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Thesis and Dissertation Template Examining Variables Related to Help-seeking and Victimization Differences after Coercive Intercourse Item Type Dissertation Authors Faulkner, Ginger Download date 29/09/2021 13:35:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/1653 VITA Ginger Faulkner EDUCATION Ph.D. Indiana State University Major: Counseling Psychology Expected Graduation Date: August, 2011 APA-Accredited Program Terre Haute, Indiana M.S. Eastern Washington University Major: Clinical/Experimental Psychology Graduated: May, 2004 Cheney, Washington B.A. Arizona State University Major: Psychology Graduated: August, 2001 Tempe, Arizona EMPLOYMENT Student Counseling Services Intern 08/2010 – 08/2011 Iowa State University, Ames, IA Staff Counselor 08/2009 – 06/2010 Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN Behavioral Health Intern 06/2008 – 07/2010 Family Medicine Center, Terre Haute, IN Counselor 08/2007 – 06/2009 St. Mary-of-the-Woods College Counseling Center, SMW, IN Therapist 08/2003 - 06/2004 Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA EXAMINING VARIABLES RELATED TO HELP-SEEKING AND VICTIMIZATION DIFFERENCES AFTER COERCIVE INTERCOURSE _______________________ A dissertation Presented to The College of Graduate and Professional Studies Department of Communication Disorders and Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology Indiana State University Terre Haute, Indiana ______________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _______________________ by Ginger Faulkner August 2011 Keywords: Sexual Coercion, Help-Seeking, Gender Role Socialization ii COMMITTEE MEMBERS Committee Chair: Debra Leggett, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Counseling Indiana State University Committee Member: Michele C. Boyer, Ph.D. Department Chairperson, Professor of Counseling Psychology Indiana State University Committee Member: Eric Hampton, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Educational and School Psychology Indiana State University iii ABSTRACT The issue of sexual violence against women has been an area of interest to psychological researchers because of its importance and prevalence in America. A problem that has been attracting more attention recently is sexual coercion against women, especially on college campuses. Researchers have consistently found that over half of college women have been victim to coercive sexual encounters (Struckman-Johnson, Struckman-Johnson, & Anderson, 2003) making this a serious problem in need of greater understanding. Researchers have also found that sexual coercion can cause a variety of problems, yet victims typically do not seek help after these experiences (Fisher, Daigle, Cullen, & Turner, 2003; Siegel, Golding, Stein, Burnam, & Sorenson, 1990). Thus, understanding factors that can encourage sexual coercion victims to seek help is important. Additionally, researchers have reported inconsistent results regarding differences between women who have and have not experienced sexual coercion (Bernard, Bernard, & Bernard, 1985; Faulkner, Kolts, & Hicks, 2008). A clearer understanding of victimization differences would allow for greater insight into sexual coercion. The first purpose of this study was to explore if sexual assertiveness (SA), sexual self-esteem (SSE), and rape myth acceptance (RMA) predicted help-seeking behaviors in college women who had experienced coercive intercourse. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was utilized to determine whether the variables SA, SSE, and RMA predicted a significant proportion of the variance in help-seeking behaviors after a coercive experience. The second aspect of this study was to examine whether the variables of SA, SSE, and RMA differed between women who have iv and have not experienced coercive intercourse. This was determined through a multiple analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results indicated no significant relationship between SA, SSE, and RMA and help-seeking behaviors. However, significant differences were found between victims and non-victims of coercive intercourse on SA and SSE. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my dissertation committee Dr. Debra Leggett, Dr. Michele Boyer, and Dr. Eric Hampton for all their support, encouragement, and dedication to me and this project. The relationships I have fostered with each one of you has allowed me to grow personally and professionally. I would especially like to acknowledge Debra Leggett, my dissertation chair, for her never ending kindness, enthusiasm, and help. You have truly been a wonderful mentor and a very important person in my life. I would like to thank my parents whose values, guidance, and work ethic have made me the person I am today. I know you are proud of my accomplishments and your encouragement instilled the confidence in me to reach my goals. Thank you to my partner for always being there, and reminding me of my strength. I know you have shared my stress throughout this experience. I appreciate you being such a strong foundation for me. Without you, and your willingness to give me full reign to choose our vacation destinations, this would have been exponentially more difficult. I want to give a huge “thank you” to my nana and poppa. Without your constant support, encouragement, and love this truly would have never been possible. It‟s your continued belief in me that has pushed me through the times I struggled to move forward. You both have been an inspiration and I want you to know how very much I appreciate everything you have done, and continue to do, for me. Lastly, thank you to my friends who I have relied on for support and assistance. I want to vi especially thank Keya whose support, humor, and kindness has meant so much to me. You have helped me grow emotionally and spiritually, and showed me true friendship. I would never have made it through our doctoral program without you. Thank you to my best friend Cari. Your support, encouragement, and “dissertation survival package” helped me more than you will ever know. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS COMMITTEE MEMBERS ............................................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Research Addressing Violence Against Women .................................................................2 Definition of Sexual Coercion .............................................................................................3 Sexual Coercion and Help-Seeking Behaviors ....................................................................9 Differences Between Victims and Non-Victims................................................................14 Purposes of this Study ........................................................................................................15 Need for this Study ............................................................................................................17 Definition of Terms............................................................................................................20 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ...............................................................................................21 Prevalance of Sexual Coercion ..........................................................................................21 Effects of Sexual Coercion ................................................................................................24 Help-Seeking Behaviors ....................................................................................................27 Gender Role Socialization .................................................................................................32 Traditional Gender Roles and Sexual Coercion .................................................................36 Sexual Assertiveness ..........................................................................................................38 viii Sexual Self-Esteem ............................................................................................................42 Rape Myth Acceptance ......................................................................................................46 Summary ............................................................................................................................48 METHODS ....................................................................................................................................50 Participants .........................................................................................................................50 Instrumentation ..................................................................................................................56 Procedures ..........................................................................................................................67 Data Analysis .....................................................................................................................73 RESULTS ......................................................................................................................................79
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