V I E T N A M C A M B O D I A Nha Trang Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey Andaman Is. Da Lat National Earthquake Information Center (India) Phnom Penh April 2008, edited 30 September 2009 P H I L I P P I N E S Map not approved for release by Director USGS original URL Ho Chi Minh City http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/products_data/ Panay Long XuyenMy Tho Seismic Hazard 95° 100° 105° 110° 115° Seismic Hazard of WReach GsiaCan tThoern

Negros BURMA Palawan Western Indonesia Earthquakes, 1988 - June 2009 Kota Baharu 95° PLATE 100° 105° 110° 115° N A Pinang Kuala Terengganu Nicobar Is. W H A G S R I L A N K A (India) L U 5° 5° A O Ipoh B R U N E I P R M T A Kuantan New Port L A Kuala Lumpur Kota Baharu Y Seremban S I A SUNDA PLATE I S A Y Banda Aceh A Pinang L Kuala Terengganu 1991 A Fault M 5° 5° Ipoh B R U N E I S I N G A P O R E M Southern Sumatra A 2004 1990 L Kuantan New Port 30 September 2009 10:16:09 UTC 0° 0° Medan 2004 A Kuala Lumpur Y 0.788° S., 99.961° E. Depth 80 km S A Seremban Mw = 7.6 (USGS) I I N D O N E S I A 2008 I S A Y 2002 45 km (30 miles) WNW of Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia A Palangkaraya Simeulue L Sumatra 2005 220 km (135 miles) SW of Pekanbaru, Sumatra, IndonesiaA Johor Baharu 475 km (295 miles) SSW of KUALA LUMPUR, MalMaysia Singapore Bandjermasin 45 S I N G A P ONRote:E Unlike the sequences shown, the M7.6 earthquake of 30 September 2009 is not likely an interplate thrust event. mm/yr Nias Pekanbaru 2006 Borneo 2005 Pontianak 5° Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung 5° 0° 2007 0° Greater Sunda Islands 2007 S u m Padang a tr MOLUCCA a I N D O N E S I A Jambi Southern Sumatra 1995 SEA 1 October 2009 1:52:47 UTC Palangkaraya Java 2007 Bangka Sulawesi PLATE Sipura -2.602° S., 101.702° E. Palembang Depth 10 km I N D I A N 1797 Mw = 6.6 (USGS) . Bandjermasin O C E A N 2007 Bengkulu 10° 10° AUSTRALIA 2000 PLATE 1833 2007 1994 5° 2000 5° 95° 100° 105° 110° 115° 2000 Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung Greater Sunda Islands Seismic Hazard expressed as Peak Ground Acceleration (%g) Scale 1:10,000,000 2007 M 7.5 with a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. 0 250 500 Kilometers Jakarta Reference site condition is firm rock. From USGS/AID Administrative Report. Lesser Sunda Islands 2000 2005 BANDA SEA Bandung Semarang 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 ------1 1 2 2 3 4 6 6 0 P1LA2 TE3 4 5 6 7 8 ------> 9 0 5 0 5 0 0 2004 area 1999 Surabaya 1 1 2 2 3 4 Ho Chi Java outside of Yogyakarta EERI paper Minh City extent 2004 2004 2006 55 Fatal Earthquakes 1988 - 2008 Significant rupture zones along offshore western Sumatra: 1998 Year MFolo r eDsy Hr Mn Lat Lon Dep Mag Deaths mm/yr 2006 I N D I A N 2006 2004 Lompoc 1797, 1833, and 2000 - 2008 Sumbawa 1990 11 15 2 34 3.939 97.405 30 6.7 7 O C E A N 1991 5 26 10 59 5.858 116.652 49 5.1 1 95° 100° 105° 1994 2 15 17 7T I-M4.9O99R 104.255 23 6.8 207 10° 10° 1994 6 2 18 17 -10.409 112.934 35 7.8 277* 1994 Sumba S 1995 10 6 18 9P L-2A.0T07E 101.45 37 6.7 84 EXPLANATION U N D A 1998 9 28 13 34 -8.177 112.34 152 6.5 1 ( J AV 1999 12 21 14 14 -6.823 105.498 42 6.4 5 A ) T R Fatal Earthquakes EN C H 2000 6 4 16 28 -4.76 102.031 34 7.9 103 2000 6 5 23 55 -4.151 101.953 47 5.5 1 Sep 2007 M8.5 2000 6 7 23 45 -4.651 101.848 32 6.7 1 M 1994 2002 11 2 1 26 2.837 96.088 30 7.2 3 5° 5° Jul 2006 M7.7 A 65 2004 1 1 20 59 -8.349 115.758 45 5.8 1 L 2004 2 16 14 44 -0.516 100.548 13 5 5 A Mar 2005 M8.6 mm/yr Y 2004 9 15 8 35 -8.784 115.325 97 5.3 1 Medan S Dec 2004 M9 2004 12 26 0 58 3.287 95.972 30 9 227898* Discussion of Rupture Zones 2004 I 95° Cocos Is. 100° 105° 110° 115° 2005 2 2 5 55 -7.004 107.816 57 4.8 1 A (Australia) Jun 2000 M7.9 RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS Scale 1:7,500,000 2005 3 28 16 9 2.069 97.097 22 8.6 1303 Much of the thrust-fault plate boundary 0 200 400 800 1,200 Kilometers 2006 5 26 22 53 -7.961 110.446 12 6.4 5749 Jun 1994 M7.8 The broad red vectors represents the motion of offshore of Sumatra has ruptured in a 2006 7 17 8 19 -9.254 107.411 34 7.7 665* 2002, the Australia Plate relative to the Sunda Plate in sequence of great earthquakes since 2000. 2006 12 17 21 39 0.626 99.859 30 5.8 7 2008 SINGAPORE 1988-June 2009 M ≥ 5 the region. The motion of the Australia Plate is 2007 3 6 3 49 -0.512 100.524 19 6.4 67 Although the effect of these earthquakes Magnitude generally 50-66 mm/yr northward with respect to 2007 3 6 5 49 -0.488 100.53 11 6.3 ** is to reduce stress on much of the thrust- the Sunda Plate in the southern region, but DISCUSSION 2007 9 12 11 10 -4.52 101.374 34 8.5 25 fault boundary, continuing readjustments diminishes to 40-50 mm/yr towards the north. 2005 5 - 5.9 2007 9 12 23 49 -2.506 100.906 30 7.9 ** of stress and associated aftershocks are 0° 0° The tectonics of the poster region are dominated by the subduction of the Australia 2008 2 20 8 8 2.778 95.978 35 7.4 3 6 - 6.9 expected around the edges of the rupture plate beneath the Sunda plate. The rate of relative plate motion varies from east to * most deaths are from tsunamis zones (solid colors on map). In addition, 7 - 7.9 west across the map region, as indicated in the large map. Interplate earthquakes ** casualties for earthquakes on same day are listed with the first some sections of the thrust-fault boundary I N D O N E S I A occur as the result of seismic slip on the thrust boundary between the overriding offshore of central and southern Sumatra 8 - 9 Sumatra Sunda plate and the subducting Australia plate. The Sumatran fault accommodates have not ruptured in the recent sequence 1797 Depth for 1988-June 2009 events a large component of trench parallel motion of the western Australia/Sunda plate of great earthquakes and retain the boundary that is not be accommodated by slip on the thrust-fault interface between potential to produce one or more 1 - 64 km earthquakes of magnitude 8 or greater in the two plates. Intraplate shocks within the Australia or Sunda plate reflect stresses 65 - 299 upcoming years or decades. This section generated in those two plates by the overall subduction process. of the Australia/Sunda plate boundary 2007 ≥ 300 produced earthquakes of magnitude larger 5° 5° Greater Sunda Islands The large map shows epicenters of magnitude 5 and larger earthquakes occurring in than 8.5 in 1797 and 1833 (rupture zones Faults 1833 the region from the beginning of 1988 through February 2008. Main shocks of dashed on map), and geodetic and Jakarta Subduction magnitude 7.7 and larger and aftershocks occurring within 31 days of the main DATA SOURCES geologic observations imply that much of 2000 USGS, National Earthquake Information Center shocks are represented by differently colored symbols. the elastic strain that accumulated on the Bandung Transform IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions Semarang (Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: plate boundary since the early 19th Active Volcanoes The large map also shows earthquakes for which fatalities are listed in the 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., century has not yet been released in the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters publication of the U. S. Geological Survey. International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, shocks that have occurred in the region Java Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.) since 2000. The exact timing of future For some earthquakes, casualties were the result of building damage due to shaking. HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) For other earthquakes, casualties were the result of inundation by tsunami generated earthquakes cannot be specified. I N D I A N by the earthquakes. Several earthquakes produced casualties from both building Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: O C E A N Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. Rupture Zones from Rich Briggs, "2007 damage and tsunami inundation. In a few cases, fatalities resulted from fright at the Sumatra, Indonesia, Earthquakes, " EERI 10° 10° DISCLAIMER occurrence of relatively minor shaking. The magnitude 7.5 earthquake of August 8, McCaffrey,Robert, 2009; The tectonic framework of the Sumatran Newsletter, Oct 2007, V 41, N 10. 2007, with an epicenter close to Jakarta and a focal depth of 290 km, did not subduction zone: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Base map data, such as place names and political produce fatalities, but it is labeled because it was widely felt. V. 37, P. 345-366. 95° 100° 105° boundaries, are the best available but may not be Scale 1:10,000,000 current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World 0 250 500 Kilometers should not be regarded as having official significance. NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models