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Vocal Health of Choral Singers from Kenya and the United States: Dysphonia and Vocal Fatigue in Relation to Musical Genres

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Vocal Health of Choral Singers from Kenya and the United States: Dysphonia and Vocal Fatigue in Relation to Musical Genres University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School April 2020 Vocal Health of Choral Singers from Kenya and the United States: Dysphonia and Vocal Fatigue in Relation to Musical Genres Morgan Jolley Burburan University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Other Education Commons, and the Speech and Hearing Science Commons Scholar Commons Citation Burburan, Morgan Jolley, "Vocal Health of Choral Singers from Kenya and the United States: Dysphonia and Vocal Fatigue in Relation to Musical Genres" (2020). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/8168 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vocal Health of Choral Singers from Kenya and the United States: Dysphonia and Vocal Fatigue in Relation to Musical Genres by Morgan Jolley Burburan A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music Concentration in Music Education School of Music College of the Arts University of South Florida Major Professor: C. Victor Fung, Ph.D. Lynne Gackle, Ph.D. Janet L.S. Moore, Ed.D. David A. Williams, Ph.D. Date of Approval: January 31, 2020 Keywords: vocalist, sing, vocal lesions, choir, CCM, traditional folk, vernacular music, popular music, non-Western, music, physiology, vocal load, pathology, training, vocal hygiene, EASE, VFI, SVHI, CAPE-V, VoxMetria, critical pedagogy Copyright © 2020, Morgan Jolley Burburan i I dedicate this dissertation to my husband Eric; children Katherine, Niko, and Conner; and to my mother Marvel Mayfield and aunt Brenda Zoby. I could not have done this without all of your love, support, and encouragement. To God be the Glory! Psalm 13:5-6 ii Acknowledgements I would like to additionally thank the following people, without whom I would not have achieved this goal. To my committee chair, Dr. Victor Fung, who has tirelessly supported my endeavors with a quiet calm that has simultaneously challenged and inspired me. You are a consummate professional, and everything that you do and say is motivated by kindness, intellectual curiosity, and respect. Dr. David Williams, thank you for not only challenging me to think outside the box, but for helping me to understand that there need not be a box. You have opened my eyes to see more students, and have shown me better ways of serving them, and it has impacted so many as a result. Thank you to Dr. Janet Moore for your warmth, for always checking in on me, and for helping me to think through obstacles and circumstances with a different lens. Dr. Lynne Gackle, thank you for inspiring me for the past 26 years, and for mentoring me since 2004. You have been my professional and personal role model, and it is you who inspired me to be the educator and conductor that I am today. Thank you to Dr. Kevin Fenton and to Ken Wakia for supporting my vision for this study, for working with me to overcome the complicated logistics, and for making accommodations to your rehearsal schedule and repertoire selection in order to allow for this research to take place. You are both exceptional educators, conductors, and humanitarians, and have made such an impact on my life. AV4P (A Voice 4 Peace) has transformed my teaching, and has inspired both myself and my students as well as countless others. I feel fortunate to call both of you friends as well as colleagues and mentors. Thank you to the ensemble members of both the Nairobi Chamber Chorus and the Festival Singers of Florida for participating in this iii seminal research, for sharing your rehearsal time with me, and for your openness and vulnerability regarding this sensitive topic for vocalists. You made this research possible, and as a result many others will benefit from your transparency. Asante sana to those in Kenya that welcomed me so warmly, making me feel that Kenya was my second home! To Ken and Jo Wakia for inviting me as a guest during my stay in Nairobi, to Leonard Wekesa, Mark Onyango, Sylvester Otieno, and Noah Ochomo for allowing me to observe and work with your students, and to Evans Mbinji Obanda for taking the time to explain the intricacies of the Kenya National Music Festival, and for answering my many questions. Additional thanks to Leonard Wekesa and the Kenyan National Music Festival officials for allowing me to observe a portion of the festival, to Dr. Emily Akuno for graciously sharing insight on this topic based on your formidable experience and research, and to Sylvester Otieno or “Shujaa” for bringing some of the joy, love, and music of Kenya to my students and I at USF! Thank you to the teachers, professors, and mentors along the way who sparked curiosity, helped me to develop a growth mindset, and nurtured whatever potential that you saw in me, especially Ronald Burrichter, Dr. Brenda Smith, Dr. Judy Bowers, Dr. Kevin Fenton, Dr. Andre Thomas, Dr. Clifford Madsen, Dr. Victor Fung, Dr. David Williams, Dr. Lynne Gackle, Dr. Clint Randles, and Dr. Jennifer Bugos. Thank you to Mary Pyfrom and Dr. Supraja Anand for thoroughly helping me to learn the intricacies of the vocal mechanism and my own voice! Thank you to my Ph.D. cohort at the University of South Florida Patrick Cooper and Danxu Ma for inspiring me to be a better student, and to Jason Sivill, Dean Spaulding, Lodi Roher, and Ebony Perez for the many hours spent helping me to “clear the fog” regarding statistics! iv My deep appreciation and love go to Allison Penn, Paul Castelli, Brittany Smith, Gina Lalane, Larkie Fleming, Traci Ruiz, Micah Hester, Randi Olsen, Holly Collins, Marcel Napalitano, Cari Smith, Wesley Roy, Evan Powers, Heidi Thompson, Erin Castelli, and to all of my family, friends, and Crosspoint family for your love, understanding, encouragement, and constant support during this long process. The phone calls, text messages, encouraging words, prayers, and acceptance of my peculiarities, busyness, and stress have been so appreciated. Like Aaron did for his brother Moses, you figuratively held my arms up for me when I was too tired to lift them myself. Thank you to my colleagues, and to my students, both former and current, for inspiring me to want to become a better educator so that I might serve your education to the best of my ability. You are the reason that I pursued education, and I hope that you likewise will pour into future generations and continue to “be the change.” To my aunt Debbie Bloom, thank you for your constant support and sacrifice to be there for my family while I have been pursuing this dream, and for all of the times that you drove my children somewhere on my behalf. To my aunt Brenda Zoby and uncle Billy, thank you for letting me bounce ideas, for your guidance, for serving as my editor-in-chief, and for allowing me to have dissertation sanctuary time at “the brown house.” You provided a place of peace and tranquility so that I might find success, and cared for my every need while there, and I am very grateful. To my mother Marvel Mayfield, there aren’t enough words to thank you. Your intellect and strength inspire me; you are truly the smartest person that I know. In overcoming past struggles, you modeled the phrase “be the change” and are the reason that this phrase is one of my life mottos. Thank you for being my biggest fan, and for our daily talks about every single aspect of my life. v To my children Katherine, Nikolai, and Conner, and my brother-in-law who is almost like a son, Trevor. I re-launched my educational career when you were six, three, and one respectively, and Trevor was fourteen. You all have grown up watching me go from being an undergraduate student, to a Master’s student, and now a Ph.D. student. Most of those years I was simultaneously teaching for 10-16 hours per day. You have sacrificed much so that I could pursue education, understanding when I had work to do, late nights, early mornings, hours staring into a computer screen, the weeks away for performances and conferences, and all the while you were cheering me on. I hope that you know that you can do anything that you want in life, and that my story impresses upon you that hard work pays off, that your circumstances don’t have to define you, and that it is never too late to pursue education. Thank you for being you, and for being the reason that I began this journey while also being my motivation for finishing it. I love you all. No one has sacrificed or loved me more than my husband, Eric. Thank you for not only putting up with me, but for being a rock on the good days and the bad. Thank you for your steadfast support, for working the extra details in order to support us, for caring for our home and children, for the cooking, laundry, cleaning, and lawn work, and for still having the energy to listen to my stories at night. Thank you for understanding that for hours, days, weeks, and even months at a time that I had to work incessantly, for watching movies by yourself, and for constantly checking on me to see if I needed anything, giving me a quick kiss of encouragement.
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