Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics Edited by Kanchan Chandra Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12344-1 - Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics Edited by Kanchan Chandra Index More information

Index

“leadership” rule attendance in parliament, 9, 31 defined, 211 Aurangabad, 39 “plurality” rule autocratic parties. See party organization defined, 211 73rd Amendment, 253, 264 Baba, K. C. Singh, 15 74th constitutional amendments, 263 Babbar, Raj, 243 backward caste(s), 3, 5, 22–4, 27, 28, 49, 50, Abdullah, Farooq, 238 146, 175, 207, 210, 211, 215, 218, 220–2, Abdullah, Omar, 238, 263 224, 226, 229, 231, 232, 234, 235, 254. Abdullah, Sheikh. See Abdullah, Sheikh See also OBC and Backward Classes Mohammad Backward Classes, 233 Abdullah, Sheikh Mohammad, 238 Backwardness, 84, 95, 101 Abdullahs, 1 Badal, Sukhbir Singh, 30, 43 Adhikari, Sisir, 36 Badals, 6 Adhikari, Suvendu, 36 Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), 9, 110, 113, 121, Adnan Farooqui, 117 123, 127, 142, 210–11, 215, 221, 226, Advani, L K, 162, 215, 243 232–4, 236–7 affirmative action, 23, 28, 173, 175 BSP, 197–8 Afghanistan, 144, 154–5, 167 Bailey, F. G., 66 age, 14–15, 24, 28, 30, 40, 50–1, 247, 249 BAMCEF, 110 AIADMK. See All India Anna Dravida Bamzai, 95 Munnetra Kazhagam Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 143 AITC. See All India Trinamool Congress Banerjee and Somanathan, 86 Ajmer, 71 Banerjee, Abhishek, 122 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Banerjee, Mamata, 122, 157, 243 (AIADMK), 111, 119, 123–4, 142, 211, 215 Bangladesh, 143–4, 154, 167, 170 All India Congress Committee (AICC), 42, Banias, 23 152, 227–8, 236 Bannerjee, A C (1951), 76 All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen, 212, 223 Bansgaon, 183 All India Trinamool Congress, 36 Bean plots, 95, 98 Alwar, 68 Belgium, 4 Ambareesh, 229 Bhandari, Sunder Singh, 162 Amethi, 6, 30, 161 Bharat,95 Andhra Pradesh, 23, 157, 163, 229 Bharati, Uma, 163–4, 167 Argal, Ashok, 173–5, 182, 196, 201 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 9, 15, 24, 26, Argal, Chhaviram, 173 29, 38–42, 44–5, 54, 56, 83, 93, 109, aristocracies, 56 111, 116–18, 126, 131, 133, 138, 141–2, aristocracy, 12, 15, 48 145, 147–8, 151–2, 157, 159, 162–7, aristocrat, 57 172–4, 176, 185, 188, 190, 195, 196, aristocratic families, 24 198, 203, 212, 215, 230, 241, 243, Asako, 2, 9, 52, 107, 134, 187 260–1, 264–5 Assam United Democratic Front, 223 Bharatiya Lok Dal, 111

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12344-1 - Democratic Dynasties: State, Party, and Family in Contemporary Indian Politics Edited by Kanchan Chandra Index More information

Index 271

Bharatpur, 69 Chhattigsarh, 91, 117 Bhavnani, Rikhil, 176 Chhibber, Pradeep, 2, 107, 115–17, 159, 176, Bhil, 69 188, 259 Bhind, 174 Chidambaram, P., 250 Bhutan, 3 Chief Minister, 1, 14–15, 25, 29–30, 35, 56, Bhutto, Benazir, 143 83, 229, 232, 237 Bihar, 29, 37, 39, 54, 106, 110, 117, 136, 157, chief ministers, 13 160, 183, 185 Choudhry, Shruti, 161 Biju Janata Dal, 111 Chowdhury, R K, 233 Bikaner, 60, 64, 69–70 Christie, Ian, 67 birth, 12, 47–8 Churchill, Winston, 70 Bissau, 77 civil society, 107, 115 Biswas, 84 clientelism, 95, 101 BJD. See Biju Janata Dal Clinton, Hillary, 30 BJS. See Jana Sangh coalition, 48–9 Bohlken and Chandra 2014, 42 co-ethnic dynasties, 208–10, 218, 221, 223 Bondurant, Joan V., 59 Cohen, Gerald, 239 Bose, Ajoy, 189, 205 communal, 79 Brahmin, 211, 234 communalism, 80 Brahmins, 23 Communist Party of India, 40, 111, 116–18, brand, 42–3 127, 211, 222 Brass, Paul, 88, 97, 101, 103, 262–3 Communist Party of India (Marxist), 40, 105–6, Britain, 56, 67, 82 108, 116–18, 127, 211 BSP. See Bahujan Samaj Party Communist(s), 60, 212, 230 Bundi, 62, 69, 76 companies, 129–30 bureaucracy, 32, 35, 37 competition, 41, 48 bureaucrats, 37 competitiveness, 49 business, 35, 37, 48, 56, 60, 101 concurrent ties, 181 Congress, 136, 141–3, 145, 147, 149–52, 155, cabinet, 1, 13–14 157, 160, 162, 164–6, 170–1, 241, 245, campaign, 18, 29–32 247, 260–1, 263, See also Indian Campbell, Angus, 59 National Congress Canada, 4 constituencies, 7, 13, 18, 32, 39, 45–6, 49 candidate quality, 115, 127 Constitution of India, 23, 28, 155–6, 171 candidate selection, 208, 218, 226 contestation, 35, 49 candidates, 15, 29–30, 32, 35–7, 39–44, 46, Corbridge and Harriss, 83 48–9, 54 corruption, 34 Capito, Shelley Moore, 150 cow slaughter, 74 Carey and Polga-Hecimovich 2006, CPI, See Communist Party of India 264 CPI-M, 241, 260, 264, See also Communist Carlevan, 83, 91, 102–3 Party of India (Marxist) Casey, Kimberly, 150 criminal indictment, 30 Central Election Committee, 226–7, culture, 5–7, 12, 131, 133–4 232 centralization. See party centralization Dahl, Robert, 239 Census of India, 85–7, 95, 97–8 Dal Bo, Dal Bo, and Snyder, 2, 4, 10, 52, 107, Chakravarty, Bijoya, 163 135, 143, 170, 266–7 Chandra and Umaira, 38, 48, 84, 259 dalit, 36, 176, 183, 188–9, 197, Chandresh Kumari Katoch, 94 See also scheduled caste(s) (SC) Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra, 164, 170 Darjeeling, 93 Chaudhury, Kiran, 30 de Kirchner, Cristina Fernandez, 120, 143, 149 Chaudhary, Dalbir Singh, 183 debates in parliament, 31 Chavan, Ashok Shankarrao, 1 decentralization. See party decentralization Chavan, Shankarrao Bhavrao, 1 defection, 38–40 Cheema, Javid, and Naseer 2013, 56 defectors, 134

272 Index

Delhi (New Delhi), 89, 129–30, 136, 148, 163, locally rooted, 37–8, 44 165–6, 169–70 Nehru-Gandhi, 147, 149, 161–2 Delimitation, 86 old regime, 7 Delimitation Commission Act, 174 political, 136, 147 democratic dynasties, 1, 12, 24 related to party leader, 25 Democratic Party, 107 sequential, 36 descent-based identities, 208 Devi, Rabri, 136 Eastern India, 89 Dhebar, U. N., 61 Economic growth, 84–5 Dholpur, 56, 69 education, 30, 47, 50, 84–5, 87, 98, 102, 241, Dhumals, 1 249–50 Dikshit, Sheila, 136, 165 Election Commission of India, 174 Dikshit, Uma Shankar, 136 elections 83, 85, 90, 94, 101–2, 137, 143, district administration, 32 147–51, 155–7, 159, 161, 164–5, 167, DMK, 245, See also Dravida Munnetra 169, 171–2, 236 Kazhagam Emergency, 111 dominance, 24 emoluments, 34 dominant groups, 241 employment, 34 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, 42, 110–11, employment “crisis”,57 117, 123, 226 Erdman, Howard L, 57 DS-4, 110 ethnic, 13, 22, 24, 27–8, 41, 173, 197 Duflo, Esther, 164, 169 definition, 210 Dungarpur, 60, 69 ethnic category, 208, 210–12, 218, 226, 228 Dunning and Nilekani 2013, 262 ethnic dominance, 211–12 Dunning, Thad, 176, 201–2 ethnic group, 208, 211 Dushkin, Lelah, 176, 194 ethnic identity, 211 Dushyant Singh, See Scindia family ethnic identity, group or category, defined, 13 Dworkin, Ronald, 239 ethnic inclusion, 208, 210 dynastic advantage, 9, 240–1, 255, 263 ethnic outsider dynasties, 208, 210, 219, 221, 223 dynastic candidates, 107–8, 125, 133 ethnic parties, 197, 208 dynastic class ethnic platform, 208 average age, 25 ethnic plurality, 212 characteristics, 24–9 ethnically divided democracies, 208 ethnic profile, 27–9 ethnicity, 4, 210, 212 gender composition, 27 distinguished from family, 4–5 party affiliation, 25–6 exclusion, 3, 5, 9, 12, 47–8 regional background, 26 experience, 30, 32, 42–3, 47, 50 royal background, 24 dynastic MP Fackler, Martin, 150 defined, 13–15, 39 factional, 5, 9, 41, 50, 120, 149 Dynastic politicians, 84–5, 87, 89, 94–5, 97–8, factional leaders, 187 102 factionalism, 120 dynastic politics, 141 faction(s), 4, 41, 120, 126, 209, 225–6, Dynastic politics, 83, 103 228–31, 234 dynastic succession. See leadership succession family, 238–42, 245, 253, 255, 257–8, 262–3 dynastic ties, 136–7, 140, 142–3, 147, 149, definition, 13 159–60, 163–5, 167 family connections, 238–40, 242, 257, 262 dynasticism, 137, 143, 145, 149, 170, 175–7, family values, 30 179, 184, 186–8, 190, 197, 200–2, 204 Farooqui and Sridharan 2014, 37, 245 Dynasticism, 84–5, 88, 92, 103, See also Feinstein, Brian, 2, 43, 150, 187 dynasticism female, 253, 259 dynasties 84–5, 87, 94–5, 101–3 feudal, 58, 61, 64, 68–9, 71–2, 74, 78, 83–5, concurrent, 25, 35–6 95, 101–2 important, 25 Fisher, Margaret W., 59 local roots, 25 Forward Bloc, 117

Index 273

forward castes, 3, 9, 27–8, 50, 146, 175, Haryana, 30, 126, 148, 160, 183, 246, 263 207–35, 240, 252, 254 Hazari, Maneshwar, 183 forward-caste dominated parties, 210, 212, Hazaribagh, 1, 29 215 hereditary occupation, 131 forward-caste-led parties, 225 hierarchy, 23, 30, 32 Frankel and Rao, 28 Himachal Pradesh, 94 French, Patrick, xviii, 242 Hindaun, 62 Fukai, Shigeko, 150, 170 Hindu, 3, 9, 23, 27, 48, 54, 212, 235–6 Fukui, Haruhiro, 150, 170 Hindu Code, 75, 79 Hindu Mahasabha, 60, 63, 74 Gadkari, Nitin, 162, 215 Hinduism, 131 Galanter, Marc, 176, 194, 198 Horowitz, Donald, 208 Ganderbal, 1 House of Lords, 4, 56 Gandhi family, 189, See also Nehru-Gandhis Gandhi, Indira, 29, 136, 142–3, 147, 159, 184, Iceland, 4 See also Nehru Gandhis Ichino and Nathan 2013, 264 Gandhi, Maneka, 161, 165, 171, See also INC. See Indian National Congress Nehru-Gandhis inclusion, 3, 5, 9, 12, 23, 51, 208, 210, 234 Gandhi, Maneka, See Nehru-Gandhi family Incumbency advantage, 150 Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, 74, 137 incumbents, 37, 43 Gandhi, Priyanka, 147, 149, See also independents, 46, 57, 60, 63, 225 Nehru-Gandhis Indian National Congress, 1, 9, 15, 24, 26, 29, Gandhi, Rahul, 137, 161, 166, 171, 227, 235, 35, 39–42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 56–8, 60–4, 242, See also Nehru-Gandhis 66, 68–70, 76–8, 80, 84, 88, 105–6, 108– Gandhi, Rajiv, 136, 148, 184, See also 11, 114, 117, 123–6, 131, 133, 210, 212, Nehru-Gandhis 215, 226–7, 229, 235–7, 265 Gandhi, Sonia, 136, 142–3, 147–9, 152, 159, Congress, 176, 184–5, 188, 195, 199 161, 165, 171–2, See also Nehru-Gandhis INC, 174, 184, 190, 194, 197–9, 203 Gandhi, Varun, 161, See also Nehru-Gandhis indigenous, 24 Ganganagar, 69 institutionalist, 5, 12 Gash, Norman, 65 institutions, 12 gender, 21, 142–3, 150, 157, 165, 167 internal democracy, 264 female politicians, 143, 155 intraparty advancement, 199 male politicians, 138, 143, 155 intra-party democracy, 202, 205 general constituency, 189–90 intra-party elections, 199 General seat, 175, 181, 189–90, 197, See also intra-party politics, 209–10, 224, 234 Open seat; General seat Irani, Smriti, 160, 172 Ghana, 3 Ireland, 4 GIS, 85–6 Israel, 4 Gogois, 1 Iyer, Lakshmi, 91, 103 Gonda district, 88 Gopal Jayal, Niraja, 176, 194–5 Jaffrelot and Kumar 2009, 28–9, 207 Gowda and Sridharan, 43 Jaffrelot, Christophe, 83, 88, 196 Grimes, Alison Lundergan, 150 jagir, 66, 76–7 gross state domestic product, 129 jagirdars, 7, 15, 24, 56–7, 60, 62, 64–5, 67–8, GSDP, See gross state domestic product 70–2, 74–8, 81 Gujarat, 186, 229 Jaipur, 56, 58–9, 62, 69, 73, 75, 77–8 Gujjar, 229 Jaisalmer, 59 Guna, 56 Jaitley, Arun, 148 Gwalior, 15 Jammu and Kashmir National Conference, 223, 239 Habakkuk, H. J., 71 Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Hagan, Kay, 150 Party, 223 Hamirpur, 1 Jan Sangh, 60, 63, 74–5, 79–80, 109, 111, 162, Hart 1988, 239 173

274 Index

Janata Dal, 110–11 Kumar, Sanjay, 196 Janata Dal (Secular), 110–11 Kumaratunga, Chandrika, 143 Janata Dal (United), 39, 110, 120, 123–4, 166 Kumari, Selja, 183 Janata Party, 110–11 Kurmis, 232 Japan, 3–4 Kymlicka, Will, 4 Jat Sikhs, 23 Jats, 23, 69 labour, 34 Jayal, Niraja Gopal, 25, 28–9, 176, 207 labour force, 34 Jayalalitha, 119, 138, 142, 211 Lakshadweep, 24, 185 JD. See Janata Dal Lal, Bansi, 30 JD(S). See Janata Dal (Secular) land, 33 JD(U). See Janata Dal (United) land owners, 37 Jeffrey, Craig, 35 landlords, 66 Jharkhand, 117, 186 Landrieu, Mary, 150 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, 29, 186, 222 Laxman, Bangaru, 162, 197 JMM, 186, 188 leadership succession, 108, 116, 119–22, 125, 134 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik), 223 dynastic succession, 108, 115, 119–20, Jodhpur, 59–61, 64–5, 67–71, 75, 77, 94 122–4 joint families, 131 non-dynastic succession, 108, 113, 119, Jordan, 144 121–4 Joshi, Murli Manohar, 162 legislature Joshi, Subhadra, 160 national, 141 state, 140, 142, 150–2, 154–7, 159, 161, Kadapa, 1 163–5, 167–9, 195 Kaliabor, 1 legitimacy, 119, 174, 200 Kammas, 23 Lesotho, 3 Kangra, 94 Levy, Harold, 75 Karnataka, 110, 136, 147, 151, 227–9, 236 liberalization, 33 Bellary, 147 Lijphart 1977, 208 Karunanidhi family, 189 literacy, 59 Karunanidhi, M, 42, 226 LJP. See Lok Jan Shakti Party Kashmir, 238 local, 30, 44 Kaur, Preneet, 161 local organization, 262 Kaushal, Swaraj, 148 local self-government, 263 Kerala, 157 locally rooted dynasties, 37–8, 44, 116 Key, V. O., 59 Lok Janshakti Party, 106, 111, 131, 215, 221 Khan, Mohammad Azam, 231 Lok Sabha, 85, 87, 94–5, 142–3, 145, 148, 151, Kharge, Mallikarjun, 195 153, 155, 161, 170, 238–9, 242, 244, Khetri, Raja of, 77 246–9, 251, 253–5, 257–8, 260, 262 Khurana, Madan Lal, 162 lower castes, 110 Khurshid, Salman, 250 loyalty, 38, 42, 120 kickbacks, 34 kinship, 4 Madhepura, 36 Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party, 63 Madhya Bharat, 72 Kochanek, Stanley, 245 Madhya Pradesh, 56, 91, 93, 102, 117, 149, Koirala, Sushila, 143 156, 162, 164, 173, 186, 196 Kotah, 68–9, 65, 76–7 Madras, 61 Kriplani, Sucheta, 161 Mahajan, Poonam, 42 Krishikar Lok Party, 60, 63 Mahajan, Pramod, 5, 42, 148, 162 Krishnamurthi, J, 162 maharaja, 60–1, 64–5, 68–70, 76–7 Kshatriya Mahasabha, 71–3, 75–6 Maharaja of Bundi, 76 Kshatriyas, 23 Maharaja of Dholpur, 56 Kumar, Meira, 35, 142, 161, 184–7, 195 Maharaja of Gwalior, 56 Kumar, Narender, 176, 194 maharajas, 57, 60, 64, 69, 77, See also princely Kumar, Nitish, 29, 39 rulers

Index 275

maharajpramukh, 70 Mukherji, S. P., 74 Maharani Gayatri Devi, 57 multi-ethnic, 208 Maharashtra, 1, 128, 160 Munde, Gopinath, 5 Mahavir, Bhai, 162 Muslim, 3, 5, 9, 23, 24, 27–8, 49–50, 74–5, Mahila Congress, 160 145–6, 168, 175, 189, 197, 207–35, 240, Mahila Morcha, 160, 163, 172 251–4, 263 male, 5 Muslim dominated parties, 215, 223, 224 Malhotra, Inder, 2 Muslim dynasties, 223 Malik, Jitendra Singh, 246, 263 Muslim League, 223 Mandawa, 77 Muslim MPs, 207, 215, 218, 223, 234 Mane, Suresh, 233 Myanmar, 143–4 Mangalore, 165 Manikandan, C. and Andrew Wyatt (2014), 13, Nadar, Kamaraj, 61 42, 176, 194, 245 Naga Peoples Front, 223 Marandi, Babulal, 223 Nagaland, 223 Marandi, Nunulal, 223 Naidu, Chandrababu, 41 Mararashtra, 23 Naidu, Manjula, 151 Marathas, 23 Naidu, Venkaiah, 148, 157, 215 Marginal workers, 97–8, 102 Naiks, 1 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, 111 name recognition, 243, 256, 263 Marwar, 65 Namier, Sir Lewis, 65, 67 Masuda, 66 Nanda, Kiran Moy, 231 Maurya, Swami Prasad, 233 Nanded, 1 Mayawati, 138, 142, 185, 188–9, 197–9, 211, Narayana, G., 176, 194, 198, 206 226, 232–3, 236 National Conference, 238, See also Jammu and McDonagh, Eileen, 150, 169 Kashmir National Conference McMillan, Alistair, 176, 194, 199 National Loktantrik Party, 223 MDMK. See Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra national parties, 126–7 Kazhagam Nationalist Congress Party, 111, 131, 136 Meghalaya, 185 Nawalgarh, 77 Member of Parliament (MP), 84–5, 87, 89, Nazira, 51 94–5, 97–8, 102, 239–43, 245–7, 249–51, NCP. See Nationalist Congress Party 253–6, 258–60, 262–5 NDA, 189 Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA), Nehru, Jawaharlal, 24, 61, 69, 80, 142, 159–61 1, 14, 36, 60, 62, 64, 66, 69, 70, 71, 73, Nehru, Motilal, 160–1 75, 77, 78, 246, 248, 257, 263, 267 Nehru-Gandhi family, 105, 109 Mendelsohn, Oliver, 176, 194, 199–200 Indira Gandhi, 20, 109, 136, 142–3, 147, Mendoza, Ronald, 2 159, 184 Menon, V. P., 60 Maneka Gandhi, 109, 161, 165, 171 MGR. See Ramachandran, M. G. Priyanka Gandhi, 147, 149 minister, 14, 29, 35, 37, 39 Rajiv Gandhi, 136, 148, 184 Mirdha, Jyoti, 161 Rahul Gandhi, 137, 161, 166, 171, 228, 235, Mishra, Satish Chandra, 233 243 Mishra, Satish Kumar, 234 Sonia Gandhi, 105, 136, 142–3, 147–9, 152, Mizoram, 148 159, 161, 165, 171–2 MLALADS, 33 Varun Gandhi, 109, 161 Modernization theory, 84, 101 Nehru-Gandhis, 1–2, 13, 15, 29, 84, 236 Modi, Narendra, 29, 162, 164, 196 Nepal, 143–4, 154, 167 monarchs, 57 nepotism, 39, 44, 241, 262 Morena, 173–4 Netherlands, 3 Morocco, 3 network ties, 42–3 Mountbatten, 70 new parties, See party age MPLADs, 31, 33 Niger, 144 Mukherjee, Abhijit, 36 Nilekani, Janhavi, 176, 201–2 Mukherjee, Pranab, 36 Nitish Kumar, 120

276 Index

nomination, 209, 229–30 organized parties, 105, 108, 113–18, 121, Non-dynastic politicians, 85, 87, 89, 94, 97–8, 101 123–4 North India, 102 party size, 125–7, 134 north-central India, 89, 92, 131 Pasi, 233 northeast India, 131 Paswan, Kamlesh, 183, 188 North-Eastern India, 89 Paswan, Ram Vilas, 184 northwest India, 19, 89, 92, 131 Patel, Sardar Vallabhbhai, 70 Norway, 4 paths to power, 239 NREGA, 33 Patil, Bhaskar Rao, 1 Nunn, Michelle, 150 patronage, 24 Pattali Makkal Katchi, 123 old parties. See party age Pawar, Sharad, 36, 136, 243 old regime, 56–9, 61, 64, 70–1, 76–8, 266 performance, 30, 32, 42–3, 45, 47 old-regime dynasties, 56–7 performance in parliament, 31 organized parties. See party organization Philippines, 4, 84, 107 Orissa, 66, 81 Piliavsky, Anastasia, 6 Other Backward Classes (OBCs), 156 Pilot, Rajesh, 229 Pilot, Sachin, 229 Pakistan, 56, 75, 79, 143–4, 154, 167, 172 PMK, See Pattali Makkal Katchi panchayat, 71, 234, 257, 263 police, 34–6 Panchayati Raj, 245 political competition, 200, 204 panchayats, 13, 156, 164, 169, 172 political equality, 239 Panda, Baijayant Jay, 84 political experience, 239–42, 244–6, 248–50, Pande, Rohini, 176, 202 252–4, 256–7, 259, 261–4 Pandit, Vijay Lakshmi, 160 political family, 102–3, 139, 142, 149, 151, Park and Tinker 1959, 75 153, 155, 157, 163, 166, 168, 260, 263 Parliament, 136, 141–3, 148, 153, 155, political resources, 239 159–61, 166, 168, 170, 172 Poverty, 84, 97–8, 101–2 Lower House, 144, 154, 169 pracharaks, 162 Parliamentary constituencies (PCs), 84–6, 90, Prada, Jaya, 243 93, 95, 97–8, 102 Pradesh Congress Committee, 61, 227 parties preceding dynastic ties, 181, 201, 242, 247, autocratic leadership, 8 249 biases, 141, 153, 169 preference for dynastic candidates, 115, dynastic leadership, 8, 13, 15, 44 119–22 organizational weakness, 3, 8, 12, 38, 44, President’s rule, 62 107, 241, 259, 262 primaries, 264 structures, 139, 149, 151, 166 Prime Minister, 12, 15, 25, 29, 37, 53, 61, 69 party age, 8, 24, 108, 122, 125, 133 Prime Ministership, 1 founding date, 109–11 princely rulers, 7, 24, See also royal new parties, 106, 108–12, 121, 123, 134 families old parties, 108–12, 123, 134 princely states, 12, 71, 90, 102 splinter parties, 109–12 princes, 58, 61, 64, 66, 68–70, 77 party centralization, 120 private sector, 129–30 party decentralization, 117 Punjab, 23, 69, 84, 160 party diversity, 187, 203 party formation, 49 Querubin, 2 party nomination, 107, 109, 114–15, 119–20, questions in parliament, 12, 31, 33, 45 238, 245, see also ticket allocation and quotas, 3, 28, 154–5, 164, 167, 169 renomination party organization, 15, 107, 113–19, 122, 124–6, Raja Kalyan Singh of Bhinai, 79 133, 187–8, 190, 199, 202, 240, 243, Raja of Khetri, 69, 77 248, 259 Raja of Mankapur, 88, 97 autocratic parties, 107–8, 114–17, 119, 123–4 Rajasthan, 56–9, 61–3, 66–8, 70–3, 75–81, 83, democratic parties, 114 90, 93, 156, 161–2, 165, 228–9, 236

Index 277

Rajasthan’s State Peoples’ Freedom Rio, Neiphu, 223 movement, 57 Rio, Zhaleo, 223 Raje, Vasundhara, 162–3 Rithambara, Sadhvi, 163 Raje, Yashodara, 162 RJD. See Rashtriya Janata Dal Rajiv Gandhi. See Nehru-Gandhi family RLD. See Rashtriya Lok Dal Rajpramukh, 69–70 Robinson 1988, 262 Rajput, 58, 60, 62, 64, 67–8, 71–81 Roopnagar, 70 Rajput Mahasabha, 62 Rootedness, 88, 94, 101 Rajya Sabha, 142, 148, 151, 155, 161, 244 Rossi, 2 Ram Rajya Parishad, 60, 63, 73–7, 79 Royal dynastic politicians, 87, 89, 94–5, 97–8 Ram, Jagjivan, 35, 142, 161, 184–5 royal family or families, 83, 85, 88, 90, 93, 97–8, Ram, Kanshi, 110, 142, 189, 198, 200 101–2. See also princely rulers Ramachandran, M.G., 119, 142 Royal non-dynastic politicians, 87, 89, 97–8 Ramachandran, Janaki, 119 RPI. See Republican Party of India Ranjan, Ranjeet, 36 RSP. See Revolutionary Socialist Party Rao, K. Chandrasekhar, 105, 110 RSS, 243 Rao Inderjit Singh, 102 Rude, George, 67 rape, 160, 165–7, 170–1 rural, 34, 46, 85, 87, 95, 97, 101–2 Rashtra Sevika Samiti, 148, 163 rural elites, 56 Rashtriya Janata Dal, 39, 106, 111, 118, 121, 123, 131, 226 sadhvis, 163 Rashtriya Lok Dal, 111 Saifai, 1 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), 147 Saikia, Debabrata, 29–30, 51 Rawal of Nawalgarh, 77 Saikia, Hiteshwar, 29 Rawls, John, 239 Samajwadi Kranti Dal, 232 Reconstruction, 107 Samajwadi Party, 9, 111, 128, 210, 215, 226, Reddy, Y. S. Jagan Mohan, 40 230–1, 235–6 Reddy family, 189 Sangh Parivar, 163 Reddy, Jagan, 229 Sanghvi, Vir, 48 Reddy, Kiran Kumar, 229 Sangma, Agatha, 185 Reddys, 1, 23 Sangma, P. A., 185 region, 18 sarpanch patis, 168–9 regional parties, 126–7, 134 Sasaram, 185 regional variation in dynasticism, 26, 125, 134 Satta, 136 religion, 13, 23–4, 74, 95, 187, 210 Sayeed, Hamdullah, 185 religious, 22, 24, 28, 57, 73, 75, 79, 101, 138, Sayeed, P. M., 185 167, 175 SC, See scheduled castes renomination, 37, 43–4, 46, 218 See also party scheduled caste(s), 3, 8, 21–4, 27, 28, 35, 50, nomination and ticket allocation 142, 145, 173, 176, 195, 198–9, 202–3, Republican Party, 107 210, 211, 213–22, 224, 226, 229, 231, Republican Party of India, 111 233–4, 262–3 Republican Party of India (Ambedkar), 221 scheduled categories, 175, 190, 194, 199, reservation(s), 21, 28, 140, 145, 151, 154–6, 201 164, 167–9, 174–6, 188, 190, 194, ST, See scheduled tribe 200–1, 203 scheduled tribe(s), 3, 8, 22, 23, 27–8, 50, 146, reserved constituency, 174–5, 184, 190, 156, 173, 176, 198–9, 202–3, 207–35, 200–1, see also reservation(s) 263 reserved seat, 175, 177, 180, 190, 196–200 Scindia family, 39, 56, 83, 88, 94, 109 for women, 137, 142–3, 145, 153–6, 165, Singh, Dushyant, 56, 109 167–8 Scindia, Jyotiraditya, 15, 56, 109 reserved categories, 176, 194 Scindia, Jyotiraditiya, 88. See also Scindia returns to ofﬁce, 3, 12, 33, 175, 186, 202. family See also state Scindia, Madhavrao, 15, 109 Revolutionary Socialist Party, 117, 222 Scindia, Madhavrao. See Scindia family Rewari dynasty, 102 Scindia, Vasundhara Raje, 15, 56, 88, 109

278 Index

Scindia family (cont.) Soren, Hemant, 186–7, 223 Scindia, Vijaya Raje, 15, 109, 162–3 Soren, Rupi, 186 Scindia, Yashodhara Raje, 56, 109 Soren, Shibu, 29, 186, 223 Sehgal, Anuradha, 136 South India, 19, 26, 89 self employment, 34 SP. See Samajwadi Party self-employed, 34 Spary, Carole, 240 Shah, Amit, 196, 215 splinter parties, See party age Sharief, C K Jaffer, 229 Sridharan, E., 117 Sharma, Brij Sunder, 62 Sri Lanka, 143–4 Shekhawati, 77 ST. See scheduled tribes Shinde, Sushil Kumar, 165, 195, 197 state, 107, 129 Shiromani Akali Dal, 30, 166, 212 discretion, 33–4, 44 Shiv Sena, 118, 121, 123, 128 dominance, 33 Shri Ram Sena, 165 patronage, 24 Shukla, Karuna, 163 returns to ofﬁce, 3, 12, 33 Shukla, Rajesh, 187, 198 State Assembly Constituencies (ACs), 86 Siddique, Naseemuddin, 233–4 subaltern, 23, 28, 41, 48, 50–1, 241, 251, 254, Sidhu, Navjot, 243 262 Singh, Ajit, 48 subaltern-dominated parties, 209–10, 212, 215, Singh, Dushyant, See Scindia family 218–20, 223 Singh, Ganga, 69 subaltern ethnic categories, 208 Singh Hanwant, 94 subaltern groups, 3, 9, 23, 28, 48, 51, 207, 209, Singh, Jaswant, 64, 75 215–16, 223–5, 234–5 Singh, Jodh, 65 subaltern representation, 209 Singh, Madan of Danta, 75 subaltern-caste dynasties, 209 Singh, Manmohan, 137 subalternity, 24 Singh, Raghubir of Jaoli, 75 subalternization, 207, 209, 215 Singh, Raghuraj Pratap, 138 success. See party success Singh, Rajnath, 152, 162, 215 succession. See leadership succession Singh, Tavleen, 2 Sule, Supriya, 36, 136, 166 Singh, Thakur Ayuwan, 64, 75 Supaul, 36 Singh, Thakur Narayan, 66 supply of dynastic candidates, 107–9, 113, 119, Singh, Jaswant, 93 125, 133 Sinha, Jayant, 29–30 Surajgarh, 77 Sinha, Mridula, 163 Suryanarayan, Pavithra, 117 Sinha, Shatrughan, 243 Suu Kyi, Aung San, 143 Sinha, Tarkeshwari, 160 Swami Karpatriji, 73, 80 Sinha, Yashwant, 29 Swaraj, Sushma, 138, 147–9, 152, 165, 167, 172 Sinhas, 1 Swatantra Party, 57 Sithraman, Nirmala, 163 Sweden, 3 skill, 30, 32, 42–3 Syria, 144 small parties, 112, 117, 123–4, 126 Smith, Daniel, xviii, xix, 2 Tamil Nadu, 142 social movements, 141, 163, 166 Taylor, Charles, 4 Ayodhya, 141, 163–4, 167 TDP. See Telugu Desam Party anti-colonial nationalist, 141, 166 Telangana, 105 JP Narayan, 141, 148 Telangana Rashtra Samithi, 105–6, 108, 110, swadeshi, 148 113, 121, 123, 212 women’s, 153 telecom, 34 socialist parties, 110–11 Telugu Desam, 41 Socialists, 60, 63, 66 Telugu Desam Party, 110, 121, 123 Sonepat, 246 Thachil, Tariq, 40, 101, 104 Sonia Gandhi, See Nehru-Gandhi family Thackeray family, 189 Soren, Basant, 223 Thailand, 3 Soren, Durga, 223 Thakre, Kusabhau, 162

Index 279

thakur(s), 64, 67, 69, 72–3, 76 104, 173, 185, 189, 197, 200, 223, 225, Thakur Bhim Singh, 77 229, 233 Thakur Devi Singh, 77 Vyas, Jay Narayan, 60–1, 65, 67 Thakur Raghubir Singh, 77 Thane, 1 Walter Krit Hitkarni Sabha, 72 Tharoor, Shashi, 243, 250 wealth, 30, 42–3, 48, 50, 129–30, 134 Ticket allocation, 32, 37–41, 48, 173–4, 180, Weiner, Myron, 75, 82, 262 184, 186–7, 190, 196, 201, 204, 209–10, West Bengal, 116, 131, 136 224–7, 230, 232, 234, See also party West India, 19, 26, 89 nomination and renomination winnability, 42, 187 tokenism, 195 Wolkowitz, Carol, 245 Trinamool Congress, 111, 122, 124–5 women, 3, 9, 21, 27, 41, 49–51, 240, 245, Tripura, 157 251–4, 259, 265 TRS. See Telangana Rashtra Samithi activism, 141, 164–5 Tully, Mark, 5, 84 dynastic, 139, 145, 159, 164, 170 twice-born castes, 23 Indian, 136–7, 143, 151 Members of Parliament (MPs), 137, 139, Udaipur, 69–70, 75, 77 142–3, 145, 151–2, 155, 159–60, Uganda, 3 164–8 underemployment, 35 Muslim, 145, 168 under-representation, 194–5 paradox of low representation and high unemployed, 34 dynasticism, 8 unemployment, 35 parliamentarians, 137, 151 United Arab Emirates (UAE), 144 politicians, 136, 138, 143, 150–1, 155 United Kingdom, 3 under-representation in parties, 8 United Nations (UN), 151 Women’s Reservation Bill, 154 United States (US), 4, 107, 150, 155 Wyatt, Andrew, 30, 117, 174, 176 unorganized parties. See party organization Yadav, Yogendra, 207 UPA, 183, 185, 189 Yadav family, 36, 231–2 upper caste, 41 Yadav, Akhilesh, 35, 231–2 Urban, 87, 95, 97, 102 Yadav, Ankur, 232 Urbanization, 84–5 Yadav, Dimple, 35 Uttar Pradesh (UP), 14, 23, 35, 48, 88, 117, 128, Yadav, Laloo Prasad, 136, 226 138, 149, 156, 160–1, 183–4, 197, Yadav, Mulayam Singh, 14, 35, 48, 226, 230, 231–2 232 Uttarakhand, 117 Yadav, Pappu, 36 Yadav, Premlata, 232 Vaishnav, Kapur and Sircar 2014, 6, 44 Yadav, Ram Gopal, 231 Vajpayee, Atal Behari, 37, 162–3, 197 Yadav, Sharad, 120, 166 Van Coppenolle, Brenda, 2, 268 Yadav, Shiv Pal, 231 Vasundhara Raje, 83, 88, 93, See also Scindia Yadav, Shivpal, 232 family Yadav, Tej Pratap, 36 Velasco Carlos, 6, 33 Yadavs, 1, 14 Verma, Arvind, 37 youth, 3, 30, 41, 49–50, 249 Verma, Beni Prasad, 232 YSR Congress, 41, 111 Verma, Rakesh, 232 YSRCP. See YSR Congress vertical mobilization, 6, 32, 57, 68, 80–1 Vicziany, Marika, 173, 199–200 Zambia, 4 Vidhan Sabha, 246 zamindar(s), 24, 56, 84 Vidhuthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi, 221 zamindari,12 Vijaya Raje Scindia. See Scindia family zamindars, 24, 56 voters, 2–4, 6–7, 13, 30, 32, 44–6, 51, 57, 59, Zhimomi, Khekiho, 223 61, 64, 66–8, 70, 80, 83–5, 98, 101–2, Zia, Khaleda, 143, 155