Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2013) 37: 768-772 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1211-37

Two new species and 2 first records of the genus Rambur, 1842 (Trichoptera: ) from the Indian Himalayas

Sajad Hussain PAREY*, Malkiat Singh SAINI Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India

Received: 30.11.2012 Accepted: 08.07.2013 Published Online: 04.10.2013 Printed: 04.11.2013

Abstract: Two new species of the genus Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842 from the Indian Himalayas are described and illustrated, namely Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov. from Tato (Arunachal Pradesh) and Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov. from Mechuka (Arunachal Pradesh). Lepidostoma liber Malicky, 2007 from Loomla (Arunachal Pradesh) and Lepidostoma simplex Kimmins, 1964 from Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand) are first reported from India. With this addition of these 4 species, the genus Lepidostoma is now represented by 45 species from India.

Key words: Description, diagnosis, , Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand

1. Introduction In India, this genus is represented by 41 species. Of these The family Lepidostomatidae is widely distributed 41 species, 17 species of Lepidostoma have been described throughout the northern hemisphere and extends by Mosely (1939, 1941, 1949a, 1949b, 1949c); 5 species southwards to Panama, New Guinea, and the by Martynov (1936); 2 species each by Malicky (1979, Afrotropical region. It was originally described by 2003), McLachlan (1871, 1878), Ulmer (1905, 1906), and Ulmer (1903) as a subfamily of Sericostomatidae. It is Weaver (1989, 2002); and 1 species by Navás (1932). One divided into 2 subfamilies: Lepidostomatinae Ulmer, species originally described from Thailand has also been 1903 and Theliopsychinae Weaver, 1993. Subfamily reported from India (Assam) (Nuntakwang et al., 2007). Lepidostomatinae is represented by 2 genera in India, One species, Lepidostoma palmipes (Ito, 1986), originally Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842 and Paraphlegopteryx Ulmer, described from Nepal, has also been reported from India 1907. The subfamily Theliopsychinae contains a single (Yang and Weaver, 2002). Saini and Parey (2011) described genus from this region, Zephyropsyche Weaver, 1993. 4 new species of this genus in India. Parey and Saini (2012) Ross (1944) synonymized nearly all of the Nearctic again described 4 new species of this genus from the lepidostomatid genera within Lepidostoma. Weaver (1988) Indian Himalayas. provided a synopsis of the then-known North American species and a review of the world species (Weaver, 2002), 2. Materials and methods where he synonymized several genera with this genus, Specimens examined in this study were primarily collected using a 1-W UV (ultraviolet or “black”) light powered by formerly separated by secondary sexual characters of a sealed rechargeable 12-V battery. Traps were placed near the male. With a long list of 63 synonyms under this the edges of some high altitude streams for 1–3 h beginning genus, Weaver (2002) divided it into 4 large species at dusk. The caddisfly material so collected was killed and branches based on the general types of male forewing preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol with a drop of glycerin venation that differ primarily in the anal region. These added. To make detailed studies, the male genitalia were branches include the monophyletic Lepidostoma vernale removed with the help of fine-tipped forceps and were branch, the nonmonophyletic L. podagrum branch, the treated with the lactic acid procedure described by Blahnik nonmonophyletic L. ferox branch, and the monophyletic L. et al. (2007). The genitalic terminology corresponds with hirtum branch (Weaver, 2002). The Indian species of genus that of Weaver (1988). The type specimens are deposited Lepidostoma fall under 2 branches: the L. ferox branch and in the Museum of the Department of Zoology, Punjabi the L. hirtum branch. University, Patiala, India. * Correspondence: [email protected] 768 PAREY and SAINI / Turk J Zool

3. Results Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov. (as shown in Figures Genus Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842 7–11) Type species: Lepidostoma squamulosum Rambur, 1842: Male in alcohol brown. Antennal scapes (Figure 11) 493–494 (designated by Ross, 1944). each 1.4 mm (n = 1), with tiny dorsal projection at mid- Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov. (as shown in Figures length. Maxillary palps each (Figure 11) 0.98 mm (n = 1), 1–6) 2-segmented, basal segment 3× longer than distal one. Male in alcohol brown, head densely covered with Length of each forewing 7.8 mm (n = 1), venation similar dark brown hairs. Antennal scapes (Figure 5) each 2.4 as in L. curvatum. mm (n = 1) long, with a single basal process. Maxillary Male genitalia (as shown in Figures 7–10): Segment IX palps (Figure 5) each 0.96 mm (n = 1), 2-segmented, basal annular, posterodorsally extraordinarily bulged, acute at segment longer than distal segment, both segments curved its center, sides somewhat triangular in dorsal view (Figure upward into c-shaped structure; distal segment hidden by 7); anterolateral and posterolateral margins concave in long tuft of setae. Forewings each with venation (Figure 6), lateral view (Figure 9); posteroventrally truncate in ventral pseudocell as long as anal groove. view (Figure 8). Segment X excised at its center forming Male genitalia (as shown in Figures 1–4): Segment IX 2 pairs of processes; dorsolateral processes triangular and annular, roundly produced in middle of posterodorsal and dorsomesal processes rounded in dorsal and lateral views posteroventral margins (Figures 1 and 2); anterolateral and (Figures 7 and 9), apex of each process bearing setae, dorsomesal and dorsolateral processes separated from posterolateral margins nearly straight, parallel in lateral each other by wide space, dorsomesal processes close view (Figure 3). Segment X deeply and widely excised at together (Figure 7); in lateral view segment X broad at base its center, forming pair of plates, each plate broad at its and notched at tip, dorsolateral processes each slender, base with dorsolateral process slightly longer and pointed, triangular (Figure 9). Inferior appendages each single- whereas dorsomesal process with rounded apex, both segmented and cylindrical near base, abruptly narrowed in apices bearing long setae (Figure 1); laterally segment X slender apically blunt apicodorsal process slightly longer rounded, its upper surface with irregular bumps bearing than second process, basodorsal process digitate in lateral long setae, dorsolateral process of segment X triangular, view (Figure 9). Phallus with phallobase dilated, phallicata projecting from center of this segment (Figure 3). Inferior cylindrical, parameres absent. appendages each rectangular, apices branched, branches Diagnosis: Also a species in the L. ferox branch nearly equal in length, basodorsal process of each inferior (Weaver, 2002), the male of this species resembles that appendage nearly cylindrical, apex slightly enlarged, of Lepidostoma betteni (Martynov, 1936), but it can be apically pointed. Phallicata apically dilated and phallobase differentiated from the latter by having scapes straight truncate in lateral view; 2 parameres long, nearly straight, (scapes curved in Lepidostoma betteni); maxillary palps and subparallel, nearly as long as phallicata. each 2-segmented, first segment straight and second Diagnosis: The new species is a species of the apically slightly curved (maxillary palp apparently single- Lepidostoma ferox branch (Weaver, 2002), with an anal segmented and curved upwards in Lepidostoma betteni); groove and pseudocell in the male forewing. The male segment IX triangular near sides in dorsal view (segment of this species resembles that of Lepidostoma assamense IX rounded near sides in dorsal view in Lepidostoma (Mosely, 1949b), but it can be differentiated from the betteni); segment X narrowly excised near center in latter by having the single basal process of each antenna dorsal view (segment X broadly excised near center in very short and adjacent to the eye (longer and one-third Lepidostoma betteni); dorsolateral process of segment distance from the eye of L. assamense); the male forewing X acutely produced (dorsolateral process of segment X vein Cu1 is separate from the fold of Cu2 from the wing slightly triangular of Lepidostoma betteni); basodorsal base (these veins are combined in a fold from the wing base process digitate in lateral view (basodorsal process slender in L. assamense); segment X is longer than in L. assamense in lateral view in Lepidostoma betteni). and its dorsolateral processes are pointed (rounded in L. Female: Unknown. assamense). Etymology: This species is named after its type locality. Female: Unknown. Material examined: Holotype male INDIA: Arunachal Etymology: This species name pertains to the distinctly Pradesh: Mechuka, 3600 m, 29-iv-2010, collector Sajad H curved basal segment of each maxillary palp. Parey. Holotype deposited in the Museum of Zoology and Material examined: Holotype male INDIA: Arunachal Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India. Pradesh; Tato, 3200 m, 28-iv-2010, collector Sajad H New species records for India: Parey. Holotype deposited in the Museum of Zoology and Lepidostoma liber Malicky: (Description and figures by Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India. Malicky 2007, p. 490, plate 11).

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IF

P

X PH

IX

Fgure 1

Fgure 2

S

BDP

MP

Fgure 5 Fgure 3 LP

P Fgure 4

PH

1

2

5

Anal groove Pseudocell Fgure 6 Figure 1. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia; dorsal view. IF = inferior appendage, X = segment X, IX = segment IX. Figure 2. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia; ventral view. P = paramere; PH = phallicata. Figure 3. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia; left lateral view. BDP = basodorsal process of an inferior appendage. Figure 4. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., male genitalia, phallic apparatus; left lateral view. P = paramere; PH = phallicata. Figure 5. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., head, antennal scape, and palps; right lateral view. S = antennal scape; MP = maxillary palp; LP = labial palp. Figure 6. Lepidostoma curvatum sp. nov., right forewing; dorsal view. 1, 2, 5 = apical cells 1, 2, and 5.

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Fgure 7 Fgure 8

Fgure 11 Fgure 9

Fgure 10

Figure 7. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia; dorsal view. Figure 8. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia; ventral view. Figure 9. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia; left lateral view. Figure 10. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., male genitalia, phallic apparatus; left lateral view. Figure 11. Lepidostoma mechukaense sp. nov., head, antennal scape, and palps; right lateral view.

Material examined: India 2 males: Arunachal Pradesh, Acknowledgements Loomla, 07-x-2010, collector Sajad H Parey. The authors are highly thankful to Dr JC Morse (Clemson Lepidostoma simplex Kimmins, 1964: (Description and University, USA) for his manifold help. Without his kind figures by Kimmins, 1964, pp. 54–55, figures 48–51). support and encouragement this work would not have been Material examined: India 4 males: Uttarakhand, possible. The authors are also thankful to the University Pithoragarh, 13-vi-2008, collector Sajad H Parey. Grants Commission, New Delhi, for providing financial

771 PAREY and SAINI / Turk J Zool assistance in carrying out this work. Help rendered by is thankfully acknowledged. Necessary laboratory facilities other scholars, Dr Rifat H Raina, Vikram Singh Rathore, provided by Punjabi University, Patiala, are thankfully put Muzamil Ahmad, Lakhwinder Kaur, and Manpreet Singh, on record.

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