Chapter Ii Streamlined Eia Process

FOREWORD

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs or AMDALs) will be conducted for several proposed undertakings throughout NAD Province in the areas affected by the tsunami and earthquake disaster of December 2004. These EIAs are funded by the Multi Donor Fund (MDF) through UNDP Technical Assistance to the Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi (BRR) working with BAPEDAL (Environmental Impact Management Agency) Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province. The Government of Aceh Jaya District plan to improve the Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, the Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road, and the Calang – Teunom Road represents one cluster of proposed undertakings requiring an EIA based on the State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 308, 2005, and the State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 11, 2006. The State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 308, 2005 (PerMenLH 308/2005) - Implementation of EIA, Environmental Management Effort (UKL), and Environmental Monitoring Effort (UPL) for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities in NAD Province and Islands of Nias, North Sumatra Province was issued to enable more rapid and streamlined preparation and approval of project related environmental and social impact studies to assist in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Aceh/Nias following the tsunami/earthquake. The process is referred to as the Streamlined EIA (AMDAL) Process. The formation of a Streamlined AMDAL Technical Team is required to undertake the EIA project scoping activities and prepare the EIA Terms of Reference (ToR) for the proposed undertakings requiring EIA. The government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam through BAPEDAL NAD Province is responsible for the formation of the Streamlined EIA/AMDAL Technical Team and assists in the preparation of the EIA ToR documents.

The EIA consists the EIA ToR (KA-ANDAL), Environmental Impact Study (ANDAL), Environmental Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL). The current EIA ToR was prepared by the Streamlined AMDAL Technical Team as determined by the Head of BAPEDAL NAD Province with the issuance of the Work Order No.090/023/2009 dated 02 March 2009. This ToR is intended to guide the effective and efficient implementation of the AMDAL study for the proponent. Finally, we would like to thank all the parties that have helped and given support in the preparation of this ToR document.

Banda Aceh, April 2009 Streamlined EIA Technical Team

COMPOSITION OF THE STREAMLINED EIA TECHNICAL TEAM

Ir. Mukhlisuddin, M.Si (Chairperson - BAPEDAL NAD Province)

Ir. Agus Suroso, M.Sc (Secretary - Road Engineering Specialist -UNDP)

Drs. Soekarman Moesa, M.Sc (Ecological - Terrestrial and Aquatic Biology Specialist - UNDP)

Nina Basira, SE, M.Hum (Socio-cultural & Gender Specialist - UNDP)

Mukhsin Adly (Highways and Housing Office, NAD)

Iskandar, ST (Environmental Impact Management Office, Aceh Jaya District)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ...... i COMPOSITION OF THE STREAMLINED EIA TECHNICAL TEAM ...... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... iii ATTACHMENTS ...... v ACRONYMS ...... vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Objective and Benefit ...... 1 1.2.1 Objectives and Benefits of Proposed Undertakings ...... 1 1.2.2 Objective and Benefit of KA-ANDAL ...... 1 1.3 Chronology of Scoping Process ...... 2 1.4 Composition of the Streamlined EIA Technical Team ...... 3 CHAPTER II STREAMLINED EIA PROCESS ...... 4 2.1 Stages of Streamlined EIA Process ...... 4 2.2 Cluster Approach ...... 5 2.3 Proposed Undertaking ...... 8 2.3.1 Proposed Improvement of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road ...... 8 2.3.2 Proposed Improvement Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road ...... 9 2.3.3 Proposed Improvement of Calang – Teunom Road ...... 9 2.4 Description of the Environment ...... 11 2.4.1 Physical Environment ...... 11 2.4.2 Biological Environment ...... 13 2.4.3 Social Environment ...... 13 2.4.4 Community Health ...... 13 2.4.5 Activities in Surrounding Area ...... 14 2.4.6 Physical Condition of the Roads ...... 14 2.5 Study Area Boundary ...... 14 CHAPTER III MAIN ISSUES ...... 16 3.1 Physical Environment Issues ...... 16 3.1.1 Climate ...... 16 3.1.2 Land and Soil ...... 16 3.1.3 Air Quality ...... 16 3.1.4 Water Quality and Drainage System ...... 17 3.2 Biological Environment Issues ...... 17 3.3 Socio-economic & Cultural Issues ...... 17 3.3.1 Population Increase ...... 18 3.3.2 Land Acquisition ...... 18 3.3.3 Employment Opportunity ...... 18 3.3.4 Cultural Change ...... 18 3.4 Community Health and Safety Issues ...... 19 3.5 Transportation Issues - Volume and Traffic Accidents ...... 19 3.6 Spatial Plans and Land Use Issues ...... 19 3.7 Community and Stakeholders Consultations ...... 19 3.8 Consideration of Alternatives ...... 19 3.9 Review of the Activities ...... 20 iii

3.10 Methodology ...... 20 3.10.1 Data Collection and Analysis ...... 20 3.10.2 Effects Evaluation and Mitigation Measures ...... 21 3.11 Reporting and Schedule ...... 22 CHAPTER IV REQUIRED AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION ...... 265 REFERENCES ...... 26

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 1 Location Photographs ...... 28 Attachment 2 Study Area Maps ...... 34 Attachment 3 Impact Identification Matrix ...... 37

ACRONYMS

AC-base Asphalt Concrete-base

AC-BC Asphalt Concrete Base Course

AC-WC Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course

ADB Asian Development Bank

AMDAL Environmental Impact Assessment (Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan)

AMP Asphalt Mixing Plant

ANDAL Environmental Impact Analysis (Analisis Dampak Lingkungan)/ Environmental Assessment Study

Bakosurtanal The National Coordinating Agency for Surveys & Mapping (Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional)

BAPEDAL Environmental Impact Management Agency (Badan Pengendali Dampak Lingkungan)

BMCK The Ministry of Public Works - Directorate General of Housing, Building, Planning and Urban Development (Bina Marga Cipta Karya)

BRR Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi

DED Detail Engineering Design

EA Environmental Assessment

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

GPS Global Positioning System

IFC International Finance Corporation

KA-ANDAL Environmental Assessment Terms of Reference (Kerangka Acuan – Analisis Dampak Lingkungan)

Kep.Ka Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL (Keputusan Kepala BAPEDAL) BAPEDAL

KLH The Ministry of Environment (Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup)

MCK Public bathing, washing and toilet facilities (Mandi Cuci Kakus)

MDF Multi Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias

NAD Naggroe Aceh Darussalam

PerMenLH State Ministry of the Environment Regulation (Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup)

PM Particulate Matter

POLINDES Village Policlinics (Poliklinik Desa)

PRA Participatory Rural Assessment

RKL Environmental Management Plan (Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan)

RPL Environmental Monitoring Plan (Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan)

ROW Right-of–Way

RRA Rapid Rural Assessment

RUMAJA Road Usage Space (Ruang Manfaat Jalan)

RUMIJA Right of Way – ROW (Ruang Milik Jalan)

SDN Elementary School (Sekolah Dasar Negeri)

SMPN Junior High School (Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri)

SPOT Satellite Pour I’Obsevation de la Terre

ToR Terms of Reference

UKL Environmental Management Plan (Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan)

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UPL Environmental Monitoring Plan (Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan)

UTM Universal Transverse Mercator

WGS World Geodetic System

vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Transportation facilities are very important to support the acceleration of the rehabilitation and reconstruction in NAD Province after the earthquake and tsunami disasters of December 2004. Highway infrastructure is the most commonly used transportation system in NAD province. Rehabilitation and development of road facilities and its infrastructures would open-up and improve access to isolated or difficult to reach areas. Better access facilitates the movement of goods, people and services that would support regional economic development. With its coastline along the Indian Ocean, Aceh Jaya District is among the areas that experienced severe infrastructure damage due to the earthquake and tsunami. The damages occurred to cultivated area of various agricultural commodities and spread as far as the Teunom – Calang Road, Teunom Sub- district, ± 40 km from Calang, the district capital. The road closure from the ensuing damage limited access of agricultural products to market and suppliers to the area which has resulted in reduced agricultural production in the local area. Through rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts in various sectors, BRR has restored and improved the community’s agriculture and fishery economies. Road improvements along the Calang – Teunom National Road in Teunom Sub-district, Aceh Jaya would assist in developing the regional tourism potential along the west coast Sumatera area. In addition, this road also connects Lhok Guci to Padang Kleng and Panton Krueng to Calang through Kuta Tuha. The road improvements would enable expedient transportation of agricultural products to market, e.g. rice, dry season crops (palawija), fruits, vegetables, and plantation crops like rubber, palm oil, and coconut. Such road improvements are vital to Aceh Jaya District as it is one of the main agricultural zones in NAD Province. Given this importance, the Government of Aceh Jaya District plans to commit resources to support the economic recovery through the improvement of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road (14 km) in Panga Sub-district, Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road (12 km) in Teunom Sub-district, and Calang-Teunom NationalRoad (40 km), Aceh Jaya District. The Housing and Regional Infrastructure Office of Aceh Jaya District prepared the Detail Engineering Design (DED) for the segments of district roads proposed for improvement, including the widening and improvement of the national road. These undertakings currently require an EIA as part of the planning and development process. The EIA is funded by Multi-Donor Fund (MDF) through the United Nations Development Program Technical Assistance to BRR.

1.2 Objective and Benefit

1.2.1 Objectives and Benefits of Proposed Undertakings The infrastructure improvements to Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road (14 km), Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road (12 km), and Calang – Teunom Road (40 km) are intended to ameliorate transportation bottlenecks and increase the flow of people, goods and services to stimulate economic development and recovery in Teunom Sub-district and its surrounding area. Smooth and efficient transportation, particularly access to Calang, the capital of Aceh Jaya District would be beneficial for community activities, including economic undertakings in Teunom Sub-district and surrounding area. In addition, travelers from Banda Aceh to Meulaboh would experience less travel time traversing smooth undamaged road along the Calang – Teunom corridor. Both Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci and Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng District Roads are vital to transport agricultural products and trade commodities from Lhok Guci, Panton Krueng and surrounding area, which would support development and stimulate economic growth in the Aceh Jaya District, especially the community in Teunom Sub-district.

1.2.2 Objective and Benefit of KA-ANDAL

The road improvement projects of Cluster III are subject to an environmental assessment as required by the following Government of Indonesia legislations:

a) State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 11/2006 (PerMenLH 11/2006) regarding Planned Activities or Undertakings Requiring Mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment; and the b) State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 308, 2005 (PerMenLH 308/2005) - Implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Management Effort (UKL), and Environmental Monitoring Effort (UPL) for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities in NAD Province and Islands of Nias, North Sumatra Province

There are four key phases of the EIA process:

1. EIA Terms of Reference Preparation 2. EIA Terms of Reference Review and Approval 3. EIA Study Preparation 4. EIA Study Review and Approval

The EIA ToR (KA-ANDAL) establishes the framework for the preparation and review of the EIA. It outlines how the EIA will be conducted and helps ensure that the public, government agencies and other relevant stakeholders know what will be considered. The KA-ANDAL is to be used as a) the main reference in preparing the environmental assessment study, the Environmental Management Plan, and the Environmental Monitoring Plan (ANDAL, RKL, and RPL, respectively); and b) to be used as a reference for evaluating the preparation of the ANDAL-RKL-RPL

1 documents by the AMDAL Evaluation Commission. The Terms of Reference is subject to approval by the BAPEDAL NAD.

The benefits of the EIA ToR can be viewed from the perspective of the proponent, the government and the public.

The benefits of the EIA ToR for the proponent are to identify the potential benefits and risks to the environment caused by the proposed undertaking, and to be used as a reference to evaluate the preparation of the ANDAL-RKL-RPL to ensure all the documents are prepared in line with the expectations.

The benefits of the EIA ToR for the government are to familiarize decision- makers about the proposed undertaking and the preparation of the ANDAL-RKL- RPL, and its use a reference framework for evaluating of the ANDAL-RKL-RPL documents by the AMDAL Evaluation Commission. The benefit of the EIA ToR for the public is to serve as a source of information on environmental aspects affected by the potential benefits or risks arising from the proposed undertaking.

This EIA will be carried out in accordance with international standards in approaches and methodologies as set by the World Bank/Asian Development Bank (ADB)/International Finance Corporation (IFC). The EIA will focus on the road improvements in the Aceh Jaya District. It will consider design alternatives, measures to avoid and minimize effects and identify advantages, disadvantages, and net effects of these projects.

1.3 Chronology of Scoping Process

According to the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 308, 2005 and Ministry of Environment Regulation No.11, 2006, the proposed road improvements of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road, and Calang – Teunom Road require an EIA study, due to the possibility of significant and important impacts it may cause. The AMDAL study of the proposed undertaking uses a streamlined approach as guided by the State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No.308, 2005.

The preparation of the EIA ToR was undertaken by a Streamlined EIA Technical Team (henceforth referred to as the Technical Team) through a series of scoping activities. These activities commenced with a discussion on the proposed undertaking with the proponent on 05 March 2009, identification and prediction of theoretical impacts, site visits and observations on 16, 17 and 18 March 2009, analysis and main issues formulation to the Terms of Reference compilation. The notification of proposed Cluster III road improvements was published in the regional newspaper “Serambi Indonesia” on 25 March 2009. Despite its late publication, the site visits revealed that most community members were already aware of the planned activities and expected its eventual realization.

1.4 Composition of the Streamlined EIA Technical Team

The Head of BAPEDAL of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province as Chairperson of the AMDAL Commission is responsible for the formation of the Technical Team with the issuance of Work Order No. 090/021/2009 dated 02 March 2009. The Technical Team undertook the project scoping activities and prepared the ToR for the Cluster III road improvements of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road and Calang – Teunom Road using a cluster approach. The Technical Team comprised the following individuals: Chairperson : Ir. Mukhlisuddin (BAPEDAL, NAD Province) Secretary : Ir. Agus Suroso, MSc (Road Engineering Specialist - UNDP) Member : Nina Basira, SE, M.Hum (Socio-cultural & Gender Specialist - UNDP) Member : Drs. Soekarman Moesa, MSc (Ecological - Terrestrial and Aquatic Biology Specialist - UNDP) Member : Mukhsin Adli (Highways and Housing Office, NAD Province) Member : Iskandar,ST (Environmental Impact Management Office, Aceh Jaya District)

CHAPTER II STREAMLINED EIA PROCESS

2.1 Stages of the Streamlined EIA Process

The Streamlined EIA Process for the proposed undertaking of Cluster III road improvements is shown Figure 2-1. This AMDAL process must be adhered to by all stakeholders.

Announcement of the proposed undertaking by the Proponent for input/feedback - 10 work days

Preliminary scoping report from technical team to the EIA Comission

An order given to proponent to Request on additional information consult community and related from proponent when necessary parties

Compilation of EIA ToR (KA ANDAL) by the Technical Team based on results of the field survey and community consultation

EIA ToR (KA ANDAL) review by the Current Position AMDAL Commission & Proponent

Compilation of ANDAL, RKL and RPL documents by the Proponent/Consultants

ANDAL, RKL and RPL evaluation by the AMDAL Commission

Figure 2-1 Stages of the Streamlined AMDAL implementation for the proposed undertaking of Cluster III road improvements in Aceh Jaya District.

2.2 Cluster Approach The environmental impact studies, to be completed under the State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 308, 2005 (PerMenLH 308/2005), utilize a cluster approach for time and cost efficiencies in conducting the Streamlined AMDAL Process. The Cluster Approach groups one or more proposed undertakings into one unit based on the similarities of activity, ecosystem type, socio-economic and socio-culture characteristics, and land use. EIAs for the proposed developments throughout Aceh NAD were grouped into four clusters (see Figure 2-2). Cluster III represents the proposed road improvements of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road, and Calang – Teunom Road in Aceh District (see Figure 2-3). The Cluster III characteristics of the individual proposed projects are presented in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Characteristics of the proposed road improvements

Type of Type of Socio-economic Location Proposed Culture Land Use Ecosystem Activities Activity

Aceh Jaya Kuta Tuha – Coastal low- Agriculture (livestock) Acehnese Agricultural area District Panton land area with (areca nut – Krueng road elevation 2 -12 pinang, coconut, improvement m above sea mix plantation) level forest areas, human settlement areas Padang Kleng Coastal low- Agriculture (livestock) Acehnese Agricultural area – Lhok Guci land area with (areca nut - road elevation 2 - 6 pinang mix improvement m above sea plantation), forest level areas, human settlement areas Teunom – Coastal low- Agriculture (livestock) Acehnese Agricultural area Calang road land area with and fisheries sectors (areca nut – improvement elevation 2 -4 pinang, coconut, m above sea mix plantation) level and bush; human settlement areas

Based on the similarities of the criteria noted in Table 2-1, the proposed road improvements in Aceh Jaya would likely have similar potential environmental effects and associated mitigation measures. As such, the proposed developments are grouped into one cluster, i.e. Cluster III for conducting the environmental impact study. Although the identified potential effects may be similar, it is recognized that nuances in the environmental context may give rise to specific mitigation measures and approaches unique to the project location and activity. To accommodate for this, separate Environmental Management Plans (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring Plans (RPL) are to be prepared for each individual project activity as part of the document package for the Streamlined AMDAL Process. Only one Environmental Assessment Study report (ANDAL) will be prepared for the cluster.

Figure 2-2 Streamlined EIA project clusters in Aceh NAD

Figure 2-3 Cluster III proposed road improvements Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road, and Calang – Teunom Road, Aceh Jaya District.

The Streamlined AMDAL document package includes; i) Cluster EIA ToR; ii) Cluster Environmental Study report; iii) Individual Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL) (for each project activity); and iv) Cluster EIA Executive Summary

The EA study will comply with requirements set out in the State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 308, 2005 (PerMenLH 308/2005). The consultant on behalf of the proponent will submit the EIA documents for review and approval to the AMDAL Review Commission formed under the authority of BAPEDAL Aceh. The EIA will be prepared in accordance to the State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 08/2006 (PerMenLH 08/2006).

2.3 Proposed Undertaking

The Cluster III proposed road improvements of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng, Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci, and Calang – Teunom, Aceh Jaya District are described below.

2.3.1 Proposed Improvement of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road The Kuta Tuha–Panton Krueng District Road, located in Panga Sub-district, Aceh Jaya is classified as a District Road at ± 14 km. The DED of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road was prepared by the Housing and Regional Infrastructure Office, Aceh Jaya District in 2008 Fiscal Year for 3 km of road (Sta.0+000 until Sta. 3+000) with the following specifications: - Pavement width of 3 m (1 lane 2 ways without median) - Right/left shoulders of 2 x 1.5 m = 3 m, paved using aggregate A=15 cm and Aggregate B = 20 cm - Right/left side ditch of 2 x 1 m = 2 m Based on the road’s cross section plan, the Road Usage Space (RUMAJA) required is 8 m (3 m + 3 m + 2 m) along with a Right of Way (RUMIJA/ROW) at a minimum ± 10 m. This cross section plan will be applied along the 14 km road. The road pavement formation will be composed from aggregate base class B of 20 cm, aggregate base class A of 15 cm, AC-BC asphalting of 5 cm and AC-WC of 4 cm. The lands passed by the road include settlement areas, agricultural seasonal crops area, plantation area and wetlands. The topography along the ROW is relatively flat, and the improvements will be conducted on top of the existing road as improvement in pavement structure and overlaying (hotmix). Consequently, little excavation and ‘cut and fill’ work is necessary. The location of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road is shown in Figure 2-4. Location photographs are also depicted in Attachment 1.

Figure 2-4 Location map of the Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road Improvement Plan

2.3.2 Proposed Improvement Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road Proposed improvement Padang Kleng–Lhok Guci Road is classified as a District Road at ± 12 km in length, located in the Teunom Sub-district, Aceh Jaya. The road specifications include a 4 m existing road pavement, 1 m shoulders, 1.5 – 2 m side ditches, and an 8 – 10 m ROW. The DED of Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road was prepared by the Housing and Regional Infrastructure Office, Aceh Jaya, in Fiscal Year 2009 for 6.718 km (Sta.0+000 until Sta. 6+718), from Padang Kleng to Pasie Teubee, as follow: - Pavement width of 5 m (2 lanes 2 ways without median) - Right/left shoulders of 2 x 1.5 m = 3 m, paved using aggregate A = 15 cm and Aggregate B = 20 cm - Right/left side ditch of 2 x 0.8 m = 1.6 m Based on the road’s cross section plan, the RUMAJA required is 9.6 m (5 + 3 + 1.6) and minimum ± 12 m is needed for the ROW. This cross section plan will be applied along the 12 km road. The road pavement formation will be composed from aggregate base class B of 20 cm, aggregate base class A of 15 cm, and AC-BC asphalting of 5 cm. The lands passed by the road consist of settlements, cultivation area, plantation area and wetlands. The topography along the ROW is relatively flat, and the improvements will be conducted on top of the existing road as improvement in pavement structure and overlaying (hotmix). Consequently, little excavation and ‘cut and fill’ work is necessary. The location of Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road is shown in Figure 2-5. Location photographs are also depicted in Attachment 1.

2.3.3 Proposed Improvement of Calang – Teunom Road Proposed improvement Calang – Teunom Road is classified as a National Road at ± 40 km in length, located in the Aceh Jaya District. The existing road specifications include 4 – 5 m pavement, 1.5 m shoulders with irregular side ditches which do not function properly, and a 10 – 12 m ROW. The road improvement plan includes: - Pavement width of 6 m (2 lanes 2 ways without median). - Right/left shoulders of 2 x 2 m = 3m, paved using aggregate B = 15 cm. - Right/left side ditch of 2 x 1 m = 2 m Based on the road’s cross section plan, the RUMAJA required is 12 m (6 + 4 + 2) and a minimum ± 14 m is needed for the ROW. The lands passed by the road consist of settlements, plantation area and wetlands. The topography along the ROW is relatively flat, and the improvements will be conducted on top of the existing road as improvement in pavement

Figure 2-5 Location map of the Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road Improvement Plan

10 structure and overlaying (hotmix). Consequently, little excavation and ‘cut and fill’ work is necessary.

The three proposed road improvements in Cluster III will involve the following activities: - Project equipment and workers mobilization (including recruitment of local workers); - Establishment and operation of Base Camp, Crushing Plant, AMP, Workshop and Barrack construction and operation; - Transportation of materials (sand and rocks/gravel) from Quarry; - Land clearing/land preparation on the road widening and side ditches; - Land works including excavation and land filling at the location of road widening; - Preparation of the body of road including road widening inside and outside of ROW; - Road pavement works including asphalting ( hotmix ); - Boulders fixing to side ditches which will also secure road shoulders; - Bridge and cross drain works to prevent disturbance to the existing drainage system; and - Traffic signs and road markings installation. Main equipment for road developments are Stone Crusher Plant, Asphalt Mixing Plant, Bulldozer, Excavator, Wheel Loader, Motor Grader, Vibrating Roller, Asphalt Finisher, Pneumatic Tire Roller, Tandem Roller, Compactor Roller, Dump Truck, Genset, Water Pump, Water Tank Truck and other supporting tools. Main materials needed from quarry are sand, rock/gravel and water, while materials from factory to be transported to the project site are concrete-steel, cement, aggregate, asphalt and diesel fuel. The location of Calang – Teunom Road is shown in Figure 2-6. Location photographs are also depicted in Attachment 1.

2.4 Description of the Environment

2.4.1 Physical Environment

The generally flat topography (2 - 6 % slope) and hydrological environmental conditions of the area surrounding the proposed road improvements in Aceh Jaya District are relatively similar. As a National Road connecting regional city centres, the Calang – Teunom Road is a busier roadway with expected greater levels of air pollution and noise and vibration compared to the smaller, less busier District Roads of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng and Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci.

Figure 2-6 Location map of the Calang – Teunom Road Improvement Plan

Some parts of the roads are paved in asphalt, for instance in Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road and Calang – Teunom Road, while other parts are soil and/or gravel road, including Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road segment. The lands surrounding the proposed location of Cluster III are generally agricultural, with some economic activity in mixed plantation, paddy field and dry field crops. A small settlement area is located in the vicinity; however most of the land area is not fully utilized.

2.4.2 Biological Environment Cultivated and uncultivated land (Greenfield area) can be found around the proposed Cluster III road improvements. Greenfield areas comprise plants that are mostly bushes and/or shrubs, sugar palm (Arenga pinata), rattan, bitter bush (Eupatorium odoratum), and various types of grasses. Agricultural crops are found along the road in Cluster III, including banana (Musa paradisiaca), areca nut palm/betel nut palm (Areca catechu), coconut (Cocos nucifera), mango (Mangifera indica), durian (Durio zibethinus), rambutan (Nephelium lapaceum), kuini mango (Mangifera cumini), nutmeg (Myrista fragrans), rose apple (Syzigium aquaticum), and pickle fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi). Animals found along the proposed Cluster III road improvement areas are generally domesticated animals, such as chicken, duck, goat, and buffalo. Among the wild animals found in the location are javan myna (Acridotheres javanicus), turtledove, and white egret.

2.4.3 Social Environment In general, settlement areas of Cluster III are sparse, particularly along the Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci and Calang – Teunom road segments. Population density along the road segments is also closely related to the road condition as relatively good road has relatively denser population settlements. Most residents work in the agricultural and service sectors. Along Teunom – Calang Road, there are various business activities such as food stalls, mechanical workshops and small grocery outlets; while along Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road and Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, there is a mix of agricultural and service activities. A traditional market can be found on Padang Kleng –Lhok Guci Road.

2.4.4 Community Health Communities in the proposed locations of the Cluster III road improvements lack public sanitation or Bathing, Washing and Toilet facilities (Mandi Cuci Kakus/MCK). Groundwater from area wells is slightly turbid and used as potable water for domestic use. Housing structures do not appear to meet health requirements, and the environment is not sufficiently hygienic. Possible long-term risks to the community include infectious diseases of the respiratory and digestive tract and skin diseases.

2.4.5 Activities in Surrounding Area There are no apparent major economic activities in the vicinity of the proposed Cluster III road improvements. A forest lies around 3 km inland towards the end of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, as a result there is a potential wood-based industry resulting in deforestation and/or land clearing for plantation or dry field crops.

2.4.6 Physical Condition of the Roads The 40 km Teunom – Calang Road has a 4 – 5 m wide AC (Asphalt Concrete) pavement in average condition with some damage to the road surface (breaks and potholes) that would require overlay work, and left/right side ditches poorly maintained. The 12 km Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road is relatively more damaged (approximately 65% of the road), and has a 3 – 4 m wide macadam penetration pavement, with poorly maintained side ditches of 1.5 – 2 m wide. There are relatively dense settlements on the right and left sides of the road about 4 km from the intersection of Teunom – Calang Road, the rest of the road is sparsely to moderately populated settlements, agricultural area, mixed plantation and bushes/grass. The 12 km Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road surface condition ranges from slight to severely damage. A gravel road surface comprises most of the road, and recedes to a soil road surface at the end of Panton Krueng Road. There is forest about 3 km from the end of the road.

2.5 Study Area Boundaries

To determine sample points, the proponent, the Ministry of Public Works - Directorate General of Housing, Building, Planning and Urban Development, or an appointed representative must refer to study area boundaries, both in collecting primary and secondary data used in research, study and impact prediction. In addition to defining the study area boundaries, justification must also be given when determining sampling points located within the study area boundaries.

The preliminary study area boundaries for the Cluster III road improvements are shown in Attachment 2. In finalizing the study area for these developments the following must be considered:

1. Project Boundary

Project boundary is focused in the areas of the proposed road developments in Cluster III and supporting infrastructures and facilities. As such it will include the area within the proposed ROW for the Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road, Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road, and Calang – Teunom Road – 40 m.

2. Ecological Boundary

The ecological study area boundaries will encompass impact zones or zones of influence, and will be refined and finalized during the EIA with input from the public, government agencies, and other stakeholders to ensure that areas potentially affected by the road improvements are identified and studied. This is expected to occur early in the EIA and expected to be 500 m on either side of the ROW centerline.

3) Administrative Boundary Local administrative areas crossed by the proposed ROWs include the administrative region of Aceh Jaya District in the following sub-districts: a) Teunom Sub-district for the improvement and development of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road and Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci road; and b) Calang Sub-district, Krueng Sabee Sub-district and Teunom Sub-district for the Calang-Teunom road widening.

4) Social Boundary

Social boundaries focus on communities or settlement areas crossed by the proposed ROWs of the Cluster III road improvements. These communities would experience a benefit or loss associated with road developments. Such communities include those settlements and villages along the roads in the sub-districts of Teunom, Krueng Sabee, and Calang.

CHAPTER III MAIN ISSUES

A review of documentation on the proposed Cluster III road improvements and site visits to the proposed locations assisted in determining key issues related to the potential effects of the undertaking. The following main issues are related to the potential effects associated with the proposed Cluster III road improvements in Aceh Jaya District. The Ministry of Public Works - Directorate General of Housing, Building, Planning and Urban Development of NAD Province on behalf of the Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province as the proponent must fulfill the requirements stated by the Terms of Reference document and address the main issues identified. The environmental assessment (EA) study will address the following main issues.

3.1 Physical Environment Issues

3.1.1 Climate

The Cluster III road improvements are in the same climatic region. The EA study will provide climatic data for this region, as well as mean monthly and annual temperature, precipitation and wind data for representative meteorological stations in the study area.

3.1.2 Land and Soil

The excavation of land in widening the ROWs and operation and maintenance of the roadways would affect the existing landscape. The EA study will describe geological formations traversed by the roadways and the landscape changes directly or indirectly associated with the Cluster III road improvements. The EA will also examine the erosion potential and changes this may cause to area wetlands and cultivated land.

3.1.3 Air Quality

Poor air quality is most often the result of high levels of ground-level ozone (O3), the primary component of smog, and airborne particulate matter (PM). A change of air quality would occur during the construction and post-construction phases. The EA study will document ambient air quality statistics, and examine potential effects to the local population health (including but not limited to upper respiratory tract Infection and other air-borne ailments). Air quality measurements will be taken in the following locations: • Around residential areas; especially on the road segments of Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci and Calang – Teunom; • Around business activity areas, along the Teunom – Calang Road, where there are various community businesses; and 16

• Around traditional markets in Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci road.

Sound/noise is a component of the air environment. The major sources of noise in the rural environment are road traffic and agricultural activities. The EA will characterize baseline or background noise conditions, based on published information or noise surveys, as required.

3.1.4 Water Quality and Drainage System

Changes in surface water and groundwater qualities are likely to occur during construction and post-construction phases, happening in the vicinity of the undertakings, in the quarry, base camp, and workshop. The road drainage and excavation can lower the water table in the surrounding area, while embankments can raise the water table by restricting flow. The EA will examine the potential effects to surface water flow to area streams, wetlands and the water table, as well as the groundwater and surface water quality. The EA will map the watershed and collect water discharge and water quality data information from secondary sources or field sampling where required.

3.2 Biological Environment Issues – Flora and Fauna

The study area includes coastline area with agricultural lands. In the study area, the EA will describe and map vegetation communities and delineate plant species in all natural areas. Of particular interest is the identification and potential loss of rare/endangered or protected plant species in the wetland areas. Lands within the study area provide agricultural, wetland and riparian habitat for wildlife. In the study area, most wildlife species are habituated to varying degrees to human activities and are concentrated in specialized habitats. The EA will identify the mammal, breeding bird and herpetofauna species present in the study area based on published information and available databases, or field sampling as required. Any significant or specialized wildlife habitat will be mapped and described. This would include animal migration corridors, as well as feeding and resting areas, where practicable. Any significant fish habitat will be identified and described. All watercourse locations will be field inspected prior to construction to confirm presence/absence of fish habitat and fish species. Detailed assessments will also be conducted on those watercourses that will be crossed by the road developments.

3.3 Socio-economic & Cultural Issues

From cultural-social point of view, environmental issues in wetland areas must also be considered.

3.3.1 Population Increase The road improvements will increase the flow of goods and people in the local areas. A population increase in the study area is expected to occur during the construction and operation phases largely due to increased employment opportunities during these phases and increased access. The EA will provide a demographic profile and examine the potential effects of the road improvements on the study area population.

3.3.2 Land Acquisition Along the road segments, several properties will be affected by the road improvements. The EA will examine the effect of land acquisition. This will also include a determination if LARAP (Land Aquisition and Resettlement Action Plan) studies are needed and subsequent recommendation/guidelines for conducting the studies (IFC, 2002). Mitigation measures to minimize conflict arising from land acquisition or disruption in enjoyment of property during construction will also be examined. Land rights are a particular consideration in the wetland area, where communal land ownership is known as Hak Ulayat (traditional land rights). The rights allow a traditional community group to fully control the land. The controls are in the form of a) right to manage and collect forest produce within the community’s legal area; and b) right to hunt within the area or legal authority of the community. The EA will document the land rights and examine the effects of the undertaking

3.3.3 Employment Opportunity

The displacement of properties including businesses and the removal of land from agricultural production would likely affect the local economy. The EA will examine the economic effects of business property displacement/ disruption and the removal of land from agricultural use. Construction and post-construction activities would also provide an impetus for employment in the local area. The EA will profile the local economy and examine employment changes likely to occur during construction and operation of the road improvements.

3.3.4 Cultural Change There are positive and negative consequences in the development of roadways that allow the influence of cultures/customs from outside the local area. The EA will examine effects to local culture or customs including the unearthing of historical or cultural artifacts. Indigenous knowledge (or local wisdom) in utilizing natural resources must be considered in relation with mitigation measures or practices for this undertaking.

3.4 Community Health and Safety Issues

Changes in air quality associated with increased traffic volume may increase the risk of air-borne ailments (including but not limited to upper respiratory tract infections, skin/eye irritation), and increase the risk of personal safety for persons crossing or living near the roadways. The EA study will examine the potential effects of the undertaking on the local population health and safety.

3.5 Transportation Issues - Volume and Traffic Accidents

The transportation of construction materials during the construction phase is expected to cause an increase in traffic volume and congestion in the local areas. During operation the traffic is expected to increase. The EA will examine the changes in traffic volume and its effects at the pre-construction, construction and post-construction phases and propose measures to mitigate adverse effects. Data collection on traffic volume may use secondary or primary data. Secondary data for the last two years on traffic volume and traffic accident for roads in Cluster III may be utilized.

3.6 Spatial Plans and Land Use Issues

Land acquisition and the potential increase of community activities around the roadways would occur during the construction and post –construction phases. The EA will examine and predict changes in land use around the location of the Cluster III road improvements.

3.7 Community and Stakeholders Consultations

The EA will conduct extensive consultation and education about the undertaking with the district, sub-districts, and village communities at study location and the surrounding area. The EA will provide a description of the consultation about the undertaking and the results of the consultation as outlined in the ADB’s Technical Guidance document “Public Consultation and Disclosure”.

The EA efforts will liaise and coordinate with relevant stakeholders at the provincial and district agencies/offices regarding the proposed undertaking of Cluster III road improvements.

3.8 Consideration of Alternatives

The EA will describe and explain alternatives of the proposed road improvements in Cluster III and compare with other route alternatives and District Spatial Plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten or RTRWK). This discussion will also include a detailed description of the “Do Nothing” alternative and the consequences of not proceeding with this undertaking.

The alternative methods that will be considered in the EA relate to minimizing or avoiding adverse negative effects of the undertaking. The EA report will provide a

19 description and rationale for the alternative methods. The alternative methods to be considered are:

• reasonable refinements to the ROW route which involve diversions around and potential crossover points at locations of sensitive features; and • project design considerations, e.g. sound barriers, are issues typically raised by affected landowners, and may involve an assessment of potential mitigation measures or raise the need for a regulatory permit. Considerations will be assessed in cooperation with relevant agencies.

3.9 Review of the Activities

1. The EA will examine and describe the interconnectedness between the proposed undertaking with the district’s proposed development plan(s); 2. Examine the possibilities of derivative impacts from the above mentioned main issues and describe the interconnectedness of the issues in a flow chart of impacts. Mitigation measures will also be prepared to prevent/minimize the derivative impacts, including a management plan for alternatives. 3. The EA study must use standard scientific method in sampling, equipment usage, data collection, data analysis, prediction of significant impacts, or significant impacts evaluation.

4. The EA study report, environmental management plan and the environmental monitoring plan (ANDAL, RKL, and RPL documents, respectively) must be completed with maps of adequate scale. Such maps may include but are not limited to maps on: topography, land use, geology, location map, study boundary, sample location, and road design. 5. The ANDAL, RKL, RPL documents must be completed with maps from the National Coordinating Agency for Surveys & Mapping or Bakosurtanal as geo-reference basemap SCALE 1:50.000; include coordinates at: (Latitude- Longitude) Geographic Coordinate System (WGS 1984) and or Universal Transverse Mercator UTM Zone 46 N projection to be mentioned in the coordinate grids. At least the base map should contain administrative boundaries, road networks, section of rivers, settlements and contour lines, and thematic maps: topographic map, updated land usage map, geological map, road network map, study area boundary map, sample location map, road design drawing, Landsat digital map or SPOT image or their combination, etc will complete it. 6. Species/data inventories and data collections tools such as questionnaires must be attached in the EA document.

3.10 Methodology

3.10.1 Data Collection and Analysis

The EA will include an assessment of the qualitative and quantitative information upon which the EA report is prepared and assess any risks to 20

the quality and completeness of EA documentation. The purpose of the field studies is to confirm available information and fill any identified gaps in that information (i.e. needed to assess potential effects, identify and evaluate mitigation options and for the comparison of alternatives). The EIA consultant will propose and reference internationally recognized and used approaches and methodologies in accordance with standards set by the World Bank/ADB/IFC. The EA will also document any associated risks to project decisions including effects prediction and determination of mitigation measures. To reduce risks, the EA will rely on measures including (but not limited to):

• Evaluation of publicized data sources; • Aerial photo interpretation and/GIS mapping; • Roadside and field surveys (e.g. Rapid Rural Assessment (RRA) or Participatory Rural Assessment (PRA)1 ; • Use of qualified environmental scientists and specialists; • Review of historical monitoring data; • Stakeholders’ and communities’ input; and • Implementation of conservative mitigation strategies. For instance, if some uncertainty exists around the presence of an environmental, social and/or cultural feature, then a conservative mitigation measure will be developed that assumes the feature is present. An example of such measures is if, during field surveys, habitat for a particular species at risk is identified but not the species itself, mitigation measures will be developed that assumes that this species is present.

3.10.2 Effects Evaluation and Mitigation Measures

Attachment 3 identitifes preliminary environmental and technical considerations that will be applied in the evaluation of potential environmental effects. An array of methods such as adhoc, overlay, checklist, modified version of Leopold Matrix, and weighted-scaling technique, to name a few, are used for evaluating environmental effects. The effects evaluation method used by the consultant undertaking the EA study is not restricted to a particular method(s) in so far as it presents logical, reasonable and supported arguments for predicting effects and associated practicable mitigation measures. The Decree of the Head of BAPEDAL No. 56, 1994 (Kep.Ka. BAPEDAL 56/1994) and ADB (1997) may be used as a point of reference or guide for accepted approaches to effects evaluation. A triangulation of methods is recommended to evaluate the effects on the environment in a holistic manner to facilitate sound decision- making on the feasibility of the proposed undertaking.

1 ADB’s safeguard policies and guidelines for resettlement, indigenous peoples, and incorporation of social dimensions can be used for i) identifying and assessing stakeholders, ii) assessing and evaluating the social impacts, and iii) developing and implementing appropriate resettlement and indigenous peoples plans where necessary).

Mitigation measures will be developed to minimize negative effects due to construction and operation of the project with due consideration of cost, safety, feasibility and technical standards. The EA will recommend pre- and post-operational monitoring programs designed to verify effects prediction, the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the need for any remedial measures, should they be necessary.

The consultant(s) undertaking the EA study should interact with the project design consultants and provide mitigation measures that can be directly incorporated in detailed design/construction plans and added as clauses that can be directly inserted in construction tender documents. The consultant(s) should draft these clauses. Interaction with the design consultants should happen throughout the EA.

3.11 Reporting and Schedule

The EA documents should be concise and limited to relevant environmental issues. The documents to be produced for the environmental assesment include the; (1) cluster executive summary; (2) cluster environmental assessment study (ANDAL); (3) environmental management plan (RKL) (for each road activity); and an (4) environmental monitoring plan (RPL) (for each road activity).

All the above documents should be organised according to the State Ministry of the Environment Regulation No. 08, 2006 – PerMenLH 08/2006.

The following reports will be produced with an indication of the number of copies:

• an inception note (final work-plan) within one month after the official starting date; • one page monthly progress reports; • the draft final report three months after start of the project; • the final report at the end of the project period, taking into consideration the comments from the parties involved as well the stakeholder workshop.

The following copies will be made available as outlined in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Document submissions and copies

For submission to: UNDP Government of Indonesia Reports* (BAPEDAL) English Bahasa English Bahasa Indonesia Indonesia Inception note (= final 4 1 2 8 work plan) Progress Reports 4 1 2 8 Draft final report 4 1 2 20 Final report 8 1 2 25

* two softcopies will be provided in each language for all reports

As the Streamlined EIA process adheres to a strict schedule, these documents will be completed over a suggested time frame of 20 weeks (or five months of work). The proposed timetable for the completion of each stage of the EA and payment schedule to the consultant is outlined in Table 3-2. The EA actvities are expected to be completed by December 31, 2009.

BAPEDAL Aceh NAD and the UNDP EIA Team of specialists based in Aceh will provide oversight and advice on the Streamlined EIA Process. They will also ensure that the approaches and methologies used by the consultant(s) adhere to international standards for EIA with respect to rigourousness, transparency and traceability.

Table 3-2 Timetable, Deliverables and Payment Schedule

Milestone / Documentation Target Delivery Date Payments Approved contract and scope of services Upon signing of contract Maximum USD 30,000 advance Milestones: Completion of 1st month End of 1st Month 10% minus USD 30,000 deliverables, including completion of advance mobilization, and detailed implementation planning. Documentation: Provision of implementation plan, including detailed work plan and time schedule. Milestones: Completion of 2nd month End of 2nd Month 20% of contract amount deliverables – data collection and analysis. Documentation: Provision of 1st progress report (validated by UNDP field monitoring) documenting achievement of deliverables Milestones: Completion of 3rd month End of 3rd Month 25% of contract amount deliverables – draft report writing completed. Documentation: Provision of 2nd progress report (validated by UNDP field monitoring) documenting achievement of 23

Milestone / Documentation Target Delivery Date Payments deliverables; and draft ANDAL-RKL-RPL reports for Technical Team Review and AMDAL Commission Review Milestones: Completion of 4th month End of 4th Month 25% of contract amount deliverables - draft final ANDAL-RKL- RPL. Documentation: Provision of 3rd progress report (validated by UNDP field monitoring) documenting achievement of deliverables; draft final ANDAL-RKL-RPL Milestones: Full completion of all project End of 5th Month 20% of contract amount activities and 5th month deliverables - Final ANDAL-RKL-RPL. Documentation: Provision of final progress report (validated by UNDP field monitoring) documenting achievement of deliverables; Final ANDAL-RKL-RPL approval by Governor Aceh NAD

CHAPTER IV REQUIRED AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION

In the ANDAL for the Cluster III road improvements, the proponent (via the consultant) is responsible for the formation of competent and specialists to undertake the study. The ANDAL study team should at least have 8 specialists in the following fields:

1. Environmental Impact Assessment (Team Leader) 2. Hydrology 3. Geology 4. Civil Engineering and Transportation 5. Biology/Ecology 6. Socio –economics 7. Spatial Planning/City Planning 8. Community Health A specialist with AMDAL B certificate and experienced in at least 5 cases/undertakings of AMDAL is to be assigned as Team Leader. A specialist in Transportation Civil Engineering is preferable. The qualifications of the specialist team include: - Education – minimum M.Sc. with 7-10 years experience or B.Sc. with minimum 15 years relevant experience; - Demonstrated experience working on similar projects for or with international organizations; - At least two specialists on the team should have AMDAL certification, and be experienced in AMDAL compilation according to his/her expertise; and - At least two specialists must be fluent in English (speaking, reading and writing)

Key personnel should be involved at over 70% of the time duration of the work assignment. These key personnel include the Team Leader, and sectoral specialists in the fields of biophysical environment, civil engineering (road) and socio-economics.

REFERENCES

Artama Interkonsultindo,PT.. 2008. DED Road Hotmix Simpang Padang Kleng- Pasie Teubee Teunom District , Housing and Regional Infrastructure Office of Aceh Jaya District, Calang. Asian Development Bank (ADB). 1997. Environmental Impact Assessment for Developing Countries in Asia. Volume 1 – Overview. BRR NAD-Nias. 2006. Guideline for Management of Environment and Life of NAD and Nias People after the Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster, Banda Aceh. BRR NAD-Nias. 2006. Guideline for Planning of Mitigation of Impacts of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activity by Using AMDAL, UKL, and UPL, Banda Aceh. BRR NAD-Nias. 2006. Guideline for Work Procedure of AMDAL,UKL and UPL of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activity in NAD-Nias, Banda Aceh. BRR NAD-Nias. 2006. Screening of AMDAL, UKL and UPL of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activity in NAD-Nias, Banda Aceh. BRR NAD-Nias. 2006. Standard of Mitigation of Impacts of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activity in NAD and Nias, Banda Aceh. BRR NAD-Nias. 2006. Standard of Technical Specification of Construction Work Equal to UKL-UPL, Banda Aceh. Citra Rancang Global,PT.. 2008. Construction of Hotmix Road in Panga District and Teunom District, Housing and Regional Infrastructure Office of Aceh Jaya District, Calang. IFC (International Finance Corporation). 2002. Handbook for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan. World Bank Group State Ministry of Environment. 1999. Government Regulation Number 27 on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Jakarta. State Ministry of Environment. 2006. Regulation of State Minister of Environment Number 08 of 2006 on Guideline for Preparation of Analysis on Environmental Impact, Jakarta. State Ministry of Environment. 2006. Regulation of State Minister of Environment Number 11 of 2006 on Types of Business/Activity Plan That Must Be Completed with Environmental Impact Assessment , Jakarta. State Ministry of Environment. 1997. Law Number 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Jakarta. State Ministry of Environment. 2005. Regulation of State Minister of Environment Number 308 of 2005 on Implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Management and Environmental Monitoring Efforts for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province And Nias Islands of North Sumatera Province, Jakarta. State Ministry of Environment. 2009. Cluster Approach Terms of Reference Evaluation Guide for Evaluators, Assistant Deputy of Environmental Impact Study Function – Deputy of Field of Environmental Arrangement, Jakarta..

The Word Bank. 1994. Roads and the Environment: A Handbook, The World Bank Environmentally Sustainable Development, New York. Whitten,T.,Damanik,S.J.,Anwar,J., and Hisyam,N.. 1999. The Ecology of Sumatra, Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd, Singapore.

Attachment 1- Location Photographs

A1-1 KUTA TUHA – PANTON KRUENG ROAD

A1-1.1 The starting point of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road is at its intersection with Calang – Teunom National Road. Type of pavement is mac adam penetration 3 m wide, shoulders 1 m, RUMIJA/ROW ± 8 m, Teunom Sub-district, Aceh Jaya.

A1-1.2 Segment of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road at sta 5 +000, 3 m wide gravel pavement, road is lightly damage, shoulders made of soil, land is used for dry field, bushes, ROW ± 8 m.

A1-1.3 Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road in sta 8+000, 5 m wide gravel pavement, shoulders made of soil, woods/bushes at the right/left of the road, RUMIJA/ROW ± 8 – 10 m.

A1-1.4 The end of Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road passes a suspension bridge, road pavement is soil, ROW ± 8 m, mixed forest and sparse settlement.

A1-2 PADANG KLENG – LHOK GUCI ROAD

A1-2.1 The starting point of Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road is at its intersection with Calang – Teunom national road. Type of pavement is mac adam penetration, 4 m wide, shoulders 1 m, ROW ± 10 m, Teunom Sub-district, Aceh Jaya District.

A1-2.2 Kuta Tuha – Panton Krueng Road in sta 5 +000. Asphalt pavement, 4 m wide, lightly damaged, shoulders made of soil, settlements along the road, mixed plantation, bushes, ROW ± 10 – 12 m.

A1-2.3 Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road in sta 9+000, 4 m wide asphalt pavement, 1 m shoulders made of soil, settlements at the right/left side of the road, mixed plantation, ROW ± 10 – 12 m.

A1-2.4 The end point of Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road in KM 12+000, 4 m wide asphalt pavement, ROW ± 10 – 12 m, settlements at the right/left side of the road, mixed plantation.

A1-3 CALANG – TEUNOM ROAD

A1-3.1 The starting point of Calang – Teunom Road in Calang Sub- district, Aceh Jaya District. Approximately 5 m wide Asphalt Concrete (AC) pavement, 1.5 m wide shoulders, average ROW ± 14 – 16 m.

A1-3.2 Road segment of Calang – Teunom in sta 5 +000 from Calang. 5 m wide Asphalt Concrete pavement, 1.5 m wide shoulders, land uses are for settlement, plantation, and bushes.

A1-3.3 Calang – Teunom Road segment in sta 30 +000 from Calang. 5 m wide Asphalt Concrete, 1.5 m wide shoulders, bushes and swamp, ROW ± 14 – 16 m.

A1-3.4 End point of Calang – Teunom Road in Teunom City, Teunom Sub-district of Aceh Jaya District. Approximately 6 m wide Asphalt Concrete (AC) pavement. The road is lightly damaged, 1.5 m wide shoulders. ROW ± 12 – 16 m, shops at the right/left side of the road.

Attachment 2 - Study Area Maps

A2-1 Study Area Map of Kuta Tuha - Panton Krueng Road Improvement Plan

A2-2 Study Area Map of Padang Kleng – Lhok Guci Road Improvement Plan

A2-3 Study Area Map of Calang – Teunom Road Improvement Plan

Attachment 3 - Impact Identification Matrix CLUSTER III Road Improvements, Aceh Jaya District

Rationale for ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Selection phase phase phase Development Preconstruction Preconstruction Operation phase Operation

A. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL 1. Climate V V Seasonal effects 2. Air quality V V Effect from PM resulting from the transportation of materials, construction base-camp activities, road operation 3. Noise & Vibration V V Effects resulting from the transportation of materials, construction base-camp activities, road operation 4. Physiography 5. Hydrology a. Water flow rate V V Runoff effects or diversions b. Water quality V V Base-camp or workshop generated wastes 6. Hydro-oceanography 7. Space and Land a. Land Use V V V Land acquisition, developments/activities not in accordance with land use plans b. Regional Development Plan Land acquisition, developments/activities not in accordance with land use plans c. Conflict possibility V V V Conflict arising from land acquisition or disruption effects during construction and operation d. Aesthetic value V V Effects to viewer expectations e. Slope stability V V Landslides resulting from unstable soil f. Erosion V V V Quarry location, road excavation g. Sedimentation V V Upland erosion/run-off from construction/operation activities 8. Transportation V V V Infrastructure damage 9. Traffic V V V Incidence of traffic 37

Rationale for ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Selection phase phase phase Development Development Preconstruction Operation phase Operation

accidents B. FLORA AND FAUNA 1. Terrestrial flora (vegetation biogeoclimatic V V V Loss or disturbance of zone, protected flora, unique flora) endemic species or habitat

2. Terrestrial fauna (abundance and diversity, V V V Quarry location; loss or distribution, protected fauna) disturbance of endemic species or habitat 3. Aquatic biota (plankton, benthos, fish) V V V Loss or disturbance of endemic species or habitat C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC & CULTURAL 1. Demography (structure, income, density, V V V Population /population workers) density pressures on local resources 2. Economy a. Household Economy V V Gender disaggregated effects to local economy and services b. Regional Economy V V Effects to regional economy and services c. Resource Economy V V Effects to local businesses d. Infrastructure/Transportation Economy V V Operation: change in businesses or service sectors 3. Culture V V V To be determined a. Tradition, cultural values b. Social institution c. Community’s Attitude & Perception d. Cultural heritage e. Social strata f. Power and authority g. Attitude & Perception toward Activity Plan h. Ecological adaptation i. Security V V V Issues surrounding removal or disturbance of cultural/historical artifacts D. COMMUNITY HEALTH 1. Environmental parameter related with health 2. Exposure process and potential 3. Disease potential V V Air and water effects due to construction and operation activities 4. Risked community characteristic 5. Health resources

Rationale for ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS Selection phase phase phase Development Development Preconstruction Operation phase Operation

6. Environmental sanitation condition 7. Community nutrition status 8. Environmental condition - disease spreading F. OTHER ACTIVITIES SUBJECTED TO IMPACT 1. Agriculture V V V Agricultural land removed from production due to land acquisition 2. Protection forest conservation 3. Irrigation canal V V Construction-operation damage 4.Quarry location, stock pile material, AMP V V Impacts to be studied

V: potential impact