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Searching for Systems in the Ever-Changing Sea

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Searching for Systems in the Ever-Changing Sea Searching for Systems in the Ever-Changing Sea The First 25 Years of Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences 1974–1999 Compiled by Spencer Apollonio This PDF is an abridged and edited version of the author’s work, which is available in paperback from Lincoln County Publishing Company (207-563-3171). 2-22-19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This review was undertaken at the request of Clarice M. Yentsch, co-founder of Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. Janet Campbell was a valued participant in organizing the wealth of material and greatly contributed to the orderly presentation of the Laboratory’s wide-ranging and complex work. Darlene Trew Crist, former Communications Director of the Laboratory, assisted and encouraged the work in a number of ways and occasions. Thanks to past and present members of the Bigelow Laboratory community for contributions prepared by Hillary E. Glover, Clarice M. Yentsch, John J. Cullen, Robert M. Kidd, Christopher J. Flower, Peter F. Larsen, Rhonda Selvin, Robert A. Andersen, Richard W. Spinrad, Janet W. Campbell, Lewis S. Incze, Edward S. Gilfillan, Francis Q. Dortch, Steven G. Ackleson, and William M. (Barney) Balch. 2 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................... 2 PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................... 7 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 9 ORIGINS AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIGELOW LABORATORY .......................................................... 13 Henry Bryant Bigelow (1879–1967) .................................................................................................. 13 The History Of The Mckown Point Facilities, The First Home Of Bigelow Laboratory ....................... 14 The Founders: Charlie And Clarice Yentsch ....................................................................................... 19 Events That Led To The Move To Maine ........................................................................................... 22 The Gulf Stream Tragedy .................................................................................................................. 23 In Memoriam ...............................................................................................................................................24 THE FIRST TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF BIGELOW LABORATORY .................................................... 26 The Science Underpinnings Of Bigelow Laboratory In Its First Years (By Clarice Yentsch) ................ 26 Interdisciplinary Oceanography, 1974–1989 And Beyond (By John J. Cullen) .................................................29 Early Growth Of The Laboratory ....................................................................................................... 33 Financial Challenges And Opportunities In Early Years (By Robert Kidd) .......................................... 36 Establishing Innovative And Unique Facilities ................................................................................... 41 The Culture Collection..................................................................................................................................41 The Flow Cytometry/Cell Sorting Facility .....................................................................................................45 Remote Sensing And Image Analysis Facility .................................................................................................48 Bigelow Laboratory Tenth Anniversary ............................................................................................. 50 Bigelow Laboratory Associates Program ........................................................................................... 52 Education Programs .......................................................................................................................... 53 Gaia Crossroads (1990–1996) .......................................................................................................................53 3 The Keller BLOOM Program..........................................................................................................................55 Leadership Transitions And The Lean Years ...................................................................................... 56 Regional Engagements 1994–1999 ................................................................................................... 59 Alliance With The University Of New England ...............................................................................................59 Phytopia ......................................................................................................................................................60 Gulf Of Maine Ocean Observing System .......................................................................................................60 CHRONOLOGY OF RESEARCH .................................................................................................... 62 Research Themes In The First Ten Years (1974–1984)....................................................................... 63 Years 1974–1977 ............................................................................................................................... 63 Toxic Algae ..................................................................................................................................................63 Years 1974–1977 Continued ............................................................................................................. 65 Oil Spills .......................................................................................................................................................65 The Bay Study ..............................................................................................................................................66 Physiological Processes ................................................................................................................................67 Coastal Dynamics .........................................................................................................................................68 Dissolved Organic Matter .............................................................................................................................68 Years 1974–1976 Continued ............................................................................................................. 69 Electron Transfer System .............................................................................................................................69 Nitrogen Cycling ..........................................................................................................................................70 Years 1974–1976 Continued ............................................................................................................. 73 Intertidal And Benthic Surveys .....................................................................................................................73 Cobscook Bay ..............................................................................................................................................75 Casco Bay ....................................................................................................................................................76 Coastal Pollutants ........................................................................................................................................77 Seaweeds ....................................................................................................................................................78 Year 1976–1977 ................................................................................................................................ 79 Coastal Oceanography .................................................................................................................................79 Year 1977–1978 ................................................................................................................................ 80 Phytoplankton Dynamics .............................................................................................................................80 Upwelling Zones ..........................................................................................................................................81 4 Year 1979–1980 ................................................................................................................................ 82 Remote Sensing ...........................................................................................................................................82 Warm-Core Rings .........................................................................................................................................83 Productivity In The Gulf Of Maine ................................................................................................................84 Trace Metals ................................................................................................................................................85 Year 1980–1981 ...............................................................................................................................
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