Formerly thoae who criticized the buainess. dealt in nickel, so necessary for making sources responsible for promoting wars, "h{,lIs, and B. F. Tracy, former Secre­ and who IIlrived (or peaceful relations tMY of the Navy, who became attorney among nalions, were regarded as "ideal­ for Carnegie Steel Company. More than We learn that the di llarmament half the rounders oC this energetic Ists" and "impractical visionaries"; or treaty, in 1929, between Great Britain, were 1IC0ffingly referred to all those league were gentlemen whoae buai_ Japan and United States was atrenu­ crnck-bl'ained theorisl.8, or " long-haired ne89 would benefit by largo naval oUllly opposed by an organization called appropriations. men and "hort haired women." the Navy League, on the ground that In 1932 n book waa published, en­ When the World War began in 1914, it "jeopardized American security." The the President of the United States ad­ titled, "The liorTor of It." It contained League's official journal IIhowed that a gruesome conedion of photographa viaed us to remain neutral, even in 18 men and one corporation were listed thought. When the armistice WB.II ~igned that were taken on the battlefields of as "founders". The corporation was Europe. There were photographs of in 1918, there were 21,000 new Ameri­ the Midvale Steel, from which the gov­ cnn millionaires. Du Pont atoek had soldiers burying their fallen comradea in ernment bought million. of dollsrs or mass graves; photograph. of rebellious gone rrom $20 to $1,000 a share, and armor plate and other materials. Other civilians hanged from gallows as long as Wonllnu~d on p.gO!' ~1) a city block, of famine refugees with distended bellie. and fteahlellll limb&­ photograph. of corpses, dog-gnawed, ftame-charred. putrefying or headle58. B.II SINKING A CONTINENT if to enforce the les80n that war is death, alway. and only death, under every circumstal}ce of violence or degradation. The United States War Department refused to contribute to this collection. Major·General Irving Carr said, "To give out any auch pictures would be against public policy, Think of the Gold Star Mothers-they saw thelovelyc.em~ terics---

There were other women, however, who were working to save the Gold Star Mothen of the future. ,"'or yean they BOught the llervicell of Senators and Representatives in trying to get an in­ vestigation of "the world', greatest racket," the manufacture of annsmenta. When asked to introduce a resolution to that effect Senators and Representative. replied, "You are practically asking me to commit political suicide." "You can't do anything to beat the munition. industry; itll ramifications arc too wide." One noted leader said, "There isn't a man on the floor of the Senate who haa the courage to introduce , uch a reso­ lution." But finally, a rter years of per­ lIevernnce they found the man. They gained the IIUPIlort of Senator Gerald Nye, of North Dakota, and the investi­ gation is now on. 1n hi. mell48ge to Congre89 tqe President declared that "the private and uncontrolled manu­ facture of armll and munitionll and the trsffic therein has become a eerious lIOurce of international discord and atrife." 290 The JOlln/al 0/ Eleclrital Workers and Operot(H'8 July, 19J~

Company Union Leader (one In 10,000) Tells 'Em What's What

Thr /o/Jowillg is nil (1UIlu"t;, lrttrr Stilt QuI II!' {/ ~u~:u-coated CC pill in lour mouth a while it won't br COlllpml,' ulI/on /uu/tr 1'1 I"s mlT!: long htfore you ta~te calomr\. YO\I know a Ii~herman will (!i\e a {ish a worm, but ht:'~ gOI a hook run through :'II} dear Fellow-W orker.. : it from one ('nd to Ihr other. I f they want to ~h' e rou Of courK- I woul(in't trr to inRucnct: lOll in nn)' way 'iOmt:thi nil: , wh), don't thrl ~ilt: I-OU a 50 per cent or &0 l'ltr ccont mist? You could hold th:!.t a long time and toward joining the Union, but }OU probahh notittd not tastco quinint:. that a few of the cnlJ'llo\tt~ J!ot raises on account of the Back to the vacallon. It ~ou are making :;100 pt'r Union. ~ow if JUSt the fumes from Union La\ing .\I ash will cau

" " .. 'V " ' .... ' 1 ... .,.,. The Journal of Electrical il'ol'kers and Operato/'s 291 E d ucators F a ce Ne w Social Order

T last the schools apl)(!al' to be about gle or individuals, groups, and nations to resp'>nd to the newel' forces of Commission on Socia l Studies fOI' possession of lands, mines, and for­ A society. The old education consisted ests, and concerning the whole questioll apparently in preparing any bor to pass fra nkly responds to ne w for ces of the rational usc of the material en­ trom the log cabin to the White House. a wa y from individua lism towa rd dowment o( the country in the planning It is about to give wily to fitting him to collectivism. Conta ins big names of the economy and in the general en­ take an intelligent and social part in richment of the common life • • • industr ial society. This allilears to be in school world. Know wha t "The program of social science in_ the significance of the recent report en­ struggle is a ll about. struction should provide for a yet more titled conclusions and recommendations: detailed IItudy of the history of the Report of the commission on social American people with particular Te fer­ studies, prepared by certain scholars in ence to the malerial co nquest of the behalf of the Americnn Historical Asso· sion does not mince words about the continent, the development or the demo­ ciation. The book is ]Iublished b>' kind of society America is capable cratic heritage, the popula r struggle fO I' CharlclI Scribner'lI Sons. The commis­ of Ilroducing. They speak o( careful freedom and opportunity, the spread of sion says it is obvious "that American planning and co-ordination of produc­ individualistic economy, the rise of tech­ civilization in common with western ch'­ tio n and consumption, and the)" assert nology and industrial civilization, the ilh:ation is passing through one of the that AmeriC'll, due to its rich natural increase of productivity, the emergency great critical ages in histon', is modif)'­ endowm ent and advanced technology "is of an integrated economy, the growth ing its traditional faith in economic in· capable of inaugurating an era of rea­ of local, regional, and national planning dh'iduaiism and is embarking upon vast sonable seCU rity, an abundance for all, and the extension of economic, political experiments in social planning and con­ of (reeing human minds from material s nd cultural relationships with other na_ trol which called for large scale co-oper­ worries, and of devoting its varying reo tions and peoples of the world." tHio n on the part of the people". sources to the task of cultural advance". A little later the commiS!lion declare, It sets down what subjects should re­ Democr acy C ; .." " Ri,ht of W ay there is eveJ"}" evidence "that in the ceive the greatest attention in the schools of tomorrow: That the commission has faced the United States as in other countries the question of democracy in t he new order age of individualism and laiuez faire in "The program of social science in­ struction should give knowledge and and il moving toward what might be economy and government is closing and called a functional \'iew of occupation that a new age of rollectivism is understanding concerning the earth as the phySical home of man, the relat ion is exemplified by the follOwing terse emerging". statement: The commi!;!;ion sets its face strictly of geographic (actor!! lo lhe evolution of aftainst fascism and Tegimentation; human culture, the distribution of nat­ "In the light of the social sciences the ur"l resources over the globe, the strug- rating of an engineer or a Y. M. C. A. "From this point of secretary as more import­ "iew, II supreme purpose ant or more valuable than of education in the United a skilled artisan is to be Stales, in addition to t he regarded as u tterly be­ d{'\'elopment of rich anti yond the competence of many-sided personalities, objective determination." i" the preparation of the The commission wants I'ising generation to entel' the teacher to have more the socieh' now cOllling to do with the direction into bein'g thTough a nd conduct of education. thought, ideal llnd knowl­ It belie\'es the teacher edge, rather than through should abandon aloolness coercion, Tegimentation, or indifference. and ignorance, and to This important report ~hape the form of that is signed by some of the society in accordance with illustrious scholars or to­ American ideals of popu­ day; Charies A. Beard, lar democracy and per_ the eminent historian; l'onal liberty and dignit)". George S. Co unts, profes­ "In the integrated soci­ sor of education, Colum­ ety now emerging the bia Univenity; Carlton J. ideal of individual, insti­ H. Hayes, professor of tutional, and locnl ad_ history, Columbia Uni­ \'ancement will or neces­ versity, eminent sociolo­ l'ity J;rive way increasingly gist; Leon C. Marshall, to considerations or gen. who recentl)" has been eral. national and world identified with the re­ \\"{'Ifare." search department of the American Federation or Sod .. 1 Selene", Str"ued Labor. Many others have The commission be­ been identified with thill lie\"l.·~ that the social study. It seems a little sciences should be the short of imllosaible that core of the educational any enlightened teacher lIy~tem . and dedal'cs that would look upon this re­ the function of the school pOI·t as a radical docu_ "is to prepare the younge\" ment to which he must J;reueration for life in a take exception, but thel'c 1'1.'. hi ghly com pi e): industrial by Clu~lr ~'llI'lIr~ . 1.1111(1 Trlll~POtt.ll on. Union were four OT five who ~ol'i~ ty ." The cOllllllis- ;;ldUU". Chlt'lIlI"o. Cused to sign this report. 292 The Journal of Electrical lVorkers a11lI Operators J1l1y, 1931, Master Plumbers Veto Bare Neutral

Thll ilCll1'etary 01 the /ntGTnt,tiOlwl ternational Association of MUnicipnl BTotJit$Thood el Elee/Ticol Werkers 11(18 Decisive action of National Electricians are interested from an elec­ received a communication Irem A. R. trical testing angle: the International McGo'ttegfd, chairman 01 the ,pedfll COIII­ A ssociation of Master Plumbers Brotherhood of ,Electrical Workers and mittGt$ 1m electrical circuit ground, el aid8 fight against standards deg­ Ollemturs and U.tl Eleclrical Guild from fke National A880ciaticm 01 iIIallter radation in the electrical fi e ld. a labor anglej and conduit, appliance Plumber,. Thi, co»ummicalioR ;nform, and cable manufacturers from a com­ the elcctri.caiworker, that at the anRllat mercial angle. All these organi1.8tions convention 01 the M0.8tcr Plumber, A880- have committees working in oPPMition ciatit)J1 IIdd ;n JVt'l8hington, Mati 29-91, of the electrical standards committee of to the proposed code changes. a rClol"tion wa-s adopted Vl,lting that the National Fire Protection Association, The matter is still in a confused and im.poTta1lt and powerl1l.1 oTga'li:w tien 011 under dale of October 18, 1988. indeterminate stalc. record agaitlst tht$ 11.86 of bare neutral This letter protested nny further Following failure to receive a reply in electrical wiriNg circuits. The EI,EC­ action until the Nationnl Assodntion of to the aforesaid letter of protest, Presi­ TRICAL WORKERS JOURNAL t,ak6S plea-sure Master Plumbers had opportunity to in­ dent Barrett, on January 3, 1934, consti­ in publishing tI~ rGport of the IIpeciut vestigate the matter fully and, by inter­ tuted this "special commltlcc on electri­ committee On electrical circuit grolmdll ence, asked for representation. cal circuit grounds" to in/luire into the aJld tM reBoiution. No official reply to this letter was re­ subject and report to this, the 62nd an­ nual convention of the National Associa· REPORT OF SPECIAL COMM ITTEE reiven and no invitation was extended to the association looking to co-operaLion. tion of Master Plumbers. This commit­ ON ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT tee finds the following to be a substan­ GROUNDS On the contrary, II secret committee seems to have been set up and negotia­ tially true statement of the facts as tar Wtlsllingwn, D. C., Mtl)' 26, 1934. tions carried on in that panel. This was as can be determined At this timf": To the delegstes to the 52nd annual con­ Pl4blicly acknowledged by Chairman A. 1. The national elecLrical code is in vention of the National Association of R. Small, of the eledrical standards countrywide use as a guide in electric Master Plumbers. committee at the N. F. P. A. convention light and/or power wiring. It. hAS been Gentlemen: at Atlantic City, May J.5 last.. either adopted in toto or used as a skele· It has been widely rumored in the Ot.her natiollal organizations are ill ton on which to build the governing codes plumbing trade and industry fo r many revolt against the proposed electrical of a vast majority of ci ties. towns Ilnd monthll that negotiations were in prO!r' code changes: Some for the same reason other political units in the United State.'!. ress by certain electrical in terests to we are, and aome for other reasons. The The National Electrical Code is allproved have the national electrical code changed American Society of Sanitary Engineer­ as a standard by the Amcricnn Stand­ to allow plumbing pipes to be used in ing and the American Water Works As· ards Association biennially in odd years. electdc light or power circuits, and Pres­ 6Ocilltion arc interested, al we are, in Prior to 1933, electrical grounda to water ident Barrett took cogni:l:ance thereof in the integrity of plum~ing design and or other plumbing pipes was restricted a letter to Mr. F. V. Magalhaes, chair­ construction. The Internatiq.nal Associa. to service connections and service mains man of the bare neutral subcommittee tion of Ele::trical Inspectors and the In- (Continued on pigI' ~10)

-­-=,-~------

"~ I"I//J~~/", ,v", J/(t\j 1\ 'J July, 1934 The Journal of E lectric«l Wo rker s and Operators 293 More Statistics of Utilities Astound More By An Employed UUIUy Wo r ~ c r

N the May issue, general statistics per cent of the employees are caught regarding the electric utility industry Each em p loyee CB rriel responsi­ in the maelstrom and their co m pa ny~ I illustrated its tremendous size and the mortgaged home becomes a mil lstone great in"uence it has on the activities bility for $54 ,000 w orth o f p r op­ IIround their necks. They are drh'en to of every home, person, ind ustry and busi· erty a t a wag e lo wer than those the point. where t hey have to do. their ness in the country. A fu rther insight in building fi eld. own painting, mason work, electrlcnl into the ramifications and operations of work, carpenter work, etc., after a fash­ this great.. power octopus will he both in­ io n. How then can the tradesmll n in teresting and enllghtenin~ to electrical these crafts make a living! Even the worker and consumer alike. Let Ul! re­ without regard to wal.'1l or salary com­ \'cry upplianees which the utility com­ member at the outset, however, thnt nny mensurate with responsibility. The panies sell at a discount to employees analYllis we make shall be on the basis train disputcher gets less than a union must be bought. on time. Such is the of snneness and reason and not in the bricklayer. The load dispatcher less picture of 1\ "company union" home light of radicalism or ranatieism. than a union journeyman electrician. owner. How can he be the "bulwark ot The statistics of the utility industry T he foremen re~eive nbout the same as the nation" as real estate men are wont itself indicate that the invested cnpitnl a union helper in the some trade, and to call the home owner! Instead he be­ in th(' business is $54.000 per employee. the skilled trad"sm;ln even less. The comes the bulwark of the open shop nnd In other words, striking an nverage turbine man gets less UUIn the ash hauler the company union movement. th rough t he 200 or more trades in the in a r lant that pays union wages. Cleri­ Before continuing, a survey of feder­ industry, from charwoman to president, cal help in the financial, [egal and real· ated t rades wages in a few cities will ench employe<.> handles, ollerates, main­ estate d('ilnrt-,-entll, mol It look at $100 help to point out t he fa llacy of hoping tains. desih'TI~, constructs, or supervises a month as big salary, and 110 on through­ that com pliny union wage sca les have equipment valued at $5'1.000. In no other out t.he industry. a nything in them to be desired. In U)33 industry, I believe, is such gr('at average These low wage!! and salnries ·in t he the federated trades wage in J oli et, 111., employee responsibility found. Truly, in utility ind ustry ure in t he main due to for bricklayers, cement finis h e r ~, electri­ nny small business or industry, one t he policies udopled by \.he "compa ny ca l workers. gus ti lters, hoisting engi. would hI' n "bitt shot" On the basil! of unioos." The white collar class has in­ neers, iron workers, l athe r ~ , plumbers, such flrrureq. Yet, in t he utility ind us­ ~ti1 ! ed in it the iden thut to be co nnected roofers, sheet metnl workers and sleum. try the employees ca rry this averug(' !"e_ with the utility industry is in itself n fitters, Wll ~ $ 1.25 per ho ur. Lnbol·ers sponllibility for $54,000 worth of prop­ reward a nd a dignified cull ing. The ti tle I" e~eived 76 cents per hour. In J orsey er ty, equi pment a nd apparatus. at a which goes with Il\'ery position is calcu. City, N. J .. these same trades in 1933 wag(' or snlnl·y of but 50 to 75 prr cellt lated to appellse tile vanity a nd with it. m nged from $1.'10 to $2 !leI' hou r . In of the f('derated trades scnle, for similar lhe desire for inc reased salary of the Portland, Oreg.. nnd Seattle, Wash .. t hey work in the sume territory. individual. The ~ k i!led t l'ades people are received from 90 cents to $1.20 per hour. The res!lonsibi!ity of individuul CIUK" then told "why so lind so gets only so In P ittsburfth they received frorn $1.25 mD.V be much greater and it would be much and look at the posi lion he has". to $UiS. In ;\Icmphis, T en~ .. they re­ un rnir to these men and women in the The real estate department sets up a cei\'ed (rom $1 to $1.37'<2. In Los An­ industry to smother their ca"!es under buildillg and lonn organization. Home geles they reteh'ed from .87 I ~ to $1.25 avel·a~e fi~ures. Example!' of lIueh calles ownership through it i, made a cardinal per hour. Thus we have II cross section are liS follows. Train dispatchers ure virtue in oreler to lower lubor tUrnover of the country, tllkin~ into considerntion responsible for the operation or the elec­ (to tic the employ~s down, if you cities where livin~ costs vary with the tric trartion equipment of the industrv. please). This occurs ut. price~ on homes climate and yet the ligures nil point in In the 150 larger companies of the coun­ out of a\l proportion to the income of the di rection of $1.25 to $2 an hour tr:.' this equipment rei)resents from $10.- the individual according to the real maximum. At the same time the utili- 000,000 to $50,000,000 in value. Thl' !lYs­ estate profe'sion itself. Fro'll 50 to 80 teAl operator or load dispatcher ill 1"('. !l llonsible for the corl"('Ct operation and ro-ordinalion of all electrical plants anel transmiS!lion lines on the system. Th .. 150 largt! utilities each have from 25 to 150 plants and substations with thou­ !

HE International BI·otherhood of way to utilize the b.·ains of economists Electrical Workc~ in Los Angeles, Joint political organixation of without jeopardizing their future; he is T through theh· "Joint Political Or· making an heroic fight against over­ gllnization" spon!l()red the mllss meeting California takes a ctive part in wh"llIIillg uJ':] .. tu f.·"., tI,,, masse.s of the which is reproduced by photogTaph else· burning ca mpaign to bring back eXllloitation they have so long endured, where in this JOURNAL. state to democracy. Runs on and his ever increasing popularity is con­ O\'el· 4,000 electricians, and their elusive e\'idence that the people have friends gathered at the Hollywood Democratic ticke t. become Nation-conscious. and let it be Legion Stadium to sec, and hear Upton said to the credit of Californians that Sinclair, and Sheridan Downey, who are ..... e are the fin!l to launch a state_wide candidates respeetively for Go\'ernor, plan that coincides and harmonizes and Lieutenant Governor on the Demo­ lions, and as a candidate for governor with the present administration's legis­ cratic ticket of the SUlle of California. of California he enjoys the unillUe posi. lath·e acu for recovery. Sheridan Downey, a well-known tion of not having to waste his time a9 Upton Sinclair has no employer. As attorney from north of the Tehll.chlillis, others do trying to sell themselves to go\'ernor of CaJi[ornia he will be re­ in his introductory apeech waxed elo­ the people. sponsible only to t he will of the people. quent in his praise of Upton Sinclair for The voters of California in turn real· By being under no obligation to any his decision to accept t he leadership of ize that, he does not need the governor· special intel·est groUI) he will have an all lovere of true democracy in this ship of this sta tu to Ildd t.o hi~ renuwn, unhampered oppor tunity of proving to state, knowing as he does the responsi­ glory, or (allie, of which he has an ove.' the world that. democl"R tic government bility he must assume as governor, not abundance, but the atate of California administe"ed in its true form is still only to end poverty in California, needs Ullton Si nclair as our political the best practical government that the through co-operative measures, but at helmsman to steer the EP IC ship of brain of civilized man can conceive, and the same time to guarantee to each indi_ slate . on its proper course when we when true democratic government is im­ \'idual under the law of our land, their launch it at the next election. proved on, Californians will do it, consliluliollll.l right ur li fe, liberty, and The readers of this magazine on the the pUn!uit of happiness as they see fit LOIe Faith in Ac ademic Theor y Pacific Coast have ample opportunity to to elect. Since the beginnin!!: of our present familiarize themselves with the EPIC It was also pointed out that, this depression period we have been pa­ plan to end poverty in Calirornia, but for change can. and will be broug-ht about. tiently waiting for some formulative the beneHt of those who are unrurtull ale not by scrapping or discarding our plan to enlallate from the combined enough to Jive in other states where treasured traditions of democracy, but brains of our ftcademic economists that political I)rogress is slow. here is a brief rather by an intl'llif'f'nt a l)lllication o[ would not only I·elieve our present condi­ outline of what it will accomplish. the principles of democracy, some ot tion. but would make future depressions Epic P la n Expla ined which have been lying dormant since improbable. the signing of the Declaration of We now know that our academic The EP rc plan as put forward b~· Independence. eeonomist~ al·e In most cases salnl·y UI)ton ::imcJuir is based on the principle workers. and that thei.. economic that. if democratic gover nment is to theories or diseoveries a.·c released to endure. it must assume the responsibility the public through thto censorship of that the name implies; Le., it must func­ All the politicalisms of ~urope are but thcir employer.!. so we can look (or little tion in the interest, and welfare of all a camouflaged gesture on the pan of or no benefit from that source. Ho ..... - those governed. those who rule to keep the people in ever. President Roosevelt has found a subjection. Their system of government 1('",11 ' ",,('·1 ,," 1'~1t.. :II:!) based on the theory of cJas.~ rule. and c1as~ subjection is conducive of the many bloody n!\'olutions which mark the pages of their history down through the ages, and their propaganda should not find root on American soil. But due to [he prolonged depression, and the re· dueed economic condition of millions of our citizens. the United Slates is becom­ ing more susceptive to the foreign idea of revolutionary government, and unles9 the people of this country awaken to the seriousness of the situat.ion, as have the peol)le of California, the foundations ot true demoeracy are in imminent. danger of total collapse with the resultant loss to ourselves, and our posterity o[ our inherent right to liberty, and freedon •• whirh ('an nnly hf' gUllrllntt'l'rI hy 11 gov. ernment of. for, and by the people. Cplon Sinclair needs no introduction to California audiences. nor for that matter in any part of the world where ch·iJization has reached the stage of literacy. his written word having been translated in as mllny as 45 different languages. Through his Jlublished works he has become intimately known to lUi!· July, 19J1, The JOIWlwl of Electl'ical It'orkers and Operators 295 Call System Originated by Electrical Worker By W, WAPLES, L. U. No . 292, M inneapolis

(Edilor' • .\'ole: Smll/l ('1'011. '11"'''· is ,'er~' definitely undermining his m"n­ timn buomt' iKdutt of Ihl' 1;lIIu. Tht' Stirring times s timula t e union ~ tal inteKrity. It will be obsen'ed Iha~ nud for mobiiiz6tion of uniolli., ••o /1m' the mind or such a person gradually dt'tlllU"l"Ilfll moll be 1l'rutrl'(lf, aliff,,, I/ull isia to d evelop m e thod for quick Itops 1IT0winl(, for, bei n ~ conl!lllnlly qwkk actioll tnall ,tifl bf' tlchil'l".. d nil assemblage. Signi6cant. hedged in and cropped here and there, l>olitiu, h.o. prompted ':\'. Pi"h.h, L. {'. il lIOon lellrns to respect artificiaJ rence.. Yo. 291, .11i" R~po/i.t, to dl'1' .. iop 0 N",ioll more than freedom for growth. eoil 'J/.tem. TAil '1I1f .. m hot thl' lId-. You have not been a \'ery c1o~e ob­ '-adage of jfrxibil;11I ond oni(t"linl'J" It are self·e\'ident and should commend ,en 'er or ,uch men if you ha\'e not hll, btt.. "'td I,,-ith I1leeu" it i • • aid, in themseh'l's to man), organi7.ations at this MOen them Ihrivel, become commonplace. a 11IImbrr of r;tie,. The u('cd for a eall time when man meetillgs, united rront menn, withoul influence. Without fri('nd~ ~1I.lrm df'pf'nm, of COllr.r, llpon a lIud movements, mali!> pmtesls, elc., ar... or and without the enthuliaam of youth 10 rtfrr the execlltioll of lillion polirirll frequent and urgent need due to the lind Kl"owth, like a tree covered with into tht l/and, of Iht entirt group. Tllpid changes taking place at this time. fungu!>, the folillgc diseaaed, the lif£' l'nioni,m it delllofnH'1I in lU'tiOfl. Tlt.e gone out of the heart with dry rOI, and roll lIl11/ttll i, 0 dt'l·tlOPlllfflt cnku/alf'd " 'e must learn that an)' person who indelibly marked ror destruction-dead, to aid in Ihi. ouompfi,hllltnt. Our cor_ will not accepl what he knows to be but not )'et handed over to th" ,·uPDlldcIII ducribn Ihill modtr" Itrh_ truth. ror the ,·erl' love of truth alone, undertak(,r.-I.uther Burbank. >liqll(, in (I('/oil.)

VENTS, which ha"e ari~en out of the conditions of the depression, CALL! E have caused many to gh·e thought to measures, whereby labor's m ... nns or Squed Z Lieut. Cepte in LieuL Squed Z dell ling with emergency situatlonll, might be increased, in efficiency lind prompti­ tude of action, to meet the more Impera­ tive demnnd of the times II 10ng thill line. Amonj;t" tho~e who hllve given lIome thought to this matter is Brother Mike Pinkosh, of L. U. No. 292, who hll8 in· vented a lIys tem of orgnnidnK and tabu­ lating IIny orff"anh:ed Kroup whereby im. ----} __'~---,T !TIT1,--~-.--_ mediate and etrective di~ !lNni nati(ln of in formlltion, IImong its mem~r!l ill ~rt'atly facilitnted. Le.deu Rudy The plan of organi7.ation is to divide J ----.-rt--f4-1 the memlx!rshiJI into group" of nine mem_ - -+--\- } ,--- 1lj-d'--'{-- bers each; each g rou p conlli~tinK of a captain, two lieutenant!!, and two IIq uad ~ or three members each. In operation, when a call is to be sent out, lht' head or the organiution calls Captain :'\'0. 1, who, in turn, ulls his two Iieutenantll each of whom in turn callll the three members of his tlquad, thus taking care of group 1. When Captain Ko. 1 calls hi, lieutenants he al!l() calls Captain 1'0_ 2, who, in turn, calls his two lieutenant'! and also Captain No.3 and !l0 (m until 1111 the mem~rship ha ~ been noURed. Although Brother Pinkosh hall given his plan the name of "The Union Call System". ih applicability 18 not limited to the U!lt' or labor unioO!l but ma)" be or practiclil use to any economic, political, " ( ·,,;nto C.II ~ r ~'r"' '' w,l .eve you I,me .ncl '" ey. 1'", ro"rT.. I .. ph"" .. fraternal, lIO(ial. religiou!!, or oth"r or_ ~"",I, .. r","".. I;" ... BU$,ne$. Menever '. eel Celli t. Tn. Celli, 1 pniUltion. For instance it may be ... lTec­ co". C"pi Z. el.o L.eul. 1 end L'euI _ .2 end .00" L,eul. on Ihe roVht end ti,·ely u~ed in election campaijtJls. ,,, I"'e left :e; '''g Sa .. ed Z. Membe •• delle"d'''g n "e'ghbo".· lel .. phone The tabulation feature of the plan I~ meek X bo~,d. yo .... " .. mb .. ,. T o .. neck UP. ".v."" Sq .. ed Z eoll'ng LI.ul,. worked out through a diaj{fAm-or whi:.-h ... ,eul cOI/,ng C.OI .• nd COPI, C.lllng e .... ,,, ••• Meneg.'. T .. y end ed' I submit u copy. The diagrnm illulltrlltes venc. your •• 11 _ 1',,11 '"t.. ,b .... ,,,.. , II ' ';Cll\ "II \\' 11 ,\ " \ ' 0 1' tI ,\ , ' 1': I. U.!.T, the form of the orgnni tatlon lind the -cIPtc-.,. foot noll' explnin! the method of ..... , ." .... . M P,NKOS .... . M,~" ... , I o. M'"n, opl'rntion. ~.-.-. ,., ...., ..... -.,- ...... ~ ...... , -~" Brother Pinkosh hus !leeured a copy­ ...... right on the plan and is prepared to Group ~up pl y it to any organitatlon, thaI de­ NO . ~ lires to use it, (or a nominal tee. facsimile reproduction of a clIII ~hee t designed to aid union leaden to reach nan The practical advantllgl!8 of Ihe plan quickl)' and economically. This was developed b)' lin electrical worker. The Journal 01 Electrical Workers and Operators July, 19S1, • Notorious Private Police In Steel et al

EPORTS that steel companies in eommisaioned by the governor at tile Pennsylvania were preparing to Exposure made in study by requelt of corporutions and the com· Rg reet lhr. l.hrf'lItl'nf'fl strike with nlissions also were cancelled at lIleir machine guns, barbed wire, gas bombs University of Pe nnsylva nia mc m· bidding. Nor was it made mandn· and rifle bullets, focused labor's at~en­ ber. Syste m a tra gic aurvival­ tory that persons arrested must be tion anew on the fact that in this grimy c ostly, illegal and brutal. taken at once to public lock·ups, hence realm of ateel and coal it is still pos­ the way was left open for the IlOlice to sible, And LEGAL, for A corporation to drag strike" to com pany barracks and hirc ita own private army of dcputies or beat them, as in the Bn rkoski case. police, lind turn them loose in bload)' year of its birth, is 0. medieval lurvival: when a striker was benten to death in war against its own worke". that it is illegal; that it is a costly barrackl by company police office". Governor Pinchot, after a White charge upon indurtry (which meana, in Organized labor called the Mansfield act Bouse conference, in which he discuu.ed turn, the consumer) : and that it ia used "the double cross," the pogible strike with President. Roose· as a brutal wenpon against labar. Governor Pinehot's attempt to create velt, remarked: For example. it ill eatimated that rail· the "Pennsylvanill Protective Service." "The steel companies in the Pitta· roads alone pay about ,20,000,000 a a group of trained police which should burgh area and along the Ohio River year aa wages for their private police be available for hire to unions as well ore arming themselves with machine foreel aver the United Statea as a as corporations. for the purpose of pro· guns and setting up barbed·wire en· whole, the call of maintenance of these tecting property, and also "all persons tanglements;" and the conservative men being additional. Of this total, in their right to accept, follow, and at New York Timell relalea that deputies mo r e than $1,000,000 is paid to t he any time surrender--" their em ploy· we re being instructed In ritle lire nnd police of one l'ail roud-the Pennsyl· ment, failed or enactment by the legis­ grenade throwing. vania-in the Itate ot Pennsylvania. lature. In HI31 Governor Pinchot reo The use of conlpsny paid police by This is but the ordinary cost of IIllch fused to issue further commissions ror corporations is part ot a system that the pal ice. Du ring the Ihopmen's Itrike in the coal and iron police and revoked corporations call "defense af property 1922 one railroad in Pennsylvania paid those commiS!lions then outstanding, ap· rights," a nd labor, from bitter experi· more for wagel for e ll i ra police for a parently in an etTort to wipe out the ence, calls "opprellSion of human period at 87 daya than ita oreltnnry total system. which did not succeed, as we rights." Now comes a student af Isw, WIIK"C Lill rur poli~e for the year. h"Ye Cliorlier intelTI'd, because corpora· J. p, Shalloo, Ph.D., of the Unive"ity "Labor rightly regarda luch police as tions have continued to supply them· of Pennsylvania, who after s detailed employeel or corporations and not selves with police commiS!lioned as study af the structure and functioning agents (which legaUy they are) of the deputy sheriffs. af the system of industrial police in state itself," Mr. Shalloo decllres. Prior to the governor's revocation of Pennsylvania, calls it "one of the great­ An examination of the legal back· commissions there were approximately est Constitutional contradictians," as­ ground of the private police system 2,000 industrial police legally licensed serling that the Itate has illegally dele· showA that thl' lliUltl' nf Pennsylvania, in the stat(> of Pennsylvania; and in gated its police powers inlo private !hortly after the Civil War, in 1860, time of strike the number was greatly hands for private uses. many of which passed a statute licensing police officers increased, sometimes to as many as he believes indefensible .• to be employed by the railroads; in 6,000. Pouibly bec:!Iu&c of thc mcri~ of hi!! 1866 thil stalute was amended to ill' 1\ fActual picture of lhe COlli town, II book, Mr. Shalloo was allpointcd (I few c1 ude "cer tain other companies," giving 80rt of feudal village owned and con­ months ago as secretary of a commis' birth to the coal find iron Ilolice. At first trolled by the company Rn d the result­ sion appointed by Governor Pi nchot, COllllnillllions in this force were I~~ued ing denial of civil rightB to the workers whu is himself a foe or industrial police, freely by the state to penons desig­ resid(>nt therein. is given by Mr, Shal· to investigate special policing in nated by the company without even a 100. who mentions "the brazen abuse of industry. fee being charged lor the commiuions. police power" in these isolated settle· Allhough the governor tried ta wint' In 1871 the state beltDn to charge a fee ments. out the system three yea" ago when he of $1 per commill!lion and lhis IlMictice The us(> of the coal and iron police in revoked commi!!Sions and refused ta wall cantinued until 1929, the strike period trom 1925·H128 is cov· issue mor(> commissions for the coal and ered in some detail, with affidavits by iron police. hiA arlinn ~ppm!ll to have Br" te Fo rc. Val"ed witn(>!III('r; tdling of evictions; of strik· ers dMigged otT to company barracks merely removed the licen~ing or su~h The~e officers, though commiasioned afficers out of the hands or the state and beaten up; of arrests on trUmped· by the state. and llcrmitted to e"(erd~e and turned it over to thl' counties, for police powen, were entirely the crea· up charges; or lnbor provoked to vio· it is possible to hire, throu~h thc aheriff, lence: of wanton shootings, som(>times turu of the company whi~h hired them. armed deputies who are used by corpo· They wl"rl" cholen Itenertilly without of women and children, by the police; rationa as paid, private armies: and it is much rl"'turd for chnrocler: indel'd, it is and of company nl'iu!nais containing charged by the governor that the deputy !IIIicl Ilml a good character meant that guns, hlack jacks, machine guns, shot sheritTs have been used to prevent thl' the mAn hnd never been in jail. More guns, rifles ahd tear gas bombs. organization of trarle unions. attention WIIS pui d their phyMicnl than LA bor S py Cata logu ed theil' nlOl'll1 strength, and citulions throughout the book show lllNt lhe coal :£.gbor in Pennsylvania kno~ that Mr. Shalloo's study. though he has and Iron police were generally power· thele weApans are atill ready and that written it from the cold, impartial view. ful thugs weighill!: from 200 to 250 the indultrial police system is ready point of the scientific investigator, il pound~. capable of wielding a blackjack whenever a C'orporation wants it, to nevertheless an indictment. It shows or club with cru"hmg elrect. make legal war on strikers. that the system of industrial police in Because of the frequent use or this In addition, employers have at their Pennaylvania, created in 1866 and mercenary anny in nets of violence and bidding licensed private detectives with 1866, and chanred hut little sincp thp terrori~m against strikl"n. oreanited quasi·palice power-and thl'r(> Are hun­ labor made strenuous demands that the dredl ot detective agencies in Penns)'\· ·"fLUIf' J'oll("f'--Wllh I,W'I:'lal ~rl' ... n('l' I~ old law should be chlng(>d, The Mans­ vania. concentrated mostly in Pittsburgh Ppnn_,.lnnla 11,- J. I', ~haLlMJ, 1'"bll,h",1 field law of 1929 did not alter the egen· and Philadelphia-who may be hired Ity "ml'r'~Rn " ..,,,I~m)" or 1'011t1 .. ~1 Rnil RMIII ~~ll'nl'('. PhUldelpbla. tials or the sYltem: The police WCre (ConUnaed an !lag-!! r-o) July, 1994 The Journal of Electrical lVorkers alld Operat01's 297 Who Is Steel?-Gre at Firms, Bank ~ Controlled

HE directorships of lhe lour big Morkan I'ark Company DireClor. I'itu.burgh Stumahlp Compan)'-Direclor. Anti-union steel companies coml)()se Four huge ste el companies T a who's who ol the li nancisl and in­ Trotter Water Coml'lny Director. dustrial dictatorship or America. habitually high-pressure govern· Cnivu,al Atlaa Cern~nt Company- Director. me nlo Big banks, ne wspapers, N o. I Company And 8\1 other compnnln. railroad. , utilities, telephone all Lamont. T huln llll W. ( MoTi:an I,arlner). U . S. S t eel Corporation Chicago &:. ~;rle Ilailrold Company­ contribute to directorships of Dinclor. Director. great anti·union aggregates. Mor­ Cro.... ell Publl. hing Company- Diredor. T.) lo r. M)ron C. (Chairman of board) Druel and Company, l'hitadelphi. ­ American Telephone and Telegraph Com­ gan involved. Partner. paTI)'- Diredor. First Security Compan)' of the eltJ' of Atthilon, Topeka .t. Sanlll I"e Railw.y Ne.... York Director. Comp.ny--Member e:recut;ve commit_ Gu.ranty T.1I1l Company of r\ew York­ tee .nd director. Bank for Sa"lnlfl in the city of New Director. Fint National B.nk of New York­ York Trultee. Intern.tion.1 Agricultur.1 Co r poratlon­ Director. Belt Telt'phone Comp.ny of Canada Director. I"int Security Compllny-Dlrtdor. Director. Inurnation.1 Ibrve ~ ter Company. Inc.­ Metropolitan Opera and Real Estate Com· 8ell Telephone Company of Pennaylvanl. Director. p.n)·-Director. -Din·ctor. Lamont, ('orll" ... Compnny-Chai.m.n Mutual Life Inaurance Company-Mem­ Bell Telephone Secllrities Con,panr­ of Board. ber IIn.nce committee and truatee. Director. J. 1'. )Iorll"n .nd Compan)·-Partner. Ne .... York Centr.l Railroad Company­ And 22 other companies. N.tion.1 Railways of Muie_Director. Member of the ue~utive committee 1I 0nalo n. n u 'id F. Northern I'utllc Railway Compan),- and director. American Teh!phone and Telegr.ph Com- Diredor. We.t Shore Railroad Comp.ny-Director. p.ny DI~ctor. SoulhwUlern Con.truction Com,.an),­ Aver)'. 8I': .... ell L. Gamegie Corpor.tlon-Director. Director. Columbia I)niversit),-Trnltee. Armour I: Company-Di~tor. l ll iler. Nathan L. Dell.... re, Lfleka ..... nn. Ii Wn tern Ral!_ (,htc.ll'o D.ily Ne.... _Director. Hornblowe •• Miller, MI\I~r ... 80lton­ Chlca.o Grcat Western Ratlrooad- road Comp.ny -Director. Partner. Director. Gnarantee Trult Compaoy-Dlre~tor. ;\lIItllal Life In.ur.nce Company of Ne1l' Mlltll.1 Life Inlurance Compan)' of Ne .... Continent.1 ('hlcago Corp.-Dinctor. York Trultt't'. Continent.1 l11inola Comp.nJ'-Dlrector. York- Prnident and t ruBtee. New York Tel~phone Company Director . )Io rg.o. J. 1· luptlnt (Morgan him.elf). Continental lilinob National Oank .nd Church I.tfe InlUr/lnce Corporation- TruRt Company-Director. North IIrltlsh and Mercantilo [Blur.nee Trea.urer And dirertor. And four other ~omp.nie •• Comp.ny- Oirector. Chllrch l'enalorl Fund- Trt'a s ur~r o lhr. G eor~ F. Irvin. Willia n, A. Americ.n Telt'phone .nd Tt'ltCTaph Com. Ameritan Iron and Steel institute­ trlllle~. Di~count Corporation of New Yark­ pany-Director DireTtor. Director. Conlolidattd C .. Company of Ne.... York Amerlun Brldke Company Dlrertor. -Di rector. Amuletn Mining Company Director. U·unlln,,'·'] Oil I.u:-e 316) I"I .... t N.tion.1 B.nk of Ne... York--ch.lr_ min and director. Flnt St'curity Company of Ne1l' York- Chairman and director. General Electric Gomp.ny-Dlrector. Gtneral "otora Corpor.tion-Director. And 10 other companlea. B llffinlfto n. EuJtt!ne .I. Continental lIIino iR n.nk .nd Trult Com­ pan)'-Director. 11_ ('. Frick Coke Company Director. Gary Land Company-Preaident .nd director. Glry State Bank- Director. Universal Portland ('ement Company­ Director. And alx other comp.nles. Farrt'li. Jam ... A. American Bridge Comp.ny-Director. II. C. I"rick Coke COmpany-Director. Pitt"burgh Steamship Company- Dire~tor. Tennessee Co.l. Iron and Railroad Com. pnny- Director. Universal Atlaa Cement Company­ Dir<:,~tor. And 2~ oth~r companlea. to'llherl, Wllliftm J . C.rnegie Steel COmpnny (Ne1l' Jeruy)­ Director. CarneRie St~el Company (Penn.ylyania) -Director. Cyclane I" enc~ Company-Director. F'edernl Shipbuilding nnd Dry Dock Com­ pnny--Dir~ctor. Michigan Limel tone lind Chemical Com­ pany-Director. And 20 other compllniea. Gilfo rd. Wall er S- American Telephone and T eleR raph Com. STt:t:T.·MAK,:-:O pany- P reaident and d irector. Mural by "hO ' u.~ nart Hl'u,,,,, 298 Tile Journal o{ Electrical lrorker8 and OpcratQr8 Measuring the Worth of NRA to Labor By HENRY HALPERT, L"oi No.3, I . 8. E. W.

HERE are economists todu) \.1\0 Xow, how is labor affected by their would like UI to believe that unem· Worker scans ravages of unC!! m ­ lIIalJS unemployment? In the year!' T ployment has been an economic­ 191 !I. I !l29, about 1,000,000 job. werE' hiltorical problem as man advanced ployment upon human e le m e nt in loat due to improved machines and through the ages. While there might industry. modern efficiency. No definite plans be some trulh in this deduction, yet it w{'re made to absorb tht'&e men. Fail· i. nol significant for us to delve Into the urel of business and mergers alao tended past for the acute suffering of millions to further increau the numb@r of idle. of men out of work at present. I be­ attempt to follow the mueh talked of In December, 1931, there were twlee II.!! lieve that if we begin in retrollilecl with American t1 accurate a renee· envelopes always are on the short re. in manufacturing received only 66 per lion of underlying conditions for ma!lll ceiving end. These conditions might ecnt of the pay of December, 1 !)2!1. L'n· idlcneSIl n9 we can obtai 11 for IIny ~imilar strikingly be illustrated with IItathlUclI ellll)loyment rose (rom 10.3 per eent to pl'riod in mankind's development. but sillce variables are constantly ehlL ll g. 21.8 per cent. WorkerH' buying power Vital as unemployment recorda are to ing, it mil{hL 1.11' beller to urHw on our tell trom !I!U to 55.8 in the same pe· the welfare of the United States, the own conditions for deflnite specification. riod. This huge 10811. in workers' ineome fact is that all statistics relating to idle­ While it has been guessed that in the shows itself in tbis manner (I) uecad· yean 1!120·1927 inclusive, the average ne89 Rre I>stimate.'1. In the yean pre· pnrl' of human resourc~. (2) lou (Ii ceding the depression, the number of yearly number of unemployed was about morale, d~eney, self.reS1H!ct and abject unemployed was establillhed in this man· 3.000.000. we can ~ard the elltimate a J)O\'ert)·. approximatel)' accurate. Beginning with ncr. Two estimates were made. One Joble .. Crow a,.d Crow elililllaU:! ""as of the total number of 1928 and about 44,000,000 working p .. o­ persons in industry. The second esti­ pIe in the United States as a bRle. lind Again in 1932, three yea,.. dter the mate was of tholll! employed. The dif· percentagell from American Federation depreuion began, we begin to establi,h ference between these two figurea gave of Labor statistics, we arrive at the fol­ reeords. We reach new pl'aks in the num· the number out of work. So we can lowing yearly a\'erage of unemployed in bers of men displMled by machine~. fail. readily see the reason why l)eople even the United State~: ures, m('rgers and a general fl lowing up. today in giving figures on unemploy­ A"trClg' Al! .... oge We find hours of employment ror tho~e mf'nt will guess numben to luit their Per PIlrI·Ti.... Pn- ltill working increased and the worker~' eonvenience and will perhaps right­ )·to ... 1Iltrnrp/II"IItd ('ut II'l)f'kt?l! Celtl Incomes lower than at any time in the fully doubt those figures colleeted 1928 5.720.000 13 depreSl!ion. We find the railroadll in a 1929 5.2110.000 12 bad wa)' and the building of homes at ·'"eientifi~ally. " 1930 9.2~0.000 21 a standstill. We find that relief for Beginning with 1928, however, the 111Jl 11.HO.OOO 26 126 cities cost $300,000,000 for the ~'ear American Federation of Labor began to 1932 H,IIRO.OOO 32 9.240.000 21 and that the r~ipienta of the relief gather statistics that give us as nearly 1933 1~.r..lO.OOO 31 9,116,000 20.1 aceurate an estimate of the numbers average one·fiftieth of their normal Analyzing thf' aho\'p tahl .. , WP 1I('f' an ineome. We further find thot 83 pcr ldle as it is polISlble to get. With lil", average mounting number of unem. methods of counting the unemployed cent or all goods and III!rvices are bought ployed beginning with 1928, reaching jtll by wage and small ularied worker~ understood, we can proceed with the peak in 1!132. It reeeded in 1933 and problem proper. earning $5.000 a year and leS/!. Beyond for the months available in HI3"" it has this, we find that In the leven pro~per· Unemployment today is the working. attained the 1931 level. That may be man'. nightmare. Irrespective of what OUI years ending in 1929. an indu~trif'~ aomewhat of an Recomplishment, but were equipped to produee 50 per eent he might be employed at, presently. to· can we return to prosperity with morrow perhaps, might finll him totally more than they eould lell. 11,500,000 still unemployed? displaeed by a new machine, a new pro· ICOUl[nut'd on I•• "e 31:1) ceu, an employer'lI failure. or an em· deney expert's bedevilment. H not entirely out, there are very few em· ployees who are employed 62 week! in the year. With the "spread the work" movement, that has been instituted within the last few yean, "1I1eady" em· ployees' time has been cut to 16 weeks a year and up. Now what does thi8 mean! It mean, that want, privation, delltitution exist amongst all our work. ing people employed as well as unem· ployed. It is a known faet that even at full time employment. wage. received by the greatest number of working men in the United States are not enough to allow for sufficient saving altainst unemployment.

How to 5 •• 0 A,.i,.. t Need Many people often erroneou~ly think that high wage scaleB mean high ..... agell. People forget that if you average the amount of wagJ'!$ received over a defin. ite period of time, the act\lal war.l'! r .. - ceh'ed will be small. I! wa/o:e earners 'T ilt; l·:-;t:lll'1.0\l:n Tit" TO UO !:;(o).n:TIIl:-G .'OR 'TlIInlln:r.\'):8 July. 199. Tlte Journal of Electl'ical Tl'ol'1.'ers and Operators 299 Casey' s Chronicles from the Work World By F. Shapland. L. U. No. 230. Victoria, B. C.

(l'olLthwp\l rr0111 Ju .. " h~utl

.. 'Well,' I ses, 'I have an idea that. ye the aerial was fastened a long pulley ';Dinner." cat1ed Ellen (rom the side are .!ludin to the color of me hail', an',' clothes Iille. porch. They made their wny into the Ie! I, as I bowed low with me hand on Going down the walk they came to the houee and were met by Eileen, who, tall "Ie heart, 'me hair II of a \'cry rare pole. Looking fit it, "Slinl" remarked: and graceful, was a lovely picture of ctJlor. an' so far. leadin' scientists have "It wouldn't take a Sherlock Holmes to what her mother might have been as a ~n unable to discover its equal on the deduce from the visible e\'idence that an girl. With a dimpled smile of welcome <".mtillent, an' the only thing I see here old wood butcher lived here." "Well," ehe shook handl with "Slim." saying: to ronlpare with ill! beautiful tint Ie the /laid Casey, with a chuckle. "that pole "No wonder d.d's looking flO happy to­ cheek! of her leddy.hip sittin' there at has been a life Sll\'er to me, Whln I get night; he's sure glad to meet up with the window, an' now, dear fellow crea­ a little lonesome for the feel av the old his old tilikum." tures, I'm sure ye'l! excuse me departure belt and hooks, I put thim on an' climb Cascy led the way to the bath room, whin t tell ye that I am due to meet the up to the top II.V the stick, an' look where "Slim;' with much spluttering .nd head!! av our Carnl)an)' at an important around while I talk to meself. But whin IIplashing, removed the traces of toil conference where I am to deliver an essay Ellen catches me she says, real mad-like: from his face, and then with brush and entitled, "Hints and luggestions as to the 'Ten-ence, what in the world are ye comb, slicked up hia hair. "That look!. correct deportment of telephone opera­ doin' up there agin!' 'We1I,' I Kay real a little better." he said. Ca!J(!y dupli· t,lrl while on duty'" I backed gJ'8refully humble-like, 'me love, I'm jun tighten in' cated the performance, but when he tried out through the door just as the to brush his hair, which slood UI" chief operator came hurrying in to in a stiff, unyielding pompadour. "et' what all the noise was about:' he met with little success. Look­ "Yes," said Ellen, "and do you ing into the mirror with a grin, know he never ~sted until he got he said: "Now ph ...... t in the divil a proper introduction to me, and would ye do wid a big cowlick like then he pestered me 10 much with that!" hie attentions that I married him "Well, seein' yuh done your to J(et rid of him!" best with it, and 110 far your "Well," said Terry, "the firm of family ha~n'l thrown yuh out. I Case)' and Company hae been in guess nlaybe yuh can get by this existence for a good many )'eaTS. time," was the unsympathetic an' I don't see any signs of either anlwer. party askin' for a diuolution of Making their way to the dining the partnership." room. where Ellen had the dinner "No." said fo:l1en. laughing. ready. they took their seats, \\-;th "Terry oceupies the ume position Casey at the head of the table, a~ the spare tire on the car. Take Wilh bowed heads they wllited 'Slim' out and !ihow him the garden while Casey. in response to a nod while I get dinner reatly." from Ellen, mumbled out some­ "Come wid me;' !laid Terry, "an SII,\I'I'IE thing unintelligible, which an- 1"11 show ye some of the re!!ults of swered for the blessing, and then, me having !!pare time to do things I like." up the aerial.' 'It seems to me: says Ihe, with a ligh o( relief, grasped the can'· "Slim" followed him along a neat con· 'that aerial needs a lot of fixin', Some ing act and, in the same vigorous crete walk to the rear of the house. Pass­ day ye11 be faUin' down an' breakin' yer style he used in splicing secondary injr through the open gate ofa high lattice neck: " taps on a big transformer, cut off fence at the eorner of the hou!!e. they "Well," said "Slim," severely, "I don't large slices from an appetizing roast of Mtellped out on II boa rd walk of heavy blame her, JUdg!n' by the Iplinters on beef, each one'a plate receiving a goodly lI.altSlOnes. The !! IOlling ground lent the Btick, she must be kept pretty busy portion, to which he added the "trim­ itself admirably to a series of four mn­ mindin' her over(trown baby. But," ming1l," as he called them, consisting of aive terraC'es almost buried in a pro­ he continued, looking around at the rock creamed mashed potatoes, Yorkshire fu!!ion of bright-colored rock plants. At work, "where did yuh get all the stone pudding and vegetables amothered in right angles from where the)' ltood for the fortifications!" rich brown gravy. Everyone being "tune steps led up to tho door of the aun "Ye 11'1' that \'acant lot," said Casey, M'rved, there was no helitation in obey­ room which projected out from the back pointing up the hill IICroSS the lane! ing his command to "rall to." Soon the of the house. Well, a house wrecker tore down an old plates were clenred, and Casey's urgent Centrally located, and facing out on II building there, an' there was more rock plea that they hll\'e another helping met lane, Oanked on the two outer ends by a in it than in some Irish cU1Itles. It'l alt with a prompt, decided reJullnl. Eileen hijrh bourd fence, Wal the garage, and down hill an' I just opened a panel in cleared awa)' the joint lind the empty on either side of its inner end, which eon­ the fence, an' the rock that was too big pl.tes while Ellen quartered a InrgE! tained an entrance door, was a lattice to load in me barrow I just rolled down lemon pic. topped with thick, creamy meringue, fence with a doorway. The upper lide -an' there ye are!" between the two fences was used as a H omer ic: Me.1 Conl umed berry patch, while the lower side was a Even a Piece of Creen C heele "None for me," said "Slim," with Ii wood yard, A long, wooden gate on this trngic air, "Slim,' me boy," was Casey's side opened out on the lane. This gllte "Some people get all the breaks," eaid "Slim," 1111 he looked around at the reilly, "Ye'll make no mistnkell if yc was hinged on to ft 30·(00t I)O I@. A seven. Oowers which broke out in a riot of (allow this old maxim: 'Niver refuse Itrand guy wire, with n turnbut'kle in it, gorgeous colon on all aides. "If t here'a anything, for fenr ;ve get in the habit rail from the top center of the gate to an IInything lackin' in your cup of joy, why of it,' " iron ring a few feet up the pole to keep just let us know, and we1l try to get it Eileen returned and they managed to the gate from IIIlgging, An aerial ran for you, even if fl'S a piece of green finish the last coune and Ellen ICrved from the top of the pole, and just below cheese out of the moon." 11·" .. II .. III!' I UII:~ ~14\ 300 The Journal of Elcctricfll Workers and Operators July. 198 ~

e\:pr~ion for human aspirations and des;r"; if working m('n JOU R NAL OF are he:mme:d in by unwise restraint, intcrfere:nce and coercion; if working mcn are: misused-the: inevitable reaction -.ets in. ELECTRICAL WORKERS I n thi~ ~nse:. all violence in labor disputes is the inevitable CXoo.J Pu~ic.llion Inlemolmal BroIho Imd cI£I.dric.,l Work'" reaction to unwise managemelH. This being 'iO, it is rather an impertinence upon the part of emplolers to charge-as the:y frequently do--that violence Dt,."oled ., is the result of agitators, or hoodlumism, or revolutionari(S. Throy should place the: blame where the: blame lies, upon bad to the Otraniaed management. \Vhron violence OCCIlNl, manageme:nt should Ca ..... Labot clean house; change tactics. H uman being,; respond to fair treatme:nt; reactionary management is the essence 01 "iole:nce.

Volume XXX1L1 W.~hLnglon, O. (' , Jul)' , 11(11 '0 7 Hitler lIitlu came into power on a settled polie)' of Wobbles falsehood. He makes no bones about il. You Compan)' union ... arc makco;hifts. f:m Wby Compa ny cont rol the masses, he :lSSCns, by telling thunder­ Union s Fail Illo),er<: know th('m as mak~hifts. Thc) ing big lies. His propaganda de\lartment is the mo~t ;mute do not undertake to defend them upon in the world. I t ~rinds out myth after myth-the while the any rational basis. The "literature" growing up round com­ real economic forces grind away agai nst these masses. reducing pany unions is poor f'tuff,. devoid of logic. drin, color and their stake in society, and lowering their S1:mdanl of living. vision, ~ rhc representatives of (;omp:my unions mu\'e "under It wa~ inl'vilHhlr Ihat I-l ille:( would sue:cttd for a lime. Lies raps." The)' lack thr te:mpo of free IIltn. The:)' afC likc tTavel faster than truth. H ungry men grasp at painte:d Straws. fighters in a priu rin~. told to go in and lie down. And the} But men can't live on straws, nor can the)' get lIpiritual lic down; tht'}' know the:y are lying down. and s«rctl~' the) sustenance OUI of untruth. They come to understand. The}' are ashamt'd of them~h·es. I(R con/ide:nce-and the old spirit of relK-llion reasserts ibdf. Be:hind th(S( rCllrt'scntative5 of company unions are highly This is what appears to be taking place in Germany. lIitler paid la\\lus. coillmanding the tKhni_1 Mlphistrif'!i of thc wobbles. He: hasn't delivered. He can't ddi\·er. \Vhen the law, and th~ lawyers pull the: wires, while the poor puppets rebellion really breaks, it will rush on with awful force. dance-mechanically upon the legal strings. Nee:dless to say, no other e\'ent could bring so much rC:l1 The drive of corporation head~ right now especinll}' in gain to the world, as Hitler's fall. the radio broadcast ficld-is to get these controlled union~ rrocogni7ed. The:y believe every man-and ever)' group of IIll:n- iL,I"e tlleir price. They r;lisc the sab.ries of the men, International The P resident of the Unitcd States has and then rest their case there, on the grollnd that thesc men Labor before him a proposal that will make: the: are "ours"; that their mintls are "our~." At the same time, Co-operation United States a working part of the Inter­ the:y spread whol~ale propaganda against fre:e: unions, as dan­ national Labor Office at Geneva. I f he guous, irresllOnsible and rebdlious. Thus ther miss thro real signs the measure, it should make way for closer co-operation meaning of free uniom. and of free men. between labor groups of the western world. ln a~much as The fact i~ compan}' unions fail not because they arro mal,e­ most national IlToblems have their international aspeCl1, the shift unions, but becau~ they l1Io,·e under raps. They fail need for close international co-operation is apparent. becauS(' men havc ~1f-rC$pect, like to speaK out, like to act The United Stat(S has a stake in I. L. 0., it should be like men and not like sheep. The free union giVe<; men a remembere:d, for jt~ basic conception originllte:d with Samuel chance to respect manllOod in them<,elvcs, and company unions Gompers. do not. \ Vhe:n the League of Nations was formed after the war, Bosses think that unions are mere economic organization~, a special part of it was devole:d to boor questions: that is when they are much more. They are brotherhoods. and to say. special arrangements were made for the nations to mttt e:BUses, and instrumcntalities of free Ilersonalitin. to discuss labor proble:ms which alTccleJ thelll all. III tile League's labor organization a great novelty was thi~: each V iolence­ l\ten who know an} thing about driving auto­ state was not merdy to be represented by its 11"Iinister of Why? mobiles know in a ge:nerai way about physical Labor or other official-it was also to sefid a repreSt:ntallvc la\\'~. The)' kno\\ if lOU throw open the c~r's employer and n:pr(S(ntative worker. In the annual Inter­ throttle, and tht'n jam on the brahs, that two forces are: in national Labor Confuence ('nch country has four votes­ collision. and ~hock :lIId strain result. They come to know the e:mpioyer and the work(f one roach, ;lIld the go\'ernmeflt tlte workings of a common law: to e:\'Cry action the:re is a two; thus the two parties in industry are directly rcpr~ntrod comJ1en~atot) rroaction. in th(S( di~cu~sions of labor problems by 58 states-mnnbers. Yet th~ same men-if the} happen to be emplo~rors of The annual confuence is in a sense an international in­ labor-fail to understand that COlllllCn')3tOQ reaction arrives dustrial parliament: il differs from a parliament in many inevitably amon/! human groups. If emplo}e:r-managemcnt respect!;, ;lIld IlOl leasl in this-it does nO[ make. law~. It dr;Jws is of that old-fashiolled. medieval t} pe which fails to provide: up treaties; and even the treaties bind only the states which July, 1991, The Journal of Electl'ical lVorker s and Operators 301

Ilgree to declare thcmselves bound. Often only a small change On It is 10 be r"J!:Tl· tted that under the stress of is needed in the laws of an industrially advanced cou ntry to Ne utrality ellllllo}"r oPpo!oitioll to labor org:llli'1..alion, the adapt them tel the terms of tht' new labor treat\ or "con­ go\ernment has rl'lflJlstd into a pretense-that \-emion·'. Somt'times, howe\'cr, it is a big stcp for a country is. a pretense that neutrality can exist. \Vhrll ally gnat 10 take-for a newly industrialized country to aboli~h, let fundamental tent't is involved, neutrality is impo<;.ible. You u~ sar, all emplo)ment of children under ].I. years f)f ap;e, or can't he neutral about sla\·ery. food, lo \-e, war, mother, home, to reduce the weekly hours of work. Or it ma), be a (Iuestion or cou ntr}'. You ;tre either for or ag;ti nst. of lhc abolition of forced labor in the great colonial empires. ~ow the ~lrug~ l e for Ifloor orga nization is fund flmc llui. It The delegatt'!i :'It the conference are mt'n and women i~ the essential is)ue of the time. It aU raets viol('rH 011 ill ions, uniquely competrnt for the jub in hand minister:; of labor, and prderelll't'~ -find these opinions and prderences are de· under-secretarie~, go\'ernmrnt official~. whose dailr busin~ termined h}' a man's had:~round, enligillenmrllt, rweriencc, is the framing and the admini~tration of labor laws, and with friend~hips. ;tmbitions, temperament and income. r-,'o man them emplo)ers alld trade union h:aders (representing the however remote from the labor strugJ!le, or howe\"er disin­ i ndu ~lria l and not the political machine), whose whole lives tcrcsted in his thougln proce~s('<;, can be ~aid to be nt'utrfll rlTt' SI)en\ in "tudy of the cond ition~ of labor in thrir countries. Ill! the suhject of labor. T he wise ;tnd essential way to adjust labor disllutes is by Tomorrow The lure of a bri~hter tomorrow Irre~istibl}' ne~otiation u betwee:n union representatives and emplo},er S till Is pull .. men. FiH hundred scientists meet at representati\('!I. Hut "hen emplO\er~ refu..c to reco~nize a the Chicago \\'orld's Fair. and allempt to union, then the elllplo},er i~ not only \'iolating kno\\ n princi­ \ i~ualize developments of the nexl 25 years. ples of human :lIld indu~trial rela tio ns, bu t incidentall y is Airplane~ I)()\\ered from statio n ~ on thr ground. violating federal law. To set up a neutral board to study Eleuric mOlors run b) sunlight. this \"iolalion appears to be retreating. There can he no Elimination of infectioos di'>Ca.o;c. neutrality in such a malter. Rrgulrlr tran'o()C(':lIIic air traffic. Aboli~hmcnt of slums. Self·Govemment Over and 0\ er we have bewailed the Lns IItJi~) cities. In Industry lack of fundamt'ntal thinking on the Air-conditioned hou£cs uniHrsalll adopted. parI of eml)lo)'ers. They don't go in Fac;imile radio and televi~ion. fllr philo"ollhic consiqency. If ther did. labor mi~ht be Yl"t we \\onder if the greal maH uf Americans are respond­ IJrt:er off. ing with thr old firr to thoe alluring pictures. j ust no\\ the~ are criticiz.ing government interference with America's tt'dlOical geniuf> is ~rr:lI, very great, but It ha~n't busine~. The," wall[ self·government in inau,try. T hey bren J/:reat cnou~h to gi\-e a uni'"e~alll high standard of li\"· want self--J;:o\"eflunent? i'Ot e'(actl}'. The}, want mo~t of 109-to ab(lli~h po\'('rty-for all. Un til America's ge nius ca n them-autocrac~" in industry. They don't want the gove rn­ do this. American m31i5eS will remain cold to technical ment to interfere, but thry wan t to in terfere ill the Iivrs of OCia l order em-isioned, it the lack of labor organization. ~ R.A will ha\"e to con tinue is :.cnsiblr to look rou nd, and to take stock. Ho\\ much has just so long as employers oppo'>t union~. If unioni m hecomes been accolllplished? How much remains let to done? be uni\er~al, .\ IL \ can recede, and "'\lildi~1Il can take ih Illacr. The P r~ident ha~ establishrd the principle of (.'(lntrnl. lie has established the principle of public interest in industry. In this se nse, :dl indu,tries are Jlu blic utilities. The Pr e~i d e ll t T he Illcch:llilcal indu~tr}" of Ihe new order is inordinately has reestablisiu-d the principle" uf democracy as ap;llied to producti\"c. So the rate and \"Oll1l11e of output ha\·e to be economics, .:iven the great m:L~-Cs a new stake ill America, regulated with a \'iew to what the traffic will bear· that i:; to and put ecunomit' consideration, abO\e politic";" And tl1e<;( ,ay, what will) ield the larJ!:~t nel re turn in lerlll~ of price are p;'llns. to the busincss men who mana;!e Ihe countr~ 's industrial But guildi~m- "~elf-go\'ernlllent in induslf)" -is far from ~}stem. Othcr\\'is~ Iht're \\'ill be "u\erpruduction," hu~ine;s being acc01l1plished. Social in,uranee, nOt relief. is ret to he de pression, alld consequent hard lime~ all arnu nd . Over­ realized" T ech nological unemplo) ment must be faced. Ilroduction means l)Toduction ill n:ce'S of what tht' 1I1arht Profits mll~t he curtailed in thc interest of redi~trihtltioJ\ of \\"ill carry off al a su ffi cientl}' Ilrufit;lh!e price. So it all pear~ \n::alth. The_e arc ncw go;tls. that the continued Jlro~perit} of thr country from da) 10 da) \ \'e believe before the I)resident returns to \Vaslllllgton, he hanb'S on a "co n ~citnt i ous withdrawal of efficieTlc}" by the will htwe m:II.1e new cOnlact with the great mflsse~. II r will husincss men \\'ho control it :111 for their o\\"n u,e, of course, fi nd them more urJl,e nt for fundMnental rdorm than ever. and their own uS(" means ah', IY a proStablr price.· \'I.BI.E:o.:. Tit" Jourllal 01 F:lertricnl irQl'kPrg 61ld Operators WOMAN'S WORK

MRS. ROOSEVELT SPEAKS TO WIVES OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS

An Interview by Pennell Crosb}'

RS. ROOSEVELT walJ in her riding mueL learn them (rom us and our hus­ Auxiliaries, like unions, she feeh a~ elothclI. POMibly shc hod just bandll must be encoumgeu by our loyal effective beeause the)' enlist the "ncrg-) M come in from an early mornilll;' undentanding. and ability of lIlany individuals into the canter. when she invited me into her In our interview she emphasized Ihe IItrength o{ a group. office on the second noor of the White need, today, of something that hall al­ Mrs. Roesel'elt i. probably the busie.!lt House. I had come, with her gracious ways been a strong policy In the Inter­ woman who hall ever been mistrelll o( the pe.-miuion, to talk with her about wo­ national Brotherhood of Electrical White lIoule. Washington people con_ men's auxilisrieJI and their im]lortance WorkeNi. and that is union co-operation tinuo to be amazed at the multitude and ill the union I!lbor movement. with management. Labor, she says, variet)' of activities she fits into 111'1' As we know, ?II ",. Roosevelt time. A columnist who claims to hall been a union Iympllthi'ter for have "the inside dope" putll Anna man)' years and haa not hesitated Jo;leanor Roosevelt at the top of to take IRbor'1I 1)art in mflny wayR, hil list of advisors to Franklin D. one of these being her active work Roosevelt. She travele frcquentl r for the National Women's Trade as the President's unofficial ob· l"nion League. She haa been 11 len'er and finds out at first hand m~mber of the le'"~"I("" New Yurk what conditions are In \'arIOU~ local since HI21 and she is high!)' commulllues. Recently IIhe made \'slued there lor her nble service a tour of Puerto Rico for this lIur· and her generollS personality, )'IOlIe. When /!he finds people who - Auxiliary members and those are desperately in need of help, a who are thinking of organizing IIhe did in a surprise villit to min. auxiliaries will be happy to know ing communities in West Vil'­ Ihat the Jo'int Lady thinks our ginia, she triel to arrsnge 80me groups are II worthy part or organ­ way in which they may be given ized labor even though they are a means of sU lllwrting themselv!:!lI made up of women who, most of in comfort. the time, have to stay at home 11 ,,1' inlere~t in women's organ­ and take care of thc houae and the iZlltions anu in constl'uctive 1I0ciai bllbies, and budgct the (amily in­ wOI'k continues as strong as ever. come as best they can, (or she She attends many meetingll and feels that home Influences should givell generously of both time and reach far into the world. She money, to work which she con· thinks it is particularly important siders worth while. SOille of this (01' union men's wivea to under­ money ehe earns herselr-Cor .. ". lItand the ideals and methods of aml)le, the reI's she earned Cor Iheir hUlibands' organlution and radio broadca.'~U WE're all given to to support the union in all their varioul welfare organizations. The rnnlactA. National Women's Trade Union "The wiCc's wholc future and League has been the recipient of the future of her children depends !lome o( her radio lees. ulwn the sl!'Curity of the man's In spite of days so crowded that job," she said. "A wife should t'very minute Is precloull. ~he i~ always try to understand a man's alway! serene, friendl)' to even'- work and enter into hia life with one ilhe meets. magnetic - a int"lligenee and sympathy." must take the resjlomibility fOI' giving woman whom it would be an in~pira. Energetic, enthuslalltlc women can be a fall' value (or a fall' wage, and an tion to know no matter what her poeition a vital force in the labor movement, she active part in helping nUlllagement to in li{e. And she has a gift for enjoying believes, and a strong network of auxil­ kcep up prouuction. She (o.>e1 s that this C\'ery contact. (or remembering people, Iaries can have a great influence on pub­ Is an important function of the union. (or Ilenonal kinrtnf'~S to her II!Isociatea, lic opinion. I told her about our wo­ It. ia vital now, she indicated, when that i, \'er)' winning. men's groups in the electrical workers' labor is having a better chance, to real­ One of her acUvlties for the Women's union and how much we hoped to grow Izc the unions' opportunity to make Tradc Union League in New York was anti be of reAl ecnice to our loral!!, and good, by a deeper undeMltandin¥, nnt the raising of funds for hostess hvu""" ill how our women refullt'd to be discour­ only of their own Ilroblems, but of the that city, where tired. discouraged girls IIl(ed even though at timcs it was very economic problems of the nalion. For can re~t and be given lunch by the organ­ uifficult to keep on. industries, she reminded me, cannot pay ization: and (or many years she has lin. Roosevell feel. that our women'lI good wages unleu the workmen make given Christmas parties at the club organizations in connection with organ­ it j>OlIIible (or thc bUllinelll to prosper. house 10 children of poor and unem_ ized labor can help enormousl)', "be­ Through their skill they can improve ployed paren19. cause ideas and ideals come out of the production and make the product Mies ROle Schneiderman. president home." Honellty, courage, fairne!!. mugt cheaper to the COnSUIlH'r, and thus ftC­ C

dinate to the locals of the r. B. E. W, shall be eligible to membership in this of Jacksonville, Fla., and vici nity. auxiliary, provided that the daughter or Women's Auxiliary Sec. 3. The objects of this organi~a. sister is unmarried or widowed. tion shall be to work in conjunction Sec. 2. The membership fee shall be with the locals of the I. B. E. W.. to $I. WOMEN'S A UX ILIARY L. U. NOS. 84, encourage the demand ror the union 6 13 AND 632, ATLANTA, C A. label of every nature, to encourage the Sec. 3. Dues for members shall be "The Obj~ti\'e~ of lin Auxiliary," was 25 cents per month, payable in advance. purchaae ot u nion made goods and to Effective August I, 1930. th~ !ubject Mr. J. A. Ibrper. viee pruident help to organil:e workers, men and of the Atlanta Fe(ferlltion or Trades, di.· women of every trade or calling, and Sec, 4, Officers-The officers shall cussed at our Ian meeting. When a man en~ourag-e organil:ed labor genenall~'. conllist of a president, vice president. who has h"d 30 "pala of uperience in the secretary, treasurer and executive board. labor movement will come and olltllnll! the ARTICLE II numr di"erent ways an allxiliary could ba Sec. D. Nomination for officer.! shall of .-aluablp a .. illanee to the union. we fail Se~. 1. Membershill- The wife. be b)' written ballot. The two receiving to undeniand .... hr any mlln would object to hll daughter, mother or aister of a member the highest number of votes shall be "'ife joining an auxiliary. or why he would in good financial standing, of a local declared the nominees. beginninJ.:" with rot Ippredate the help that II pouible rOt of the I. B. E. W., over I G years of age the auxiliary 10 rendn. We are analolli. read}' .. nd willing 10 hive the buainns man­ "geT! caU on u! any lime. :\Ir. R. J. Johnson. bUllneu manager of local No. 613. Wa~ present and made a LET'S MAKE CHERRY TARTS shan talk . We ho~ Mr. Eldet'. business lllll.nllger of L. C ='0. R4, wiIJ pay us a viait , 000, We lIre Ulleciallr proud of our new memo bpu. The)' lOre taking such an interuting 118rt in the work. :\lIu VaUllhn and Mn. Pe.ry. two lovely YOllng ladies. joined u. and we know thp)· will prove valuable mem o bers. 1111 thel. hthen have long known and appreciated o ..:-ani~ed labor. With i\lfII. Armstepd and Mr~. Strou(1 !\erving III CliP' tamS of thf m~mbcrshjp driv~, we know our auxilinry will b~ a huge one. We IIr~ hiwing much fun. aho. :"If.!. C. N. Boone. presirry Tftrl~ ,\ tI' ~UI""h'l J,, ~.", Laws Fresh fruit pies and tarts are I Cli P IUll'ar From se\'eral of our women's auxil­ certainly among the grandest joys 2 tablespoon, bll!te. iaries we have received copies of their of summer, but. not every woman 'io It!alpoon salt constitutions and by· laws. Since there knows how to make them "just Vanr), i,. no central women's organization in right." The recipe we are giving the I. B. E. W .. each auxiliary has the you this month is for cherry pie or Simmer the cherries for Ilve min· pri\'ileli!"e of dnawin~ up its own laws. tarts, but it will Itive you the right utes, and drain, When the juice hila but because it il! sometimes difficult method for making pie or tarts rrom cooled mi:<: the cornstarch with it. for ::I. new group to know ho ..... to go any juicy fresh fruit. One or the cook until thickened. ndd the cher­ about this, lOo'e are publishin/o!" {or ~'our most difficult problems, that of keep­ rie~. sugar. butter. and salt, and mix )nIidance a typieal constitution and ing the undercrust rrom being thoroughly. Pour the hOl fruit mix_ by·laws. soaked with juice, is solved by pre­ ture into a baked pastry shell. add CONSTITUTIO~ AND BY-LAWS baking this <:rust until delicately the lop sheet of dough and bake in a WOMEN'S AUX ILIARY OY browned before Ilutting the tilling moderately hot oven 1375 to 400 ELECTRICAL WORKERS. in, Then the rim is moistened when degrees F,) for 25 to 30 minutes. or L. U.'S NOS. 177 AND 862. OF putting on the top crust, and the until golden brown. Cherr~' I)ie J ACKSONVI LLE, FLA. edge tucked in carefully so the juice made in this way should have II cri~p will not leak out, and the tOil crust CONSTITUTION undererust. In the place of the pricked to let the steam out. Or you upper crust. twisted 9trips of dough •.",RT ICLE I )Utly use the lattice strill effect as in Illny be Inid in laUice fashion across the tnrh illustrated. Here i8 the the fruit and preMed Ol1to the lowel' Sec. I. This organization shall be recipe; known as the Women's Auxiliarv to the crust at the rim. Or you can mnke Intel'national Brotherhood of Electrical 01 CUllS tRrt juicy pitted eherri I individual Ilies in tan shells. ei ther Workers of Jacksonville and vicinity. 2 tnblt! lpoon ft corllft"tI'h with two crush or Inllice tops. Sec. 2. This orgnnization shall be undel" the jurisdiction of and 9ubor- 304 The Journal oj Electrical Workc1's and Operators July, 1994

Bulletin of the I. B. E. W. Radio Divis·ion

• • Prf'pllred a n d Circu lnt..ed by f\'rnv York City I((f(lio U'liollsjor the Erttire l,uluSl.ry • •

ilE long overduo nnd much, po8t· any particular station and Baldwin ob­ pul more men to work by cutting hours. poned radio broadcasting code hear­ jected to any unsworn testimoay alleg­ 1I1so increase of 10 per cent in wages. Ting took placo on June 20·21 at ing violations. This proposed change would only Ilut Raleigh Hotel, Washington, D. C .. and Union was told by Farnsworth to lake 4GO new men to work. yet we have the again the lack of unity amongst fndio its complaints immediate l ~' to the Na_ Ilninful tact before us thAt there arc Lrull\lcu~t lllchnicinm:l ~tuud in UI\, JiKht tiufl lt! Llilour Bual'll fur' inVl'~tiKHlion lind lodwccn 4,000 HIIII 8.000 lechnicians out or their progress. 1 am referring to tho "heartily r ecommenrle(I" this action, of work. Whilst many of these arc statements of cOlllpany union spokclmen In{Ju iring "Does Section 7 A mean school grnduates lind without experience in their efforts to tight the battles of anything?" McLean chllrged that flnunt. a ~ utlil'umt number to more than fill all their clnpioycr.!l against I. B. E. W. or­ ing of l)rovision gU[lranteeing right. to new "acancies occasioned by the 35-hour ganb:ntion as II means or bettering our unionir.c is general in the industry and week could readil y be obtllined. profession. Such ridiculous assertions that "considerable trickery" hilS been It wo uld be interesting to have a r ec­ liS "thero are no qunlHlcd radio opera· used to circumvent requirement that em­ ol'([ of all out-of-work experienced tech­ tors or technicinns out of work" lind ployen keep hands off organization nicians in each radio center throughout "All broadcasting licensed technicians efforts of thcir emjlloyees. AlI5crte,1 the country. unemployed 8re either amateur stalion that in New York, Chicago, and Cleve_ J, V, Fitl!:hugh, of San Antonio, spoke owners, or have turned to other profes­ land comllQny unionil have been l et up for the teehnicians in his territory ask­ siona or 8rc unfitted for this work "'nd and notices given technicinns not to join ing thnt payments of merchnndise, the­ would prove to be 1111 economic liability the Brotherhood, liter tickets and coul, etc" in lieu of to the employer" w('l'e made by N. B. C. Repeated demande by Baldwin that salnry be declared taboo in code. HI'< company union apokesman in hia effort McLean's testimony be stricken trom nl80 presented other requirements in to retaIn the 48-hour week. The N, B. the record were overruled by Farns_ nature of transportation expenses of C. considers a man qualified if he hilS a worth. who said he did not consider that technicians employed on remote jobs. IiCell5e and two yean' expcl'icllcoi! at any "indictment" hAd been madtl by also limitation of time within which radio technical work. A very selfish at­ the union official. hours might be worked, titude was displayed In further 9tate­ EdWArd N. Nockel", code administra­ T, R. McL. mentl! that a 40·hour week was imp08si. tion labor advisor, chAll enged the stnte­ Nole. on t he Hear in, ble {or technician. and when asked ir ments of company union representatiVes that the N. B. C. wage scale was hight'r The long-delayed rehearing on lhe "it i8 entirely human to feel 'I hAve R radio code finally got under way on June job and if they can plly mOTe money let than any other organir.ation had ob­ 20 and consumed t he belter part of two tained for their members. Nockels WitS them pay it to me' ". he answered "V c.". (hys to complete, This in a discussion liS to why he op· iluite heAted up over this statement and \. n, ~;, W, representatives from posed the 35.hour week. rnUler tesli1y. ~ aid that WCFL had pAid $GO for 48 hOUM! for many years to his Washington, Chicago, SlIn Antonio, Com lllln y union ropre3ent8tive~. ill Cleveland nnd New York prescnted the answering questionll by deputy adminis­ I. 8. }o;, W. radio technicians. This seemed to sur prise both company union case lor their members. Because of the trator nnd members of the administra­ great amount of testimony. the deputy tion were woefully lacking in expericnce delegates, who obviously had never both. ered to check UI' on anti-union propA­ ndminiGtrutor cxpresscd the belief thnt in matten concerning labor IlTohlems it would be several days before all the and their ability to properly handle ganda Hpread by dishonest employers. The St, Louis scale or wages, $60 tor tcstimony could be studied and Iloel· such representation was repentedly hearing conferences could be called. challenged. 48-hour week, seemcd to aggravate Mr. Their stand oPPolling rcduction of BAldwin, executive officer of code 3uth­ Company Union. on Trial lind Found working hOUTS, it Willi pointed out. did ority, He objected to this BS a criterion Wantin, not coincide with the wishes of the Prell­ saying that St. Louis was the birthplllc(' Those in IIttendance saw handed down ident of the United States. They snid of I. R, K W., therefore nil scales were un irrefutable indictment of compnny they agreed with Mr. Roosevell'B ]lolicy lligher therc. Npvertheless St. Loui9 unions. The con trust of a rca! union - but "there arc no operators out of operator!! have been enjoying these anti a counterfeit was thrown out in work!" wages for n pm'iod of nearly nine yenrs. bold relief. There was a demonstration Engineer Surplus The InternationAl Brotherhood of of two company unions actually going Electrical Workers demanded a 3&-hour to the front to fight the employer's bat­ Slamming radio "ellOol. which hnvQ week with 10 per ct'nt increa:le in exitt. tle again.t an army or unClnployed created a surplus or Ilngineers, I, Il. ing code minimums. This wage change techniciAns. E. W. 8pokesman 8ald '1,000 mcn al'e would require 42 stations to pay thel!' At n time when the trend is definitely liccnscd for 2,000 jobs nnd that his 43!! technicians a $4 wt'ekly raise. One towards shorter workdays, at a time amendments would crcate only 460 new hundred and eighty-two stations, em­ when the Pr esident has practicall y com­ postl!. Also said industry casily can ploying 813 technlcian ~ , would receive manded Industry to employ more wage stand 10 per cent raise on basia of in­ !.I $3 weekly raise and 252 stations, em­ earners And pArticularly nt a time when creased incomes and pointed out that ploying /Hi4 men, would have to rRise the cumings of t he major networks show rndio re{Juires rigid government regula­ weekly wIIge $2. a phenomenal increase, the representa­ tion to prevent monopolies. Edward D, Bieretz read the bri!" o( tives at the N. B. C, 111111 r.. B. !oj. rom­ Starling in to relate specific instancell the I. B. E. W. which was n lengthy pany unions insisted on the continuance where broadcastl'NI huve violated I',\lor document compiled by the research de­ of the 48-hour week, because. they guarantees in NIRA. Thomas R, Mc­ partment of our Brotherhood. Mr. M. claimed, there was an insufficient num­ Lean, or radio division of Brotherhood, H. !ledges, who is chief of this depnrt· ber of COmJletent technicians availabl,· I'r\lCillilulcJ furiuul tld.ml\l which \Jndcli "'\Jnt, I, .. " prl.'lIcntcd dula tu show thllt ulld ir 1\ shorter workweek was inst!· when I ~n rn sworth I'ulod out mention or the !.lrondcnating industry can and IIhould l"ulI!ln"~d Ill' I'RJ:e :u~) J uly, 1994 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 305 CORRES PONDENCE

L. U. NO. 22, OMAHA, NEBR., Oubtanding In the short biatory o( thi! local I. the rf'1lpect it hu been IIceo rded from RADIO DIVISION READ .11 who have dealinl's with it. Public olll· Third Clalll Italilo Telephone Llcennl About third "Ia .. radio licen. e., dsls h.,·e ~ommented on the atraight,for' by L. U, No. 22. wl\fd .nd busineulike methoda the electri· Editor: Th., marine electridan, by L . U . clan'. union uael. Other trade ullions necently en,ln('('u from Omlha Ind ('oun· No. 773. marYel at our discipline lind the tael that ell Bluffa nullo atatlona orll'llIll!ed and affill. A challt,",e to champion climben, the el....::tricilns have been able to up.hold ated with the I. II. E. W .. Locnl No. 22. Since by L. U. No. 77. the wage scllie called for by ngret.'ment. doing ~o many discuulona of interett to Flint ..... in •• into our pew. column, l:Iuilders .dmit thltt of all the trndes the by L . U, No. radio enKlneerl hl\Ve laken 1)lace, .ad on~ 948. eledrlcal ia almolt the only 0 .... in whi~h • ubject In partll"ular thaI haa b~n mueh Newa from Toledo, by L. U. No. the eatabliahf'd .e.le is being paid . l"USll('d and dlacuIBf'd i. that of third clan 245. Thl. il a record In which e\'C' ry member radio telephone o~r.tou· lIceueJl. Believ. Proa:r.... of • new loca l, by L . U. un feel a jUltifled pride. Each mlln by hi~ ing thi. to I,e • tnaun w.tl'llntinlt conlider. No. 25. eonducl on the jobs snd by hla r Hpf'C t l or IIble thought ,,'e lire taklnll' thb me.na of Air conditioning pro ... ide. work, thl' loeal by_lawl and working rule. bas bringin, It to thl' IInention of other locilla. by L. U. No. 528. hetped build Ihe n!:putation the elec:tridnn It hn bf'con our undentandlng that the Mid.ummer helll ha. not inter· enjoys. lhird cI .... r.dlo telephone licen.e was pd· fe r ed with the quantity or Th" gtellter crwit rightly belongs to OUr marily intended for airplilne pllou. Thia in· quality of these loeal able busin... manager. who by his tactful tention wa. ICood but now the holdf'r. of lelten. handling of dimcult situationa has com· th~ Ilren_ ue makin, Inroads Into other rn&nded the ""'ptc:l of en.ryone with whom field" of radio oJ'H!ratlnfl'; namely, ".round he hu had de.lln".•. a.,ialion U.atiOnl. police rlldio ~tations and ('hannels, agalut the iHusn(f' of the third The KOOdwm of the emplo)·en. pub"" om· ~hould hroad.. a.t ,tat Ion control room". In our loul dillS radio t"'ephone operator'a IIcen ..., as \I dais .nd the eon.umer """ the lint Iituation it hn tome to our aUention that bl'inte done under the ptf!ftnt set·up. 110&1 of every union and ",ith this hllek. men with prattitilly no leo-hnleal kno_led,e Let U! !It'e .n up,.."sion hfl1l from other cround of eonfldenc@ .ny hone-t objective of radio ""hat_ver, bUI who POPf'A one of !oc:.b on thi•• ubJe .. t. MUlrht I hould be .ttended with succe... thtft lIrenle~. are taking the places of cap· G. A ANDE:U;O~. It was with gRat pleuu", thllt I Il"Ilrn.-d able mf'n. of the formation of Loo:al No. s.tI9. I D. E. Neo,>dl ..... to uy, the r.pid .d\·aneement of W.. In JlIllIIlica, I.onll" hland •• local eom' L. U. NO. 25, NASSAU AND SUFFOLK the art of rlt/lio traumluion. and the pre.· po~f'd of electricilln .. fmployed by the Long ent hillh Ilrt bet'n un,'m· labor may find fault with !lOme of the detnil~ no good I)Urpo..... With.n alr~lIdy exi"ting rloyed for long period •. and method, pur~ued hy the New ileili. hut .urplua of npp rodmllt('iy Il.OOO eompe\('nt Despite thue adverse factor ~ lind I\'eneral If one disn'lfardl the minor raulu of admin_ lleense! rightful st.tUl po"ition~ held by the... operators .hould be unanimou.ly. in Ihe industrial ecenomy ot our nation. filled with more eap.ble men. It is not {sIr Th" offiren. who were el .... t~d to ... r.,e Th ...... righu .~ being eatabli.hed and can· to thl' emhryo I>llt' rator whCl. .nned with hi, until June, 19~1l, lire as follo.u: I'ruldent, not be retracUd e1CCept .... ith dire con~· new licen ... , a.plrrs til go forth and l"onQuer J. Artl,ur :'Ilu\llg.n; vice pre~ldent. Bert Quen~"; therefore, the onl)' altl'rn.tive il to In the flflda of radio enginet'ring. Neither ("ole: fin.ndal 'f'('retHv. Wlllinm N n .l· rel.ln. darify and li trenglh~n thne prot.... · is it fnir to the men with yran of f'ltperience lerlln; treasurer. John v. iloulthert)·, bu.i. th'e meaaures ~o thllt the ""orkinlttnen will who a rf now Itruggling IIlong on II b.re lieu man.ger. Jo.eph Loren!; executive be forever freed of selfish u-ploitatlOIl at the lub"is ten~e to haY(' to meet with thil addl· hoard. James l1artlgan. lIerbtort I.'l10mme. whim ot unacrupuioul employeu . tional oppolitlon, The Federal Radio ('om­ .-lieu. Peter Huber and :'otuk ('o~tell"'; u!nlc. in tereat of nil the m"mbeu ot Ih~ orgnniu· lIew IICribe of thlft lo~al, hnvlnlf betn np· The mcmbf'n of the Itndlo I)lvl .ion ot tion. Per80nlilly. 1 w[.h to th)Lllk {,YH)'nne !,ointed Itt our la ~ t meeting by our I;ood 1..0<:01 No. :!!! f("'1 th pi n morlltorium nn the (or the conlldence they h~v('- . hown In me Pre.ldent Sullentll'T. I 1t1'I,recinte hlft rnith Issuing of all operntou' Il~enael wQuld be a lind who hAvl! accor('~d me thl' (lp ,lortunlty In "I(-ma~' the godl of lil~rltture !live me wise mov~, blltthllt somethlnj( .hould be done to be of service to the orll"lInltlltlon for lin, wisdom. imnledia t ~ty to retn rd the In"u. uf th~se other twu )·eaT8. 1 ,hnll be j(rnt.. tul. too. for A gOQ(lIy cr~wd "tteuded Our lut ",e~tin/l:; lower eI"n tickl'tIl. We l Ull'IIeU that Meh eon$tructive erillet.m 101 to my . ho rt ~oming, In tact. I didn't 'l!e • vllcant chair. and from loeal 111 ...1,1111 the mlluer and protest to the to that in corrertlng thfm 1 mny I'Ht.,rnl th .. nil Indlclltlon. )'OU Br oth~rs had b ·tter come ,"'ed"ral 11111110 ("om minion. t hrough I'roper iluliel of my uffi .. f' properly. .. arly In the future It you wnnt II scat . 306 The JOU111al of Electn'cb.1 Workers and Operators July, 1934

It leem. III lhough the Ipllit of organl ..• overhud street circuits w.. $49,767.72 In Se... eral tounter propoaltlonl were offered ill lion I, nuhing on down at the rard and 1925 when there were 10.761 o ... erhead la.np, subnllUlion tor a wage IncrelM. An addl· ebewhtre. Perhapi the I•• t four ye.~ of and $31,265.09 In 1933 witb 12,869 I.mpl. tionll !!~ houl'S Will ..ked for twice Ind stormy wellthH whieh aeem. to have edited Thi, thowl a saving of $18,502.63 Ind the r ~ granted both times lifter the wage com mil' throughout the land b ,low]y but lurely were 2,105 more tam llJ in serviee In t933 t ... a.ked Ih. rank and fU~. hrlng!"r to mind the old phrue, whore there thlln In 1925, or I I.vlng In operuting cOlh Some ol'l'ollltlon, o{ coul'le. wa, shown, but is union there ;8 strength Ind conditions. of 47 per .,.nt by u ~in ll' the low ... oltage finaUy, on June 1, Mr. ~'rank Coates WII We welcome our newly .cquin'll llrotheu, circuit. or a uving of $2. 19 per lamp. year. !!tnt here from the New York oflke ot the and may the privilege. of unionism be thelu. The COlt of the eut'Oyer WIIB $8.50 per I.mp. Henry L. Doherty COROplny and , n ag~· The boy. Ire somewhat confused II to Tb~ drcuit will pay tor ltae!! ev~ry three mtnt wu rellehPd 1I\'ertin, the strike hHe whal eon!lltule~ oUr 40-hou. workweek. Now )·un. Also, what the lIntmen are mo ~t In. gi ... ing labor fI victory over OU r Iworn thi. may lound "bBurd, but folLow me: The terelttd in, it saves II humlln life elleh year. enemle., the Chllmber o{ COl11l11erce. Our law 111)'1. to my undeutllndlng, that ia. U I We now hnV\l in our midst II new member wllge. were restored bllek II! before two 10 understllnd II. we ah.lI work beginning Mon . or the fllmily in the form of ~III Union per eent cutl were given us, Ind we here In day the flut dll}' of the w~k. live eight-hour No. 997, l'ort Angeles, Wllh. Thl. lex:.1 WII Toledo ran now Ima~t nf I ~Ign .. d IIgrl' .. mpnr daYI, our week ending Friday. Then Satur­ Inlt.Hed on June 8 with a membenhip of 10, Ind a 100 per cellt orKaniled job. Thl ~ day and Sunday are the 1•• t two day. whleh mOltly employed by the dty. PI.n. h .... e takes In the overheld Ind underground dla· "'~ tikI' orr. Holidays are paid at the rate of heen m.de to org.nlle the territory snd It I. tribution, I(lr.ge and . tores departmentl. time and a half, work ~xceedlng the 40 hOUri expe<::ted that there will be • local In Port electric and stearn production, powerhousr, ~150 paid time ~nd a half. Work oth~r than Angeles of ~O memhn within the noxt few 1l1mp, nleter lind trandormer departmentl. emugtnry which ne<::eultatu one to work month •. Thla 101'.1 WII' In.taBed by Brother Thit l uceeu can only be claimed beelluse (on Suurdny ilnd Sunday, these two dnYI to Grllce, president of Locll Union No. 48, the member. backed the WilKe committee Ind be furloughed In advanc~, which keeps your SUltie, at IIII' requut of Internltlonal Rell' orglnlzed thIs job. Pltlenee played a big week trom txeeeding 40 houn, V~ry Ilmple! resentative J. Scott Milne, as It Will Impos­ part . nd co·operlltlon anothtr. We Illaee>i Well. Itt's lee: libl e for BrMher M!1ne to be present due three 11'00<1, honest, untlrlnJ{ members on thl, The boy. down Kavy Yard way feel as to other BrotherhOOd busine... IJrother eommltt~ to Uliat our buslneu Igent lind though SlIturday and Sunday aro day. worth Crlce Wit accompanied by Recording Se<:: rc· got behInd them, but the pr(ICe n Will Ilow getting time lind a hllif for, and we are not tary Chllrlea G. I'llyne. of LoclII Union No. Mllnth, would go b}' nnd we thought thM ouite .ure if th~ I.", mellnl we rell two 77. Sealtle, Wuh. nothlnll' h.d been aeC'OmpU.hed, but all thl, dllY' aftI'I' working five, which menu you FRANK FAlKANn. time things were takin( form. can't work over 40 eon_uti"" houra without One of our most sincere and hardest work· time and one· half pay. 'rhat il to HY, I. It L U. NO. 24 5, T OLEDO, O HIO en for the local durlnk thl, period. our vi'~ quite III rllrht to furlough four daYI, eount· prHldent, George Ma lbeqleT, had the mil· ing Saturda), and SundllY. and work 80 eon· Editor: fortune or getting budl)' burned on Ihe very ~e<::utlve Greetings, electrlc.l workeu: ('ondltlonl hour,l So you .ro with jUlt the fo'" tint dflY that this ntlW w~ge &Calc wcnt lntu "t..,vv·,,,,,,,tl,,,,,-..J high l,ollih there II pl~nty throughout the counlry ure of such nntufe effect. li e Is nt thia time confined in I locRI of room for debate, Ihat discontent scemt to pre ... all .It o ... er. hospltili. but 1 am glad to aay that he 11 I. Brother Quinn got 10 deep in the discu,· But Loul No. 245 reilly goiRg to l urpri.e improvlnl{ fut lind will lOO n be with Ut aion or law that the flnt thing we kne.... he )'OU by writing good neWI for. chan,e. We ag.in. Brother Edward 1I0lland, who wa...... refrrrin\\, to Moau. Well, at any raIl' have .e.::ompllshed lomething here In Toledo similarly burned two months IIg0, will 10011 thllt I, worth bOIlBtlng llbout. nnd wo .hali we exp~t to be ticIII' on tho lubjcet by the be bllek on hi. old job nrpln. At'II'boy, Ed, timo the nUl m~ting night rolb Iround, ~Ing our prniaes to the univeue. Since lut und GfOrgr! May tho)' all be aft intereating &II the lut. Octobe r we have been rccruiting our weak· EIlWAlUl E. D CKl:8llIRE. So, r .. member, boy" the Ilut Thuuday of ened rankl, trying 10 build them up to wllr each month )'our local meeta at Pennlyl ... ania atrength, at the llime time opening neliCotia­ Avenue and Savenlh Street, S. };. tlon, with the eompany. prlp'ring and pre. L. U. NO. 27 5, MUS K EGON, MIC H. One nevrr know. what the future hold. ~enti ng a contrat'l to the officl.ls of th, IIgh> Editor: forth, or ,hould I h,n'e .aid tht kitty. com pliny. whll ""ere tied up in 110 rar III h .... • MU lkl'KOn has been .Ilent for some tlm~. J. C. BE~sON. Ing the power to II'rllnt flny Inueue in but we ar.. atlll \'ery mueh nllve. Tho s~ whu wage~ was concerned. They told u, thnt mil)' be IncUned to doubt ~he Abovo stille· nuthority mu,t come from New York So 'n~"t . h"ultl t. .. I'~nent III ullr Innu,,1 Jllcnl~ L. U. NO. 77, SEATTLE, WASH. the negotiations drlll'lIfed out over II period to be held the flTlt Sliturd... y in Augult. of eight month., but th.nk. to the judgment Editor: Rc",em~r the date, youSII! ~uy_Augull I. on the part of the membera in lelet'tlng Loul lInlon Ko. 77 ('h.llen~s Iny membf'r Conditions are fI Utile better here this of ~h e Brolherhood to hrelk the 1)(Ile dlml.l­ such untiring men a. Brothers Schumaker, summer. but not good enough to CIIUIH.' a ing re~lIrd held b), our presldllnt, Brother BUchlnan, and Lee to work .ion" wllh fellow til have II nervous breakdown {ron, C. L. ("ittd") "lIrdy. Brother Oli ... er Myere In t hrllhing OUt our overwork. At .;verlltt. Wlleh .. on I,abor Ony, 1907, grlevnneu wi th the ('oml)!lny, find following We bcll~ ... e the N Il. A eode tllr the elee~rJcal Brother liard)' mllde a pole climbing record the Idvlce of our internltional Omee IlIld contracting Industry will help pull the bU ll· that to our knowledl{e h.. never been Brother Boyle. of ('hleIlRo, lind by not lu­ nen out of the mire ot cut·throat bidding. equalled. "R.d" Herdy') time wu 18 51'('. ing our he~d., and by Retting back of our Brothor Sweet ehould attend m~lI!tlna onds. Jack Cameron'l time 23 seconds, "Kid" bu.lne.. manager, we ended the war here, more rel(ularly. We need the team of Plun· Hnrdy's time 24 second •. minul bloodshed or even violenee. kett and Sweet to Ii ... en up tha meetinJ(" The rules for the eontelt wtre: Pole. 62 A Itrlke vote WII taken in Aprll_UO for Woman fire often lIecu ~f d of being gouips. fellt above ground; crOll ",m fI ... e feet from and four again.t.-but Will held In sbeYllnce but cerlnlnly tbere are luulps of the mnle top of pole, and foul Hne Ilve teet !rom the until t he U. S. J)e llllrtmellt of I•• bor WIIS ~Pr. On ... Is the fellow who hurrie' to r ~J)ort ground; both feet on ground at Itort Ind at notified Ind Mr. E. H. Dunigan and Mr. Taft the meeting to hil bOil. He I~ the bird ';'Ihu IInlsh: both ff'1l!t on ero.. urn and "hit" the were Knl here as ronelllaton, for .t this keeps the Itreet Informed of whllt is dolne pole below the loul line. Three omeial time­ time three of our ludinr automotive p.rt. in .ny organization to whleh he mlly belon&,. keepers. Future eonltltanll to Ule Brookl pl.nt. were out on Itrlke and riotl were He [I the Ikunk who delllj:hta in getting light weight IIdj~tlble cllmben. common in our streeta. State t roop' were 80methillll' on IIOme rcllowbr.ln" nlthou"h h~ Wo ha ... e received a pair of Brooks climb­ here find a gcncnl committee hlld IIgreed is never nble to produce the proof. 110 II II er!. Brother lInrdy IIIYI they Ire the r ..teat upon general atrlke, ~etting J une] li B the happy wh~n he has the Irllllg in turmoil. 1\ 11. .nd lighten dimbers he hili ever used. "Red" dllte for a generlll walkout. The local news· 10'101 excitement. Let', ml,lule him. ~uff Is going oul to break his own re.::ord, madc pllpen placed the elf(trleal workers In a key led! Sre you next month. 27 years ago. pOllllon all the resulta of our .etion. were Local Union No. 77 .... 111 handle the Brooks a deciding factor In the labor Iituation In ('Jimben. We will give a pair free to the Toledo. The time of the condllaton WIIS Ill'll future contestant we hear of who breaks equally divided between the auto workers L . U. NO. 303, ST . C ATHARINE S, Brother l1ardy'. rceord. lind the eledrlcal work.. n. ONT. In tho annulII report of the city of Seattle, After the troop! were turned loole wllh Editor: department of lIghtinK, which Is juu otr the fixed bayoneta we thlln set MlY 27 ... IInal A It'tter reaehed mf the olher day trom, pre.. , there are 80mI' Interesting flKures on dllte for our strike lind June 1 1111 the dllte well, I won't say right where, but it WIll from the low voltl11,te street lighting circuit thlt for the general nrlke, a. we had the promise a [ocal In II town thut many of us had. .... ere not "'aHable at the time the speelal ot support of practically all the dltrerent wllrm IpOt In our heart. {or. It was .n artitlo on thill drcult wn published in the llIbor o r i::llni~ation . [n Toledo. Our wege Ohio town. Now thil letter laya that the}' J"nuJuy, 19S4, JOUllIfAt,. committee went Into 24·Io"ur ~ca.i"". with III II I~"I In.v" tl,,, "1.in;uII th"t "the cOII.ti­ Th~ opl'rutinJ( J,n(1 mnintennnce enst fn. the conciHllton lind the company Omdllh. tution mllklllll' mllndntory the nmlintlon of I. July, 1994 The Joumal 0/ Electrical Workers alld Operators 307 mt!m~rs.bip in the E. W. B. A. II • reltraln. doe. our Inn.te. knowledl. come from!) h •• lo tholt! uklnr olllcti .nd .,It the nl4!.mben inr inll\l"nce on the mind. of prolp«'tive learned hi" flnt If'"",n. Like all hurnaQl. to gIYe them their Utl1'lOlt in CQ,oJl'('r.tlon. member•• " knowing one road to be an impaue he took J)ur thanka are due to our retirln. prul. IAI mt' tt'll )'on our t'lfptrit'nct', or rather the. oppo.lte wa)". LI e con.idua all work .a d~nt. C. Doua-hty, who hll ,h'en ienerOUlly my experlenn. Woen the Inluranee feature degr.ding lind I, Intereatf'd only in gettinr 01 hi. time .nd efforts in furthering the In­ Will flnally mnde i.'f in January, 1922, .11 the "be.t thln'l out of Iltf'." He frequenll teresh of ou r I()('.l union. and I nm lure our mem~n who ",pre ",Hl:ible for It fjUII, a ratricted circle. becomes a pUPJl'('t and wal· thllt he will rive his best in a leu.:r cap.city lu,-in, three member.. IWO of ",hom had low. in the mire. on the aide Ix'nehu. 8efo~ clotinlj: thl, item joint'd L. U. No. 303 when they were 0\'1'. 55 This "big time Ch.rley" h .. no frie.nds. I would like to Impreu upon the mind. of )'1"" of 'It'. Theil' two "'orthy Brotht'fI Bein, of no a~ount, he h., no enemla. He elected offiee1l the Imponance of .tI~nding hive p.1OMd on ~in(e then or I would h .. lola of hangen·on of both IleIt'II: they meetin,.. Attend.nee, in m)' humble opin­ ..k them 10 , .. ad this Iatut .nohn;on. prey on him • .orne en1',. him. Gthe,. de.pi .... ion. II the nre.n. of keeping the m.. mbe,.hip Why do I dig up all this hinor,' B~ him. He 10l"Il on exh.uotine the "ple.. ure. 01 .n)· or•• niution intact. Lately we ha1'e UUII' the paulnr of )'0\1. opinion betw«n of exi.ten~" and ne ..er find ••n,. ..tiar.c· had bircer and better meeung~ .nd W •• ur_ on to the lI1embo· .... bip and the day it ..·m be lion. lie IInds only an Inerea.ing .ppetite pri,inll: the eff.-et it has on the o\fi("4!u and argued out "'C' have a '* opportunh)' to {or roit('nn_ .nd In .o~r moments, emptl· the old lIandby.. It gh'es them encour.II'!' IlCII'. out .'hat is beat. nell. in hi. heart. ment to CITry on the ,ood work. luI' On Ih, of it it would nem thal to At the I.~t call. l~aaon No.2 b .. hef'n The H('I.I .ctirities of our local han b~n /lIk • new mt'mber to join the org... ,;ulion learned. dead for ,onle time paat. So it ,,·a. decided lind Ihen 1('11 him th.t there w••• n ;lIIur· He mUlt come baek all.ln and build .n_ lit our la.t meeting to hold a picnic th" aum· IIncll.' f .... turll.' cosling 00 cenu per month other hou~ of fle.h., .(Thl. _lipped out. Will mer and "Imulate the fratern.l feeling .dded onlO hll due! "'II' aomelhing Wrrlble, somebody expl.ln to me whllt I am talking nmon&, thu membe,.. ">tronlC committee if you look nt It that wa)'. But it il part about,) wa. lormed and it i. the hope of thia com· of the orlanlption and. /l:ood pan ~.u~ When he dOfl. 1 would IIlte lo Im.glne hIm miun that all membell will co_operate to if /l:h'ew 11,000 01 insurance to many. home II • grown up man, • fellow who know. the utmolt In m.klnl\: this, our lir;t annu.1 th.t otherwise would never h.ve • ce.nt. Let both roa.d ••nd followl neither one. He will Ilienic. a ,reat IU«f!I8. me uk )"OU how m.ny of those ""ho h.d poli­ think Ihe upper ro;t.d I. rood, for those The phliolOllhy of lile I~ hard to und.. r· de. with Ihe "lriou~ comp.nln h.d to let ploddine Ihn w.y; In. lower street i. fine, sland. F.very man I. endowed WIth brain., them 1"0 thl. put Ii.. e l'euI, while the '1,000 for those who w.llow, that I. where ther ..... hlch were Intended to be u~. Some hne polic}' In the I. B. E. W .•t 90 ceDII p r belon,. Lookbg.t them he will .mile .nd br.ina and U5e them. other. have buln. and c.u~ed month, thn so much kickinl", and .U condemn no on~. Day by day he will perfllrm abuH them and ag.in, others h"'e br.ln. th.t II:~I with the kickin" i ••till Intact! whatever ta.k eonfront. him, for it h .. to lind do not know ho .... 10 u..e them. Take. Ye~. Indee-d, " .till int.ct. Think of thllt. be done. It mlly be a job of work, II miulon for I",hnce, lAng-fellow: lie "rote a poem The com llanle. who inlured you ha .. e given of klndneu or II hard light where blow for on II worthlcsA piece of llallef .. nd Kot you exun.lon., cub ~eulem ... ntJI and "ener· blow 1ft dealt; he will perform it but in dolllg 16fi.000 lor It. Thllt', geniU$~ Then there .Ib' lap~eR lind you lire 12 year. older now, hO he follow. hll Insiliratlon, lind cnrn not lire .ome m~n who clln writt.! a few word. on ill. with poulbl), lome of the lhnt den·lop, ut allnboul the outcome; he kilO"" he cnnnot II ple<'e of pnper nnd mllke it worth n mil· while the 't.OOO i. still good lit 90 cent. per lose. lie Ond a Ihllt everyolle In Ihi. world I, lion. ThAl·. capital. A mechanic cnu toke a month. doing the hl:>.t he call, with hi. limited mean •. piece of metlll worth a few dollllrs and mllke Why don't theae new npplltllnt. lI$k you to The fale of hi. toul bothe,. him nOlo thllt it Into jewelry worth thouMnds. Thnl', to tllke oft' the IISiesament for the p~n,lon liny spark which i. hlma.elf eannot be "1011" hk ill. A,aln there II the man who clln IlIke fund! They "urel)' hllve provided them~elveR And i, the only thing In hi, makeup that doe. a plll.'('f' o( elln"a. worth II. few cent~. paint with Jl'('n~lon. for thfOir old .11:'" Ix'fore fOom· not need ....Ing. Never leeklng publicity, he • picture on It. and mAke thou."nd, <)Ut of It. in&, to the I, B. E. I()('.I lor trade IId­ w. i. IItldom heard of. That'. art. T.ke mysel'. I could write a ,·ant.gu, or m.ybe the Jl'('n.lon bond, or For a IInale. lend .n e.r to John C. Whit· check for '10.000. but It wouldn't ~ worth oth ... r IICherne. were too conly .0 they wJl1 tier, that 1I0ltonian: 10 «nlll Thnt'. toul(h. Finally. there b tnlt'nS the U. R A ....·hen I'reddent Roosevelt '11'.' In elOlllnK might I say th.t the vol~e of .Iont: "'ilh _ picture rep,.5entlnr the truth. ... I.-eled .•re lookin, lor.... rd to aome deg~ "~xperlen~e" h.. nothing on the vol« of .nd that will w.re him even to • point of improvement In the .dmlnhtrlltlon of our our EIXOl!t("A.t. JOt·IIN'''-t. ;n brinll:inlt cour.lCe ",here he will make him5elf ridiculous. provinci.1 .fhln. and determin.tion into the honles of the When such a one .n ....e,. the I.,t round· Our lOCAl union held ill el~tlon of offiCt!tI worken. to IIlI:ht out the destinies of our up lind nil the phyfiiei_ns in attend.nce have lit our la~t reKUlllr meetln.-, ... ith the lollow. future. There lire m.ny CQrre.pond ... nll, too, no~ dulled hb fatuities with their dop •• lind ing ""ult.: President, C. nl.lr: .. Ice presl· who are nntinually expoundin, truth lind nootruml. he ",til rfOalile the futilit)" and de.nt. 1:1. Fummerton: IInlincial .ecretnry. W. pleadink the CIlUle of the worker. II It all nonsem ... of It nil. Hi. life wl1l not Ih ... n be Olwa)'; recording ICf'rclary. J . C. Met;wen: in .. aln! W... hope not. So ~orne 011. pre.. entir... I)· IYlllled. but whllt a price for this loreman. W. Vanderkaa; nudllor, W. HUllrt· u'c:relarlel: keep up the 11'00.1 work. even If It ..onl aon. Ovt'r 00 per cent 01 the membenhlp we only let the odd l11 ... rnber now and Otheu Itll,t on the. top and work their ..oted the$(' men into office .•0 we tru.t that "Kaln. lIemember the par.ble in the Bible. wa)' down. all will be u lbOed that they were not put "Ther. I. mueh Joy In Hea"en o,'er one lin. Such a one, through Inherited instinct. con· in by elique request. but by Ihe m.jority of ner r"I'entlnl." ~ltnce. or, c.1I It wh.t you Illene (where our membetlhip. We exlend Our belt w\shea F', 1\ r.r.t.1' . 308 The Journal 'o! Electrical Workers and Operators July. 1934

L . U. NO. 349, MIAMI, FLA. ensuin&, two yean : Brother J. Nutland, than a dosen calles of infantile par,lysl. , Editor: president. by accla mation: Brother E. ~'or . now 10 prevalent Ihrou&,hout Los Angel" The ru ult of our e!eeUoo or offietll o'n sey, vic. president, by acdama lion: Brother ('ounty whe" nearly, thou.. nd caae. h"'e Juna IIi wu at follow,: i'resident, "Tommy" J. Oolaon, l~a l urer, by acclamation: Brother developed, Some health authorities claim It ThomklnlOn; vke pre'ldent, Uarry Ultl'ler; B, Maunder, r«ordlnc Ie(retary, by aeela. a deflelency eli aeaae and but another algn of flnandal Merelary. nay l lurdox:k; trellaur(!f, mation: Brother C, M. Shltw, fimlllcial IIl!Cre· the voor conditiona ~o .many are forced to "Jim" Elder. Sr.; bualne... manager, . ' re·\ tary and bUl lneu man~l:er; Brothers R. Mc. Ih'e under. n . t.eher: ul'<:utive board, Gold_berry. Leod, ~' . AInlworth. J. ~: . Price lind W. InvUllcatorl in Imperial Vlllley report Mead, eaecutlve board: IIrothen p, Els. ThomplIOn. Mu:weU, Dowling. 1I0.gland: p . deplorable conditions among crop worke,. aminlnr board. Albury, Knox, MeMe and worth, J . Wlnll\-' and W, Robertson, uam. there with typhoid fe"er prevalent. Thou· inini hoard, . Morrl. ; ~rding neretary (by appoint. ..nd. of can of produce Co from there to mt'nt), C. O. Grimm. We are analou. to get thi. letter in before all part.. of thla country, lar&ely picked and Thl. II an entirely new Nt of oll!cfol'1l, with the July i"ue 80IIII to pre.. , 110 that our out. packed by alieni who neelye a maximum the octplion of Flnanela) Secretary Ra.y of·town members ma, hne thi, Information, allowablft .ago of $400 yearly. All rdorm_ Murdox:k. Most ot the newly-elected uflk:.:n 10 are cuUln&, thi. letter abort. We tru.t en are branded communbt.l. are old timers in thl, loeal, howeYer, and when I'relldent Nutland appoints a pre.. CloM to ~0,000 people witneued the grad· have -.erved in verloua omtial capllcitle. secretary he will have n,uch of interest to ulltion of 1,200 .tudent.. of Pa ..denl's high before. convey to our members through the medium 8('hoola In a colortul pa,eant In the ROle of thi, JOURNAl.. or tourse. there i. the uauDI amount of Bowl. Plllllelena'a educator. arc liberal and I, ... tl r,."lIug &.nd diuntld"etlon on the pArt CECIl. M. SIIAW. theae young people Ihould glvo II good oc. of It few membe ... who just eBn't see how we cOlin! 0 1 t hemaelve. in the yea,. to come in righting .om. 01 the wrongl of gross ma­ are going to get ilIonII' with the new regime. L. U. NO. 418, PASADENA, CALIF, I hllve e~pcrienced tho IIImo thing on eAch terilllism 10 apparent. election during the PAit 10 yeArs And each Editor: Unemployment here i. now at Ita groatest tim8 .. e plllled throllch with n8W accomplilh. Another prohlem now confronHnK Pllaa. peak lind .. one Ip~aker aay. thl. section mentl and improvemenl.l. In spite of th8 dena'a li,ht depllrtment In preparing for the h .. turned from tbe while .pot to the dark. I~ming IIncutllinty of thing, at timu. advent of power from Boulder Dam II thft elt, largely dlle 10 the great Influx of YOII know there were millions of people dilference in frequency. That from Boulder drifter. from everywhere. Under term. of .. ho dOllbted the ..hdom of changing our Dam ..111 be 80 cycle.; raaadena'a plant fur. federal loana none of thele if worthy can be nationlll policy lind leadeflhip beforo IIlIr nishe. 50 eyc1t11, and It ha. been estimated denied food or ahelter, and charitable ai"fln . lad I'residential ell!Ction, but c:ompsratively $300.000 will be the ('Oft of necesaar, dn lire hard preased to keep up under the few dOllbt it now. changea In this city alone. Other citiel In burden. Those on welfare rolla ar. r«eiv. The New Deal helped ollr nation, and hili the metropolitan diltriet lire likewise ing tood, clothe. and utility and rent eheckl prClYed to be the thing we n~ded to regain affected. and, it able, work 40 hOllrl per month in eonlldeneo in ollnelve. and our eOllntry. A new lubltation In East Pllladena hili county truck gardena, Women work at leW' Perhapi thll change in OUr locsl IInion will been ('Omplftted and a luitable celebration il i"K, etc. Dirl'C1 reli .. f h•• !''''''' fuu,,'] th" lent coatly, ,tlmulate activity and ~ne .. Ollr internt In beinR arranged lor ItI dedication. The Its alfalr., thereby maklnlr of it a better huilding I. a worthy addition to the lJa:h~ II. W, IIUNI!I'1:I'i". local union. department and a credit to Its designer.. Rsmsmbu. th... man ..... r. slectad by a Beginnlnl" June 1. reductions in rato to majority vote of our membership. Tho, arft men:hanu and houaeholden were estab1i.hed. L, U. NO, 474, MEMPHIS, TENN. now a part of the loeal and .hould be sup. After over a year'a elfort on the pan of our Editor: ported and encouraged b, all of UI, whether "'age committee to ha"e light department line. I have not much to all, thl. month but we voted for them or not. Gin them a I'OOd, men', wagel ""ItOl'ed to Lol Angeles level and will atate ..e had a la,.e ratherlng at th, fair start by putting ,our shoulder to the the rai .. iTanted b, the board of elty direc. lalt meeting, Wh,! Election of ollkers for wh~l and pushing. in.tud of bloeking their to .... the lower .. agft ,Ull I landl, u the board the tOminr term. All of the boya seemed progre.. with unfair criticism. included Increaau to IOvera' department to be ..tlllled with tha outcomft of the In unity there i. strenrth; let's rna .. It heada and under prell!ure then reseinded the election. 1I&,lIlnst untllir conditions. IIction, A new ~1I1!lry ordinance step II The election return. were as (0110 WI: C1.ARENCE O. GR IMM. about due. It provide. for two weeki vacn. Chalrmlln C. E. Miller w.. elected without tlon with Ilay. ntllbliahca n 'to· hour week In any oppo~ltion at Ill. Let'. hope the presi. the utiJitlel and a ~~ · houl' wel'k In other de. L. U. NO. 353, TORONTO, ONT. dent of I,. U, No. 474 hili aa ple.. ant a term p"rtmentl. Ellmlnatea overtime, ea-cept thll time a. he hid the la't. Our vice prftsl. Editor: em~rgency and allowl five eents a mile, no dent i. John Eagle, a fine, level·headed chllp, The follo"'ing Will written by ona of our I month limit for employel!l' use of autol lind had very litlle oPpolltlon. OUf IrOOd oMe.t members, Brother A. G. lliaeoek, and enga~~d ill dty hu~inr ... ; allow. reRular !lire Brother nand. lIIorgln coel back, In .s dedicated to the "unemplo)'ed electrician": for trip. outalde of city. No .alary chana:el IInancial I«retary with, ,kip or one term. will be allOwed. The ell vice p~~ident will take the offiee of We ro out in the morning and roam around Pasadenll to date has eselped with leal recording secretary. He II no other than all day. T.""k;"" tor .. Iilll" jub to help oa on our way. But ala, I we meet with no ,ueee.. , i"et turned down left lind rliht, And return home to our lodging houae In an Mrs. Godel Requests awful plight. Junr 14, 10:14, To Officers and Members of Local 3; Our landlord wants his room rent, or elM! we cannot atsy, AI you all know and believe. my departed beloved H enry was always We alllO have our grub to buy, for which we deeply interested in the welfare of your union, and after he died I aRree

our six-foot lIrother wlloRe name is Charlel man cnrs being air-conditIoned by contract United Slhtu. I give al my reason for this ('oley. Adolllll Riellter Will ... luck)' aa the with the rullman Comllltny. This haa mllde assertion my experience aa a seagoini\" clee­ president; lie retainl tho offi« of tre)1~urer. a large amount of work for the electric lrician lalllng out of New York some years Tile executive board consists of Brothers department. We have been working 48 houra ago. At that time I carried an E. T, U. C. E. Miller, IInnds :.Iorll')1n, Chsrles Colty, per w('l>k lince May 1 (until June 26) with !."anl, which is general among ele..-tr5eian~ A. R. McCarver, HarT)' Weldon, John ~:lIltle a large increase in the number of employee,. ~~ilinlC OUI of Briti,h ports. lIut I n~ver and Polk Ilyrd. Laid off employees from I.. U. No. 10116. Saw an I. n, E. W. member on nny of the Some 10 or 12 Brothers nnswered the call Tacomll, Wash.; L. U. No. 16:!, Deer Lodge. ship~ , vi~iterl, Or in the shore repair gaugl. to lh~ TVA. Some went to Norris, the rest !\Iont., and \)ubuque, Iowa, were caUed here Wag..,. paid marine electricianl in Ne..... to Muscle Shoals. Let'a hope we henr the II! per our I<"hedule to g~l the extra job., be­ York are Car below tile union seale for .-en­ call for more. aides II number from L. U. No, 491, the eral electrleal work; consequently, men do As hot as It I, in good old Dixie, one hn _\Iilwaukee building trDd~ . union. This not stay long on the job and ruin it. Where­ a hard struggle to get a letter off for the made over HO meehanlc. and helpers as the as lhe job call" lor II union rate, apart from JOl"P.SAL. I think this i~ suffieient lor thb aecompanying picture will show, Thi. pro­ getting board and lodgings. This should not lime. Wltll best regards to ,U locals and gram is eompleterl now and a large number enter into the que.stion at all. A tradesmnn the internnlional Offiee, I will pull the lIa\'e been laid off until we get darted on 50 going to ..ea ,1\\'aYII recejvl!II at leaal 25 per awitch. new coache. and 25 new eXllreu ea,., whieh cent more ply thsn the ahore rate. Til;' is R. U. Il.... ;:w. have bt'en made pouible by • large loan the common knowledge Imong aeataring men oC "Memphis on the Mi uissippi." COmpan)' got from the government, the world. On July I, all railway employecJ are to ge~ The modern ship warrants an electrician. a 2'-i: per cent inereas~ in ral.etl due to the not a man raiBe.! from the stokehold. The L. U. NO, 528, MI LWAUKE E, WIS. recent negotiations in Washington. Thi. i. job il a sleady one; you rank as an officer. ~:Ilitor: to be fol1o"'ed Januar)' I. 1935. by a further or should. Our young memben should mnke It is IIOn'e time since L, U, No. 528 hucon. increue, and April 1. 193::;, we will have the every effort to secur~ a IHorth in the new tributed an artiele to the JOUIlN,U.. Our full 10 per cent back wllich haH been de­ ship~ as thcy come out, and claim the job tor press secrelary, Brother John Mueller. lin ducted froOl our p~y checks. Our basie rate. the trade. Huild up a morine section of the bei!n too bUIY n recording III!Cretary, wllich have r~malned the ~aOle tor the pa~t two I. B. E. W. pO:lition he 1I111 v~ry satisfactorily. years, Lan month a delegation from L. U. The picture I send b one I took of the On July I ~, we aTe nfranlling for II baakot No. &28 aHended the meeting of L. U. No. famous 1I0rn whkh I rounded nine timel. picnic. Tllil will be OUr It'Cond attempt, ~nd 885 in Chieago, to give them lin invitation but only on thi:! occasion were we able to from the way th~ first one went off, we elf­ to attend our pienic. We are expecting quile g"t c1ot1e enough in to photograph. At a pect big things this year, Local Union No. It few up tor the day. Come on. Carl, bring later daU J will give IOn electrician's eXIII,!ri­ li28 hn jurisdiction ave. the electrical wo.k your gang; Mllwnukee h making good union ence at rounding the Horn, Ihould ~lIy of the on the C. 1\1. St. P. I:. 1', Railway al Milwau­ beer. younger generntion be interested in the lub­ ject I write about. kee and vieinity, The shopa at Milwaukee arc Perllapl our press ..ecre t~ry will get buoy We in Canada are in the thiel< of nn elee­ 110W ptaetleuU~' 100 per cent union. dUI! 10 next month and tell you how the picnic the efficlent organizing- cllIMpniK" put on by turned out. l ion, and I 1I0p.e the memhers u ~e their Brother Willinm lIaruheim, our generlll franchhe, as good trade unionists should. ellairman, und a committee of our 1I"00d UU.L COLllO~. membeu. ":r', 1I0t6: I'erll I"rlll W~ could Ill" I«<~ L. U. NO, 773, WINDSOR. ONT. picture. '/'\1l 10 diUi~IIItU ;" r~IJrQductio>l. There hns been II very I"rlle inerea~e In the force in the cnr department of the shops, Editor: due to the nir-conditioning of n number of The marinO! eleetrici~l1 is one of 11 branch "Thunder on! Strld~ on Democrncy! diners, cure CRI"!I, and l'U1l0111n cars, the Pull· of the trade which I" udly neglected ill the Strike witb vengeful atroke."-lVhitlllllll,

T ITl ~ 100 I' ~JR CF:ST moOOS "f.I':C'J"ItIC.\I. CIII':W ,\'f (' ..\1 ~ T . 1'. " 1'. II.III.W.\\'. 310 The Journal 01 Electrical 1I'ork'ers and Operators July, 19J~

L. U. NO. 912, CLEVELAND, OHIO .nd ag.in (or Ihe Illme type o( publil' aero "Ith an);.ioul he.rt•• nd • t\r", determlna­ \"In\l and again and .gain th~y found them­ lion o( hope born anew In thei r brenn. Editor: selvu in the .. me old rut, getting mired And lhl':n ume the NRA. !rIving the .,.. ork­ Railroad Local ~o. 912 ,rfrt, 1..01:111 So. down more each year. M.ny 10-' their jobl, era the right to organi" and bergaln t(,I­ Mo9, of Jarnak•. N. Y .• rel)TUrntlnll' the rl~. their home ~, their hOl'e, their .11, and tinnily l~tIvel)' ror their mutu.1 protection and .. d­ IriClii worken on ~he Lonl! Itlllnd It, It. We found themlelvn dec'llring themeelvea Pill' '·anl'ement • .omething unhe.rd 01 in the palt hOJllt to "'('leome lhe Pl'nnlyivanla electrical pc!fI before.n ulllyml)lIlhlz.ing public ... elr.re hiltory of thil nation. worken employed in Cleveland Into 0<11 board. Tholle.nd. of enthu .i.ill~ wurk.. ra ('\"fln·· local _no We already have" 100 ~r ."nt Now it ... un't .n eal)" mllller ror one who wher" al,ned up with the "ariolll loul orKllnilllllon at Connuut Shop. on the had befon quite prolPUOIlS. owned hie own IInlona of their craft and ~on(' ited n ....· SiC'kel Plate. home, .nd enjoyed the rupect of hil neigh' melllbers .mong theIr feliu" worke,. and Thill proud Imile on Brother A. E. War. bore to go Into the lin" of the weU.,. friendl, but the m.nuf.ctur"'l imlllediatth" nt"'. faee denotes that he I, "daddy. Con­ cliente and bee for ch.rity; :ret thit w .. bil or,enil"d their eomp.n,. IInlonl, .ayin,., erlllul"loOI, Brother W.rner. Brother onl), remedy to keep hil famil)' .nd leU from ~ We .\11 make ollr plan ,.ollr pl.n," .nd Burinler il a\ao the a.be Ruth of Con. a death of IlarvaUon and want. It.rtP hI.llle mofe th.n anyone elM. New AddreSll_ fftultinlf In the mental dfoe .... celled ",hbo. )I~h h .. been a«ompliehed by o ..anlud phrenl.. Bigh intellilfenc. _ml to be I.bor In Ihooe years and ).t\ there ff'DlJIin. little or no protec!ion. Or. o. .. ine h.1 found, mu~h tor III to do in the near fuhl",. a,alnl! luch mental de"'riora"ion. Ex. I ..... ould like to write ... methlng pertaining tremely Intelligent Ind Im.gln.tlve people 10 the mOlt interutinr eventl th.t h.ve oc· Old Addrcu ,,'('m, Indeed, more likely th.n the .vera~ 10 ~urr"d In ollr vicinity In the time el.pled try to esc.pe from life', difficliitiel by thil ~I nc~ I wrote the 11111 ertlcle from L. U. When you mo,'£' notify us of the kind of mental night. Rich lind comforUble ~a. O~8. chunge of residence at once. I'eople .re more likely to break down In thil We do the reat. ...y th." v.,.:,ple ... ho re.lIy Irt poor and ;\lI( hlg.n Gon DemCM: r. tlc diltrened. The people who come through Internation.1 Brotberhood o f E lectric.1 hIe III('celifuliy Ire thoH, rich or poor, "ho For m.ny ),e'fI, in r.l't, .In.... the Civil Worker. keep a IIOllt heart to (ace their dilllcult le War, Michigan has bun a Itronghold of the R,pllbliun plrty. 1200 15th St., N. W. The working men .nd women voted ag.ln Washington, D. C. Judlfe not of men or thlnll at firl! .r"ht. I JIIly, 1 98~ The Joumal of Electrical Jl'orkers and Operators 311

Scientific Wonders of World's Fair By CHARLES D. MASON, L. U. No. /34 Chic:aRo

ilE followin~ note~ Ujlon new scien­ about eight million dollars a year for Itreamlining have IIhown thut with train;; tific device&--<:hiefly electrical­ the waste of electricity. A vivid exam­ shapl'd like airplanes. such high ~I)eeds Tnow being Ihown at the World's ple of thia i. shown by a coil into which are quite prac:ticsl as far as power is Fair were made with the co-operation the visitor can thrust two anm illes, fint, concerned. and on a table are little of the We!ftinJ!"house Company. one of the iron of 40 years ago which wooden models of a street car aa or(li­ eauses the pointer of the meter to indi_ narily built and of the same street car Elec tric T • • t e r cate on its scale the energy wasted in as it would be streamlined for a 100 Across the wily is another example of the magnetising of iron, a nd second, a miles an hour. Buide it ill an electric extreme exactness. An electric meter similaf aam ille of modern iron l or which loc:omotive and Pullman as the}' are \l hieh rna)' ~ !aid to have a len~e or the meter shows very IImali losses. A actually built. and as they would be taste. that i, it will regiller the com­ vivid example of the effect of this im­ built for minimum air re!listance and parative IroUrnel'S or sweetness or fruit. provempnt is shown also by two trans­ high speed. These little toys are the Two liltle needle point. are thrust into Co rmers at the back or the table, one or models actually used in streanllining the apple or orange and the meter faith­ 40 years ago and the othl'r of today, tests In the Westinghousp research wind fully indicate, how sour it is. Electric­ of the same rating and of strikingly tunnel. ity has long lince developed the sense of different .iM. Mo ... ina TJ.ina' Stanel Still- Wate r Ru n . hearing, touch and sight but this is the F loatin , 5 t .. el first example of its developing a sense Up Hill of taste. Cobalt .teel is another very curious Next door is a dark room in which i~ material which alone of an the metall! shone the stroboglow outfit, that maltic "Electric Eye"-V.rio u. A pplic.t ion . in the world can be made to nullify the "Ope n Se •• me" pulY-tinK red light which shows moving force of gravity and SU llport ita ow n objects as if they were Itationary, re­ This central exhibit of the bal" is weight in the air. In the opposite side gardleu or speed. Water drippin~ P.anl!'ed on ont ~ide by a photo eledric­ of this bay is seen a large cobalt magnet from raueets appears as a steady stream. nil}' controlled cabinet of the metals ot floating unsupported which the visitor but is a series of little rounded pearl the future. It, closed doors can only be can push down and it bobs up exactly a~ droplets which can be made to de~cend npened by th(' use of a beam of light if it waa on a spring. If it were only slowly from the faucet. hang stationary from a hand flash light nearby. When possible to build air.llhips on this princi­ in the air, and even rise from below the \'isiIOr directs thi.1I beam on the spot ple; but unfortunately Cobalt's power to and ItO bll.ck again into the faucet-Iikp marked opt'n, the doon! swing open and lift itself ia limited to about one inch. a motion picture run backward~. A a display inllide is of many !IIlmlllell of vibrating violin wire i~ shown with it~ the new mt'tal, which are likely to hal'e actual "nodes and loops" frozen in l'uch a J(I'('at ('frect on development; iron Another vpry curious 80rt of metal ill mid·air. and aluminum in large erystals, distilled known as bi-metal; it is really a pair metals and th(' !Z"aSlies which hll.ve been ot Siame"e twins or two metals welded Free Elect r ici ty F r om Da yli, ht drh'en from them, a rediscovery of the togethl'r. When heatpd it curIa. It i~ hal'dened COIIIIl'r at the ancients and Then there is the photo-\'oltaic cell, ver)' widely used for the control of elec­ which manufactures electricity direct new allo~·tt ttuch as Konal which retains trically heated apparntus, and to illus­ it .. strength when red hot. from daylight. It i9 a little disc no bi~· trate thi, there ill an electric iron ger lhlln a wri!lt watch which held to­ Hipernik. which relpond!'l more read­ eut Ollen to show the bi-metal control ily than any flthl'r metal ever diMovered ward the light register!! the eledricitl' it device which keepi its temperature is making on a meter. Turning awar to magneti~m. has made the measure_ constant. ment of l"lectricity very much more IlC­ from the light the meter goes to 7:ero. cUI·ate. In the case, too, are the Flip_F lop He.t E n ,in .. If it wefe only pO!l!lible to make thill de­ puu;lin~ little arran~ements of black vice in large sizes, American dlie!' and red woorit'n beads strung on wire But more interpstinR" to the public, ill nlight get all their power from aere. or "'hich repre~t'ntl' to the science the a demonlltration consistinK of 18 bi­ metal Bheets expolled to the sun Ihrht. atomic arrangenlent of diff"erent. metals. metal diaclI which tan alternately on hot exactly as the Rock of Gibraltar .!Cell' When the visitor has finished examining and cold Illates and consequently inces­ its water SUJIII}y froln acres of ml'tal the~e curio"itll'" he spots the beam of santly jump back and forth on curved ~heets exposed to the rain. Unfortu_ the tJash onto another target labelled monorail tracks. Nearby i~ another ex­ nately, (or the present, the photo·\'ol­ "clo~e" and the doors of the cabinet hibit of bi-metal J)eculiarities-a meter taic cell cannot be made to work in mOl'e tOJ("elht'r R~ m),sll'l"1ously a~ they which registers an invisible ray of heal. lal"lll' Ilowers. ollened. The villitor can intercept this ray by raising a barrier whose shadow protect." Blow Out t he Li,hh 5ave. £i,ht Millio n Dollan the meter. Immediately the pointer rl'· ~l'arb)' is the brl'ath rela}'. The vi~· turns to r.el"o. When the bnrrier i~ ImllrOl"('ffil'nl in iron Is not II merely itor by merely brt'nthillll upon a ~ell~i­ dropped, thl' long bi-metlll Ilointer ~cienlific curiol'ity, (or practically all thl' ot tive plate clln turn thl' Jig-hu ;11 the plectricity in the United States is han­ the meter fpels the heat and move~ the compllrtment on and ofr. The ganlt' I1p­ indicator, dled flr~t anti last by transformers, and vice could, if nrcessary, be made to the amount of electricity which they Ultra St rell mlining start 11 IItcel mill. n locomotive or n hat­ waste is determined lafKely by the char­ tle ship by an impulse merely of the actl'l' of iron by which they are built. It ha!ll been known for many )'eal"!'l breath. In the next I)anel bal' ot the Con~tanl re~t:arch during the la~t 40 that railroall~ could run much fpc!ltcr me..ssnine are n group of the trem('nd­ ~'eaI"9 hns mnde ~uch IlII improvement in than lhl'Y do. even up to 150 miles per OUll light' used for airporu. the 1000 this magnl'tk iron t.hat were thl' ir'on or hour, but until recl'nlly it was suppoMed waU lunding fiel d tJoodliltht which 411 year.< alCo Idiately r-o into the election of an D. C. HOW TO DRAW UP AUXILIARY officer to fill the unexpired term. LAWS (To be continued next month.) 1('(,nllmlt·,1 frOlm PIl:I' 30.1) CALIFORNIA ELECTRIC WORKERS BACK SINCLAIR th" president and .so on in order as to Meat Diet and Bread Diet rank. Both Insufficient (t'.. nl\rlllf"oI from I"rc~ :!!III Sec. 6. Tht' exccutive board shall noth the all-mut diet Ilnd th~ Illl-b .ead When the plan is put into effeel it consi~t of pre~ident, secretary and three .1Iet are bad but the all_b~ad (lne b the will insure employment for those who members to be eleeted from the Hoor. "0''': at leaat for African neKron and want to work at wagea that will be con­ Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the probahly for t'Yel")·body. S" It appeara from sistent with a standard of living worthy "resident to preside at all regular and di"tary comparilonl of two ~:ut African of the name American. It will relieve spe('ial meetingfl. to preserve ord('r and tribu. the )faeal and the Alelleuyu. made re_ the taxpayer of hiR burdl'n of ~n pflortin ... entorce the constitution and by-laws and tentiy b)' Ur. J. U. Orr and Dr. J. 1.. Gllu the unemployed. It will eliminate poor­ to name a majority of all appointed for the dietetic. eommit'el' (If the lledieal n ...elttch ('ounell. In Enltland. The men of hou~ and charity organization". It will ('ommittees. rhe M"81i tribe. Dr Orr and Or. Giln re· pension the aged nnd incnpacitated. It Sec. 8. It shall b(' th .... duty of the port. live alm(lOt C'1Cdu1

LedGer Anttl Oeeember 31. H13'.! U,1I16,878.06 Intf'r.... t A((,fued on llondl Not In Default 33,698.91 INCO)IE Prepaid In.uranee .. _. 979.63 Membenhlp. Adminion Ilnd Reinltate_ ment Fee. $483,627.40 Total Non.Ledgf'r ASBet. 49,980.35 Interut on )!ortgage Loana 21,1137.30 Interelt on (,ollateral Loanl 1,961.43 Gro.. A.",II $4,003,694.99 lntfreat on Ronds and Dividend. on Leo" Assell Not Admitted: Book V.lue of Real Estale Over Mar­ Stoek. U~7,715.8 ' Interest on !kposit, In Trult Con.- ket Value $18.281.87 paniea lind Bank! 105.45 Book Value of Bonda Over Amortized Renb _ 31i,478.93 or Inveltmf'nt Value 410,799.76 U.. Cund Pavlnr Assesament 91i.67 800k V.lue of Stoeka Ovtr Market Refund Alarm ChllTge '.00 "alue 91i,163.oo Profit on Salt or Malurlty of Bonda I,OOl.71i Total $li24,21iO.63 Total lneome 671.fl25.74 Tolal Admitted Aueta 13,530.34 1.36 Total $4,5-48,103.80 1.I.\81LITIES OIS IJ URSEM ENTS O"ath Claiml Dut and Unpaid $20,383.00 Death Clalma ... $358,6511.3·' Dealh Claims In<:urred In the Current Salarin of Oft\eerll and Tru,tet'. 8.M VfOI r Not Hepl'lrled Until tht Folio ..... Salarin of Oft\(e Employ.. e ..._. 40,742.95 Ing Year 15,716.00 JnlUran~t Department Ft,,_. 200.00 Adyan<:e A.. eumtnb_ ~,692JI0 Rtnt r;.~oo.oo Adyerllslnll', Print ing IlIId Stationery 628.25 I'oltage, Expre.. , T"lf'graph and Tele- Total $38,8M1.1I0 phone 519.41 Bond Premium 295.00 EXIIIBIT Ot> CE RTI~' I C,\TES Publkalion. 77.00 Ezpt'npe of Supreme Lodjt'e Meetinl!' 903.56 Number Amount Legal ~:x"en8e In Litigating ('lalms 1,786.74 Orneftt Certin .... tea In "'oree Deumber C'ommiliion on Bonds 25.00 31 of Previous Year "9,83~ $41.176.900.00 Proteat Ft'('_ '-', B ..nellt Cntill .... te. Writttn During the TIlI:e •• Repain and Othu ":xpenau on Year :!,ROO Real El;ta" 24.361.53 Bentllt Cenilleatlll Rni.ed During the PUlIonal Tax 128.00 Yellf 113 91i,450.00 In,uranet Premium ),491.",6 Benellt ('ertlllN,tn In ere.... " Durinlf Fedenl Tax 5lUa the V... r 1.1()9,67/i.00 Auditing 750.00 Community (,hut 150.00 Total 62,748 $ ..\Ii.382,026.oo 1.011 on Sale or Maturity of Bonda 119.647.50 Deducl Tnminatfd, Oecl'f:"N, or Trana· De~ r e"8e. by Adjust mtnt, In Book V.lue ferred During the Year ",,9Q 3.362,0(;0.00 R.. I E~tate 9.373.60 Total Bendt ('ntill .... tn in For('e Total J)i.bunement.l 635,098.16 Dffembu 31 oC Current Year 47.755 $42.010,91/i.00 U.llln(fO- Ledger A.... II De(,f'mber 31, 1033 $.,013.605.64 " .. nellt ('ertilieatn Terminated by Death Reported Durfng the Yellr 3114 358,626.00 U :n GEIl ,\ SSETS Benefit ('ertlll .... ' .. Terminated by Lapae neal E_tate $-118,779.81 Rtporttd DUrinI' the Year ""G04 3.003,421>.00 MOMPkt LOllna on R"al Estate $503,89:t~9 EX HIBIT OF DE!ATII CL.\I \IS Loana Se('I.lr1'l1 by Pledge of Bondi, Stoek. or other eollllteral 40,390.16 Claim, Unpaid Deumber 31 of Pre,·lou. nook "alue of !Jond, and Stoeh 2.1182,072.07 Y.. ar :!6 $'.!O.416.34 Dtpotih in TruKt rompanl" and Banh (,Ialnu ntported During the Year 36R,625.oo not on Int.. ~.l 1117.780.06 '" Bm. Recthable (Adnn(ed Tillie.) 691.00 Total ,,_ $;170,011.34 Claim, Paid During the Yenr ." 35R,6[H1.34 Total I,,,(,,(er Aneh ,4,019.(i06.U 3" B~lance - ----$20,3R3.00- NON·I.EI)CElt \ SS.::TS ("Iaims Ut"je('ted During tht Year ,. Inttreat nut and Ae(rutd on lfortll'a~t $14,321.71 " Inlereat Du. and Aecrut'd on Collateral OM iml l'up"id UeCf'mber 31 of Current Loana 089.10 Year " 1t0,:lR3.oo have for their purpollt' the attainment of the mnny I"nerifices of the founders or NEW FE RMENT CALLS FOR NEW economic freedom without. endanJZ'('ring this great nation. ADJUSTME NTS the lICcurity of the Ame rican 11ome. The "Joint Political Orgnnizalion" of 1('(I"llnu~,1 ft .... " pIII'e :!-'15} President. Roosevelt has virtually Los A nR'('I('s, repr('~nting thou!;.8nilll of placed on trial all the (''Itabli!lhcd finan­ electricinns through the politiul amlin· j!'('nE'rate 34 pE'r Cl'nt of the electricity dnl. proCeRlional, bUsin('ss, trade and tion of Loenl Unionll 18, 40 and 83, IItand generally available and 80 pcr cent of labor a~Hocintion!l in the United Stntes, r('ady and willing to as..'1 ist mnter inll y thal u!ed by llouf\('hoiderll. On a totnl and their nttitude towll rd each other, in any politi('al move that hns for iLs inv('Mtm('nt of $613,452,000 the Bta te, in nnd toward the nation during this crisil objective the culmination of democra('y, 1929, earned a n('t return of 6.08 Iler in our history will ,go fn r in establishing nnd so we publicly acknowledge our in· rent, t heir future value M American institu· dorsem('nt of the }O~P I C plan. and will "Directly affecting the li fe of the tions which merit protection and pres('r­ work unceasingly for the election of country ns a whol(', hus b('en tho devel­ valion by the government, Tho8C who Upton Sinc\nir for j.,"{Ivernor 80 thnt opm('nt of a co-operntive union, acting retain their names on the altruistic roll Californln may refip the benefit of his both a .. a wholesnl('r and manufacturer of honor wlll then by mutual consent untir ing yenrs of IItudy, which we nrc as well as a retail('r, wh ich, in 1932, em­ unite 88 true AmericnllB, nnd drive from co nvi nced hIlS r('sult('d in a Ilrncticnl braced 786 local co·operntive societ ies our midst thoBe who 1V0u id trample our 8olutio n of the problem of the interde· with 1i 12,968 famil y members. Th(,lIc F lag underfoot, or s('('k to render futile pendence or man. societiell owned and op('rated apllro:w.:i- 814 The Journal of Electrical lVorkers and Operutun~ July, 1994 mately 10 per ce nt of a.ll indu~lrinl back to equality with S, E again equals mum and the nuUon a. a whole wi1\ maintain activities in Sweden, in 1932, nnd eon­ R. and there is recovery. a derree of prosperity never known beforo. t rolled from on e-third to one· halt the HO\\'ever, If failure., lite., are prevented, Under thl, ItabiHzed condition Incomes wholesale Rnd relai! tude in food, debts remaIn too lar,e. Inhrelt charael can­ will be in proportion to whllt each man pro­ shoes, and elothing. In 1926, the total not be earned. new 10lni CAnnot be made. S dllCN of .. alue to .octety. This will apply fq,,,.lIu to all ctaa.a. of the papulation. in­ numbu of stores under their direction continue. to excud I., Ind bUline" continue. to '0 down Irllde. cluding wI,e earnen. manlgerl, and ownert was 2,41 J; in 1932, it had increalled to The n.to of fall in thll net ndional Income of tapital. But thll Income. of all, in other 8,716. The eo-operative union h~ ac­ will be ( L-SlV where L lind S Ire the words. the UI IIl1ti'-'It/lt income. will be knowledged to be in a strong position .mounts IOIl>l~d .nd .... \I~d I>or yellr lind V II limitllllI'e ~I i ... t/o" U ... ited StlltU. Thi, ia true whether the dol1ar repre!l('ntl unuKd bank depolita. the tea, over which the talk beeame PHYSICS MAKES CONTR IBUTION credit wlthdrawall or money ae nt Ibroad general. TO ECONOMI CS without n co rrelpondln, pureh88l1. "Did ye lIn.ve a 10lil{. IlIIl"d dllY Ilt the \('(lhlln"NI f r llm 11~lre 2S8) The present condition In the Unltlld office, E ileen?" asked Casey. Stale. and appar~ntly III the world I' a result reflected In n cor responding in­ "Not too bad." was the answer. "Some­ whole II a chronic or,y of .alliltg with no times the mannger of the office is almOIll erell!*' in "r/"I11". Thllll the rI,.b/1l in the opportunity to 1011 ... oith~r na en.pital or to United Statu doubled in the inftation create credit. So long as thb condition human. After he had gone through the morning.email he dictated a pile of let­ (rom ]926 t() 1929. and doubl~d again. hold_, thue can hi! no real recover)'. dUring the depression (rom 1929 to 1932. Gonrnmenta may borrow. thlll creatinl\' a ters, and aller I had typed them out and market tor loan •• hut If thl, Is done. Ihll d .. l>t got them ready for mailing. he said: ' Tt'" Thi. proce .. of .imultaneou. crea· eontinllel to Increue delplte tho ract that It a warm day, Mias Casey, and a little tion of ne w c redit money a nd new il thll very eileen of debt and the impoui­ fresh air would do you good. You might debt mainly accounh for the acCumu_ biHty of earning It. interut chargu that tnke these letters down to the postoffice, aceounl. for the preKn! , Ituation. The total la tion of lar,e £o ,·tu"... 110 ...... 1, nnd then deposit these ch~k s in the debt within thll United Stltn II now four . peculation a nd it the caute of breal.:. bank, and you needn't hurry back.' So, I tlmea the no rmal money. Oil which [nterelt down in the tyttem of di. tribution. can be earned. (See Figure I.) did my errande and then went into an W ith thi. behaviour of the t,ttem Thus tho preKnt world . ituatlon !n a nut. ice crealYj parlor where the)' had an elec­ under control, Ih e r ~ would be no sheU b that men are ,Iving monoy and not tric fan going and dallied over an ice ,eneral unemployment and Ihe earn· being able to ;In'ul it. Each dol1ar thus cream soda. Aller lunch I took Bome in,. of capital, mana,ement and of ~aved and not Invuted lIecounh for II faU of more dictation and he sent me out again. individualt would all be proporlioped V (It may be 6) dolln" (or pounds, frAnca. But eay, dad, w hllt adventures have you ma l" k~) in net rMI Income. Every ml\n Is 10 whAt each contributed of .. alue to engaged in a desperate. oHentlmea Ufo and had today? You kIlOW, ahe said, turning ,ociety a. a whole. Ip othe r word. death, .truggle to , hlft thl, Iou of Incom. to "Slim." "It's a poor day it dad hasn't a balanced econo mic: 'Yltem offen of!' onto lhll other fellow. It cannot bo done. run acrose BOme funny little experience 'be bo!., 'olulion of the eeonomi" . nd but tho IlIvngery and brutality of the lI11i_ to tell ue about :\t night." ,oci.1 problem. which b .. e"'er been vetllll attempt at self-p.".servatlon i. reo "Terry'e getting to be a great gossip; pidured in me n', mind.. It o ffer. • fleeted in cutthroat compf!lilion, racketeer. he doesn't miu anything when he goes m ...: imum of individual freedom with ing. etc .• for whleh there is no remrdy short on a little afternoon jaunt in the neigh­ a ma"iUluOOl ... r production. of removing Ihe CIIUSC. wrhood," said Ellen. laughIng. T/i4 .itUQt;ON con be remedied. "Not if I know it," said Casey with a On the othcr Imnd when the debt' M The main I>oulbllity I, tho u~e of rred!1 chuckle. "Why just this afternoon I are allowed to expand, the follOwing hap_ to atllrt bUllne .. In motion. Tho use of was strolling down the street and, Just penll. Thc new unearned m oney arilling credit need not Involve any Increa'e in per. manent debt. ('re.lit call bII extended on as 1 came to the Milligan Place, I out of "rapitlll gains" accrues onill to the billa of exlstln, "debh" u eol1atern! Ind stopped to fill me pipe in the shade ot a credito",. Dtb/o"" do not share in the when the credit money Is retired. no new big lilac bush. While I wall detained opportunit)' to realize these unearned debt i. left. In fact. thl. ia lhe cammon by me pipe I heard vok@s. Now M r~. K",ins. This is a one·sided proccss which practice In the ule of commereilll credit. Milligan is a stout, husky dame av the yields potential wealth to one clul8 on/v. Thul busln~ ... giving credit, lind acting in Maggie Jig-ga tY lle, w hile Milligan b a Being l!11({U'lIUl no work hav_ co ncert clln put men to work producing wealth, little, lean wisp of a mnn with a ing been done for it, the only way it may "WAat d%perl~llf.8 /on, .11.0'''''' will /iN(I 0. mtlr_ /rei II' .001t U wIIgu IIrd Ji«i.l. The newly cmcked voiCe!. Shc'a g rent on enter. be realized is by borrolvillg on security employed men who make the product wl1l tainin' an' bridgll partieH, an' ehe make ~ of wealth. Borrowed money can be spent l>rompUy purc:hllle the product. AI loon .. him do all the house work an' drudgery. only for capital goods, otherwise it could thi, pn.ceu h., reltored a balllnce between An agent had just got !'ti l'S. MilJigan to not parn pither interest or principal. I. lind S. thnll will ... II Iurplull of prlyate Blgn an order for IIOme tea, an' he was Thus when there is an inflation with the credit anilable and public crt!dlt tan be retired. tellin' her how he had bet!n out in a reliet c reation of much new money through camp, but there was nothing to do there debt, thire is grOBS over·expansion In the Thl, rna)' result In a new tpeculalive Infl,,­ an' he got fed up with it and so he came purchsse of "\!uvitul gooda". lion. If.e. ~he pdce. of ~l'f'lIritil'~ wH! r;,,! lind In order to keep l uch InfiRUon In hllnd back to town an' took the first job he At length men realize that the new lind preYont It recurrence of the 1929 dit­ could get in 1)refe rence. T hey were capital can not earn normal intereat and "~t"r, a rnpita/ I1n;lt. fll.t . h(luld be ulSCd to etandin' on the front po rch, an' Milligan they suddenly atop inveating. Prices of divert money from .peculation to maintain was down on hi, handl :\nd knees with a the bllan~e between J-: and debts fall and III men stop buying "cap. n. big bucket av water scrubbing it. lie ital good!." the total money flow E falla When the 'Yltem h once atablliud. it i. must have been mad about something. off. Eitltf"" prices mutt fall nttn onl~' nl!('euary to e,tabllih the proper agency or be for he gets up on his hind legs. an' dillcltarg{'{/. The lalter mostly hnfIJ\('llll. 10 watch the tIItio between Land S and take ...,y olle of ~e "eral ponlble melliurCI to wavin' the ~ ruu hru ~ h In the nil'. he As men are disrharged, earnings fnll off, mllinta;n equal!ly between the two faelon. screeehes out: "Sonic people nlake me E is further rct under control. had a chance to git out in a relief camp can again bor row money. Then L comes Tho nl't nulonal Income will b~ • mul. where I cud git re"ted up !' Mrs. Mll . July, 1994 The Journal 01 Electrical IVorkers and Operators 315

ligan turna the color av a brick an' are gilt edged. They have a book cove r Congrtss of the Nationol Industrial makes a hefty alap at the poor old man, for it in the rellding room of the library Recover)' Act, an' I always 800 t hey get a ('opy for it NRA sets up aa its under!)'ing prind­ Never Gel Mllrried, Eh, ... h.l l right on time, ye bet," pie the re-employment of workel'1l by "He jumpa baek a n' catchea hia fool in "Slim" looked at hia watch. " My good­ IIhortening working hours and raising of the scrub bucket an' roea down on his nes.a!" he said in consternation, "I've wages. It establi!hes codes of fair com­ back, an' the dirty IICrub water jU!t just half nn hour to go to my room. petition so that each industry ('8n gov­ alukes all over him, Mr ~, Milligan change my ('Iothea an' meet the resl of ern illlelt, For labor it establishes in stoops down, ('at('hel him by the eoUar, the bowling team down at the nlley, 80 writing (Section 7· A) the undeniable yanks him to his feet an' (lhoyes him I'U ha\'e to start pronto." right to organize without ('oerdon or through the front doorway, follows him "Ye'U have to quit the bowli ng, it's Interference from employers. For cap· in. an' gives the door such a slam that it Cil nllictin' too much wid y('r social dutiell, ital, industry and busi neS9 it abrogales shakes the whole building. The agent me boy," said Casey ruefully, IlS "Slim" the Sherman Anti-Trust LaW3. beab it out into the street, sees me all started rlown the steps, In the year of NRA has the worker's doubled up with laffin', an' lays, 'Did ye Just then Ellen and Jo:ileen stepped lot improved! Has his hOlle in the New iver see the beat?' I wouldn't a ... missed through the doorway, " Whal, going so Deal given him what he expected! Can that for the Ilrice av me falher'lI farm, IIOOn?" said Jo~ lI en. he look ahead to nexl year with a Poor old l'alilJignn 1" ('oncluded Casey, " 1 lure would be stayinA' longer, if it clenrer vision of realization, or Dccom· with n ('hu('kle, "Take me ad\'ice an' wllsn't bowling night, but the gong pllahment? Can he llnticiJlat .... with a niver get married, 'Slim'," would murder me if I didn't show up," g reater calmness some more certain When the laughter over poor :'olilli­ said ··Slim." economi(' security against hi~ drt'adful ,an's misfortune. had died down, Eileen "Well forgive )'ou this time, but don't enem}', unemployment! disappoint us th ~ next time," !laid Ellen, remarked: "Well, dad, I'm Io!'lad to see Me .... rinl' Worth of NRA you are not lOlling any ground in your " I'm just lellVing for choir practice nature studi"s," and am going your way: may I walk In re\'iew, the workers under :-l RA "No," !laid Ellen, "he's not; but if he with you?" aaid Eileen, hal'e hoth gained and lost. To the totally keeps up his presentpaCi! he'U lIQO n bE> the " 111 be highly honored if yuh will," uno'1tanil:ed, underpaid. brow-beaten said ';Slim." wout old woman gossip in the town!" worker. the fact that some authority Dinn"r flnishf'd, "Slim" and Casey ad­ "Well, good-bye, rolks," said Eileen. had been establillhed to hear his use, journed to a ('ouple of chairs on the front as, with a farewell wave or their hand~ ha. gh'en him a ~limpse of what he por(,h while Ellen and Eileen deared the !.he and "Slim" I tarted down the street. might obtain were he organized, It Casey gazed rondly after them all he established for these groups minimum table and washed up the dillhe~. wages and maximum hour;o. For em­ "How's the boy! makin' out thel'e days; said: "That boy 'Slim' i. a line, clean­ all workin'!" aaked Casey. living young fellow; 1')1 bet you wouldn't ployeea in these group~ who were get­ run across a finer lookin' couple on the ting ('omparatiYel, high wages. it has "'\'e're lucky," wu the answer. whole continent." reduced their houl'1l but also reduced "We're all workin' on full tinle, which is "You're LIlking in II lot ot territory, their pay, The tendency for higher Ih'e days a week, and with our 'closed paid employees has been to' a reduction shop' agreement just signed up again but I believe you're right at that," said of pal' toward the minimum. things look a lot brighter t.han they did Ellen, And then, with the far_aw ay look or And what hlls the organi1.ed worker awhile ago, But, of ,"ourse, we can't seen? His hopes and llspiflltions were tell how long the work will hold out, I 'd one who would peer into the dim, misty hate to have to move on aRain, (or J like tutUf(', IIhe hid (liowly, " 1 wonder--" dashed as soon as code~ began to be uta.blished. He found that his repre­ this town an' I never worked with A But she left the sentence uncompleted. finer bunch or fellowil-nol a grouser senlath'es were not only not in\'ited to ('ommittees for the formation of ('odea, among thenl. I'w! seen one grouser bust up a whole RRnl(. The boya have a good, MEASURING THE WORTH OF NRA but they we re bllrred, Some workers Ih'e local union an' keep their ('a rde paid TO LABOR miJCht think that this is not ~o. but if you doubt this, look at the names of up," ICnntJIIlIrd f.",n l'al:l' ~~~l IIny rode I!!tabllshing authoritiel<. See "Yes," agreed Casey, " I floated all And so 1933 arrives. We lind that o\'er the ('()ntinen t in me younger daya if you can find a labor rt!pre ~entative our thinking proce!lSes must be reno­ fllIIOnpt them, an' the boys here just about outdass any vated. We cannot ('ontinue to pla(,e gang I iver worked in. I lIure worked What ('ode authorities do I)ermit labor \'alues in terms of dollars and cent..!!. reprellentath'ea to do is to attend open in some heJl·roarin' gangll in me time. Wealth, after all. ill measured in human Some av thim used to apend all their hearinp pertaining to the questione of resource!', raw mRteriRls and industrial wlKes and houns. In the fight to estab· spare time em lltyin' IIChooners. They equipnlenL With continuously mount­ was hard workers, hard drinkers. an' !iah high minimum wage scales and low ing unemlllo)'menl, the 30-hour week maximum hours, organized labor repre­ hard fighters, They had their dayan' must be eventually enacteil into law, passed on an' another (l"'neration has sentatives have the battles of their u­ At this time, we also li nd wage cuts r eers. Arrayed against them are the taken their pla('ell," on the incr ease, With the wage reduc­ " Well, now," a!!ked "Slim," "with so best legal and economic brain~ that this tions, we get a lowering of prices, more country has produced and that money mu('h more leisure on your hands, how buainess liquidation. a gradulll lowering do yuh I)ut in the time!" can marshal. Do you wonder why it is of levels of busine!\., and Ih·!ng. We find that we get such low minimum wages that there are 4,500 banks atill closed find such high mO'l(im um hOUN. written which hold 10 per ('ent (or four billion into codes! "Well, ['m bu~ier now thlln i\'er was, dollars) of the country'a depositors' Now look al the organization efforts T work in 1111' gllrden all forcnoon, doin' money frozen, of tht' working masses. In order to stop odd jobs. all' after dinner I meander to With the inKuguration ot Preaident employees from organizing into union~ the public library an' read what the lead­ Roosevelt on Mar('h 4, 19 33, we get our of their own, every de\'ice thus rar in' maga7.inCB have to say for an' agin bank holiday. From that linle on we known is used to intimidate and di~sua d " the N RA, But, oh boy! I:I.! SCIon as the !let aelion, Fo!' the first lime aince the ('mliloyees {rom JOllllng real labor \VORK~: R nrriveK I drop everyt.hing el ~e, depression began, we flnd industry unions, This has brought the necessity for it's ~"()t thim .. 11 bellt. I jusl got this 8lightly improving and workers begin­ of putting teeth in the NRA, Pl'cei uent April number thi~ morning, lin ~lIy, I ning to go back to work. We lind hope UOOllt'\'elt, urged by emplo}'en thll.L no lnke me hat oil to some IIV thim wimmen, und faith reinstilletl with the new lead­ ne ce!l~i ty exist! for the "teeth," was Mrs. Herr iek, Mary Vnn Kleek, an' ership and promi Ke d New Deal. We find r('ady to put them on the shoell. The Josephine R()(' he, The editorials, the the fint IIttcllipt at e('onomic !)1tlnning "teeth" are WagnCI:'& bill to prevent press secretary letters, an' lead in' wrilers with the fonnulation and. panal'e, by labor di!putes, 316 The Jo urnal QI Electrical Workers and Operators July, 1994

With bloody culmination of some of Bethlehem-Cuba Iron Minea Company Electric Power and Ligh~ Corporation the strikes in Minneapolis, Toledo, San - President and di rector. Director. Francisco, elc., we find the powers that Bethlehem Mines COl'J!oratlon- Prcsident Georgian Manganese Company, Ltd.­ Dlrettor. i)(! realite that something muSl be done and director. immediately to relieve the co nstant Mahoning Ore and Steel Company- Pres­ Guaranty Company of New \'ork­ ident and director. Director. threat of more bloodshed. La bor is grad­ C'int National Bank of Bethlehem. Pa.­ and t ruatee. 6. Social ]llanning for continuous Director. Cuba Company-Director . Nfttional Carbide Com pliny- Director. employment. Mad[all. I'll ul Bethlehom Steel Company- Vice presi. National City Bank. New Y o rk - Diru~t"r. dent. Nat ional City Compnny- Direct or. New York Edllon Company- Member of WHO IS STEEL? GRE AT F IR MS, Killman Steel Corporlltion PreBident 1111(1 dir ector. the executive committee lind director. DANK.CONTROLLED Mar8hall, Cha .les D. Remington Arms COm llll n}" Incorporllted - Director. (Conth,ued (rom pll!:" :!'fIj) American Iladiator and Standard Sanitary Corporation-Di rector. United Electric Light lind Power Com· pany-Member of the e)[ecu tive commit · Drexel and Com pany, Philadelphia­ Cranite City Steel COmpany- Director. Partner. tee and director. Hu"h u-Fou lkrod -Dire~tor. And 26 other compnn lc • . Etna Insurance Company- Dlrettor. Kopperl Company-Chairman of Board Shick, I-' rederlck A. First Secu r l t~· Company of the cit.y of and director. New York- Director. Untermyer. A I .. ln Nntlonlll Enameling and Stamping Com. Central Theatrea Leulng and Conltruc­ International Men:antile Mnrine Com­ pany- Direetor. pany-Director . tion Company- Direclor. Union Shipbuilding Com"any-Di~ctor. Crowell Publishing Complln~·-Direeto r . Metropolitan Opera and Rea! Estate Com· U. S. Clan Company -Di rector. pany- Director. Forly·fourth St reet Realty Corporation l'II cl'll alh, n obert E. Direetor. J . P. Morgen and Company-Partner. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation­ Pullman Company-Diredor. Andrew ]o'reedmlln lIome - Chairman Vice president. secretary and director. IInllnrp rnmmittrl' nnd director. l'Il organ, Junl'fa S. ( MorKan I'lIrLu~r). Bethlehem Steel Company-Vice presi. Cha mber of Commerce, State of New General Development Company- Director. dent, aeeretary, and director. Guggenheimer and Untermyer-Partner. York- TrU8urer And three other corporlltionl. D~el and Company, Phlladelphia- Keasto Corporation- Director. Murphy, GraYllO n, AI. I'. Partner. Ludlow Valve Manufacturing- Compan}'- Am 'ri~.n l ee Company- Director. General Moton COl'J!o ration-Director. Dir"dut. J. P. Morgan and Company-Partner. Jo'Uth Avenue Bu ~ Securities Corporation Pierce Oil Corporation- Director. New York Stock El[change-Memher. - Prelldenl and dirulor. Pierce Petroleum Corporat ion-Director. 1'Il o.rillO n, Thorn .. Goodyear Tire and RUhber Company- Publication Corporation-Director. Int.rnatlona! Nickel Company of eRn­ Director. Rosiclare Lead and Fluor Spar Mining ada, Ltd.-Director . Intercontinental Rubber Co.- Director. Company-Director . Roberta, Percl .. a l, Jr. National Aviation Corporation Director. Sindalr Consolidated Oil Corporation­ Pennlylvaala Railroad Co.-Director. United States & f'oreign Securities Cor· Director. poration- Director. And lE other eom~niea . No. II Compan,. No. III Comp,,- n ,. Polter. Wil liam C. Be lhleh e m S l eel Co rpor a ti".. American Rubber Produeen. lncorporalcd Re publie S t eel Corporllt ion - Director. ~ DirectoTt American Securities In .. esting Corpora_ Diroctora Sch wab, Charles M. (Chairman of the tiu"- Dir,,etur. Board). Atchilon, Topeka &; Santa Fe Rail .... a)· Clrdler, T. III. (Chairman of Board). Amuiun Iron and Steel Inatitute­ Company-Direttor. Trumbull_Clilh Furnaee Company­ Chairman of board. Agricultural Produch Corp.- Director. Director. Columbia Gu and Electric Corporation­ Ch .., Nltlonal Blink of the tity of New U.ookeB. John S ~ J r , York- Director. Director . Ameriean Li j;{h l and Traetion Company Iron and Steel InBtitute of England­ Contlnentll Baking Corp.- DIrector. Vice pre,ident, member of the execu. Honorary vl« pre~ldent. Continental ,Me)[iran Rubber Company- ti .. e eommittee and director. Metropolitan Life In ~ u ranu Company­ Director. Continental Gu and Electric Corporation Director. Cont;nenul Oil Company Director. - Director. Rent, Quincy Electr ic Bond and Share Company­ I1arblaon_Walker Refnclories Company­ Bu ck, CharieR A. Director. Director. Bethlehem-Ch ile Iron MineB CQmpan),­ Electric Bond and Share Securities, In· Pith burgh Parking Garages, Incorporated President lind director. corpo rated- Director. - Director. July, 1984 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 317

PIU.• burgh Steel I'oundry Companr ident and director. American Iron and Stul In.Utute- Dlrettor. Con.ume ..· Ore Company I'ruident and Director. Roydon C.dillllt· LaS.lle Compa"y director. Bank of Weirton l'rl"lident and director. Dirfflo •• )1. A. Hanna Co.1 .nd Dock ('ompany Conlume .. Ore Company-Dir«tor. United Light and I'"wer Company Vit;'t Director. Edp"'atu Steel Company ·Dlr«tor. prlllidnt, mt'mbu of the t" .. cullv," ~1. A. lIannll ('omllany Prelldent and Fidelity Trust Compan,.-Dir«tor. committee and flnante t'Ommiuee and director. Great Lalres Steel Corporation' ·Director. dirKto •. La Belle Steam, hip Company Director. Hanna Furnaee Corporation (New York) l.'nll<"d !.ight and najh.'.,. ("ompa,,)­ "'Iahoning Steam_hip ('ompan)' Dlreelor. -Director. Director. ~alional Steel Corporation- -Ch.irman ex· Hanna Iron Ore Company· Director. U. S. Electric Pown Company Director. ecuth-e committee director. Midwtlt St"el Corporation-Chairman of Bruct', J am!'11 Producerl Steamlhlp Compan)' Prul­ board and director. B.ltimore Trust ('omllan)' I're, ident. dent and director. Weirton Co.l Company-Director. Ch .... National nank (Amulun F.:rpreu S\lsquehanna Collie.iu COmpan)' Vice Weirton Steel Company Chairman or Branch) )lembt'f adviaory committee. pruident and director. board and director. ellie.lfG, ito(k 1. land &. I'"cine RaiiwII," And 16 other tompanies. And 17 other compan ...... COnlJ'''''" Dlredor. ~I a th " r . William C. III l lr, ... W. C(nnrner.-iftl Credit ('ompany Dlrector_ CI""'elllnd &; Mahonlng Valley IillilrOlld An'ericlln Life Insurance Com pany Fidelity 8:. Gun'lInty Fire Corporation Director. Director. Director. Cleveland-Cliffe Iron C0I11111U1), I'reel. Cl"ntrlll Weill Cilluaity COI1l ,mny, Detroit lIb.y!lInd ('1I~lIl\lt)' ('omplI"Y Director. dent and director. - J)lrector. Southern Rankers Securities ('0'1'0'111\0:1 Corrlgall, McKinney Steel Com plu,y lIIichlgan Ilell Telephone Co mpany -OlrcctQr. Chulrman and dirc~tor. Director. United I'orto lt1eG SUlI'nr COmpllny First Natlonal Ilnnk of AllCer Counly. Alld ~I~ht other tompanie$. Chnlrnuin and prnldent. :'Ilunilinll'. Mich. I'ruldent and di­ ,,'alk, '\laurlce U. S. &. Uritiell Inhrnntlonal ('orporll~ion rector. FIITmer, Dl" pollt National BKnk- Director. -Director. Gwinn (Michigan) State SnvinKI Bank Farmen Deposit Trust Co.- Director. Wayne P\lnw Company-Director. President and director. Uelhlnce Life Insurance Company --- Cooper. Urll..,. W. Kell)' 1IIIInd Lime and Tranlporl Com. Di rector. COOpc!r. Kerr &. Dunllam- Partner. pany- Director. Weirton Steel Company-Direetor. Inhrnalional tlu.lntll Maclllnu Corpor- Lake Superior and Ilhpem!ng Rallroa(1 And five olher eompaniu. aUon· DireUor. Company-Pruident and director. Fink. Geo,..e R. Emanuel. \' Iclor Lo .... Volatile Coal ('on.pan)· Viee preal­ Greu Lakt!l Steel Corporation President Alemco Company· President and director. dent and dir~tor. and Direetor. Amberly Invellment True!. Ltd. Director. Otis Steel Company Chairman .nd Cuardlan N.tional Bank o{ Commeree or Conlolidated S«urltln Corporation of direclor. Detroit-Director. Delaware-Pruldent and diredor. Union Trust Company. ('levl"land­ Union Guardian Trust Co.-Director. Cornell Inn Corporation-Director. Director. lI anna. Howard M. Duquune Light C:ompany-Dlredor. O ..leba,.. Crispin ~1. A. lIanna Company-Chairman of Emanuel &. Company-Spedal parlner. Central United N.tional Hank of Cleve­ board and dir«tor. Albert Emanuel Company-I)ruldent and land-Director. lIanna Iron Ore Company or Delaw., director. Columbia Steamship ('ompany I'resident Director. Loullville Cal and Electric Company­ and direc:tor. Nallonal BiHuit Compllnr-Director. Director. National Blink of WUI Virt'lnlaal Wbeel­ Produce .. Stum.hlp Comp"ny J)irector. Philadelphia ('ompany-Member of th ... ing Director. Union TrUlt Compllny-Director. e:recutive commlUee and director. Whee1in~ Stel"l Corporlltion Direetor. And four other companies. Securili .... Corporal Ion of Newfoundland. And 16 other companil"l. IIumphr.. ,.. Georg.. M. Ltd.- I'resldent and director. Seho"UI

318 The Journal of Electl'ieal JVorkers and Operators July, 1084.

II rnln,\ (It ~O .I~y~ In hOllnr a".1 ",~",(l . y fIf (,,,. IJ,(llhrr ~:"J:tne 1"100"'11"'11 AI(ho\)l'h )-''''"1: In ytarij ~",t In tt":mb~r8b lp • • Ilr",hr r.,,",,', 1I1110nls", wll~ """{'r In ,Itlnt,1 • • N."I It.· "H". , hl._ ... ,1 /I dUI)· Iml'O)lI~d "1'1'" ... IN MEMORIAM ... hln' III ~ rf'I:nro l ror II tlen,la,n", ~I m~II ",,~, • • I.. II~ "~fIr 1,(O.f.""1 U (I"~ ..",,\, 1 •• It. T h.· • • .OUrlll! ~ho .... I,,· mI88 ~,1 ",,,> m('('lh,,, ",1011., wnrklnl< In ,""." In III lb.· y ..... r ~ hIs lI.nw II •• 1N'~~ II 10 .. 1,1rued .~lmtJ:,h ly GOd. In Whe.e... It lou plelli:ll'd Alullghly God. In hl~ 0',.,' IPlh II"" I"ked nil fU(lnJ "r "nyou, III. InRnl!,' ,,1 •• h,lI(, ,<> ('lIll '.CIIII (lilt m!ol~t III, 'nllnlte .... IBdom, to remOI'1l f.om ou.mldSI '.lIt ",•• t ll l Uro~\je r , ~;Lllb. WIUI."'~()II: .. ntl OUr "6tl!l'm('d a,ul worthy IIrOlhcr, OIl¥ld e rlA S ) .\IA[ :>0:-11':1. 1.. It I, ,,-lib u e@ I' ,orrow lh~1 "'(> mOurn the )1~lmbo . t;:: "'I(I Reco.,l1nl: :-I .....elll ..· I" .. (Or thiS U'Olh".: tben!fore I.>tt It Wtot-.eas I .~III 1',,1 (1 " :"0. II or Ihe I nte.nl IIHnEn'd. TI,U Ihe meml>erR or 1.(>(',,] rolon lI(1nll 1J.0Ibc. hood or ~: I <'!eulell Wo.k.. . /I, hl8 :So_ 30\1, I. IJ. I:l. W .• extend 10 lbe ("mil)' Mud lou. In Ibe dUth of Il.ol-her Mal",lIorll", nn... JOleph Ahe." . L. U. No. 567 ."lath"e. of ou r late BrOlhH ElIlh" Willl,m­ ot I'. ~ool hH_ h(' I'{·nl 10 Ih~ flml1y, ~ eo",. I'...... d on (,nr Con,mllu-e. • N'I'Y hi> '1''''1,1 "', Ih.· mlnu"... nf nu. I.Mal .N',-,.d~. aoll • eO I)Y III'nl !(I II". ,I"... nftl fl'r 1'"lon No. fl .•,,11 ...tlp¥ h~ ..."t to II, ... om("lal 1'11"11<".11(111, .ntl be It furtlu!r ,In,,.,,,,1 of nu. 1I."lh".lIon,1 fn. Il1Ib1l(O.,lon 1t~'\'ln·'1. eharl~r f'T V. L . Matlu,w., L. U . No. 40 Thill nur I... ,J.apet! n.\:'" )I,\S'\ISG_ ~ 1'1'.1",1 nf 30 ".:tl_ .lflnN I.A"I"'\G_ WlIh a ~In",.f ff'{'LLng of 10 ••0'" an~l n'f:.('! IIARI:" ~1.ATF.It • A. Y. I:;.\GI.I-;~, • ,\... . tI,(, lou an~1 1' ...lnl: of on. 11.0111 .... ('(lmmUII'f". (". A . SMITH. \. 1._ )1alll".... , II I. the ..uhf of IhI~ loul ltonAC I: I'm.TO:-:. un.on In ",xP"'u nur sympalh,. In • bllmbl" ("ommltt.'(-'. \Ur: Ihe.~fote Ilf It R"'ol.-('d. Thlt the eondolenN-S of Ihll or· Cha.les Riley. L. U . No. 151 Iflnlullnn llf ('''I~n.lt"d 10 Ihe t.mlh· ami frl~n'I. or U.olher )1.lh"' ..·.: aud Ilf It {u.Ihe. Wh.. ~u II h.~ 1.1 ...... 11 Ahlll\lhl,. GOd. In Fred Smilh, 1- U. No. 348 lIe~oh('d. That ou. ('harle. be dupro for a III. IDHoltc wl~,'''m_ 10 ("III f.tlm our 101'''1 !'f·.lotl of 30 dl)·~. In n'!1Ife1 .n,1 m~mors 10 "tI. WOt'h~ ",,,mhH ot Lo\-.I j'''lnn No. 1~1. II I, .... ltll oIf+p ~OfrO'" anti f'<'I/r.'1 111.1 "". "U' ,Itp•• led lI'nlh... : ."d .I~n he It fu.lhe. 1_ 11, E. W .• 11.0111(0 . ('hl.ltos Illle.... "" In ,h" ""·.,,llf'u or 1.(1('11 I.'nlon ,",II, 3~'l I. B. I: 1t"~Oh·fd. Tha' • toP,. of Ihfee n'lnlutloa, 1,1, du,h ,h,. lorlll Ion 1011 a 10,.11 membe.; \\" mon.o !l,e I""~ (I( • 'tue ."11 Iny,,1 "'O."'f•. I,,· ""'0...... In nu . mlnules.• 1'01" I~ !leDI '''~N' fn. e \.I(' It Iltllllter I-"te<1 IImlth ,n Ih.. Jou.n.1 for omdal pn"lIfllion Ind I IIfOlohed. Th.I '''I' memberl of thl, locil 1I .... ol'·ell. Thll "'1' "'''Iellll uu. ,lneen' ,sm· .. np), bt> , .. nl til Ihe berea~e" f.mll,. of On. 1r"1"(01,,· "'''IPa,1 '0 tI, .. ,...1.tl¥('1I. 'htol. hear'· 1>"lh,. 10 hi. tf(o teavl'(! 10\",,1 I"'~' In !I,('I. ,1, ,,'.I.d 1I.(llh(O • . frli H mp.tby ill tbis tbel. bOtlr of ~orrow: .Iut 11(11,. nt ,,,r,o .... Ind IrUI! Ill,,)" will I" I:XF.('I1TIV.: IlOAUn OF" I. t· N(l 40 anti further "n'lI!:'III"'D~d ... llh oll r eondol~n('f" I"d lilt AI. ~PF.F.O£. n ,,~olvNI. Th.t • ~I\"" of th~ .esolutlonl IIno..-led,..e Ihll he I, rdu~1 f.om lIuO"e.ln~ 1lH'(I.dim, ~ .... ~tarr. , ... fo.wI.dt<1 to Ihl' r l"l.ll~e •• Ind Ihat ou r lI~ol\"em. 1I11~ ' .. mo...... f.(lm our ,,,lib. nUr f'· E. P. Kitlridge 1.000.00 'e<:".n ...1 "",1 "-0.1 10,. IIro.hH, )I!~II .... I J. )lal- Eugene Thomp.on, L. U . No. 301 G )lartin __ 1.000.00 1(1'" ."d " H. WhrN'lI_ In Ih~ .It llih . II. I. II E. W., II". 111.1 on.. 1"~t'''Nlon~ of til<" I' ""~I u"l"" I" n'JIO.t ,II ... 213'" HII""\'\ L. McDermott 1.,000.00 (,f u. t.ue ""d (I ,,~ole d ",,,,,,,lit .. : be II ,'nulnl(" or M .... ""I",lou ftl 'h" lut . elt"' •• Ihp.rfll«! '''~II''~, '1'111. II Ihe lint , 301 Tot .. 1 $16.650.00 I" t:' . ~n' In~. In IIle IIBuln!:' of lI.nrlle. )It.l· 1"b... fe!loluU"" U Mp ...."d up(ln lilt ml",,'''. In .. lin" he. e"" "x"r('~"e~ I" " ,,,,.(,r)n,lon Of I~: ute I~ ~u~h ~ fee!.> 11' 11",1". bu.nln.,: hI. ,.,,,,,11'('_ 'Il th" rillS" Of our IlrOlllr"H'O(I : brll:btl .. \n(18~', 1101'11 ot a emilIe" It I, lionf'. Withoul rr~~ s pee~h no ularch for trut h I~ Hnd II" U tU.lllfT J.N nu. III/hi ~n ,hln... bt-fQM' mrn Ihlll 'n It p,n l~pd . 'I'hat l.f'IC:,,1 "nlon Nn. II t",nden U,~mMy ",\II II"I,I~ n,,· wa'y ~,.... 10 'he "/l"hl poulble: without Cree speo>eh no discovery of II. J .. mp"lhy It) Ih(" rarn!l.v (If our I nl~ "'(I(h!'. Thl. w~ eftn 8fty fo. I!rnlhH n tu". wllo hR" tru,h ta uuf ul; without free ."eeeh progreu In Ih(Ol. lime or Krellt be . eft~Cl)lcnl: An;! h" p8~"~d ~Il hlf II'Cft' r('",.. rd Ifl, ~n""8el I n" I. checked lind the natio nl no 101lger mH.fl. II r".ll,,,. rr1"f" I ~lIl p ",111 hI' "I",-"",.fl:t UlI~"'( I b:o- th~ nr ~"h· .. d. Thnl n ropy of th~1l .eoolutlon8 Ulf'mbt".s (If I ,,,,ell/ 1l~lon Nfl, !l01. I. I!. ':. W forWArd lowllrd the nobler life which 11If' j", ~I'''1 !o Ih~ fp'"U .... uf U8l"- diu In " d.)". but Ihe n. A. :.tAN~ING. I", ~enl to hilt flllnll.y. ~ (On,," , ".eM,1 UI"''' dcntlll 5Ia~'a tljf, liCe of the "eople. andllt'JI· J(lIl", I.A m'INn. II", tIIln"t~~ 8U'. ft '~fl l"" ~~nl 1(1 lhe J nn.nnt tomb$ Ihf hope of tht '&ce.-Ch4r,1.f. IJAURY !-;1.A'r l·:H. fn. lUl hllellll(ln : hr ·\, '"nHH .... o"'",ltree. n~.olve.I . ·!' Ion t ""r ,'''Art ... h~

RADIO COMPANY UNIONS EXPOSED gard to the fornlalion of an Ilssoc:iation warded by the electrical standard. com· TONRA • of the engineering personnel. The asso­ mittee of the National Fire Protedion (COlillnul'd tnlm pall' :!81) ciation membership may include super­ Auociation, which committee Is an visors providing they are not in execu­ autonomous body. DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: In the tive capacities. 2. The standard method of distribut­ end i t was In the nature ot a loan from "Since the mnjority of stations have ing electric current f or domestic and the company. as yet to form an associstion and their commercial use is: from a higher ten· MR. SPEARS: More or ley. president being unknown, we trust that sion pole line in street through a step· DEPUTY FARNSWORTII: Were you will bring this letter to the attention down transformer to 220 volts (two 110.. these men on their own lime or com­ of the engineering department by post· volt circuits) usually with two hot wires pany time while they attended the ing in a conspicuous place (or all to and a third wire as a neutral, this neu­ convention T observe." tral wire being grounded to the water MR. SPEARS: I believe the men came DEPUTY FARNSWORTD: To whom service pipe to the premises where avail­ in on the company time. That was pro­ was this sent! able, and through this water service pipe vided for by the Assodation in contract­ MR. SPEARS: The chief engineers of to a grid formed of all the water mains Ing for the men to go in on company the stations. We did not know just who under the streets. By reason of this time. the members were, or the heads of the large grid any current which may fl ow • • • local associations by name, and so wo over a nyone of more neutrals. either Paid By Company, Too asked that it be poated for all to observe, accidentall y or becnuse of unbnlnnced t will continue: circuits, will tend to become balanced as DEPUTY FAR~SWORT J-I : Are you "It is with sincere trust and under­ of all neutrals connected to the whole on your own time at this hearing or are atanding between ou r renowned Presi­ grid, Where no waler service pipe you on the company's timeT dent, Mr. Paley, and the New York Asso­ ex-ista. neutrals are artificially grounded ltfR. SPEARS: 1 am on the company's ciation of Engineers that we proceed to pipes driven in the ground or in some time. Expenses coming down and trans­ without futher delay the drawing up of Instances to well casings and the like. portation are taking care of by the Asso­ an agreement between the individual The above methods of gTounding circuits ciation, and also the hotel. Thil is under aasocialions and their respective stations from pole line to building arc now per­ the collective bargaining ag-reemcnt of the Columbia System. mitted by the Nationnl Electrical Code. which provides for that. - - - "In order to accomplish this it will be­ There seems to be some justillcation for DEPUTY FARNSWORTH : If a man come necessary that at least one and not the claim that even this arrangement is is dismissed, the reason for his dismissal more than two men be chosen and given wrong and never should have been per­ is a subject for arbitration. full authority to mnke decisions at the mitted, We arc for thc present con ­ MR. SPEARS: Absolutely. forthcoming meeting to be held in New cerned with grounding to water pipes MR. WOOD: Does he become il non· York City the week of May 14 , 1934. and/or gas pipes, only. mcmber ? "Other busine81 open for discussion 3, A subcommittee of the electrical MR. SPEARS: If the decision is made wilt be: standards committee has been charged that he ill fired, there ill nothing fUrther "1. Constitution. with the duty of reporting to the main we can do about his particular case. "2. Inter-assodation agreement. co mmittee on the desirsbility of extend­ DEPUTY FARNSWORTH : The de­ "The trip to New York City, including ing the principles to circuits inside build­ cision by whom? leave of absence, transportation and hotel ings. At laat information this subcom­ l\ffi. SPEARS: By the arbitration facilities is being provided by the mittee has made a report neither for nor board. mnnagement. against and the subcommittee had been DEPUTY FA RNSWORTH : Does he "Please forward your acceptance to further charged to report to the mnin retain an honorary membership in your MR. L. N, HATFIELD, commil.tee what changes would be neees­ organization similar to the one in Secretary-T reasurer, lary in the code to so extend the prnc­ Mr. Merryman's organization, or does ASllOCi ation of Engineers, ticc. This latter instruction seems to he cease to be a member of your Atlantic Broadcast. Corp., indicnte possibility of determination on organi:l.ation? 485 Madison Ave., the part of the main commitu-e. to act MR. SPEARS: He ceases to be a mem­ New York City." without a further and more favorable ber until at such other time he can find MR. NOCKELS: Is that in Wash· recom mendation from the subcommittee. employment with another member in the ington? Now, in all the deliberations of t his National Auociation, if such is possible. MR. SPEARS: No, in New York City. eleetrical standards committee and its • • • DEPUTY }o'ARNSWORTH: Have you subcommittee. the plumber, who is thp MR NOCKELS. Have you a copy of a copy of Mr. Runyon's memorandum! installer and the guarantor of the integ­ that caU! MR. SPEARS: t do not have it at rity of water piping and/ or gas piping MR. SPEARS: Yes, I have. This ill hand. systems, has not been considered either from t he office of the president of the DEPUTY FARNSWORTH: That wss individually or through his orgnnization, Association of Engineer!! of the Atlantic to the-- the National Association of Mnster Broadcasting Corporation, 483 Madison MR. SPEARS: (Interposing) Station Plumbers. nor have a ny of the questions Avenue, New York, under date of May managers. involved been referred officially. 7, H134, and it reads : !'tIR. NOCKELS: What date was that! The plumber (collectively) is quite "Dear Sir: This letter is sent you fol­ MR. SPEARS: This letter! within his rights in inquiring, "By what lowing the memorandum which you no MR. NOCKELS: Yes. authority does a purely electricsl com· doubt have received from the office of lrn. SPEARS: l lay 7. mittee presume to legislate for another Mr. Runyon--" industry without consent? Why should MR. NOCKELS: Mr. Runyon's office! the electrical wiring trade use a water MR. SPEARS: Yes, Thi, was lent out MASTER PLUMBERS VETO BARE or gas pipe as one side of its circuit in after we had communicated with Mr. NEUTRAL order to make a slight 88\'ing in original Runyon and asked him to co-operate with wiring costs, to the possible detriment of (Cout1l1ued from p."t ~) the piping or huards to users of it Ilnd "'.MR. NOCKELS: Please read that in outside of buildings. The 1033 code workers on it!" the record. nllowed some few special grounds inside 4. The proposed "bare neutral" . ys­ MR. SPEARS: (Reading): "This let­ of buildinge. It wns nnd still is pro· tern might be a nyone of several forms ter is sent you following the memoran­ p08ed that the 11)35 code permit practi­ of construction, such as

320 The Journal of Elech-ical Workers and Operators July, 1984 without. a hare neutral, thus making the pound betweeo threads on p ipe and fit­ fore lhem and present ita cue if, and when, steel conduit itself t.he neutral; (c) an ting; by rusting of these threaded joints; aueh a resolution i. under consideration. insulated wire bound with metal in the and by the introduction of composition It i. the recommendallon of this committee that sl,Ich a resolution be pan ed at this con­ (orm of a shcath---either bound wilh nipple. , The current carried there has vention but helitate. to preBeat one of Itl steel wires in the form of a cable or t he snme potential as the sum of all the own which might not cover all poinll raiaed simply sheathed with thin copper in the resistances set up. by tho.e to be submitted by the aevcral IUl te same manner that a cable is sheathed If a pipe us",d as a neutral should be allot'lalions. with lead-the Ilheathed wire being run cut 10 inaCrl Il flUing, B flUinl' be broken ou~ It. I~ thl' fur1hllf rlll:ommendation of this from box to box without conduit: and for repairs, a rueter be removed, or should committee lhat its work be continued (d) possi bly other arrangements. In IIny one of II dozen contingeneles, to be eJ[­ througb appointment b)' the incoming lid· peeled In everydllY maintcn..nce of plumbing, minl.irallon or anothcr similar committee. any of these proposed co nstructions it occur, then the whole force of the current ig intended to ground the conduit or the ill th" circuit is to be reckoned witb. t n Respectlully submitted, sheath to the water pi ping, the gas pip­ eltber of the nbovc ClllCl the current would A. H. MCGONL':GAL, Chairman. ing or structural members of the build­ jump t o any easier ground- by arcing JOItN C. DISTLE.!!. ing. Even without this artificial ground­ acrO Il to another pipe wbether gas, soil, FRANCIS C. DORSEY , ing connection, there are mRny points waste or vcnt, or to a building member, or LUT I! I:K II. CASKEY, where the bure neutral would be in con­ might pn u through a human body to the WfLI..lAo\t E. MILLER. ground. S l,Ich an a rc, If it occur in or near tact and the plumbing pipes or t he build­ "ny combustible may caule a deuructive fire. 62nd ANNUAl. CONVENTION ing members would take up t he job of The hazard to the human body depends on NAl'ION'AL A SSOCIATIOS 01' M ASl'Ell \·LUIoIRY.RB cnmplp.t.ing thp. lIeveral electrical circuits the complelt>n~ sJ of the grounll, th~ int.. nllity May 28 to 31, 1934 in the building. of the current. the eonditlon of the organ" 5. It is alleged that the proposed con­ of tbe ptr$(ln alfcc~d and other elementa, Ruolution No.4-Submitted by the New struction transfers four definite hazards lind may cau"" burns, ahock. or even death. J ersey Au ociation of :'t\IIte.r \'lumber.: to the plumbing system; (a) destruction o (e). See lauer portion or o (b). As ex­ Relolved. Thai with the exception of R of pipe through electrolysis; (b) fire ample.: Asaume a aheathed ... ire circuit grounded to a water pipe: A jumper at a BinKle ground wire connection between the hazard through arcing betwecn a pipe pull box broken ao that the Waler pipe be­ neutral wire of an electric light or pO""er used as a neutral and other building cornu the lole neutml; a pOwer circuit with service circuit and II water serviee pipe be· member s or other p ipes constituting a switch on but inoperative becauHl of tempo· tween the Waler mete.r and the water main better ground ; (c) hazard to occupants rary removill of water meter or other break in tbe street. or it no meter Ia In stalled, then of building and users of plumbing by on Recount of repail'8; II pUIGn not knowing at a point within 12 Inche. of the place passage of current through the body that water II off and in attempting to wuh, where the Baid ~e rvi c e pipe entera the build­ Illacn one hand on the faucet handle and ing. members or tM. organization ahllli Iler­ from one pipe to another pipe or build­ mit no ground or other electric wire lo be ing member; and ( d) hazard to plumbers the other on tbe drain pl ug while fumbling with the l topper; or a workman in replac· connected to any .tell m, hot water, Vllpor, when making repairs. ing the meter grasps buth pipo onda. sewer, soil, wa, te, vent, water or gal Ili r e 5a. "Electrolysis" is an nil-inclusive 6. Muntz metal or yellow brRIB pipe is in stalled by us, nor .hall an y grounding be word covering (in this sen se) destruc­ ued considerably in wator "upply piping, mlld o to any oth~r building member in $uch tion ot pipe by electrical means. The­ nnd there il considerahle lu])port for the ai­ • way that the . aid h~at!ng and/or plumbing oretically , whenever any electric current legntion thllt dezinelflclltlon tak.... place pipe~ . hnll be mad~ Ii part of any electric where ground wircs are atUlched making the li ght or power circuit or nny radio or bell carried by a pipe leaves that p ipe it car­ eircult. either directly or Indiredly, Inten- ries away with it some metal fronl the pipe porous. It is also alleged that diseolor­ ation lind odors result from elcctric conlacta. 1I0nnily or otherwlae; li nd place it leavell t he I, il'''' umJ long-conUIl­ 7. Probably, if everything remained Any such electric grounding connection ued flow of current and consequent flow normal at all times there would be no reason made Ihllll operate to nullify Rny Rgr«ment o f metal destroys the pipe. This is for apprehension; but electrie light and or .ruarantee, expreaaed or implied. u to the wholly true in the case of direct current. power circulla are frequently out of balance, In tegrity of our in~tsllationl and their ca re It has been customary in the past tc rcohtancCII arc more or leu bound to be &at or maintenance; and be It further consider that alternating current! do not up at the joints in gill and water pipes, R~ Bo lved , That copteR of lhia r uolution be jumpen Ire liable to be broken. grounda are transmitted to the NAtional Anociation of flow and therefore do not cause electro­ MllIter Plumbers for con.ideration and IC' lysis. This h as been proven wrong, liable to become 1000sened, plumbing upain requiring temporary removal of Icclions of tlon at the coming nllllonal con"ention In While the effect is not t he same t here pipe or mete.ra are not infrequent, plumbing WaRhingtnn, anll tn th", IIf!vl' rlll plLimbing. is sufficient alteration in the metallic pipe. often maka a Iwingin&, co ntact with heating lind electrical trade periodieall. structure to ult imately destroy the pipe, other building membef1l, and there are dozen. Approved and recommended by the N. A. There seems tc be no r eason why the of contingencies which might or would dis­ M. P . resolution" committee "in so rar a. it plumbing pipes should be deteriorated turb the normal comlitionl. AI Itlted prevl· applle. to ph'lI)bing and the work or n·Ul.ter oualy, a circuit with a baro or grounded plumbers!' and ultimately be destroyed merely to PA ued. a ccommodate lin industry that clln and neuttal cannot be satil fllclorily teate.d. 10 an s hould provide it.s own complete circuits. abnormal condition might well con tinue for mo nth. until disclosed by an accident- pipe Plumbers do not run water tc 0 sink NOTORIOUS PRIVATE POLICE IN !ailura, Ilr. or ~hoc k . through plumbing pipes and then dump This com mittee hIlS colleded a large num­ STEEL ET AL the waste from the sink into n n earby ber of reporb and held much correspondence. (ContInued from page 200) electric conduit and expect the electrician AlthOUg h some of theae report. are volum[­ to see that the waste ultimately r ea ches noua lind ~ore, of spccillc ClUet are covered (or use in labor disputes and in under ­ the sewer. it might be admitted that they a re lneon. cover work. Shalloo deeiares, as a fact 5b. Electric current flows by the easi­ elusive. obvious to all: est path. Unthinking persons might s ay Reporled c8le~ of injury or death could "The labor spy, trom whatever a "neutral" docs not carry current. This not be dlreetly traced nor fully l ub.tantiated. agency, is regarded, even by the com_ Color and odor change. In water are appar· is not true. It carries current but theo­ ently proved. Known Clle. of tire huard pany employing him, as one of the low­ retically without pressure or "potential" exist. Destruction of plpel la apparently est forms o f hum an life, morally --of the same m athematical value as t he proved. speaking." earth or ground. If it didn't, tbere would Several state muter plumber.' anocia­ Company police are not peculiar tc the be no circuit. As long 1£11 circuil.ll are tions have paued ruolutionl eondemning s tate of P ennsylvania; they fl our ish balanced ; as long as lamps and appli­ thi. proposed method of srounding and some wherever huge, labor-hating corpora­ ances maintain their resistance ; as Ion"! or aU will come before your relOlution. com­ tionll will resor t tc brute force to batter as insulation is complete, then the cur­ mittee for consideration and action. their workers down. A news paper man The following !tal.... have paued such Willi Rrre.<;U>oi l'N'l'ntiy hy company police r ent in a neutral remains lit zero, unlesa resolutionl and there mly be mot(!; Con­ there is Bome resistance set up in the necticut, Kentucky, North Carolina. New for "looking" at a steel plant in I ndiana neutral itself. S hould a water (or gas) Jeney. Rhode bland, Tennence, Virginia - from outside company property. They pipe be used for a neutral, resistanc(' and Wu t Virginia. took h im inside the fortifications. H e can be set up at the joints by joint. ('om- This committee will be glad to appea r be- recogni:r.ed the third degree pattern, kept July, 1931, The Jour nal of Electrical Workers and Operators 321

his head, and managed to establish his and financien, still, there are grave even the 20 cents. The French repudi­ identity and to avoid a beating. charges that they worked lor t hat end. ated the debt, and never paid it. Nowhere In his book does Mr. Shalloo In 1917, on the floor of Congress it was Right after the war we were paying say that Pennsylvania eompany police, charged that as I!ftrly as March, H1I7, 20 centa a pound for sugar, and it W ill or the system In Pennsyh·ania. are in the Morgan interests had organized and being rationed to us in this country. any way wone than in other industrial financed a huge propaganda machine, While this was going on the War De­ states. He has simply made a study of (or the purpose of "penuading" the partment sold 22.000,000 pound!! of this one state. The system is viciou!! American people to join the Allies. American sugar to France tor two cents wherever it shows ilselt. a pound. It would never do to ship that supr back to this country. DIRTY BUSINESS OF PROVOKING (It would repay the reader to write W A RS R EVEALED When President Wilson mnde his war to his Senator and request a copy of address to Congress. Wall Street replied, this Record. It contains additional (ContInued from I'.lft ~) "It was exactly right." Said Judge facts that enlightens one on the enor­ J. P. Morgon was said to have made Gary, of the steel trust, "it was 100 moull profi18 that are made by the tew more money in two years than his Cather per cent American." Frank Vanderlip, and the staggering cost that is borne by made in all hi' life. of the National City Bank, Baid, ';The the many.) speech breathes the true spirit of the Profi tt Ou t o f W . , American peoll\c." A r m a me nt Pre .. No Myth In 1915 the Allies established Ii een­ Hnrdly had the news of the break in Books recently published give tral purchasinR bureau in the United diplomatic relations ruched Wall astounding facts concerning t.he power States which soon spent on an average Street, when, according to the New and influence of international arms­ of $10,000,000 a day. These expendi­ York Times, "Wall Street wall bright makers. They were busy during the tures incrca.sed at a rate that made the with the Stan and Stripes floating from war. Their interest lay in prolonging year 1916 by far the most prosperous banks and brokerage houses. On the the war. The stock market was very in the entire history of American indus­ Produce Exchange, 300 brokers sang senlitive to peace talk. Every time the Star Spangled Banner, And Btocks try and finance. The enormous volume of neww o( peace W81 published the stock (oreign trade created something like a went up immediately." market quotations o( the arma makers shortage at home, and .. a result do­ The United States was in the war plunged immediately. In 1917 France mestic prices began to rocket. The from April 7, 1917, to November II, WAIl tired o( the war. Even the army golden harvest reaped (rom American 1918. During that period we spent 22 longed (or peace. This natural reaction pocket-books (ar outweighed the profita billions of dollan and loaned nine bil· to yean ot IIlaughter and superhuman from the traffic with the Allies. lion to the Allies. Just as important exertion was promptly labeled "defeat­ There was only one cloud on the hori­ tor Wall Street, was the ab!lOlute guar­ ism" and stem measures were takl!n to zon, the war might end. Every time antee of Allied credit by the American suppreu it. The paCifists shot by the there was talk o( peace, munition government. All the reckleu financing French during the war far outnumbered stocks went down from 5 to 40 per cent. of the war was now saved. the victim!! of the famous French Reign War had brought prosperity, peace A short review o( how our money was o( Terror. threatened to bring calamity. Gradu­ spent can now be studied with more dis­ Thi•• Ituation alarmtd the Fren~h arma· ally other worries began to trouble the cernment than wall polISible a few years ment pre... It ImmHliately branded tht en­ banken. Suppose the Germani won­ ago. In a letter dated August 29,1921, tlrl& movement for ~.ee as inspirtd by Ger­ what then! President Harding wrote in llart: "Our man. and paid for by German money. Thi. The Germans were making an aston­ government expended between five and waa ridiculous .IR~t the German. were con­ six billion dollars for the manufacture cerned In a dedaivt "ktory. ishing stand and in many waYI they had Then tht armament press took IInother a decided military advantage. Suppose of aircraft, artillery and artillery ammu­ atep to prolong the war. In ooth Germany the war IIho uld end in a stalemate! sup­ nitions. To show for this expenditure. and f'rllncl& tbere wa. auddenly an nutbreak pose a "peace without victory" should it has been omcially testified thllt less nf hnta.tie dulgna for annnuion. Tht be concJudl!d1 Thoughts like this made than 200 American made planes or 200 ruull of botb prell campalgna w.. to de· Wall Street sh udder. American finance American made cannon ever went into Itroy utterly all eft'orta for puce. Eaeh had placed ita bet on the A Hies to win action on the fighting (ront of the war. aldt professed fcar and terror at the other'. and the stakes were so enormous that while not more than 1 per c:e nt o( the planl for annelation. and both wert! Itlmu­ l.ted into {urther des~rltt effortl to carry none dared even think what might hap­ ammunition expended by American on the war. artillery, according to testimony, was of pen should they lose. A mod aignifl~ant and important phue of The terrible yean wore on. The seas American manufacture. Approximately tht World War wu tht widespread and con­ were crowded with vessels rushing sup­ three and a hal( billion dollars was lInuou. international trade in war maleriala, plies of all kinds to the Allies. Then poured out under the direction of the 'l'ven among enemy powers. another nightmare began to trouble Shipping Board, yet I have from the In 1916 Germany wal des~ratelr in need Wall Street. JIow were the Allies to War Department the curious bit of infor­ of r.ts. oil. and glYr'l'rine. Had an air­ pay (or these goods! The credit o( the mation that only one veSIICI built by the tight blockade been maintained ahe would have been com~lI~ to Mue for ~a~e before Allies was virtually exhausted. The Shipping Board ever carried anv Amer­ tht breakdown nf Ruui.. But Britilh mtr­ United Slates had grown (rom a debtor ican troops to fight in Europe. Thill was thant. lent aUC'h luppliu to Denmark. which nation to one of the grntest creditorH 1\ cargo boat. the Liberty, which, ac:cord­ were then reshipped to Germany. A Ger­ of the world. At the beginning of 1917 ing to the War Dellarlment records, in man ,tHI king. PoslIIlhl. had laetoriu in the Allies had nothing 1II0re to offer October, 1917. carried approximately 50 Sweden and Ru"la. Tht Sweden fa ctories than thl!ir IOU's. Some at the vast soldiers to Europe. Over one billion lent materials to Runia .nd were ulltd to loans already made were virtually unse­ dollars was expended on aviation up to Ilroduc e war materials for the Runi.n army. nUllnl'n must be maintained II usua!. cured and the announeement was BCtu_ June 30, 1919. yet not one American )-'rance Ihlpped chemical! for IlIplOilves nlly made that henceforth Allied loans bui lt aviation punuit plnne or combat and blluxite fer IIluminum to Germany. would be unsecured. No wonder Wall plane reached the front." through Switurland. And Germllny returned Street wa~ worrying. All those attrac­ According to the Congrl!Mlonal Rec­ the runr by shippin!t" hundreds of thnusllnds tive notes which it. held might turn out ord (March G, H134) our patriotic nt tona ot ateel and Iron to France. At to be just so many "scraps ot paper." American business ml!n were IIhipping Verdun the German troop. ran into barbed On Apr il G, 1917, the Un ited Statel goods to France for a year ntter the wire cntangleRlenla which had only twn entered the connict and the fears Armistice. 'Vhen the end ca mo we had mnnth. previOUlly heen shipped through at Swlherland by " Germnn factory. the war traffickers turned to rejoidng. over two billion dollars worth of ma_ Hnwever much Wt mllY be IhOl>ked with While it is not contended that the terials in France. The French govl!rn­ lueh brief exposur e- nn whllt goel on behind United Slates entered the World War ment took this stuft' over at 20 Cl!nts on the lunea in tlmt of war. and the force. IIOlely because of its armnment makers the dollar, but, unhappily. we nover got thllt help to ~relte war, the arms merehant • 322 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators July, 1994

looh at it differently. Aecordlng to hi, teresta will cease, and greater social ser· half its actual value in interest and light. he i, $impiy a bUline" man who lell. vice for the benefit of ali will result. dividends each year to keep up the hi. warn under prevailing bu~in"1 plllC­ The tenets of the Tennessee Valley ticu. The ulln to which hi' produetl are scheme of manipul ation and speculation put and the resulh of bl, tn.lIlc II r. IIPpaf. Authority are founded on that basis. by its officials. Small wonder that there ent!y no concern of his, no more 10 than Social service, through ftood control, was but a pittance left over for wag-ell. that of an automobile a,lesman. One Brltiah navigation and power developments are Small wonder. too, that opposition to manufacturn compared hi. enterprbe to its aims, A decent living which calls the Tennessee Valley Authority should that of bouse-furnl.blng compa ny, whkh for a decent wage is the basis of social be so great. went ao far lIS to encou rage matrimony tn and economic planning for all the people In reading this installment, may the .tlmu!.te more purehlH of hOll!le furnl.h­ in this territory. In fact the decent liv­ Inp. The arms maker feel! that he, too, I, utility workers awake to their responsi­ ing will be provided for in homes 80 juatilled In promotinl hi, own particular bility. and realize that "In union there brand of buslne... ultra modern that newspapers have de­ is strength." This strength will rescue Mili tary an.terists are agreed that ..... r scribed them as having conveniences the industry from the money changers strategy must be remodeled. The lut war which the White House at Washington and save it from itself, that it may truly nearly ruined the world through sheer wute lacks. If this is possible in a planned render service to the nation instead of of wealth and ,ubstanee. Another long .ar governmcntal utility project, it should exacting $16 in annual tr ibute for every would pauperize It utterly. The .yttema now be possible in the private utilities also. man, woman and child in the country planued i, to ctnter main attacks on the The financial poliry of the TVA which civilian population. of large enemy c:itln. with which to water ita stock, and pyra­ The weapon, to be employed, and the agen­ will be de-watered at the outset is bou nd mid its flnancial structures to unstable cie. of destruction to be adentillcally util­ to produce a profound effect on the in­ heights. ized, are beat left to the Imagination. dustry. All eWort must be made by labor On the basis of fact and reason this Note: The following bookl and pamphlelll to make this yardstick in the utility in­ analysis of the industry will continue are recommended for further Itudy: dustry truly a yardstick, for opposition in later articles. The statistics of the "Mtrc:h.nlll of Detth" (A atudy of interna­ to it is the chief aim of the private util. government and ot the industry itself are tional tratllc in arma). By H. C. Engtl­ it)' industry, brec:ht and F. C. Flnnig.n (Dodd, Meade its own indictment as to failure at "pub­ .nd Company). $2.50. lic service." TVA MarJ. ed " Iron, Blood and Profitt:' (An e::rpo!ure ol in Contra&t the world·wide munition. racket). By In contrast to this vast project in Ten­ George Seide! ( n arper and Brothers). $2.50. nessee let us glance at a utility not far D1AMOND-SHAPED BlJITONS "Arm. and the Men." Pamphlet printed by from there which was part of the utility To wear in your coat lapel, Doubllhlay, Do ran. Ollrden City, N. Y. An empire craRh mentioned in a previouR carl)' the emblem and in~ llIuatrllted pamphlet well worth lendIng issue. Its actual valuation was $2,600,- signla of the I. B. E. W. for. Price. 10 cenil. 000. Ita paper value was $17,500,000. Gold faced and hand- $2 so Copy of the Congreaslonnl Record-Mllrch Thus at 7 per cent it had to earn almost 80mely enameled...- • (I, 1934. Write your Senlltor lor a copy.

MORE STATISTICS OF UTILITIES ASTO UND MORE PRICE LIST OF SUPPLIES (Conllnued from ila~e 293) AD P Il~ . U a n DIll.""', DII. IOO ~ ______"'" .75 Led." •• loo.o-It .. r r utare h , In elu d ln.. lab, 111.00 Arre-. " Otllelal NaUce at. De r 100____ ... Led .." . ,,,,,,,to tu" ..b u .-., ~"r 100 .~___ .... Aeeou "t 8 1)0k, T . eaal1 . ~.·I ______, ... LaMie, .Mf- I ..I , per I(JO ______• ____ I.~ G ties in these same cities paid but 50 to UnlIOI Do_H. ~ach ______, ... I ..beli. I·"pf-. , per 100______., BuIlO" •• 8. O. ( ...ed lom) ______1.15 75 per cent of these wages. LaM' " I.. , ______1. 0"" .I~., tor hllPoe ",1.h,l', Pf-r .110 Button•• 11. O. (.rn •• ll) _~ ______, ... Bptton •• R . 0 ._____ .15 ObUptiall e ••"I, d Ouble. per doun ____ .11i Subterfulel Offered 8 n llon., (lull', R . 0., per p .. h . _____ 1.110 I'''per, Onida' Lel1n, per 100______.711 R,"ton. Oold"a<)e4I D1 . mond 8 hnped__ 1..110 Rltpala, .."'I .... ~ ,, ______~ One of the reasons given for lower Book, JIll no ... to. R . 8. ('m"I1 ) _____ 1.00 R ecf-I(lt Rook, "'lIpll""nll (100 ~ I (lt.)_ 11.40 Oook, ~ U nU I " '0. Jl. 8. (I ...... ) _~ ____ ••" R""",lpl Rook, AI>(l II"",," ('50 . ec..lph)_ 4.1ll wages in the utility industry is that the Book. O".J' ______1..110 R"""'tpl U...... , Al e mM.. (100 f1I«l pt.)_ ... Book. R Oll vall______1..110 Keeeipt Uouk, MemM... (1~ . eedpll)_ .... work is steady all year round. The util· C.. rboll t o . rec..IDt b .... .INI R~llli k.______eel,,'I) Uook______, MJlo:ella".,..ua ~______(300 __... 1,40 ity worker thus has to work all year for Ct."..... , ..... ,. ",h~l" 11101. lI,fH'I Ch... le." I)PDIlea. ...______1.00 less than his union f ellow worker makes ~l." n.,ok. MI..,,,II."1I01I1 ( 7~ .. e- in eight 10 months. That condition Compl"t.. r...oea. l Ch• • I". Oullll ____ U.OO eel"ll) 4.80 to Constitution, per 100______'1'.60 Reeeipt Oook, O .. erllm..... ~ .. m .. nt (100 is being eliminated by the 40-hour 81 n ll l .. CO.,lu ______... ._1.,11) ______1.40 F.Jeelrleal Worke• . Snb..,.lp!lo .. p-e • .J'eII . 1.00 (eventually 30 or 25) week. The days I":mb l ..... , ""Iom a bll"--______, ... Rec:t!. _ lplIptl) 1I.. .. k,______O ..e"tlm ... u~ l8 meot (1l1D 'M of th~ 62 .u,} GG-hour week plus OVertime (;"...,IOp", om",II"" p e r 1110______, ... R_lpl Rook, 1M ... ncl.. 1 8...: •• 1.... .J"'__ .~ O. ..·e l .....ch ______..10 in the industry are gone forever. To ~llIt noo.. , T ..... llr.... '. ,J6 Ledlle• • 100'" I.... ' bind.. . . VlII .. n<:W See- 8"",,'pl Holde ...... ~h___ .IS equal that income and be able to liqui­ .ela • .J"" '8 Itob Ind .... ______8.60 R _ ...,h weekl.J' rep"rt ...01 •. pn 100_ .60 date the debts incurred on bomes, etc., Led .... ""'lie. Ip til .. 1'111 .... led".... _ 8 .... 1, eal or 1.00 Seal 4.00 in those yean, the utility worker must J.....tll"". ••------P1 n.nd.1 8""'nta• .J"a, 100 .,a".. ,. ..00,... 8 .... 1 ( ppck"') 1JIG perforce seek the federated trades wage Le4 ...., " I ... n dal 8ec:.",".r.J'·'. tOO P .... u_ 4.so WIIdotI"Iea ..... ______al Ca.dl, ..... n' Tra" •• Cd•.• per ..10 Led ...r , 1'1 .... "eI .. 1 ~ret. ,.,..' •. 400 p alr"_ S.75 through the A. F. of L. The company (l'dl .. "_'7 Dlnd", .. ) W ..... "I Boo.. , f ... R . 8. .110 union is impotent. It can never achieve tbat end. FOR E. W . B. A. Not long ago an articlo in the WORKERS Ap "II,.Uo" DI ...... lin 100______." ConlUt"Ulln I nd n ,...Lawl. per 100 _____ ,./10 Dook, MI""I'-_ I JIU 51nlll .. V"pt.,. ______.10 JOURNAL by Jerome Count, a lawyer, Char t.,.. , U npllcal e. .so RItual•. eIIth______.Ill indicated that if wages of the utility Reln.tftlemenl Ria" "', per 100_____ .111 workers had progressed as did the profits of the industry, the annual salary per worker would now be in the neighbor­ hood of $20,000. Utility workers should hasten to stop this inconsistent progreso METAL LABEL sion of wages and profibl with so great a gap between them. They will be doing the industry and t he nation a great ser­ vice. Speculation and failures in the in­ NOTF.-The .. bo,· .. ...tI" lu will 1'1 ....,,,,,lied wh., .. Ih., ..... "1.11 .. amOO " I of (!IIs to "oeolnpanlefl dust-ry will decrease. The water will be the or,le. . Oille. wl,.. Ihe order will not b., r ecOIl"I..,d. All . nppllf-l ...n t b,.. u. ha .... .,Oltille wrung out of its paper value. Autoeratic o . .... " • .,.. ch...... Dre"ald. management for benefit ot financial in· ADDRESS, G. M. BUGNIAZET, I. S. July. 193. The Journal 0/ Elech-ical Workers and Operators 323

LOCAL UNION OFFICIAL RECEIPTS FROM MAY 11 TO H JUNE 10, 1934 H

,,, I•. U. ~IIMU"'" I•. U. NIIMUIIB .. Mli700 201 _____ 61128 OtlS2 28~OI 847025 2U8 _____ 417li ll 4170711 l/son; 2Il1L ____ 87381 21111019 880020 :no _____ 86288 1114211 8826(10 27 1____ 1192080 8629:1 lO72t:i 274 _____ Q6.3018 1i1l208li "nao. 198682 1163037 6oIB121 903988 2711 ____ ..2~ 1 892163 81811:1 276 _____ 212008 8701823 278 ____ 28803 9 ~ OO29 8S025S 218 _____ 4108111 62~1I8 8ailiTCi 2gt_ ____ 639t>62 \/6001111 46899 2 1-____ 2:124:1li 1180604 -119408 lISL ____ 4024S9 UIsns 2~1i _____ 1H2~li 1212:.1:1 43N50 2 6 _____ 635021 1111l1l1 288 ____.791063 ..... :!DO _____ 960916 :\:1 111950 001493 178010 8 11 ____ 17422 114M 191888 141488 U78()1) 3 18 _____ 81928 8 1929 88:"0882 167710 818 _____922 122 922161 D~!lOI)I Il17667 60735 8 1' _____ 9l12222 0(1228(1 89321 3211864 821 __ ___ 934107 9SH11 ID828~ 7639'1 684120 322 ___264:;70 2:itl!llll 322 _____958810 9411362 1&173 3211 . ____ 9:!1I"14 ""'809O~82S HUll 182(1 1821 200177 8~9S7 630781 323 __ ~_137750 1878U 2Z20H 324 _____ 199999 21$043 47"14 287:!11 824 _____ 11:;7818 '00000 23U!l!I 174091 823_____ 9:17"8 928182 287300 ,.., 11130n 031114'1 OOOOHi 8211 ___ _ ISIJ.S91 1869S4 939434 234919 97110 1\26 _____ 232471 2~2H8 893187 640800 360778 826__ __ .257251 2:\7!l4'1 2'11i7!11 181178 3076:10 826_~_~ 00«87 0041100 9528"8 21l7~2 314120 8211_~ ___ 1!Kl781 1II07f11 910676 81883 1&080 3211 _____ 177304 177122 2089::!2 81630 S2IL __ ~2224113 222""10 00<)"'"114297 30lU8 821t ___ ._9:i6188 9:111177 9::!0726 2117ti7 2000.'\0 881 _____ 11979811 897940 987143 80027 4MIII 1IlI11 ____ ~3047:i2 304811:; 61698!5 ::!82~22 47870 883. ____ 87749 87711:1 86H 09 2J'I43r.9 276686 838 ____lI08!566 901l~13 ~1I1t . __ ._ 4760i 476:\6 300:>0 816896 340 _____ 100411 42000 9 ~ 2a65 100472 12(IM3 003139 3.(I~ ____ 200ti82 2(1 1903 :\0:1113 M I ~_ ._ ~ 28393ri 288930 1145010 9 13211 342 ____ . 644:;30 6441143 10111112 lI"IL __ __ 40882 40llU 811548 12r.90 84IL. ___949553 fl 4IHilll'i 1041100 100862 Z!l940(l 844 ____ 6510:;9 1\,~1977 8:;843 6:\4177 1147 _ ._ ~ -201l814 203JUt2 94\462 9:i200fJ 11411 _____ floMI82 6l!970 221\1"7 .""''''8021"120 8901711 3411 _____ 1230t.O 617020 1118~1 6211768 1149. ____ 77194 71195 21149114 281121 1149 ____ .1861\19 1811720 201lM 220101 :149 ____ 854797 81148f111 93:\781 224273 8(,(1. ____ 937:;77 1131MIS 48Z!12 9:120111 sn2 ___ ~ _ 88200 118284 fll\flM 9:111(17/1 1Ir,2 ~ ____ 8 40Iil\O 8497110 117 2~ 0 13!'i7M 8M__ ___ 98961 989811 868812 23:!1l7:! 811S _____ 1433B! 148707 2~'I~07 2:1:1113 1 8I1L ___ ~ 1911419 11111427 91 7700 8711045 811 4 _____ 32l180 1 82M\1I11 319U4 886l!60 11114. ____ 0:;6."02 6:'il141'\O 160922 2:n~no 1I~1 __ ~ __ !!I3621 111628 319500 886500 8!'i1l _ _948612 1l411tl U 411.171t 924R29 860 _____ 241(896 24!l912 29784 8MI2811 860____ _9 474111 1l41l\411 11112800 111111111 ~n.1 _ • __ 7IZZ!l7 7 122117 8:;7462 HlIII29 :l(l1I ~~ ___ 248689 248f1oo 147776 6l100M 3811 _____ 94111127 114(1/1114 94 11 48 3049a~ 3111442 ,eo . ___ 10711711 1{lIlOOO l 003R~ 814880 7721nf1 .11l1l ____ _2t)!'Il12'1 2fl~ft 4 0 31l02{111 81170911 ___ 4411:;01 HIW~O 2032110 O O~ 1 2 1 "1o ____ 93!l(1IW A3nn1fl 811~31l9 4Hi2::;0 ::;1118" '"' 8!l7f\fII\ IIfl7M7 949~27 8 13911 44f12~iI 2043'" '""72 _. ____ IHfoJI~1I ft003l1 00 ~ R1I2 313 ____ 6l1I\11211 ~rI:'I1l83 flll1I24~ GIISMO 91f11lll2 1177 _____ '!!I1I~1 2fl11f10 42911711 r.fI.'\lI 1177 _____ U0213 1802711 6119:!1I11 80Sll0l! 1171l _____ROft9:!fI 062419 22~1I!'i1l 006942 1I~2~a 6.~1:177 1I110 __ ~ __ :!1I11f1r.11 118206 2 121106 DIIIIIl!! __ . f\4~fI.'l1 MII1I7R 211 16111 1177l1t2"" 283616 '"882 __ ___ 380141 380100 D1l24{1t1 324 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators July, 1994

L. NIIMRI:RI I •• U. !'1 UIIDI:II11 HI)7GO l002 ~ ____ tl ;;:18211 ~HitlO6 102L_ ___ 112M>7 6H8116 1024 _ __ _ 184&01 lll'illl~ 1025____ G4I1:1!13 227722 Hr..tfL ___9000SI IWl2UI 1032 _____ 11327ftO 81634 1036 _____ lti1223 111152i 1036___ 236701 ~32i. "'.»00 1036_____ 266~1 'IQ:!45" 1036____ MOllll 1101 517 1031.____ 24201 17117 1047 _ ___ 6117940 9:=5020 101i4 _____ ~3160~ 11:100111 1012 _____ lmlltl:;11 9362G8 101'6_____ ZI 31(1 6:!(llIP 1087____ IOlnll 1111180.:\ l00L.. 9411127 StlOH 1095. __ ._:132073 I1IHiOO 1099__ ___ &1:\4211 43UM 1I0L__ 9~IX) IH 9:>:J03b UM___ . 002132 1101'1- ___ III"Z2 en.. soo IUIL ___ 8Q72tl2 236U2 1131 ._ tl~0'4.3 :.161.>2:;6 lta~ __ . __ 641001 40764 114 '-____ Z20f17 OH02 11"1.__ .. SHIll 930386 IHL____ ltll!l7r.1 1271147 11-11 ____ .111101111 UI!!OOO 11-1" __ . 11 11711 34HiO lIH __ l'Ifl7I2 802850 IUL ___ S700ll IUil\O IU7 ___ 01-1001 23760-4 tlM __ _ . 0:;7IHI1I 2117400 II~ ____ .. 1J.32 22t'tIHtI lU.. . ___ IlIIIlIH 802711 115.. _____ 06.'001 623001 1156_____ 31tl82 62~021 211 10 18 ,\I UI8 I N(I 21lr,OG7 2~:':3:18 16-2170S2 · 0r.~ . 206, 22!11HU 18-111,'\0110. 2:;:;81).1·865. JZ(I 9 :10051 81 - 901461 .... 70. 811410 124- 16000R·O IO. T:lUI2 .. 1&\-1402:11262. <000 2S2_ 772IM I ~ . :"HGO (W8-211 :J20. 2ll6"Oi 340-2001181. 6201116 843--10!l80 401131. 9221182 354 - I!lU2~ · 4:W. 021718 4Sa-:;4271\·lHn8. 008052 SOl-311(12A I .2!lti. I GallO !l0 ~ - 1\8012a.'tOlli ll:!tl6S !WS--12!l6/iO·600. 08811 !l12- 902404. 23117110 545--S:I\IOll. :laMlilI :i48- 6211 01. ,.."d "."', lI.. drid, ... h ~ .,ill ... alld.n .. V aN""d. II • • itf"l;u ",ill lIuppu. II', .. ,t... illl ull du b"t Hot to .. !>ad'~ /totl".d '0, II,..... 0", ."re III ...... lo".tl, IIlId ..110 d .. i .... lAoI '~,"",,'II~ til .. diw'lt, fro,," III, e... iltnt of tll.lII: .o.".~ .,., ""rd Iv ... ,,1.. 1r, ,.ef ... 10 h Jo .. rltol uf l'o",,,,eru: dra.,,, ido .. " .. or,.".UII.I.: Customl'r I. IU r: hl Corrullon S pecification... "Give u. n l,int of ~r, bon, till I lCel me On .ccount or • tY,lOcra"hkal error the W.gM." For yea .. I hlld this thou!(ht III mind, name In the Ur.t line or the item headi'd: The kintl of I leirl I'd like to find "Yf!lerall or Shlp,.in&, 1'r.oc" In \,hi. colomn ":0;0. I never ri"e lirk-don', w.nt 10 en· cOllrage it here. But I 'll lend you half a \\ouhl lit. tall blonde with goldell h.lr, y .. sterdllY w" made 10 fud " lI u ry R. Anti hf'r eye" 'nu,t bt' a dup 1 ... 11 blue. Turner," ",herea. [t .hould hllve been "Harry crown." lind Inking It (rom the till he arave It. lIunter." Wt truet t hal Md. Uunler'. it 10 hi. cu.to.nl'r, who look it .ud " .•• 'I hi' girl {or me mOlt be of a killd, many (il'nd In the hlll"lnj{ Indullry will .... Ikine out. Thll to IU of my {.III" IIhe must be blind . I wllnted 10 find one lo\"ely and rlli r, have reeo~nlM'd il a. rderrinr to him In "lIere," crit'd the bllnnlln, "aren'l YOll Iplt.. or the error. going 10 IIuy lh"t pint 1" S<.unl'One whoee lo"e wOllld IIlw'YI be Borrowt'r, with uid mien: "Wtll, If you true. • • • couldn't ITU" me for a pint when I w•• She wOllld not bt' ont or Iho.... who niTti, ~or ont! of thOle imp. ,,'ho "elT IIhort .klru. Send Ih .. \\ omtn'. '\uxll1uy! broke, I'll takt me nI'.dy monl'Y ellM'whl'Te." Shl' mll~I not co to midnl"ht dllnca, "lIere', • ticket 10 thf' conjurer" ,how, • • 1'0r t ..t on ml'n thOle luring Iflanc .... M,"ie!" Tht' .... quel to thill ..onnel, al.. ! I (ollnd II brunette in Springfield, "Thllnk )'f', l)on.ld!" ~he lUI)". "And '.rk ye, \laggie, when he come. lI .. ~s. to thnt trkk ",hetf' he IlIkl" a lea· • • • • • .poonfol of nOllr and onl' t'j{IC nnd make. Now Ihrollgh the lun yean she hal 20 oml'let , w.tch ven. do.ely!" Iloud Ihe le.t, And desrl)' 10\"tB the giorioul Welt] BIU.L"Wll1, I.. U, No. 723. W"U£II II. IIESDRI(:K, From Ihe Grllnd COIII~e 1)II1n, • • • on the Columbill. But li e I)ldn', 8t ... 1 tht 1I0ie

I'olicemlln: "Rn,. wher .. did you '\"0'" c"t."bOOIi It,ho u·(lnl. 10 kilO"" ~11'1I1 Ihlll rt'd I.ntern 1" Ralto.: "No ,"h, bou, I IIln't .tole 110.' ,,/I tIL ... ,,"'CII ""oTd·ju./lV1iN.1I IIIId ,oll.lItrlll i. da"t, diB heah I.mp, I '!on~ ("ond It 1111 lit Iud pi'li cI<>,~ IItttlltioll. to /JTlJlha nellth /I holl' ,Iem 'Iedricilln "'en done (;I~k. fh hoI. wl'nt 011" .nd lefl." Tile IIl1nd~otllt Ul'nt .u()lId I'tlm I~c I~{t il IIONtI .ail' II. it out ",illl ol"t,. thall " .. r f~ilhfu' Jnh" r. MllIlrr.nn, """ Ih on ink boll/". 11'" IIop" hs a/w'''II' Tt<· G. I.. MONllln:. oIlier h"lkiu O't< w<>bllb/II M. 1",1. 01 1•. 11. '1D. 19, "'.FIlbt

- JOHN JAY CHAPMAN.