Faith. Reason. Justice. Loyola University Chicago • Office of Research Services

LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO • OFFICE OF RESEARCH SERVICES

ISSUE 5 2016 –2017

FAITH. REASON. JUSTICE. LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO • OFFICE OF RESEARCH SERVICES

RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE IN SERVICE TO HUMANITY

PAGE

2 - 3 Welcome David Prasse, PhD

4 Promoting Social Justice Linda Brubaker, MD, MS in Medical Education LOYOLA’S MISSION 5 Teaching and Practicing Public Service Anita Weinberg, JD, MSSW Law for Social Justice

We are Chicago’s Jesuit, Catholic 6 - 7 Biostatistics in the Realm Stephanie Kliethermes, PhD of the Patient

University—a diverse community seeking 8 - 9 Medical Ethics in the M. Therese Lysaught, PhD Context of Faith God in all things and working to expand 10 Faith and Reason in Christian Mark McIntosh, PhD knowledge in the service of humanity Historical Theology 11 Finding God in Mark G. Kuczewski, PhD through learning, justice, and faith. the Patient

12-13 Faith in Culture Mark Bosco, S.J., PhD and Society

14-15 Legal Education toward David Yellen, JD a More Just Society

16 Resources for Further Study and Information

ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 1 Dear Colleagues and Friends of Loyola,

Welcome to this issue of Endeavors, for “contemplation in action” in urging us to which annually showcases the work of some act for justice. Being academics, our faculty are inherently contemplative, but it is the action of Loyola’s outstanding faculty scholars component that sets Jesuit universities apart around a theme. This edition sought to elicit from most secular ones: In 2015 Loyola was ranked fourth in the nation for service-learning faculty perspectives on the intersection of opportunities. faith, justice, and reason in Jesuit higher The Loyola scholars profiled here represent education, and how these themes are multiple religious and academic backgrounds. Each brings a unique perspective on the incorporated into their teaching, research, relationship between faith, reason, and justice and university service. and the ways these are incorporated into their teaching, research, and service. Professor Linda The relationship between the concepts of Brubaker and Professor Mark Kuczewski were faith, reason, and justice has long played a responsible for making Loyola’s Stritch School role in Catholic and Jesuit theological history. of Medicine (SSOM) the first U.S. medical school St. Thomas and St. Augustine considered to accept applications from aspiring medical the relationship between reason and faith in student “Dreamers” (children of undocumented detailed theological perspective. St. Ignatius, parents brought to the U.S., now protected by founder of the Jesuits, promoted justice in his the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals act). call toward “contemplation in action” as part They approached the Dreamer admission issue Statue of St. Ignatius on the first floor of the Richard J. Klarchek Information Commons. of faith. The prominence of justice and equity from a social justice and civil rights perspective, in Jesuit theology (now often called “social providing an inspiring example of “faith that justice”) was further elevated by Father Pedro does justice.” promote social justice in Chicago. Under the on a par with intellectual growth, and draw on Arrupe, S.J., who emphasized the importance The work of bioethicist Therese Lysaught and visionary and creative leadership of Dean David Christian and Jesuit historical theology to help of service to others in Jesuit education and biostatistician Stephanie Kliethermes focuses Yellen, Loyola’s School of Law is likely the only guide students toward finding purpose and challenged individuals to live out a “faith that on increasing equity in health care; both work law school in the country to encompass four fulfillment in life. does justice.” That Jesuit legacy continues today to help patients with little or no access to care unique educational legal service programs. In We are proud that these outstanding with Pope Francis. The world is affected by the in developing countries (El Salvador and Haiti, addition to the ChildLaw Center, the Health scholars and educators have chosen Loyola message, teachings, and activism of the Pope respectively). Professor Anita Weinberg and Justice Project, Life After Innocence project, and as their academic home. I hope that you find as he uses his role to promote social justice, Civitas ChildLaw Center students are working to the PROLAW program (see page 14) provide the insights of our faculty scholars on the roles peace, tolerance, and compassion for the less promote children’s welfare by helping children hands-on legal education and highly impactful of faith, reason, and justice in their work as fortunate. His impact beyond the Church is so in foster care, seeking reforms in the Illinois (10 bills originating in the law school signed inspiring as I have. profound that a term has been coined that is juvenile justice system, and ameliorating lead into law) service to Chicago’s disadvantaged the title of a recent book about his influence: exposure in Chicago low-income children, populations. Sincerely, The Francis Effect. through advocacy, legislative lobbying, Theologians Father Mark Bosco, S.J., Our commitment as a Jesuit university is to research, and legal services. All of this work is and Professor Mark McIntosh both seek to create what St. Ignatius called “men and women aimed at increasing equity in health and health inspire students toward exploring the roles for others,” through a liberal arts education care, and embodies the Jesuit commitment to of spirituality, faith, reason, and justice in that includes service opportunities in our larger helping the less fortunate. contemplating meaning in their lives from David Prasse, PhD community, and a culture that promotes equity, Several law school programs also provide both academic and personal perspectives. Both Vice Provost for Academic tolerance, and compassion. St. Ignatius called hands-on legal service experiences that strive to emphasize personal spiritual growth & Faculty Resources

2 LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 3 Linda Brubaker, MD, MS Anita Weinberg, JD, MSSW Dean and Chief Diversity Officer Clinical Professor and Director, Civitas ChildLaw Institute, Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago School of Law

Promoting Social Justice Teaching and Practicing Public in Medical Education Service Law for Social Justice

rofessor Linda Brubaker brings an en- She wants medical students to understand that oyola School of Law professor Anita work, and the legislature. These objectives are thusiasm for medical education, social “it is very important to treat patients with the Weinberg has a long history of pursuing addressed by engaging students in real-world P justice, and her medical specialty fields dignity and care that God would want” as a L justice initiatives that benefit and pro- experience in the ChildLaw Legislation and of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive crucial part of their medical education and the tect children, as well as a wealth of experience Policy Clinic that she directs. surgery (urogynecology) to her several roles at practice of the most compassionate patient care. in organizations promoting children’s welfare. One of the larger issues that she and clinic Loyola’s Stritch School of Medicine (SSOM). As Brubaker also brings a passion to her role A Loyola law school alumna, she has worked students have tackled is that of Chicago chil- a medical scholar, researcher, educator, journal as SSOM Chief Diversity Officer. From a social for, among others, the Illinois Department of dren’s exposure to lead poisoning. For more editor, and clinician who sees patients every justice perspective, she believes that diversity Children and Family Services (DCFS), as Staff than 10 years, Weinberg and more than 35 week, author of nearly 300 journal articles and is critically important to the SSOM at all levels Attorney for the Children's Rights Project, as students have staffed a statewide task force book chapters, and principal investigator on five (faculty, residents, and fellows) but especially for Supervising Attorney and Assistant Public working to make housing lead-safe for children. federally-funded research grants, she is uniquely the student population, and notes that the 2015 Guardian in the Cook County Public Guardian's Clinic students have worked with Task Force suited to leading a medical school in the applica- class is the most diverse ever admitted. While office, and at posts at the National Center For members, legislators, and community members tion of Jesuit educational values. she largely credits Professor Mark Kuczewski Youth Law and the Child Welfare League of to advocate for policy reform, promote public Brubaker observes that applying the concepts of the Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics (also America. awareness, and foster collaborations to reme- of faith, reason, and justice to higher education profiled here, see page 11), she was also critically This career path reflects Weinberg’s dedica- diate childhood lead exposure. Notable results is particularly appropriate for medical education, involved in the effort to make SSOM the first tion to social justice, public service, and creating include: passing Illinois’ first legislation to where students may be responsible for their U.S. medical school to admit undocumented a more just world, values that she tries to instill eliminate childhood lead exposure; initiating a future patients’ lives. Whereas reason forms the students known as “Dreamers” (children brought in her students. She encourages students to state-funded $5 million project to address lead basis for the medical science that students are to the U.S. by undocumented immigrant parents question the status quo and to see themselves paint in two low-income Chicago communities; learning, faith can inspire a view of life as sacred, and protected from deportation under the De- as instruments of change by giving them the and developing a model of university-commu- and Loyola’s mission values of equity and integ- ferred Action for Childhood Arrivals [DACA] act) tools and experience to address social injustice. nity-government partnership lauded by the rity are traits conducive to the development of in 2012. She worked with Loyola’s senior admin- In her courses, she seeks to challenge students CDC, HUD, and EPA. highly effective and compassionate physicians. istration and Board of Trustees to create financial to think critically about whether the law is Another Clinic project supports a youth Brubaker believes that application of Jesuit aid packages for Dreamer applicants comparable effective, fair, and sufficient to address particular advisory board to the Illinois DCFS comprised values to medical education, medical practice, to those of other students (Dreamer students are societal issues, and how it might be improved. of former foster care youth. Law students work and patient care, can inform both the medical ineligible for federal aid). Loyola partnered with Weinberg wants to raise students’ aware- with the youth board to teach them about the school’s educational philosophy and curriculum Trinity Health (the parent corporation of Loyola ness of the complexity of societal problems. legislative process, develop a legislative agenda, and engenders attitudes promoting compas- University Health System) and the Illinois Finance This goal is advanced in her child law capstone do research, draft legislation, and give testimo- sionate medical practice and patient care. Authority to design loan programs for these course, which includes guest faculty from other ny. This project allows students to teach and Social justice is woven throughout the SSOM’s students, typically in exchange for a promise of disciplines (e.g., social work, child develop- mentor, gain experience working with clients, programs but is most evident in the patient-cen- future medical practice for underserved popu- ment). Another example is the interdisciplinary and to observe legislative processes. Under tered medical curriculum. While western lations. She feels strongly that SSOM graduates course that she teaches for graduate students Weinberg’s leadership, the Clinic’s efforts have medicine increasingly incorporates a “holistic” have an obligation to the larger community in in law, social work, psychology, and education. resulted in 10 bills becoming law in Illinois. approach to treatment by considering issues of providing services to a diverse group of patients, Speakers in the class include parents of children These activities reflect Weinberg’s ethical lifestyle in patient care, the SSOM curriculum especially those with limited health care access, placed in foster care and former foster care convictions, values, and philosophy of life. Her also incorporates faith via the Jesuit perspective i.e., minorities and the economically disadvan- youth. Case studies in her courses focus on personal passion for justice incites a “feeling of of “God in all things” that includes the patient. taged, which requires effort and outreach. issues that impact the underserved and under- moral responsibility to make things better in the SSOM students are taught to be aware of a Brubaker combines her faith, medical training, represented, including children's health, family world” through effecting change; she wants to patient’s spirituality and to incorporate this into scientific reasoning, acute sense of social justice, violence, and juvenile justice. inspire law students to do the same. She credits treatment where possible, thereby truly treating and commitment to excellence in medical edu- Weinberg strives to provide students with her dedication to social justice and service to the “whole person” even beyond this contempo- cation and patient care in her dedication to her experiences that will inspire them to help the her socialization in Jesuit values as a Loyola law rary concept. Brubaker believes that most SSOM professional roles at Loyola and to furthering the disadvantaged through advocacy and legal student, which was so profound that she “cannot students are aware that their education at Stritch University’s mission. Brubaker summarizes her activism; apply their legal training to address imagine doing work that does not support social is different from that of most other medical philosophy resolutely: “I feel it is my moral obli- issues of injustice; effect policy-making; and justice.” An environment that so embodies her schools, and that this is why the medical school gation to incorporate justice into my research, work with diverse groups – the poor, minorities, personal philosophy makes her feel “very much received nearly 11,000 applications last year. teaching, and practice.” and professionals in health, education, social at home” in the law school and at Loyola.

4 LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/brubaker LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/weinberg ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 5 Stephanie Kliethermes, PhD Assistant Professor of Public Health Sciences and Director of Biostatistical Core, Clinical Research Office, Stritch School of Medicine and University Medical Center HAITI

Biostatistics in the Realm of the Patient: DOMINION REPUBLIC Advancing Medicine and Global Health

Arcahaie n her two years at Loyola’s Stritch School and justice to help people? Can we use the of Medicine (SSOM), Professor Stephanie conclusions that we draw from data to help 100 MILES Kliethermes has accomplished quite a bit. people and improve health both locally and IWhile completing her PhD in biostatistics at globally? Ultimately, Kliethermes is interested Professor Stephanie Kliethermes with the University of Iowa, Kliethermes anticipat- in how biostatistical data can be applied to children visiting the CHI Haiti health clinic ed landing a teaching career at a liberal arts the realm of patient care and used to improve near Arcahaie, Haiti. college. She applied for the biostatistician health and save lives. position she holds at SSOM on a whim, but An example of the real-world application now says that her heart has found a home here. of these concepts is Kliethermes’ work with She was hired as the first biostatistician in the “Statistics without Borders,” a pro bono service SSOM Clinical Research Office, in order to help organization conceptually similar to the well- medical investigators to design their research known “Doctors without Borders.” Statisticians protocols and analyze their data. However, her in this organization help scientists in devel- position has grown and changed, and she is oping countries to design research projects now Director of the newly formed Biostatistics and analyze and interpret health data in cases Center that also employs two Master’s level where local scientists may not have statistical statisticians. expertise themselves nor access to experts. Kliethermes takes both a holistic and social These clinical researchers are often working justice approach to her work in biostatistics on health problems critically affecting their and in helping medical researchers. The countries. physicians are experts in their fields, but they This year Kliethermes is volunteering with may need help with the technical aspects of health professionals from the Community research design, data analysis, and interpre- Health Initiative Haiti (chihaiti.org), an NGO tation of their results. Kliethermes and the providing health services for rural Haitians. Biostatistics Center staff work with medical With a mission based on the intersection of researchers across the SSOM campus, helping reason and justice, CHI Haiti’s premise is that it them to determine data collection protocols, is unjust to let people live in terrible physical perform sample size analyses, and analyze their conditions, poverty, and/or disease when data. Her expertise in helping investigators there are resources in the world that could write these sections of their grant proposals help them. CHI Haiti volunteers have estab- and publications has garnered her co-investi- lished several medical clinics in rural Haiti. gator status on seven federally-funded research Kliethermes will help the clinics transition to studies led by SSOM faculty. She also has an ap- an electronic medical records system, enabling pointment in the Department of Public Health them to serve more patients more efficaciously. Sciences, where she teaches a graduate course CHI Haiti’s philosophy is based on the medical in statistics for medical students who may not ethical principal of autonomy, i.e., that the be future investigators, but who as clinicians population served can best determine their need to be able to critically evaluate published communities’ critical health challenges and the medical research. best solutions; thus they train and employ local Two of Kliethermes’ passions are Bayesian citizens. (inferential) statistics and global public health, In 2012, 104 volunteers served over 5,400 and how the former can be used to promote Haitian patients. Having recently returned, vide a powerful tool to advance medicine and then becomes, how can medical biostatistical the latter. Given that the use of inferential Kliethermes described her experience in Haiti: thereby help people by improving health and data be used from a perspective of faith and statistics provides perhaps one of the ultimate “a country filled with so much beauty….it was potentially saving lives. She notes that “All kinds reason in the service of justice, in this case for examples of reason, how can medical research inspiring, difficult, honest, and real.” of data relevant to health issues are present helping people by improving their health?” This data be informed by the perspectives of faith Kliethermes believes that biostatistics pro- everywhere you look in society. The question question continually inspires her work.

6 LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/kliethermes ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 7 M. Therese Lysaught, PhD Professor and Associate Director, Institute of Pastoral Studies and Professor of Medical Ethics, Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics, Stritch School of Medicine

Medical Ethics in the Context of Faith: Health Injustice and Palliative Care

s a medical bioethicist, Professor end-of-life issues in Judeo-Christian culture and Therese Lysaught provides consulta- how they have changed. She teaches a course tion to health care systems on medical entitled “Beyond Theology: Ethics and Practice ethicsA issues and solutions to resolve them. In at the End of Life” to classes mostly comprised addition, her research interests have included of chaplains. Since chaplains are often called the anointing of the sick, gene therapy, human upon to assist with end-of-life issues for the embryonic stem cell research, and end-of-life terminally ill, they require a thorough under- issues. She is the author of more than 50 jour- standing of these issues in the context of faith. nal papers, articles, essays, book chapters, and Lysaught observes that in the U.S., the very idea several books on medical and bioethical issues of death is avoided, and the concept of “a good in the context of Catholic theology, the Catholic death” is virtually nonexistent. Thus, another perspective on moral theology, and theologi- issue addressed in her research is that of how cal perspectives on medical ethics. Her most we can improve the dignity and spiritual care of recent book, Caritas in Communion: Theological the terminally ill. Foundations of Catholic Health Care is a result The intersection of faith, reason, and justice of her year as a visiting scholar at the Catholic also underlies Lysaught’s applied work on social Health Association, where justice issues. While leading she studied theological a service immersion trip foundations of Catholic with Marquette students identity, principles of moral to Guatemala, Lysaught’s cooperation, and issues in colleague Professor Lars Ol- health care medical ethics son, a Marquette University as applied to for-profit engineer, identified a health health care settings. justice issue in the treatment Professor Therese Lysaught with Professor Lars Olson outside the clinic in Cacoapera, El Salvador. Olson holds As an expert in medical of respiratory problems. an early pedal-powered prototype of the Human-Powered Nebulizer. ethics in the context of Respiratory problems are Catholic theology, themes The Human-Powered Nebulizer (HPN) common there due to the of faith, reason, justice, and gets its power from a hand crank on use of indoor wood- and been shown in a clinical trial in El Salvador to be and access to care. Lysaught notes that in their intersection permeate the side of the device. Just like any coal-fired stoves, resulting as clinically efficacious as the electronic device. developing countries, 80 percent of medical Lysaught’s work. An exam- other nebulizer, the HPN converts in high levels of indoor air This is a practical and compassionate approach ethics dilemmas are related to access to care, ple is her research on the liquid medicine into a mist that can pollution that precipitates to a global health problem that builds on the whereas in developed countries such as the be inhaled deep into the lungs. role of faith in informing the the widespread occurrence Jesuit tradition of commitment to the poor and U.S., 80 percent of medical ethics quandaries are reasoning of medical ethics. of asthma, COPD and TB. to addressing injustices rooted in poverty. related to issues of treatment (e.g., withdrawing Western culture generally separates reason Symptoms are usually treated in a clinic with a Lysaught observes that many health justice life-support). and faith whereas Lysaught tries to overcome steam inhalant device called a nebulizer. How- issues in the developing world are not suffi- Lysaught uses the context of a faith-based this duality: “Even if science cannot explain all ever, there are few clinics in rural, developing ciently addressed by the four widely accepted perspective to challenge more traditional reality, that does not mean you can’t use reason contexts, and while available for home use, basic principles of medical ethics: autonomy approaches in the medical ethics field and to to ask questions about faith. We use the tools of the traditional nebulizer is electronic. Thus in (patient control of treatment), beneficence (do move it forward, such as, how can we apply faith science and reason to explore questions of faith resource-poor countries, only wealthy people the best for the patient), non-maleficence (“do to medical ethics dilemmas to advance the dig- but sometimes faith changes the way we ask having electricity have nebulizers at home. no harm”), and justice (equal distribution of nity and quality of care of ill people? From both the questions,” noting that in this way history Lysaught became involved when she helped health resources and treatment). The renowned a medical ethics perspective and her own work, may influence theology and vice versa. lead a second Marquette student immersion leader in global health, Paul Farmer, MD, PhD, Lysaught is keenly aware that the application Lysaught relies on reason as a tool to explore trip, this time to El Salvador. This trip catalyzed has characterized much of the focus on bioeth- of medical ethics to resolve health injustices in these themes, e.g., by using rigorous tech- the research team to develop the “Human-Pow- ics issues in the U.S. as “quandaries of the rich,” developing countries is challenging: “To do this niques in analyzing biblical scripture to trace ered Nebulizer.” This hand-cranked nebulizer is because they largely do not apply to impover- work, people often have to be more involved the evolution of religious attitudes toward easy-to-use, inexpensive, portable, and has now ished populations lacking medical technology and more determined than others.”

8 LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/lysaught ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 9 Mark G. Kuczewski, PhD Mark McIntosh, PhD Fr. Michael I. English, S.J., Professor of Medical Ethics, Professor of Christian Spirituality, Chair, Department of Medical Education, and Director, Neiswanger Department of Theology Institute for Bioethics, Stritch School of Medicine

Faith and Reason in Christian Finding God in the Patient: Historical Theology Jesuit Values in Medical Education and Care

t might be surprising to learn that a pro- are motivated towards “good” or “happiness” rofessor Mark Kuczewski began his believe that patients deserve the justice of the fessor of Christian Spirituality in Loyola’s in life in a deep sense, i.e., that they try to act career as a bioethicist somewhat by ac- best possible care. Theology Department counts the works in ways that are fulfilling to themselves and cident. As a PhD student in philosophy, Kuczewski feels that emphasis on the person Iof popular authors J.R.R. Tolkien and C. S. benefit others. But reason is crucial to this Phe anticipated an academic career as a scholar also promotes compassion in medical students' Lewis among his academic research interests. motivation, as people must work out how this of Plato, Aristotle, and similar early philoso- training and enhances their development Professor Mark McIntosh is interested in the is accomplished. At the same time, McIntosh phers. However, while writing his dissertation, toward becoming caring and empathetic physi- latent theological themes in Tolkien’s and Lewis’ thinks the motivation toward good must also be he was asked to teach an extension course cians. To that end, he and colleagues sought to fiction that may not be apparent to the average based on some kind of faith, otherwise it would in medical ethics (an area in which he had no incorporate the Ignatian tradition of self-reflec- lay reader. Scholars of both Tolkien and Lewis, be difficult to maintain in the face of adversity. background) to nursing students. He found a tion into the students’ training. The researchers who were contemporaries and friends (Tolkien In turn, reason gives people a rationale for trust- textbook to assign, but soon realized that the studied medical students’ experiences with and was instrumental in “converting” Lewis, formerly ing that they are correct in their beliefs. The textbook material bore little relevance to the reflections upon caring for dying patients and an atheist, to Catholicism) have argued that the loss of faith, and its motivation toward pursuit nurses’ experiences with patients. He threw out helping their families cope. For most students, works of both are allegorically theological. The of “good,” may lead to a hopeless pessimism. the textbook, letting the nurses’ experiences the experience was moving and inspired con- ring that is the unifying element in Tolkien’s Thus, as some existentialist philosophers have guide the class. Kuczewski found bioethics siderable reflection; a common student concern The Lord of the Rings trilogy, with its corruptive maintained, faith is the antidote to nihilism. intellectually intriguing, as well as appealing to was navigating between their own emotional power, has been regarded as a symbol of sin Mcintosh explores the themes of faith and his personal sense of justice. The experience responses to the patients and fear of desen- itself, while the powerful central figure of the reason in a course he designed entitled “Faith, changed his academic career; he recalls, “Those sitization to patients’ needs. Some students' rev- lion Aslan in Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia Reason, and the Happy Life.” In this course and nurses were my first teachers in bioethics.” elations were profound, vowing them to handle may represent a mythical symbol of God. The another he created entitled “Loyola’s Mission, Kuczewski’s work as a clinical bioethicist and similar cases differently in the future.1 study of Tolkien’s and Lewis’ works stems from Ignatian Traditions, and the Meaning of Life,” educator often involves him directly with the Another aspect of Kuczewski’s work is rooted McIntosh’s interest in the theological history of he challenges students to examine the role of experiences of medical students, health care in the pursuit of justice in civil rights. He and Christian spirituality and its relation to mystical these concepts in their contemplation of per- professionals, and patients. He believes that SSOM Dean Dr. Linda Brubaker (also profiled thought, which also led to his current projects sonal meaning in their lives. Both courses rely the Jesuit concept of “finding God in all things” herein, page 4) were instrumental in making as editor of the Oxford Handbook of Mystical heavily on the works of Plato, St. Augustine, St. is particularly relevant to patient care. Medical the SSOM the first U.S. medical school to accept Theology, and the book he is writing entitled The Thomas, and St. Ignatius Loyola, great thinkers students are trained to care for patients at undocumented student applicants eligible Mind of God: Divine Ideas in Christian Theology who deeply explored what it means to be hu- vulnerable times when hospitalized and very ill for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and Mysticism. man. In his experience, issues of faith and moral or dying, while at the same time the students (DACA) program, known as “Dreamers,” in 2012. These and some of McIntosh’s other works1 philosophy are personal for many students and are learning the scientific aspects of medicine Seven Dreamer students entered the 2014 class include references to faith and reason in Chris- often avoided in the classroom. The Jesuit intel- based on population statistics. Further, the (graduating in 2018), followed by 14 in 2015.2 tian theological history. He notes that in mod- lectual tradition encourages personal reflection culture of medical science emphasizes factual (DACA allows these students to procure a work ern Western culture faith and reason are often on such issues, creating an atmosphere for dia- knowledge and statistically removes individual permit and a social security number, enabling juxtaposed. However, the Catholic intellectual logue and engendering thought and discussion variation from medical data, eliminating consid- them to become practicing physicians.) This tradition has long embraced the interdepen- far beyond course content. eration of the individual person. However, the pioneering action earned Loyola the “Moral dence of these concepts. McIntosh references The concept of faith as both a set of beliefs tenet of “God in all things,” including people, Courage Award” from the activist organization St. Thomas Aquinas, who found an analogy be- and the act of believing is explored in both would deem such a premise false. It follows Faith in Public Life. tween the faith and reason relationship and that classes, as well as contributions of faith and pur- that caring for patients may be regarded as a Kuczewski observes, “Often in academia, of theology and philosophy. St. Thomas argued suit of good in achieving happiness. The courses sacred obligation, a view encouraged in the we do research and write about injustice, but that theology comes from God and is inherently are designed to encourage students to think Stritch School of Medicine’s (SSOM) curriculum. we seldom get a chance to actually CHANGE based on faith, whereas philosophy attempts to about what they ultimately want to learn about The SSOM’s philosophy of medical education something ... These students’ lives have been explain the world based on reason (by man). St. life’s meaning and thus address the “big ques- is based on Jesuit values that lie at the inter- profoundly changed ... There will be countless Thomas viewed philosophy as serving theology, tions” about finding fulfillment and purpose in section of faith, reason, and justice. The view of patients ... whose lives will be touched by these thus faith and reason served as two comple- life. McIntosh finds that teaching such courses “God in all things” encourages medical students students as physicians.” The success of the mentary ways in which man could know God. is thought-provoking for all involved: What he to see God in the patients they treat, and where Dreamer student initiative has contributed to McIntosh believes that faith and reason may finds most rewarding about being a faculty possible, to develop a spiritual partnership Kuczewski’s feeling of being “fortunate to be have a dynamic relationship in people’s search member at Loyola is “helping students to ask with them. Students are urged to consider the at Loyola,” characterizing it as “the best thing I for meaning in life. He feels that most people the big questions and to explore the answers.” individual needs of patients holistically and to have been involved with in my career.”

1 McIntosh, M. Mystical Theology: The Integration of Spiritual and Theology (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998), and McIntosh, M. Discernment and Truth: The 1 Detailed results can be found in Kuczewski, M. G. et al, “I will never let that be OK again:” Student reflections on competent spiritual care for dying Spirituality and Theology of Knowledge patients. Academic Medicine, Vol. 89, No. 1 / January 2014 2 http://ssom.luc.edu/daca/

10 LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/mcintosh LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/kuczewski ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 11 Mark Bosco, S.J., PhD Director, Joan and Bill Hank Center for the Catholic Intellectual Heritage, and Associate Professor, Departments of English and Theology

Faith in Culture and Society: Literature, Sacred Sites, and Interfaith Dialogue

ather Mark Bosco’s diverse interests relat- He teaches a course called “Catholicism and ed to religion include the manifestation Pilgrimage” on Loyola’s Rome campus that of faith in culture and society, such as fic- includes field trips to ancient Roman religious Ftional literature and religious sites and symbols, sites and touches on his interest in the roots of the use of religion for political purposes, and the religious violence and the related phenomenon contribution of interreligious dialogue to social of destruction of sacred sites. Some questions change. His PhD in Theology is based on his examined in the course include: What makes a graduate work at Berkeley on the intersection site sacred? Why destroy sacred sites? Why is the of theology and literature that characterizes destruction of a sacred site so devastating to its works of some notable 20th century authors, faithful? This tactic has a long history in which and how theological values can influence and believers of one religion seek to convert or de- be captured in fictional literature. stroy practitioners of another, including during Twentieth-century literary icons Graham the Christian Crusades; a recent example is the Greene and Flannery O’Connor are two Taliban’s destruction of the ancient Buddhist examples of authors whose work Bosco has statues in Afghanistan. studied extensively from a Catholic theological While the extent to which cultural and perspective. A devout Catholic, Greene wrote national identities are based in religion varies four major “Catholic” novels and also wove theo- widely around the world, sacred sites exist logical themes into some of his other works. The in virtually every faith, with some revered “Catholic” novels in particular are relevant to for thousands of years. Visiting a sacred site the intersection of faith, reason, and justice in remains meaningful to many today: millions that they depict human frailties and individual of people continue traditional pilgrimages to struggles against the human capacity for evil sites around the world representing historical and sin in a Catholic context. collective beliefs that evoke emotional, spiritual, Above: One of the towering Buddhas of Bamiyan carved into a cliff wall in central Afghanistan. Also a Catholic, O’Connor’s literary works and reflective experiences, even for those of a Inset: This monument, built in 554 AD and over 170 feet tall, was destroyed by the Taliban in 2011. were composed within the context of and set different (or no) faith. Photo by John C. Huntington, courtesy of The Huntington Photographic Archive at The Ohio State University. Inset, Getty photo against the backdrop of the Jim Crow deep Given that religion is the force that gives the south, and were influenced by her faith through deepest and most profound meaning to life Catholic intellectual, theological, and cultural logue. In recent years Judaism, Buddhism, and frequent examinations of ethics and morality, for most people, the destruction of sacred sites heritage, Bosco is examining how faith is contin- Islam have been examined through the lecture and occasionally, race. Both authors’ works can have psychologically devastating effects ually found and revealed in theological academ- and by engagement of faculty and students are on the reading list for Bosco’s “Religion and on the targeted group. While religious identity ic discourse, and how Catholic theology and in smaller group seminars with the visiting Literature” course, along with selections from is strongly associated with cultural identity in thought on the relationship between faith, rea- scholars. The program seeks to address ques- the Bible and Islamic religious poetry, among many societies, in no case is it more paramount son, and justice can be used to foster inter-reli- tions such as: Is there anything in the Catholic other works. With support from the Flannery to cultural identity than in a theocracy; his- gious dialogue and to effect social change. As intellectual tradition that fosters inter-religious O’Connor Trust, Bosco is producing a docu- torically the most frequent origins of religious Director of the Center for the Catholic Intellec- dialogue? How can Catholic thought be used mentary about O’Connor in collaboration with intolerance and violence are theocracies (or in tual Heritage (CCIH), Bosco is able to combine to effect social change the world? How can Elizabeth Coffman, PhD, Assistant Professor the process of forming one in the case of ISIS). his interest in the contribution of the Catholic inter-religious dialogue promote tolerance and of Documentary Studies in Loyola’s School of Religious violence and the destruction of sacred intellectual tradition to interfaith dialogue and reduce religious violence? Communication, which is expected to air on PBS sites involves the intersection of faith, reason, social change with activities that concurrently Regardless of the medium – classes, lectures, in fall of 2016. and justice, in that faith and interpretations serve the CCIH mission. An example is the texts, sites, or documentaries – Bosco values Bosco also sees an intersection between of holy scriptures may be used as a source of CCIH’s “Catholicism in Dialogue” program, which an interdisciplinary approach to explorations sites and symbols of religion and the relation- “reason” that justifies such actions. brings scholars of other world religions to the of the intersections of faith, reason, and justice. ships among faith, identity, and action, and is History shows that the antidote to religious CCIH to present a public lecture on the relation- The insights garnered through this lens should particularly interested in how and why religious violence is the fostering and perpetration of a ship between Catholicism and that the scholar’s stimulate important conversations to help us violence and the destruction of sacred sites culture of religious tolerance, a capacity valued faith, in order to examine contributions of major understand the role of faith in cultural identity and artifacts are used for political purposes. in the Catholic, Jesuit tradition. In studying the religions to the promotion of inter-religious dia- and change.

12 LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/bosco ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 13 David Yellen, JD Dean and Professor of Law, Loyola University Chicago School of Law

Legal Education toward a More Just Society

s a college student, Dean David Yellen volunteered as a tutor for youth in juvenile detention. Seeing that most Aof the detained teens were from disadvantaged backgrounds and that the odds were “stacked against them” created an early awareness of social justice. Thus began Yellen’s interest in the law, legal, and judicial systems and promotion of justice that combined to lead to a legal career and specializations in criminal law and legal education. He is well-suited to leading a law school that embodies Loyola’s mission of social justice and service through both education and practice. While many law schools combine legal education with community service programs, Loyola’s law school is unique in the number, breadth, magnitude, and multidisciplinary The 2014-2015 PROLAW class nature of educational service programs. The Health Justice Project trains law students to help low-income, minority groups to access ployment training, and provide pro bono legal programs, which provide hands-on learning in law students volunteer in the law school legal health care via a medical-legal partnership assistance, gaining valuable judicial system real-world settings (courtrooms, government clinics or in Chicago service nonprofits. In these between the School of Law and the Erie Family experience in the process.1 agencies, and NGO advocacy and service agen- settings and the classroom, they learn cognitive Health Center. The Erie Center serves over The most unique of these initiatives is the cies) that effect tangible outcomes. skills that cut across legal specializations, 60,000 low-income patients annually with LLM in Rule of Law for Development Program, Yellen himself is also involved in a high-pro- including use of logic, reasoning, systematic participating students also from medicine, known at Loyola as PROLAW®. Located on file local legal inquiry: In 2014 he was appointed analysis, informed judgment, objectivity, and social work, and public health collaborating to the Rome campus, this program grants LLM Cook County’s “Special Master” investigator by the subsequent ability to argue any case from address barriers to health care of low-income (Master of Laws) degrees to international the Criminal Division to identify individuals who any side, relate it to relevant law or precedent, individuals. The Civitas ChildLaw Center (further students seeking to advance rule of law in their may have been victims of torture by former and formulate compelling arguments. Yellen described on page 5) promotes children’s rights, countries. This program is distinctive in being Chicago Police Commander Jon Burge (who believes that “The most crucial skill that any law provides legal representation for children and both faith-based and in promoting equitable allegedly victimized over 200 mostly black school can teach its students is how to ‘think parents, and trains law students and child civil governance on a global scale. PROLAW detainees). Yellen2 and a group of law students like a lawyer.’ ” welfare professionals in pediatric law and child represents a combination of the promotion of are combing through thousands of records to Yellen believes that having four service learn- advocacy. Jesuit values, justice, human rights, and global locate incarcerated potential victims who may ing programs in a single law program could In the law school’s Life After Innocence (LAI) leadership that is the only program of its kind. be entitled to re-trial, civil action, or reparation only happen at Loyola and is due to the “moral project, law students assist exonerated former With support from the Bill and Melinda Gates (a number Burge’s victims’ prior convictions compass” of Loyola that comes directly from its prisoners to re-enter society. While several law Foundation, PROLAW graduated its first class of were reversed, dismissed, or pardoned).3 Jesuit faith-based mission. As a result, he feels school-based “innocence” projects around the legal scholars in 2012. The programs described above have guided that there are “completely different kinds of country seek to free the wrongfully convicted, All four of these distinctive service education many Loyola law students into legal public conversations, dialogues, programs, and actions LAI is the only law school program in the U.S. programs were implemented under Yellen’s service. However, Yellen observes that students that occur here” as compared to his previous ex- serving exonerated inmates after release, who leadership. It is not surprising that Yellen was come to law school for different reasons and perience at secular institutions. He feels “much in most cases are discharged with no financial named the fifth most influential person in U.S. not all gravitate to public interest law. But the more connected” to Loyola than in his previous support or services assistance. Law students legal education by the National Jurist in 2015. law school’s pervasive culture of social justice posts and fortunate to be in an environment help former inmates with records expunge- Loyola’s law school is likely the only one in and service ensures that all Loyola law students that so aptly reflects his personal motivation to ment, finding housing, counseling, and em- the nation to have institutionalized four such will value the ideal of a just society. Most Loyola “contribute to creating a more just world.”

1 The plight of exonerated inmates was recently examined on “60 Minutes” (cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-life-after-death-row-exoneration/) 2 Due to the statute of limitations, Burge could not be charged with the torture allegations, and served less than four years on related lesser charges. 3 In 2015 the City of Chicago agreed to pay a total of $5.5 million in reparations to Burge’s victims.

14 LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LEARN MORE: LUC.edu/endeavors/yellen ENDEAVORS • 2016-2017 15 Resources for Further Study and Information on the Role of Faith, Justice, and Reason in Jesuit Higher Education

LAKE SHORE CAMPUS 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660

THE JOAN AND BILL HANK P 773.508.3820 CENTER FOR THE CATHOLIC E [email protected] THE ARC OF THE MORAL UNIVERSE IS LONG, INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE W LUC.edu/ccih Cuneo Hall 428 ‘‘ BUT IT BENDS TOWARD JUSTICE. — DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. ’’ DEPARTMENT P 773.508.2350 OF THEOLOGY E [email protected] Crown Center 300 W LUC.edu/theology

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