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Fatima As a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources Vinay
Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources Vinay Khetia A Thesis In The Department of Religion Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (Religion) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada January 2013 © Vinay Khetia, 2012 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Vinay Khetia Entitled: Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in Islamic Sources and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: Lynda Clarke__________________________ Chair Shaman Hatley___________________Examiner Richard Foltz__________________________Examiner Lynda Clarke__________________________Supervisor Approved by ________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director ________________________________________________ Dean of Faculty Date ________________________________________________ Fatima as a Motif of Contention and Suffering in the Early Islamic Sources Vinay Khetia Abstract The death of the Prophet Muhammad in 10/632 left a vacuum of authority in the early Muslim community. Ever since, Muslims of various sectarian persuasions have produced conflicting versions of the events which took place in the wake of Muhammad’s death and the behaviour of certain prominent personalities. This dissertation examines the role played by the surviving daughter of the Prophet, Fatima, during this early, tumultuous period. The objective is not to present a ‘historical’ reconstruction of events, but rather to explore how the formative Islamic histories (2nd- 4th/8th-10th centuries) and Shiite hadith (2nd-6th/8th-12th centuries) creatively shaped the image of Fatima in her conflict with the first caliph and successor to Muhammad, Abu Bakr, and his allies. -
Afromecca in History
AfroMecca in History AfroMecca in History: African Societies, Anti-Black Racism, and Teaching in al-Haram Mosque in Mecca By Chanfi Ahmed AfroMecca in History: African Societies, Anti-Black Racism, and Teaching in al-Haram Mosque in Mecca By Chanfi Ahmed This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Chanfi Ahmed All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3632-7 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3632-6 “O mankind, We created you all from a single man and single woman, and made you into nations and tribes so you should get to know one another. In God’s eyes, the most honoured of you are the ones most rightehous of you. God is all knowing, all aware” (Qurʾān, 49, al-Ḥujurāt, 13). “God does not like bad words to be made public, except where injustice has been done: He is all hearing and all knowing” (Qurʾān, 4, al-Nisāʾ, 148). CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................... ix Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Chapter One ................................................................................................. 5 From Aksum to Mocha and Mecca: Anti-Black Racism in the History of the Relationships between Arabs and Black Africans Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 33 AfroMecca Seen from Above: ʿUlamāʾ, Politicians, and Other Public Figures Chapter Three ......................................................................................... -
The Occupied Palestinian Territory: an Employment Diagnostic Studypdf
International Labour Organization THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY AN EMPLOYMENT DIAGNOSTIC STUDY REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ARAB STATES THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY AN EMPLOYMENT DIAGNOSTIC STUDY REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ARAB STATES Copyright © International Labour Organization 2018 First published 2018 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. The Occupied Palestinian Territory: An Employment Diagnostic Study / International Labour Organization, Regional Office for Arab States. - Beirut: ILO, 2018. ISBN 9789221313953 (print) ISBN 9789221313960 (web pdf) ILO Regional Office for Arab States The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. -
THE NATURE and POWER of SATAN Theorizing About the Nature
CHAPTER THREE THE NATURE AND POWER OF SATAN Theorizing about the nature, origin, and cosmological status of Satan occurs among the selected writings, especially among the later ones. However, there is an obvious lack of "speculative" interest in the sense of seeking to work out a complete cosmology of evil. Concepts as to the origin, abode, and ultimate future of Satan are often very diverse, and there are only a small number of referen ces. An analysis and interpretation of the nature of Satan as conceiv ed by the early Christian tradition will be therefore necessarily less comprehensive than a discussion of his activities. There are some basic understandings as to the nature and power of Satan common to most of the selected writers, however, and they are best summarized by the New Testament phrases: Satan, the "prince of the power of the air," "ruler of demons," "ruler of the world," and "god of this age." A. SATAN: PRINCE OF THE POWER OF THE AIR 1. Origin of Satan For the most part, the New Testament writers make no theoreti cal assertions as to the origin of Satan. However, a number of passages by choice of words and phraseology seem to reflect the idea of Satan as a fallen angel who is chief among a class of fallen angels, an idea which appears frequently in apocalyptic literature.1 II Peter 2 :4, for example, refers to the angels that sinned and were cast into hell. Jude 6 mentions "the angels that did not keep their own position but left their proper dwelling .. -
The Pilgrimage (Hajj) (Part 3 of 3)
The Pilgrimage (Hajj) (part 3 of 3) Description: An easy to follow guide outlining the essentials every new Muslim must know about Hajj, the greater pilgrimage to Mecca. By Abdurrahman Murad (© 2016 NewMuslims.com) Published on 16 May 2016 - Last modified on 16 May 2016 Category: Lessons >Acts of Worship > Hajj Objectives · To learn how to perform Hajj. Arabic Terms · Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha " the names of five daily prayers in Islam. · Hajj - A pilgrimage to Mecca where the pilgrim performs a set of rituals. The Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, which every adult Muslim must undertake at least once in their life if they can afford it and are physically able. · Kaba - The cube-shaped structure located in the city of Mecca. It serves as a focal point towards which all Muslims face when praying. · Talbiyah - The proclamation Muslims chant during the pilgrimage. · Sa'ee - It is the walking and running between the hills of Safa and Marwa. · Eid - festival or celebration. Muslims celebrate two major religious holidays, known as Eid-ul-Fitr (which takes place after Ramadan) and Eid-ul-Adha (which occurs at the time of the Hajj). · Tawaf - Circumambulation around the Kabah. It is done in seven circuits. The 9th Day and Beyond The 9th day is indeed a precious day, thus, one is to utilize every moment of it in a productive manner! One of the best things one can do is to supplicate to Allah for all that they desire in this life and in the next. Some may perceive it to be inappropriate to ask Allah for worldly riches, but there is no sin in doing this. -
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Pre-Islamic Arabia The Nomadic Tribes of Arabia The nomadic pastoralist Bedouin tribes inhabited the Arabian Peninsula before the rise of Islam around 700 CE. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the societal structure of tribes in Arabia KEY TAKEAWAYS Key Points Nomadic Bedouin tribes dominated the Arabian Peninsula before the rise of Islam. Family groups called clans formed larger tribal units, which reinforced family cooperation in the difficult living conditions on the Arabian peninsula and protected its members against other tribes. The Bedouin tribes were nomadic pastoralists who relied on their herds of goats, sheep, and camels for meat, milk, cheese, blood, fur/wool, and other sustenance. The pre-Islamic Bedouins also hunted, served as bodyguards, escorted caravans, worked as mercenaries, and traded or raided to gain animals, women, gold, fabric, and other luxury items. Arab tribes begin to appear in the south Syrian deserts and southern Jordan around 200 CE, but spread from the central Arabian Peninsula after the rise of Islam in the 630s CE. Key Terms Nabatean: an ancient Semitic people who inhabited northern Arabia and Southern Levant, ca. 37–100 CE. Bedouin: a predominantly desert-dwelling Arabian ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans. Pre-Islamic Arabia Pre-Islamic Arabia refers to the Arabian Peninsula prior to the rise of Islam in the 630s. Some of the settled communities in the Arabian Peninsula developed into distinctive civilizations. Sources for these civilizations are not extensive, and are limited to archaeological evidence, accounts written outside of Arabia, and Arab oral traditions later recorded by Islamic scholars. Among the most prominent civilizations were Thamud, which arose around 3000 BCE and lasted to about 300 CE, and Dilmun, which arose around the end of the fourth millennium and lasted to about 600 CE. -
1 the Role of the Women in Fighting the Enemies [Please Note: Images
The Role Of The Women In Fighting The Enemies [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers have been added.] By the martyred Shaykh, Al-Hafith Yusuf Bin Salih Al-‘Uyayri (May Allah have Mercy upon him) Introduction In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful Verily all praise is due to Allah, and may the Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family and all of his companions. To proceed: My honoured sister, Indeed for you is an important and great role; and you must rise and fulfill your obligatory role in Islam 's confrontation of the new Crusade being waged by all the countries of the world against Islam and the Muslims. I will address you in these papers, and I will prolong this address due only to the importance of the topic; [a topic] that is in need of double these papers. So listen, may Allah protect and preserve you. The Muslim Ummah today is suffering from types of disgrace and humiliation that cannot be enumerated; [disgrace and humiliation] that it was not familiar with in its previous eras, and were never as widespread as they are today. And this disgrace and humiliation is not a result of the smallness of the Islamic Ummah or its poverty - it is counted as the largest Ummah today, just as it is the only Ummah that possesses the riches and elements that its enemies do not possess. And the question that presents itself is: what is the reason for this disgrace and humiliation that the Ummah suffers from today, when it is not in need of money or men? We say that -
2008 Ramadan Issue
On the way back to Makkah, Aminah became seriously ill with Muhammad (SAW) of either going with his father or staying with fever. Halfway between Yathrib and Makkah, at a place called al- him. Zayd’s reply to his father was: Abwa, they stopped. Aminah’s health deteriorated rapidly. One pitch dark night, she was running a high temperature and called “I shall never leave this man. He has treated me nobly, as a out to Barakah in a choking voice. father would treat his son. Not a single day have I felt that I am a slave. He has looked after me well. He is kind and loving Barakah related: “She whispered in my ear: ‘O Barakah, I shall towards me and strives for my enjoyment and happiness. He is depart from this world shortly. I commend my son Muhammad the most noble of men and the greatest person in creation. How (SAW) to your care. He lost his father while he was in my can I leave him and go with you?...I shall never leave him.” abdomen. Here he is now, losing his mother under his very eyes. Be a mother to him, Barakah. And don’t ever leave him.’ Later, in public Muhammad (SAW) proclaimed the freedom of Zayd. However, Zayd continued to live with him as part of his “My heart was shattered and I began to sob and wail. The child household and devoted himself to his service. was distressed by my wailing and began to weep. He threw himself into his mother’s arms and held tightly onto her neck. -
A Framework of Sustainable Design for the Region of Palestine
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Arts & Architecture A FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FOR THE REGION OF PALESTINE A Thesis in Architecture by Hala Marwan Haddad © 2010 Hala Marwan Haddad Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Architecture December 2010 The Thesis of Hala Marwan Haddad was reviewed and approved* by the following: Ute Poerschke Associate Professor of Architecture Thesis Advisor James Wines Professor of Architecture Madis Pihlak Associate Professor of Architecture Alexandra Staub Associate Professor of Architecture *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. ii Abstract: Many definitions of sustainable design have emerged in the past twenty years, most of which focused on the environmental part of the design process. In recent years, especially with the emergence of sustainable design as an international trend, more attention has been directed towards the social and economic part of sustainable design for a building to be truly sustainable and able of fitting in any context, for the long run. This thesis explores into the different dimensions of sustainable design, studying what makes a building sustainable, and using that as a base to define sustainable design in the region of Palestine, a small country in the northern part of the Middle East and east of Mediterranean, to define a framework of sustainable design. The framework achieved at the end of this study uses the vernacular as a passively sustainable prototype of sustainable design, for its environmental, socio cultural and economic complexity of a building, integrated with modern active techniques, that helped define the framework and helps define the future of the vernacular as a sustainable structure in different regions of the world. -
The Islamic Traditions of Cirebon
the islamic traditions of cirebon Ibadat and adat among javanese muslims A. G. Muhaimin Department of Anthropology Division of Society and Environment Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies July 1995 Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Muhaimin, Abdul Ghoffir. The Islamic traditions of Cirebon : ibadat and adat among Javanese muslims. Bibliography. ISBN 1 920942 30 0 (pbk.) ISBN 1 920942 31 9 (online) 1. Islam - Indonesia - Cirebon - Rituals. 2. Muslims - Indonesia - Cirebon. 3. Rites and ceremonies - Indonesia - Cirebon. I. Title. 297.5095982 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Teresa Prowse Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2006 ANU E Press the islamic traditions of cirebon Ibadat and adat among javanese muslims Islam in Southeast Asia Series Theses at The Australian National University are assessed by external examiners and students are expected to take into account the advice of their examiners before they submit to the University Library the final versions of their theses. For this series, this final version of the thesis has been used as the basis for publication, taking into account other changes that the author may have decided to undertake. In some cases, a few minor editorial revisions have made to the work. The acknowledgements in each of these publications provide information on the supervisors of the thesis and those who contributed to its development. -
Quran-The Linguistic Miracle
1 QUR’AN - the LINGUISTIC MIRACLE BOOK Contents Section 1: The Arabic Language Chapter 1: Introduction to the Arabic Language (Why it’s Unique): .............................................. 4 Chapter 2: Etymology of Arabic (Base Letters & their meanings) ................................................. 7 Chapter 3: Grammar vs Phonetic Languages, and Arabic (Letter Sounds & Shapes): ................. 15 Chapter 4: Richness of 3 Letter Arabic Vocabulary (Rich Meanings): .......................................... 28 Chapter 5: Words longer than 3 Root Letters (Fusing words) ...................................................... 35 Chapter 6: Synonyms and Antonyms: (Words are known by their ‘Relatives’) ........................... 38 Chapter 7 - Classical Arabic Poetry: .............................................................................................. 41 The Generous man & the Mu’allaqah of ‘Amr bin Kulthum ......................................................... 41 Palindromes (spelling something the same in reverse): .................................................. 44 Chapter 8: Balaaghah & Eloquence (Subtle meanings) ............................................................... 45 Past tense (maaDiy) vs Present-Future tense (muDaari’): ............................................... 45 Noun (constant) vs Verb (temporary):.............................................................................. 46 Female Plural used for non-Female objects = ‘Handful’ (less than 10) ............................ 47 Chapter 9: What -
Tutorial in English, Based on the Introduction of Islam
CENTRAL MUSLIM SPIRITUAL BOARD RUSSIA RUSSIAN ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY TUTORIAL IN ENGLISH, BASED ON THE INTRODUCTION OF ISLAM Initial training for educational institutions of secondary and higher level UFA, 2011 Published by the decision of the Editorial Board of the Russian Islamic University (Ufa) Tutorial in English, based on the introduction of Islam. - Ufa Publishing Division of the Russian Islamic University, 2011. - 000 pages. The book contains a mandatory minimum of knowledge, which every Muslim must possess: knowledge of the faith and order of worship to Allah. The book is intended for a wide range of readers. TsDUM Russia, 2011 PREFACE Endless thanks and praise to Allah the Most High, Who has created mankind and the entire universe with divine wisdom and for a great purpose. May blessings and peace be upon Muhammad, the means of compassion to the universe, the most distinguished intercessor and the most beloved Prophet of Allah the Lord, upon his family, upon his companions and upon all those who have followed and continue to follow his holy path. The content of this Introduction to Islam pertains to a branch of Islamic knowledge that provides information about faith (iman) and worship (ibadah). Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him (Sallallahu 'alayhi wa-sallam)1, said that it is compulsory for every Muslim man and woman to acquire knowledge. The knowledge (Introduction to Islam) in this manual gives essential information about faith (iman) and worship (ibadah) which will guide its adherent to happiness both in this world and in the Hereafter. One cannot become a complete and perfect Muslim without learning and believing these essentials, known in Arabic as Dharurah-al-Diniyyah (Necessary Rules of Religion).