DOCSLIB.ORG

Bowhead Whale Feeding Ecology Study (Bowfest) in the Western Beaufort Sea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bowhead Whale Feeding Ecology Study (Bowfest) in the Western Beaufort Sea OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 BOWHEAD WHALE FEEDING ECOLOGY STUDY (BOWFEST) IN THE WESTERN BEAUFORT SEA Final Report National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349 Funding Agency: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region U.S. Department of the Interior 3801 Centerpoint Drive, Suite 500, Anchorage, AK 99503-5823 Contract No. M08PG20021 July 15, 2013 This report does not constitute a publication and is for information only. All data herein are to be considered provisional. OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 Cover photo credit: Julie Mocklin (NMML-AFSC), Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) off Barrow, Alaska, September 2008. NMFS Permit No. 782-1719 This report has been reviewed by the Department of Interior and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 BOWHEAD WHALE FEEDING ECOLOGY STUDY (BOWFEST) IN THE WESTERN BEAUFORT SEA Final Report Prepared for: Environmental Studies Program Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region Bureau of Ocean Energy Management U.S. Department of Interior 3801 Centerpoint Drive, Suite 500 Anchorage Alaska 99503-5823 Submitted through: National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA U.S. Department of Commerce 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115-6349 This study was initiated and supported by the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Region, Anchorage, Alaska, through an Interagency Agreement between BOEM and the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (M08PG20021), as part of the BOEM Alaska Environmental Studies Program. iii OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 REPORT AVAILABILITY This document is available to the public through: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 FAX: (703) 605-6900 www.ntis.gov CITATION May be cited as: Shelden, K.E.W., and J.A. Mocklin, Editors. 2013. Bowhead Whale Feeding Ecology Study (BOWFEST) in the western Beaufort Sea. Final Report, OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114. National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349. Email of corresponding editors: [email protected] and [email protected] iv OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 Project Organization David Rugh1 – Program Coordinator (2007-2010); primary liaison with Minerals Management Service (MMS, now BOEM); delivered the original inter-agency proposal to MMS; set up contracts/grants with the respective institutions and individuals; guided program development; managed the budget; and report editor. Kim Shelden1 – Program Coordinator (2010-2013); set up contracts/grants with the respective institutions and individuals; guided program development; managed the budget; and report editor. Phillip Clapham1 – Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program Leader; primary liaison with BOEM (2010-2013). Julie Mocklin1 – coordinated BOWFEST workshops, assisted with contracts/grants; and report editor (2007-2013). Charles Monnett2 – MMS Contracting Officer Representative overseeing inter-agency agreement (2007-2011). Jeffrey Denton2 – BOEM Contracting Officer Representative overseeing inter-agency agreement (2011-2013). Project Principal Investigators and Participants (in alphabetical order) Billy Adams3 – Boat captain for small-vessel operations (tagging/opportunistic observations). Philip Alatalo4 – Broad-scale oceanographic operations. Carin Ashjian4 – PI of broad-scale oceanographic operations. Mark Baumgartner4 – PI of fine-scale oceanographic operations. Catherine Berchok1 – PI of passive acoustic projects. Frederick Brower3– Boat captain for small-vessel operations (passive acoustics/opportunistic observations). Harry Brower3 – Boat captain during small-boat surveys. Robert Campbell5 – Co-PI of broad-scale oceanographic operations. Rob Delong6 – Analyzed small-boat survey data. Carter Esch4 – Doctoral student working on fine-scale oceanographic and acoustic studies. John “Craig” George3 – PI of boat-based studies and field coordinator for all BOWFEST projects 2008-2012. Stephanie Grassia1 – Analyzed passive acoustic data. Kimberly Goetz1 – Co-PI of aerial surveys. Cyd Hans3 – Assisted with coordinating grants between NMML and NSB. Sara Heimlich7 – Analyzed passive acoustic data. Gil Hillman8 – Developed automated matching program for bowhead whale photographs. Lara Horstmann9(also Horstmann-Dehn or Dehn) – Co-PI of bowhead digestive efficiency research. Bill Kopplin – Skipper of the broad-scale oceanographic vessel Annika Marie. William Koski10 – Analyzed photographs of bowhead whales and calibration targets. Don LeRoi11 – Designed and installed aerial photogrammetric equipment. Dave Mellinger7 – Analyzed passive acoustic data. v OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 Julie Mocklin1 – Co-PI of aerial surveys and aerial photographic projects. Sue Moore12 – Consulted with the passive acoustics team. Sarah Mussoline4 – Assisted with fine-scale oceanographic studies. Sharon Nieukirk7– Analyzed passive acoustic data. NOAA Aircraft Operation Center – Twin Otter pilots: Jason Mansour, Wally Pierce, and Nicole Cabana (2007); Nicholas Toth and Jon French (2008); Nicholas Toth and Chris Daniels (2009); Bradley Fritzler and Rob Mitchell (2010); Bradley Fritzler and Francisco Fuenmayor (2011); mechanics: Ron Pauley (2007-2009); Mike Merek (2009); Rob Miletic (2010); Sean Campbell (2011). Steve Okkonen9 – Co-PI of broad-scale oceanographic operations. Billy Okpeaha3 – Barrow boat captain during small-boat surveys. Melissa Patrician4 – Assisted with fine-scale oceanographic operations. Dave Rugh1 – Co-PI of aerial survey and photoidentification project (2007-2010). Gay Sheffield13 – Co-PI of collection and analyses of bowhead stomach contents. Kim Shelden1 – Co-Chief Scientist on 2011 aerial survey. Christy Sims1 – Aerial survey observer (2011). Mari Smultea14 – PI of literature review on studies documenting bowhead whales in the Alaskan Arctic. Robert Suydam3 – Consultant at the North Slope Borough. Kate Stafford15 – Co-PI of passive acoustic studies and assisted with fine-scale oceanographic operations. Barbara Tudor3 – Assisted with small-boat operations/coordination. Kelly Trask10 – Analyzed photographs of bowhead whales and calibration targets. Dana Wright16 – Analyzed passive acoustic data. Acronyms, Affiliations, and Addresses 1 NMML (National Marine Mammal Lab, AFSC, NOAA Fisheries Service), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349. 2 BOEM (Bureau of Ocean Energy Management), 3801 Centerpoint Drive, Suite 500, Anchorage, AK 99503-5823. 3 NSB-DWM (North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management), Box 69, Barrow, AK 99723. 4 WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), Dept. of Biology, Woods Hole, MA 02543. 5 URI (University of Rhode Island), Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI 02882- 1197. 6 DeLongview Enterprises, Fairbanks, AK. 7 OSU (Oregon State University), Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, 2030 S. Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365. 8 UTMB (University of Texas Medical Branch), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Galveston, TX 77555-1031. 9 UAF (University of Alaska Fairbanks), Institute of Marine Science, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220. vi OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 10 LGL (LGL Ltd, environmental research associates), 22 Fisher St., P.O. Box 280, King City, Ontario, Canada L7B 1A6. 11 Aerial Imaging Solutions, 5 Myrica Way, Old Lyme, CT 06371-1874. 12 S&T-PMEL (Science & Technology-Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, OAR, NOAA), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349. 13 UAF (University of Alaska Fairbanks), Marine Advisory Program, Nome, AK. 14 SES (Smultea Environmental Sciences, LLC), 29333 SE 64th St., Issaquah, WA 98027. 15 UW (University of Washington), Applied Physics Lab, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA 98115. 16 UM (University of Maine), School of Marine Sciences, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469. vii OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 Page intentionally left blank viii OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT ORGANIZATION . v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1 INTRODUCTION . 13 SECTION I - AERIAL SURVEYS Rugh, Goetz, Mocklin, Vate Brattström, and Shelden . 17 SECTION II - PASSIVE ACOUSTIC MONITORING Berchok, Grassia, Stafford, Wright, Mellinger, Nieukirk, Moore, George, and Brower . 75 SECTION III - MOORINGS AND BROAD-SCALE OCEANOGRAPHY A – MOORINGS Okkonen . 143 B - BROAD-SCALE OCEANOGRAPHY Ashjian, Campbell, Okkonen, and Alatalo . 153 SECTION IV - TAGGING AND FINE-SCALE OCEANOGRAPHY Baumgartner . 195 SECTION V - NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH RESEARCH A - LOCAL BOAT SURVEYS George, Tudor, and Delong . 223 B - DIET STUDIES Sheffield and George . 253 C - BOWHEAD WHALE DIGESTIVE EFFICIENCY Horstmann-Dehn and George . 279 SECTION VI - PROJECT INTEGRATION AND CONCLUSIONS . 319 SECTION VII – SUMMARY OF PRODUCTS . 341 ix OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 Page intentionally left blank x OCS Study BOEM 2013-0114 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Bowhead Whale Feeding Ecology Study (BOWFEST) was initiated in May 2007 through an Interagency Agreement (formal title: The bowhead whale feeding variability in the western Beaufort Sea: feeding observations and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bathymetric Mapping of the North Polar Seas
    BATHYMETRIC MAPPING OF THE NORTH POLAR SEAS Report of a Workshop at the Hawaii Mapping Research Group, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI, USA, October 30-31, 2002 Ron Macnab Geological Survey of Canada (Retired) and Margo Edwards Hawaii Mapping Research Group SCHOOL OF OCEAN AND EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII 1 BATHYMETRIC MAPPING OF THE NORTH POLAR SEAS Report of a Workshop at the Hawaii Mapping Research Group, University of Hawaii, Honolulu HI, USA, October 30-31, 2002 Ron Macnab Geological Survey of Canada (Retired) and Margo Edwards Hawaii Mapping Research Group Cover Figure. Oblique view of new eruption site on the Gakkel Ridge, observed with Seafloor Characterization and Mapping Pods (SCAMP) during the 1999 SCICEX mission. Sidescan observations are draped on a SCAMP-derived terrain model, with depths indicated by color-coded contour lines. Red dots are epicenters of earthquakes detected on the Ridge in 1999. (Data processing and visualization performed by Margo Edwards and Paul Johnson of the Hawaii Mapping Research Group.) This workshop was partially supported through Grant Number N00014-2-02-1-1120, awarded by the United States Office of Naval Research International Field Office. Partial funding was also provided by the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), the US Polar Research Board, and the University of Hawaii. 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................5 Ron Macnab (GSC Retired) and Margo Edwards (HMRG) 2. A prototype 1:6 Million map....................................................................................................5 Martin Jakobsson, CCOM/JHC, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH, USA 3. Russian Arctic shelf data..........................................................................................................7 Volodja Glebovsky, VNIIOkeangeologia, St. Petersburg, Russia 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: John V
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MIAH ALLAN BEAL for the Doctor of Philosophy (Name) (Degree) in Oceanography presented on August 12.1968 (Major) (Date) Title:Batymety and_Strictuof_thp..4rctic_Ocean Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: John V. The history of the explordtion of the Central Arctic Ocean is reviewed.It has been only within the last 15 years that any signifi- cant number of depth-sounding data have been collected.The present study uses seven million echo soundings collected by U. S. Navy nuclear submarines along nearly 40, 000 km of track to construct, for the first time, a reasonably complete picture of the physiography of the basin of the Arctic Ocean.The use of nuclear submarines as under-ice survey ships is discussed. The physiography of the entire Arctic basin and of each of the major features in the basin are described, illustrated and named. The dominant ocean floor features are three mountain ranges, generally paralleling each other and the 40°E. 140°W. meridian. From the Pacific- side of the Arctic basin toward the Atlantic, they are: The Alpha Cordillera; The Lomonosov Ridge; andThe Nansen Cordillera. The Alpha Cordillera is the widest of the three mountain ranges. It abuts the continental slopes off the Canadian Archipelago and off Asia across more than550of longitude on each slope.Its minimum width of about 300 km is located midway between North America and Asia.In cross section, the Alpha Cordillera is a broad arch rising about two km, above the floor of the basin.The arch is marked by volcanoes and regions of "high fractured plateau, and by scarps500to 1000 meters high.The small number of data from seismology, heat flow, magnetics and gravity studies are reviewed.The Alpha Cordillera is interpreted to be an inactive mid-ocean ridge which has undergone some subsidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Source, Origin, and Spatial Distribution of Shallow Sediment Methane in the Chukchi Sea
    OceTHE OFFICIALa MAGAZINEn ogOF THE OCEANOGRAPHYra SOCIETYphy CITATION Matveeva, T., A.S. Savvichev, A. Semenova, E. Logvina, A.N. Kolesnik, and A.A. Bosin. 2015. Source, origin, and spatial distribution of shallow sediment methane in the Chukchi Sea. Oceanography 28(3):202–217, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/ oceanog.2015.66. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.66 COPYRIGHT This article has been published in Oceanography, Volume 28, Number 3, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2015 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. DOWNLOADED FROM HTTP://WWW.TOS.ORG/OCEANOGRAPHY RUSSIAN-AMERICAN LONG-TERM CENSUS OF THE ARCTIC Source, Origin, and Spatial Distribution of Shallow Sediment Methane in the Chukchi Sea By Tatiana Matveeva, Alexander S. Savvichev, Anastasiia Semenova, Elizaveta Logvina, Alexander N. Kolesnik, and Alexander A. Bosin 202 Oceanography | Vol.28, No.3 Photo credit: Aleksey Ostrovskiy ABSTRACT. It is essential to study methane in the Arctic environment in order to understand the potential for large-scale greenhouse gas emissions that may result from melting of relict seafloor permafrost due to ocean warming. Very few data on the sources of methane in the Chukchi Sea were available prior to initiation of the Russian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) program in 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Detrital Minerals and Sediment Color in Western Arctic
    Distribution of detrital minerals and sediment color in western Arctic Ocean and northern Bering Sea sediments: Title Changes in the provenance of western Arctic Ocean sediments since the last glacial period Kobayashi, Daisuke; Yamamoto, Masanobu; Irino, Tomohisa; Nam, Seung-Il; Park, Yu-Hyeon; Harada, Naomi; Author(s) Nagashima, Kana; Chikita, Kazuhisa; Saitoh, Sei-Ichi Polar Science, 10(4), 519-531 Citation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2016.07.005 Issue Date 2016-12 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/72245 © 2016, Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Type article (author version) File Information 15030 Final1+MY.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP 1 Distribution of detrital minerals and sediment color in western Arctic Ocean and 2 northern Bering Sea sediments: changes in the provenance of western Arctic 3 Ocean sediments since the last glacial period 4 5 Daisuke Kobayashi1,+, Masanobu Yamamoto1,2,*, Tomohisa Irino1,2, Seung-Il Nam3, 6 Yu-Hyeon Park1,#, Naomi Harada4, Kana Nagashima4, Kazuhisa Chikita5, and Sei-Ichi 7 Saitoh6 8 9 1Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-5, 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan 11 2Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-5, 12 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan 13 3Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomiraero, Yongsu-gu,
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Climate Change Impacts in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas with Strategies for Future Research
    ARCTIC OCEAN SYNTHESIS: ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE CHUKCHI AND BEAUFORT SEAS WITH STRATEGIES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH RUSS HOPCROFT, BODIL BLUHM, ROLF GRADINGER (EDITORS) INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA, FAIRBANKS DECEMBER 2008 1 Arctic Ocean Synthesis: Analysis of Climate Change Impacts in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas with Strategies for Future Research Ian McDonald/ TAMU TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................3 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 6 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................... 18 SEA ICE.......................................................................................................................................... 24 PHYTOPLANKTON (PRIMARY PRODUCTION) .................................................................................. 33 MICROBES...................................................................................................................................... 38 ZOOPLANKTON .............................................................................................................................. 45 BENTHOS ....................................................................................................................................... 56 FISH ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Russian-American Long-Term Census of the Arctic
    This document has been archived. Russian–American Long-term Census of the Arctic Initial Expedition to the Bering and Chukchi Seas July 23, 2004, marked a historic day in Arctic biological, geological, chemical, and physical research and exploration, as well as in Russian– oceanographic sampling strategies to be pursued U.S. relations. On this date the Russian research in the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea. ship the Professor Khromov left Vladivostok, This initial cruise was a collaborative U.S.– This article was prepared by Kathleen Crane, Russia, packed with U.S.- and Russian-funded Russian Federation oceanographic expedition to of NOAA’s Arctic scientists to begin a 45-day collaborative journey the Arctic seas regions shared by both countries: Research Office. of exploration and research in the Arctic. the Bering and Chukchi Seas. These seas and the Stemming from a 2003 Memorandum of Under- life within are thought to be particularly sensitive standing for World Ocean and Polar Regions to global climate change because they are centers Studies between NOAA and the Russian Academy where steep thermohaline and nutrient gradients of Sciences, this cruise was the first activity under in the ocean coincide with steep thermal gradients the Russian–American Long-term Census of the in the atmosphere. The Bering Strait acts as the Arctic (RUSALCA). RUSALCA means “mermaid” only Pacific gateway into and out of the Arctic in Russian. In November 2003 a RUSALCA plan- Ocean and as such is critical for the flux of heat ning workshop was held in Moscow to outline the between the Arctic and the rest of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruise Report
    HLY1202 Cruise Report CRUISE REPORT USCGC Icebreaker Healy (WAGB-20) U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map and sample the US Arctic Ocean margin CRUISE HEALY 1202 August 25 to September 27, 2012 Barrow, AK to Dutch Harbor, AK Larry A. Mayer Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 Andrew A. Armstrong National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Joint Hydrographic Center University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 September 28, 2012 HLY1202 Cruise Report Table of Contents Introduction and Background ............................................................................................. 3 HEALY 1202 Cruise Overview ........................................................................................ 19 Scientific Party .................................................................................................................. 25 HLY1202 Technical Report .............................................................................................. 26 Chief Scientist Log ........................................................................................................... 42 HEALY CTD Log............................................................................................................ 95 XCTD Log ...................................................................................................................... 100 XBT Log ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstruction of Paleo-Circulation in the Western
    Reconstruction of Quaternary Paleo-circulation in the Western Arctic Ocean Based on a Neodymium Isotope Record from the Northwind Ridge Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Rachael Elizabeth Gray, B.S. Graduate Program in Geological Sciences The Ohio State University 2012 Thesis Committee: Lawrence Krissek, Advisor Leonid Polyak W. Berry Lyons Copyright by Rachael Elizabeth Gray 2012 Abstract An understanding of past ocean circulation in the Arctic is critical for interpretations of past global ocean and atmospheric circulation, as well as predictions of future conditions. The Arctic Ocean plays a major role in global climate, due to its contributions to both the North Atlantic Deep Water (and subsequently the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) and the planet's albedo (due to sea ice cover). A sediment core from the Northwind Ridge in the western Arctic Ocean, ~800 km north of Alaska, has been sampled for measurement of radiogenic isotope ratios of neodymium and strontium. Sediment grain coatings were leached from the bulk sediment and measured for 87/86Sr and εNd, a proxy for seawater source. Two leaching solutions, one using buffered acetic acid and the second using hydroxylamine hydrochloride, were applied to sediments. Strontium data suggests that acetic acid best captures the seawater signal, while hydroxylamine hydrochloride leaching likely caused clay contamination of the hydrogenous data. εNd ratios were compared with independent lithologic proxies measured on the core and with results of earlier radiogenic-isotope studies in the Arctic Ocean. Data obtained suggest that radiogenic waters dominated the western Arctic Ocean during the estimated Early Pleistocene, probably due to increased Pacific water inputs and/or enhanced brine exclusion from sea ice formation on the Siberian shelves.
    [Show full text]
  • Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
    PUBLICATIONS Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems RESEARCH ARTICLE Arctic Deep Water Ferromanganese-Oxide Deposits Reflect the 10.1002/2017GC007186 Unique Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean Key Points: James R. Hein1 , Natalia Konstantinova2 , Mariah Mikesell1 , Kira Mizell1,3 , The unique characteristics of Arctic Jessica N. Fitzsimmons4, Phoebe J. Lam3 , Laramie T. Jensen4, Yang Xiang3, Amy Gartman1 , Ocean Fe-Mn crusts and nodules 5 6 7 reflect the unique characteristics of Georgy Cherkashov , Deborah R. Hutchinson , and Claire P. Till the Arctic Ocean and surrounding 1 2 areas U.S. Geological Survey, PCMSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, St. 3 4 Arctic Ocean ferromanganese crusts Petersburg, Russia, Ocean Sciences, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, Department of and nodules are textually and Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, 5VNIIOkeangeologia, St. Petersburg, Russia, 6U.S. compositionally unique within the Geological Survey, Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA, 7Chemistry Department, Humboldt State global ocean Scandium is concentrated only in University, Arcata, CA, USA Arctic Ocean crusts and nodules as the result of sorption on matrix minerals and input of Sc-rich detritus Abstract Little is known about marine mineral deposits in the Arctic Ocean, an ocean dominated by con- tinental shelf and basins semi-closed to deep-water circulation. Here, we present data for ferromanganese Supporting Information: crusts and nodules collected from the Amerasia Arctic Ocean in 2008, 2009, and 2012 (HLY0805, HLY0905, Supporting Information S1 and HLY1202). We determined mineral and chemical compositions of the crusts and nodules and the onset Table S1 Table S2 of their formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Chukchi Borderland Province, 2008
    Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Chukchi Borderland Province, 2008 Chapter C of The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal Professional Paper 1824 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey COVER Northwestward view across the southern foothills of the Brooks Range along Akmagolik Creek, approximately 150 miles southwest of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Exposed rocks are part of the Mississippian–Pennsylvanian Lisburne Group and include a thrust-fault ramp at left. Photo includes two helicopters for scale, a blue-and-white one near the center and a red one at center-right at creek level. U.S. Geological Survey photograph by David Houseknecht. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Chukchi Borderland Province, 2008 By Kenneth J. Bird and David W. Houseknecht Chapter C of The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal Edited by T.E. Moore and D.L. Gautier Professional Paper 1824 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey William H. Werkheiser, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2017 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Icarp Ii – Science Plan 4
    ICARP II – SCIENCE PLAN 4 DEEP CENTRAL BASIN OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN Working Group Membership Bernard Coakley, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, USA (Chair) Sergei Drachev, Shirshov Institute, Russia Hedy Edmonds, University of Texas, USA Jenney Hall, Yale University, USA Wilfried Jokat, Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany Michael Klages, Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany Yngve Kristoffersen, University of Bergen, Norway Ron Macnab, Geological Survey of Canada, Canada Leonid Polyak, Ohio State University, USA Bert Rudels, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Finland Ursula Schauer, Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany Jinro Ukita, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Japan Jörn Thiede, Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany (Liaison to ICARP II Steering Group) Second International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II) Copenhagen, Denmark 10–12 November 2005 www.icarp.dk PREFACE The Second International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP II) was held in Copenhagen, Denmark from 10 November through 12 November 2005 and brought together over 450 scientists, policy makers, research managers, indigenous peoples, and others interested in and concerned about the future of arctic research. Through plenary sessions, breakout sessions and informal discussions, conference participants addressed long-term research planning challenges documented in twelve draft research plans. Following the conference drafting groups modified the plans to reflect input from the conference discussions and input from the ICARP II web site. This science
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Endemic Cetaceans in Relation to Hydrocarbon Development and Commercial Shipping in a Warming Arctic
    Marine Policy ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpol Distribution of endemic cetaceans in relation to hydrocarbon development and commercial shipping in a warming Arctic Randall R. Reeves a, Peter J. Ewins b,n, Selina Agbayani c, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen d, Kit M. Kovacs e, Christian Lydersen e, Robert Suydam f, Wendy Elliott g, Gert Polet h, Yvette van Dijk i,1, Rosanne Blijleven i,2 a Okapi Wildlife Associates, 27 Chandler Lane, Hudson, Quebec, Canada J0P 1H0 b WWF-Canada, 245 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 410, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 3J1 c WWF-Canada, 409 Granville St., Suite 1588, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6C 1T2 d Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland e Norwegian Polar Institute, 9296 Tromsø, Norway f Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK, USA g WWF-International, 1196 Gland, Switzerland h WWF-Netherlands, Driebergseweg 10, 3708 JB Zeist, The Netherlands i Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Agora 1, 8901 BV Leeuwarden, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: The Arctic is one of the fastest-changing parts of the planet. Global climate change is already having Received 30 May 2013 major impacts on Arctic ecosystems. Increasing temperatures and reductions in sea ice are particular Received in revised form conservation concerns for ice-associated species, including three endemic cetaceans that have evolved in 23 September 2013 or joined the Arctic sympagic community over the last 5 M years. Sea ice losses are also a major stimulant Accepted 12 October 2013 to increased industrial interest in the Arctic in previously ice-covered areas.
    [Show full text]