Establishment of Biotechnology Parks
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Establishment of Biotechnology Parks G. Narahari Sastry Center for Molecular Modeling Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad – 500 007, INDIA http://203.199.182.73/gnsmmg/ Three day residential training program in “Best Practices in PPP” @ APHRDI, Bapatla On 10th September, 2018 Key Areas : Biotechnology • Agriculture • Health • Environment, Ecology R&D spending in pharmaceutical / biotechnology sector $128 billion $158 billion ???? 2008 2017 2030 Increasing Indian Agriculture Growing Population: Expected to grow from 1.3 billion in 2018 to 1.9 billion by 2050 Reducing Arable Land : Per capita availability of agricultural land 0.33ha 0.14ha 0.05ha 1951 2001 2035 Rising food prices??? Food Scarcity Crisis Source: Union Agriculture Ministry India would be short of 14 MMT of food grains if the present growth rate of food grain production continues. Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India Ministry of Agriculture Will require high yield seeds & fertilizers to improve agriculture productivity along with effective Pest control. Strong need for more efficient crop production Estimated Yield Losses due to Pests Major crops in this Actual losses 100% analysis: Rice, Wheat, Barley, Corn, Potatoes, 40-42% loss caused by Soybeans, Cotton and pests, Coffee weeds Today diseases Prevented Crop losses from pests losses 58-60% ....etc remain high despite due to control of modern crop protection 30% pests, weeds and diseases Yield without Actual yield with crop Theoretically crop protection protection attainable yield http://blog.agrivi.com/post/yield- losses-due-to-pests GUENTER BACHLECHNER. Bayer Crop Science5 AG, www.growcanadaconference.ca Dream of a Indian Farmer... Good seeds Enough water Suitable fertiliser Effective Crop Protecting Agents 6 What is a Knowledge Society ? That uses knowledge holistically to empower and enrich people– and is an integral driver of sustainable development (societal transformation) A life-long learning society committed to innovation Has the capacity to generate, diffuse, utilize and protect knowledge - creates economic wealth and social equity Enlightens people towards an integrated view of life as a fusion of mind, body and spirit Planning Commission Report, India 2001 The Age of Science “The 20th century’s unprecedented gains in advancing human development and eradicating poverty came largely from technological breakthroughs” Sustainability • The ability to maintain …(everything) over long periods of time. • Sustainability of an ecosystem is the ability of that ecosystem to maintain its structure and function over time in the face of external stress. Does Nature belong to humans alone • The plants and animals with whom we share this planet have a right to exist – whether or not they are useful to humans. • Do you think it is fair for humans to make another species go extinct? Biodiversity helps us heal ourselves Over a hundred different species of plants are known to provide medicine for humans. Forty percent of the medicines found in pharmacies are derived from plants. Without the Rosy Periwinkle, many more children would die from Childhood Leukemia. Does the cure for cancer or the common cold lie in a local plant? • The more links in a food web, the more stable it is. Human Evolution Silicon Age Stone Age Carbon Age Copper Age Gold Age Bronze Age Silver Age Iron Age Health and Aging PSYCHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING ECONOMIC HEALTH SOCIAL Frailty Frailty - characterized by decline in physiologic reserve and function across multiorgan systems, leading to increased vulnerability for adverse health outcomes. Frailty phenotype criteria (3 or more/5) • Unintentional weight loss • Weakness • Exhaustion • Slowed walking speed • Low level of physical activity Health is a complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absece of disease or infirmity Pathogenesis of frailty syndrome Methods to assess the nutritional status • A - Anthropometric measurements • B - Biochemical estimations • D - Dietary pattern through diet surveys Chronological age vs biological age A Great Scientist who is highly responsible for increasing the average life span of humans in the last century Yellapragada Subbarao was born in a poor Telugu in Bhimavaram district in Old Madras Presidency, now in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh. He was born as the fourth child amongst seven children to Y. Jagganatham and Y. Venkamma. Though his father worked as a revenue inspector, the family suffered from many hardships of poverty due to the loss of several of his close relatives at a young age. Yellapragada Subbarow was an Indian biochemist whose discovery was followed by a long chain of achievements, including the discovery of the ATP molecule (which gives energy to our body), and Aureomycin, a first of its kind antibiotic that was stronger than both penicillin and streptomycin; it helped save Yellapragada Subbarao millions of lives around the world. He also helped develop Methotrexate, one of the first chemotherapy agents that is still used widely. Humans were not the only ones to benefit from his research; Hetrazen, a drug used to treat fibrosis in animals, was introduced by him too. He also spearheaded US medical research during World War II A fungus genus has been named Subbaromyces in his honor. Here we can clearly see the passion and dedication towards his work. The first innovator of IVF in India Dr. Subhas mukhopadhyay the unsung hero, who discovered the easiest and most successful way of producing a test tube baby. In fact, he was the first Asian to discover such a process but never got his recognition during his lifetime. However, in 2002, after 21 years of his death, ICMR (India Council of Medical Research) recognized his work for the first time. Subhash mukhopadhyay Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay created history when he became the first physician in India (and second in the world after British physicians Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards) to perform the In vitro fertilization resulting in a test tube baby “Durga” (Kanupriya Agarwal) on October 3, 1978. Sadly, his study never got the attention it truly deserved. When he did go public with his life's most crucial find, he was accused of 'claiming' to have created the world's first test tube baby. He was also questioned for going to the media without bureaucratic approval and creating a test tube baby with simple tools inside his home. People were not willing to believe. (ek doctor ki maut) Corticosterone Asthma Malaria Cancer Quinine Choloroqine DRUG Diabetes DISCOVERY Infections Penicillin Insulin AIDS Aspirin Alzheimer Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Pain/ Headache Donepezil Synthesized molecules Human Body: A Chemical factory Drug-target-pathway-gene-disease relationships Gene Pathway 1 T1 Gene Gene Gene Pathway 2 Gene T2 Gene Gene Gene Gene Pathway 3 Disease Drug Gene Gene Gene Gene Pathway 4 T3 Gene Gene Pathway 5 T4 Pathway 6 Targets Pathways Genes associated with pathways People perform best in the field that excites them the most “I have a friend who's an artist and has sometimes taken a view which I don't agree with very well. He'll hold up a flower and say "look how beautiful it is," and I'll agree. Then he says "I as an artist can see how beautiful this is but you as a scientist take this all apart and it becomes a dull thing," and I think that he's kind of nutty. First of all, the beauty that he sees is available to other people and to me too, I believe. Although I may not be quite as refined aesthetically as he is ... I can appreciate the beauty of a flower. At the same time, I see much more about the flower than he sees. I could imagine the cells in there, the complicated actions inside, which also have a beauty. I mean it's not just beauty at this dimension, at one centimeter; there's also beauty at smaller dimensions, the inner structure, also the processes. The fact that the colors in the flower evolved in order to attract insects to pollinate is interesting (beautiful); it means that insects can see the color. It adds a question: does this aesthetic sense also exist in the lower forms? Why is it aesthetic? All kinds of interesting questions which the science knowledge only adds to the excitement, the mystery and the awe of a flower…” ― Richard Feynman Conveying the excitement of discovery? Serotonin Neurotransmitter and happiness OPPORTUNITIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY ENZYMES DRUGS RECOMBINANT ANTI BIOTICS, VACCINES PROTEINS/DNA NUTRION PRIMARY/SECONDARY METABOLITIES AGRICULTURE 29 INSTITUTIONAL SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL KNOWHOW LINKAGE SERVICES ADMIN IPR SUPPORT SUPPORT CORPORATE EMERGING FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ENTERPRENEURAL MANAGEMENT SUPPORT NEEDS PUBLICITY ENTERPRENEUR & TRAINING ADVERTISING VENTURE CAPITAL NEW BUSINESS MARKETING STRATEGIES SUPPORT MODELS 30 NEW IDEAS INFORMATION TESTING ON/OFF SITE RESEARCH SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT SCALE UP & TECH DESIGN PLANT ON SITE PACKAGING DESIGN SEMI TRAINED COMMERCIAL; PERSONNEL MANUFACTURE ON OR PARTLY OFF SITE REG TEST CLEARANCES MARKETING 31 NATURE OF ASSIGNMENTS SUITED FOR BTIC PROCESS PRODUCT SERVICES SCALE UP NEW FORMULATIONS TESTING TROUBLESHOOTING NEW CHEMICAL DESIGN DATA JOB WORKS ENTITIES CONSULTANCY EQUIPMENT IMPORT PROJECT REPORTS PERFORMANCE SUBSTITUTION INFORMATION EVALUATION 32 Innovation and Entrepreneurship International Exponential Global Growing Focus: Knowledge Competitive National-Int’l Human Growth Market Disequilibria Condition Techno. Productivity Competitive Economic Innovation & Quality Performance Growth Entrepreneur Government Capital: Infrastructure