MEMORIAL TO BARNUM BROWN (1873-1963)

G. EDWARD LEWIS U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado

Barnum Brown, the last and most successful of the great fossil hunters who led expeditions to the far corners of the earth during the Golden Age of vertebrate paleontological exploration, died on 5 February, 1963. Nothing short of a book would be adequate to do justice to this remarkable man's full life, his explora- tions, and other scientific achievements: he was associated with the American Museum of Natural History in New York from 1897 to 1963; although he did not explore the South Sea Islands, Madagas- car, or the Antipodes, he ranged far and wide over the major continents of the world and covered vast areas literally step by step. Barnum's parents were of old American stock: William Brown was a Virginian, born in 1833, who travelled westward to Wisconsin, where he married Clara Silver near Monticello, where she was born in 1840. They loaded their possessions into an ox-drawn covered wagon in 1859 and headed westward with their first child, Clara Melissa. They averaged 10 miles a day on the way to Kansas Territory where, near Lickskillet in Osage County, a second daughter, Alice Elizabeth, was born on 4 January 1860. Nearby in the same county was a place underlain by coal where they built a one-room cabin on Carbon Hill, to the west of which Carbondale sprang up some years later. The cabin doors were closed by flaps of canvas; the windows were covered with greased paper; there were cots, packing boxes, and barrel chairs for furniture. William Brown was a good farmer and a good man with livestock and animal transport. He began by raising corn, hogs, and cattle, but when the war broke out northeastern Kansas was in a turmoil, overrun by partisan irregulars of South and North, so he had to fall back on freighting for the government to support his family. When he was away with his wagon train, Clara Brown, her two small daughters, and a Newfoundland dog—who never let visiting Indians dismount—held down the cabin with no man in the house, never daring to state a preference for either side because sometimes Mrs. Brown had to feed Confederates in the morning, Yankees at noon, and deserters or renegades at night. The war ended at last; the crops and livestock could be raised in peace once more, and the family turned to removing coal for household use and for sale. The Browns' first son, Frank, was born 12 October, 1867; Barnum, the youngest child, was bom on 12 February, 1873. p 19

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The wagon train grew to half a dozen covered wagons, each with a capacity of 6 tons and drawn by three yokes of oxen. Every year William Brown made the round of frontier posts during spring, summer, and autumn, hauling supplies from the railhead at Fort Leavenworth by way of a roughly triangular route to Fort Laramie, Wyoming, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and back to Osage County. The farm, crops, livestock, freighting, and coal business prospered until there were 640 acres of productive land, 500 head of cattle, 31 hired men, and a hired girl to help Clara Brown in a new 10-room house. Barnum cut corn, fed livestock, stripped and sold coal, and thus became a paleontologist, because his favorite task was to follow the stripping plow and pick up the fossils that popped out of the overburden: as a small boy he got his first two specimens in this way, "a petrified cornucopia and a piece of fossil honeycomb" that show his first collections to have been corals and not vertebrates. The collection grew apace to the point where his mother made him move it from overflowing bureau drawers to the laundry shed outside the house, where a small museum began to take shape. His travels began in 1889 when Barnum and his father set out over the old wagon trail together in a horse-drawn rig; they slept on hay carried in the wagon bed. The buffalo had been killed off so recently that there were still many shaggy, hair- covered skulls strewn across the prairies. In the Nebraska Sand Hills they heard a skirmish-line-like fusillade one day; it turned out to be market hunters slaughtering Prairie chicken for shipment to the big cities. When they stripped the bark from old cottonwoods at Fort Laramie, Minie balls rained to the ground, in testimony of the few years since an exchange of shots with hostile Indians. On to Montana they went, up the Yellowstone to Mammoth Hot Springs and Yellowstone Lake; the last outpost of troops was encamped near the Springs. Barnum, always a skillful angler, caught many large trout, some of which were exchanged with the Quarter- master for provisions to be used on the return to Kansas. Barnum was camp cook, and he collected specimens, including Indian relics. More than half a century later, as many of us can attest, he could still rustle a mouth-watering camp meal from a few simple staples in no time at all. Barnum and his father were back at Carbon Hill 4 months after they left, having averaged 25 miles a day throughout a journey of some 3000 miles. Barnum was now 16 years old. There was no high school in Carbondale, so he was sent to Lawrence to finish school and, for 4 years thereafter, to attend the Uni- versity of Kansas, where he earned his A. B, degree in 1897. During his freshman year he took a course under Prof. S. W. Williston and was on his way to becoming a vertebrate paleontologist, along with E. C. Case and Elmer Riggs; they were among those taken on a field trip to Nebraska and South Dakota to collect fossil vertebrates in the summer of 1894. Barnum had already published his first report on Mound builders discovered in Wyandotte County, Kansas in the Students' Journal for June of that year. They met field parties from Yale, Princeton, and Nebraska before they returned to Lawrence in August with a large collection of Cenozoic mammals and Cretaceous marine reptiles. Barnum began his long and happy

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association with dinosaurs in the summer of 1895, when they found a skull of Tricera- tops in Wyoming. He met an American Museum party under the direction of J. L. Wortman in the summer of 1896, worked with that party for a time, and made a very favorable impression. His lifetime employment began when the American Museum hired him after graduation in 1897 to lead an expedition that was to collect dinosaurs from the Morrison Formation in Wyoming; this association lasted for 66 years. He was Assistant Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology until 1910, Associate Curator from 1910 until 1926, Curator from 1927 until 1942, and Curator Emeritus for 20 years until his death. He registered for postgraduate studies at Columbia University in 1897 and 1898 but had to discontinue them when H. F. Osborn sent him to Pata- gonia in the latter year. Lehigh University awarded him the degree of Doctor of Science honoris causa in 1934. Aboard ship with J. B. Hatcher of the Princeton Patagonian Expedition, Barnum headed for the Argentine on his first adventure in foreign lands. Hatcher was a renowned poker player who gathered a rich harvest on the trip, but on the last night before arrival he called Barnum Brown on the last hand; Barnum held three queens to Hatcher's three tens, and the last pot made up for all previous losses. Back to the United States with a rich haul of Cenozoic mammals in 1901, Barnum spent the next 10 summers on expeditions to collect all manner of fossil vertebrates, from the Pleistocene mammals of the Conard Fissure in Arkansas to the Cretaceous birds and reptiles of Kansas, New Mexico, and Montana; he made a reconnaissance trip to Canada in 1909. Curatorial work and research in the Museum filled Barnum's winter working days during the first decade of this century. He made many friends in and around New York; among them, Miss Marion Raymond Brown of Oxford, New York. They were married in Oxford on 13 February 1904. During the scant half dozen years of this happy marriage, she went with him on western expeditions, and his only child, Miss Frances Raymond Brown, was born. She is now Dean of Residence and Student Affairs at Radcliffe College. Marion Brown died after a short illness on 9 April 1910. Barnum now sought the solace of hard work on expeditions to foreign fields: in 1910 he went to Cuba and Mexico, and thence to western Canada. He led expeditions to the badlands of the Edmonton and Belly River Formations in Alberta, where they worked along the Red Deer River from a flatboat for six field seasons, 1910-1914 and 1916, and collected a superb assemblage of dinosaurs. He returned again to Cuba in 1918 and to Alberta in 1939. He led two more expeditions to the western United States in 1918 and 1919, after which he was away for 3 years on leave of absence. The Museum sent him to India (and present-day Pakistan) from 1922 until 1924, and to Burma in 1924, to collect Cenozoic mammals. More than 10 years as a globe-trotting widower had been more than enough for Barnum. In Calcutta, India, he married Miss Lilian McLaughlin of New York. The first of many unique

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tours followed for the bride as Barnum, known to the Punjabis as the "Haddi Sahib" (Lord of the Bones), stalked his prehistoric quarry by caravan from camp to camp in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau of Pakistan and the Siwalik Hills of India. Lilian Brown's zestful, witty account of this honeymoon on safari in Hindustan, I Married a Dinosaur, is one of the most entertaining of books. It also recounts their later adventures in Burma, where the story almost ended with Barnum's death from malaria, but Lilian nursed him back to health. The Museum sent him to Greece and the Aegean Islands in 1924 and 1925, where he regained his strength collecting fossil mammals near the haunts of Hippocrates, reaping a rich Pontian harvest. Once again Lilian Brown chronicled the expedition, this time in Cleopatra Slept Here. The Browns came back to the United States in 1926; Barnum led a western expedition each year from 1927 to 1942, chiefly to collect more dinosaurs. Much of this work was supported by the Sinclair Refining Company, whose trade symbol came to be a dinosaur. Some of Barnum's largest and most important collections were made on the yearly American Museum-Sinclair expeditions of 1931-1934 to the Crow Indian Reservation of Montana and the near-by Bighorn Basin of Wy- oming. Here he discovered the previously unknown dinosaurian fauna of the Cloverly Formation. One of the greatest graveyards of sauropods and smaller dino- saurs was excavated in the Morrison Formation near the old Cloverly Post Office in 1934. That same summer, he and an air crew flew along a tortuous 20,000-mile route from the Canadian border to Arizona, prospecting likely looking sites for future collecting areas in Mesozoic and Cenozoic continental formations of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions. In 1942—vigorous, hale, and hearty— Barnum Brown had to retire as Curator because he had reached the prescribed age limit. Barnum had worked as consultant for the Osage Oil Company (1915) and the U. S. Treasury Department (1917) during the First World War. He explored Ethi- opia for the Anglo-American Oil Company from 1920 to 1922, and was in Turkey during the hostilities with Greece in 1922; he was employed by the North Conti- nental Oil and Gas Corporation during the years 1939-1942. During the Second World War he was consultant for the Office of Strategic Services in 1942 and for the Board of Economic Warfare in 1943. He made an aerial reconnaissance of Alberta for oil possibilities from 1943 to 1945, followed by more than a year of study at the American Museum. In 1947, he was off again as a consulting field geologist for a group of employers including the Sohio Petroleum Company, this time to explore for oil in the ancient Maya country of El Peten in northern Guatemala, where he roamed the trackless jungle by canoe, horseback, and air until 1952, although he was on his own during the last year there. Barnum was back in New York during 1953-1954, studying data from Guatemala and writing reports. Again, Lilian published the account of their latest wanderings in the book Bring 'Em Eac\ Petrified. He was over 80 years of age but still had the ingrained yearning of a lifetime to search out still more fossil vertebrates and to return to the scenes of his early explorations. He worked in Montana for the Black-

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foot Indian Claim in 1955 and made his last fossil collection for the Museum there in 1956 when he excavated a skeleton of Plesiosaurus at the age of 83! He continued to go to work at the laboratory and his office in the American Museum until 1963. And he was still ready—nay, anxious—to take off for the badlands or foreign fields in his last years: in August 1962, he was full of plans to use a helicopter to search for and collect dinosaurs from the sea cliffs cut in the Wealden Formation of the Isle of Wight! Until his death, he was supervising construction of a group of life-sized restorations of dinosaurs for the Sinclair exhibit at the coming World's Fair, to be held in New York. Barnum Brown's original discoveries were many, and some of them were out- standing contributions to our knowledge of fossil vertebrates and continental stratigraphy: he collected the only two known skeletons of Tyrannosaurus rex in 1901-1902 and published important new information on Champsosaurus in 1905 and on the new family Ankylosauridae (armored dinosaurs) in 1908. His published studies of Ceratopsian dinosaurs began in 1906; he discovered and named many new species of this suborder of Ornithischia as well as the genera Anchiceratops and Leptoceratops. Similarly, he began the study of the Hadrosauria with his collections early in this century, published his first report on them in 1908, and was author of such now well-known generic names as Kritosaurus, Hypacrosaums, and (with W. D. Matthew) Corythosaurus, as well as of many new specific names. The only well- known genus of the earliest crocodiles, Protosuchus, is based on skeletons first found and described by him. The exhibits in the halls of dinosaurs in the American Museum of Natural History are largely monuments to his zeal and devotion during two thirds of a century. Barnum did not live to publish his important data and research results on the stratigraphic paleontology of the Cloverly Formation; he carried with him to the grave this and a great deal more stratigraphic and paleontologic knowledge. His outstanding published stratigraphic contribution was The Hell Creef^ Beds of the Upper Cretaceous of Montana (1907). It established the still up-to-date nomenclature and stratigraphic paleontology of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundary in the United States. He collected many things other than dinosaurs and mammals; amphibia, other orders of reptiles, birds, fish, and mammals; invertebrates, plants, and ar- chaeological material. It was Barnum Brown, who, while excavating extinct bison, first discovered Folsom Points and showed that man had been present in America a lot longer than had been believed generally before this important discovery. The first 50 years of the 20th century were truly the Golden Age of vertebrate paleontology, and Barnum Brown knew, had friends among, and worked intimately with the American vertebrate paleontologists of that time. The Age of the great pioneers Leidy, Marsh, and Cope, had just come to an end. From his student days he already knew Case and Riggs, and had studied under Williston; he already knew Wortman, Osborn, and Hatcher. He had worked with the Columbia University- American Museum faculty; C. W. Gilmore was a fast friend and arch-rival on dinosaur hunts, and Brown knew those other great collectors, the Sternbergs. At

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the Museum he lived and worked in the stimulating paleontological ferment of those already named and with a host of others of surprising ability, some of them outstanding: W. D. Matthew, W. K. Gregory, Bashford Dean, Walter Granger, R. C. Andrews, H. E. Anthony, Louis Hussakof, J. W. Gidley, Childs Frick, Charles Falkenbach, and C. C. Mook to name but a few vertebrate paleontologists or zoologists; R. W. Miner was a close friend. Later Museum associates would be G. G. Simpson, E. H. Colbert, Bobb Schaeffer, Malcolm McKenna (well after 1950) and others. Adam Hermann, O. C. Marsh's original preparator at Yale, was Chief Preparator when Barnum arrived at the American Museum, but he was much more closely associated with the generations of Charles Lang, Albert Thomson, Otto Falkenbach, Peter Kaisen, Carl Sorensen, R. T. Bird, and Gilbert Stucker during his first half century there. Working together, these professional and technical colleagues founded modern methods of fossil-bone collection and preparation in large part, and originated most of the modern techniques of display; Barnum Brown's contribution to this joint effort was a major one, as any Museum visitor who has seen the dinosaur halls will know. The Browns' camps and the Browns' home were known for a warm and generous hospitality in the wilderness and in the city; there the weary traveller and the New York friends would gather in a convivial group, perhaps to recount tales of some exotic bivouac. The apartment at 522 West End Avenue was known to their friends as "Browns' Oasis," and to it were drawn friends from the west, from foreign lands, from other museums and college towns, and from the New York business and professional world. There the British Brigadier from the India days might meet the student who had come to the Museum for advice and was asked to stay to dinner, the Museum colleague from New York, a Greek business man, and the friend from Montana who had given the Browns so much help on expeditions. Whoever came was sure to leave feeling the richer for the experience. And the expedition crews, after a hard, hot, dusty day in the badlands, would eat a hearty, savory dinner, and then gather round the pungent cedar campfire to listen, spellbound, as the heat rendered out stories of the frontier and earlier expeditions from Barnum Brown. He was a Member of Sigma Xi and the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, a Life Member of the American Museum of Natural History, and a Fellow of the following societies: Geological Society of America, Royal Geographical Society, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, New York Academy of Sciences, and the Paleontological Society. He belonged to the Protestant Episcopal Church and was a member of All Angels' parish, in whose church the funeral service was said after his death on 5 February 1963. Had he lived just one more week, he would have been honored at a surprise party arranged by the Museum for his 90th birthday, one feature of which was to have been presentation of a handsomely bound volume of letters from his manifold friends and well-wishers. Roy Chapman Andrews, the Museum director under whom Barnum worked for many years and a close friend of the Browns, wrote Barnum's best epitaph some years ago in the introduction to I Married a Dinosaur: "Barnum has been my friend

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for well nigh forty years ... I have known him to disappear from the Museum, j ust fading out like the Vanishing American, and none of the staff knew where he had gone . . . but invariably his whereabouts was disclosed by a veritable avalanche of fossils descending in carload lots upon the Museum. . . . He has discovered many of the most important and most spectacular specimens in the whole history of paleon- tology. When he ceases to look for bones on this earth, the Celestial fossil fields may well prepare for a thorough inspection by his all-seeing eyes. He'll arrive in the Other World with a pick, shellac, and plaster or else he won't go. You may be sure he'll still be doing it, alive or dead."

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BARNUM BROWN 1894. Mound builders discovered in Wyandotte County, Kansas: Univ. Kansas Students' Journal, June 1903. A new genus of ground sloth from the Pleistocene of Nebraska: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 19, p. 569-583 1903. A new species of fossil Edentate from the Santa Cruz Formation of Patagonia: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 19, p. 453-457 1904. Stomach stones and food of plesiosaurs: Science, (n.s.), v. 20, p. 184-185 1905. Recent exploration of a Pleistocene fissure in northern Arkansas: Science (n.s.), v. 21, p. 300 1905. The osteology of Champsosaurus Cope: Mem. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 9, p. 1-26 1906. New notes on the osteology of Triceratops: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 22, p. 297-300 1907. The Hell Creek beds of the Upper Cretaceous of Montana: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 23, p. 823-845 1907. Gastroliths: Science (n.s.), v. 25, p. 392 1908. The Conard fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern Arkansas; with description of two new genera and twenty new species of mammals: Mem. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 9, p. 157-208 1908. The Ankylosauridae, a new family of armored dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 24, p. 187-201 1908. The Trachodon group: American Mus. Jour., v. 8, p. 51-56 1909. Notes on the restorations of the Cretaceous birds Hesperornis and Baptornis: Science (n.s.), v. 31, p. 440 1910. The Cretaceous Ojo Alamo beds of New Mexico with description of the new dinosaur genus Kritosaurus: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 28, p. 267-274 1911. Notes on the restorations of the Cretaceous birds Hesperornis and Baptornis: Annals. N.Y. Acad. Sci., v. 20, p. 401 1911. Fossil hunting by boat in Canada: American Mus. Jour., v. 9, p. 273-282 1912. The osteology of the manus in the family Trachodontidae: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 31, p. 105-108 1912. A crested dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 31, p. 131-136 1912. Brachyostracon, a new genus of glyptodonts from Mexico: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 31, p. 167-177 1912. Fossil hunting by boat in Canada: Scientific American Suppl., v. 73, p. 82 1912. A discovery in the fossil fields of Mexico: American Mus. Jour., v. 12, p. 177-180 1913. The skeleton of Saurolophus, a crested duck-billed dinosaur from the Edmonton Cretaceous: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 32, p. 387-393 1913. A new trachodont dinosaur, Hypacrosaurus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 32, p. 395-406 1913. A new plesiosaur, Leurospondylus, from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 32, p. 605-615 1913. A new crested dinosaur: American Mus. Jour., v. 13, p. 138-144 1913. The manus of trachodont dinosaurs: Science (n.s.), v. 38, p. 926-927 1913. Some Cuban fossils: American Mus. Jour., v. 13, p. 221-228 1914. Anchiceratops, a new genus of horned dinosaurs from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta.

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With discussion of the origin of the ceratopsian crest and the brain casts of Anchiceratops and Tmchodon: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 33, p. 539-548 1914. A complete skull of Monodonius, from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 33, p. 549-558 1914. Corythosaurus casuarius, a new crested dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous, with pro- visional classification of the family Trachodontidae: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 33, p. 559-565 1914. Leptoceratops, a new genus of Ceratopsia from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 33, p. 567-580 1914. Cretaceous-Eocene correlation in New Mexico, Wyoming, Montana, and Alberta: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 25, p. 355-380 1915. Tyrannosaurus, the largest flesh-eating animal that ever lived: American Mus. Jour., v. 15, p. 271-290 1915. Fossil h-.mting by boat in Canada: American Mus. Nat. History, Handbook series No. 5, p. 152-159 1915. Tyrann'jsiurus, a Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur: Scientific American, v. 113, p. 322-323 1915. (With W. D. Matthew) Corythosaurus, the new duck-billed dinosaur: American Mus. Jour., v. 15, p. 427-428 1916. A new crested trachodont dinosaur Prosaurolophus maximus: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 35, p. 701-706 1916. Corythosaurus casuarius: Skeleton, musculature and epidermis: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 35, p. 709-716 1917. A complete skeleton of the horned dinosaur Monodonius, and description of a second skeleton showing skin impressions: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 37, p. 281-296 1917. Monodonius, a Cretaceous horned dinosaur: American Mus. Jour. v. 17, p. 135-140 1918. Samuel Wendell Williston (1852-1918): American Mus. Jour., v. 18, p. 611 1919. Hunting big game of other days. A boating expedition in search of fossils in Alberta, Canada: Nat. Geogr. Mag., v. 35, p. 407-429 1919. (With Marjorie O'Connell) Discovery of the Oxfordian in western Cuba (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 30, p. 152 1920. Note on scapula of an armored dinosaur: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 119, p. 65 1922. (With W. D. Matthew) The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 46, p. 367-385 1922. (With Marjorie O'Connell) Correlation of the Jurassic Formations of western Cuba: Geol. Soc. America Bull, v. 33, p. 639-664 1923. (With W. D. Matthew) Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta: American Mus. Novit., no. 89, p. 1-9 1924. (With W. K. Gregory and Milo Hellman) On three incomplete anthropoid jaws from the Siwaliks, India: American Mus. Novit., no. 130, p. 1-9 1925. Glimpses of India: Natural History, v. 25, p. 108-125 1925. Byways and highways in Burma: Natural History, v. 25, p. 295-308 1925. Through the land of Sheba: Natural History, v. 25, p. 602-617 1926. A new deer from the Siwaliks: American Mus. Novit., no. 242, p. 1-6 1927. Samos, romantic isle of the Aegean: Natural History, v. 27, p. 19-32 1928. Artifacts discovered with bison remains in New Mexico: Natural History, v. 28, p. 556 1928. Recent finds relating to prehistoric man in America: Bull. N. Y. Acad. Medicine, (2) v. 4, p. 824-828 1929. Folsom culture and its age (Abstract): Geol. Soc. America Bull. v. 40, p. 128 1929. A Miocene camel bed-ground: Natural History, v. 29, p. 658-662 1930. Dinosaur footprints in Arizona rock: San Francisco Examiner, April 6, 1930, March of Events section, 1 1931. The largest known land tortoise: Natural History, v. 31, p. 183-187 1932. A spine-armored saurian of the past: Natural History, v. 32, p. 492-496 1932. The buffalo drive: Natural History, v. 32, p. 75-82' 1933. An ancestral crocodile: American Mus. Novit., no. 638, p. 1-4 See also: Natural History, v. 31, p. 558-559 1933. A gigantic ceratopsian dinosaur, Triceratops maximus, new species: American Mus. Novit., no. 649, p. 1-9 1933. A new genus of Stegocephalia from the Triassic of Arizona: American Mus. Novit., no. 640, p. 1-4 1933. A new longhorned Belly River ceratopsian: American Mus. Novit., no. 669, p. 1-3 1933. Stratigraphy and fauna of the Fuson-Cloverly formation in Montana, Wyoming and South Dakota (Abstract): American Bull. Geol. Soc., v. 44, p. 74

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1933. Folsom culture (Abstract): Pan.-Am. Geologist, v. 60, p. 378 1934. A change of name: Science (n.s.), v. 79, p. 80 1934. How dinosaurs died 125,000,000 years ago: Science News Letter, v. 26, p. 51-52 1934. Midget monsters found in "Question Mark Quarry": Science News Letter, v. 26, p. 86 1934. The Sinclair dinosaur book: New York, Sinclair Refining Company (Inc.), 13 p. 1935. The American Museum-Sinclair expedition: Natural History, v. 35, p. 438. See also: Mus. Sci. Soc. Nation, 1935, no. 23, p. 409-410 1935. Sinclair Dinosaur expedition, 1934: Natural History, v. 36, p. 2-15 See also: Canadian Mining Jour., v. 57, p. 30 1935. Flying for dinosaurs: Natural History, v. 36, p. 95-116 1936. The Folsom culture—an occurrence of prehistoric man with extinct animals near Folsom, New Mexico: Rept. 16th Internal. Geol. Congr., Washington, 1933, v. 2, p. 813 1936. The Osborn Library of Vertebrate Paleontology: Science (n.s.), v. 83, p. 371. See also: Nature, v. 137, p. 611 1936. A new dinosaur kingdom (Abstract): Royal Canadian Inst. Proc., ser. 3A, v. 1, p. 51 1937. Dinosaurs on parade: Natural History, v. 40, p. 505-513. See also: Life, v. 2, no. 2, p. 30-33 1937. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) The skeleton of Styracosaurus with the description of a new species: American Mus. Novit., no. 955, p. 1-12 1938. The mystery dinosaur: Natural History, v. 41, p. 190-202, 235 1940. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) The origin of ceratopsian horn-cores: American Mus. Novit., no. 1065, p. 1-7 1940. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) A new element in the ceratopsian jaw with additional notes on the mandible: American Mus. Novit., no. 1092, p. 1-13 1940. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) The structure and relationships of Protoceratops: N. Y. Acad. Sci. Annals, v. 40, p. 133-266 1941. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) The rise and fall of the dinosaurs: American Mus. Nat. History, Guide Leaflet, no. 108, p. 1-15 1941. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) Family tree of the dinosaurs: Natural History, v. 48, p. 289 1941. The last of the dinosaurs: Natural History, v. 48, p. 290-295 1941. The age of sauropod dinosaurs: Science, v. 93, p. 594-595 1942. The largest known crocodile: Natural History, v. 49, p. 260-261 1942. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) The skeleton of Leptoceratops with the description of a new species: American Mus. Novit., no. 1169, p. 1-15 1943. (With E. M. Schlaikjer) A study of the troodont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 82, p. 115-150 1943. Flying reptiles, the airplanes of prehistoric times: Natural History, v. 52, p. 104-111 1943. Palaeontology of Harrar Province, Ethiopia, Part 1, The Dudley expedition: Bull. American Mus. Nat. History, v. 82, p. 1-29 1944. (With H. E. Vokes) Fossil imprints of unknown origin: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 242, p. 656-672 1945. The mystery of the 8-pointed stars: Natural History, v. 54, p. 328-331 1946. Desert'Sweetness: Natural History, v. 55, p. 42-43' 1946. Twinza oil wells: Natural History, v. 55, p. 88-91 PUBLICATION AUTHORIZED BY THE DIRECTOR, U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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