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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76741-5 - The Geology of Australia, Second Edition David Johnson Index More information Index Page numbers in italic refer to Australia, xi, 1–15, 3, 8, 13, 209, C illustrations. 145–8, 147, 212, 213, 305–6 Cairns, xi, 10, 224–5, 228, 241, age, 4 242, 242, 250 area, 212 calcite, 35, 37, 165, 174 A climate, 12, 14, 306 calcrete, 51 Acraman, 267, 268 drainage and relief, 14–15, 13, caldera, 42, 113, 234, 235, 236 aeolian deposits, 52, 56, 98, 227 14, 148–50 Callide, 129 alabaster, 37 azurite, 37 Cambrian, 60, 66, 79, 90–5, 94, Albany, xi, 154, 225 109, 185, 304 Alice Springs, xi, 10, 76, 79, 100, B Canberra, xi, 96, 101, 198 301, 308 banded iron formations Canowindra, xi, 100 alluvial fan, 78, 118–19, 119 (BIFs), 73–5, 74, 75, 86 canyons (offshore), 13, 212 ammonite, 141, 142, 173 and volcanism, 74–5, 75 Cape Byron, xi, 229 amphibians, see fossils Barkly Tableland, xi, 54, 91 Cape Flattery, xi, 229 amphibole, 36, 36 basalt, 30, 38, 39, 44, 47, 50, 54, Cape Hillsborough, xi, 190, 191, amygdule, 43 74, 75, 91, 114, 134, 137, 151– 195 Anakie, 195, 199 2, 154, 190–205, 205, 263, 306 Cape Keerweer, xi, 2 andesite, 39, 41, 96, 148 Bass Strait, xi, 76, 146 Cape Naturaliste, xi, 226 angiosperm, 139, 153, 177, 188 Batemans Bay, 107, 134, 230 Cape Tribulation, 242 Antarctica, 8,91, 125, 137, 146, batholith, 44 Cape York, xi, 106, 115, 228, 159, 213, 278, 282, 291–2, 302 Bathurst, xi, 114, 134 253 apatite, 28, 35 Beachport, 10 Carboniferous, vii, 60, 105–22, aplite, 44 bedding, 44, 45, 78, 128 177 Arc, Baldwin, viii, 100 cross-, 128, 128 cassiterite, 35 Arc, Calliope, viii, 99 graded, 57–8, 96 caves, 53–5, 165–6, 168, 180, Arc, Connors, viii, 100 Bega, 101, 198, 203 184, 186 Arc, East Australian, viii, 144, 148 Benioff zone, 31 age, 54 Arc, Eungella, viii, 113 BIFs, see banded iron formations deposits, 53–4 Arc, Molong, viii, 96 biotite, 36, 35, 48 formation, 53, 165 Arc, Stavely, viii, 95 bismuthinite, 36 cement, 45 Archaean, 60, 66, 67–72, 68, 73, Blue Mountains, 124, 134, 135 Cenozoic, 60 84–6, 226, 269, 301, 307 Bourke, 125, 125 cerussite, 37 archaeocyathids, 84, 91, 92, 171 Bowen Basin, 116, 120, 126, 134, channel, 55, 55, 119 Arnhem Land, xi, 72, 91, 95, 151, 142, 308 chenier, 228, 228 151 breccia, 33, 34 chert, 46, 65 asteroid, 258, 275 Broken Hill, 32, 68, 73, 76, 95 Chillagoe, xi, 54, 99 asthenosphere, 23, 23, 3 Brunhes–Matuyama reversal, 26, chlorite, 36, Atherton Tableland, xi, 113,114, 26–7 chron, 26, 27 190, 191–3, 192, 242, 292 Bunbury, 137, 161 cinnabar, 36 atmosphere, 22, 24, 40, 64, 75, Bungle Bungle Range, xi, 100 clay, 36, 36, 44, 45 82, 274, 283–5, 283 Burdekin River, xi, 15, 55, 99, cleavage, mineral, 33 219, 203, 221, 222, 252 cleavage, rock, 47, 47 341 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76741-5 - The Geology of Australia, Second Edition David Johnson Index More information Clermont (Qld), xi, 99, 191, 194 growth, 245, 248, 251 Devonian, 60, 98–100, 177, 179, climate, Australian, 12, 12 shelf, 242, 244–6, 244 304 causes, 160–1 , 279–86 Coral Sea, xi, 138, 146, 147, 190, diamond, 35, 137, 199 change, 125, 157–1, 165, 204, 248, 253, 305 diatom and diatomite, 58, 169, 186–7, 213–15, 248, 277–98, core, Earth’s, 21–2, 23, 24, 310 196 280, 306, 309–10, 311, 312 corestone, 50 diatreme, 42, 132, 193 Cloncurry, xi, 12 corundum, 35 dinosaurs, 130, 133, 133, 139–40, coal, 46, 46, 114–21, 118–21, Cowra, xi, 99 139, 140, 157, 181–2, 182, 187 129, 131, 134–6, 139, 143 crater, impact and meteorite, 18, diprotodon, 159, 160, 184 brown coals, 154–6, 155 64, 261, 264, 265 divergent margin, 25, 29–30 coasts craton, 59, 68, 300, 307 dolerite, 43, 91, 131 depositional, 218–19, 221–5, Cretaceous, 60, 136–43, 140, doline, 53, 54 219, 221 141, 151, 151, 285, 305 dolomite, 37, 45, 74, 77 see also sedimentation inland sea, 136–8, 137, 300, drainage basin, 52 erosional, 215–18, 216, 217, 303 dropstone, 107–11, 108, 112, 219 cross-beds, 128, 128 113, 138 Collie, 111 crust, Earth’s, 21, 23 dunes, 56, 98, 162, 222, 227, Collinsville, 107, 113, 120, 143 continental, 22–3, 31, 211 229, 234 collision, 32, 49, 49, 282, 304 oceanic, 22–3, 31, 210, 306 duricrust, 51 columnar structure (in Curie point, 26 dyke, 43, 43, 59, 91 basalts), 70, 114, 205 cyanobacteria, 80–2 Comboyne Plateau, xi, 190, 196 cyclones, 239–41, 240, 241, 245, E concretion, 45 251 Earth 8, 22 conglomerate, 44, 45, 118 age, 4, 7, 64–5, 273–5 continental arc, 31, 31, 49, 49 D formation, 63–4 continental drift, 24–5, 84, 300 Dansgaard-Oeschger events, 291 heat loss, 66–7 continental shelf, 57, 58, 152, Darling Fault and Range, 67, 95, internal structure, 21 208–10, 209, 210, 211, 213, 304 internal temperature, 66 214–15, 239, 247, 249–51, dating of rocks magnetic field, 26–7, 77, 257, 305–6 biostratigraphic, 28 273, 310 continental slope and rise, 57, 58, fission-track, 28–9, 270 orbital variations, 279–81, 208, 210–12 magnetic signature, 26–7, 26 280, 291, 295–6 convergent margin, 30–2, 93, radiometric, 5–6, 5, 60 oxygen content of Cooktown, xi, 192, 237, 242, thermoluminescence (TL), 27, atmosphere, 64, 75, 81–2 253 163 rotation, 65, 65, 310 Cooma, xi, 101–2 debris flow, 52 earthquakes, 7, 9–11, 31 Coorong, The, xi, 222, Deep-Sea Drilling Program, Australian, 10–11; 11 coral, 92, 99, 126, 172, 237–54 see ODP magnitude, 9 fluorescence, 252, 252 deep-sea fan, 57 Ebor, 191, 196–8, 197 rugose, 171–2 deformation, 34, 79, 101–2, 102, Ediacaran, viii, 60, 60, 83, 83, scleractinian, 171–2 306–8 91, 302 tabulate, 171–2 delta, 57, 120, 135, 218, 221 EEZ, see Exclusive Economic Zone coral reef, 98, 227, 238–46, 238, denudation rate, 29, 204–5 Eighty Mile Beach, xi, 221, 227 240, 242 Derwent River, xi, 201, 215 Einasleigh, 95, 193, 205 deposits, 245–6 deserts, 56, 160–3 Eocene, viii, 203, 289 environments, 242, 245–6, sandy, 56 erosion, 52, 142, 148, 198, 197, 246, 247, 251 stony, 56 198, 203 fringing, 241–4, 243 coastal, 222, 223–5, 240, 301 342 INDEX © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76741-5 - The Geology of Australia, Second Edition David Johnson Index More information erratic, 57, 107–8 bryozoans, 113, 171 Sturtian, viii, 76–7, 302 Esperance, xi, 67 corals, 92, 171–2 Tertiary–Recent, viii, 159–60, Eucla, xi, 211 crinoids, 92, 168, 172 214, 281, 309 evaporite, 46, 91, 95 crocodiles, 154, 181 Glasshouse Mountains, xi, 190, evolution of life, 82, 92–3, 97, echinoderms, 113, 154, 172 191, 195 99, 118, 172, 178–82, 184–8, Ediacaran, 83, 83 Glossopteris, 117, 117 311–12 fish, 92, 100, 131, 133, 140–1, gneiss, 47, 102, 102 Exclusive Economic Zone, 212– 178–80 Gondwana, 4, 54, 84, 86, 86, 13, 213 foraminifera, 168–9, 169 89–91, 90, 106, 106, 110, extinction, viii, 91, 93, 100, hominids, 158, 184 126–7, 137 125–6, 126, 159–60, 272, insects, 99, 140, 176 break-up of, 110, 137–8, 312–13 kangaroos, 61, 154, 159, 184 146–8, 147, 151, 153, 165, causes of, 272, 312–13 mammals, 131, 154, 157, 166, 184, 207–8, 211, 300, 302, Eyre Peninsula, xi, 67, 69, 163 181, 183, 187 303, 304–5 platypus, 141, 156–7, 183 Gosse Bluff, 18, 268, 269 F radiolaria, 169, 169; graben, 34, 226, 226 Fantome Island, xi, 243–4, 243 reptiles, 129–30, 133, 141, graphite, 35 faults, 32–33, 34, 68 180–3 granite, 43, 47, 50, 59, 59, 67, 68, normal, 33, 211, 226 sponge, 92, 169 100–1, 100, 114, 300, 307 reverse, 33 stromatoporoids, 171 emplacement, 71, 101–2 strike-slip, 33 Fraser Island, xi, 190, 195, 207 graptolite, 96–7, 97 thrust, 33, 79, 135, 136 gravel, 44 transform, 32, 209 G Great Australian Bight, xi, 207 feldspar, 27, 35, 37, 44 gabbro, 43, 263, 307 Great Barrier Reef, xi, 3, 214, Ferrar dolerites, 131 galena, 35, 35 237–54, 238, 244, 251–2 ferricrete, 50, 152 garnet, 35, 36, 48, 199 age, 243–5, 243, 253 Fingal, xi, 129 Gawler craton, 67, 68, 69, 84, formation, 246–53, 244, 248, Fitzroy Crossing, xi, 98 300 253 Fleurieu Peninsula, xi, 108–9 geochemistry, 16 Great Divide, xi, 13, 14, 38, 128, Flinders Ranges, xi, 76, 76, 77, geological time scale, viii, 59–60, 152, 190, 191–3, 198, 202–4, 83, 91, 95, 185, 302 60 204 flint, 35 geomorphology, 16 Great Escarpment, 197, 202, 203, floodplain, 55, 55, 119 geophysics, 16 204 flowstone, 53, 53 Georgetown, xi, 68, 73 Great Sandy Desert, xi, 95, 98, fluorite, 35, 35, 37 Gippsland, xi, 231–2, 231 107, 111, 161, 162, 221, 227 fold, 32–33, 34, 47, 59 glaciated (and striated) greenhouse, 282, 309, 311 foliation, 47 pavement, 56, 76 greenhouse gas, 280, 281, 285– foraminifera, 58, 142, 212, 286 glaciation and glacier, viii, 51, 56, 90, 289 fossil, 45, 113, 126–127, 167–89, 56–7, 67, 72, 76–8, 105–13, carbon dioxide, 82, 280, 170 106, 138, 159–60, 214, 280–1 285–6, 295–6 preservation, 174–5 Huronian, 76 methane, 82, 280, 296 fossil algae, 92, 176 Marinoan, viii, 76–7, 302 nitrous oxide, 289 amphibians, 129–30, 130, Ordovician, 98 greenstone, 38, 67, 69–70 140–1, 180 Permo–Carboniferous Gulf of Carpentaria, xi, 2, 142, arthropods, 92, 168, 176 (Gondwanan), viii , 105– 152, 208, 228, 306 bats, 183 113, 106, 303, 309, 312 gymnosperm, 152, 177, 177, 188 birds, 140, 154, 157, 183, 187 Proterozoic, 72, 76, 76–8, gypsum, 35, 37, 46, 164 brachiopods, 113, 126, 173–4 282, 309 INDEX 343 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76741-5 - The Geology of Australia, Second Edition David Johnson Index More information H carbon 6, 251 lava tube, 38, 194, 195, Hadean, 60, 65 see also radiocarbon Leigh Creek, 129 half-life, 5, 5 neodymium-samarium, 270 levee, 55, 55 halite, 37, 165