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Insecta: Coleoptera) No Cerrado Brasileiro: Estado Atual Do Conhecimento Ciência Rural, Santa Maria,Scarabaeoidea v.44, n.4, p.652-659, (Insecta: abr, Coleoptera) 2014 no Cerrado brasileiro: estado atual do conhecimento. 652 ISSN 0103-8478 Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) no Cerrado brasileiro: estado atual do conhecimento Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Brazilian Cerrado: current state of knowledge Milena LuçardoI Charles Martins de OliveiraII Marina Regina FrizzasIII - REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA - RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Besouros pertencentes à superfamília Scarabaeoidea ocupam habitats variados, possuem hábitos alimentares diversifi cados, Não existe consenso quanto à divisão de desempenham importante papel ecológico e diversas espécies famílias e subfamílias dentro dos Scarabaeoidea e o apresentam importância agrícola. No entanto, estudos com esse grupo número relativo a esses táxons varia de acordo com na região do Cerrado são escassos. Nesta revisão realizou-se um o sistema de classifi cação adotado. Adotou-se nesta levantamento dos artigos publicados nos últimos 30 anos a respeito dos Scarabaeoidea no Cerrado. Foram recuperados 64 artigos, realizados revisão a divisão proposta por MORÓN (2010) que inclui em nove unidades da federação, que focavam quatro temas principais: 12 famílias (Cetoniidae, Geotrupidae, Glaphyridae, espécies praga, aspectos bioecológicos, biodiversidade e importância Glaresidae, Hybosoridae, Lucanidae, Melolonthidae, ecológica, e técnicas e metodologias de coleta de Scarabaeoidea. Os Ochodaeidae, Passalidae, Pleocomidae, Scarabaeidae resultados desta revisão indicam que poucos estudos foram realizados e Trogidae). com os Scarabaeoidea no Cerrado brasileiro nas últimas décadas frente à importância e diversidade desse grupo de insetos. Os Scarabaeoidea são cosmopolitas, ocupando quase todos os ambientes do planeta. Palavras-chave: Scarabaeidae, Melolonthidae, biodiversidade, Desempenham diversas funções ecológicas nos bioecologia, besouros. ecossistemas provendo serviços variados e auxiliando ABSTRACT na manutenção desses ambientes (NICHOLS et al., 2008). Alguns Scarabaeoidea são considerados Beetles belonging to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea pragas de diversas espécies de plantas cultivadas, occupy different habitats, present feeding habits diversifi ed, play especialmente em sua fase larval, podendo atingir an important ecological role and several species have agricultural importance. However, studies with this group in the Brazilian Cerrado elevada importância econômica devido às perdas que are scarce. In this review we carried out a survey of scientifi c articles podem proporcionar (ARAGÓN et al., 2001). published in the past 30 years concerning Scarabaeoidea in the O Cerrado, apesar de conter cerca de 30% Cerrado. Were found 64 studies in nine Brazilian states. The studies da biodiversidade brasileira (DIAS, 1992), encontra- focused on four main topics: pest species, bioecology, biodiversity and ecological importance, techniques and methodologies for collecting se na lista dos biomas de alta biodiversidade mais Scarabaeoidea. The results of this review indicate that few studies have ameaçados do mundo (MITTERMEIER et al., 2005). been conducted with Scarabaeoidea in the Cerrado in recent decades O conhecimento a cerca dos organismos que compõem compared to the importance and diversity of this group of insects. o Cerrado e suas inter-relações torna-se essencial para Key words: Scarabaeidae, Melolonthidae, biodiversity, as políticas de conservação e de destinação do uso da bioecology, beetles. terra. Os Scarabaeoidea formam um elo importante ICentro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FACS), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brasil. IIEmbrapa Cerrados, Rod. BR 020, km 18, 73310-970, CP 08223, Planaltina, DF, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected]. Autor para correspondência. IIIDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brasil. Recebido 06.03.13 Aprovado 18.10.13 Devolvido pelo autor 18.01.14 CR-2013-0293.R2 Ciência Rural, v.44, n.4, abr, 2014. 653 Luçardo et al. dentro dos ecossistemas naturais e antropizados e no período chuvoso havendo um sincronismo de desempenham um papel importante para o equilíbrio ocorrência da fase larval com os plantios de verão e são do bioma Cerrado. mais acentuados quando as plantas são atacadas na fase Esta revisão objetivou reunir o inicial de desenvolvimento (OLIVEIRA et al., 2007; conhecimento a respeito dos Scarabaeoidea na área OLIVEIRA et al., 2008). de abrangência do Cerrado por meio dos estudos científi cos desenvolvidos com esta superfamília Culturas atacadas nos últimos 30 anos. A seleção dos estudos foi A polifagia tem sido apontada como realizada com base na data de publicação (1982 uma das características de algumas espécies de a 2012) e foram utilizados artigos publicados em Scarabaeoidea consideradas praga no Cerrado revistas indexadas com corpo editorial, restritos brasileiro (RODRIGUES et al., 2011). Larvas de ao bioma Cerrado. As informações contidas neste Aegopsis bolboceridus (Thomson) foram observadas estudo foram obtidas por meio de buscas realizadas causando 100% de perdas em hortaliças e feijão no nas bases Scielo, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, Distrito Federal (OLIVEIRA et al., 2008). Na cultura Google Acadêmico, BioOne Online Journals, CAB da soja registram-se as espécies Phyllophaga capillata Abstracts, Web of Knowlodge e Jstor. As palavras- (Blanchard) no Distrito Federal (OLIVEIRA et al., chave, e suas combinações, utilizadas para as buscas 2007), Liogenys fuscus Blanchard em Goiás (COSTA bibliográfi cas foram Scarabaeoidea, Brazilian et al., 2009) e Mato Grosso do Sul (RODRIGUES et Savannah, Cerrado, Cetoniidae, Geotrupidae, al., 2011), Cyclocephala forsteri Endrodi, Anomala Glaphyridae, Glaresidae, Hybosoridae, Lucanidae, testaceipennis Blanchard e Phyllophaga cuyabana Melolonthidae, Ochodaeidae, Passalidae, Moser no Mato Grosso do Sul (SANTOS & ÁVILA, Pleocomidae, Scarabaeidae e Trogidae. Foram 2007). Na cultura do milho são encontradas causando utilizadas também as publicações citadas nos artigos danos as espécies A. testaceipennis, Liogenys suturalis obtidos na busca, mas que não foram recuperadas por Blanchard, L. fuscus e P. cuyabana no Mato Grosso do meio das palavras-chave. Sul (SANTOS & ÁVILA, 2009a; RODRIGUES et al., No total foram encontrados 64 trabalhos, 2011) e A. bolboceridus em Goiás (OLIVEIRA et al., sendo 14 sobre espécies consideradas pragas, 15 2008). Em cana-de-açúcar são registradas as espécies abordavam aspectos bioecológicos, 41 trabalhos L. fuscus, Anomonyx sp., C. forsteri e C. verticalis relacionados à biodiversidade e importância ecológica Burmeister (COUTINHO et al., 2011). Em áreas de e 35 continham informações sobre técnicas e pastagens as espécies C. verticalis e A. testaceipennis metodologias de coleta. Os estudos estão distribuídos foram registradas em plantas do gênero Brachiaria em nove estados brasileiros: Mato Grosso do Sul (RODRIGUES et al., 2008a; RODRIGUES et al., (30), Minas Gerais (19), Goiás (12), Distrito Federal 2010a). Em macaúba observou-se, associado ao (7), Mato Grosso (4), Maranhão (2), Piauí (2), Paraná sistema radicular, as espécies Astaena sp., C. verticalis, (1) e Tocantins (1). Leucothyreus dorsalis Blanchard, Leucothyreus sp., L. fuscus e Phyllophaga sp. (PUKER et al., 2009; Estudos sobre espécies praga OLIVEIRA & ÁVILA, 2011). Uma espécie não Foram encontradas 15 espécies de identifi cada de Melolonthidae foi observada causando Scarabaeoidea consideradas pragas, distribuídas em danos em trigo no Mato Grosso do Sul (ÁVILA três estados brasileiros. Todas as espécies identifi cadas & PÍPOLO, 1992). Com relação às formas adultas como pragas no Cerrado brasileiro pertencem à família registrou-se C. forsteri atacando a infl orescência de Melolonthidae. As larvas dessas espécies, denominadas plantas de macaúba e Leucothyreus albopilosus Ohaus comumente de corós, atacam o sistema radicular, causando lesões em troncos de eucalipto (PUKER et al., interferem no crescimento e/ou ocasionam a morte das 2011b). plantas, podendo reduzir drasticamente o estande e a produtividade das culturas atacadas quando em altas Manejo de espécies pragas populações (OLIVEIRA et al., 2007; OLIVEIRA et al., Os estudos realizados no Cerrado têm 2008; COUTINHO et al., 2011; RODRIGUES et al., demonstrado que o manejo desse grupo de pragas 2011). Os adultos de algumas espécies também podem depende da adoção conjunta de medidas que englobam causar prejuízos (OLIVEIRA et al., 2008; OLIVEIRA o controle químico, cultural e biológico. O controle & ÁVILA, 2011). químico por meio da utilização do tratamento inseticida De forma geral os prejuízos causados por de sementes ou da pulverização de inseticidas no sulco Scarabaeoidea pragas no Cerrado se concentram de plantio tem sido utilizado para o manejo de corós Ciência Rural, v.44, n.4, abr, 2014. Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) no Cerrado brasileiro: estado atual do conhecimento. 654 rizófagos. Estudos de campo indicaram que a aplicação 2008b; PUKER et al., 2009; SANTOS & ÁVILA, de inseticidas dos grupos organofosforados, pirazóis e 2009a; COUTINHO et al., 2011). Durante este período, neonicotinóides no sulco de plantio e/ou em tratamento os adultos emergem do solo, preferencialmente de semente foi efi ciente no controle de L. fuscus em ao anoitecer, para procurar um parceiro para o milho (SANTOS et al., 2008). Quanto ao controle acasalamento. O início da atividade de voo ocorre entre biológico existe apenas o registro de parasitismo de 18 e 19h (RODRIGUES
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