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Special , 1957 Special Libraries, 1950s

2-1-1957

Special Libraries, February 1957

Special Libraries Association

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In The Middle East SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Putting Knowledge to Work

OFFICERS DIRECTORS President E~.~ZAI~ETIIB. FRY KATHARINEL. KINDER United Stales Steel Johns-Manuille Research Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Manuille, New Jersey First Vice-president and President-Elect DR. ARCH C. GERLACH ALBERTAL. BROWN of Congress The Upjohn Company, Kalan~azoo, dfich. Pashington, D.C. Second Vice-president hl~s.CATHERINE D. MACK ll~s.MII.DI~D H. BKODE Corning Glass Vorks David Taylor Model Basin Corning, New York Vashiryton, D. C. DR. JERROLDORNE Secretary Air Uniuerszty ELEANORV. WRIGHT Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Treasurer SARAM. PRICE WILLIAMS. DOWNEY The Port of New York Authority Socony Mobil Oil Company, New York New York, New York Immediate Past-President DR. ELSE L. SCHULZE CHESTERM. LEWIS Procter & Gamble Company The New York Times, New York Cincinnati, Ohio

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY: R~ARIANE. LUCIUS Special Libraries Association 31 East 10 Street, New York 3, New York MEMBERSHIP Dues: Institutional - $30; Active - $15; Associate - $10; Studen t-$2 ; Retired-$5 : Sustaining--$50 ; Lije-$250. For qualifications, privileges and further information. write the Executive Secretary. Special Libraries .Association.

THE 48~~ANNUAL CONVENTION WILL BE AT THE HOTELSTATLER. BOSTON. MASS.. MAY 26-30. 1957

PUBLICATIONS

Aviation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 Indexing - with emphasis on its tech- nique: An annotated bibliography, Bibliography of engineering abstract- 1955 ...... $ SO ing services (SLA bibliography no. l), 1955 ...... 1.50 Libraries for research and industry- planning and equipment (SLA mono- A brief for corporation libraries, 1949 1.75 graph, no. l), 1955 ...... 3.00 Contributions toward a special library Map collections in the U. S. and Can- glossary, 2nd ed., 1950 ...... 1.25 ada; A directory, 1954 ...... 3.00 Nicknames of American cities, towns Correlation index document series & and villages past and present, 1951 2.00 PI3 reports, 1953 ...... 10.00 SLA directory of members, 1951 ...... 4.00 Creation & development of an insur- Source list of selected labor statistics, ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 rev. ed., 1953 ...... 2.00 Directory of special libraries, 1953 ...... 5.00 Subject headings for aeronautical en- Handbook of commercial, financial and gineering libraries, 1949 ...... 4.00 information services, 5th rev. ed., Subject headings for financial libra- 1956 5.00 ries, 1954 ...... 5.00 Handbook of scientific and technical Technical libraries, their organization awards in the United States and and management, 1951 ...... 6.00 Canada, 1900-1952, 1956 ...... 10.00 Visual presentation. Our library, 1953 5.00 TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEIV INDEX-Subscription, $7.50; Foreign, $8.00; Single copies, 756 TRANSLATION MONTHLY-Published and distributed for SLA by The John Crerar Library, 86 East Randolph Street, Chicago 1, Illinois; Subscription, $5.00. Sttictry top she

No matter vhat your library proble~nsarc; planning a new one, expanding an old one, or reorganizing your prcsent spacc, Globc-Wcrnickc's traincd staff of Library Engineers arc "on top" of all the latest planning methods. Rely on the knowledge and experi~nceof these specialists to show you how G/W library equipment, the finest in the world, can give you a library, that is eficient, and up-to- the minute in space saving design.

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Manufacturers of the World's Finest Library Book Stacks, Oflice Equipment, Systems, Filing Supplies & Visible Records.

FEBRUARY 1957 Every library with a record collection will want a supply of these new Record Holders with jet black covers. They provide the perfect background for mounting the colorful sleeve covers of L P records. Available in two sizes - No. 101 - for holding one 10-inch record No. 721 - for holding one 12-inch record Record Holders in Black are new - same prices as No. 101 and No. 121, so popular with Tan or Light Green covers. Now you have three colors to use for record grouping - all made of sturdy pressboard, ~ctedto give maximum durability. Heavy Kraft envelope folder opens toward binding . . . avoiding danger of record

sliwwinaa, " out. Order in quantity and SAVE! Immediate shipment.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Aslib Publications

Index to Theses

Volume 111 1952-53 edited by Magda Whitrow, B.A., A.L.A.

The Index to theses accepted for higher degrees in the universities of Great Britain and Ireland gives a complete list of thesis titles, together with author's name, university, and degree for which the thesis was accepted. The arrangement is under subject headings.

Also Vol. 1 1950-1951, Vol. ll 1951-1952 Each volume 25s. Members of Aslib 21s. I Aslib, 4 Palace Gate, London, W.8., England

LIBRARY LITERATURE

For the first tlme, LIBRARY LITERA- hrmg its more than 20 years of publi- TURE has begun to index -onre of the cation, reviewers have welcomril LIBRARY most important journals published by LITERATTIRE most enthusia\tically. Said Fprrial Llbrary organization.. Nowhew L~braryQudrterly: "Does its lob . . . av else can Special find such a wtlslortorily n~ eoen the most captiou~ selected listing by author and snbjert of might require . . . There is hardly a topzc t11eir own professional literature. iill~rrh is not well represented, and ILL1 In addition to Special Library publica- .,erves os nn excellent and handy substi. tions, LIBRARY LITERATL7RE indexes tute lor the periodicois themcdves." by author and subject: professional peri- Published quarterly. Sold on the Service odicals of all kinds, books, theses, and Basis. ephemeral literature in English and for- Permanent cumulations are in print eign tongues. f~oni1933-1935 to 1952-1954.

Now THE H. W. WILSON COMPANY I) Order 950 lJniversi+y Ave., N. Y. 52, N. Y.

FEBRUARY 1957 / I You can figure it I I for Yourself I check these reasons I why Library Binding I is so economical: I Y By adopting a Heckman I library binding program, you I can . . . eliminate most de- vices for prolonging book life 1 . . . lower your ultimate costs. I V Librarians know books in publishers' covers average 25 loans . . . library bound I books average 100 loans or better. I V You buy quality craftmanship in each volume library bound . . . the price is I 1 lower than the cost of patching and repairing. I )/ Yes, quality library bindings are economical . . . you may find that by "Step- I ping up" to Heckman service that your costs will be reduced, too. I I )/Dealing with Hackman's is no gamble . . . contact Heckman today for I

Now ReprintI Available GYMNOSPERMS: Structure and Evolution By CHARLES JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN 19.35. 496 pp., 397 figs., $1 7.50 CONTENTS: I. Introduction XII. Coniferophytes-Coniferales (continued) 11. Cycadophytes-Cycadofilicales XIII. Coniferophytes-Coniferales (continued) 111. Cycadophytes-Bennettitaleq XIV. Coniferophytes-Coniferales (continued J 1V. Cycadophytes-Cycadaleq XV. Conlferophyteq-Coniferales (continued ) \ . Cycadale5 (continued) XVI. Coniferophyteq-Coniferales (continued ) 1'1. Cycadales (continued) XVII. Coniferophytes-Gnetales-Ephedra XVIII. Coniferophytrs-Gnetales-Welwit~hia VII. Cycadales (continued) XIX. Coniferophytrs-Gnetales-Gnetum VlII. Cycadales (continued) XX. Phylogeny IX. Coniferophytes-Corciaitales XXI. Alternation of Generations X. Coniferophytes-Ginkgoales Rlbliography X1. Coniferophytes-Coniferales Index.

These volumes were reprinted with the permission of the copyright owners.

Please address orders and inquiries to @ JOHNSON REPRINT CORPORATION I 111 Fifth Avenue, New York 3, New York

SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES Oficial Jourr~al Special Libraries Associalior~

Volume 48, No. 2 CONTENTS FEBRUARY 1957

The Role of Library Services In Fundamel~tal Education Field Programs DOROTHYWILLIAMS COLLINGS 51 A Special Library In An Arab Culture Assignment in Ankara A Periodicals Renewing System The 22nd Session of IFLA: A Report

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOClATION Boston: From Beacon Hill to Research Kou

NE:WS Have You Heard Off thp Press

Editor: MARYL. ALLISON COMMITTEEON SPECIALLIBRARIES Editorial Assistant: IRENEMILLER Chairn~an: MRS. MARGARETH. FULLER Busiuess Manager : MARIANE. LUCIUS MRS. JEANNE NORTH,ROSEMARY DEMAREST

SPECIAL LIBRARIES is published monthly September to April, bimonthly May to August. Editorial Offices: 31 East 10 St., New York 3 New York. Publication Office: Bletcher-Anchors Company, Rea Building, 704 Second Ave.. Pittsburgh 14. Pennsylvania. Subscr~ptions: U. S. 97; foreign $7.50; single copies 75c. Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the authors, and do not represefft the opinion or the policy of the editorial stafJ or the publisher. Manuscripts submitted for publication must be Wed donble space on only one side of paper and mailed to the editor. Reprints may be ordered immediately before or after publication. Second class mail privileges authorized at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, 1925, authorized February 5 1947. @ by Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 St., New York 3, New York, 1957. IXDESICD in Iniustrial Arts Inder, I'ublic .l#nirs Information Service, and Libraw Litcvature. A Bumper Crop of Business Books FROM PRENTICE-HALL EARLY IN '57

My Lifetime Treasury of Selling Secrets Charles B. Roth Well-known sales counselor tells of his own experiences and what they can teach other salesmen. Jan., $4.95

How to Be a Winner in Selling Hugh 5. Bell Detailed analysis of steps one can take to develop that positive outlook needed for sales success. Feb., $4.95

The "How" of Successful Sales Management Merrill DeVoe Hundreds of specific ways to train the sales force and back up their work with other sales promotion. May, $5.65

Putting Yourself Over in Business

Frederick Dyer and others * Three experienced personnel trainers tell how to sell oneself, one's ideas, and one's products so as to win respect, admiration, and cooperation from business colleagues, customers, and friends. Jan., $4.95

Successful Low Pressure Salesmanship Edward Berman A down-to-earth handbook on the virtues and techniques of the "soft sell" as applied to any product. Mar., $4.95

How to Win Self-confidence for Selling James T. Mangan Practical guidance for the salesman seeking to build a more effective sales personality. Jan., $4.95

Handbook of Saving Taxes Real Estate Forms Through Capital Gains E. J. Friedman Explains key forms and law principles involved in prepar- Arno Herzberg Explores, an- ing and using them. Mar., $7.50 alyzes, and explains tax prob- lems in capital gains and HOW TO HELP losses. Jan., $12.50 Your Real Estate Salesmen Handbook of PRODUCE MORE BUSINESS Partnership Taxation 1. T. Vogel Ways to train the realty sales force. Feb., $5.95 Arthur B. Willis Clarifies partnership provisions of the How to Profit By 1954 Code. Mar., $15.00 Rehabilitating Real Estate M. W. Greer How to improve prop- erties for greater return. Mar., $5.65 HOW TO USE Classified Advertising Real Estate and TO SELL MORE REAL ESTATE City Planning M. J. A. MacDonald Guide to writ- R. 1. Nelson and F. T. Aschman What ing or planning more effective classi- city planning progress means to the fied ads. Jan., 34.95 real estate man. Apr., $1 0.00 lI Prices subject to library discount I__- - I'rentice-Hall, I~c.,Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

SPECIAL LIBRARIES The Role of Library Services In Fundamental Education Field Programs

DR. DOROTHY WILLIAMS COLLINGS, Educational Liaison Officer Department of Public Information, United Nations, New York City

LEXIBILITYOF APPROACH is essen- of the problem of stimulating economic Ftial if library services are to meas- and social development. It is neces- ure up adequately to their potential sarily broad in scope and, although role in making technical assistance based on local needs, it includes gen- effective. I should like to consider this erally the following fields: health edu- main theme from the point of view of cation, the control or eradication of en- the needs faced by field workers and demic disease, better sanitation and hy- villagers working together at the grass- giene, improved mother and child care roots level for better living through field and welfare, agricultural extension work, programs of fundamental education. the development of handicrafts and small industries, the organization of co- Fundamental Education operatives, literacy teaching, and other aspects of cultural and vocational adult First the factual and conceptual frame education. In itself a remedial measure, of reference within which the problem it is deeply concerned with the exten- is set should be reviewed. Here the basic sion and improvement of adequate uni- questions are: what is fundamental edu- versal free and compulsory school edu- cation, why is it needed and how does cation, as the only ultimate solution to it fit into the over-all pattern of eco- the problem of satisfactory education nomic and social development, particu- for all. larly through technical assistance? Why is fundamental education need- Fundamental education is a term ed? The latest available data compiled first proposed by an international com- by UNESCO indicate that in many mittee of experts called together by areas of the world the majority of the UNESCO in 1947 and since made population is illiterate and a reasonable widely current through international us- estimate is that half the world's people age. Fundamental education may be still cannot read or write.' The same defined as the kind of minimum and study further indicates, on the basis of general education that aims to help data covering 109 countries and terri- adults and children who do not have tories, that at least half the world's chil- the advantages of formal education un- dren of school age (5-14 years inclusive) derstand their immediate problems and were not receiving any kind of school to provide them with the attitudes and education in the year 1952 and thus are skills needed to enable them to par- growing up to be adult illiterates." ticipate fully, as individuals and citi- Moreover, these data tell only part zens, in the social and. economic pro- of the story. The greatest obstacles to gress of their community.' social progress-poverty, ignorance and Fundamental education thus repre- disease--form a tragic circle, each be- sents the emergency educational aspects ing in part the cause and in part the result of the others. The fact is that Paper presented before the Social Science Division, June 6, 1956, at the SLA Annual more than half the earth's people are Convention in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. chronically hungry, sick and poor.'

FEBRUARY 1957 They suffer from mass diseases like ma- combining them into one operation sim- laria and yaws which modern science ply further complicates an already com- knows how to control and cure. They plex situation. Thus, for purposes of live in substandard housing and work clarity, I shall indulge in the luxury of for starvation wages. They cannot read considering them as separate operations. or write because they have never had I shall also refer rather frequently the opportunity to learn. They have hereafter to the program of the Arab an average life expectancy of about 30 States Fundamental Education Centre years. Most of them live in remote vil- (ASFEC), now operating in Egypt lages or in the teeming slums of cities under the joint auspices of UNESCO, in economically underdeveloped areas the United Nations and the other spe- in much of Latin America and most of cialized agencies in collaboration with the countries of Asia, Africa and the the Governments of Egypt and the Middle East. These are chiefly newly other Arab States. Illustrations could icdependent countries, many of which equally well be drawn from other field are faced with conditions of political programs; it is simply that I know the unrest as well as with the stresses and ASFEC program at firsthand. strains attendant upon economic and social change. Special Library Services Every government is now wrestling with these problems according to its The function of the special library in abilities. But economic and social de- field programs of fundamental educa- velopment is a long, difficult and ex- tion is to provide the technical mate- pensive process and demands in gen- rials and services needed by field work eral far greater resources, both human experts (e.g., public health doctors and and material, than most of these coun- nurses, sanitary engineers, agricultural tries can provide by themselves. Mu- extension workers, adult literacy teach- tual aid provided through the joint ef- ers, etc.) and their local counterpart forts of the world community is urgent- personnel to assist and illuminate their ly required. programs of social and economic plan- These realities are the reasons for ning, action and leadership training. the operation of the many bilateral, re- Naturally the materials and services gional and international programs of needed depend on the particular pro- technical assistance in today's world. gram concerned. For instance, the es- sential functions of UNESCO's Arab Library Services In Field Programs States Fundamental Education Centre ir, Egypt are: For effective operation, two distinct 1. To train leaders to take charge of types of library services are required fundamental education in the Arab by field programs of fundamental edu- countries. The total student body at cation: (1) special library services to any given time consists of 160 mature meet the needs of the technical and men and women selected and sent in specialized field work experts and the teams by the governments of their re- demands of leadership training; and spective nine Arab countries for an 18 (2) services for the month period of training. whole community, including both chil- 2. To devise and produce printed and dren and adults. In practice, these two audio-visual materials for use with types of library service must often be adults and children in programs of combined, but in fact the materials, fundamental education adapted to the services and skills required by each needs of Arab countries. type of service are so distinctly dif- 3. To establish and operate a regional ferent that the practical necessity of clearing house for the exchange of re-

SPECIAL LIBRARIES In a newly established village library, a UNESCO trainee utilizes a kerosene- operated projector to present an educa- tional filmstrip to an interested audience. search, information and documentation within the Arab countries and with relevant agencies active or interested in fundamental education in other parts of the world through appropriate means, including publication where necessary. The Centre's internationally recruit- ed staff of experts numbers about 30 people, including some from Arab coun- tries and others from many different parts of the world. The Centre's meth- od of work in leadership training for fundamental education comprises three UNESCO: Arah States Fundamental Education Centre. main elements: classroom instruction, culture is a requisite to the success of laboratory and workshop sessions (es- fundamental education programs, as to pecially for the production of printed any aspect of technical assistance. and audio-visual materials) and prac- 3. To provide suggestions for improv- tical demonstrations and field work in ing the methods, techniques and ma- 14 nearby villages." terials needed daily in the practical field Library materials and documenta- work and demonstration programs. For tion are needed in the ASFEC program, example, in the field of adult literacy as they would be in most other field teaching a great deal more is known programs, for the following purposes: about the psychology of adult learning 1. To provide an understanding of the and the nature of the reading process basic principles that must be taken into than is commonly made use of in most account if fundamental education is to literacy campaigns. A book such as Dr. result in desirable social change. In this William S. Gray's new study, The Teach- connection, for example, the penetrat- ing of Reading and Writing (Paris: ing volume edited by Margaret Mead UNESCO, 1956, 284 p., Monographs and entitled Cultural. Patterns and on Fundamental Education X), which Technical Change, (Paris : UNESCO, embodies the findings of an extensive in- 1953, 348 p. Reprinted as a Mentor ternational survey made for UNESCO, book by New American Library, New would be invaluable in this work. As York, 1955, 352 p.) is of first priority another main problem, there is in most importance for policymakers or field countries a notable lack of suitable workers in technical assistance. printed and audio-visual materials for 2. To provide essential background adults just emerging from illiteracy. facts and understanding of the country Some of the drab, uninteresting and in- and region concerned. This is particu- deed pedagogically unsound materials larly important in international work, now in use would have to be seen to be where the experts, although highly skill- believed. Yet some remarkably excel- ed in their professional fields, have lent, varied and inexpensive materials usually never before been in the coun- have been produced in such places as try they are helping and thus have Mexico, Puerto Rico, Brazil and the little precise knowledge or understand- Sudan which were found most sugges- ing of the country or its people. Under- tive in the Centre's program of produc- standing of the community and the ing attractid primers, follow-up read-

FEBRUARY 1957 ers, posters, flash cards, wall newspap- Bulletin; Overseas Education and Com- ers, films and filmstrips for use in funda- munity Development Bulletin, both is- mental education programs throughout sued in London; the Indian Journal of the Arab countries. Adult Education and Kurukshetra, pub- lished in India; Adult Leadership, pub- Sources Of Information lished in the United States, and other periodicals of like nature. As in other special library service, 4. Some commercially published peri- most of the materials needed in the odicals and pamphlets. ASFEC program, as indeed in most pro- 5. Selected textbooks and teachers grams of technical assistance, are gen- guides, especially those intended for erally both difficult to locate and to adult classes as well as some for ele- secure. The main sources include: mentary schools. 1. Government vublications selected 6. Unpublished materials, including from among those issued in the country typescript reports of field work projects or region in which the field program is completed or in progress, mimeograph- located and from countries in other ed documents and university theses and parts of the world. Typical items in- dissertations, are also important sources clude the national census of one or of data on 'fundamentai education. more countries; reports and special 7. Audio-visual aids, including films? studies of the ministries of education, filmstrips, photographs and recordings. health, agriculture and social welfare; These materials must first be gath- laws relating to the above fields; hand- ered from sources around the world and books and official government manuals; then they must be processed for ready and similar material. use. In most field programs which are 2. Selected publications of the United international in character, processing Nations and its specialized agencies, involves not only the cataloging and especially UNESCO, FAO, ILO and classification of sizable quantities of WHO. UNESCO's monthly Education material in the various categories indi- Abstracts and its svecial international cated. but also the translation and re- bibliographies on such subjects as health production (usually by mimeograph but education, literacy teaching and agri- occasionally by printing) of key items cultural extension work are the basic into the working languages and the bibliographic tools in this field. Other preparation of needed abstracts and UNESCO publications such as the bibliographies. World Handbook of Educational Or- For example, in the ASFEC program ganization and Statistics, International in Egypt, a dictionary-type card catalog Directory of Adult Education, and the serves as a guide to an open-shelf col- series, Monographs on Fundamental lection comprised chiefly of materials Education, are indispensable. So also written in Arabic, English and French, are such UN publications as the annual with a scattering of items in other lan- Statistical Yearbook, Demographic Year- guages, e&., Spanish. A sizable amount book and World Economic Report and of teaching materials needed in the such special studies as the Review of leadership training program on such Economic Conditions in the Middle topics as methods of conducting com- East; FAO's Agricultural Development munity surveys and techniques of mak- Papers and WHO'S Expert Committee ing and using audio-visual aids in teach- Series. ing are translated, particularly from 3. The importance of journals in a field English into Arabic. These topics illus- still as new as fundamental education trate fields in which there is still an must be stressed, e.g., UNESCO's quar- acute shortage of original material pro- terly Fundamental and Adult Education duced in Arabic. Similar shortage, it is

SPECIAL LIBRARIES safe to say, will be found in needed ical to expend the considerable amounts types of materials in other languages of time and money necessary to teach in many countries or regions of the people to read and write without then world where technical assistance pro- furnishing them with the means of grams are in operation. using and increasing their newly acquir- As a further step in the process of ed skills through the provision of care- leadership training for fundamental fully selected printed and audio-visual education, the ASFEC program, through materials and assistance in their use. its production division, also creates print- In general, the public library located ed and audio-visual materials (includ- in a fundamental education area will ing posters, charts, filmstrips and films) seek to serve these main purposes: needed in programs of fundamental edu- I. To support and reinforce the funda- cation, and disseminates them, through mental education program, both in gen- the Centre's regional clearing house, to eral and in specific elements. the various Arab countries of the Mid- 2. To provide effective services for chil- dle East. Two quarterly journals are dren and young people, including serv- also issued regularly-the Arabic edi- ice to schools. tions of UNESCO's Education Abstracts 3. To provide needed information and and Fundamental and Adult Education reference services. Bulletin, as are teaching manuals, study 4. To provide, where needed, adequate kits, and other aids. services for special groups, e.g., women It should be emphasized again that and girls or special language groups, in the ASFEC program has been referred order to ensure service to the whole to not because it is unique but because community. it provides a practical example of the kind of special-library materials and Since typical programs of funda- services that have proved useful in the mental education are located in areas field and that can serve considerably where effective public and school libra- to strengthen the effectiveness of tech- ries simply do not exist, as a start the nical assistance programs at the leader- agency or body administering the pro- ship level. gram usually has to stimulate the plan- ning and provision of library service, in Public Libraries Services collaboration with the villagers. 'This should be done on a demonstration At the grass-roots level, effective pro- basis for a limited period only (usually grams of fundamental education must 3 to 5 years). Meanwhile, every effort begin with felt needs. For example, they should be made from the very begin- may and often do start with control of ning to enlist the active interest and a top priority health problem existing support of relevant government author- in the area, such as malaria or bilhar- ities so as to ensure the continuity of ziasis, or with various means of secur- the program once the demonstration ing more food or cash income quickly, period is over. such as beekeeping or rabbit raising, or It is not possible to discuss in detail with a public works project, such as here the procedures and problems in- road building. However, in such pro- volved in the development of public li- grams aimed at helping people to solve brary service in fundamental education their daily problems, sooner or later areas. Fortunately, however, a consid- the ability to read and write is found erable and increasing body of field ex- to be essential. perience and recorded data exists which Once large-scale literacy teaching has would well repay careful study, both by begun, the need for public library serv- librarians and by administrators respon- ice becomes manifest. It is clearly illog- sible for the planning and implementa- FEBRUARY 1957 tion of technical assistance programs. brary services can play in improving In particular, attention is called to the the skills and knowledge needed for important work and publications of better living. Hence field libraries would UNESCO in this field." not only serve to enhance the effective- ness of the immediate technical assist- Summary and Conclusions ance program but also they could give Considering fundamental education important impetus to the course of li- as a typical field work subject, let me brary development everywhere. sum up some of the ways libraries can help make technical assistance effective: CITATIONS 1. A far wider and more effective range 1. Fundamental Education: Description and of what may well be termed special li- Programme. Paris: UNESCO, 1949, 85 p.; also Report of the Director-General on the Activ- brary materials and services are need- ities of the Organization in 1955. Paris: ed in many, if not most, such field pro- UNESCO, p. 54-6. grams of technical assistance than are 2. World Survey of Education, 2nd ed. Paris: now provided. UNESCO, 1955, p. 13-16. 2. In most field work areas, it may be 3. ibid. p. 17-31. 4. Preliminary Report on the World Social safely taken for granted that if such Situation. New York: United Nations, 1952, materials and services are not planned 180 p. for and developed by the program it- 5. Sirs-el-Layyan: Light and Hope for the self, they will not be available. Arab World. Paris: UNESCO, 1955. 26 p. 6. For full discussion, see the UNESCO pub- 3. The provision of useful documenta- lications published in Paris: Libraries in Adult tion processed for ready use, adds an- and Fundamental Education, 1951, 179 p. other dimension to technical assistance. (especially p. 103-49); Development of Public Also, the very considerable expertise Libraries in Latin America, 1952, 196 p; De- such documentation contains can re- velopment of Public Libraries in Africa, 1955, 154 p. main in the country whereas after a For examples of specific field programs, see, limited time individual experts leave. GARDNER,FRANK M. The Delhi Public Li- 4. The provision of special and public brary Project (UNESCO Occasional Papers library services in the context of ap- in Education, No. 16), 1952, 26 p; WILLIAMS, propriate field programs of technical DOROTHYG. Library Programme of the Arab States Fundamental Education Centre, Egypt, assistance makes possible a dramatic Fundamental and Adult Education Bulletin, demonstration of the role dynamic li- vol. 6, no. 4, October 1954, p. 146-51. A Special Library In An Arab Culture

MARY ELIZABETH HARTZELL, Arabian Research Division, Arabian American Oil Company, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

HE ARABIANResearch Division is dom of Saudi Arabia. These questions Tpart of the Local Government Re- may be matters of current interest, his- lations Department of the Arabian torical subjects or problems likely to American Oil Company. It is responsi- arise in the future in the fields of gov- ble for research on questions concern- ernment, religion, law, sociology, ge- ing Arabia which affect the company's ography and archaeology. The person- operations and relations with the King- nel of the division includes Arabists,

5 6 SPECIAL LIBRARIES The author, Mary Elizabeth Hart- zell (rear), helps a client with a research problem in the Arab- ian Research Division Library in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, while her part-time Arab assistant (foreground) checks in a new technical periodical. Seal-Aramco

translators, specialists in political af- still work because no changes have been fairs and an archaeologist. made in 300, 500, 600 and 700. The work of the division requires The modified sections are as follows that a well-stocked reference library be (only those numbers which differ from available at all times. For this reason Dewey and are in actual use are shown) : the library is located in the same suite of offices as the rest of the staff. The Catalogs of manuscript collec- tions, arranged alphabetically materials include books, periodicals, by city (followed by country maps, newspapers and microfilm. where necessary); e.g., 014/C- The scope of the collection includes catalogs of manuscript collec- standard reference works and materials tions at Cambridge, England. 014/I-catalogs of manuscript of all sorts on Arabia, Arabs, Islam and collections at Istanbul, Turkey. the history, geography, anthropology, Philosophy (philosophy of Islam sociology, archaeology, religion, litera- to be classed with Islam in ture, languages and art of the Middle 240) East. There are approximately 7000 Religion items in the library. Books and peri- Natural religion odicals circulate to company personnel, Christianity with occasional limitations imposed by Islam History of Islam (as a religion the immediate requirements of the di- only) vision's research program. Koran (original and all transla- tions) Modified Dewey Decimal Classification Commentary on the Koran The library is classified according to Concordances to the Koran Muhammad the Prophet a modified form of the Dewey Decimal Legends of Islam, Koran, Muham- Classification. As every librarian knows, mad (includes Muslim tales of that classification is designed for West- Jesus, Mary and other figures ern concepts of the fields of knowledge from the Bible) and makes very scant provision for the Islam, theology and philosophy Eastern world. The modifications used Sunna theology and philosophy in this library are intended to compen- Shi'ah theology and philosophy sate for that fact. The principal differ- Other heresies and sects Religious orders, e.g., Mevlani ences occur in 000, 200, 400, 800 and dervishes 900. Even if the library were to be con- Pilgrimages, shrines, personal re- solidated with a scientific and technical ligion collection, this modified system would Muslim society

FEBRUARY 1957 Muslim society in Iran* Spanish Muslim society in Egypt French Shari'ah (Muslim law) Slavic and other languages of Eu- Hanbali school of law rope Hanafi school of law African languages Maliki school of law Hamitic Shafi' school of law Coptic Shari'ah in Africa Berber Hadith (Traditions of Muslim Collections, festschriften, on Ori- law) ental linguistics Government Literature Relations with non-Muslim so- Semitic literatures cieties Arabic literature Morality and ethics Criticism Judaism Arabic poetry (regardless of Other religions country of origin) Works on Muslim economics, tax- Fiction, including Arabian Nights ation, law in Muslim countries Entertainments which is not part of Shari'ah Essays (e.g., civil codes of Turkey and Oratory Egypt), marriage, divorce, chil- Letters dren, the status and customs Drama of women and allied matters Anecdotes, sayings and other are classified in the appropriate forms of literature not includ- sections of the 300 schedule. ed above Philology Other Semitic literatures Arabic and other Semitic lan- Iranian literature (as Arabic) guages Turkish literature Inscriptions Indian literature Arabic writing (but see 745.6 for Pakistani literature calligraphy as an art) Pakistani poetry Etymology and semantics English literature (including Dictionaries American) "Modernization" of Arabic (e.g., Latin, Romance, Greek literature discussions of modernizing vo- Slavic literature cabulary and style of Arabic African literature for writing about science, tech- Geography and history nology and political economy) Antiquities Grammar Antiquities of Arabia Dialects, patois, slang Antiquities of India Texts and 'eaders for learning Antiquities of Iran Arabic Antiquities of Turkey (subdivid- Other Semitic languages ed as 915.6) Iranian languages, divided as in Antiquities of Africa (subdivided Arabic as 916) Turkish languages, divided as in Geography of Europe Arabic Geography of Asia (including Languages of India books on the Middle East as a Germanic languages region) English Arabia (the peninsula) German Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Scandinavian languages Hej az Dutch 915.211 ~ecca Greek, Latin and Romance lan- 915.212 Medinah guages 915.22 Nejd Greek 915.23 Eastern Province (formerly call- Latin ed al-Hasa) Italian 915.24 Asir 915.25 Rub' al-Khali 915.3 Yemen and South Arabia in gen- :> Perhaps 259.55 would be a better adaptation eral here. Several such changes are under con- 915.31 Aden Colony and Protectorate sideration. 915.311 Socotra

SPECIAL LIBRARIES 915.32 Hadhramaut 953 Yemen and South Arabia (divid- 915.321 Dhufar ed as 915.3) 915.33 Muscat 954 India (divided as 915.4) 915.34 Oman 955 Iran (divided as 915.5) 915.35 Trucial Coast 956 Turkey and the Ottoman Empire 915.351 Qatar (divided as 915.6) 915.36 Bahrain Islands 956.3 Palestine (including Latin King- 915.37 Kuwait dom of Jerusalem) 915.4 India (Peninsula and Union) Remainder of 950 as 915. 915.45 Pakistan 960 History of Africa (divided as 916) 915.459 Pashtunistan 915.46 Himalayan states It can be seen from the above sched- 915.47 Kashmir ule that local considerations have played 915.5 Iran a large part in setting up a classification 915.55 Caucasus scheme for the Arabian Research Di- Turkey and the Ottoman Empire 915.56 vision library. Comment on each sec- 915.61 Syria 915.62 Lebanon tion follows: 915.63 Palestine (Biblical and Mandate) 000 91 5.64 Jordan 915.65 Israel (modern state only. See 014 is the only exception here. Cat- 260 for Jews) alogs of Oriental manuscripts are ex- 915.66 Iraq tremely heterogeneous in subject mat- 915.67 Armenia ter. Arrangement of them by geograph- 915.68 Kurdistan 915.7 Afghanistan ical location of the collection is the 915.75 Central Asia simplest system. To arrange by person 915.79 Russian Asia requires the cataloger to make too many 915.8 Ceylon decisions regarding author, editor, com- 915.83 East Indies piler or owner. An example is the col- 915.85 Southeast Asia 915.87 Far East lection at Cambridge University, once 915.9 Oceans and seas around Asia published under E. G. Browne and now 915.91 Mediterranean Sea (includes is- continued under A. J. Arberry. Arberry lands, e.g., Cyprus, Malta) is also the editor of the Beatty collec- 915.911 Black Sea tions in Dublin. 915.92 Red Sea 915.93 Indian Ocean 100 915.94 Persian Gulf The library's collections in philos- 915.95 Eastern Seas 916 Africa ophy are almost entirely Islamic. 916.1 Morocco 200 916.2 Spanish Morocco The effects of local conditions are 916.3 Algeria 916.4 Tunisia immediately evident in this section. It 916.5 Libya must provide for the ramifications of 916.6 Egypt Islam, with only a small part for com- 916.61 Suez Canal parative materials. Many subdivisions 916.62 Sinai Peninsula 916.7 Sudan were necessary, but it was considered 916.8 Ethiopia desirable to avoid the long numbers 916.81 Eritrea which the use of Dewey would entail. 916.82 Somaliland Moreover, it will never be necessary to 916.9 Sahara 916.91 Remainder of Africa use the other 200's in this library as 920 Collective biography Dewey uses them. 92 Individual biography In considering a classification for 930 Ancient history (subdivided as Islam it is necessary to remember that 915) religion, philosophy and law are almost 950 History of Asia (including Cali- phates and Crusades) inseparable to the Muslim. The classical 951 Arabia and the Arabs works of Islam cannot easily be separ- 952 Saudi Arabia (divided as 915.2) ated under such heads. The Koran, as

FEBRUARY 1957 the revelation from God, stands by it- 500 And 600 self, above all else. The classification of Science and technology remain the the other aspects of Islam represents same in any tongue, so it was not found an attempt to reach a workable com- necessary to alter Dewey. Where geo- promise between the all-embracing view graphical divisions are required, the lo- of the classical Muslim scholar and the cal adaptation is followed. This collec- somewhat more logical ideas of the tion is a small one, including such books West on how to arrange a library. At as there are on the natural history of the same time, some regard had to be Arabia and a selection of standard texts paid to the rapidly emerging literature and handbooks for the use of the staff on modern Islam and its problems, of translators. written by Muslims who have been in- 700 fluenced by Western practice. Dewey is followed here also. The col- Broad classification has been follow- lection is a selective one and does not ed in most cases. If we ever find our- require close classification. selves faced with a roomful of books on the "two-and-seventy jarring sects," it will be time enough to worry about Like the 400 section, literature has close classification. The four schools of been extensively realigned. The profes- the Shari'ah (Muslim law, 251) offered sion of letters is traditionally a highly a ready-made division, of which imme- honored one in Asia, and Arabic litera- diate advantage was taken. ture has a long and profuse history. Poetry is still considered the highest form. Impromptu contests and verse- This section works very well as Dewey capping are still practiced in both town has laid it down. The collection is small and tribe. Poetry is, therefore, the most and will enlarge only as works on each numerous category after religious works. country appear. Early Arabic poetry is important for research on the Arabs because it re- 400 flects forms of language, social condi- Here is another section which re- tions and history antedating the rise of quired adaptation for use in a library Islam and of written classical Arabic. devoted to Arabic matters. The libra- While providing for the classical ap- ry's books on Western or Indo-Euro- proach to Arabic literature, the classi- pean languages are confined to diction- fication scheme had also to take into aries and a few works on English usage. account the rise of modern Arabic lit- But dictionaries and grammars of Ara- erature, in which the drama, short story bic are endless. They began with the and novel are now taking their places. first spread of Islam and have increased This is especially true in Egypt. with every generation. To Arab gram- No attempt has been made to dis- marians and lexicographers we must tinguish between the literatures of add modern Orientalists and linguists Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and various who study the local dialects as well as states of the Arabian Peninsula and the classical tongue. For one or two North Africa. for all of which classical shelves of European languages, we have Arabic is the literary language. Such a ten or twelve of Arabic. The academies distinction could be introduced easily of Cairo, Baghdad and Damascus add by applying Dewey's principle of mne- volumes every year. We therefore rele- nlonics and adding geographic numbers. gated English and other languages to Works by authors of Turkish birth an obscure place at the rear and gave or residence who wrote in Persian are Arabic, Persian and Turkish a wider classified with Persian literature; e.g., range of numbers. the poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, born of

SPECIAL LIBRARIES a Central Asian family, lived in Konya The history of Muslim Africa is easily under the Seljuq Turks, wrote in Per- arranged. Provision was made for East sian, is classified 832. Africa because of its close contacts with 900 Arabia throughout history. The remain- Geography and history have been der of Africa is of interest mainly as an drastically realigned within the conti- area of Muslim missions, and such nental divisions. 5 still means Asia and books more often fall in the 200 section. 6 means Africa, but there the similarity Antiquities and ancient history are ends. The Arabian Peninsula was our used only where extremely scholarly first responsibility. Classification was works in these fields might confuse the somewhat complicated by the fact that collection of more modern periods. Very material on Arabia is also concerned detailed, scholarly studies of the ruins with Arabs, who range over large areas of Baalbek and Palmyra will fall in outside the Peninsula, and with Islam, 913.561 and 913.562, but Haddad's which covers many nations whose peo- guides to the sights of Lebanon and ples are not Arab. Consequently, some Syria are classed in 915.61 and 915.62. arbitrary lines have been drawn. Rostovtzeff7s Social and Economic His- The geographical section presented tory of the Hellenistic World falls in no great problems. History is another 938, not in 950. matter. Here the classification may seem This classification schedule has been quite arbitrary, and so it is. The history in use for over four years, with minor df Arabia and the historv- of the Arabs adjustments as the need arose or ex- have been lumped together because they perience suggested. The most likely area are usually published that way. The of further change appears to be the 200 history of the Caliphates is treated as section. However, Islamic literature, as part of the history of Asia because it distinguished from Arabic secular let- includes countries and peoples not Arab. ters, is sufficiently inclusive in its point Further experience may indicate that of view to indicate that great caution this distinction should be disgarded and should be exercised before it is divided the history of the Caliphates included too closely. Even this brief review of with the history of the Arabs. The his- the schedule has suggested a number of tory of the Crusades is another border- changes to the author and has shown line case, where local usage suggests up numerous small and large wrinkles that it belongs with the history of west- which need smoothing out. ern Asia. The history of Muslim Spain uses the regular Dewey number for the Cataloging The Library's Materials history of Spain. The history of Turkey contracts in- The library's catalog is the conven- stead of spreading. Here 956 represents tional dictionary type, with entries by the history of the Seljuq and Ottoman author, title and subject. Library of Turks in Asia Minor and neighboring Congress printed cards are used as far areas except Iran, and the further di- as possible. In addition to books, peri- visions represent the modern successor odicals are analyzed and entries made states of the Ottoman Empire as it stood by author and subject for pertinent ar- at the end of the First World War. His- ticles. This is necessary because there tories of Turkey, empire and republic, is no adequate index service for the are placed in 956. Histories of Syria, area covered. Material in European lan- whether Ottoman or not, are placed in guages is quite well surveyed. The bet- 956.1; e.g., Hitti's History of Syria. His- ter journals in Arabic now need to be tories of Iraq are placed in 956.6; e.g., carefully reviewed for the same purpose. Longrigg's Four Centuries of Modern The catalog system also includes an Iraq. author and title list of Arabic books, a FEBRUARY 1957 shelf list, and a card bibliography of rect form of the author's name, relegat- the collections on ing all by-names to the rear. However, the Middle East as far as cards are a thorough knowledge of the compon- now available. ents of an Arabic name is necessary in In the main catalog the principal order to pick out the correct elements problems are the form and translitera- for entry on a catalog card. There is tion of Oriental names and special sub- also the matter of length. The full name ject headings. There is an endless need of the theologian Ibn Taimiya requires for cross references of personal names. three lines of a single column of the The system of transliteration for en- Encyclopaedia of Islam. We usually tries in the main catalog is the one stop with the father, adding kunyas recommended in the ALA Cataloging and other descriptive names as seems Rules, with three exceptions. necessary, and the dates according to No macrons or dots are used. Those the Western calendar. In this particular who know Arabic can do without them instance we would settle for "Ahmad most of the time so far as the catalog ibn 'Abd al-Halim . . . Ibn Taimiya . . . goes, and those who don't know Arabic al-Hanbali, Taki al-Din, 1263-1328." will never know the difference! The Ibn Taimiya and the historian Ibn principal requirement in the translitera- Khaldun provide two excellent exam- tion system is that words be readily ples of another problem. Should Arab transliterated back into the Arabic al- authors be entered under the direct

phabet. This can almost always be form of their names only,-. or should ex- done. For cataloging purposes, phon- ceptions be made for authors who are etics do not enter the picture. best known by some other form? In The form of an Arab name to use for actual practice, this 'library uses Ibn entry is not nearly so simple. Writers Taimiya and Ibn Khaldun, with their who have established a name accord- dates. Cross references are made from ing to Western custom are treated in the direct form of the names. This type the Western manner, with entry under of exception is used sparingly, however. the surname: e.g., Hitti, Philip Khuri; Either form requires cross references or either of the Houranis. Hourani, how- from the other and from all other pos- ever, can be spelled Hurani and often sible forms of entry. Whatever form is is. A "see-also" is a must. There are a chosen, the same form appears in both number of authors writing in English or the main catalog and the Arabic auth- French who use the surname Husaini- or, title and shelf lists. In general, the which can appear as Huseini, Hosseyni, Encyclopaedia of Islam and C. Brockel- Housseyni and about six other spellings, mann's Geschichte der Arabischen Lit- all pronounced nearly the same. A man eratur are used as authorities for form has the right to spell his name as he of names and dates. pleases, so his own usage is followed Although Arabs do not use family and the necessary cross references are names, there are families that have added. This problem does not arise in names. Examples are the A1 Sa'ud (rul- the Arabic author cards because there ing house of Saudi Arabia), A1 Bu Sa'id is only one way to spell each of the vast (ruling house of Muscat) and A1 Sudairi majority of Arab names in the Arabic (prominent Saudi family). The "Al" in language. this case is not the Arabic definite ar- In the Arabic author catalog, the ticle, "al-", meaning "the", but the Ara- principal problem is the determination bic word meaning "house of" or "family of the form of the author's name. Fam- of", or even "dynasty." When it is neces- ily surnames are rare to the point of sary to enter these in the catalog, they non-existence. For this reason it has be- appear as "Sa'ud family" and "Sudairi come customary to enter under the di- family." SPECIAL LIBRARIES The subject headings used in the cat- Pamphlet binders are use in many alog follow the Library of Congress list, cases, especially for small monographs, with appropriate additions. For exam- reprints and photostats. This keeps the ple, there is an important type of un- pamphlet file very small, and such ma- derground irrigation canal in the Mid- terial is used more often because it is dle East which is called a qanat in found on the shelf with larger works most places but is also known as a on the same subjects. falaj. We use the word qanat, with The library system of the company (iseef) references from falaj and canal. is still rather informal. The three pro- There are many terms peculiar to Ara- fessional librarians, R. F. De Angelis bic literature and Islam which are very (New York), F. J. Harsaghy (Dhahran, useful as subject headings and they are Central Technical Library), and M. E. employed where necessary. Hartzell (Dhahran, Arabian Research Periodicals, atlases, maps and micro- Division), maintain informal liaison at film are kept in separate files, and their all times. Exchange of information, serv- classification has so far been a simple ices and materials is continuous. The affair. Periodicals are arranged alpha- Arabian Research Division Library pro- betically by title (with Arabic items vides information and material within transliterated) and are filed in Prince- its subject field to all parts of the com- ton files. Atlases are shelved flat on the pany, whether requested by a library trays of a standard atlas case. Maps or an individual. The Arabian Research are filed by country in horizontal plan Division lends material within the com- files. Microfilm is divided into two files pany's field operation only. Nothing is -long runs of newspapers in one and lent outside the Kingdom because of single titles in the other, by author. the time, distance and shipping formal- Current files of Arabic newspapers arc? ities involved. kept in binders and shelved by title. Non-company visitors are always wel- Periodicals are recorded in a Kardex, come in the library. An Arab friend or in which all Arabic titles have been two are usually in the reading room. transliterated so as to keep the record They may be local neighbors or travel- in one alphabet. lers from other parts of the peninsula whose friends bring them in to see the Other Library Operations library. From time to time a local gov- ernment official calls for information. The binding of books cannot now be We have attempted to keep the changes done in the vicinity of the library be- which have been made within the cause good binding materials are hard framework of a familiar system. As the to obtain. In general, when purchasing library grows, and it is growing with books from Cairo or Beirut, the book alarming speed, other modifications may order includes instructions to have all seem desirable. We feel, however, that books purchased in paper covers bound it should remain basically as it is, pend- in boards and buckram before shipping ing possible establishment of a "Mid- to Arabia. Occasionally a small ship- dle Eastern Dewey" by the new library ment is sent to Mecca or to Beirut for associations and the large university binding. Such shipments, however, in- and public libraries of Cairo, Beirut, Da- volve much paper work, many formal- mascus and Baghdad. Libraries are a ities with the local authorities, and air growing concern in the Middle East, shipment, and we keep them at a mini- and their experience and opinions will mum. The actual cost of binding, not be of increasing interest to all librari- including shipping, is reasonable and ans faced with a collection such as that need not exceed one dollar a volume. of the Arabian Research Division.

FEBRUARY 1957 Assignment In Ankara

GEORGE S. BONN, Assistant Professor Graduate School of Library Service, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey

NKARA, chosen in 1923 to be Tur- education, gradual improvements are A key's capital city, is today a pop- being made in the existing traditional ulous mixture of the old and the new, patterns of Turkish libraries and of the good and the bad and of the long Turkish librarianship. history of Asia Minor and present day As interest in modern library serv- Anatolian Turkey. Reminders of the ices and techniques is increasing, more Hittites, Greeks, Romans, Ottomans and more requests for information and and of Atatiirk are visible all over the for help are coming to the National Li- city in , monuments, temples, brary, to the United States Information mosques, walls, fortresses, public build- Service libraries in Istanbul and An- ings and narrow streets. On the other kara and to the Institute of Librarian- hand, national government offices, for- ship at Ankara University. Information, eign embassies, multiple-apartment guidance and moral support these li- houses, cinemas, night clubs, trolley braries can give, but on-the-spot physical buses and dozens of newspapers con- help and the necessary continual per- stantly remind the people of the im- sonal direction for extended periods of port and the impact of the present. time they can not give-there just are All this by way of saying that setting not enough hands or hours in the day, up a modern, relatively well organized much as these groups wish there were. commercial-industrial library in Ankara One such request for guidance and can be one of the most rewarding, one for on-the-spot direction came to the of the most fascinating, and at the same Institute of Librarianship at Ankara time one of the most frustrating ex- University in the early fall of 1955 periences known to man; known to this from the Secretary General of the man, at any rate. IJnion of Chambers of Commerce, In- Dr. Lawrence S. Thompson has de- dustry and commodity Exchanges of scribed the libraries and the library Turkey. He was quite concerned about movement in Turkey at some length the effectiveness of the Union's grow- and in some detail in an article en- ing collection of books and periodicals titled "Libraries of Turkey" (Library and he hoped something could be done Quarterly, vol. 22, July 1952, p. 270- to transform the primitively organized 284). Since his report a few more Ameri- collection into an up-to-date working can-inspired office libraries have been reference library and information cen- set up in faculties of universities and an ter. Furthermore, he was prepared to Institute of Librarianship has been back and promote the necessary proj- established in the Literature-History- ect and, what is equally important, to Geography Faculty of Ankara Univer- obtain the money (Turkish lira and sity with the cooperation of the ALA United States dollars) to pay for it. and the Ford Foundation." Slowly and, It was just about the same time that it is hoped, surely, by demonstration Elmer Grieder, director of the Insti- and admonition, by consultation and tute, learned I was coming to visit a friend in Istanbul on my way back to * Ludington, Flora Belle. Kiitiiphanecilik biiliimii. Library journal, vol. 80, January 15, New York from Tokyo. Through my 1955, p. 122-3. friend, he wrote to me while I was

SPECIAL LIBRARIES still somewhere east of Suez (and a bit bility is to advise Turkish government south) to find out if I would be inter- bodies on laws, regulations and other ested in at least visiting Ankara and matters dealing with commerce and in- the Union of Chambers of Commerce dustry in any and all fields, including to make a preliminary survey of the such currently important measures as library situation and perhaps to sug- industrial standardization, agricultural gest a plan of action. products grading, materials allocation By the time I reached Port Said it and industrial and minerals development. was agreed that I would stop off in The membership of the Union is made Ankara long enough to make a pre- up of all the chambers of commerce, liminary survey. After I had spent sev- chambers of industry, commodity ex- eral days with the Union and had re- changes and combination bodies of these turned to Istanbul presumably en route three that are in the country-131 dif- to New York, I agreed (somewhat re- ferent groups in 1955. The headquar- luctantly I must admit) to stay in Tur- ters staff consists of graduate engineers, key for three months to undertake the trade and commerce experts, industrial job of organizing the library, the job and business advisors, translators, tech- my own survey said should be done as nical writers and editors, a liaison sec- soon as possible. Everyone concerned tion, personnel and financial section, agreed that three months was not long secretaries, clerical help, the required enough, but even that short time post- number of odacilar or office boys to run poned my expected though non-dated errands and to bring the morning and arrival in New York by just that much; afternoon Turkish coffee, and, most re- besides I was beginning to feel the cently, a librarian. The Secretary Gen- need to be "re-charged" both intellec- eral, a dynamic, Swiss-educated , tually and economically. But back I is chief administrator, policymaker and went to Ankara, full of professional pur- arbiter. The professional men are all pose and public spirited helpfulness, for university-trained in Turkish universi- what turned out to be three mighty ties and in universities in France, Ger- busy months. many, Switzerland, England and the United States. The Union's Position In Turkey The librarian, a former teacher of The Union of Chambers of Commerce, English incidentally, had been a trans- Industry and Commodity Exchanges of lator-typist who was assigned the job Turkey was established by law with of keeping track of the books and peri- certain important responsibilities aimed odicals which came to the Union in primarily at encouraging and develop- ever-increasing numbers. She had re- ing Turkish industry, commerce and ceived guidance, help and encourage- economic life generally. One of its duties ment from the American Library in An- is to act as liaison between member kara, the Institute of Librarianship, the chambers and the Government and be- and from friends in tween member chambers and their for- other libraries in Ankara but like most eign counterparts. Another is to pre- librarians in Turkey she was otherwise pare industrial and commercial reports, untrained in library matters. either on its own initiative or on re- As a quasi-governmental organization, quest, for use by both foreign and do- the Union receives many official gov- mestic manufacturers, bankers, business ernment publications, Turkish and for- men and other interested groups in as- eign, and many OEEC and UN publi- sessing actual and potential marketing cations in both English and French. and manufacturing needs inside and Since it is the top body in Turkey outside Turkey. Still another responsi- among the chambers of commerce and

FEBRUARY 1957 similar agencies, it receives most publi- those few places where Americans and cations of Turkish groups as well as a UNESCO personnel are introducing great many of national and local trade these ideas. But only the ideas exist; and commerce groups all over the world; there still are no physical, tangible, ob- many of these publications are received servable, operating indigenous libraries in exchange for the Union's own week- in our sense of the term "library," with, ly newspaper. to be sure, a few exceptions. Building As a trade, commerce and industry one of these "exceptions" was my as- promotion agency, the Union must have signment in Ankara. the outstanding economics and business Books, magazines, pamphlets and papers from England, France, the United newspapers had been coming to the States and wherever else seems neces- Union for some time before it was gen- sary. For a time it was also receiving erally felt some arrangements should as a gift from the ICA a miscellaneous be made for keeping records of their assortment of American trade journals, receipt and location in the building. apparently chosen by the simple ex- Any staff member could order what he pedient of copying all the titles from wanted with the expectation that when random pages of Ulrich. Because the the item came, it would be shelved (if Union is concerned with industrial pro- he had shelves), put, placed or stored duction and minerals exploitation it somewhere in his own office. Eventually, must have the necessary technical jour- however, the cupboards, desk drawers, nals in the fields of its immediate in- shelves and side tables all were full in terest. The Union's staff engineers, law- one office or another, and the overflow yers, economists and other experts must had to be put somewhere else, usually also have basic background, research into one of the secretaries' or typists' and reference works in the broad areas rooms. These, too, in time filled up, so in which they are advising, promoting, some publications found their ways into developing, consulting, cautioning and the basement storage room along with preparing definitive reports. duplicate copies of Union publications, stored stationery and other supplies. The Union's Library Problems

In truth, the Union's library had no problems which could not be solved by adequate housing and equipment, bibli- ographic and procedural organization and trained personnel. The same can be said for any library in the world! The major difference, however, is that out- side the United States and, to some ex- tent, Western Europe and perhaps Rus- sia, even the very concepts of organi- zation, training and the library itself (as we know it) do not exist except in

Miss Giilten Gokay, librarian of the newly established library of the Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey, checks the shelf list file in the desk especially designed and built for most efficient library use.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES The first recording of holdings, there- It certainly was no oqe's fault that fore, was made of the publications al- these conditions existed in such a minor ready in the building. These were all part of the organization as the library. numbered and entered in a large record They existed other places, too, and not book by title with other necessary in- only just in Ankara, Turkey. The ideas formation about the publication noted of order and of system as we know them in designated spaces. The location with- are not the universal attributes of all in the building was entered in its col- men as some of us are wont to suppose. umn, the only clue to the whereabouts Nor, I should add, are such concepts as of the item and a not too satisfactory time schedules which must be adhered one since books and magazines had a to. The wonder is not that jobs are done way of being somewhere else when so poorly, but that, like Dr. Johnson's they were hunted. New acquisitions dog who tottered acceptably on his two were added as they were received, num- hind legs, they are done at all. Perhaps bered as they came in and "located" in the real wonder is that someone was some office. Occasionally duplicates concerned about trying to improve con- showed up because different persons ditions as he found them in that minor had ordered the same titles. Frequently part of the organization. But, as I have desired publications could not be found implied earlier, the Secretary General in their recorded locations. It was be- is an exceptional person. coming apparent that something should be done about a proper acquisition pro- Attempts At Solutions cedure and, what was more important, adequate housing for the acquisitions. If the Union's new library and infor- mation center could have appeared full As time went by, other records were blown, like Minerva from the brain of started: a rudimentary author-title file Jupiter, everyone concerned would have on varicolored cards; a limited subject been satisfied. Planning, building, mov- file by extremely general topics with a ing, training, typing, lettering, catalog- work occasionally classified by the first ing and so on all take time, yet every. word in its title, a rather usual pro- thing needed to be done at once and cedure in many libraries I visited; a three months seemed such a short time. card record of periodicals received and Accordingly, the first few weeks were a record of the persons to whom the quite automatically apportioned into periodicals were routed when they were blocks of hours each day during which received. After the part-time librarian some part of the project would be con- was appointed, a correspondence folder centrated on. No small portion came to was assembled and added to in an ef- be devoted to public relations of one fort to centralize library-like activities. sort or another: trying to obtain de- These steps were in the right direc- cisions, answering questions on English tion, but because of the part-time aspect semantics, meeting visitors, establishing of the work, the lack of properly desig- the location of the library (that took nated lines of authority and responsi- three weeks itself) after refusing vari- bility, the impossibility of centralizing ous basement rooms and out-of-the-way orders, the inadequacy of the classifica- spaces, waiting while the muezzin cried tion scheme, the incompleteness of basic the time for prayer, having Turkish records, the nonexistence of any cen- coffee or tea mornings and afternoons, tralized space set apart as a library, and and other semi-professional time-fillers. the inexperience of anyone available in Nothing could be done about design- Ankara who might possibly do some- ing, much less building, shelves and li- thing about the deficiencies, matters brary furniture until the room had been continued to go from bad to worse. designated, so other matters were taken

FEBRUARY 1957 care of first. A centralized order and ber (955) which we exchanged with acquisitions procedure was estab;ished Iran (956.1 in the Union's scheme). A very early. Request forms for purcl~ases few numbers were expanded as in were printed and distributed to the Dewey the 14th, the 338's, for exam- staff. Order forms in triplicate and in ple, one of our busier classes. both Turkish and English for overseas Akers' Simple Library Cataloging was purchases were printed. Arrangements our cataloging guide which we followed were made with selected dealers to rather strictly with only a very few lo- handle book and periodical orders. An cal exceptions. After considerable study order file was organized and simple ac- and consultation we decided on a class- counting procedures were developed. ed catalog as being most suitable under Each morning for a set period train- the given conditions: 1) the expected ing sessions were held with the librarian development of the library into an in- to discuss present day ideas of librarian- formation center for the Union; 2) the ship, filing, answering questions, classi- complete absence of accepted or stand- fication, and so on, always trying to ardized subject headings in Turkish; 3) demonstrate clearly and simply just the apparent impossibility of translat- what is meant when we use certain ing many English, German and French terms. From time to time libraries in terms into Turkish with the same con- Ankara were visited to point out good notations; 4) the heavy emphasis on (and bad) features in their operations non-Turkish materials in the library; and to learn from their experiences by 5) the necessity of having a Turkish simplifying, eliminating, avoiding, im- subject index in spite of these other proving their more traditional procedures. facts since Turkish is the one language Emphasis was placed on classifica- common among all users; 6) the ex tion and cataloging problems and on pected method of use of the library s~ the form of the eventual card catalog that the librarian could quickly gather itself. Until our own copy of the 15th together all information on a particu- edition of Dewey came, we borrowed lar topic which a staff member might one from the Institute and concentrat- request by telephone; and 7) the eco- ed on classifying books from their con- nomic fact that a small number of books tents rather than from the title as many must serve many purposes, thereby re- of the other libraries did. We settled on quiring more complete analytics. Dewey rather than UDC or some other The catalog consisted of an author- system simply because it would serve title section filed alphabetically, a easily and well. The National Library classified section filed numerically (al- itself was in the process of adopting a phabetically within numbers) and a sub- classification scheme and the odds were ject index to the numerical classes. The in favor of the DC, and if DC were index included all possible terms for adopted in the National Library it each of the numerical classes because would probably be adopted in other definitions of terms in many of the Turkish libraries. In addition, the DC fields represented were not yet estab- was being translated into Turkish which lished in Turkish and those that were, meant even broader use in the country. were not too well known. The cards in We did make a few adjustments to the classified section have their class the local conditions; the DC is, after cumbers in the upper right-hand cor- all, primarily a system for classifying ners and their call numbers to the left American works in American libraries, of the first few lines of text. To the not Turkish. In law, for instance, we present index will be added the perti- interchanged United States law and nent sections of the translated index to Turkish law, and in the geographical Dewey when it is finally available, per- section we gave Turkey a whole num- haps making it possible to eliminate SPECIAL LIBRARIES some of the more colloquial terms cur- desk,was larger than the. librarian's po- rently being used. sitioh allowed, but these objections Everything in print in the library is tended to die down after it was shown being classified, and all complex works that convenience and usefulness rather are being analyzed. Many of the books than prestige were the deciding factors in the library are in the LC author iil the design of the desk. catalog, a copy of which is in the Na- A simple circulation system was in- tional Library, so these books were stituted and arrangements were made quickly classified from LC cards, allow- to route important current periodicals ing for local ground rules. The others and newspapers. A complete, point-by- were treated as separate problems for point staff manual was drawn up with our discussion sessions; those in Turk- suggestions for further improvement, ish, old or new, were identified by ex- development or change as the occasion perts in the Union as being on one or arose. Articles were published in the more subjects which could be found in Union's paper on the general impor- Dewey and then classified along with tance of good libraries and on the par- the rest. Some attention was paid to the ticular importance of the Union's li- geography of the information since brary with suggestions for the estab- questions frequently were asked about lishment of similar libraries throughout conditions in certain countries; accord- Turkey. Occasional visitors were shown ingly, provision was made in the classed what was being done and were encour- catalog for country breakdown of sub- aged to ask questions, make comments jects. Similarly, form divisions were and to build better libraries. used for periodicals, trade directories, It must be emphasized that without statistics and other like materials. the continuing interest and cooperation After a handsome conference room, oi all members of the Union and espe- 14 by 17 feet in size, was selected as cially of the Secretary General, Dr. the location for the new library, shelv- Cihat Iren, the project could not have ing had to be designed, built and install- been virtually finished within the three ed as did the card catalog case and an months allotted; %I few odds and ends acceptable, convenient librarian's desk- were left well-begun. The continuing to say nothing of book ends, pamphlet interest of many of the librarians in boxes, shelf labels and other necessary Ankara, especially Dr. Adnan Otiiken equipment. These projects took time, and his staff at the National Library, first sketching them and then discussing made the work seem a bit of a coopera- the items with carpenters or any one tive effort. And, of course, the encour- else who might be prepared to make agement and professional help from them. Five carpenters were in on the Mrs. Emily Dean, librarian of the bidding for the wood work, for instance, American Library in Ankara, and from and it took two weeks to select one. Elmer Grieder, director of the Institute The catalog cards themselves had to of Librarianship in the University, were be cut from sheets of heavy paper and invaluable. then punched, and, for good reason, On top of all that, the Union, and I, done over again. The desk was built to were fortunate in having such a willing, include small drawers for a shelf list interested, patient and apt librarian to and the order file, larger drawers for work with as Miss Giilten Gijkay who the periodicals checking record cards is carrying on the work in the library. and for stationery and supplies, a stor- With its expected 5,000 volumes of age space for the old accession book, books and 125 current periodicals, the and an open shelf for useful bopks such Union's library may well set the pattern as Dewey, Akers and Jackson'& Techni- for the Turkish special library of tomor- cal Libraries. A few persons felt the row, with modifications, of course.

FEBRUARY 1957 Flow Chart Of Procedure For Renewing Periodicals

PURCHASING DEPARTMENT VENDOR

Step 1 Step 3

Stop 2

Slep d

Step 7

Flk

File I 9tPurchase Orde I Step 10 I

SPECIAL LIBRARIES A Periodicals Renewing System

MRS. MARION D. MINARD, Librarian, Shell Oil Company, New York City

ITHIN the last three years the Step 5: Renewals are approved by the w volume of material and the at- librarian and office service manager. tendant clerical details for renewing Original cards are resorted according to periodicals had increased at least 60 vendor and then sent to purchasing de- per cent and covered 1170 periodicals. partment for procurement, along with Simplification was necessary. a blanket requisition covering all sub- A 5 x 8 renewal card was prepared, scriptions to be renewed. in duplicate, for each periodical. Each Step 6: Purchase orders (7 copies of form contained the briefest possible in- each) are typed in the purchasing de- formation, including department orig- partment. Copy 7 of each order serves inating order, date and extent of sub- as a requisition form. scription, price, vendor code number, Step 7: Requisition copy 7 is sent to and columns for marking renewals or the library for approval and the peri- cancellations for five years. The original odical renewal cards are returned to be cards were filed according to depart- filed again in a departmental file. ments originating the orders; the dupli- cates were filed alphabetically by peri- Step 8: The librarian and office service odical title and served as a control manager approve requisition copy 7 of while the originals were in circulation purchase orders, thus giving substance and as a reference throughout the year. to the renewal cards for internal audit Each September the original cards and other review purposes, and return are used to renew or cancel subscrip- them to purchasing department. tlons by the procedure outlined on the Step 9: The purchasing department accompanying flow chart: files the requisition copy, number 7, as Sfep 1: Periodical renewal forms for all well as copies 2, 3 and 6. Copy 1 of pur- subscriptions expiring at the end of the chase orders are sent to vendors and year are extracted from the file. copies 4 and 5 go to the library. Step 2: Cards are sorted into sections Step 10: After the first issue of each for each department and sent to the ad- subscription has been received in the ministrative manager of each depart- library, librarian signs copy 4 of the ment, with a covering memo, for deci- purchase order and returns it to the sion whether to renew or cancel. purchasing department. Step 3 : Administrative manager dis- tributes cards to each sub-department Step 11: Copy 5 of each purchase or- manager. They check the cards for pe- der is filed in the library. riodicals to be renewed in black and x Step 12: Purchasing department in red those to be discontinued. Ad- matches copy 4 with open copy and ministrative manager approves all sub- files them by established procedure. scriptions and cancellations in a blanket This procedure, established with the letter and returns letter and cards to help of the methods and procedures de- tke library by October 1. partment, eliminated three lengthy, sep- Step 4: Cards are sorted into renewal arate typings. A complete set of cards and cancellation piles, and the duplicate is typed only once every five years. The renewal forms are made to conform clerical time saved after the first year of with cards returned by departments. setting up this procedure was enormous.

FEBRUARY 1957 BOSTON: From Beacon Hill To Research Row

T IS QUITE an order to compress a as for education, and nearby are Som- I large and complex city into a few erville, Everett, Malden, Waltham and pages. Boston, as everyone knows, is an Brookline (still technically a town), to old city; yet it is also an ever-changing mention a few. Many of the colleges city striving to keep up with the times. and an increasing number of industrial Some visitors have said that in appear- plants are in the surrounding towns. ance it is one of the most English or The Statler Hotel, Convention Head- European cities in the United States, quarters, is pretty much in the heart of yet travelers from abroad would quite things, and a few minutes walk will likely emphasize the differences. Thus take one to a number of points of in- Boston is a city of contrasts, where his- terest. A lovely and relatively peaceful toric Faneuil Hall (its lower floors, in- spot, within sight of the hotel, is the cidentally, still used as a public mar- Public Garden, a miniature Central ket) is now in the shadow of an elevat- Park. I feel sorry for the grown-up who ed highway and the towering John is too old to enjoy a ride on the swan Hancock Insurance building overlooks boats in the lagoon. The Public Garden the romanesque Trinity Church. is distinct from the adjoining Common, Like most metropolitan areas today, which, dating from the time when it Boston is faced with growing pains and really was a common grazing ground traffic problems. In fact, this condition for cattle, is much more plebian. Also is worse here than in many places, be- not far from the hotel is the architec- cause the city is contained on three turally interesting Copley Square, with sides by water and because (as every- its quartet, the Boston Public Library, one knows) the streets were laid out in the Old South Church (not to be con- very crooked fashion on old cow paths. fused with the real Old South), Trinity I take with a grain of salt the story two Church and the Sheraton Plaza Hotel. girls from Wyoming told me about how A short walk farther west brings one to they drove into Boston via the Sumner the Christian Science Monitor Building, Tunnel and were in Plymouth before with its walk-in transparent world globe. they dared to stop. But the traffic prob- The ladies will doubtless soon dis- lem is one reason for the widespread cover the various specialty shops in the demolition and highway construction Back Bay area in the vicinity of Copley going on, which the visitor notes even Square. The larger stores are along as he steps out of the South Station. Tremont and Washington Streets, east As might be expected, the efforts to ease of the Common. One of the first thing: motor traffic congestion and to improve many visitors to the city seem to want dilapdiated areas sometimes conflict to see is Filene's bargain basement. with the interest in preserving historic A short walk up either the Beacon buildings, but so far the two seem to Street or the Park Street side of the have been kept in balance. Common brings one to Beacon Hill, Boston is unique in being a large city the State House and the Boston Ath- surrounded by other cities which, if by enaeum. It is not true, as one of the themselves, would also seem large. Thus, sightseeing bus drivers is supposed to just across the Charles River, is Cam- have said, that the Athenaeum serves bridge, important for industry as well tea to the public every afternoon, but

SPECIAL LIBRARIES This statue of one of Boston's most famous revolutionary patri- ots, Paul Revere, stands appro- priately in a square near the Old North Church from whose belfry hung the lantern signaling that the British were about to march to Concord and Lexington.

Trans U'orld Airlines, IRC. I am sure that many visiting librarians Hospital, the various homes and apart- will want to see it. The Legislature. ments along Beacon Street and the new aware of the wisdom of preserving the campus of Boston University. Farther old flavor of the Hill, recently provided up the River, on the Cambridge side, that no architectural changes are to be are the Harvard Houses and across made without the permission of a board from them, the Harvard Business School. of experts. I doubt if this includes the Another fine way to observe the layout old and uneven brick sidewalks, but of a city is to go up in some tall build- there was a time when the ladies of the ing; the Observation Tower of the John Hill even rose to defend them. Mancock Insurance building is ideal. A short walk from Park Street in the If one wants to go much farther other direction takes one to the market afield, public transportation is neces- district, to the North End, where the sary. To the newcomer, Boston's sub- Old North Church looks down on s way system may seem fearful and won- newer Italian colony, and to the water derful, but the key is Park Street (not front, where T-Wharf provides a home to be confused with Park Square which for artists and restaurants, as well as is near the Statler Hotel). Here, on the fishing boats and sea gulls. upper level, trolleys, which eventually A pleasant way to see any city is come out into the open, proceed to such from a convenient body of water; the places as Symphony Hall, the Art Mu- Charles River provides that opportu- seum and the Harvard Medical School. nity in Boston. Motor launches leave On the lower level runs the subway from the Boston side near the Hatch from Cambridge to Dorchester, which Music Shell at regular intervals and starts at Harvard Square and passes furnish a leisurely half-hour ride up as the South Station. far as the Harvard Stadium. On the There are places in Boston to inter- Cambridge shore one sees Research est persons of many tastes. Fortunately Row, a designation which would include a night at the Pops is being planned; Godfrey L. Cabot Company, National these concerts are one of the musical Research Corporation, the various Mas- highlights of the season. The Fenway will sachusetts Institute of Technology build- be a mecca for art lovers for here are ings (some with Greek domes) and located the of Fine Arts and other establishments. On the Boston the Gardner Museum. The latter con- side are the Massachusetts General tains the collection of the fabulous Mrs.

FEBRUARY 19.57 Jack Gardner; its courtyard, filled with them all, is building up its modern cam- flowers, is a special attraction. pus in Waltham. In addition to the Speaking of flowers, the Arnold Ar- three chapels at Brandeis, the new boretum in Jamaica Plain should be chapel and auditorium at M.I.T. are especially beautiful at the end of May. also of considerable architectural inter- It is operated by Harvard University est. These institutions, together with and maintained as a public park. Those the research departments of the various interested in natural history and science industrial companies, make this area will want to visit the Museum of Sci- renowned for its research facilities. ence, located on the causeway at the Some may wish to prolong their stay lower end of the Charles River Basin. A in order to visit historic Concord and number of garden-type factories, many Lexington, Mar b 1e h e a d and Salem, specializing in electronics, are springing Cape Ann with its artists and its fishing up along Route 128, a new highway boats, and Cape Cod with its beaches. circling the Greater Boston area. Or they may want to use Boston as a Many visitors are attracted by the springboard for tours to the White large number of colleges in the area. Mountains of New Hampshire and the Boston University and M.I.T. in Boston rocky coast of Maine. Shore dinners and Cambridge respectively have al- may attract some, or a visit to some ready been mentioned. Northeastern historic or scenic spot may intrigue University and Simmons College are also in Boston, while Harvard and Rad- others. We trust that information about cliffe are in Cambridge, though Harvard places to eat, libraries to visit and tours spills over into Boston too. Harvard will be available at the time of the Square is very much a business center, Convention. Meanwhile, be assured that but the Yard, though not called a cam- the old canard that Bostonians are cold pus, is still a pretty good example of and unapproachable is thoroughly ex- one. Boston College is attractively sit- ploded. In fact, it is said that New Eng- uated on a hill, just over the line in land is a second home for all Ameri- Newton. Tufts is on another hill in cans; come and prove it so. Medford, and Brandeis, the newest of ROBERTW. LOVETT,Convention Committee Spanish Special Librarian Arrives Under Jointly-Sponsored Program Miss Maria Serrallach, chief librari- perience. The International Educational an of the chemistry department at the Exchange Service is responsible for University of Barcelona for 18 years, is international travel expenses and one the fourth of six librarians to come to month of travel in the United States. the United States under the Jointly- Miss Serrallach will spend 11 months Sponsored Program for Foreign Libra- on the staff of the University of Notre rians. This program was planned and Dame Library. She is the author of arranged in 1956 by the International Bibliografia Quimica, published in Bar- Relations Committees of the Special celona in 1946. and since 1941 has been Libraries Association and the American a well-known reference authority on Library Association and the Depart- microfilming and photocopying. She is ment of State, International Education- also a certified translator of French and al Exchange Service. Each participat- German and has organized and super- ing librarian spends approximately 11 vised translation groups in Barcelona. months as a visiting staff member of an Her articles on librarianship have ap- American library which provides a peared in Bibliotecomio and Afinidad. maintenance allowance and the oppor- MRS.ELAINE AUSTIN BLEDSOE,SLA Member tunity to gain professional library ex- on Jointly-Sponsored Program Committee

SPECIAL LIBRARIES The 22nd Session

HE TWENTY-SECOND MEETING of Tthe International Federation of Li- brary Associations (IFLA) took place in Munich, Germany, from September 2-4, 1956. The program included meet- ings of the Federation Internationale de Documentation (FID), International Association of Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists, International As- sociation of Medical Librarians and Documentalists, International Associa- tion of Music Libraries and Interna- tional Organizations for Standardiza- tion. About 60 members of the IFLA Council and 20 to 30 observers took Karl A. Baer, SLA representative to the conference, chats with Dr. T. P. Sevensma, part in the sessions. Secretary of IFLA and Director Emeritus of The opening address of the IFLA the Library of the University of Leyden. President, Dr. P. Bourgeois, Director of The joint IFLA-FID Committee on the Swiss National Library, was largely Professional Education has ceased its concerned with two general topics- activities following the publication of developments in international bibliogra- the results of the investigation of phy and the future of the scientific Madame Briet. The Executive Bureau journal. Dr. Bourgeois discussed new of the Council has now decided on fol- bibliographical undertakings on an in- low-up investigations concerning points ternational scale. One of them was the affecting both education and recruiting. bibliography of the various entertain- Various groups like the hospital li- ment groups or, if you wish, show busi- braries and the agricultural librarians ness, now being prepared by a new sec- and documentalists made important de- tion of IFLA. He also spoke about the cisions concerning their publications- financial difficulties of an international newsletters and abstract journals. group of theological libraries in trying to start a similar undertaking in their The Union Catalogues Section pre- own field of endeavor. sented a lengthy report on the develop- ment of union catalogues and interna- Important reports were presented by tional loans. It was interesting to see various committees. According to the the overwhelmingly passive balance of report of the Committee on Catalogu- the Iron Curtain countries in this field. ing Rules, the following will be subjects The ratio was about 10 - 1. for future investigation: sources for The standardization of library statis- subject headings, control of cross refer- tics was another problem that came up ences, headings for geographical names for discussion, and various suggestions and changes of names. The Committee were made to supplement the state- on Periodicals and Serial Publications ments and suggestions made in the expressed the wish that national selec- UNESCO publication entitled Znterna- tive bibliographies of current periodic- tional Statistics on Libraries and Book als be published and that lists of dupli- Production (March 14, 1956). cates be organized with a view to fa- KARL A. BAER cilitating international exchange. SLA Representative to IFLA

FEBRUARY 1957 Members in the News tetion Research, a demonstration of MARYANGLEMYER has resigned as as- systems for the organization, storage sistant editor of the Dewey Decimal and retrieval of recorded information Classification to serve for one year as and a symposium on information-han- research and library specialist in dling problems and techniques. The UNESCO's Fundament a 1 Education three-day program, April 15 - 17, is an Centre, Ubol, Thailand. Miss Angle- outgrowth of the Conference on the myer was director of library service in Practical Utilization of Recorded Knowl- the USIS Library in Bangkok, 1949-53. edge held in January 1956, and will bring together 20 or more information LILLIANHAMRICK, head of the refer- systems devised or adapted by their ence section in the Library of Congress' users to meet specific problems. Ma- Technical Information Division for five chines will also be demonstrated but years, has been appointed assistant working systems will be emphasized. A chief of TID. model information center will be set up HELEN JANE JONES recently became on the university campus and answers librarian of the National Cash Register to questions asked in Cleveland will be Company, Electronics Division, Haw- routed to various mechanized informa- thorne, California. She was formerly tion files in the United States and with the Lockheed Aircraft Corpora- abroad. In this way both high-speed tion, Missile Systems Division Library, transmission methods and rapid search- Van Nuys, California. ing techniques will be shown in opera- tion. Special Libraries Association is ANNE J. RICHTER,book editor of the one of the professional organizations R. R. Bowker Company, has been se- co-sponsoring the symposium and dem- lected by the nearly 1000 members of onstrations. the Women's National Book Associa- tion as the recipient of the 1957 Con- TWE-STW Merger Approved stance Lindsay Skinner Award which Officers of the Association of Technical is given annually to a woman who has Writers and Editors (TWE) and the made an outstanding contribution to Society of Technical Writers (STW) the world of books. announced a merger of their organiza- tions following a two-day joint national Coming Events convention held in New York in No- ASLIBANNUAL CONFERENCE. The Con- vember 1956. At the same time pre- ference and the Annual General Meet- liminary discussions were held with a ing will be held at the Grand Hotel, third professional group, the Technical Scarborough, England, May 20-22, 1957. Publishing Society (TPS), and it was NATIONALMICROFILM ASSOCIATION will agreed that steps be taken to imple- hold its annual meeting April 1-3 at ment the merger of all three groups. the Sheraton Rochester Hotel in Ro- chester, New York. The Executive Board SYMPOSIUMON SYSTEMSFOR INFOR- and MATION RETRIEVAL.The School of Li- Advisory Council brary Science, Western Reserve Uni- of Special Libraries Association will versity, and its Center for Documenta- 1 met at the Sheraton-McAipin tion and Communication Research will Hotel, New York City, on Febru- I ary 28, March 1 and 2, 1957. present, with the Council on Documen- I

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Conference on Scientific Information Harvard to Publish Source Books The National Science Foundation, Na- Harvard University Press will publish tional Academy of Science-National and distribute the series of Source Books Research Council and the American in the History of the Sciences, originally Documentation Institute have announc- published by McGraw-Hill. Three vol- ed plans for a jointly sponsored Inter- umes in the series are now available: A national Conference on Scientific In- Source Book in Astronomy, A Source formation, to be held in Washington, Book in Mathematics and A Source D.C. in November 1958. Papers and Book in Chemistry. Several out-of-print review panels will concentrate on seven volumes in the series will be re-issued general areas: scientists' requirements and others are in preparation. for scientific literature and reference services; abstracting and indexing serv- Ten Commandments ices for storage and retrieval of scien- The following ten requisites for map tific data; effectiveness of monographs, librarians were compiled by Ena Yonge, compendia and specialized information map curator, American Geographical centers in storing and retrieving infor- Society. They were reprinted from a mation; characteristics of existing sys- past issue of SLA's Geography and Map tems for organizing data for storage and Division Bulletin in the hope that they search; problems in designing new sys- will apply to-or at least amuse-other tems for information storage and re- librarians. trieval; theory of organizing knowledge 1. Have the strength of a Goliath. for storage and search; and research 2. Be at least 6 feet all (map drawers and training in scientific documenta- and atlas shelves are on the up and up, tion and operation of information serv- as there is no room to spread sideways). ices. Participation in the conference will 3. Be as stubborn as a mule (never let be limited to 150 specialists in the fields a map or a consultant get the better to be discussed. Further information of you or out of your sight!). about the conference may be obtained 4. Have the patience of a saint (for the from Dr. Alberto F. Thompson, Execu- same consultant). tive Secretary, International Confer- 5. Be a mind-reader (for the same con- ence on Scientific Information, National sultant). Academy of Sciences -National Re- 6. Be a diplomat (see above). search Council, 2 10 1 constitution Ave., 7. Be a combination Sherlock Holmes Washington 25, D.C. and Scotland Yard (to track down lost maps and to deal with recalcitrant bor- Letter to the Editor rowers). 8. We are now planning a comprehensive re- Be able to understand all languages, print and photocopy service for Management's both written and spoken. DocuMation Preview readers. Phombpies will 9. Be a general handyman (to deal be made immediately on our premises from a with broken map cases, torn maps, brok- master copy of each article. We are currently en down files, etc.). thinking in terms of a charge of $1 for a re- print or five page photocopy. 10. Be a bloodhound of the first order Incidentally, your readers may be interested (needed for map acquisition work). to know that a limited number of copies of my paper, The Preparation of Printed Indexes Special Subject Issues Planned by Automatic Punched-Card Equipment-A The May-June SPECIAL LIBRARIESwill Manual of Procedures, Johns Hopkins Uni- be a special issue devoted to tools and versity Medical Indexing Project, March 24, techniques of medical libraries and li- 1953, 16 p., are available upon request. brarians. A second special issue concen- EUGENEGARFIELD, President DocuMation, Inc. trating on biological science libraries is Woodbury, New Jersey scheduled for late fall or early winter.

FEBRUARY 1957 Book Reviews dex and contains seven useful appendixes. Among these are lists of depository libraries. INFORMATION FOR ADMINISTRATORS: field offices of the U. S Department of Com- A GUIDETO PUBLICATIONSAND SERVICESFOR merce and the Small Business Administration MANAGEMENTIN BUSINESS AND GOVERN- and bureaus of business and government re- MENT.Paul Wasserman. Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell search in American universities. University Press, 1956. 389 p. $6. From the viewpoint of this reviewer, the Until this very scholarly yet readable book information contained in this valuable man- came off the press in 1956, there were only ual is both reliable and accurate. Only one two comprehensive guides to business infor- error was found and that was one of omission mation sources in existence. The first of these, rather than of commission. In the appendix Coman's Sources of Business Information, ap- entitled "Bank Publications on Economic Con- peared in 1946. The second, Manley's Business ditions in Foreign Countries," there are, Information: How to Find and Use It, came strangely, no listings for Great Britain, though out in 1955. This latest guide, however, goes it is widely known that several British banks a step further and covers the field of public issue excellent economic reviews. administration as well as that of business. In summary, this is a scholarly, compre- While aimed at people active in business hensive and accurate compendium of informa- and government as well as at students in tion sources, logically arranged and easy to those fields, this book is an absolute "must" use. It should be on the next book order of for business, social science and research libra- many special librarians. ries as well as for all library schools. And, although the author disclaims its value for MARYP. MCLEAN,Librarian skilled researchers, many of these, too, would Business Library, Newark, New Jersev find its content illuminating and valuable. LIBRARY ASSISTANCE TO READERS, The author, presently librarian and asso- 2nd rev. and enl. ed. Robert L. Collison, New ciate professor at Cornell's Graduate School York: John De Graff, Inc 1956. 125p. photos. of Business and Public Administration, was $2.75. formerly assistant to the business librarian Mr. Collison's manual does what every and then chief of the science and industry text in the field of should do- division of the Brooklyn Public Library From it communicates the spirit and philosophy of this rich background he has absorbed the library work by setting down simple, prac- philosophy of administration as well as a tical rules for the everyday work of the libra- practical knowledge of sources in its many rian, in this case, the reference librarian. I areas. These he has skillfully blended into e feel that this, rather than abstract theorizing. work that might be considered definitive. is the only successful way of approaching the Wasserman's approach is somewhat differ- subject. While the book is not concerned with ent from those of Coman and Manley. While special library work in particular, it is quite Coman's approach was by subject and Man- suitable as an introduction for a new assistant, ley's partly by media and partly by subject, no matter if he is immediately concerned with Wasserman's is a three-way affair. Some chap- reference work or not. Even those of us who ters are arranged by topic of study, i.e., busi- feel that we are more advanced can only gain ness administration, public administration, by thinking over once more such statements legislation and regulation, local areas and in- as: "Combination of good selection and good ternational information; others by sources of research is best foundation for good reference information, i.e., trade associations, chambers work" . . . "Vertical files must not be con- of commerce, business and governmental re- sidered at any time the proper place for ma- search organizations, government, periodicals, terial which would otherwise be thrown away" services, newspapers and reference books; and . . . "Every piece of printed material issued still others by type of investigation, i.e., sta- by a library should be a worthy ambassador tistics and research, and libraries. of the service available to readers." Each type of information source is ex- The book is divided into four parts: the plained in detail and, where necessary, defini- library, publications, advisory work with read- tions are included. Many examples are in- ers (which includes reference work) and one cluded under each type, each with an excel- section discussing reference material which lent annotation. has been newly introduced in this second edi- The book is liberal with cross references tion. The stress in this as in all other chap- and footnotes. has an accurate and usable in- ters is, of course, on British publications and

SPECIAL LIBRARIES conditions. This, however, does not diminish THE SOVIETJOURNAL OF ATOMICEN- the intrinsic value of the book as a means of ERGY. Consultants Bureau has announc- supplying "general educational background" ed that its translation of Atomnaya in library work. KARL A. BAER, Chief Librarian Energiya (SPECIALLIBRARIES, Septem- National Housing Center, Washington, D.C. ber 1956, p. 337) will be issued month- ly in 1957, rather than bimonthly. SLA Authors BROWN,ERNESTINE. Seattle Solves Problem RECENT ' REFERENCES of Standards and Specifications. Library Jour- nal, vol. 82, no. 1, January 1, 1957, p. 33-5. ,Library Literature HENRICH, MARGARETMARY. A Cataloger's THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS: A Select- Quandary. The Catholic Library World, vol. ed List of References. Washington, D.C.: 28, no. 1, October 1956, p. 26-8. Reference Dept., General Reference and Bibli- PHELPS, EDITH M. The Kristine Mann Libra- ography Division, Library of Congress, 1956. ry. Stechert-Hafner Book N~WS,vol. 11, no. 3, 26 p. pap. 35 cents. (Available from Card November 1956, p. 25-6, Division) RICHARDS,JOHN S. Regional Library Associa- Published writings on the background of the tions. Library Journal, vol. 81, no. 22, Decem- Library of Congress and the nature and extent ber 15, 1956, p. 2883-9. of its collections, activities and services. SHERA,JESSE H. The Librarians' New Fron- PATRONS ARE PEOPLE: How to be a tier. Library Journal, vol. 82, no. 1, January model librarian, rev. ed. Sarah L. Wallace. 1, 1957, p. 26-8. Chicago: American Library Association, 1956. STEBBINS,KATHLEEN B. Problems in Person- 56 p. pap. 80 cents. nel. Wilson Library Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 4, Several chapters and new illustrations have December 1956, p. 324-30; 323. been added to this witty and popular account TAUBER,MAURICE F. The Contributions of of dealing with ticklish library situations. Louis Round Wilson to Librarianship. Wilson Library Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 4, December PUBLIC LIBRARIES FOR ASIA: The Delhi 1956, p. 315-23. Seminar. (UNESCO Public Library Manuals. WESNER,JEAN P. Library Staff-Our Greatest No. 7). Paris: UNESCO, 1956; New York: Asset. Wilson Library Bulletin, vol. 31, no. 4, UNESCO Publications Center. 165 p. pap. December 1956, p. 331-3. illus. $1.50. A survey of the present situation and recom- New Serials mendations for development of public library services in Asia. LIBRARYRESOURCES AND TECHNICAL SERVICES. The official publication of PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICE: A Guide to the American Library Association's Evaluation, with Minimum Standards. Chi- newly organized Resources and Tech- cago: American Library Association, 1956. 96 P pap. $1.50. Supplement, Costs of Public nical Services Division, Library Re- Library Service in 1956. 24 p. pap. 65 cents. sources and Technical Services, merges Combined price, $2. the former Journal of Cataloging and Presents 70 guiding principles and about 200 Classification and Serial Slants. The standards to implement them. publication, which will be published RECRUITING LIBRARY PERSONNEL; quarterly in January, July and AUTOMATION IN THE LIBRARY: Re- October, will include material relating ~ortof the 41st Conference of Eastern Colleee- to the selection and acauisition of li- Librarians Held at Columbia University, No- brary materials, the devkoprnent and vember 26, 1955, (ACRL ~onographsNo. coordination of library resources, and 17 ) . Chicago: Association of College and Ref- erence Libraries, 1956. 52 p. pap. $1.25. other librarv activities within the field cf interest to the new division, Non- TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF THE WASH- members of ALA may place subscrip- INGTON LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Helen tions at $5 through magazine agencies Johns. Palo Alto, Calif.: Pacific Books, Box 558, 1956. 184 p. $3.50. or direct to the American Library Asso- A history of growth and achievements, with ciation, East chapters on the Association's influence on state 11, Illinois. legislation and institutes of government.

FEBRUARY 1957 Bibliographies CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE ART OF Posstrorz~ open and wanted - 50 cents per Ime. TURNING AND LATHE AND MAC'IINE n~rnrrnurn chorge Sl.50. Copy mrrst be received TOOL HISTORY with Additional Refel \I,ces b+ 10th of month preced~ngmonth of publicat~oir to Books and Periodical Articles Which Are Itlrlrrcc Cxerutrve Secretor), Sperral I,~brarre> Assorrotron,

Miscellaneous References CATALOGERAND REFERENCE ASSISTANT. 35 ABSTRACTS OF DISSERTATIONS FOR hour week. One position may be part-time. THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOS- College of Osteopathic Physicians and Sur- OFHY 1940-1955. College Station: Graduate geons, 1721 Griffin Ave., Los Angeles 31, Calif. ------School, Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, 1956. 248 p. CURATOROF EXHIBITSfor Dearborn Historical Museum. Degree in American History or Art. HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD Some experience and working knowledge of WAR ( Military Series ) museum exhibit preparation. Age 25-40. Sal- ary $4,953-$5,664 per year. Write to Depart- J. R. M. Butler, cd. THE MEDITERRANEAN ment of Personnel, City Hall, Dearborn, Mich. AND MIDDLE EAST, vol. 2: The Germans ------Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941). LIBRARIANexperienced or recent graduate to Major-General I. S. 0. Playfair. 392 p. 1956. organize and administrate small ilbrary for $5.04; GRANDSTRATEGY, VO~. 5: August 1943- new architects display building. Write or September 1944. John Ehrman. 634 p. 1956. phone Built-~n-Age Inc., 744 Broad Street, Sb.05. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Of- Newark, N. J. Market 3-5393. fice; New York: British Information Services. ------30 Rockefeller Plaza. (Prices quoted apply LIBRARIANto administer a Nursing School only to libraries) Library for approximately 85 students. Faculty status. Library located in new, air-conditioned THE INTERNATIONAL WHO'S WHO. building. Reasonably priced rooms and apart- 20th ed. London: Europa Publications Ltd. ments available near hospital. Salary $3600- 1956. 1051 p. $18.50 $4200. One month's vacation, sick leave, paid holidays and Social Security benefits. Reply to: A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE. Sister Mary Kevin R.S.M., Director, School of Otto L. Bettmann. Springfield, Ill.: Charles Nursing, St. Edward Mercy Hospital, 1411 C. Thomas, 1956. illus. $9.50. Rogers Avenue, Fort Smith, Arkansas. A survey of medicine from Egypt to 1900 in LIBRARIANwith L.S. degree and at least four graphic and text form. Over 900 pictures. In- years experience to reorganize library serving cludes an index and bibliography. professional staff which includes psychologists, social workers, psychiatrists. Salary range POTTER'S NEW CYCLOPAEDIA OF BO- $4300-$5500. Good vacation, sick leave, re- TANICAL DRUGS AND PREPARATIONS, tirement plans. Send resume to Brydon Lidle, 7th rev. and enl. ed. R. C. Wren. New York: Personnel Director, Pennsylvania Department Pitman, 1956. 400 p. illus. $10. of Welfare, Harrisburg, Pa.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES LIBRARIAN SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN Degree in library sciences or equivalent with training and/or experience in bi- To take complete charge of Research ology or chemistry to administer the Library of leading corn and soybean functions of a pharmaceutical/medical processor. This is a new position cre- library. Personality suitable to personal ated by recent expansion of our research contact. Eastern manufacturer. Liberal activities. Work will involve literature benefits. Send complete resume. Box A55. searches, abstracting, cataloging and recommending references for research personnel. Desire man or woman with B.S. degree in Chemistry or Chemical RESEARCH LIBRARIAN for Engineering and a degree in Library Science. Prior experience helpful but Advertising and Marketing Research Department. Responsibilities include main- not essential. taining specialized business library, refer- ence work and compiling marketing data. Desire woman with Library Science de- gree or equivalent. Prefer experience in advertising or similar business library. All replies confidential. Send complete Please send resume and salary desired or phone Miss Eileen Williams. resume to- G. E EUBANKS GENERAL FOODS CORPORATION 250 North Street A. E. STALEY MFG. CO. White Plains, N.Y. DECATUR, ILLINOIS

TECHNICAL ADVERTISING AGENCY LIBRARY LIBRARIAN CATALOGUER Largebt and fastest-growing Connecti- cut advertising agency needs a capable librarian to maintain an excellent libra- Duties are : adapting standard ry already set up and to locate sources library procedures to indexing of marketing material in diverse busi- of books and reports in growing ness fields. Previous advertising ex- technical library. Requirements prrience not necessary. Pleasant living, are: age to 35. Degree in Libra- agreeable working conditions in new air-cmtlitioned building, friendly asso- ry Science preferred. Extensive ciates, group insurance, pension plan, experience acceptable. other benefits. Salary commensurate with experience.

0 Engineering Personnel Send resume and salary information to CHANCE VOUGHT Mr. Melvin G. Grover Wilson, Haight, Welch AIRCRAFT & Grover, Inc. Incorporated 645 Farmington Avenue P.O. Box 5907 Dallas, Texas Hartford 3, Connecticut

FEBRUARY 1957 LIBRARIAN Orders Now Being Accepted For Engineering Division SPECIAL CHRYSLER CORPORATION LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION This major Detroit automotive manu- facturer has an attractive opportunity for a woman with a degree in Library DIRECTORY Science as reference librarian with some cataloging duties (books only) in an 0 F engineering . This posi- tion offers a chance to work with pro- MEMBERS fessional engineers and other technical personnel in pleasant, thoroughly profes- As Of September 15, 1956 sional surroundings, in a fascinating dynamic field. An alphabetical listing including ad- dress, Chapter: Division and Section Excellent salary and benefits includ- ing thrift-stock ownership program. Write affiliations and type of membership.

ENGINEERING DIVISION $2.00 - SLA Members CHRYSLER CORPORATION $4.00 - Non-members P. 0. Box 1118 Detroit 31, Michigan Special Libraries Association Attention: Technical Recruitment Dept. 31 East 10 Street New York 3, N.Y.

PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIANS CHIEF Opportunities for professional librarians in technical libraries, which provide TECHNICAL LIBRARY SERVICES support for varied scientific and engi- neering research programs in Oak Ridge Atomic Energy Installations. Some back- ground in physical sciences desirable. Immediate opening for man with degree All degree levels; 0 - 8 experience. in science or engineering, Master's degree in library science and six to ten years' Exceptional opportunities, modem and unique facilities, liberal benefit plans, experience. Position requires man with educational and training programs, plant imagination and capacity to work with a interview and moving expenses, mod- minimum of supervision. He must have erate climate, year around outdoor recre- ability to evaluate continually the tech- ational activities, low cost living, avail- able housing. nical library needs of the Corporation. He Send resume and salary will supervise main library and three information to or four branch libraries. Good working Technical Personnel Office library staff available, but he must build up size and organize branch libraries.

UNION CARBIDE NUCLEAR Send resume to COMPANY Mr. R. C. Molloy, Executive Engineer a division of Union Carbide and Carbon RESEARCH DEPARTMENT Corporation UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION Post Office Box P Oak Ridge, Tenn. East Hartford 8, Connecticut

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