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Curriculum Vitae 04/04/2021
Curriculum Vitae 04/04/2021 PETER CARRUTHERS [email protected] http://faculty.philosophy.umd.edu/pcarruthers/ 7400 Glenside Drive Department of Philosophy Takoma Park University of Maryland MD 20912-6923 College Park, MD 20742 Tel.: 301 270 5107 Tel.: 301 405 5705 EMPLOYMENT HISTORY 2001-present UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK. Professor (2001–2018), Department of Philosophy; Distinguished University Professor (2018–present). Chair of Department (June 2001–December 2008). Associate Member, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program (NACS) (2002–present). Member, Brain and Behavior Initiative (BBI) (2016–present). 1991-2001 UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD. Senior Lecturer (1991-2), Department of Philosophy; Professor (1992-2001). Head of Department (1993-8). Director, Hang Seng Centre for Cognitive Studies (1992-2000). 1985-91 UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX. Lecturer (tenured) (1985-9), Department of Philosophy; Senior Lecturer (1989-91). 1989-90 — UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR. Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy. 1981-85 QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST. Lecturer, Department of Philosophy (confirmed in post 1984). 1979-81 UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS. Temporary Lecturer, Department of Logic and Metaphysics. 1978-79 UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, LADY MARGARET HALL. Temporary Lecturer (part-time: 6 hours tutoring per week). EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS 1977-79 UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, BALLIOL COLLEGE. D.Phil. in Philosophy (1980). Thesis: “The place of the private language argument in the philosophy of language.” (Supervisor: Michael Dummett. Examiners: Elizabeth Anscombe, Christopher Peacocke.) 1971-77 UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS. M.Phil. in Philosophy (1977). Thesis: “Blame: an analysis.” (Supervisor: Jennifer Jackson.) Papers: Wittgenstein, Philosophical Logic, Political Philosophy. B.A. (Honors) in Philosophy (1975). 1st Class. “Congratulatory 1st.” Carruthers CV 2 HONORS AND AWARDS 2020: Graduate Faculty Mentor of the Year Award (one of 10 awards made annually among faculty at the University of Maryland). -
A Cognitive Theory of Pretense
A revised and abbreviated version of this paper is forthcoming in Cognition. Archived at Website for the Rutgers University Research Group on Evolution and Higher Cognition. A Cognitive Theory of Pretense Shaun Nichols Department of Philosophy College of Charleston Charleston, SC 29424 [email protected] and Stephen Stich Department of Philosophy and Center for Cognitive Science Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08901 [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 2. Some Examples of Pretense 3. Some Features of Pretense 4. A Theory about the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Pretense 5. A Comparison with Other Theories 6. Conclusion Abstract Recent accounts of pretense have been underdescribed in a number of ways. In this paper, we present a much more explicit cognitive account of pretense. We begin by presenting a number of real examples of pretense in children and adults. These examples bring out several features of pretense that any adequate theory of pretense must accommodate, and we use these features to develop our theory of pretense. On our theory, pretense representations are contained in a separate workspace, a Possible World Box which is part of the basic architecture of the human mind. The representations in the Possible World Box can have the same content as beliefs. Indeed, we suggest that pretense representations are in the same representational "code" as beliefs and that the representations in the Possible World Box are processed by the same inference and UpDating mechanisms that operate over real beliefs. Our model also posits a Script Elaborator which is implicated in the embellishment that occurs in pretense. Finally, we claim that the behavior that is seen in pretend play is motivated not from a "pretend desire", but from a real desire to act in a way that fits the description being constructed in the Possible World Box. -
CVII: 2 (February 2000), Pp
TAMAR SZABÓ GENDLER July 2014 Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences · Yale University · P.O. Box 208365 · New Haven, CT 06520-8365 E-mail: [email protected] · Office telephone: 203.432.4444 ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT 2006- Yale University Academic Vincent J. Scully Professor of Philosophy (F2012-present) Professor of Philosophy (F2006-F2012); Professor of Psychology (F2009-present); Professor of Humanities (S2007-present); Professor of Cognitive Science (F2006-present) Administrative Dean, Faculty of Arts and Sciences (Sum2014-present) Deputy Provost, Humanities and Initiatives (F2013-Sum2014) Chair, Department of Philosophy (Sum2010-Sum2013) Chair, Cognitive Science Program (F2006-Sum2010) 2003-2006 Cornell University Academic Associate Professor of Philosophy (with tenure) (F2003-S2006) Administrative Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Philosophy (F2004-S2006) Co-Director, Program in Cognitive Studies (F2004-S2006) 1997-2003 Syracuse University Academic Associate Professor of Philosophy (with tenure) (F2002-S2003) Assistant Professor of Philosophy (tenure-track) (F1999-S2002) Allen and Anita Sutton Distinguished Faculty Fellow (F1997-S1999) Administrative Director of Undergraduate Studies, Department of Philosophy (F2001-S2003) 1996-1997 Yale University Academic Lecturer (F1996-S1997) EDUCATION 1990-1996 Harvard University. PhD (Philosophy), August 1996. Dissertation title: ‘Imaginary Exceptions: On the Powers and Limits of Thought Experiment’ Advisors: Robert Nozick, Derek Parfit, Hilary Putnam 1989-1990 University of California -
Newsletter Template
Rutgers Philosophy Newsletter Spring 2009 Rutgers is once again ranked 2nd overall Philosophy Department in the US… Inside: Every two years, Blackwell Publishers releases its Philosophical The doctoral program Gourmet Report—a ranking of the fifty best Philosophy departments 4 continues to attract top in the English-speaking world, based on the reputation and graduate students. Meet the accomplishments of their faculty members. In the February 2009 current group and learn what edition, Rutgers was once again ranked 2nd overall in the United rd recent PhDs have done. States (after NYU) and 3 overall in the world (after NYU and Oxford). In the specialty rankings, Rutgers was voted the top department internationally for Philosophy of Language and The New York Times highlights Cognitive Science, and tied for #1 in Epistemology and Mind. 6 Rutgers’ undergraduate Rutgers was among the top four departments for Metaphysics. And Philosophy program. Rutgers was within the top ten for Philosophy of Science, Applied Ethics, Decision Theory and Early Modern Philosophy. The surveys reflect the outstanding strength our department has in core areas. A Letter from the Chair 8 See more of the rankings at www.philosophicalgourmet.com. Catching up with the Faculty: New Research by Rutgers Professors; Conferences, Talks and Upcoming Projects This past year has brought some selection. In April, Larry Temkin changes to the Rutgers faculty. hosted a two-day conference While Barry Loewer continued on human rights in honor of as Chair, Jeff King took over as James Griffin. On May 13th- Graduate Vice-Chair and 14thRutgers will be hosting its first Martin Lin as Undergraduate Foundations of Statistical Vice-Chair. -
Experimental Philosophy Jordan Kiper, Stephen Stich, H. Clark Barrett
Experimental Philosophy Jordan Kiper, Stephen Stich, H. Clark Barrett, & Edouard Machery Kiper, J., Stich, S., Barrett, H.C., & Machery, E. (in press). Experimental philosophy. In D. Ludwig, I. Koskinen, Z. Mncube, L. Poliseli, & L. Reyes-Garcia (Eds.), Global Epistemologies and Philosophies of Science. New York, NY: Routledge. Acknowledgments: This publication was made possible through the support of a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the John Templeton Foundation. Abstract Philosophers have argued that some philosophical concepts are universal, but it is increasingly clear that the question of philosophical universals is far from settled, and that far more cross- cultural research is necessary. In this chapter, we illustrate the relevance of investigating philosophical concepts and describe results from recent cross-cultural studies in experimental philosophy. We focus on the concept of knowledge and outline an ongoing project, the Geography of Philosophy Project, which empirically investigates the concepts of knowledge, understanding, and wisdom across cultures, languages, religions, and socioeconomic groups. We outline questions for future research on philosophical concepts across cultures, with an aim towards resolving questions about universals and variation in philosophical concepts. 1 Introduction For centuries, thinkers have urged that fundamental philosophical concepts, such as the concepts of knowledge or right and wrong, are universal or at least shared by all rational people (e.g., Plato 1892/375 BCE; Kant, 1998/1781; Foot, 2003). Yet many social scientists, in particular cultural anthropologists (e.g., Boas, 1940), but also continental philosophers such as Foucault (1969) have remained skeptical of these claims. -
Will There Be a Neurolaw Revolution?
Will There Be a Neurolaw Revolution? ∗ ADAM J. KOLBER The central debate in the field of neurolaw has focused on two claims. Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen argue that we do not have free will and that advances in neuroscience will eventually lead us to stop blaming people for their actions. Stephen Morse, by contrast, argues that we have free will and that the kind of advances Greene and Cohen envision will not and should not affect the law. I argue that neither side has persuasively made the case for or against a revolution in the way the law treats responsibility. There will, however, be a neurolaw revolution of a different sort. It will not necessarily arise from radical changes in our beliefs about criminal responsibility but from a wave of new brain technologies that will change society and the law in many ways, three of which I describe here: First, as new methods of brain imaging improve our ability to measure distress, the law will ease limitations on recoveries for emotional injuries. Second, as neuroimaging gives us better methods of inferring people’s thoughts, we will have more laws to protect thought privacy but less actual thought privacy. Finally, improvements in artificial intelligence will systematically change how law is written and interpreted. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 808 I. A WEAK CASE FOR A RESPONSIBILITY REVOLUTION.......................................... 809 A. THE FREE WILL IMPASSE ......................................................................... 809 B. GREENE AND COHEN’S NORMATIVE CLAIM ............................................. 810 C. GREENE AND COHEN’S PREDICTION ........................................................ 811 D. WHERE THEIR PREDICTION NEEDS STRENGTHENING .............................. 813 II. A WEAK CASE THAT LAW IS INSULATED FROM REVOLUTION .......................... -
1 Joshua Knobe Yale University Take a Few Courses in Cognitive Science
FREE WILL AND THE SCIENTIFIC VISION1 Joshua Knobe Yale University [Forthcoming in Edouard Machery and Elizabeth O’Neill (eds.), Current Controversies in Experimental Philosophy. RoutledGe.] Take a few courses in cognitive science, and you are likely to come across a certain kind of metaphor for the workinGs of the human mind. The metaphor Goes like this: Consider a piece of computer software. The software consists of a collection of states and processes. We can predict what the software will do by lookinG at the complex ways in which these states and processes interact. The human mind works in more or less the same way. It too is just a complex collection of states and processes, and we can predict what a human being will do by thinking about the complex ways in which these states and processes interact. One can imaGine someone sayinG: ‘I see all these states and processes, but aren’t you forgetting somethinG further – namely, the person herself?’ This question, however, is a foolish one. It is no more helpful than it would be to say: ‘I see all these states and processes, but where is the software itself?’ The software just is a collection of states and processes, and the human mind is the same sort of thinG. This metaphor does a Good job of capturinG the basic approach one finds throuGhout the sciences of the mind. We miGht say that it captures the scientific vision of how the human mind works. But one could also imaGine another, very different metaphor for the workinGs of the mind. -
Nietzsche's Naturalism As a Critique of Morality and Freedom
NIETZSCHE’S NATURALISM AS A CRITIQUE OF MORALITY AND FREEDOM A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Nathan W. Radcliffe December, 2012 Thesis written by Nathan W. Radcliffe B.S., University of Akron, 1998 M.A., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by Gene Pendleton____________________________________, Advisor David Odell‐Scott___________________________________, Chair, Department of Philosophy Raymond Craig_____________________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTERS I. NIETZSCHE’S NATURALISM AND ITS INFLUENCES....................................................... 8 1.1 Nietzsche’s Speculative‐Methodological Naturalism............................................ 8 1.2 Nietzsche’s Opposition to Materialism ............................................................... 15 1.3 The German Materialist Influence on Nietzsche................................................. 19 1.4 The Influence of Lange on Nietzsche .................................................................. 22 1.5 Nietzsche’s Break with Kant and Its Aftermath................................................... 25 1.6 Influences on Nietzsche’s Fatalism (Schopenhauer and Spinoza) -
The Virtues of Ethnicity: Is Race Necessary in Medicine
The Virtues of Ethnicity: Is Race Necessary in Medicine Jodell Ulerie Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Philosophy D. Wodak K. Kovaka S. Hirji 4-30-2019 Blacksburg. VA Keywords: Race, Metaphysics, Realism, Error Theory, Eliminativism The Virtues of Ethnicity: Is Race Necessary in Medicine Jodell Ulerie ABSTRACT Error theorists about race face a challenge from the occurrence of diseases and other health ailments that, appear, to be tracked by groups that are carved out by racial terms. If race does indeed allow us to make useful medical distinctions, then it would seem foolish or even a form of medical injustice to deny its reality. This paper provides a response to the stated challenge. First, by primarily using the work of Anthony Appiah, I will describe the error theorist position and its arguments for the non-reality of race. From here, I demonstrate the extent to which medical professionals grant the race is a scientifically arbitrary term and give arguments for accepting race as an alternative that may even be more medically useful. Finally, I advance an eliminativist argument to further motivate the notion that race, if it is truly not necessary, should be eliminated from use. The Virtues of Ethnicity: Is Race Necessary in Medicine Jodell Ulerie GENERAL AUDIENCEABSTRACT Error theorists about race face a challenge from the occurrence of diseases and other health ailments that, appear, to be tracked by groups that are carved out by racial terms. -
JMP Article FINAL
Value in Very Long Lives Preston Greene Journal of Moral Philosophy 14 (4):416-434 (2017) https://brill.com/view/journals/jmp/14/4/article-p416_416.xml Epigraph We shall not cease from exploration, and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time. (T. S. Eliot, Little Gidding) Abstract As things currently stand, our deaths are unavoidable and our lifespans short. It might be thought that these qualities leave room for improvement. According to a prominent line of argument in philosophy, however, this thought is mistaken. Against the idea that a longer life would be better, it is claimed that negative psychological states, such as boredom, would be unavoidable if our lives were significantly longer. Against the idea that a deathless life would be better, it is claimed that such a life would be lacking important sources of value, because death is a precondition for many of our valuing attitudes. I argue that these problems are avoided by very long (and potentially infinite) lives that incorporate fading memory, limited ignorance of future events, and temporal scarcity. I conclude that very long lives are, in principle, desirable, and that death does not play an essential role in our valuing attitudes. Keywords bioethics - eternal life - life extension - meaning of life - value theory (1) Introduction If we are lucky, we live for about a hundred years. Our lives progress through stages: infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. We forget many things, and may be completely ignorant of the details of the early stages of our lives. -
Book Reviews
Journal of cognition and culture �4 (�0�4) �49–�55 brill.com/jocc Book Reviews Joshua Alexander Experimental Philosophy: An Introduction. Polity Press: Cambridge, MA, 2012. US$22.95 Experimental Philosophy: An Introduction is somewhat narrower in scope than Experimental Philosophy by Joshua Knobe and Shaun Nichols (2008, Oxford University Press, Oxford) and broader than Experiments in Ethics by Kwame Anthony Appiah (2008, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA). The brevity, concise writing style, and focus will make Experimental Philosophy: An Introduction a useful background text for undergraduate teaching and the best introduction to this exciting field for some time to come. Because the field of experimental philosophy is new, customary readers of Journal of Cognition and Culture may not be aware of the purview of such a book. First, Alexander’s book requires background knowledge in analytic phi- losophy; the audience is exclusively analytic philosophy students and profes- sionals. This allows the book its tight focus but gives the impression that, just like in mainstream analytic philosophy, philosophers are still talking amongst themselves. For example, we don’t have an account of the treatment of the cognitive psychology of reasoning and other cognate disciplines in this book. This, and larger discussion of the work of Jesse Prinz, Shaun Nichols and Shaun Gallagher would have been most welcome. Second, Experimental Philosophy: An Introduction appears to dichotomize experimental philosophy and main- stream analytic philosophy in ways that oversimplify how philosophers work. It omits any consideration of the historical tradition of experimental philoso- phy that went under the name ‘natural philosophy’. Overall Experimental Philosophy does not aim to answer fundamental ques- tions about the relationship of philosophy to empirical research, but rather aims to provide helpful, clearly structured summaries of articles, with glosses on them, that have appeared in the recent experimental philosophical litera- ture. -
The True Self: a Psychological Concept Distinct from the Self
This paper may be cited as Strohminger N., Newman, G., and Knobe, J. (in press). The True Self: A psychological concept distinct from the self. Perspectives on Psychological Science. The True Self: A psychological concept distinct from the self Nina Strohminger Program in Cognitive Science and Department of Psychology Yale University Joshua Knobe George Newman Program in Cognitive Science and Department of Philosophy Yale School of Management Yale University Yale University A long tradition of psychological research has explored the distinction between char- acteristics that are part of the self and those that lie outside of it. Recently, a surge of research has begun examining a further distinction. Even among characteristics that are internal to the self, people pick out a subset as belonging to the true self. These factors are judged as making people who they really are, deep down. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the true self and identify features that distinguish people’s understanding of the true self from their understanding of the self more generally. In particular, we consider recent findings that the true self is perceived as positive and moral, and that this tendency is actor-observer invariant and cross-culturally stable. We then explore possible explanations for these findings and discuss their implica- tions for a variety of issues in psychology. Keywords: self; true self; personal identity; moral self If you open The Handbook of Social Psychology and flip (p. 21) to the index, you’ll find that there are more than 60 sep- arate entries listed under self —and that’s not including This epidermis-centric view captures something of the sub-entries (S.