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Covered Species Technical Paper Aquatic Resources Program Habitat Conservation Plan Covered Species R E S O U R C E S Technical Paper August 2007 N A T U R A L This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements Department of Natural Resources Francea McNair - Aquatic Steward Aquatic Resources Program, Endangered Species Act Compliance Project Carol Cloen - Lead Scientist Philip Bloch, Scientist - Marine Prepared by Greg Reub - Project Manager Cody Fleece - Asst. Project Manager GIS Support: Lora McKusik, Shruti Mukhtyar, Kevin Gabel, Amanda Heyerly Species Accounts: Lynn Noel, Cody Fleece, Michael Kyte, Todd Goodsell, Darin Waller Ron Thom - Project Manager GIS Support: Amy Borde Species Accounts: Corey Duberstein, Chris May, Kathryn Sobocinski, John Southard, Greg Williams, Roy Kropp Other Contributors Species Accounts Tina Wyllie-Echeverria - Marine Fish Independent Reviewers Kelly McAllister - Amphibians and Reptiles Julia Parish - Birds Jeff Fisher, Don Gunderson, Walter Pearson - Fish Alan Kohn, Duane Neitzel - Invertebrates John Calambokidis - Marine Mammals This page intentionally left blank USGS NOAA US Fish and Wildlife Service Washington Fish and Wildlife Olympic National Sanctuary Aquatic Resources Program Habitat Conservation Plan Covered Species Technical Paper August 2007 This page intentionally left blank Contents PAGE TITLE 1-1 1. INTRODUCTION 2-1 2. COVERED SPECIES 2-1 2-1 Amphibians & Reptile 2-1 Columbia spotted Frog 2-5 Northern leopard frog 2-10 Western toad 2-14 Western pond turtle 2-18 2-2 Birds 2-18 Bald eagle 2-24 Black tern 2-28 Brown Pelican 2-33 Common loon 2-37 Harlequin duck 2-41 Marbled murrelet 2-46 Western snowy plover 2-51 2-3 Fish 2-51 Bull trout/Dolly Varden 2-56 Chinook salmon 2-65 Chum salmon 2-73 Coastal cutthroat 2-77 Coho salmon 2-86 Pink salmon 2-91 Sockeye/Kokanee salmon 2-97 Steelhead 2-103 Green sturgeon 2-108 White sturgeon 2-114 2-4 Marine Mammal 2-114 Southern resident orca 3-1 3. EVALUATION SPECIES 3-1 3-1 Amphibians 3-1 Coastal Tailed Frog PAGE TITLE 3-4 Oregon Spotted Frog 3-8 3-2 Birds 3-8 American white pelican 3-12 Cassin's auklet 3-16 Common murre 3-20 Eared grebe 3-22 Tufted puffin 3-25 3-3 Fish 3-25 Black rockfish 3-31 Bocaccio rockfish 3-37 Brown rockfish 3-42 Canary rockfish Sebastes Complex (China, Tiger, Greenstriped, and Redstripe 3-47 Rockfish) 3-52 Copper rockfish 3-59 Eulachon 3-62 Leopard dace 3-65 Olympic mudminnow 3-68 Pacific cod 3-74 Pacific hake 3-80 Pacific herring 3-88 Pacific lamprey 3-93 Pygmy whitefish 3-97 Quillback rockfish 3-103 River lamprey 3-106 Umatilla dace 3-109 Walleye pollock 3-116 Widow rockfish 3-120 Yelloweye rockfish 3-125 Yellowtail rockfish 3-129 3-4 Invertebrates 3-129 Ashy pebblesnail, Olympia pebblesnail 3-133 California floater 3-136 Lynn's clubtail 3-138 Masked and Washington duskysnails 3-141 Nerite Rams-Horn 3-143 Newcomb's littorine snail 3-145 Olympia oyster 3-149 Pinto abalone 3-152 Shortface Lanx 3-155 Western ridgemussel 3-159 3-5 Marine Mammal PAGE TITLE 3-159 Humpback whale 3-164 Northern sea otter 3-169 Steller sea-lion 3-174 3-6 Plants 3-174 Persistentsepal yellowcress 3-177 Water howellia 3-181 Water lobelia 4-1 4. WATCH LIST SPECIES 4-1 4-1 Amphibians & Reptiles 4-1 Cascades frog 4-3 Northern red-legged frog 4-4 Rocky Mountain tailed-frog 4-6 4-2 Birds 4-6 Brandt's cormorant 4-9 Clark's grebe 4-12 Peregrine falcon 4-15 Purple martin 4-18 4-3 Fish 4-18 Margined sculpin 4-19 Westslope cutthroat trout 4-20 4-4 Invertebrates 4-20 Idaho Springsnail 4-22 4-5 Marine Mammals 4-22 Blue whale 4-23 Bowhead whale 4-24 Gray whale 4-27 North Pacific Right whale 4-29 4-6 Plants 4-29 Kalm's lobelia 4-31 Pygmy water-lily 5-1 5. APPENDICES Appendix A - Species Selection Chronology Appendix B - Species / Activities Interactions Matrix by Ecosystem Appendix C – Species Data Origins Appendix D – Interim Species Designations This page intentionally left blank 1. Introduction The purpose of this document is to organize information concerning species occurring on state-owned aquatic lands that are considered Endangered, Threatened, of Concern or rare. The document is one of several technical papers developed to assist the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (Washington DNR) Aquatic Resources Program in its development of a Habitat Conservation Plan for state-owned aquatic lands. It Manage habitat in a way that contributes to reducing the risk of species extinction and that contributes to species recovery. Protect the long-term interest of the public and state as landowner. Minimize state’s financial and legal liability. Additional documents include: Potential Covered Activities Technical Paper - Identifies Washington DNR management activities that may cause take of covered species (Washington DNR 2005a). Covered Habitat Technical Paper - Identifies the location being evaluated and describes baseline habitat conditions (Washington DNR 2005b). Potential Effects and Expected Outcomes Technical Paper - Describes and quantifies the direct and indirect effects of potentially Covered Activities on Covered species and Habitats (Washington DNR 2007). 1-1 Overview of species considered and species categories 1-1.1 DESCRIPTION OF COVERED, EVALUATION, AND WATCH LIST CATEGORIES When considering species to include in the HCP, Washington DNR followed guidance provided by the ESA and the Services (US Fish and Wildlife Service and NOAA Fisheries 1996), which state that the primary “trigger” for needing an incidental take permit (Section 10(a) of ESA) is whether a species is federally Threatened or Endangered. The Services also encourage the inclusion of unlisted species (proposed and candidate species as a minimum) that are likely to be listed within the foreseeable future or within the life of the permit in order to provide more planning certainty to the permittee in the face of future species listings; and to increase the biological value of the Covered Species Technical Paper - Introduction 1-1 plan through comprehensive multi-species or ecosystem planning that is proactive in the consideration of the needs of unlisted species. To determine which species would benefit from multi-species planning and inclusion in a HCP for state-owned aquatic lands, species were assigned to the following three categories: Covered Species Species with 1) sufficient biological information (enough habitat, distribution, status or conservation potential to provide adequate conservation planning) and 2) where conservation measures exist (practical and effective measures that have demonstrated effectiveness to sustain or recover a population) or 3) species for which conservation measures can be easily defined and implemented to support an application for Section 10(a) Incidental Take Permits. Species that may not have a great deal of information available for conservation planning (e.g. habitat, distribution, status or conservation potential), but have a close habitat association to other Covered Species and would therefore, benefit sufficiently to support application for a Section 10(a) Permit. Species whose listing appears imminent unless conservation measures are instituted that would likely assure their survival and recovery. Evaluation Species Species that require additional information to provide adequate conservation planning or whose conservation measures are not easily defined to support application for a Section 10(a) Permit. As adequate information and corresponding conservation measures are developed related to an Evaluation Species, amendments to the HCP and Incidental Take Permit can be submitted for inclusion into the list of Covered Species. Watch List Species Species that are not considered to be at risk during the ESA planning horizon or do not have adequate information regarding habitat, distribution, status or conservation potential. Only those species ranked as Covered in the potential effects analysis (Washington DNR 2007) are recommended for inclusion in the HCP and Incidental Take Permit. Evaluation and Watch List Species did not receive recommendations for inclusion because it is either unlikely that the species will be listed in the foreseeable future; that Washington DNR authorized activities have the potential to affect the species; and/or insufficient information exists to assess potential effects and develop conservation measures. Covered Species Technical Paper - Introduction 1-2 1-1.2 SELECTION OF SPECIES CONSIDERED The overall strategy for selecting species to consider for inclusion in the HCP was to be all-inclusive of those organisms that could potentially benefit from conservation planning by Washington DNR on state-owned aquatic lands. Categorization was then adjusted throughout the selection process as information on the species, its habitat use, and the potential for interaction with activities authorized by Washington DNR was developed. Conservative assumptions that were inclusive with respect to species habitat use and the potential for activity interactions were used both in selecting species to be considered and in the assignment to initial coverage categories. For example, if existing information about habitat use for a particular life-stage of a species was inconclusive and there was a remote chance that they could have an interaction with activities authorized by Washington DNR, they were put in a category that allowed for additional investigation (Covered or Evaluation Species). Species were moved to more appropriate categories when more in-depth information indicated the species did not meet the initial categorization criteria. What follows is a more detailed description of the steps and tasks in this iterative process. Step 1: Preliminary Species List, Categorization and Screening The first step in developing the preliminary species list was to develop a comprehensive list of potential species (Endangered, Threatened, of Concern, or rare) for inclusion in the species categorization process. The following information was used by Washington DNR to define a preliminary list of approximately 86 “target” species.
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