tdatQ ___ _ Issue #2 THE TALKING ELF 6. Non Super Elf owners can connect the Q output to a speaker via a transistor driver or de cassette out line (Q) can be fed into the plxmo i.rJiut of a audio amplifier for optimum results. The program can be tested without the amplifier by playing a normal music cassette into the input line while the program is This will still allow reproduction am output of the information on the tape. You oou1d also record you own voice m a tape am play it through the cassette input line.
· The following changes must be made to the program for use on an Elf II. location· Contents 0016 61 001D 35 by OO!F 3D Bobby R. lewis 0027 35 0029 3D OOSD 61
The following program will allow OCA-1802 users In addition, a speaker and amplifier must be to digitize voice information from a microphone connected to the Q output line. display the information graphically, ani reproduce it for output via a speaker. 'Ire only additional hardware required is a micropb:me ani mini-speaker amplifier.
The program, as written. will nm on systems configured as follows:
1. EF3 - cassette input
2. Q - speaker output
3. EF4 - input switch
4. Continuous RAM memory from address
5. The amplifier will be attached as f ollO'NS:
a. Microphone to input b. Ext speaker output attached to the cassette inp..lt. C[B:VlC ClUB C£lSr:1ftC ClUB ClUB CDSr:lftC ClUB Page 2
OI'ERAI'OC JNSIRUCITOOS ADDR CODE LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENT
1. Load tre program into tre require:i address 0000 j ffiG 0 0031 space. 0000 F800; STRT: LDI A. 1 ( STRTl 0032 0002 B1; PHI INT 0033 0003 82; PHI SP 0034 2. Place the comruter in the n.m mode. 0004 B3; PHI PC 0035 0005 B4; PHI BPTR 0036 3. TI-e graphics display will soow pages zero 0006 F896; LDI A.O( INTPl0037 through three on the screen with the program 0008 A1; PLO INT 0038 at the top of the display. 0009 F8FF; LDI #FF 0039 OOOB A2; PLO SP 0040 OOOC F811; LDI and A.O(GRFXl0041 4. Press infUt imme:iiately start talking OOOE A3; PLO PC 0042 into the microphone. You can usually say OOOF E2; SEX SP 0043 from 7 to 12 words. The screen will go 0010 03; SEP PC 0044 blank while tre computer is inputting the 0011 69; GRFX: INP TVON 0045 voice information. 0012 3712; B4 * 0046 0014 3F14; BN4 * 0047 0016 62; OUT TVOF 0048 5. The display oock en signals the eOO 0017 F80F; LDI #OF 0049 of the voice input cycle, and will be 0019 BF; PHI VIN 0050 displaying rages OC, OD, OE, and OF. 001A F8FF; LDI #FF 0051 001C AF; PLO VIN 0052 6. Press input ani rages 08, 09, OA and OB will 0010 3610; B3 * 0053 be displayed. 001F 3E1F; BN3 * 0054 0021 F800; LOP1: LDI #00 0055 0023 BE; PHI TMP2 0056 7. Press input and pages 04, 05, 06 and 07 will 0024 F808; LDI #08 0057 be displayed. 0026 AE; PLO TMP2 0058 0027 362B; LOP: B3 ZERO 0059 8. Press inrut and rages 00, 01, 02 and 03 will 0029 3E30; BN3 ONE 0060 be displayed. 002B F800; ZERO: LDI #00 0061 0020 FE; SHL 0062 002E 3033; BR DISP 0063 9. At this point, press input again and the 0030 F880; ONE: LDI #80 0064 information will be rutrut to the Q line. 0032 FE; SHL 0065 0033 OF; DISP: LDN VIN 0066 10. input again restarts the sequence 0034 76; SHRC 0067 at step 4 above. 0035 5F; STR VIN 0068 0036 2E; DE"C TMP2 0069 0037 BE; GLO TMP2 0070 uooo 0038 3A27; 8NZ LOP 0071 0001 •• 003A 2F; 0000 0002 •• DEC VIN 0072 0000 003B 9F; GHI VIN 0073 0003 •• 003C F800; 0000 0004 •• VOICE INPUT XRI #00 0074 0000 003E 3A21; BNZ LOP1 0075 0005 •• GRAPHICS 0040 F80C; LDI 0000 0006 •• AND VOICE A.1 (BLOC1 )0076 0000 0042 84; PHI 8PTR 0077 0007 •• OUTPUT 0043 69; INP 0000 0008 •• TVON 0078 0000 0044 3744; B4 * 0079 0009 •• BY: BOBBY 0046 3F46; BN4 0000 0010 •• R. LEWIS * 0080 0000 0048 F808; LDI A.1 (8LOC2)0081 0011 •• 004A B4; PHI BPTR 0082 0000 0012 •• 1980 0000 004B 3748; B4 * 0083 0013 •• 0040 3F4D; BN4 0000 0014 •• REGISTER * 0084 0000 004F F804; LDI A.1 (BLOC3l0085 0015 •• EQUATES 0051 B4; PHI 0000 0016 •• BPTR 0086 0000 0052 3752; B4 * 0087 0017 DMA=O 0054 3F54; 0000 0018 INT=1 BN4 * 0088 0000 0056 F800; LDI A. 1 (8LOC4 )0089 0019 SP=2 0058 R4; PHI 0000 0020 PC=3 8PTR 0090 0000 0059 3759; B4 * 0091 0021 BPTR=4 005B 3F58; 0000 0022 TMP2=#0E BN4 * 0092 0000 0023 TMP3=#0C 0050 62; OUT TVOF 0093 0000 005E F800; LDI A. 1 (TMPl0094 0024 VIN=#OF 0060 BC; 0000 0025 TVON=1 PHI TMP3 0095 0000 0061 F8A4; LDI A.O (TMP)0096 0026 TVOF=2 0063 AC; PLO 0000 0027 8LOC1=#0COO TW3 0097 0000 0064 F80F; LDI #OF 0098 0028 8LOC2=#0800 0066 BF; PHI 0000 0029 8LOC3=#0400 VIN 0099 0000 0067 F8FF; LDI #FF 0100 0030 BLOC4=#0000 0069 AF; PLO VIN 0101
QUESTDAT A COSMAC CLUB P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Page 3 ----ADDR CODE LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENT 006A F807; AGN: LDI #07 0102 006C AE; PLO TMP2 0103 0060 F800; LDI #00 0104 ..____/ 006F 76; SHRC 0105 ACOOL DISPLAY 0070 OF; LON VIN 0106 0071 5C; STR TMP3 0107 0072 OC; LOPV: LON TMP3 0108 0073 76; SHRC 0109 By William Carres 0074 3378; BDF ONES 0110 0076 3886; 8NF ZERS 0111 This is a short program that uses Super 0078 78; ONES: SEQ 0112 Basic. TI-e program generates a screen full of 0079 5C; STR TMP3 0113 asterisks, with ooe randomly located on each 007A 2E; DEC TMP2 0114 lim. After four passes, too program lists an:l 0078 8E; GLO TMP2 0115 names itself refore restarting. The program is 007C 3A72; 8NZ LOPV 0116 007E 2F; DEC VIN 0117 unique in that no QUESTDATA COSMAC CLUB P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Page 4 Set R2 and RA THE SIEVE OF for page one R2.0 = 102 ERATOSTHENES RA.O = 100 by Phillip B. Li.escreski III M(R2) = R2.0 Bump R2 Sieve of Eratosthenes is a meth Prime numbers are those numbers whose factors are itself ani one (1). number one is rot considered a prime nnnrer; therefore, two is tre first prime rrumber whose only factors are one (1) and two (2). These numbers are important :in tre sense that all numbers can be represented as a product of them. For example, fifteen (15) may te represented as tre product of five (5) and three (3) which are prime numbers. This fact is very han:l:y when ore must factor a natural numrer. RA = RA+M(R2) This classic algorithm is very simple to use ani often taught :in elementary arithmetic. To find the prime numbers between two and ane- hurrlred (100), ore must first produce a table or list of the natural rumrers from two to one- lurrlred. Next, ore begins with two ani marks out every second nnnber after it, thus removing all even numbers except two from tre list. Now the IEXt unmarked n.nnber which should be three is taken as tre starting point, arrl every third runnber after it is marked out, thus the multiples of three from tre list. process is continued with the IEXt unmarked nnnber, and its multiples are removed, until m more numbers can re marked out. The unmarked n.nnrers :in the list are the prime numbers from two to one- hundred. QUESTDATA COSMAC CLUB P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Page 5 An Example Sieve '-._./ This method can be implemented by a computer such as the OOSMAC 1802.. Instead of 2 3 using a sheet or the list of numbers can (4) 5 be stored in a page of memory. With a (256 (8) bytes) of memory, one can obtain a list of prime '(6)' 7 '9' numbers which are contained in the set of (10) 11 I (12)' natural numbers which range from two to 255. In 13 this 1802 machine-code program, the list is (14) '15' (16) 17 prepared oo the first of memory after the base (locatioos: 01(X)-{)1FF). 'fu! program ( )-Every second deletion is contained in the l:ase (locations: CXXX}- OOFF). First, tle program prepares tle by ' '-Every third deletion generating the sequence of numbers between 02 and FF and storing them in the corresponding Unmarked rumbers are the prime rumbers from two locations, in other words, 02 is stored at to seventeen. location 0102, 03 is stored at lacation 0103 and so oo. After this, the program starts with 02 and stores a zero in every second locatioo after 0102. The program marks out numbers by storing ADDR CODE COM--1ENTS zeros at their locations. With this, the machine displays the number 02 on the 0000 E2 Set X to 2 0001 F8 01 Set R2 and RA to point at page 1 hexadecimal readout arrl waits for tle operator 0003 82 to push the in[Alt key for the rext prime number. 0004 8A After the depression of the input key, the 0005 F8 02 I n it i a I i ze R2 program searches for the rext unmarked (non- 0007 A2 zero) location. Zeros are stored at locations 0008 52 Store the list of numbers in which are multiples of it, and this rumber is 0009 12 location pointed to by R2 and bump R2 displayed. 'fu! process continues until all of OOOA 82 the prime rumbers that are contained in the 0008 3A 08 Test if numbering is complete '-----' mve been displayed, and tle machiTE signals the OOOD 22 Numbering is complete operator that the process is complete by OOOE F8 02 I n it i a I i ze R2 lightiQS its Q lamp. 0010 A2 0011 92 0012 F8 01 Test if finished This algorithm is quite slow and tedious 0014 3A 20 for large lists of numbers, but since this 0016 FO Not yet program is in machine-code, the prime rumbers 0017 3A 1C Find next unmarked location are generated very quickly. Also, the prime (prime number) numbers which are displayed are in hexadecimal 0019 12 001A 30 11 notation, but this tends to give this ancient 001C F4 Calculate the unmarked location's algorithm a contemporary Finally, it multiple srould be stated that this program is designed 001D 33 26 Test if marking is complete for a 4K expanded Super Elf, but any OOSMAC 001F AA Not yet; Push multiple in RA machire with at least two whole of memory 0020 F8 00 Mark the location pointed at by 0022 5A RA with a zero srould be able to execute this algorithm with 0023 8A slight modifications to tle program's register 0024 30 1C Find the next location's multiple initialization. 0026 64 Display the prime number 0027 3F 27 37 29 Wait for the operator 0028 30 11 Do it again 002D 78 Finished; Turn on the Q lamp Bibliography 002E 00 Halt Gellert w.· Kustner, H.; Hellwich, M.; and Kastner,' H., ' ed. 'The VNR Concise Encyclopedia 0000 E2F8 0182 8AF8 02A2 5212 823A 0822 F8U2 of Mathematics". New York: Van Nostrand 0010 A292 F801 3A2D F03A 1C12 3011 F433 26AA Reinhold Company, 1975. 0020 FBOO 5A8A 301C 643F 2737 2930 1178 00 Hutton, E.L University of St. Thomas, lbuston, Texas. Interview, 26 December 1979. P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 QUESTDATA COSMAC CLUB Page 6 USING SUPER BASIC by instruction could be usErl in place of the GOlD Ron Cenker 200 another conditional statement. wren converting any BASIC program to SUPER BASIC :SUPER BASIC is enjoyErl by many 1802 users ore simply changes all lines of tre following today. It was written to be as compatible as form: possible with most poJW,ar BASIC's currently on QUESTDAT A COSMAC CLUB P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Page 7 A book entitled "Game Playing with Basic" by Note also that in line ft40 a space is inserted Donald D. Spencer, published by Hayden, is after the word SELECTED since the value of C available at many rookstores. In it are many will be printed directly after the preceeding examples of simple programs arrl the logic that string enclosed in quotes. 1h= following is an went into writing them. A small nnnber guessing example of the program execution: program appears on page 24 and is duplicated here as an example: RUN 10 1ID1 A N..lMBER ClJESS:IN; GAME PlAYER 1 - mESS IS?6 15 PRINT "PlAYER 1 - GUESS IS"; PlAYER 2 - GUESS IS?36 20 INRJl' P1 CXl1PUl'ER SEIECIED 9. 25 PRINr "PlAYER 2 - mESS IS"; PlAYER 1 WPS CI.DSEST 30 INPUT P2 35 lEI' C=INT(RND(l) )+1 Note that when line ft40 was executed, a floating liJ PRINT '' CXMPUI'ER SEI.ECIED'' ; C point nine (9.) was printed. If the decimal is 45 IF ABS(C-Pl) 0 ABSC(C-P2) THEN 60 to be inhibited, the C in line //40 can be :D PRINT "BOlli PlAYERS WERE EQJAL" replaced by INUM( C). 55 curo 80 60 IF ABS(C-P1) < ABS(C-P2) THEN 75 If this same program were to be executed in the 65 PRINT "PlAYER 2 WPS CIDSESI'" integer mode in th= interest of improved speed 70 curo 80 or accuracy (this example requires reither more 75 PRINT "PlAYER 1 WPS CIDSEST" speed nor accuracy) th= changes would 80 END 'be made: The first modification found recessary to nm Add line #5 5 IEFINT Z this program in SUPER BASIC is to rename the Change line #35 35 lEI' C= 1-HOO( 50) variables since it makes use of two character variables: Finally, SUPER BASIC would allow this program to be typed in a corrlensed fonnat as follows: Variables used Variables assigred 5 IEFINT Z 10 ! A mMBER ClJESS:IN; GAME P1 A 15 INPUI'"PI.AYER 1 - GUESS IS" ;A P2 B 25 INRJI'"PI.AYER 2 - mESS IS"; B c c 35 C=1+RND(50) 40 PR '' CXMPUI'ER SEI.E.CIED '' ; C Next it should be recognized that lire nnnber 45 45 IF ABS(C-A)A=ABS(C-B) PR"BCYIH. PlAYERS WERE EQJAL":END and 60 must be changed in such a way as to 60 IF ABS(C-A) P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 QUESTDATA COSMAC CLUB Page 8 HARMONIOUS SEQUENCER By Don Stevens This harmonious sequencer program plays sequences of harmonically relata:i tones, arrl it was inspired by Bob Richie's Sourrler (issue ItS), Ed HcCormic's algorithm (issue /17), and Paul START Moews' algorithm (issue /110). The sequences evolve gradually or rapidly depending on the choice of the evolution parameter (location All sequences have the same name number of notes (determined by location 26) which can re chosen to re from 1 to 8. All the notes are playa:i the SET NOTES same length of time, which is determined by the PLAYED=f) tempo parameter (location 'Ire suggested value (38) gives rotes about 1 second long. Music which sounds somewhat like Telemann recorder music is produced with evolution=FF YES (IDC 0065) notes=03, (IDC 0026) and tempo=OC, (LOG 0015). WAIT% NOTE The frequencies of the notes are determined by a table of divisors (located from 16 to 25), with the frequency produced=3579545/(64* The ·divisors suggested in the listing YES SET STATUS are crosen so that the tones produced are all FOR THIS NOTE harmonics of 77.68Hz.; respectively the 3, 4, =EVOLUTION 16, 5, 6, 8, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 8, 18, 20, PARAMETER 24th harmoics. Another selectioo of divisors is suggested for musical experimenters, namely: D2, A8, 3C, 8C, 78, 69, 54, 46, IE, 3C, 38, 2A, 28, 78, 23, 1E. These yield, respectively, the 4, 5, 14, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 28, 14, 15, 20, 21, 7, 24, INCREMENT INCREMENT 28th harmonics of 66.58Hz. I find the 7th DIVISOR INDEX harmonics somewhat disharmonious. STATUS FOR THIS NOTE FOR THIS NOTE The pattern of sequences will eventually repeat, the period is more than 3 days for sequences of length 4 and more than 100 years for sequences of 8. Particular sequences will repeat much more often, of course. INCREMENT The program works as follows. A status value is kept for each note position in the cycle. NOTES PLAYEO For simplicity suppose there are 4 notes per cycle and row we consider the 3rd rote in the cycle. Each time this note is to re played, its status value is checked to see whether it is equal to 1 (=4-3); if not, the status value is incremented and the third divisor index PLAY THE NOTE determines the divisor used for this not& If the status value were =1, the status value is set equal to the evolutioo parameter, the 3rd divisor index is incremented, and the note played. If the divisor for a note were say 24, then exactly 36 (=24 hex) instructions are executa:i between succesive reversals of Q. QUESTDAT A COSMAC CLUB P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Page 9 HARMONIOUS SEQUENCER ADDR CODE LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENT ADDR CODE LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENT 0000 F8 NOP '-...__/ 003C BB 0001 00 NOP PHI B RB.1=tempo 0002 B3 0030 F8FF LDI X1 FF 1 NOP 003F AB 0003 93 GHI3 PLO B RB.O=FF 0004 B4 GHIO 0040 85 GLO 5 D=Notes pI ayed 0005 B8 PHIS 0041 E9 SEX 9 0006 B9 0042 F3 XOR PH19 0043 3A4D 0007 BA PHI A BNZ (L10) If (notes pI ayed do 0008 BC PHIC not equal notes 0009 BD PHID per cycle)GOTO (L10) OOOA F827 0045 9B GHI B D=tempo LDI QUESTDATA COSMAC CLUB P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Page 10 ADDR CODE LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENT BCD TO 0078 08 LDN 8 D=Divisor BINARY CONVERTER 007C FF05 SMI 05 D=Divisor-5 007E F6 SHR D=Loops to do 007F 3882 BNF (L15l Skip instr. it DF = 0 by Al Williams 0081 E4 SEX 4 0082 FFOl (L15l SMI 01 LOOP 0084 3A82 BNZ (L 15l Unti I D=O This program will convert a BCD (binary 0086 7A REQ NUM. (I nstr. ti II ccxled decimal) number to lEe en a basic elf or endl=Divisor other 1802 machine, using the same I/0. The 0087 08 LDN D=OIVISOR program masks the least significant digit (LSD) 0088 F6 SHR in the D register and stores it in the stack 0089 F6 SHR D=Divisor/4 008A E4 SEX then shifts the most significant digit (MSD) to 0088 54 STR Scratch=Divisor the right two times. The result is stored in 008C 88 GLO B D=Low tempo count too stack then shifterl twice to tre right again. 0080 F7 SM D=D-Scratch That is added to the last entry i n the stack, 008E AB PLO 8 Low tempo count shifted left once arrl added to the first stack decremented entry. N:>w the D register contains the binary 008F 98 GH I B D=high tempo count 0090 7FOO SM81 00 0=0-8orrow equivalent of tre decimal input. 'This is more 0092 8B PHI high tempo count easily done than said. decremented 0093 3238 BZ (L8l It note done, To use the program, enter a decimal mnnber GOTO (L8) (00-99) and run the program. The hex number 0095 08 LON D=D ivlsor will be displayed on the LED's. To convert 0096 FF12 SM I X' 12' D=Divisor-18 0098 F6 SHR D=Loops to do another number, enter tre number the Input 0099 389C 8NF (L16l Sk i p instr. it key. OF=O 0098 E4 SEX 4 ADDR CODE COMMENT 009C FF01 (L16l SM I 01 LOOP 009E 3A9C 8NZ (L16) Unt i l 0=0 0000 90 82 R2.1 =00 OOAO 307A 8R (L14l Conti nue note, GOTO 0002 F8 FF A2 R2.0=00 (L14l 0005 E2 Set stack poi nter to R2 0006 6C 8F Input to 0 and RF . 1 0000 F800 8393 8488 B9BA BCBD F827 A4F8 26A9 0008 FA OF Select LSD 0010 F815 AA30 3838 FOB4 2090 785A 8450 483C OOOA 73 Push 0 to stack 0020 3020 5A28 241E 0400 0102 0304 0506 0708 0008 9F Restore original 0030 0000 0000 0000 0000 F800 A50A 88F8 FFA8 Input 004Q 85E9 F33A 4098 8828 983A 4730 3885 FC30 OOOC FA FO Select MSD 0050 AC85 FC28 ADOD 8585 E9F5 ECF3 3264 OCFC OOOE 76 76 Sh ift right 0060 015C 3060 F8FF 5C95 FC0 1 FAOF 5D85 FC01 twice 0070 A595 FC16 A808 54E4 6424 7808 FF05 F638 0010 73 Push D to stack 0080 82E4 FF01 3A82 7A08 F6F6 E454 88F 7 AB98 0011 76 76 Sh ift right 0090 7FOO 8832 3808 FF12 F638 9CE4 FF01 3A9C tw ice OOAO 307A 0013 60 F4 0 + stack 0015 7E Shift left 0015 60 F4 0 + stack 0018 52 St ack = 0 0019 64 22 Output and correct R2 0018 3F 18 Wa it 0010 37 10 001F 30 06 Go" back to top Program Listing Decimal Hex 10 OA 50 32 80 50 99 63 0000 9082 F8FF A2E2 6C8F FAOF 739F FAFO 7676 0010 7376 7660 F47E 60F4 5264 223F 1B37 1030 0020 06 QUESTDATA COSMAC CLUB P.O. Box 4430, Santa Clara, CA 95054 Page 11 15 PUZZLE FOR ElF-11 PATCHES Fll "TB nY IF" THE ELF II by By Cluck Reid Robert v. Dipippo I must thank Questdata for Issue #12. The article ''Tiny Basic to TeletJre Interface" has for the 15 Puzzle by Ray Tully come to my resct.e. I've been trying to address Vol. 2 Issue ttl must be modified for use with my serial ASCII keyboard (Netronics' Terminal) the ELF IL on my ELF-II with minimal success. But now The changes that I have made do rot require thanks to Questdata I have succeed.Erl arrl here any additional memory. It is necessary to set are the "mods" as they fit on an ELF-II. up the registers before entering the program. Serial I/O on a Netronics Terminal operates on To do this I used tre tmused locations 0083 to Sense Line EF4 arrl uses reverse logic to that 0089 to set the registers, and locations OlFO to listed in Questdata Issue #12 pages 3 to 8. 01F5 for tre routire to tum oo the TV. Change the following single bytes: I hore this little change will make more 1802 owners enjoy this truly exciting game. AJ:lR DATA 0932 3F Note: Lata is ADDR CODE LABEL OPCODE OPERAND COMMENT 3F "35" for the 0083 F8 LDI 09A5 3F Super Elf 0084 01 09& 3F 0085 83 PHI R3.1 09B9 3F 0086 F8 LDI 0087 03 09C9 3F 0088 A3 PLO R3.0 0089 03 SEP R3 Go to beg. of pgm. 0940 37 Note: Lata is 0994 37 "3D" for the 01FO E2 SEX R2 09M 37 Super Elf 01 Fl 69 Turn on TV 09B4 37 01F2 OB 01F3 5F 01 F4 30 [EDTIDR'S IDlE: We are printing these Jntches 01F5 40 Jump back display without verification in hopes that other ELF-II square owrers can find them useful. We understand that a delay is requira:i for the Clear Screen commarrl Change the following locations in the program to jump to the TV on routine. to th'e video board. These routines do not 0148 30 accommodate the delay so it will have to be 014C FO supplied by the using routine. ------QUESTDATA A 12 issue subscr-iption to QUESTDATA, the publication devoted P.O. Box 4430 entir>ely to the COSMAC 1802 is $12. Santa Clara, CA 95054 (Add $6.00 for> air>mail postage to all for>eign countr>ies except Canada and Mexico.) YoUr> comments ar>e al'IJXLys welcome and a:ppr>eciated. We 'IJXLnt to Payment be your> 1802's best fr>iend. D Check or Money Order Enclosed Made payable to Quest Electronics NAME D Master Charge No. D Bank Americard No. ______D Visa Card No. ______ADDRESS Expiration Date.__: ______ Signature ______CITY STATE ZIP .. 0 Renewal 0 New Subscription ------.I Page 12 Notes From The Publisher Resistance to change has been the nemesis of In the same breath, we are pleased to annotmee individuals and companies alike, in that Paul Messinger has been named the new tre young, fast-growing electronic industry•• managing editor of Q..testdata. Paul his lEen an Most companies that know what they are doing in avid hobbyist for years who has extensive fact krow that is irevitable, ani it is background in roth hardware design and software. only a question of wro, where, when or row to fu brings intimate knowledge of the 1802 in all make the best of it. In this context, I am its forms to the job. Because Paul has reluctant to announce that our Editor, Bill additional responsibilities, we will have Haslacher, has decided that it is time for him Associate Editors who will relp Paul check rut to move en to new and more challenging avenues programs in addition to providing some creative of p.1rsuit. In his new positi CIJStlfiC ClUB CDSr:lfiC ClUB CIJSr:lfiC ClUB COSr:lfiC CllJB CIJSr:lfiC ClUB CIJSr:lfiC I4 QUESTDATA BULK RATE P.O . Box 4430 U.S.·Postage Peid Santa Clara, CA 95054 QUEST Electronics ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Perm'it No. 15•8 Sente Cler•. CA