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THE VALUE OF AWARDED DESIGN IN REAL ESTATE ASSET PRICING The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Minkoo Kang 1 ABstract Awarded design is based on the achievement of This study investigates the architect/architecture firm receiving prestigious the financial performance awards from the industry. To measure financial performance, I use several datasets, RCA, of awarded architectural Compstak, and NYC public data for New York design for commercial City. To identify awarded design and compare it to non-awarded design, I employ a matched-pair office buildings in analysis. I find 846 building transactions with 89 Manhattan, New York. awarded design transactions that are matched geographically to 757 nonawarded design transactions within a quarter mile radius over the 2000 to 2017 period. The results of the multivariate hedonic analysis suggest that, office buildings designed by awarded architects have a statistically and economically significant transaction premium of 23.1 percent, ceteris paribus, with a model that explains just under 90 percent of the variation in transaction price. Results of this analysis are intended as way for designers to have agency in the design build development practice and for developers and investors to understand the value of engaging in awarded design effects ■ The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development 2 Table of Contents III studying THE value OF DESIGN methods I SETTING THE ARCHITECTURAL data STAGE IDENTIFYING awarded OBstacle & INTENTION architects & FIRMS II WHY (still) NY? control group data WHY now: descriptive statistics CURRENT climate OF DESIGN IN THE Built environment methodology MONEY & DESIGN: results: how finance/economics awarded DESIGNS AND DEFINE DESIGN transaction PRICES stepping stone conclusion The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development 3 01 SETTING THE ARCHITECTURAL STAGE The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development NEW YORk 2020: A SEA OF DESIGN As part of its latest development report, real estate agency Cityrealty reported while fewer devel- opers in 2016 are signing on to build sky-grazing towers, condominium prices are still on an upward trajectory with antic- ipated sales totaling roughly $30 billion through 2019. Source: A look into the future: a render of Manhattan. Photograph: CityRealty The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Setting the Architectural Stage 5 w OBSTACLES From Single Discipline Set of Understandings REAL ESTATE ARCHITECTURE INVESTMENT DESIGN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DESIGN Design is no longer The real estate development Design is multi-faceted, a foreign concept for industry is actively re-inventing highly specialized, investors. their relationship with design. and interdisciplinary The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Setting the Architectural Stage 6 w INTENTION To a Shared Knowledge Platform INVESTMENT & DESIGN REAL ESTATE ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT This study intend to broaden the scope of understanding the value of design by adding substantially more driving factors in the real estate transaction pricing process. The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Setting the Architectural Stage 7 OBSTACLES & INTENTION In recent years, due to increased market educa- From Single Discipline tion and growth in number of leading examples, Set of Understandings investing in high quality design became a stan- dard for the real estate market in New York City. To a Shared Knowledge Despite the growing interest, however, a limited Platform number of studies and discussions have been generated to help create a shared value sur- rounding the subject of design. INVESTMENT To resolve this issue, we find and measure the architectural legacy of the architects of New York City buildings and pair that with financial data. This study intend to broaden the scope of under- standing the value of design by adding substan- tially more driving factors in the real estate trans- DESIGN action pricing process by incorporating buyer and seller decisions for all of the transactions over time, specifying the type of awards, and adding information on architects to every building in the REAL ESTATE ARCHITECTURE sample data set. The added measures improved DEVELOPMENT our model's ability to explain the variation in trans- action price ■ The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Setting the Architectural Stage 8 02 WHY (STILL) NEW YORK? The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development The year 2018, marked the highest construction spending New York has ever witnessed in its history. The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Why (Still) New York? 10 w FIGURE 1 Annual Construction Spending in New York City, 2001-2020 (in billion) 60 Government 40 30 Non-residential 20 10 Residential 5 Source: Dodge Data & Analyt- ics, NYS Department of Laber, public sec- tor capital budgets. 0 U.S. Census Bureau, Urbanomics 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Why (Still) New York? MSRED 2019 11 As of June 2018, buyers of the condominiums designed by Pritzker prize laureates paid an average $3,126 / SF The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Why (Still) New York? 12 w FIGURE 2 Star-Architect Condo Price Change Summary During Past 5 Years Current Price Avg. Price/Ft2 based on 138 closings in the past 12 months 3000 3015 3097 2782 2787 2500 2517 2000 1969 Source: 1500 CityRealty Starchitect Condo Index (https:// www.cityrealty.com/ nyc/building-indices/ 0 starchitect-condos/ building-list/112) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Why (Still) New York? MSRED 2019 2019 13 NYC OPEN data law The continuing effort to open the city’s database encouraged and boosted researchers to better understand the built environment, as demonstrat- ed in “Open Data Law”, NYC’s recent endeavor to consolidate all public data into a single, eas- ily-accessible platform. The database and the advanced data processing technology available today is opening a new horizon in understanding the price dynamics of the building industry in any given time ■ Analytics Analytics Source: Twitter, https://twitter. com/mikebloomberg/ status/44375346548 8367617?lang=en The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Why (Still) New York? 14 03 WHY NOW: CURRENT CLIMATE OF DESIGN IN THE BUILT- ENVIRONMENT The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development DESIGN development companies IN NEW yorK The real estate development industry is actively re-inventing their relationship with design. The two most well known design development companies in New York are Alloy Development and ddg, established in 2006 and 2009 respectively, have archi- tects as owners/partners of the Mortar Arch + Dev ALLOY Development LLC DDG Partners business. Similar to the role of (2003) (2006) (2009) creative directors in the fash- ion industry, they take charge in managing the design from its inception to completion on behalf CEO Chairman CEO President of the development company’s (Architecture) (Finance) (Finance) (Development) interest. Founder (Architecture & Development) President COO Chief Creative Officer (Architecture & Construction) (Development & (CCO, Architecture) Finance) Source: Design Development Firms in New York 167 Eagle Street N/A One John Street 130,000sf 8 Octavia 71,000sf (The diagram shows the interdisciplinary 91 Diamond Street N/A Dumbo Townhouses 18,000sf 400 Grove 36,070sf management struc- 873 Pacifc Street N/A 185 Plymouth Street 24,000sf 450 Hayes 80,000sf ture of design devel- opment companies in 585 Union Ave N/A 192 Water Street 19,600sf 235 Valencia 20,000sf New York City) 356 Baltic Street N/A 459 West 18th Street 31,000sf 3550 South Ocean 90,000sf 167 Devoe Street N/A 450 Hudson Boulevard 39,518sf 41 Bond St 22,000sf 764 Metropolitan Ave N/A Glenmore Gardens 22,000sf 345 Meatpacking 8,000sf The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development245 Manhattan Ave N/A Why Now: Current Climate of DEsign in the12 Built Warren Environment N/A 16 324 East 4th Street N/A XOCO 325 N/A Ironwood N/A 100 Franklin N/A 504 Humboldt Street N/A 180 East 88th N/A 139 Meserole Street N/A 532 West 20th N/A 292 Manhattan N/A The Standish N/A 100 Gold N/A 294 Ainsle Street N/A DESIGN development companies IN NEW yorK The Business Design is no longer a foreign Value of Design concept for the investors as well. Investors have been witnessing the appreciation of design from the market and how that trans- lates into additional profit for their investment. Since 1982, few ac- ademic studies from real estate finance and economics have attempted to uncover the in- "Design is more than a feeling: vestment premiums related with well-designed buildings. There it is a CEO-level priority for growth are some differences in the sub- ject market, building product, and and long-term performance." the methods used to measure the value of design, however, the results unequivocally show on average 20% sales premium for well-designed buildings. Source: Twitter, https://twitter. com/mikebloomberg/ status/44375346548 8367617?lang=en The Value of Awarded Design in Real Estate Development Why Now: Current Climate of DEsign in the Built Environment 17 w FIGURE 3 Annual Compensation for All Architectural Staff Position Over Time (in 2015 Dollars) Note 120K 6% According to the 2015 AIA Compensation Survey, the average compensation for architectural staff positions is still 100K 5% recovering from the Great Recession. The report, found that average compensa- 79,400 tion for staff positions 75,000 76,700 rose 3.5 percent 80K 4% since early 2013 (or 73,400 1.75 percent per year). This growth is up from 62,600 the Great Recession, 56,800 during which annu- 60K 3% al compensation 48,900 increased an average of less than 1 per- cent, but moderate 41,900 compared to the past two decades, when 40K 36,500 2% annual compensation increases ranged between 4 and 5 Compensation (in USD) Average percent.