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Home , Adaina microdactyla, Adelidae, Alucita, Amblyptilia, Crombrugghia, Crombrugghia distans

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 161 (2018) 79–109

The of Bhutan (), with the description of a new Cees Gielis & Karma Wangdi

Approximately 100 specimens, representing 27 species of Pterophoridae (Plume ), were collected from the fauna of Bhutan. The taxonomic status of the species, observed and collected material, and host are listed, and a distribution map of each species is presented. The following species are recorded for the first time from Bhutan: farfarellus Zeller, 1867; Platyptilia sedata Meyrick, 1932; zophodactylus (Duponchel, 1840); pusillidactylus (Walker, 1864); Xyroptila oenophanes Meyrick, 1908; anisodactylus (Walker, 1864), S. zanclistes (Meyrick, 1905); causodes Meyrick, 1905; microdactyla (Hübner, [1813]); and Cosmoclostis pesseuta Meyrick, 1906. One species is described as new: karmawangdii Gielis spec. nov. Keywords: Bhutan; Palaearctic; Oriental; Pterophoridae; distribution maps; new species Cees Gielis, Meester Haafkensstraat 36, 4128CJ Lexmond, The Netherlands. [email protected] Karma Wangdi, Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environment, Lamai Goempa Dzong, P.O. Box 155, Bumthang, Bhutan.

Introduction coniferous forests. In the south of the country there In 2016, the cooperation between the Naturalis Bio- is a narrow stretch of land along the border with In- diversity Center (RMNH) in Leiden, The Nether- dia with an altitude of 200–300 meters. Here the lands, and the National Centre (NBC) valleys end of the rivers floating from the moun- at Serbithang, Bhutan, resulted in a survey of mainly tains southwards. The lowland and the lower parts the entomofauna of Bhutan. In this project, sci- of the valleys are part of the Oriental faunistic re- entists and students from both countries closely gion. The vegetation in these lower parts consists of worked together. Further, field and laboratory train- broad-leaved forests (RSPN 2018). The demarcation ing sessions, and lectures were organized to improve between these faunal areas is a zone along the moun- knowledge of the fauna of Bhutan, and in this tains, which varies in height due to its position on way support local research. Among the activities was the slope (north or south slope, amount of sunshine, a survey of the (Lepidoptera) fauna, which re- rainfall, temperature, soil type, etc.). For different sulted in the present publication. genera and species groups, and in addition as a result Bhutan is a country in the Himalaya mountains, of variations due to geophysical circumstances, the wedged between Tibet and India. Most of the north- transient zone may vary in altitude, but in general is ern part of the country is mountainous, with tops and situated between 1500 and 2500 meters. ridges reaching up to 7000 meters and showing a fau- The soil situation is greatly influenced by the Hi- nistic relationship with the Palaearctic fauna. At high malaya mountains, which were shaped by the colli- altitudes alpine meadows and scrubs are the main sion of the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates vegetation, and at lower attitudes predominantly (Smith et al. 1981). During this collision an uprising

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 161: 79–109, Table 0, Figs 1–82. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 2 April 2019. DOI 10.1163/22119434-20192076

80 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 161, 2018 of parts of the seafloor between these plates caused This influences the figures because tropical areas parts of the mountains to have a limestone character, in the south of India contribute significantly to while other parts originating from the Indian plate the total. Likewise, as in , the temperate and have a or a volcanic origin (Wikipe- arid areas represented in the north and west are not dia contributors 2018). This results in a variety of comparable to Bhutan. From nearby Bangladesh, no soil types, which are intermingled. Due to the high Pterophoridae are known. Myanmar counts 8 spe- precipitation, especially in the monsoon period from cies and Thailand 35, which means these countries May to August, the mountains show strong erosion. are undersampled. Compared to the figures from Slopes are covered with a thick layer of loose soil and ­surrounding countries, the present 28 species for sediments accumulate at the bottom of the valleys. Bhutan are expected. An additional factor is the temperature. In the low For the above reasons, Bhutan is a very interesting regions, especially in the spring and early summer, country to study, with numerous biotopes in a relative- monsoon winds bring heated air from the Indian ly small area, with different faunal areas, a transition subcontinent, often with temperatures over 40°C zone, different soil types, and climatological differ- and high humidity. The temperatures drop with in- ences, together creating a very high biodiversity. creasing altitude, but still bring thick clouds up to With the present additions, we add 10 species to high altitudes. Every year, vast amounts of rain fall the fauna of Bhutan, of which one is new to science: during this period. Pterophorus karmawangdii spec. nov. The mountainous character of the country has a Voucher specimens will be placed in the Natu- limiting effect on the possibilities for soil use. Agri- ralis Biodiversity Center. The remaining specimens culture is very small-scaled, with rice fields along the are or will be returned to the N.B.C. in Serbithang, slopes up to 2500 meters. Cattle herding takes place Bhutan. in temperate camps in the mountains during the summer period. In autumn the herds migrate to low- er altitudes to overwinter. Only the narrow stretch of Materials and methods land along the Indian border gives possibilities for Specimens were collected with light traps, and in slightly more intensive agricultural activity. Some in- the daytime by sweeping the vegetation with a net. dustrial activity is also present in this zone. This situ- The localities where collecting took place vary in ation, combined with the creation of national park altitude from 210 to 3995 meters. After collecting areas, which cover 52% of the land surface, ensures and killing, the were stored in glassine enve- the native habitat is not at risk for the near future. As lopes, and dried for shipping. For further research always, population growth is a threat that cannot be the material was relaxed, pinned and prepared. From calculated (R. Govt Bhutan 2017). all species genitalia were dissected and mounted on During the surveys in 2016 and 2017, approxi- glass slides in Euparal. Photographs of the moths mately 100 plume moth specimens were collected. were made with a Nikon D300 camera with bellows- Specimens were collected from the lowland at 210– extension on which a Zeiss Luminar 100 mm lens was 300 meters, close to the border with India, up to mounted, and illuminated in a ‘light-box’ with a full- 4000 meters altitude in the mountains. After having spectrum tube light; genitalia were photographed been identified, the results, together with the results with an Olympus BH2 microscope and a Nikon of a literature survey, are presented in the present D800 digital camera. Images were processed with publication. Until recently, only a limited number Adobe Photoshop Elements 15. All collected speci- of species had been mentioned to occur in Bhutan, mens are recorded in a database program named but after the publications of Li et al. (2003) and Klasse (distributed by the Netherlands Entomologi- Ustjuzhanin et al. (2017) this number rose. Up to cal Society). With entered data, Klasse generates dis- now only one new species had been described from tribution maps. Bhutan, from the vicinity of Thimphu: bhutanensis Arenberger, 1995. From Nepal, a coun- try similar to Bhutan in the southern Himalayas and Abbreviations used bordering India, which is rather well examined, 32 CG – Cees Gielis, Lexmond, The Netherlands species of Pterophoridae are known. From Sikkim, Prep – Genital preparation between Nepal and Bhutan, which has been a part of NBC – National Biodiversity Centre, Ser- India since 1975, although well examined by British bithang, Bhutan entomologists in the late 19th century, no data are RMNH – Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, available. The countries north (China with 76 spe- The Netherlands (formerly: Rijksmu- cies known) and south (India with 91 species known) seum voor Natuurlijke Historie) of Bhutan are well known, but the numbers of spe- UWICE – Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Con- cies known to these countries are not clearly compa- servation and Environment, Bumthang, rable to Bhutan, due to the size of these countries. Bhutan

Gielis & Wangdi: The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera) 81

Species accounts Host plants. Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit., S. visco- connexiva (Walsingham, 1891). sus L., S. cruentus DC., Erigeron canadensis L., E. Figs 1, 59 linifolius Willd., Calendula arvensis L., C. officina- Steganodactyla connexiva Walsingham, 1891: 242 lis L., Callistephus chinensis Nees, Centaurea cyanus — Burma. L., Dahlia pinnata Cav., Emilia flammea Cass., Remarks. Reported in the literature (Arenberger Helichrysium bracteatum Wild, Teucrium tomento- 1995): Gedu. sum Lam. (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005).

Platyptilia farfarellus Zeller, 1867 Platyptilia gandaki Gielis, 1999 Figs 2, 23, 44, 60 Figs 3, 24, 45, 61 Platyptilus farfarellus Zeller, 1867: 334 — Poland. Platyptilia gandaki Gielis, 1999: 89 — Nepal. Platyptilia molopias Meyrick, 1906: 135 — Sri Remarks: Reported in the literature (Ustjuzhanin Lanka. et al. 2017): Paro, Mongar. Platyptilia claripicta Fletcher, 1910: 400 — Seychelles. Platyptilia sedata Meyrick, 1932 Platyptilia periacta Meyrick, 1910: 411 — Rep. S. Figs 4, 25, 46, 62 Africa. Platyptilia sedata Meyrick, 1932: 334 — India. Platyptilia benitensis Strand, 1913: 64 — Cameroun. Platyptilia semnocharis Meyrick, 1932: 335 — India. Platyptilia petila Yano, 1963: 851 — Solomon Material. 10 ♂, 7 ♀, 1 without abdomen, Bhutan, Islands. Bumthang, 1 km NW Jakar, UWICE compound, Material. 2 ♂, Bhutan, Mongar, Yongkola, 27°18’ 27°32’39” N, 90°43’22” E, 2910 m, 15.viii.2016, N, 91°10’ E, 1580 m, 1–2.vi.2017 (C. Gielis & 25.viii.2016, 4.ix.2016, 5.ix.2016, 7.ix.2016, K. Wangdi), prep CG 7323; 1 ♀, Bhutan, Trashi- 12.ix.2016, 22.ix.2016, 25.ix.2016, 3–4.vi.2017 gang, Kanglung, 27°16’30” N, 91°31’30” E, (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi; K. Wangdi), CG 1900 m, 29.viii.2016 (local collector), prep CG 7274 (♂); 1 ♂, Bhutan, Mongar, 4 km W Yadi, 7316. New for Bhutan. 27°18’38” N, 91°19’37” E, 1840 m, 18.viii.2016

Fig. 1. Imago of Ochyrotica connexiva (Walsingham, Fig. 3. Imago of P. gandaki Gielis, 1999. 1891).

Fig. 2. Imago of Platyptilia farfarellus Zeller, 1867. Fig. 4. Imago of P. sedata Meyrick, 1932.

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(C. Gielis & K. Wangdi); 1 ♀, Bhutan, Zhem- Stenoptilia zophodactylus (Duponchel, 1840) gang, Zhemgang, 27°12’30” N, 90°40’00” E, Figs 7, 28, 47, 66 2020 m, 5.vi.2017 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep Pterophorus zophodactylus Duponchel, 1840: 668 CG 7315. New for Bhutan. — France. Pterophorus loewii Zeller, 1847: 38 — Italy. fibigeri Gielis, 1999 Pterophorus canalis Walker, 1864: 944 — Australia. Figs 5, 26, 63 Mimeseoptilus semicostata Zeller, 1873: 323 — USA Amblyptilia fibigeri Gielis, 1999: 85 — Nepal. (Texas). Material. 1 ♀, Bhutan, Bumthang, 1 km NW Jakar, Material. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bhutan, Chhukha, 8 km S UWICE compound, 27°32’39” N, 90°43’22” E, Gedu, Darla, 10.xi.2016, 11.xi.2016, 12.xi.2016, 2910 m, 15.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), 15.xi.2016 (K. Wangdi), prep CG 7309 (♂), prep CG 7282; 1 ♂, Bhutan, Trashi Yangtse, 7310 (♀). New for Bhutan. Trashi Yangtse, 27°39’29” N, 91°27’13” E, 1907 Host plants. Centaurium erythraea Rafn (=C. minus m, 20.v.2017 (T. Nidup & W. Klein). Mönch), C. littorale (Turner) Gilmour, C. pulchel- lum (Sw.) Druce, Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Hud- Amblyptilia skoui Gielis, 1999 son, Gentianella germanica (Willd.) Börner, G. Figs 6, 27, 64 diemensis (Griseb.) J.H.Willis, Gentiana lutea L., Amblyptilia skoui Gielis, 1999: 87 — Nepal. Erythraea venusta A.Gray, Sopubia trifida Buch.- Remarks: Reported in the literature (Ustjuzhanin Ham. ex D.Don, Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. et al. 2017): Mongar. (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005).

Stenoptilia caroli Arenberger, 1988 taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, Fig. 65 1875) Stenoptilia caroli Arenberger, 1988: 69 — Nepal. Figs 8, 29, 48, 67 Remarks. Reported in the literature (Arenberger Amblyptilia taprobanes Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875: 2005): Thimphu. plate 140, Fig. 54 — . Platyptilia brachymorpha Meyrick, 1888: 240 — India. Platyptilia seeboldi Hofmann, 1898: 33 — Syria. Platyptilia terlizzii Turati, 1926: 67 — Libya. Platyptilia monotrigona Diakonoff, 1952: 15 — In- donesia, Irian Jaya. Amblyptilia zavatterii Hartig, 1953: 67 — Italy. Platyptilia legrandi Bigot, 1962: 86 — Seychelles. Stenoptilodes vittata Service, 1966: 139 — Nigeria. Host plants. (L.) C.Presl (=S. ­marginata (DC.) Kitt.), S. maritima (All.) Chiov., S. salina J.Presl & C.Presl, L., L., spec., Cam- pylanthus salsoloides (L.f.) Roth, Centipeda minima (L.) Kuntze, Plectranthus spec., Pentstemon spec., Fig. 5. Imago of Amblyptilia fibigeri Gielis, 1999.

Fig. 7. Imago of Stenoptilia zophodactylus (Duponchel, Fig. 6. Imago of A. skoui Gielis, 1999. 1840).

Gielis & Wangdi: The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera) 83

Mecardonia acuminata (Walter) Small, Phyla lan- Platyptilia teleacma Meyrick, 1932: 250 — Indone- ceolata (Michx.) Greene, Celsia coromandelina sia, Java. Vahl, Limnophila heterophylla Benth., L. sessiliflora Platyptilia lantanadactyla Amsel, 1951: 66 Blume, Veronica anagallis L., Russelia equistiformis — Morocco. Schltd. & Cham., Hypoestes betsiliensis S.Moore, Material. 1 ♂, Bhutan, Samdrup Jongkhar, Deo- Ocimum spec., Scutellaria discolor Colebr., Samo- thang, 26°51’ N, 91°28’30” E, 900 m, 20– lus spec., Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze, S. densiflora 21.v.2017 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi). New for (Benth.) Benth., spec., spec. Bhutan. (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). Host plants. L., L. peduncularis An- Remarks: Reported in the literature (Ustjuzhanin dersson, L. indica Roxb., L. involucrata L., Lip- et al. 2017): Trongsa, Wangdue Phodrang. pia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson, Phyla nodiflora (L.) Green, P. lanceolata (Michx.) Lantanophaga pusillidactylus (Walker, 1864) Greene, Caperonia palustris (L.) A.St.-Hil., Men- Figs 9, 30, 49, 68 tha spec., Utricularia spec. (Gielis 2003, Mat- Oxyptilus pusillidactylus Walker, 1864: 933 thews & Lott 2005). — Jamaica. Platyptilia tecnidion Zeller, 1877: 470 — Virgin Xyroptila oenophanes Meyrick, 1908 Islands. Figs 10, 31, 69 Platyptilia hemimetra Meyrick, 1886: 18 — Réunion Xyroptila oenophanes Meyrick, 1908: 480 — India. Isl. Xyroptila tectonica Meyrick, 1914: 46 — Taiwan. Platyptilia lantana Busck, 1914: 103 — Hawai’i Material. 1 ♂, Bhutan, Chhukha, 1 km W Punt- Islands. sholing, 26°52’56” N, 89°22’59” E, 260 m, 5.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7280. New for Bhutan. Host plants. Bridelia tomentosa Blume (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005).

Sphenarches anisodactylus (Walker, 1864) Figs 11, 32, 50, 70 Oxyptilus anisodactylus Walker, 1864: 934 — Sri Lanka. Pterophorus diffusalis Walker, 1864: 945 — Australia. Sphenarches synophrys Meyrick, 1886: 17 — New Hebrides/Tonga. Platyptilia pygmaeana Strand, 1913: 64 — Cameroun. Sphenarches chroesus Strand, 1913: 66 — Cameroun. rishwani Makhan, 1994: 353 Fig. 8. Imago of (Felder & — Surinam. Rogenhofer, 1875).

Fig. 9. Imago of Lantanophaga pusillidactylus (Walker, 1864). Fig. 10. Imago of Xyroptila oenophanes Meyrick, 1908.

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Fig. 11. Imago of Sphenarches anisodactylus (Walker, Fig. 13. Imago of Oxyptilus causodes Meyrick, 1905. 1864).

Fig. 12. Imago of Sphenarches zanclistes (Meyrick, Fig. 14. Imago of distans (Zeller, 1847). 1905).

Material. 1 ♂, Bhutan, Chhukha, Darla, 26°51’52” 89°33’40” E, 15.xi.2016 (K. Wangdi), prep CG N, 89°33’40” E, 1953 m, 24.xi.2016 (Karma 7312. New for Bhutan. Wangdi), prep CG 7326. New for Bhutan. Host plants. Vigna catjang (Burm.f.) Walp., V. un- Host plants. Caperonia regales, C. castaneifolia (L.) guiculata Bertoni, Dolichos L., Cleroden- A.St.-Hil., Thalia geniculata L., Centratherum drum trichotomum Thunb. (Verbenaceae) (Gielis punctatum Cass., Eupatorium betonicaeforme 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). (DC.) Baker, Dolichos lablab L., Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth, Lagenaria leucantha var. clavata Makino, L. Oxyptilus causodes Meyrick, 1905 siceraria (Molina) Standl., L. leucantha var. gourda Figs 13, 34, 72 Makino, L. vulgaris Ser., Pelargonium spec., Gera- Oxyptilus causodes Meyrick, 1905 : 582 — Sri nium maculatum L., Phaseolus vulgaris Wall., Cu- Lanka. curbita pepo L., Luffa aegyptiaca L., Mimosa pudica Material. 1 ♂, Bhutan, Samchi, Phuntsholing, 300 L., Hibiscus mutabilis L., Passiflora foetida L., An- m, 16–17.vi.1988 (C. Holzschuh) (RMNH). tirrhinum majus L., Theobroma cacao L., Lantana New for Bhutan. camara L., Averrhoa bilimbi L., Biophytum sensiti- Host plants. Dillenia retusa Thunb., D. indica L. vum L. (DC.), Brillantaisia lamium (Nees) Benth. (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). (Zeller, 1847) Sphenarches zanclistes (Meyrick, 1905) Figs 14, 35, 51, 73 Figs 12, 33, 71 Pterophorus distans Zeller, 1847: 902 — Italy. Oxyptilus zanclistes Meyrick, 1905: 582. ♂— Burma. Oxyptilus geodactyla Fuchs, 1903: 15 — Armenia. Megalorhipida deboeri Gielis, 2003: 357 — Indone- Oxyptilus lactucae Fletcher, 1920: 13 — India. sia, Irian Jaya. Oxyptilus clarisignis Meyrick, 1924: 93 — India. Material. 1 ♂, Bhutan, Mongar, 8 km E Kori-La Pass, Oxyptilus buvati Bigot & Picard, 1988: 242 27°18’ N, 91°20’ E, 1975 m, 28–29.v.2017 (C. — France. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7311; 1 ♀, Bhu- Oxyptilus buvati propedistans Bigot & Picard, 1988: tan, Chhukha, 8 km S Gedu, Darla, 26°51’52” N, 244 — France.

Gielis & Wangdi: The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera) 85

Oxyptilis pravieli Bigot, Nel & Picard, 1989: 15 Host plants. Scutellaria indica L., S. discolor Colebr. — France. (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). Oxyptilus gibeauxi Bigot, Nel & Picard, 1990: 47 Remarks. Reported in the literature (Li et al. 2003), — France. without data or localities. Oxyptilus jaeckhi Bigot & Picard, 1991: 236 — France. Diacrotricha fasciola Zeller, 1852 Oxyptilus supplementum Gibeaux, 1997: 432 Figs 16, 37, 53 — Uzbekistan. Diacrotricha fasciola Zeller, 1852: 399 — , Oxyptilus zhengi Hao, Li & Wang, 2002: 141 Java. — China. Host plants. Averrhoa carambola L., A. bilimbi L. Material. 1 ♀, Bhutan, Punahka, Lobesa, 8 km S (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). Punahka, 27°30’10” N, 89°52’43” E, 1410 m, Remarks. Reported in the literature (Li et al. 2003), 11.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG without data or localities. 7281; 1 ♀, Bhutan, Tsirang, Damphu, 27°00’30” N, 90°07’30” E, 1530 m, 9–10.vi.2017 (C. Gielis Gypsocharus catharotus (Meyrick, 1908) & K. Wangdi). Figs 17, 38, 54, 74 Host plants. (L.) Wallr., C. tecto- catharotes Meyrick, 1908: 491 — India. rum L., C. succisifolia Tausch, C. conyzifolia Dalla Material 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Bhutan, Haa, Cheli La Pass, Torre, C. albida Vill., C. succisifolia Tausch, Hiera- 27°22’10” N, 89°20’48” E, 3995 m, 9.viii.2016 cium pilosella L., H. amplexicaule L., (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7278 (♂); 1 ♂, (L.) Hill., S. arvensis L., Cichorium intybus L., Pi- Bhutan, Trashi Yangtse, Trashi Yangtse, 27°36’49” cris hieracioides L., Andryala pinnatifida Aiton, A. N, 91°29’34” E, 1760 m, 18.viii.2016 (C. Gielis integrifolia L., Lactuca virosa L., L. sativa L. (Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7283; 1 ♂, Bhutan, 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). Chhukha, 8 km S Gedu, Darla, 26°51’52” N, 89°33’40” E, 9.xi.2016 (K. Wangdi). pyrrhodes (Meyrick, 1889) pyrrhodes Meyrick, 1889: 1113 — Australia. Oxyptilus kinbane Matsumura, 1931: No. 2063 — Japan.

Host plants. Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis spec. (Gielis 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). Remarks. Reported in the literature (Li et al, 2003), without data or localities.

Procapperia pelecyntes (Meyrick, 1907) Figs 15, 36, 52 Oxyptilus pelecyntes Meyrick, 1907: 477 — India. Fig. 16. Imago of Diacrotricha fasciola Zeller, 1852.

Fig. 15. Imago of pelecyntes (Meyrick, Fig. 17. Imago of Gypsocharus catharotus (Meyrick, 1908). 1908)

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Hellinsia bhutanensis Arenberger, 1995 Figs 18, 39, 55, 75 Hellinsia bhutanensis Arenberger, 1995 : 142 — Bhutan. Material. 4 ♂, 2 ♀, Bhutan, Paro, Wonahka, 27°13’17” N, 89°30’14” E, 2510 m, 6.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7276 (♀); 3 ♀, Bhutan, Mongar, Naling, 5 km E Mongar, 27°16’7” N, 91°18’20” E, 2250 m, 24.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi); 1 ♂, Bhutan, Trashi- gang, Kanglung, 27°17’11” N, 91°31’17” E, 1850 m, 19.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7275; 1 ♂, Bhutan, Wangdue Phodrang, Phobijkha, 27°27’55” N, 90°10’11” E, 2890 m, Fig. 19. Imago of Hellinsia aruna Arenberger, 1991. 12.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi); 1 ♂, Bhu- tan, Trashi Yangtse, Trashi Yangtse, 27°36’49” N, 91°29’34” E, 1760 m, 18.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bhutan, Mongar, 8 km E Kori-La Pass, Wangdi); 1 ♂, Bhutan, Wangdue Phodrang, Ra- 27°18’ N, 91°20’ E, 1975 m, 28–29.v.2017 (C. chau, 8 km W Nobding, 27°31’12” N, 90°5’12” Gielis & K. Wangdi); 3 ♀, Bhutan, Pema Gatshel, E, 2090 m, 12.viii.2016 (C. Gielis & K. Wang- Bartseri, 27°02’43” N, 91°25’12” E, 1650 m, di); 1 ♂, Bhutan, Trashi Yangtse, Trashi Yangtse, 29.v.2017 (T. Nidup & W. Klein), prep CG 27°36’30” N, 91°29’30” E, 1765 m, 26–27.v.2017 7324; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Bhutan, Zhemgang, Zhemgang, (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi); 1 ♀, Bhutan, Samdrup 27°12’30” N, 90°40’00” E, 2020 m, 5.vi.2017 Jongkhar, Deothang, 26°51’ N, 91°27’30” E, 900 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi); 1 ♀, Bhutan, Chhukha, m, 20–21.v.2017 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi). 15 km S Gedu, Deorali, 26°47’ N, 89°37’ E, 1550 m, 18.v.2017 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Hellinsia aruna Arenberger, 1991 1 without abdomen, Bhutan, Chhukha, 8 km S Figs 19, 40, 56, 76 Gedu, Darla, 10.xi.2016, 11.xi.2016, 12.xi.2016, Hellinsia aruna Arenberger, 1991: 16 — Nepal. 13.xi.2016 (K. Wangdi), prep CG 7313 (♀). Material. 4 ♀, Bhutan, Bumthang, UWICE com- pound, 27°32’39” N, 90°43’22” E, 2910 m, Hellinsia fuscomarginata Arenberger, 1991 5.ix.2016, 25.ix.2016 (K. Wangdi), prep CG Fig. 77 7277; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Bhutan, Trashigang, Kanglung, Hellinsia fuscomarginata Arenberger, 1991: 14 27°16’30” N, 91°31’30” E, 1900 m, 25.v.2017 — Nepal. (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7318 (♂); 2 Remarks: Reported in the literature (Ustjuzhanin ♂, 6 ♀, Bhutan, Trashi Yangtse, Trashi Yangtse, et al. 2017): Paro, Bumthang. 27°36’30” N, 91°29’30” E, 1765 m, 21.v.2017, 26–27.v.2017 (T. Nidup & W. Klein; C. Gielis Hellinsia laciniata Arenberger, 1991 & K. Wangdi), prep CG 7328 (♀); 1 ♀, Bhutan, Fig. 78 Tsirang, Damphu, 27°00’30” N, 90°07’30” E, Hellinsia laciniata Arenberger, 1991: 14 — Nepal. 1530 m, 9–10.vi.2017 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi); Remarks: Reported in the literature (Ustjuzhanin et al. 2017): Wangdue Phodrang.

Adaina microdactyla (Hübner, [1813]) Figs 20, 41, 57, 79 microdactyla Hübner, [1813]: pl. 5, figs. 26, 27 — . Pterophorus carphodactylus Stephens, 1835: 374 — England. Adaina subflavescens Meyrick, 1930: 568 — Indonesia. Adaina montivola Meyrick, 1937: 170 — China. madecasseus Gibeaux, 1994: 130 — . Material. 1 ♂, Bhutan, Chhukha, 8 km S Gedu, Darla, 26°51’52” N, 89°33’40” E, 9.xi.2016 (K. Wangdi), Fig. 18. Imago of Hellinsia bhutanensis Arenberger, 1995. prep CG 7321; 2 ♀, Sarpang, 15 km NE Gelegphu,

Gielis & Wangdi: The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera) 87

Fig. 20. Imago of (Hübner, Fig. 21. Imago of Pterophorus karmawangdii Gielis, [1813]). spec. nov.

26°56’30” N, 90°32’00” E, 730 m, 8.vi.2017 (C. Male genitalia asymmetrical. Left valva slightly Gielis & K. Wangdi). New for Bhutan. longer than right valva, with slender saccular process Host plants. L. (Gielis which has a twist at base. Right valva with slender 2003, Matthews & Lott 2005). saccular process, a little longer than left saccular pro- cess, with twist in middle. Uncus slender, curved. Pterophorus flavus Arenberger, 1991 Tegumen bilobed. Anellus arm single, terminally Fig. 80 curved, with acute tip. Saccus broad, curved. Phallus Pterophorus flavus Arenberger, 1991: 18 — Nepal. almost straight, without cornutus. Remarks: Reported in the literature (Ustjuzhanin Female genitalia. Unknown. et al. 2017): Wangdue Phodrang.

Pterophorus karmawangdii Gielis, spec. nov. Ecology Figs 21, 42, 81 The moth flies in August at an altitude of 1900 me- Type material. Holotype, ♂, Bhutan, Trashigang, ters. Host unknown. Kanglung, 27°16’30” N, 91°31’30” E, 1900 m, 29.viii.2016 (W. Klein), prep CG 7322, coll. NBC, Serbithang. Distribution Bhutan: Trashigang. Diagnosis Pterophorus karmawangdii belongs to a group of Etymology plume moths with the wings white with scattered The species is named after, and to honor, Mr. Karma black scales. The species can be identified by the gen- Wangdi, a forest ranger with a great interest in Lepi- ital structures. In P. karmawangdii the male genitalia doptera. He has composed a series of books on the show slender saccular processes with a corkscrew-like of Bhutan. His great knowledge of nature, twist. This shape is unique, and has not been met in the landscapes and biotopes of Bhutan, combined other species in this . with his desire to learn more about the moths of the country, makes him a great source of information and support for field work. Description Male. Wingspan 25 mm. Cosmoclostis pesseuta Meyrick, 1906 Head pale brown. Palps 1.5 × eye diameter, slen- Figs 22, 43, 58, 82 der, protruding. Antennae basally pale brown, grad- Cosmoclostis pesseuta Meyrick, 1906: 134 — Sri ually turning white in distal half, ciliated. Lanka. Thorax, abdomen and legs white. Forewings white Cosmoclostis premnicola Fletcher, 1932: 1 — India. with scattered black scales; underside white, dorsum Material. 1 ♀, Bhutan, Samdrup Jongkhar, Deo- of first lobe with indistinct row of black scales. Hind thang, 26°51’00” N, 91°28’30” E, 900 m, 20– wings white with scattered black scales; underside 21.v.2017 (C. Gielis & K. Wangdi), prep CG white with first and third lobe with indistinct row 7314. New for Bhutan. of black scales; venous scales ochreous-white, in a Host plants. Premna latifolia Roxb. (Gielis 2003, single row. Matthews & Lott 2005).

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Fig. 25. Male genitalia of Platyptilia sedata Meyrick, 1932.

Fig. 22. Imago of Cosmoclostis pesseuta Meyrick, 1906.

Fig. 23. Male genitalia of Platyptilia farfarellus Zeller, Fig. 26. Male genitalia of Amblyptilia fibigeri Gielis, 1867. 1999.

Fig. 24. Male genitalia of Platyptilia gandaki Gielis, Fig. 27. Male genitalia of Amblyptilia skoui Gielis, 1999. 1999.

Gielis & Wangdi: The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera) 89

Fig. 31. Male genitalia of Xyroptila oenophanes Mey- rick, 1908.

Fig. 28. Male genitalia of Stenoptilia zophodactylus (Duponchel, 1840).

Fig. 29. Male genitalia of Stenoptilodes taprobanes Fig. 32. Male genitalia of Sphenarches anisodactylus (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875). (Walker, 1864).

Fig. 30. Male genitalia of Lantanophaga pusillidactylus Fig. 33. Male genitalia of Sphenarches zanclistes (Mey- (Walker, 1864). rick, 1905).

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Fig. 37. Male genitalia of Diacrotricha fasciola Zeller, 1852. Fig. 34. Male genitalia of Oxyptilus causodes Meyrick, 1905.

Fig. 38. Male genitalia of Gypsocharus catharotus (Meyrick, 1908)

Fig. 35. Male genitalia of Crombrugghia distans (Zel- ler, 1847).

Fig. 36. Male genitalia of Procapperia pelecyntes (Mey- Fig. 39. Male genitalia of Hellinsia bhutanensis Aren- rick, 1908). berger, 1995.

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Fig. 40. Male genitalia of Hellinsia aruna Arenberger, 1991.

Fig. 42. Male genitalia of Pterophorus karmawangdii Gielis, spec. nov.

Fig. 41. Male genitalia of Adaina microdactyla (Hüb- ner, [1813]).

Fig. 43. Male genitalia of Cosmoclostis pesseuta Mey- rick, 1906.

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Fig. 44. Female genitalia of Platyptilia farfarellus Zel- Fig. 46. Female genitalia of Platyptilia sedata Meyrick, ler, 1867. 1932.

Fig. 45. Female genitalia of Platyptilia gandaki Gielis, Fig. 47. Female genitalia of Stenoptilia zophodactylus 1999. (Duponchel, 1840).

Gielis & Wangdi: The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera) 93

Fig. 48. Female genitalia of Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875).

Fig. 50. Female genitalia of Sphenarches anisodactylus (Walker, 1864).

Fig. 49. Female genitalia of Lantanophaga pusillidacty- lus (Walker, 1864).

Fig. 51. Female genitalia of Crombrugghia distans (Zel- ler, 1847).

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Fig. 52. Female genitalia of Procapperia pelecyntes Fig. 54. Female genitalia of Gypsocharus catharotus (Meyrick, 1908). (Meyrick, 1908)

Fig. 53. Female genitalia of Diacrotricha fasciola Zel- Fig. 55. Female genitalia of Hellinsia bhutanensis Aren- ler, 1852. berger, 1995.

Gielis & Wangdi: The Pterophoridae of Bhutan (Lepidoptera) 95

Fig. 58. Female genitalia of Cosmoclostis pesseuta Mey- rick, 1906.

Fig. 56. Female genitalia of Hellinsia aruna Arenberg- er, 1991.

Fig. 57. Female genitalia of Adaina microdactyla (Hüb- ner, [1813]).

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Fig. 59. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Ochyrotica connexiva (Walsingham, 1891).

Fig. 60. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Platyptilia farfarellus Zeller, 1867.

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Fig. 61. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Platyptilia gandaki Gielis, 1999.

Fig. 62. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Platyptilia sedata Meyrick, 1932.

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Fig. 63. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Amblyptilia fibigeri Gielis, 1999.

Fig. 64. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Amblyptilia skoui Gielis, 1999.

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Fig. 65. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Stenoptilia caroli Arenberger, 1988.

Fig. 66. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Stenoptilia zophodactylus (Duponchel, 1840).

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Fig. 67. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Stenoptilodes taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875).

Fig. 68. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Lantanophaga pusillidactylus (Walker, 1864).

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Fig. 69. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Xyroptila oenophanes Meyrick, 1908.

Fig. 70. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Sphenarches anisodactylus (Walker, 1864).

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Fig. 71. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Sphenarches zanclistes (Meyrick, 1905).

Fig. 72. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Oxyptilus causodes Meyrick, 1905.

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Fig. 73. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Crombrugghia distans (Zeller, 1847).

Fig. 74. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Gypsocharus catharotus (Meyrick, 1908)

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Fig. 75. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Hellinsia bhutanensis Arenberger, 1995.

Fig. 76. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Hellinsia aruna Arenberger, 1991.

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Fig. 77. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Hellinsia fuscomarginata Arenberger, 1991.

Fig. 78. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Hellinsia laciniata Arenberger, 1991.

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Fig. 79. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Adaina microdactyla (Hübner, [1813]).

Fig. 80. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Pterophorus flavus Arenberger, 1991.

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Fig. 81. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Pterophorus karmawangdii Gielis, spec. nov.

Fig. 82. Map of distribution in Bhutan of Cosmoclostis pesseuta Meyrick, 1906.

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