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The Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 1 Parts 1-10

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The Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 1 Parts 1-10 The Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 1 Parts 1-10 Maiden, J. H. (Joseph Henry) University of Sydney Library Sydney, Australia 1999 http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/badham © University of Sydney Library. The texts and images are not to be used for commercial purposes without permission. Illustrations have been included from the print version. Source Text: Prepared from the print edition publishded by William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer Sydney 1904 J.H.Maiden, Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Volume 1 includes Parts 1 to 10. All quotation marks retained as data. All unambiguous end-of-line hyphens have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line. Images exist as archived TIFF images, one or more JPG and GIF images for general use. Australian Etexts botany natural history 1890-1909 26th July 1999 Final Checking and Parsing Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 1: Parts I-X Sydney William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer 1904 PREFACE. THERE are about 450 trees in New South Wales, including Eucalypts. Until the State is more fully explored from a botanical point of view, we shall not be in a position to precisely define the number of species of plants indigenous to New South Wales which attain a height of, say, 25 feet. It is felt that nought but good can spring from an extended knowledge of these trees, and of the timbers and other products yielded by them. The object of this work is to depict the botanical characters of each tree, and to furnish all the available information in regard to it. There is no doubt that residents in the bush will welcome means of testing the information thus given, and of adding to the stock of knowledge. This country has been settled for little more than a century, and the greater part of it for less than that. We possess a large endemic vegetation, and it is not a matter for surprise that our knowledge of many of our trees comes far short of that of those of long settled countries. When we have precision in the discrimination of our trees and of our timbers, accurate knowledge of them by the timber- getter, saw-miller, timber merchant, and user generally will advance by leaps and bounds. Again, some of the trees are remarkable for their beauty, and many of them are of high botanical interest. Large numbers of them have already been proved to be of considerable economic importance. I have long been of opinion that the better our timbers and trees are known, the better many of them will be esteemed. Let us first consider the living tree. If we know our trees better, the first step will have been gained towards what has been understood as a "botanical survey" of our forests. Of very few species do we know the precise geographical range. Then, in particular districts, we require to know the approximate sizes of the trees, and the number to the acre of merchantable trees; when they flower (this is of interest to bee-keepers and others); when they fruit (this is of interest to seed-getters and those who desire to propagate them, and whose efforts are often nipped in the bud through inability to obtain seed). The economic importance as regards their planting in special situations, e.g., as wind breaks, on the sea coast, in swampy land, in the and interior, has not yet been realised. It is a fact that exotic trees are often cultivated simply because their seeds are more readily obtainable than those of the native species. What do we know of the problems underlying the ringbarking of many species? There is much room for research here, which will be aided when people are able to diagnose the trees with precision. Now let us consider the trees from the point of view of their timber. Have we not much to learn in regard to their durability? For example, as fence-posts, for mining, and other purposes. Closely associated with this are problems concerning methods for the artificial preservation of timber. Then we require many more experiments on the strength of timber, and in regard to its seasoning. How little do we really know about timber pests, and the best methods of combating with them, e.g., the Teredo (Cobra), the white ant, and dry rot. Directly proceeding from the above, have we not much to learn in regard to the adaptability of our timbers to some of the commonest uses ; and in regard to special uses, let me draw attention to wood-paving, an industry which can be much developed; parquet flooring; timbers for carriage-building; for wood-engraving (of much less importance than formerly); for carving; for the backs of brushes; for wine and other casks; for butter kegs and boxes. Then there are important possibilities in regard to the utilisation of our timbers for wood- pulp, and to a less extent for fish-curing. Again, much of our knowledge in regard to the value of the ashes of timbers is quite superficial. I am satisfied that a useful minor industry to be explored is that of walking-sticks and umbrella handles. And this list might be extended to a wearisome length. It is hoped that this work will merit the support of all classes of citizens, not only those engaged in the pursuits of forestry and the various industries connected with timber, but all gardeners and amateurs who plant trees ; also botanists, and those who are content with the less pleasing designation of lovers of flowers and of our vegetation. It is proposed to issue this work in parts, each part consisting of four plates (and occasionally five or six, where there is necessity for two or three plates to depict a particular species). About eight parts may be issued during the year. The price is one shilling per part, or ten shillings per dozen parts, payable in advance. Each part will be complete in itself. If the support of the public should render such a course necessary, publication of the work will be expedited. The plates are executed by Miss Margaret Flockton, and I have received valuable aid from Mr. Ernst Betche and Miss S. Hynes, my botanical assistants at the Botanic Gardens. The work is issued at the cost and under the auspices of the Forest Department. J. H. M. December, 1902. Part I. Joseph Henry Maiden The Forest Flora of New South Wales Part I Sydney William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer 1902 Published by the Forest Department of New South Wales, under authority of the Honourable the Secretary for Lands. Price, 1/- per Part, or 10/- per dozen Parts, payable in advance. No. 1: Grevillea robusta, A. Cunn. The Silky Oak. (Natural Order PROTEACEÆ.) Botanical description. — Genus, Grevillea, R.Br. Flowers. — Hermaphrodite. Corollaa . — Irregular or regular, the tube revolute or curved under the limb or straight and slender, the limb globular or rarely ovoid, usually oblique, the laminae usually cohering long after the tube has opened. Anthers. — All perfect, ovate, sessile in the base of the concave laminea, the connective not produced beyond the cells. Hypogynous glands. — United in a single semi-annular or semi-circular gland occupying the upper (often the shortest) side of the torus or rarely completely annular surrounding the ovary, or altogether wanting. Ovary. — Stipitate or rarely sessile, with two amphitropous ovules laterally attached about the middle. Style. — Filiform, or somewhat dilated, usually long and protruding from the slit on the lower side of the perianth tube before the summit is set free from the limb, ultimately straightened and erect, or in a few species of Lissostyles and Conogyne remaining hooked; more or less dilated at the end into a straight oblique or lateral cone or disk bearing the small stigma in the centre of the disk or at the summit of the cone. Fruit. — A follicle, usually oblique with the ventral suture curved, either coriaceous and opening along the upper margin, or rarely woody and opening almost or quite in two valves. Seeds. — One or two, flat orbicular or oblong bordered all round by a membranous wing or narrowly winged at the end or outer margin only or entirely wingless. Hard shrubs or trees. Leaves. — Alternate, very diversified in shape. Flowers. — In pairs along the rhachis of a short and umbel-like or elongated raceme, rarely reduced to a single pair; the racemes either terminal or also axillary, rarely all axillary. The indumentum. usually consists of closely appressed hairs attached by the centre, rarely of erect or spreading hairs, and then usually forked at the base or clustered. (B.Fl., v. 417.) The genus Grevillea is a very large one, approaching 200 species. It is almost peculiar to Australia, seven or eight species occurring in New Caledonia. It includes many beautiful flowering plants; occurs in the dry interior and the moist coast districts. Most of the species are small shrubs. G. robusta is the largest of the genus. Botanical description. — species, G. robusta. — A. Cunn., in R.Br., Prot., Nov. 24. A tree sometimes small and slender, sometimes robust and 80 to 100 feet high, the young branches hoary or ferruginous-tomentose. Leaves. — Pinnate with about eleven to twelve pinnatifid pinnae, the secondary lobes or segments entire or again lobed, lanceolate or rarely linear, often above 1 inch long, the margins recurved, glabrous above or sprinkled with appressed hairs and obscurely veined; silky underneath, the whole leaf 6 to 8 inches long and nearly as broad.
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