A

CIVIL, COMMERCIAL, POLITICAL, AND LITERARY

HISTORY

O F

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

BY THE LATE

WYNDHAM BEAWES, E s q .

HIS MAJESTV’S CONSUL FOR NEAR THIRTY YEARS AT CADIZ AND SEVILLE.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

V O L . II.

LONDON:

Printed for R . F a u l d e r , New Bond Street; E. Je f f r e y , Pall-Mall; B. L a w ,

Avemary Lane; and J. S e w e l l , Coynhill.

MDCCXCIII. J CONTENTS

OF THE

SECOND VOLUME.

CHAP. PAGE I. On Portugal. Its Situation, Name, Divifton, Archbifhops and Bi- flooprics; Clime, Mines, and Rivers, - I IT. O f the Ffablifbment of Religion in the Kingdom o f Portugal, - 7 III. O f the Efhiblifhment of the Kings of Portugal, 8 IV. O f the civil Government o f Portugal, and its different Tribunals, 9 V . O f the Places in the Law, provided by the King's Bench, except thofe o f Reports, ------2 0 VL O f the principal Officers o f the Palace and Kingdom, - - 23 VII. O f the military Orders, - - - - - 4.0 VIII. A Defcription o f the Province of Entre-Douro and Minho, - 47 IX . Defcription of the Province of Tras os Montes, - - 67 X . A Defcription o f the Province of Beira, - 74 XI. Defcription of the Province of Eftremadura, - - 92 XII. A Defcription o f the Province of Alentejo, - - - 137 X n i. A Defcription of the Kingdom o f Algarve, - - - 174 XIV. A Lip o f the Governors and Captains General that have been of the Kingdom o f Algarve. With a Catalogue of the Latitudes and Lon­ gitudes of the Cities and principal Towns in Portugal, - 168 APPENDIX I, O f the Atlantic Iflands belonging to Portugal, - - - 17 2 II, O f the Titles by which the Grandees or principal Lords of Portugal were difinguijhed in the Year 1735, - 188 III. A Lift of the Fires and Souls in Portugal, - 2x8 \ J D I s S E R T A T;t Q ■ N: $

■ O N

P O R T U G A L<

A V IN G fimilled my Description of the Spantjh Monarchy, I fhallmow proceed to give that of the Kingdom of Portugal, fo far as it differs from H the preceding-one, without, repeating its Hydrography, or other parti­ culars before noticed 3 and which I, have principally tranimated from Don L tdz Gaetano de Lima's Geograjia Hijhrica, as the m oil celebrated Author who: hath treated on the Subject.

C H A P. I.

Its Situation, Name, Divifion, Archbifhops and BiJJjoprics; Clime, Mines, and, Rivers. i i ■ ■ ■■ I .I'..',. '

r p H E Kingdom of Portugal (including that of Algarve) is fituated on the situation. ■ * weilemmoil Part of Spain, between 7 and 10 Degrees of W. Longitude, and from 36: 15 to 42 : 5 Degrees of N. Latitude^ being in Length, from North to South, about one hundred and twenty Leagues from Valencia, on the Fron­ tiers of Galicia, to Sagres, near Cape St. Vincent, on the Coaft of Algarve: Though its Breadth is fomething under forty, reckoning from the Town of Pe- ?itche, on the Sea, to Sahaterra, in the Province of Beira, It joins on the North to the Kingdom of Galicia j eajlusard on that of Leon, Spanijh EJlrema- dura, and Andalufia} and its fouthern and icejlern Limits are bounded by the Atlantic Ocean.

It is fuppcfed, and with feemingly good Reafon, that Geographers are com- Name, monly miitaken in the Etymology of the Name of Portugal. Some French A u ­ thors, and their Followers, will have it derived from Portus Guilds, or Portus ' Gallorum; alledging, as the Foundation of this Opinion, that in ancient Times French Veffels frequenting the River Douro, fettled feme Colonies, as they af- fert, where the City of Oporto now flands, and gave their Town the aforefaid Appellation, which afterwards was extended to the whole Kingdom: But they difagree in Point of Tim e; as fome would have this Event to piecede the Roman Conqucil; others during the Dominion of the firfl-Emperor's; -and others after the Invafion of Spain by the Moors. And although my Intention is not to enter deeply into the Contcfl, yet I think it precifely necefiary to attempt eftabliihing the Truth of the Original of this Denomination, and, at the fame Time, to ei>^ deavour to refute an Opinion fo fallacious. And, firfl, the Name of Portugal, or Portus Gallorum, was never heard o f be­ fore the Coming of the Romans to Spain, as the moil ancient of their Hifloriana V o i, II. * B are DISSERTATIONS on

are filent theteap j nptherffs any/udi JJTamc f$und, $themby Ljfeript^pn, Mcv tlal, or'any oilier Mefnorial of thofe Times ; -To which may'be added, That the L a tin Tongue being unknown in the Provinces of France and Spain, but in Pro­ portion as the Romani went on fubduyig^hem, it was very unlikely the French, before their Subjection* ffiould give L a tin Names to any Settlements* although their frequenting the Ports fhould be allowed. Which Frequency of Gallic Em­ barkations ^ tlie $iver Dyiifo, in flyi Agc^mentionsd, is jiqwever^bmething incredible 5 efpeciaily as it plainly appears, -that there was no other To rt, be- iides that o f Cate, which could cither invite or engage thole Navigators to fo c oxidant a Refort there, as is pretended. And truly there is not a better, or indeed the lead Foundation for the Pre­ tence of the faid Name's commencing in the Reign of the fjrit Emperors -t as it is n o t mkntioped >ifi the Fpiiiap Miftory o f t&ofe Time-s,: nob in the1 <5 bog'raphefs andother GreetWriters of that A ge; :StLLatin Language was loft in the Provinces on this Side the Alps-, and it is incredible that the French fhould have Recourfe to a foreign Language, when they might make UE gf their o,wn, Thus haying refuted tijie Etymology of F.ortus Gpllm, o j P^rtps GAkvum, I ihall not fcruple to affert thq Certainty qf Portugal drawing its origin^ Appel­ lation fi-pm a' Place, at the Mouth o f the River D ouko ^ called Cap by the Ap^ cients, and Gaya by the Modems, through Corruption of (fie Word. A,3 this Tow n was feated on an Eminence, which rendered its Traffic with other Places troublefome, a Part gf thf Inhabitants determined on making a new Settlement on the other Side o f the River, which was afterwards called Rortuqaje, qr Porto dc Cale, becaufe. it fronted (he Town of this i^ame, apd was really a Port to. it, on the River Douro, This Infant Colony increafed fo much in Time, that it became the famous City of Porto; and from that the Name o f Fortucak paffed on the, whole Province. T h e precife Time or Year w,h?n tins, new Eftabhfhrnen.t was made, does not appear j but; it may be fupppfed, with the greateft Probability, not to have bean before the Year; 163,: fo r it is remarkable, that, in the Itinerary, juft men­ tioned, fuppofecl to be written by. the Emperor Antoninus. Pius, where all Charts and the.principal Roads of Spain are minutely described, Mention is made only of Cap, and not of Fortucak; which, affords Matter for a very, ftrong. Conjecture, that this latter was. not then founded* otherwife it would naturally have been, remarked in fo extraordinary a Work. The mod: ancient Memorial that I find of the Appellation of Fortucak, is dated in the Year 338,; in which was celebrated the Hibenan Council, called fo from the. City of that Denomination, or Elvira, whole.Bifhopric was removed to Granada, after the City fell to Ruin. In this Council, according to the Emperor Conjlaniins. the Great’s Order, as it is related by Flour0 Razes, Chronicler, of the Miranuimolin (corruptly fo called for SPAIN and PORTUGAL. 3 for Emir Almoimkmtn, or Elmemunim) of Morocco (and whom Andrdo de ]Re- jende, Mariana, and many other Authors follow), the Dignities dfthe Chtifches in Spain were regulated, and the C ity of Pòrtucale 'aflìgned to the Bifhtìps of Braga; In Tfoceis of Time (though -with ‘the Interval of âboVe twohtindred Years) other Memorials appeared, in which was found the Name df Portatale -, as in the Council of Lugo, celebrated Anno 564, in which likewife the epifcopal Ju- lifdidtions were diftmguifhed : And, in this Council, two Claules ate worthy of Obfervation 3 the hr ft, that herein Perineale was affigned to the Bifhopric of Coimbra, calling it Perineale Cajirum Antiquum 3 and the fee On d is, bÿ tailing the Church of Porto, Belles Portugalenfis in Cajìro Nòve. This Difference be­ tween Cajirum Antiquum and Cajirum Novum, led the Chronologift, Fr. Bernardo de Brito, to beHeve that Portugal was the ancient Town of Cale, or Gaya 3 and Cajirum Novum, the new'City of Pòrto. But the great Antiquary, 'Gajpdr Ejiaco, is of Opinion, that the giving the Name of Portugal to Gujlrum Antiquum, was, pecaufe at the fame Time that the new City of Porto was daily increafing, the Reputation of the Town of Cale was greatly diminiihing; and fo it feeraed ne- ceflary to gdd the faid Appellation, to the End of its being better known : In­ fo much that the Meaning of the Words, Portucale, Cajirum A ntiquum is the fame as to fay, the old Caftle clofe to Portucale, or the City of Porto. ThÌ3 is fonftrmed by the Settlement of the Suevi, reported by Loayfa, in which there is likewife Mention made o f Portugalhee, Cajirum Antiquum-, where antiquum refera to Cajirum, and not to PortugalUœ. In other Councils, as well of Pole do as 'Braga, in the fixth and feventh Centuries, Bifhops Pottugaïlenjes, and fbme- tlmes Porticenjes, are taken Notice of. From all thefe Remarks, it is evidently concluded, that the Name of Portu­ gal is derived from the ancient Town o f Caie, or Gaya, and not from Portia Gàl- lus, or Partus Gailorum. There now remains to inveitigate the Period When thè faid Appellation was transferred from the City of Porto, to all that Territory at preferii termed the Kingdom o f Portugal. Thofe who are but a little verfed in the Roman Hiftory, mnft have remarked, thstt,,- inftead o f Portugal, the Name of Lujitama was anciently given to this Province; which Appellation however does not perfectly correfpond to itr For Portugal at prefent comprehends, various Lands, that did not belong to Lufita- ni-a. 3 and this, extended to other Settlements, which are without the Limits of Portugal. This Denomination, which, it had in the Tim e o f the Romans, either taken from Elija or Lujus, continued, after the Entrance o f the northern Na­ tions mtoBpain, which happened in the Year 412, without any Alteration, from the Conqueft of the Suevi, who occupied' fo great a Share o f it} and in the feme Manner it was preferved under the Moorijh Dominion, until the Reign of King Ferdinando the Great, who died in 1,067. It was in the Reign of this Prince, as Hiftorians generally agree, that the Change of the Appellation of Lufitania for Portugal was made; for (fey they) his approaching Death induced him to make the Divifion of his Dominions among his Sons : He difpofed of the Kingdom o f Cajlik to Don Sancbo 3 that o f Leon to Don Alfonfo-, and' the Territories o f Portugal and Galicia to Don Gar­ da-, and on this Occaiion it was that he made' the Alteration. The Reafon that influenced him thereto, was tills, that the City of Porto Having greatly inereafed its Reputation, and, in confequence* thereof, ipread its Name to feveral Parts o f that Province, he thought proper to comprehend the'Whole under that of Por­ tugal, as taken from a Settlement fo illuftrious. The moil ancient Writing now extant, wherein the' Appellation' o f Portugal is given-to all the Kingdom, bears Date, from the Month o f April, 1069, kept in 'the 'Monaftery of Aroitca, in which are found the following Words, written- in 4 DISSERTATIONS on In the barbarous Stile of that Age: Obtinente Rege Garcia IperatorU Ferrandt Fi- llus Portugale, & fotam Galeciam. FinaJlyj I fhall fubjoin in this Place a Conjecture of the Antiquary, Andrew de Rcfende; who thinks that the new Title of Biihops Portuenfes, found in fome Memorials, inftead of Biihops Portugalenjh, had Birth from the Extenfion of the Appellation of Portuea/e to other Territories, in order to avoid all Equivo­ cation, and the better to diitinguiih the Biihops o f all Portugal from the par­ ticular Biihop of Porte. The Authors who have derived the Name Portugal from Cale, .are* among others, the Chronologift, Durate Galvaon, in Chronica del Rey JD. Alfonfo Hen- riquesAndrew dc Rcjhide, in his Epiille to a Canon of 'Toledo ; the Biihop of Al­ garve, Don Jeronymo OJbrlo, in the Dedication of his Book to King Emanuel ; Johan, de Mariana, in his Hiitoiy of Spain \ Gajpar E/laco, in his Antiquidades de Portugal; and L itiz Marinho de Azevedo, in his Foundation of Lijbon.

PiVlilUD* The Kingdom of Portugal is now divided into fix Provinces; of which the moll meridional forms the Kingdom of Algarve: The other five (commencing from the North) are, Entre-Douro and Minbo, Trazos-Montes, Beira, Eftremadura, and Alentejo. In this Divifion there are only eighteen Cities; but it is to he obferved, that among the many Towns difperfed over the Country, are to be ieen a great Number, fo well peopled, with fuch good Buildings, and carrying on fo confiderable a Trade, that they deferve,’with great Juftice, to be numbered among Cities m any Part o f Europe. ArchiepifL-' Among the Cities are three archiepiicopal, viz. Braga, in the Province of En- I> il Lines. trc-Douro and Minbo; Ever a, in Alentejo; and.JLijbon, in. Eftremadura j this lad, which is the Capital of the Kingdom, was divided in the Reign of King, John V. into oriental and occidental. The firft, not attended now with any Preference, preferves its ancient metropolitan Chair, but with great Diminution of its Rents: And the fecond was eredted into a patriarchal Seat, with the greateft Privileges that any Church enjoys, as may be feen in the golden Bull, expedited by Pope Clement XI. on the yth of November, 1716. r.pifiopnl The epifcopal Cities (following the Order obferved .in' the Provinces) are ten, Lints. viz. Porto, in the Province of Minbo 1 Miranda, in that of Trazos-MontesCoim­ bra, Guar da, Lamego and Vifeu, in Beira; Leiria, in Eftremadura-, Ehas and Por­ ta legre, in Alentejo; and Faro, in Algarve. The Cities which have no Biihops Seats, arc, Braganza, Bcja, Lagos-Syhes, and Tavira. ■ - Befides thefe Archbiihoprics and Bifhoprics in the Kingdom, Portugal has fe­ vers! others in its foreign Dominions and Conqueits. In AJia, the Archbifhop of Goa, Primate of the Eaft-, the Archbifhopric of Serra, called alfo Gang an or; and tire Billions of Cochin, Malacca, Meliapor, and Macao. In America, the Arch- bifliopric of Bam a ; with the Bishoprics o f Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Maran- haon, and gran Para. In Africa, the Biihops of Angola, St. Thomas, and Cabo Verde; and, Iafily, thofe of Angra and Funchal, in the Terceira and Madeira Iilamls. The Climate of Portugal is by many reckoned the moil benign in Europe-, though with great Difference in the Provinces, as thofe in the North are fome- ritnes piercing cold in the Winter, and the jbutbern ones commonly very hot in the Summer: So that I mull diifent from the generally-received Opinion of the Benignity of this Clitne, in Favour of the more temperate ones of Valencia in Spam, and the fouthern Parts of France. Tills Country produces all the Variety of Fruits that Spain does, and which are natural to the meridional Parts of Eu­ rope, and fome m a greater Perfection than are to be found in its neighbour­ ing States: It yields great Quantities of Wine and Oil; though, even in the beft SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 5 . of Years, the Harvefl is not fnfficient for the Con lump lion of the Kingdom. ;

VOL. II. * C The 6 DISSERTATIONS on Miahch The Minbo, ipringmg in Gab cut near Cajlro de Rey, waters the Cities of Lugo, Orerife, and Lay, being afliited by the Waters from fome Rivulets; and, after dividing Part of the faid Kingdom from the Province of Entre-Douro and Minim, it lofes itfelf in the wejlern Ocean, at a little Diftance from Camtnha. Oiiadrsriii, The G uadi ana rifes in New-Cajlile, and hides itfelf for fome Leagues above Calatrava; but appearing again, it continues its Courfe, and wafhes the Towns o f Ciudad-Real, Merida, and Badajoz: From hence declining foutlnvard, it firft croifes a Part o f the Province of Aientejo, and afterwards feparates Andahtfia. from the Kingdom of Algarve, falling into the Ocean between Cajlro-Marin and Ay a monte. Among the Rivers of lefs Note, are reckoned the Cava do, Cay a, Co a, Leva, Lima, Mondego, Neiva, Paiva, Sadaon, Tavora, Vouga, Zezere, and others,

C H A P. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 7

C H A P . IL

O f the Eflablifljment o f Religion in the Kingdom o f Portugal.

H E State of Religion 111 Portugal was under the fame Cloud, as has been Religion, defcribed in Spain, when the glorious Light o f the Gofpel appeared, to chafe away the Shadows of Idolatry, and eftabliih in its room the Chriftian Law, as tire only Guide to Salvation. This was unhappily obfcured, firft, by the Cori- qucft of the northern Nations, and afterwards by the Moors; nor could it be fo foon reftored as in Spain, fmce the Portuguefe feparated from that Kingdom, and by its own Monarchs not having a fuffident Power to fhake off the Saracen Yoke, till Pelagias begun, and other Proceeding vidorious Princes perfected the W ork of Reconqueft: And in Proportion to their Succefs, and Acquifttion of Terri­ tory, a due W orihip was reftored, and xh.^ Roman Catholic Faith been profeffed in his moft Faithful Majefty’s Dominions ever fmce.

CHAP. DISSERTATIONS ' on

CHAP. III.

O f the EJlablifoment o f the Kings ^Portugal.

T T A v in g a Defign to compofe an hiftorical Compendium of this Kingdom, - if I am encouraged thereto by my prefent Labours meeting with a favour­ able Reception from the Public, I ihalJ now only treat (and that briefly) o f the Effablifhment of its Kings, from the Period of its Separation from the Domi­ nion o f Spain* itingi. Alfonfo VI, King of Leon and Cajlik, being at War with the Moors, folicited Affiftance from feveral Princes; and having received it from Earl Henry (fourth Son o f his Namefake, Duke o f Burgundy, and Grandfon to Robert, Brother to Henry I. King o f France), who entered Spain to afford it him, hi the Year 1080. He did that Prince fuch figrial Services, as induced him to give the Earl in M ar­ riage to one of his Daughters, called Queen Fare)a (according to the Title and Treatment given by the Kings of Spain in thofe Times to their legitimate Fe­ male Children), with all the Lands gained, or to be gained from the Moors, in the Limits of Portugal, From tills auguft Alliance was born the Infante Don Alfonfo-Benrtques, whofe Defendants to this Day occupy the Throne, as will be {hewn in the above-propofed Hifrory. The Year of Portugal" s new Erection into the Title of a Kingdom, was 1139, on Occafion of the celebrated Battle of Ourique; when the aforefaid Infante Don Alfonfo being about to engage with Ifmar, accompanied by four other Moorijh Monarchs, his Troops proclaimed him King, a little before the Action, in which, he obtained a moil important Victory. This Title was afterwards acknow­ ledged and confirmed by Pope Alexander III. in the Year 1179, by a Bull, ft ill preferved in the royal Archive, called the Forre do 'tombo. Some Authors make this Confirmation more ancient, attributing it to Innocent II, others to Lucius II, and others, finally, to Eugeni us III ■ fo that the Kingdom o f Portugal reckons upwards of fix: hundred Years from its firft Foundation to the Year 1767, the Time I am writing this: And the Houfe, which at prefent reigns in Portugal, is the fame that commenced its Settlement j a Circumftance feldom feen in the other Sovereign Families of Europe. The Dominion of Spain lafted for the Space o f fixty Years (under the Reigns o f three Philips), viz. from 1580 to 1640; in which laft Year, on the ift of December, the moft Serene Houfe of Braganza, right Heirs to the Crown, took PoiTeffion of It, in the Perfon o f King John IV, Grandfon to the Duchefs Katherine, and great Grandfather to King Jofepb, now reigning.

CHAP. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 9

CHAP. IV.

O f the civil Government o f Portugal, and its different 'Tribunals.

H E civil Government of this Kingdom, confifts of different Councils and Government. Tribunals; o f which I ftiall give a fucciirCt Account. And though this may not be fo perfect as I could wiili; it is the beffc I could procure from turn­ ing over every authentic W riter who has treated on the Subject, without iparing any Pains to render my Relation as complete as poiliblc; yet I am conlcious of a Deficiency for Want of original Records, unattainable by any Individual: Rut I may however venture to after t, that there has not appeared in Print any one with fewer Faults, than what I now offer to the Public.

CORTES. This Name is given in Portugal to the Parliament, or an AfTembly of the three Cortes. States of the Kingdom, viz. the Ecclefiaftical, Nobility, and Commons: in which the Kings acknowledge fo great an Authority, that they funrmon them to meet by convocatory Letters, to determine Affairs of the greateft Importance; fuch as the Succeffion to the Crown! Impofition of new Taxes, and other prin­ cipal Concerns of the Government. The Cudom of lummonIng thefc Cortes is fo ancient in Portugal, that, even fo far hack as the Time of Earl Henry, they met in Guimaraens, as Is mentioned in fomc Records; and, in the Reign of King Alfonfo-Henrtques, was held the famous Cortes of Lam ego, in which was regulated that fundamental Point, of excluding all foreign Princes from fucceeding to the Crown. The Affembly meet in the Place where the Court refides; and it is cuf- tomary for the Sovereign to aililt at it, in his royal Robes, with the Scepter in las Hand, accompanied by the principal Officers of the Houfhold, Kingdom, and Juftice. On the Part o f the Nobility, all who bear Titles and, are Lords of Lands have a Pvight to f it ; of the Ecclefiaffics, the Archbiihops and Bifhops ajrd of the Commons, the Procurators for, or Reprefentatives of, the Towns and Cities. The laft Cortes held in Portugal, were in the Reign of Peter II, in D e­ cember, 1697, in order to caufe his Son Don 'John (Prcdeceffor to the reigning Prince Don Jofepb) acknowledged for his Succcffor. This A ft was judged ne- ceiiary to abrogate the Article of the Cories of Lam?go, where it was eitablifired, That the King dying without Sons, his Nephew's could not fucceed, notwith- ftanding they were Kings Sons, without being elected by the Cortes. Some Years before (in the Reign of the laid Peter) another Article had been difpenfed with by the Cortes, made in tire Year 1679, That the moft Serene Infanta, Donna Jja- bel, his Daughter, by a firft Marriage, might obtain the Succeffion to the Crown, notwithftanding her eipoufing a foreign Prince, the Duke of Savoy. I thought proper to take Notice here of thefe two Afrs, not only to advife of the laft Cortes held in the Kingdom ■, hat to flrew, with fuch evident Teftimonies, that, not- witlrftanding the Year in which the Cortes of Lanugo were held does not appeal', yet this does not hinder their having the Force of a fundamental Raw, as the People have admitted them with a tacit Confetti, and the Kings have fubmitted to the Obfervance of all their Articles. Vol.IL * D CO UN- IO DISSERTATIONS on

COUNCIL OF STATE.

Council of Here is one fupreme Council, in which all the principal Affairs appertaining State. to the Government of the Kingdom are treated o f and dilculied. Herein all Dignities, as well ecclefiaftical as civil, are conftituted; all Governments, De­ puties, Employs and Foils (not immediately depending on another Tribunal), are fupplied; and thofe which are of a different Divifion, have an Appeal to this. Here efpecially all Archbiihops and Bifhops of the Kingdom, as well oil the Con­ tinent as in the Iflands ; all Viceroys, Captains-general and Governor o f Pro­ vinces, and any other Territories fubjedt to the Kings <Ä Portugal, are appointed: Here all Propofttions for W ar or Peace are deliberated; all Negotiations regu­ lated ; all Em baffles and Refidents, with the proper Perlons to whom fuch Com- miliions may be entrufled, are determined: And, finally, to this Council belongs file Confutation of the King’s Alliances, and thofe of the Royal Family. The Inftitution o f this Council is attributed to Queen Katherine, during the Minority of her Grandfon Don Sebafiian, in Imitation of one at Madrid under this Title; and the full Counfellor of State was Laurenlzo P i res de Tdvora, Lord of the Eflate of Caparica. Anciently no other Council was known in Portugal, but that called the King’s Council; in which, befides Prelates and other Fer- fons of the greateft Diftindlion, as well thofe expert ill Feats of Arms as other Services, there were entered Men of Letters, with the Titles o f Judges and upper Judges (fmee changed for the Denomination of Dcfembargadores de Paß) ; and, though the Exercife of the Fundtion has long fmee ceafed, yet the Title ftill con­ tinues to all the Grandees, fomc of the principal Governors, and the Mini fliers of feveral fupreme Tribunals. This Council being thus fettled, great Regard has always been had as to the Choice of its Members, efpecially that they be of the high eft Rank. Thofe, in the Year 1732, were their Eminences the Cardinals of Cunba, Pereira, aild Mot a ; and Don Thomas de Almeida, firft Patriarch of Wefi-Lijbon: Among the Seculars, were the Duke of Cadaval; Don Jayme de Mello, Marquis of Alegrete; aild the Earls of Aveiras and Affumar. Which I mention, to give the Reader an Idea of the great Perfonages compofmg this Council, and in Want of the prefent Lift, which, as it is unneceffary, I have not been very felicitous to procure. The Kings ufed frequently to affift at this Council, though the Cuflom hath, been otherwife for many Years p a il; and, in Abfence of the Sovereign, the Se­ cretary colledls the Votes of the Courtfellors for a Determination. W hen they are wanted to confult about Bufmefs, he diredls their aifembling, and the giving of their Votes m Writing, T h e Secretary of State is properly the Secretary to this Council, who is afliffed by one fuperior and feveral inferior Officers, and are eledled out o f the moil noted Perfons for Capacity, Integrity, and Difpatch.

S E C R E T A R Y o f S T A T E ’S O ffice . F.'il'iiiry of This Office is very ancient in the Kingdom; but, in the third Year of the Suic'i Office. Reign of John IV, which was Anno 1643, that Prince gave it a new Form, or ra­ ther reilored it to its primitive Inftitution, dividing, by his Letter Patent o f the 29th of November, the Matters appertaining to the faid Office, that of the Grants and that of Diipatches. Accordingly I have here copied and tranflated verba­ tim the faid Letter, that the abovementioned Partition may be feen more clearly.

The L e tt e r P a t e n t . “ I, the King, make known to thofe who fhall fee this Letter, that it appear- “ ing to me by the three Years Experience 1 have had, fmee by the Favour of “ God I took Pofteffion of this Crown, that the Affairs o f its Government, as " well SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. l( well in Peace as W ar, run all through the Secretary of State's Office, without lt Diftinbtion of the Quality and Subftance of them ; with immenfe Trouble to t( the Mimfter who ferves, or ihall ferve me in that Occupation, and with lei’s *l Cleamefs and Diftm ition than is right: I therefore, drifting to give an eafy iC and brief Expedition to the Difpatch, as convenient to the Service of God (( and mine, and for the Benefit of the Public, availing myfclf on the Example “ of other Kingdoms, and accommodating myfelf to the Intent and Authority £i with which the Secretary o f State’s Office was firft eretted, do divide die Mat- ci ters which in former Times were connected with it, from others, that, ac- 11 cording to their natural and original Inftitution, do not belong to it; af- though, through the Abufe of Time, the contrary hath been introduced. I iC eiteem it right, and command, That henceforward there appertain to, and be £C expedited by the fa id Office, all Matters regarding the State, as well in the “ Kingdom as in all its Dominions and Conquefts; that all being joined in one cC Minifter, folely applied to this Occupation, without being diverted by others, fi his Comprehenfion and Difpatch of Affairs (at p re lent fo much and remarfc- “ ably increafed in tiffs Crown) may be the eaffer: And alio all my Correfpond- u ence with other Princes, in regard to Peace or War; and any Truce, Peace or W ar, that I ihall order to be made, or not made; Contrails, Marriages, A l- fiances, In (fractions, public or private Advices, which Ihall be given to any of (C my Ambaffadors, Commiftaries, Reffdents, Agents, and all others of whatib- tC ever Denomination they be, Affairs of the aforefaid Quality fhall be difpatched by him both within and without the Kingdom. As aifo every Piece o f Intel- *e ligence, given verbally or in Writing, upon any thing touching our Kingdom,

SECRETARY’S O f fic e of G r a n t s a n d D i s p a t c h e s . r.r This is a Separation from that of the Secretary of State, to which John IV, ft1"'1 ailigned diftimft Matters by the afore-recited Letter Patent, o f 1643, ordaining that it Ihould be called the Office of Grants and D [[patches. As the faid Letter Patent is in this Particular very fuccindt, I ihali note individually the Bufmefs of this Diviiion; though I muft previouily obferve, tliat fome Affairs are fre­ quently di ("patched in one Office, which, according to the Letter Patent, are in Pie Diviiion of the other, probably from the Similitude there is in the faid A f­ fairs. Firft, there belongs to this Office the Con Filiations about providing the Employs of the Commonwealth; fuch as Efcrivacm, Clerks to the Chambers of the Kingdom, public jufticc, Taxes, Orphans, Exrifcs; civil Law, of the Court anti City; Receivers, and their Clerks; Treafurers, and all others of jufticc and Revenue, iubordinate to the Judges of the Palace; Council of the Treafttry; an Affembly of the three States; Table of Confcience, and the other Tribunals; except the Minifters and Secretaries of them, whofe Appointment and Nomination are difpatched by the Secretary of State’s Office. In the lame Manner the Confultations for providing the military Employs, from a Captain to a Lieutenant-colonel’s Poft, inclufive, either of Infantry or Cavalry. The Confultations about Places of Letters, from that of a Ju iz de Fora (an ordinary Judge) unto thofe of the firft Bench, except any Place of a Habit. All Confultations to difpenfe with Laws, and for Judgments and Ap­ peals ; Frovifion o f Benefices in the military Orders; of Abatements, or can­ celling fome Debts owing to the royal Revenue, and the Payment of fome Works of public Utility from the Produce of the Excife; thofe of Alms, or Succour to any Community; the Nomination of Judges for Caufes; and Com­ plaints of Sentences, preferred by the chief Harbinger. There alfo appertains to this Office all the Grants which the King makes o f tire Habits of the three Orders; as alfo of Annuities, Chapels, and Eftates be­ come void by Abfentces, Confifcations, Co mm end am s, Lieutenancies, and Seig­ niories of Lands. And if it happens that in luch Difpatches a Grant of Earl is SPAIN and PORTUGAL. i3 13 included, Dr a Life in iome Title, the Secretary of this Office fhall, by Writ* ing, acquaint the Secretary of State therewith, to the End that he may pafs the Grant j in the fame Manner the Secretary of State is to aft with the other, wheii there fhall be included any particular Grant, by advifmg him o f the Quality of it, that he may pafs the Difpatches accordingly: However, many Difpatches; notvvithilanding thefe Difpolitions, are made out at the Secretary of State’s Of­ fice, without a formal Participation to the Secretary of Grants, they only ap­ pearing there extrajudicially. Finally, all Permits to foreign and Poftuguefe Merchant-firips, for palling the Tower of Belem, are expedited by this Office; except the Pbrtuguefe Merchant­ men which go with Licence out of the Body of the Flota, as thefe carry Paflh ports from the Secretary of State, figned by the King.

SECRETARY’S O ffice of Subscriptions . This Office was created in order that a particular Secretary ihould carry up to sub- the King all Letters Patent, Provifions and Patronages, which have palled any fi:nption3. Tribunal, for his Majefty’s Approbation j except Papers drawn up in the Offices o f the Secretaries of State and Grants, as thefe carry the Papers the ml elves, in-* dependent of the Secretary of Subfcriptions, The Creation of this Office was in the Reign of John IV, and, its firfi: Secre­ tary, jbiionlo Cabide; but his long Sufpenfion, during the Government of Queen Luiza, was fupphed by Antonio de So a fa L'avarcs, Defmnbargadar do Pap. King AJfcnfo VL reftored him to the Exercife of his Funftion, in which he conti­ nued till his Deceafe: After palling through various Hands, in different Reigns, it was given to Bartbolomeu de Souja Mcxica, Counfellor of the Revenue, who, in the Year 1707, was appointed to be Secretary to the Office o f Grants and Difpatches, and preferved his former Employ with it; and, at his Death, all the three Secretarilhips were united in Diego de Men dor a Cor te-Real, then Se- cretaiy of State,

COUNCIL of WAR. This was eftabliihed in the Reign of John IV, by a Decree bearing Date the Council of n th o f December, 1640, with the Intent of giving a better Form to the Af- W“‘ fairs of W ar, by treating o f them in a particular Council. The Plan o f its Government is of the 2 2d of December3 1643, and conliffs o f twenty nine A r­ ticles. The Perfons whom the King nominates for Counfellors of War, are always of the greateft Authority, as well for their Nobility, as for their Services and military Experience; and the Place being for Life, the Secretary ib advifes them on taking their Scat. By the abovementioned Regulation, the King orders, that there ihould fikewife be in tins Council two Lawyers, viz. a Fifcal and a judge Accefhr (tlois latter to have been one of the Defembargadores do P a p ) foi* all martial Cafes, whether civil or criminal; fo as the Fault does not deferve more than a Degradation o f five Years, which {hall be fentenced in Court by the Votes of two Counfellors and the faid Judge: But on the examining more weighty Caufes, and fuch as merit Death, the Judge Accefhr ihall advife the Board thereof, and the Secretary call in two Defembargadores, who, with the faid Judge Acceffor (now ierving as Judge Relator), and with the Afliftance and Votes of two Counfellors (the oldeff of which is to vote laft), fhall determine and fentence the faid Caufes. Befides the aforementioned Minifters, there is a Secretary, affifted by a chief and feveral fubaltern Officers; a Porter, a Servant, a Solicitor, and a Notary. In this Council, all Matters of War, or iuch as have any Relation to it, are treated ofi Here alfo all military Polls, from a Captain to the Governors of Vox,. II. * E Arm?' Arms of Provinces, and Captains-general of Armies, are conferred; whofe Com millions being expedited in the W ar Office, fubfcribed by its Secretary and pijla, and certified by two Counfellors, are figned by the King. . This Office likewifc appoints its own Judge Accejfor and Fiical (who only ferve on Notice from the Secretary), Adminiitrators and Auditors-general of all the Provinces. The other military Employs, from a Sergeant to a Captain exclufive (on their ffrfl Promotion), are difpofed of in this Council by a Majority of Votes : And it is they alfo who have the Right of appointing all Captain-majors, Sergeant* majors, and Captains of the Ordenan$a7 who are in this Country the chief OF ficers of the Militia. This Council hath the Infpedtion of all Fortifications, maritime Prepara­ tions, Armaments, Ammunition of War and Provifions, Quarters for Troops, Hofpitals, Magazines, Foundcries and Trains of Artillery} although fome of thefe Particulars have at prefent various Divifions, and appertain immediately to other Tribunals. The Council meet in the Palace, in a Houfe which the faid King fohn de- ftined for the Purpofe; where there is a Canopy, and under it a Chair for his Majefty, whenever he pteafes to fill it. The Counfcllors fit on Benches with Backs, which are laid down when the King is prefent. The Judge Accejfor and the Defmbargadores have jointly the fame Seat: The Secretary and Prom - tor da JuJUciii (or Promoter) have no other than Stools, which are removed at the Time his Majefty perfonally afiifts } and the Secretary always hands at the Table in the royal Prefence, except when he writes the Difpatcbes then ordered, as this he does on his Knees. The Precedence of Places, and Votes of the Counfcllors, are regulated according to their Dignity and the Antiquity of their Titles j andrthoie without Titles take Place from the Priority of their Patents. At tins Board alfo the Counfellors of State may aiflil, if they pleafe, preferably to other Counfellors, both in Seats and Votes.

Defembargo do Pap, or tbe K in g 's Bench. This Tribunal hath a more ample Power and Jurifdiction than any other in the Kingdom. Here all Places of Learning, as well for the civil as the crimi* nal, are difpofed of, viz. Juizes dc Fora, Gorrcgedores, and Provedores das Cb* mareas; The five Corregedors of the Wards of Lijbon ; the Corregedores, in civil and criminal Affairs, of the Court and City- theMiniffers and Dcfembargadores of the Houfe of Requeft in Lijbon, and of the Houfe of civil Concerns and Re­ lation of Porto f the two Judges of the Crown, and Adis o f the Treafury; the two Ouvidores of criminal Caufes} the Judges of Chapels, of the Crown and Chancery; the Commiffary of Orphans and Chapels, he of the Refidue and Captives; the Ouvidor of the Cuftomhoufe, and the Judge of India and Mines. In the fame Manner it alfo fills all Places of the Law in die Conquefts, without excepting diofe Relations of Bahia and Goa. Excepting however, from tins jurifdidrion, the Provifion of Minifters of fuch Tribunals, as are not properly Tribunals of Juffice; the Judges of Orphans, of civil and criminal Suits in Lijhon and its Diftrift; the Judge of Property, the Ouvidores of Companies, Judges of Privileges; and Ouvidores of moil: of the Lands granted, m , thofe of the Queen, of the Houfes of Infant ado, Braganca, and many others. In fine, it difpofes o f all the Offices o f Juffice, even thofe of lefs Graduation; and the Fireadores and Ejcrivanos, or Notaries of the Cham* hers of Towns and Cities, not being o f thofe granted. The fame Court determines all Contentions about Privileges j regulates the Limits of Junfdidtions, as well fecular as ccclefiaftical; approves of the Briefs of Nuncios, on their Arrival in this Kingdom, after an Examination by the Pro­ curator of the Crown; grants the Review of thofe Caufes it thinks proper, and judges SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. i$ judges whether the King ought to pardon in Crimes wanting a Party. It is here that the Pragmáticas are made, and the Revocation of fome Laws. It palles the Provtfions o f various Grants; and, generally, all the Letters or Letters Pa­ tent of Inftitutions, Confirmations and Subrogations of Entails, and Chapels of Legitimations, Adoptions, Privileges, privileged Places, Supplements orDif- peniatiohs of Age and Nobility. Finally, by this Court are granted Letters oí Protection, or what are called Letters of Security, Though the Jurifdidtion of this Tribunal was fo great, yet it had a new Aug­ mentation in the late Reign of John V , by a Law, figned the 24th of July, 1713; bv which were ailigned to tills Court, and in the lame Manner to leve- ral others, fundry Affairs, which till then had been only carried to them for Coniultation, The Iniliiution of this Court was not 111 the Reign of John II, as fome Au­ thors affirm; the fald Prince having only new-modelled it, by feparating the judges of the Palace from the other Minifters of his Council. There hath always been iti Portugal Men of Letters, who, in Company of other qualified Perfons, difpatched jointly with the Kings, and confirmed their Refolutions. So it continued in the firft Reigns, as appeal's from the W ritings of thofe Times, notwitliffanding the apparent Neceffity there was of favouring Arms, in the Reign of John I. it was called “ the King's Bench, and his Coun­ cil.;'’ in that of .¿‘lifonjb V. it was intitled iC the high Court of Juftice and Peti­ tions fi' and afterwards, that <( of the Palace.” In the Time of John II, the Bu- fmefs that is now t ran failed in this Court was regulated; and the Defembarga- ¿ores óf the Palace have continued difpatching, with the King, the Affairs of their Divifion, without mixing in any other Tribunal. King Manod continued it in the fame Form ; and his Succeffor, John III, ailigned the Members a pro­ per Place in the Palace, for them Meeting and Deliberations, previous to their coming to his Prefence, which was named the Cafmha, or little Houfe: And, till the Reign of King Se baft an, there was no Prefident at this Council, as the King always dilpatchcd with his Minifters; but the laid Prince created tins new Em­ ploy, by appointing Don Joaon ¡he Melle, Archbifhop of Ever a, the firft Presi­ dent, very much to the Difguft, and notwithstanding the Complaints, of the Connie Hors. T h z Defembargadores of the Palace^ or the Minifters of his Majefty’s Council, bciides being Men eminent for Learning, are frequently fo by their Birth and Dignities, this Office not being incompatible with that of a Bifhop: As, in the Reign of King Maned, the Defembargadores of the Palace, were Don Pedro Bifhop of Guarda, and Don Diego Pinhdro, B fill op o f Funchal; In the Time of King John III, this Place was filled by Don Gonzalo Pinhetro, Biihop of Tangier; with tins Circumftance, that the King gave it him in Recompence of his Ser­ vices, efpccially his good Behaviour in his Embaffy to the Court of France, and in his Negotiation at Bayonne, as appears by the Grant given him in Lijbon, on the 14th of November, 1548 ; In the Reign of King Sebajlian, it was occupied by the aforementioned, Don Joaon de Mello, afterwards Archbifhop of Evora, railed to the Prefidency o f the laid Council, as has been obferved. Omitting the other Privileges which the Defembargadores of the Palace now enjoy, I fhall only mention two very principal ones, viz. That they difpatch on Good-Eridiiy, feated with his Majefty, the Pardons which he grants to Delink quents, where there is no Party: And enjoy the Privilege of Fidalgos, and Title - of King’s Counfellors, and their Sons the Privilege of young Fidalgos j which is the fame as is given to the Children of Gentlemen with Titles, and Perfons of the prime Nobility. This Tribunal Confifts o f a Prefident; ab uncertain Number o f Defembdrga- dores: Five Notaries of the Chamber; one of them properly Notary of the Dif­ patch i6 DISSERTATIONS on patch of the Table, and the Diflribution o f Juftice; Another of the Divifion of Minfa and Iras os Montes, another of the Divifion of Beira, the fourth Of the Divifion s of Aient Jo and Algarve, and the laft o f Efiremadura and Ultramar ; a Treafurer, Diftributer, and various other Officers of lefs Importance. The high Court of Chancery, of the Court and Kingdom, is fubjeil to this Tribunal; and is compofed o f a Chancellor, Vendor, fome Notaries, aTreafu- rer, Porter, and other Officers* ■

Cafa da $upptica$aon, or C ourt o f R equests.

Court of This is the greateft Tribunal of Juftice in the Kingdom, as well for the civil Rcqucfe. as criminal, as it; is called in its Inftitution. It has its, Seat in Lijbm, in the Fabric which for many Years ferved as a Palace for the Kings of Portugal, be­ fore the building that of A lc a n a in the Reign of K m gD iniz. Befidcs the ge- nerical Denomination of ReJacaon, which extends to the other Rela$aon$ of the Kingdbm and Conquefts, it has particularly the Appellation of Cafa da Suppli- ca$aon, by rcafon of the Petitions of Grievances, or Libelli JupfUces, which were preiented to the Kings when they went to this Court. The faid Petitions of Grievance gave Denomination to the Rela^aon o f Lijbon, but did not change its In dilution 3 for the aforefaid Court o f Requefts is alfo one- for civil Caufes, like that o f Porto-, and in the fame Manner the civil Court of Porto has a Relation, and a Tribunal of Grievances, as the Court of Requefts at Lijkon, without any other Difference than that of Appeals, and o f the Lands or Provinces that be­ long to it, This Tribunal was infrituted in the Reign of King John I, and gave to it for Regent, Iris Nephew, Don Fernando de Guerra, afterwards Bifhop of Porto, and fucccffively Archbiihop of Braga, Grand ion of the Infante Don Joaon, who was one o f the Sons o f King Pedro I. and Queen Tgnez de Cafiro; and he remained in the faid Employ till his Death, In its fuft Beginning he was called Prefi- dent of the Court of Requefts, who is now termed. Regedor das Jufticias (chief Juftice); as appears among other Memorials from the Grant of the aforefaid Precedency, made to Rodrigo Gomez de Aharenga, Father to Lopo Soares da AI- bergaria, Governor of India, which the famous jurift, Jorge de Cabedo, affirms par, l. to have feen in the Original. This Court was held in various Places after -its firft Seilion in Lijbon, and, among others, in the Town of Lorres-Novas, where it fat in the Reign of John IT 5 Garcia de Re­ who made the Judges pafs to the City o f Evora, where they fentenced the great tende, Cliron. del Rey D. depending Caufe of the Duke of Bragan^a, in/the Year 1483. Jo.ion. IT. The ordinary Jurifdifrion of this Tribunal extends to the Provinces of Efre- «P-4Î- madura, Alentejo, and Algarve, as alfo to the Dlftrifl of Cafelhbranco, although comprehended In the Province of Beira. Befides this particular and ordinary Jurildidton, it hath the great Privilege to take Cognifance of the Grievances and Appellations of the civil Court of Porto, in Caufes that palled from its A p­ peal; in fuch fort, that if the Suits in the faid Tribunal exceed the Sums which are there mentioned, an Appeal lies from the Sentences there given, to the Court o f Requefts at Lijbon, where it is finally determined. This Court o f Requefts alfo includes all thofe of Appeals } befides, the Re­ view of Sentences in Eftates, that exceed the Value of three hundred and fifty M il Reh, and in Moveables that furpafs four hundred, according to the Law made by Pedro II, on the 26th of June, 1696. Oidcn, liv. i, cap. 5. This Tribunal is compofed of forty Mlnifters, which the Statutes appoint in the following Order: A Chancellor; ten Ljejembargadores of Complaints and Appeals; two criminal Corregedores of the Court; two ditto, in civil Affairs, alfo of the Court; two Judges of the Suits of the Crown and Revenue; four Ouvtdores of Appeals in criminal Caufes; a Procurator in Suits of the Crown, and SPAIN and PORTUGAL. and another in thole of the Revenue ; a Judge of the Chancery, a Promoter of Juftice, and fifteen extraordinary Dejhnhargadorcs; though iome few Years ago the Number of thefe latter were increafed to eighteen; and o f the four Ouvidores in criminal Caufes, two were taken away. Thefe Minifters meet in a grand Saloon, and fit at feven Tables, in the fol­ lowing Marnier. In the Middle of the Room, again ft the W all, and fronting the Door, ftands a great Table, at which the chief Juftice preftdes, lea ted on a backed Chair, under a Canopy; and on his Sides, on fluffed Rene lies, the ten Dcfembargadores o f Complaints; on the right Hand of this large Tabic, is placed another, for the two criminal Court Corregcdores: After this ftands a fecond, where the two Judges of the Crown and Revenue aifift; and where alfo concur the King’s two Solicitors, and the Judge of Chapels likewife difpatches: A third Table follows for two of the extraordinary Dcfembargadores, who take Place here, as it is not given them at the other Tables for the joint Judges: On the left Hand of the great Table, is fixed one for the Dejhnbargadores of Complaints; whither they defeend from the great Table, when the Dilpatch of the Petitions o f Complaints is finifbed there, that the Adis may here be palled, and received tlie one from the others, to fign the Determination of the Sentences which come regiftered from the Office of the laft Judges: Next this Table ftands that o f the Ouvidores of criminal Affairs, at which the Judge of the Chancery alfo dif­ patches : Finally, next this Table is a third, called that of the Guefts, where the Judges of Accounts and Filcal attend, and where the judge Co/fervador of the Board of Trade iffed to dlfpatch before its Extinction; at this Table alfo the two civil Corregedorcs of the Court have their Seats, when they go to Rela­ tion.

Cafa do Civet, s Relacaon do Porto ; or, the C ivil C o u r t, and of R e ports in Porto. This Tribunal is the fecond for Reports in this Kingdom, and its Difpatch com of ra­ ve ry like that of the Court of Requefts at Lijbon, as its Irrftjtution expreffes: It l,orC3' was eftablilhed in the Capital by King John I, who appointed Pedro Lobato for orden. il. i , Regent. It is to be obferved that the Title o f Governor, which its Chief now 1 ' 3i‘ bears, was not annexed at its fuff Creation, but that of Regedor dajuflifta (chief CaiwjojDecis, Juftice); and Pedro Vaz de Melh was known by this Title in the Year 1461. In pa'' *' tire Reign of Alfonfo V, Gonyalo Vaz de Cajlelhbranco, Lord of VUlanov a de Porti- maon, was tire fuff that had the Denomination of Governor; who, in the Time of the faid Prince, or that of his Son John II, ferved alfo as Vedor da Fazenda (Comptroller of the Revenue), andEjcrivam da Puridade. This Alteration tire Lawyer, forge de Cabedo, conjectures, was defigned that the Prefident of the two Courts of Reports fhould not bear the fame T itle : And I have obferved, when fpeaking of tire Court of Requefts, that the giving the Appellation of Cafa do Civet to that of Reports at Porto, does not infer that it is irot alfo a Court of Grievances, and that criminal Caufes are determined in it, as in the Court of Requefts or Reports at Lifbon. This Court continued in its fuff Situation, till the Reign of Philip II. of Spain, in whole Time it was moved to the City of Porto, at tire Inftance of the Cortes o f fhomar, affembled in the Year 1581: Aird the faid Prince appointed for its Governor, Henrique de Soufa, afterwards Earl of Miranda, one of the il- luftrious Airceftors o f tire Houle of Hr ranches; but he being in Iris Minority, Ins Coufm, Pedro Guedes, Lord of Murca, ferved for fonre Tim e in Iris Head, and took Pofleifion on the 4th of January, 1583. In its Jurii’diCtion are comprehended the Provinces of Entre-Douro and M'm- ho, Frafos-Montcs, and B a ra ; except tire Diftririt of Cajlelhbranco, which is de­ pendent on the Court of Requefts at Lijbon, as nearer to this City. Its Appeals omen. iw. 1. V ol. I L ' * F did i8 DISSERTATIONS on did not, at the compiling of its Statutes, exceed tile Sum o f eighty M il Reis ft*. Efhltes, oi1 an hundred in Moveables; but at prelent (by the aforementioned Law of Pedro II, dated the 26th of June, 1696), it is extended on real E Hates to two hundred and fifty Mil Reis, and, on perfonal, to three hundred; the Sen­ tences exceeding that Import, the Parries may appeal to the Court of Rcquefts. The faid civil Court confifts (according to its Inftitution) of twenty four Minifters; which are, a Chancellor, eight Defmbargadorcs of Complaints; a Corrcgedor of criminal, and another of civil Caufes; a Judge of the Suits of the Crown and Revenue; three Ouvidores of criminal Affairs, a Judge of Chancery, a Promoter of Juflice, fix extraordinary Dejbnbargadorej* and a Procurator of the Crown Suits: But in Procefs of Time, the Number of the Members o f this Court, have, like thofc of the preceding hue, been incre-afed, and are no\v- twenty three; a Corrcgedor of criminal Caufes hath been added, one of the cri­ minal Ouvidores is ordered to ferve as Judge of the Chancery, and one of the ex­ traordinary Defembargadorcs bath been difeharged, fo that there now remain but five.

Confelho da Fazenda, or C ouncil of the Revenue or T r e a s u r y . TrcoJury. Was unknown in Portugal by this Name, till after the Entry of Philip I. In the preceding Reigns, it does not appeal* how the royal Revenue was managed, although it Is to be fuppofed that it had always fome Minifters to diredt it; till, in Procefs of Time, the Sovereigns created the Ollice of IF dor, lbmetimes with the Title of Comptroller of his, and at other Times with that o f the Kingdom’s Revenue. The firft Vedorcs, of which we have any diftindt Notice, are in the Reign of King Feimando, where Mention is made o f the following ones, Joaou Gem calves, and Joaon Pannes de Almada, in the Year 1370; and an imperfedt Lift is given of them, by Don L uiz Gaetano de Lima, down to the Year 1503 : When we find that a FriUmvirate of Vedores was inftitnted by King Manuel, as appears by his Regulation of the 15th of February in that Year, though it is fuppofed that their Bufinefs was expedited by different Tribunals. . In the laid Regulation, exprefs Mention is made o f the three Vedores, and of the laid King’s fettling their Sa­ laries at feventy M il Reis per Annum each, which Increafc imports two hundred and ten Mil Reis-, it aifo provided what is to be obferved in various particular Cafes, cfpecially when the three Vedorcs differed in Opinions. The Book of Rules and Ordinances concerning the Revenue of King Manoel, contains two hundred and forty three Articles j in which the Vedores, Coni adores of the Dif- tridls, Treafurers of the Cuftoms, Receivers, and what are called Ordinances of the Revenue, are treated of ieparately. It fo continued during the Remainder of this Reign and the fubfequent ones, till that of Philip I; who, in the Year 1591, inftitnted the Tribunal, called now the Council of the Revenue, ordaining that it fhould be known by this N am e; and he appointed that all Matters relative to the royal Revenue fhould be tranf- actcd here, which till then had been treated of at fcveral Boards, viz. that of India, Africa, and of Accounts, The old Cuftom thus abolifhed, his Majefty would have but one Vidor (who was the Prefidcnt), and four Counfellors, with tile Obligation that two of them fhould be Lawyers; to thele he added four No­ taries of the Revenue, affigning them different Divifions. In the faid Inllitu- tioii (of the 20th of NovemberJ, the King, attending to the Circumftance of there being four ¡Adores at the Time of Ins creating this Tribunal, ordered that each of them fhould fuccellively ferve the new Office for a Year, and, the three remaining unemployed, fhould be admitted into the Council of State; from which the actual Vedcr of the Revenue was excluded, as he was from all other Occupations, that lie might be more at Leifur-e to difebarge the Obligations of his SPAIN AND PORTUGAL his Fundtion: The King alfo allowed them the Salary, and the other Emolu­ ments of the Office, in thofe Y ears that they did not ferve as Veil ores. This Difpolition of Philip I, was followed by another of his Grandfon Phi- Up III, Anno 1632, in which he created a Prefidcnt of the Council of the Reve­ nue changing the Title of Vedor in the Pcrfon of Diogo Lopez dc Soufa, fecond Earl o f Miranda, who continued till the Time of the Acclamation. In this Year 0/ 1632, and in the Reign o f the faid Philip HI. of Portugal, and IV. of Spain,, Rodrigo Mendes Syha fuppofes the Abolition of three Vedorrs to have hap­ pened ; but this is a manifeft Miftake, as may be feen in the aforementioned Or­ dinance of Philip I, of the 20th of Nvuember, J591; and in the Alterations that John IV . made, by a Decree o f the 7th of January, 1641, and of the 13 th of Fe­ bruary, 1642, in which he ordered that there fliould be three Vedores of the Re­ venue. Q , On the faid K'mgjobn the Fourth’s mounting jthe Throne, he reformed (aS hath been juft now obferved.) the Council of the Revenue, and reduced it to the Form of its prefent. Exiftence., by reftdring the ancient LriumArate of King Manor t which had been abolifhed by Philip I. So that the principal Affairs are divided into three Partitions, directed by the three Vedores of the Revenue, viz. the D i- vtlion of the Kingdom; that of Africa, Accounts and Thirds; and the Divifton of the Indian Magazines and Fleets. Belides the three Vedcrcs mentioned, this Tribunal is compofed of feveral Counfellors, fome Lawyers, Icfembargadcres, and others, with the Diftindtion oh Capa e Efpada (Cloak and Sword), whofe Number is uncertain,- one Solicitor of the Revenue, four ordinary Notaries; to which are added l'ome fupernume- rary ones, to iupply the occafionai Impediments of the others; and feveral fub- altcrn Officers. On this Tribunal feveral others are dependent, iuiz. that of Accounts, that of tire CUftonis, that of'the India Houfe and Mines; that of tire Magazines, Lieutenancy, and the M in t: There alfo depend on it the feven Houfes, the wooden Palace, the Confulada, or Board of Trade, inland Cu(tornhoufes, and the Fives Houfe. Finally, by a Decree of King John V, of the ift of February, 1720, the Board of Trade (inftituted by John IV.) was joined to the Council of the Revenue.

C H A V 20 DISSERTATION S on

CHAP. V.

O f the Placet m the Law^ provided by the Kings Bench, except thofe o f Reports,

In the two Cities of L isbon, eaftem and weitem. 'TT' W 0 Corregedores of civil Affairs Corregedor of St. Paul ^ of the Court and City Corregedor of the new Street Corrcgedor of the upper Quarter Corregedor of the Rocio Corregedor of Vllfama Judge of India and the Mines Ouvidor of the Cuitoms Supetintendant of the Tenths of the Provedor of the Chapels Bounds. Provedor of the Refidues

In the Diftridls of the Provinces of the Kingdom. In Santarem. There belong to this Dijlriff. Corregedor Juiz de Fora of Cabego de Vide Provedor Juiz de Fora of FJlremoz Juiz de Fora, Juiz of the Orphans. Juiz de Fora of Redondo 'There belo?igs to tins D ijlriff. Juiz de Fora o f Vianna Juiz de Fora of the Gokgana. Juiz de Fora of New-Montemor* Fi Torres-Vedras. In Elvas. Corregedor Corregedor Provedor Provedor Juiz de Fora. Juiz de Fora. There belongs to this D iflnff. i There belong to this Dijlriff. Juiz de Fora of Iff Ha-Franca. Juiz de Fora of Campomayor In Thomar, Juiz de Fora of Mouraon Corregedor juiz de Fora of Oliven$a. Provedor In Portalegre. ju iz de Fora, Corregedor There belongs to this D ijlriff, Provedor Juiz de Fora of great Pedrogaon. Juiz de Fora. In Leiria. There belong to this Dijlriff. Corregedor Juiz de Fora oi Arronches Provedor ju iz de Fora of Gajlello de Vide Juiz de Fora. Juiz de Fora of Niza There belong to this Dijlriff. Juiz de Fora of Marvaon. Juiz de Fora of Pombal In Aviz. Juiz de Fora of Hours. Ouvidor In Evora. Juiz de Fora. Corregedor There belong to this Dijlriff, Provedor Juiz de Fora of Benavente juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora of Landroal Juiz of the Orphans. Juiz de Fora of Coruche. In SPAIN and PORTUGAL. 21 In Beja. i There belong to this DiJlriB i Provedor, who is alio named Correge- Juiz de Fora of Amarante doi‘ o f Faro, Q¿emira and Fringe}, Juiz de Fora of Bajlo. mad Ouvidor of the Order of thrift. In Caftellobranco. 'There belongs to this JFiJiridi. Corregedor Juiz dc Fora de Qdemira, Provedor Juiz de Fora. ■ In Campo de Ourique. There belong to this DiJlriB,. Provedor J uiz de Fora of Cnflellonovo and Alpedrinha J'aiz de Fora. Juiz de Fora of Penamacor There belong to this DiftriB. Juiz de Fora o f S. Vicente da Betra. Juiz de Fora of Almodovar ju iz de Fora o f Aljujler In Coimbra. J uiz de Fora o f Mertoja. Confervador da Univeriidade Corregedor ■ AnSetuval. Provedor Ouvidor ■; - a . ., : Jniz de Fora, ■ Provedor ...... ■ ■ ■: Juiz de Fora. . In Guarda,- . Corregedor 11 There belong to this DiJlriB, w '.Provedor Juiz dc Fora o f Palmela Juiz de Fora. Juiz de Fora of Aldea-Gdilega There belong to this DiJlriB, j uiz de F ora o f Alcaeer do SaL ' ■ ■ .; ■ ' Juiz de Fora of Civilhana In Almada. JuizdeForaofthe Orphans of faid Town Corregedor, who is the Ouvidor of Se-. Juiz de Fora of Gear tuval, and alio, by efpecial Commif- In Pinhiel. fion, Corregedor of this Diftrift. Corregedor Juiz de Fora. Juiz de Fora. In Azeitaon. There belong to- this DiJlriB. Ouvidor. , Juiz de Fora of Gajlello-Rodrigo There belong to t'hid DijlrisL Juiz de Fora of Freixo de Nernam Juiz de Fora de Sezimbra and Barrelfo Juiz de .Fora of Trancofo. Juiz de Fora do Torraon In Vifeu. Juiz de Fora de Santiago de Cacem. ; Corregedor In Porto, Provedor Corregedor Ju iz de Fora: Juiz de Fora There belongs tb.this DiJlriB. Juiz dos Orfanos. r ■ Ju iz de Fora of Azurara. In Vlanna. • ' ‘: ’■ In Lamego. Corregedor Corregedor Provedor Provedor Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora. There belong to this DiJlriB. In Monte mo r o Velho'. Juiz de F o ri o f Ponte de Lima Ouvidor Juiz de Fora o f Monfaon Juiz de Fora. Juiz de Fora o f Villanova da Cerveira. There belong to this DiJlriB. In Guimaraens, Juiz de Fora of Torres Novas Corregedor Juiz de Fora o f Penella. Provedor In Eigueira. Juiz de Fora. Provedor.

Vot. IF There D I S S E à T A T J O N S on

'There belo tigs to ibtsDÌfirìcl- Auditor-general of thè Province of Juiz de Fora of Aveìro. Mlnho Superintendant of Tobacco of thè fald A/. Miranda. Province j Corregedor Auditor-general of thè Province o[Tra- Provedor fos-Montes Jatz de Fora. ' Superintendant of Tobacco of thè faid There belongs Lo pins D ì fir ici, Provìnce ; J u is dé Fora oîAïgozo. ; Superintendant of Tobacco of thè Dìf- In Moneoryo. ■ ■ : trifts of Cambra, Efgueira, and Lei- Corregedor .. ria. Provedor . . Jn thè ultramarine Parts. Juiz de Fora. Corregedor of thè Iilands. There belongs to this Difiridt. ... Juiz de Fora of Treixo da EJpada}& c. There belong to thls DlfiriEl. In the Kingdom of AlgarvéJ Juiz de Fora of thè Iñand of Madeira Provedor of all the Kingdom Juiz de Fora of thè Ifland of S. Miguel Superbi tendant o"f tlie Tobacco.. Ouvidor of thè Balota i Juiz de .Fora of thè faid City In Lagos. ■ = , Ouvidor of Angola Corregedor ' - Ouvidor of S. Paulo Juiz dc Fora. - , Ouvidor of the River fiandra - . There belong to. this DifirtSl.. 'Ju iz de Fora of thè faid City Jcûz, de. Fora of VUlanova de Pertinuion ' Ouvidor o f thè Villa do Prìncipe Juiz de Fora o f AÌbufeira, '■ Ouvidor o f Ourò Proto /tfTavira, Ouvidor of thè Kiver das Mortes Corregedor -Ouvidor of thè Rivèr das Velhas Juiz de Fora. Ouvidor of Parnambuco There belongs; to this DifiriSl. Juiz de Fora of thè: faid City Juiz de Ford.of Louie. Ouvidor of thè Capitanía das Alagoas Ouvidor of Seregipe del Rey In the fame Provinces of the Kingdom, Ouvidor of Par alba . . • they alfa provide the following Pofis. Ouvidor of Para Auditor-genera! of the Province of Ouvidor of Maranhaon Aleniejo Ouvidor of Cape Ter de Superintendant of Tobacco of the fa id Ouvidor of S. Thomas Province J ' ’ ’ Ouvidor of Mazagaon Auditor-general-of the Province of Juiz de Fora of Saints Beira ..Ouvidor of Cerro do Brìo Superintendant, o f Tobacco of the faid Juiz de Fora o f thè Villa do Carino, Province ;

CHAP.: SPAIN AND POktUGA L. ¿i'

C H A P. VI.

O f the principal Officers of the Palace and Kingdom.

PREVIOUS to my giving the Lift of the fajd Employs, I mufl advert lie my A Reader, that many o f tire ancient ones have been abrogated; and others in- flituted: And though an Enumeration of the former would now be fuperfluous, were they not fometimes mentioned in this W ork, and that I purpofe fhall fol­ low it, of the Portugucfe Hiftory, if I am encouraged thereto by a kind Accep- tation pf my Labours from the Public; I have therefore thought proper to omit none, moife elpeclally as a Defcription of tlie non-exifting Employs will occa- fion tlie Addition of but little Paper, fo they follow alphabetically, and are dif-i tinguiftted. from thofe that are now in Being, by an AjlcAJk, th u s,*.

Adail mor, Scout-mailer - - J - * Cavadeiro mor, Baggage-mailer Alfaque mbr, Chief Redeemer of Cap­ Chancelier mor, Cliief Chancellor tives ------* D \ do Algarve, ditto of Algarve - * Alfercs mor, Chief Eniign Chronijia mor, Chief Chronicler ------of tlie Infante - - - - * Condejlavel, Conilable - - - - * -----— o f the Mafteriliip o f the Older' Contador mor, Chief Auditor o f Chriil Copeiro mor,. Chief Cup-bearer Almirante, Admiral Coudel mor, Chief Leader and of the Almotace mor, Chief Caterer where the Studs Court refides, and Commiffioner Coutiero mor, Chief Park-keeper of Bridges, Caufways and Roads Efcrtvaon Ja Camera, Notary of the Annadel mor, General of Dragoons * Chamber ------* ■------of the Crofs-bow-men of of tlie Revenue .* the Chamber of the Council .— -— —----- of ditto of Horfe - * of the Queen, ‘ * of the Firelock-men % of the Infante. * of the Spear-men ., - . * Ejmokr mor,. Chief Almoner Apofentador mor, Chief Harbinger - EJlribeiro mor, Mailer of the Horfe Annador mor, or Armeiro mor, . Chief Falcoeiro mor, Chief Falconer - - * Armourer Eronieiro mor do Algarve, Chief Fron­ Capt dor mor, Chief Fowler - ■ - . * tier Officer o f Algarve - * Gamereiro mor, Chief Chamberlain Governador da CaJ'a do Ctvel, Governor o f the Prince- - * . of the Civil Court - o f tire Infantes * of the Princefs’s Court - * Capellaon mor, Chief Chaplain of the moil excellent Lady* Capitaon da Guar da, Captain of the of the Infante - - - * ; Guard Guar da mor, Cliief Guard. * - - * Capitaon mûr do Reyno, Chief Captain of. the Infante, i " '* . of the Kingdom - - - * . ' ' ' of the Tower of ‘Tom- . ; . .ditto of the Sea* . .._ y [,0 ^ ditto of the light MarichqJ, Martha! ' ' - -, - - . - * V.':" Horfe '- * Meirliipo mor, Cliicf jpuftice ! ditto, of the Gal- Mejlre de A viz, Mailer of the Order of '. . ' ’ lies - - * " A v iz - * Mejlre DISSERTATIONS on

Me/lre, Malier of the Order of Chrill * Peptßeiro mor, Chief of the Eedcham- of the Order of San­ ber to die Queen *----* tiago - - - - * Sobre Juiz, Upper Judge - - - ® Mefirc Sala, Mailer o f Ceremonies Sumilber, Chaplain of Honour, or of the Prince - * Bbdy Squire o f the Queen - * fbefoureiro mor, Chief Treafurer - * of the Infanta * frinebante, Carver Monte tro mSr, Chief Huntfman Fedor da Fazenda, Comptroller o f the Mor domo mor, Chief or High Steward Revenue of the Queen of the Revenue of the Princefs o f Algarve * Facet ro mor> Superintendant' o f the o f the Qrpeeris 1 Works of the King’s Palaces - * Palace Pagern mär, Chief Page - * o f thé Prince’s * Portelro mor, Gentleman Ufher o f the Infante’s * Prove dor das Obras, Chief of the Works o f the Infanta’s * Preveder mSr dos Cativos, Chief Com- Fedor das Obras, e Rejidos, Comptroller miifary of the .Slaves - - .-■ * of the Works and Reiidues - * Rege ilo r da Cafa da Supphcaçaon, Ruler Fedor das ArtUbarias Como ti'tulo de Mar, of the Comt öf RequcflS Comptroller of the Artillery, with Rege dor da faßt fa na Beira, Chief Juf- die Title of Chief - *■ tice in Beira TJchaon did Rey ------# pjytùr da Univafuiade de Coimbra, Rec­ of the Prince * tor of the Univerfity of Coimbra

Aduli MSr. This Office was in ftituted. and introduced to die Kingdom (as Manosi Beverini de Faria fuppofeth) by King Alfonfo V, taken from the Exercife of it in the Wars in Barbary, where it was ufed in the Places gained from the Moors, after. the Capture of Ceuta, The Obligation of the Employ was to difeover the Camp with fonie Horfe : And though it is ex tin ft in Portugal, it itili ex ills in Maza- gaon, with the Tide of Scout-mailer of the Fortrefs, but not with that of chief,

Alferes MSr. This Employ is lo ancient in Portugal, that, in the Government of the Earl Don Henri que, Mention is made of Don Fafes Luz, with the Title of Alferes. The Preeminences o f the Office were fo confiderablc in thofe early Times, that, divided afterwards into die Employments o f Conftablc and Marihal, it conili- tuted thofe two great Polls. The chief Chronologer, Fr. Antonio Brandaon (confirmed by a W riting of Sancbo I, dated in March, u86) fays, there were formerly two widi the fame Tide ; of which one carried the royal Standard in Battle ; but the other was properly the chief Alferes of the Kingdom, as well in W ar as Peace, and ufed to bear die royal Flag in the Cortes and at the Pro­ clamation of Kings : And it is this latter Part of the Office that now only re­ mains. Almirame. Report hath commonly named Don Funs Roupinbo for the fir it Admiral of Portugal, in the Reign of King Afonfo-Henriques ; but the abo venienti on ed Fr. Antonio Brandaon does not diftinguiili him by any other Tide than that of Cap­ tain, in deferibing the Viftory that lie obtained over xht-Moors, at a little Dif- tance from Cape Efpicbel, in the Year 1180: And it really appears more conform­ able to hiitoiical Truth, to attribute the Tide of Admiral to a later Reign, and to iuppofe the Introduftion of it in that Kingdom to be at the Period when their Historians: SPAIN And PORTUGAL. a5 Hiftorians afterwards were applying it to Perfons who had anteriorly commanded the naval Forces of the Kingdom. And not a little Weight is given to this Con- jedture, by thè Coliiideration, that though the Court of France is fo ancient, the Name of Admiral was not mentioned in it till the Year 1270, when Fioren­ do de Farennes occupied this Pod, as Father Anfelmo writes, in his Hidory of the highed Offices o f that Crown : But what yet more confirms this Belief, is, tliat, till the Reign of King Dennis, the Title of Admiral is not met with in all the Grants, or other Writings of thofe Times ; which arc the mod irrefragable Documents, in which the Yerachy of this Hidory are founded. In the Rules which King Dennis p refe ribes for this Office, it is appointed that the Admiral be fo called, 11 becaufe he is, and ought to be, Chief or a Leader cc of all thofe who go in Gallies or Ships to war at Sea, and to have as great <( Power and Authority as if die King was prefent.” The Prerogatives of tins Office may be feen in Notici as dc Portugal of Ma noe l Severim de Faria, and in the Sexta Parte da Monarchia Lufitania do Chronijta mor F r. Frandfco Brandaon : W hich lad Author makes a Difference between Admiral and chief Admiral; pretending, that chief Admiral was the -fame as General of tile Fleet of Ships of the Line; whilft the Admiral, without the Addition of chief, correfponded to the General of the Gallies. There is like wife in Portugal the Office of Admiral of the Indimi Seas; -Which-was created by King Mamed in Favour of Don Vafco da Gama (the great Difcovei-er-of the Eajl-Indies), afterwards fil’d Earl of PIdtgueira, in whofe Family it hath continued ever fi nee : And beildes tliefe -two Admirals, there are thofe which the Kings appoint for their Fleets.

Ahnotace Mor. Though this Employ is more modern than the preceding ones, yet it mud be counted and-ient. Its Obligations and Preeminences remain noted in the Sta­ tutes o f the Kingdom; and are reduced to provide with all Neceffaries the Places Lib. 1. nt.is. In -which the Court refides-; and to take Care to preferve the Bridges, Caufeways and Roads, for five Leagues ’Didance. In fonie Memorials, Mention-is made of this Office in the Reign of King Dennis and Affbnfo IV, and Nun 01 Fern an des Cogominho named: But this pretended Antiquity -hath a droiig Argument agaiiid it ; which is, that the Chronologer, Fr. Frandfco Brandaon, frequently taking Notice o f the laid Nuno Fernandes, with the Titles of chief Admiral to King Dennis, and of Chancellor to the Infante Don Affonfoi never remarks that of Alinotade mor ; which would not have efcaped the Obfcrvation of fo. diligent a Writer,'.had there been any. Truth in ,the Adertion. In the Reign of King John I, founen^o do Rego and F i lippe ■ Dani e 1 were termed Almotaceis mores of Lif~ hone, but fome. pretend the .Office had not then the fame Predicament as nowf nor enjoyed-the-fame Privileges.

Annadd Mor. Tills Office .hath been ever fince the Reign o f King Fernando ; and under which Denomination theterhath been great Varieties, .but all long fince extin- guifiied; therefore I ffiall not ,enlarge about them.

' ' Apofentador Mor. According to the general Accounts that have.reached us, this Employ had its Beginning in the Reign1 of King John I. (though he was yet only Mader of the Order of ^ròqj,.alittie above a Year after the Death of ■ K ing: Perdinan do. But the--Cori jedriireffirffioint of the Time of its Inititution fee ms ill-founded, as thè Embaraffinents with. Vhich'-the Mader bad then to druggie, did’not leave him room toJ think of creating - new- Offices a ;T he principal Bufmefs 'and Obligation bftkis Pbdffwàs,. ■ to: provide Lodgings for the Kings -in their Jouifiies ; and- to -■ Worn II. * H determine 2Ó DISSERTATIONS on determine Difputes that might ¿rife concerning the Entertainment o f Perions following the Court. The firil Title of this Employ appears to have betnP«/- fadormèr, much the fame in Signification with th^Apojintador mor.

Annador Mor, or Armsiro Mèr, The Title of Armetro mèr is the fame with that o f Annador mot, ulèd in the ancicnter Times ; infomuch that the firfh A nidro mar that we find with this Title, is, Don Durate da Cojia, in the Reign of John III. The Obligation of this Officer (as appears from the Regulation given by King Mantel) does not only confili in taking Care of the warlike Arms appertaining to his.Majefly, but to provide Officers to work them in different Parts of the Kingdom, and to grant them the Privileges which in the faid Regulation is directed. There is likevvife a W riting of John II, of the iff of July, 14845 in which his Majcfty fays, that he had adjlifted with Fernaon Affonfo, his Armourer, “ that we deli- i£ vering him an hundred Stand of long Anns, and as many under as we pleafe, i( of Helmets, Breaft-plates, &e. all clean, that he ihall thenceforward keep “ them fo, and io deliver them to AgoJUnho Caldeira, our Armador mori'

Chador Mór. s This Office was different from that of Monteiro mor-, the firil being confined to Fowling, and the other to Hunting 5 and both in Procefs of Time were united in the latter. This Office of Candor mèr feems to have been the fame with that of Falcoeìro mór, of which the Chronicles of King Fernando fpeak, and mentions therein Joaon Gonsalves as fuch, to the Year 1370, and afterwards Gi­ raldo Fernandes - and we are confirmed in this Belief by King John Ill’s Order, of the 23d of June, 1533, to pay a certain Sum to Don Joaon de Alarcaon (whom he calls his Ca^ador mèr), in Satisfaction of an equal Sum, advanced by him the preceding Year, for Payment of fix Falcons; and it is not likely that he fliould have made tills Diiburfement, but for Things appertaining to his Office, and not to that m another’s Province. The Regulation of the Caqadores mores was made by Kingfebaflian, Anno 1568, and almoft all relating to Falcons ; which puts the Suppofition, of Faicoeiro mor and Cffador mor being the fame, beyond all Doubt. Camcreiro Mor. The firil appointed to this Employ, it is faid, was Joaon Fernandes, in the Reign of Affonfo ; though, without Doubt, this Office was in Portugal previous to this Nomination, as it appears to have been in Spain Under the Goths Govern­ ment: But it feems to have been difeontinued in the Reign of King Dennis, from its not being mentioned among the various chief Offices in the Writings o f thofe Tim es, yet it mull have been revived again by that Prince’s SucceiTors, as we find a long Lift of Camereiros mores in the faid Memorials. This Office is now exercifed by Gentlemen of the Bedchamber, whofe Number is unlimited: And there was likewife, in feveral Reigns, the Office of Camerelro mèr exercifed in the Families of the Princes and Infantes 5 as alfo that of only Camereiro, as well in thefe as in the Kings, by Pcrfons o f the moll diftinguiihed Nobility- which I mention to jfiiew that the Titles were different : But thefe Employs are now all extinfl. Capellaon Mór. Y ' Some Authors pretend that this Office was the Creation o f Affonfo V -T but, on examining the Chanceries of feveral of his Predeceffors, it appears to'have been much more ancient, even from the Foundation of the Kingdom. The Motive for attributing the Inffitution to this Prince, was probably from the1 Delire he deuionftrated to augment the W orlhip of the royal Cfiapèl with a greater SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. s7 greater Number of Priefts and Singers, as Fr. Francifco Brandaon writes, for which he obtained a Brief from Pope Evgeni us IV, expedited in the Year 1439, and he ordered a Copy to be procured from England o f the Ceremonial ufed in thofe Kings Chapels; but we may fuppofe this rather to be attributed to the Time of the Regency of the Infante Dow Pedro, his Uncle, for, in the Year 1439, AJfonp was only feven Years old. This Intention, John II. afterwards put in Execution in 1494, ordaining, that tlie royal Chapel ihould remain in the Furm as before, and that its Scat was at that Time in the Palaces of Evora. In the early Reigns, it does not appear that the royal Chapels were in the Palaces; but the contrary is certainly known of lome, as the famous Antiquary Gaj'par EJ/aqo affirms, that Sania Maria ds Guimaracm was the Chapel ufed by the C3p- as- Earl Don Henrique, and the Kings Afbnjb, EL'ariques, and Sancho I. But in Time King Dennis ordered (as Fr. Francifco Bran ¿non writes), that there fhould Monarch, be a royal Chapel in the Palaces of Lipón Cattle, or Alcaqova, in which the ca- cip.+i/pir.;! nonical Hours ihould be recited in the Chapel of St, Michael, and that a quoti­ dian Mafs íhóuld be faid, although their Majefties were abfent; and this Refo- lutlon of King Dennis is of the 10th of January 1299, Don foam Martins is Soalhaem being BiJhop of Lijhon, and it ib continued for fome Tím e: But the Warmth of fo laudable a Zeal growing cool and rendís, the Inilitution was re­ newed by King Disrate, and the Chaplainihip prelented by him to Affbnfo Fícente (Servant to his Brother, the Infante Don Henrique) Anno 1437. In the fame Manner that King introduced the Cuflom of reciting the canonical Hours in his Palace at Lipón, he had it performed in that of Santa- ran, on the 4th of March in the faid Year 1299, in another Chapel of St. Michael, founded by King Afbnfo-Henriques, in Memory of a Victory he obtained over the K ing of Seville, Anno 1171, by the fuppoled Protection of this Archangel: He likewife ordered afterwards that there fliould be Chaplains, with the fame Obli­ gation, in the Chapels of Alenquer and Eorres-Vcdras, as the abovementioned Fr. Francifco Brandaon informs us. The Authority of thefe Examples prohibits our fuppofing that King Mamet was the firft who ordered a Chapel in his Palace; but, on the contrary, we can­ not doubt, that on this Prince’s palling from the Palace of Alcaqova to that of Ribcira, which he built for a royal Habitation, he direélly formed Ids Chapel therein. The royal Chapel of this lait Palace hath had different Settlements; which, from die Documents we have feen, it appears they have happened in the fol­ lowing Order. Its firit Situation was in the Ploufe, which is now the Tribunal of the Table of Coufcience, from whence it was removed in the Year 1581; and, remaining in that Place, the fubfequent Infcription was placed under the Pifture of St. Lbomas, which is above the Prelldent’s Seat:

D eo O ptim o M axim o Sub honors D ivi Fboma Apofloli, Hie Rex Emmanuel Capellam Regiam Dicavit, & tranjlata fu it Anno — ! 58 1. — - Locum profanari vet at religio.

Till that Time the Pariih of S. Julian ferved as a Pariih o f die royal Palace, as Jorge Cnrdop affirms, in his Agiologio, Tom. 3. Pag. 324, The fecond Seat or Place was in the Court, which is now called the Court of the Chapel, unto the Year 1619; when Philip HI, coming from CajHk to Por­ tugal, commanded it to be taken away from the faid Court, and put in the Pa­ lace above, where it now is; and, after this Removal, the Court was filled with Shops. 2g DISSERTATIONS o*

Shops. This appears from a Juftification of Laurence Pires cíe Carvalho (Oveyc feer of the W orks), made in the Year 1622, which is in the Pofieffion o f the Earls o f Sourc, Heirs of the Houfe of die faid Overfeers; wherein it is fair!, that, with the Removal o f the Chapel, tire Court was filled with Shops, and remained enlarged. The third Situation was m the Place where it now frauds, fir ft' dignified by John V. with the Title of the illuftrious Collegiate of St. Thomas, and after of tire f afile and patriarchal Church, as I have mentioned in another Place. In fotne Memorials we likewile read that the royal Chäpel was lome Tim e in the Hall, at prefertt called that of the Germans, whofe Altar was where the Image of Clrrifr Hands now, and the Place is yet preferved that ferved for the Tribune dr Inelofutre to the Altar: But, without contefting the Credit o f thefe .Memorials, I mult confefs my Ignorance of the Tim e when the Chapel Royal was fettled here; for from the preceding Irtfcription it is feen, that, from its Foundation, it was .in the Place of the Table of Confdence, until the Year 1581; and it alfo appears, from the above-recited Juftification, that it was in the Court (of Sqiiarc) before tile Year lórq, ill which it Was removed to the pre­ fen t Situation. W hill! the Chapel Royal was kept in the Fudefcan or German Hall, fome al­ ledge that a grievous Irreverence was offered to the confecrated Hoff, by a He­ retic ; in Atonement for which pretended Crime and Infult, it is faid there are always two lighted Torches in the royal Chapel and the nth of December, J 55 2, in the Reign o f John III, is affigned as the Day of Offence. But we may juftly prefume that this Hifroiy, and the Chapel’s Removal here, have the fame Foundation in Truth. The chief Priors of Santa Cruz of Coimbra (according to Jorge Cardofo, and the Chronologiíf, D . Nicolao de Santa Mariä) eXerciied the Office of chief Chap­ lains during the Time of the Chapel Royal's being there; and the Author da Hijloria Benedidfina gives the Title of Kings Chaplains to the Abbots of S. John de Alpendorada; And, looking back on more remote Ages, Doftor Fr. Bernardo ScS. p;irtf da de Brito did not Temple afligning to the BifhOps o f Dime, the Title of chief Lufit. id, c. Chaplains to the Siicvian Kings. cap- n- There hath been alfo thofe who have Ílippofed that the Title of Clérigo del Rey, found in many ancient Writings, correiponded to that of Capellaon mor: But Fr. Frandfeo Brandäon exprefily fays, that the faid Title of- Clérigos del Rey, arofe from their difpatching with "the Kings, in an Employ appertaining to Ec- clefiatlics; fo that the faid Clergymen were called ecclefiaíücal Judges, or De- ßmbürgadores-, and it is fo exprelfed, fpeakmg of the Bifhop of Evora, Don D u- par-5- ri.,6 . faón Paes, who enjoyed liich a Pofr for many Years in the Reign of Affo?fo III. The greateft Difficulty is in feparating the chief Chaplains from the fimpk Chaplains, of which a large Number are found in ancient Writings ; as in the carlieft Reigns, tile Word chief was not mentioned, neitlier *m this Office, nor in feveral others of the Palace and Kingdom. However, the famous Antiquary, Father Manoel Caetano de Soufa, gives us a Lift of the former, in his learned and ingenious Manufcripts- and it is by others fuppofed, that tlie Antiquity of cbicp Chaplains is equal to the Eftablifhment of the Kingdom, or rather to its Separation from the Dominion, of Gaß He, made by Affbnfo VI, in Favour o f his Daughter, Queen Tareja, Mother of King Affbnfo-PLenriques : And the firft that was diftinguifhed with this Dignity in tlie'Kingdom,-was Don Payo Men des, who was likewile Chancellor to‘-the faid Queen, and afterwards Prelate o f the Church 6f Braga......

Capitam SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

Capitaon Mor do Rcyno, or Capitaon Mor do Mar, Thefe two Titles arc fynonymous, and denote but one Office, as will appear by the feveral fubfequent W ritings 1 fliall have Occafion to quote. The Crea­ tion of this Employ was in the Reign o f King Ferdinand, till when it is no where mentioned; and the firft Capitaon m(>r, as well of the Kingdom as Sea, was Con­ cilia Tenrciro, The faid Prince being in his Capital, gave him, on the 25th of July, 1373, Aljer, with its Borders, and other Lands; and, on the 25 th o f Decem- buy 1378, he gave him fome Houfes in L tjh n , in the Pariih of St, Thomas; and in both the Letters patent of thefe Grants, he is called Capitaon mSr of the Fleets, On the Death of King Ferdinand, Goneyalo Tenrdi'O went to Cafils, where he took oil him the Title of Mafier of the Order of Chrf-, for wliich King John I. (wliilft Mailer of A o iz) confifcated all his Eifates, and gave them to Ruy Freire, as ap­ peal’s by his Grant, of the 17th of June, 1384, which the faid Prince confirmed to him when he mounted the Throne. In the faid Reign of King Fernando, Joaon Foam, a Cafilian Gentleman, who had entered into his Service, had the Poft of Captain of the Fleet conferred on him (but without the Title of chief Captain), and exercifed his Poii at the Time when. Admiral Lanqarote Pajfanha would not confent to Iris oppofmg the Cafilian Gallies Entrance into the Port of Lijhon; for winch Behaviour of the Admiral, the King deprived him of his Poll, and gave it to Joaon Affonfo Tdb, Earl of Barcdlos, and Brother to Queen Leonor. The Example which I now relate, does not contradict what I have before affi firmed, that Goncalo Tenreiro was the firft Capitaon mor of the Fleets; For in cafe that the Poft of Joaon Focim was the lame in point of Command* he had not the Title of chief Captain, but fimply that of Captain ; and not with Handing that in many of the ancient Offices and early Times, the Title of chief vtaa not made Ufe of, yet as thefe Examples were in the fame Reign, the Difference occafioned thereby feems /ery reafonable. It is not eafy to difeover what was the Jurifdidtion of this Poft in the firft Reigns : Manoel Severim de Faria believed it independent of the Adm irals; and adds, that he thought the Exercife of the Function was only in their Abfence. But the Cafe above referred is convincing of the contrary; and this is corrobo- rated by the King’s Impunity of Captain Joaon Focim, which would not have hap­ pened, had not the Captain of the Fleet been fubject to the Admiral’s Orders, who was puniihed for not permitting the other to do his Duty, The Precedency of the Admiral to the chief Captain, is alfo feen in the Ac­ count that the Author of the Eighth Part da MonarchicFLufitana gives o f the Fleet which King Fernando ordered againft the Cafiliam, in July, 1381; where he fays, that Don Joaon Affonfo Tdb, Earl of Barcdlos, the Admiral, embarked in the royal Galley; Goncalo Tenreiro, the chief Captain, in another; and other Gen­ tlemen in the reft. The Admiral and chief Captain likewife concurred on other Occaiions; as iii the Expedition againft Ceuta, according to the Chronologer, Fernaon Lopes: But as King John in Perfon commanded the Gallies, and the Infante Don Pedro the Ships, no Argument can be drawn of Precedency on. this Occafion. In the Ex­ pedition againft ‘Tangier, in the Reign of King Durate, when the Infantes alfo commanded, Aharo Vaz de Alma da, chief Captain, embarked; but no Mention is made of the Admiral. In Procefs of Time, the Kings trufted their maritime Forces to the chief Cap­ tains, without permitting the Admirals to exercife their Functions, though they preferved to them the Title of their Poft; and often Command was given to 'bme Generals appointed for certain Expeditions,

VOL. II. * I In DIS S E RT AT I O N SI on 111 the Year 1384, the Mailer de A v iz being Regent of the Kingdom, there failed a Fleet from the City of Porto, to fcour die Coail of Galicia ; in which em­ barked the chief Captain, Earl oiTrafamara, who had cotne over to Portugal; Rut there was no one who had the Foil of Admiral in it- on die contrary, this: was become void by the Death, given a little before in Be;a, to the abovetnon-; iioned Admiral, Lanqaroie Paffanha, under the Suppofition of his being-partial;, to Queen Leonor. In another Fleet which failed a little before in the fame Year,^ from Lisbon for Porto, Gongalo Rodrzques de Soufa ( Alcaide mor of Monjaraz), went for General, named by the Infante Regent, but without the Title o f chief Captain. ^ : On John I’s afeending the Throne in 1385, among other Offices that mediately ordained for his Palace and Kingdom, was that o f chief Captain of the* Sea, in Affonfo Furtado de Mendoza, often filled <£ chief Captain of Portugalf as is feen in a Letter of Legitimation of lbme of his Children'by die K m giin Lisbon; on the 25th of OBober, 13 90; and at other.Times, “ chief Captain of our Fleet,” as appeal's from the Chancery in the following Year. In fome of the Annals of this Prince, the Title of ci chief Captain of the Fleet,,” isdikewife given to the faid Affonfo Furtado. . ': In the fame Reign of John I, Aharo. Vaco, or Vafque^ dr Almadai had the Poffi o f chief Captain of Portugal, the King appointing him with this Title; at other Times he was called chief Captain of our Kingdoms, and fomctlmes only chief Captain. In the Reign of King Durate, he exercifed the Office of chief Cap­ tain of the Sea, in the Infante's Paffage to Africa, in the Year 1437, as appears m die Hiitory o f that Prince; he was alfo Earl of Abrancbes, and continued for fome Part of the Reign of Affonfo V, as is feen by the Grant which he made him, the yth of April, 1440, o f Alcaide mor o f Lisbon. And thefe Titles continued va­ rying in the abovefaid Manner, till the Reign o f King Manoel; from which Pe­ riod little remains 011 Record about them, this Poll being only mentioned on particular Occafions; As, in fending his Daughter, the Infanta Donna Brites, to Italy, he named the firfl Earl of Villanova, for chief Captain and Governor o f all the Fleet which carried her, in 1521, for her Elpoufals with Charles III. Duke of Savoy, though Damian de Goes, in Ills Chronology, calls him Gene­ ral of the Fleet.

Capiiaon, ou General das Gales. The Captain, or General of the Galleys, is a more modem Creation; of which no Memorial is difeovered before the Reign o f John III, though the Gallies were the firft naval Forces the Kingdom had. Anciently their Chief had no other Title than that of Captain, as Fr. Antonio Brand non calls him Don Funs Roup- him, in (peaking of the Victory gained by him over the Moors, at a little Dif- tance from Cape de Efpicbel, hi the Year 1180. In Time, the Diftindtion of Ad­ miral was introduced, without the Addition of chief and this, fuppofed to be­ long to the Commander of the Gallies, whilft the Monofyllable was joined to the Title of the Admiral of the Ships; though the Authors who aflert it, do not declare the Foundation of the Difference. In the Reigns of Affonfo IV. and Fer­ nando, the Gallies went on various Expeditions, and (as appeal's) were .com­ manded by Admirals; but afterwards they were fubjetl to chief Captains of Sea, -as been obferved: .And, finally, by the Changes, the Government hath un­ dergone, this lail Title became long ago extindf.

Capitaon Mor dos Ginotes. This Office was inftituted in the Reign of Affonfo V, and fometimes the Title alio o f chief Captain of the Jennet. Guards : It is .true, that, in the Reign of King Durate, and the Expedition of the Infantes to Tangier, it is faid, that Gon-> (¡alo S P A I N A N b PORTUGAL. 3 *

talo Podriques de Soufa fhatl dr i embark with three hundred Jennets, to reconnoitre the Enemy’s Camp j which Name Jennets, rauft a rile from the Phrafe ufed in that Age, being the fame as Horfes now. The Laid Guard wras compofed o f two hundred Horfe, ferving both in W ar and Peace, efpecially in the Kings Joumies. This Employ continued without Alteration, either in the Title or Exercife, till the Reign of King belaßt an 1 when it is fuppofed to have been extinguifhed, as no Mention thereof is made in any Memorial later than that.Timei

Capitaon da Guarda. Tlris Poft had its Beginning by Appointment from the aforefaid Prince, Don Scbaßian-, as till then their Portugitcfe Majefties had no other Guard than Ho lie to accompany them, efpecially in their Joumies, and were commanded by an Officer, called Captain or chief Captain of the Jennets, as is juft now men­ tioned : But this Place is not only different from the laft mentioned, but alfo from that of chief Guard, as I Until demonftrate in its proper Place. The laid Don Schaß tan created a Portuguefe Foot Guard, vulgarly called Ma­ lar deiros (Halberdiers), which was continued by King Henrique; and Philip I, on mounting the Throne, prefeived it unaltered for fome Tim e, but afterwards abolifhed it, and created in the room a German Guard, which he gave to Cardi­ nal Albert^ his Nephew: And this lafted through the Reigns of the three Spa­ nißt Monarchs, for the Viceroys and Governors whom they let over the Kingdom. With the Change of Government, there was alfo a Change of Guards ; for,- John IV. bringing his particular Guard which he had in V'tUa-Vicofa with him, he incorporated it with the German j but foon again feparated them in two Corps, making two Companies of Guards, one German, and the other Portuguefe: In Tim e the faid Prince added a third Company, deftined for Don Fheodofius; and ever fince the Paid three Companies have fubfifted unaltered, and been commanded always by the Herrs of thole tp whom they were then given.

CondeflavcL The Office of Conftable, according to the Rules of its Inftitution, is the fu- perior Poft, and of the greateft Honour and State, that there is in the Hoft, ex­ cepting him who is Lord of it; becaufe it appertains to the Conftable to regu­ late its van Guard, and who hath the Direction in tire greateft and molt nota­ ble Things which are to be done m it. This Superiority, that his Commillion gives him, difpenies with the Neceffity of enumerating the many Preeminences of tire Poft, more efpecially as it is now only exercifed on the Meeting o f the Courts, and Swearing the Sovereigns or the Prince Succeftor, at which the greateft Perlons of the Kingdom aÜtft, with the royal Sword, which was the Eniign of the Office. Its Creation was in the Reign of Don Fernando, on the Earl of Cambridge's coming to this Kingdom; where, till then, the chief Eniign ufed to difebarge the Function of Conftable. On this Occafion tire King inftituted the firft Con­ ftable of Portugal, in the Perfon of Don Alvaro Pires de Caßro, Earl o f Arrayohs, and Brother to Queen Tgnez de Caßro, fecond W ife to Peter I. He was fucceeded by the great Nuno Alvar es Pereira, Earl of Ourem and Bar- cellos, appointed by John I, on Iris being rarfed to the Throne, by the Cories of Coimbra: And lb. great was. the Honour of this Employ, that, on the Earl’s Death, .tire faid Prince gave it to his Son, the.Infant Don Joaon; whofe Exam­ ple was followed by feyeral lubfequent Kings, as many of their Sons, and other the greateft Peifonages in the Kingdom, were conftituted Conftables, till, the Office ceafed on John IV’s corning to the Crown, except occafionally m great Functions : As, on iwearing the laid Prince and Affbnjb VI, Anno 1656 ; when the three States, in the Year 1668, conferred the Regency on Don Pedro-, in the j Cories, DISSERTATIONS on Cortes, aflcmbled Anno i 697, to acknowledge and confirm the Aft made in Fa­ vour of the Prince, Heir and SuccefTor to Peter II; and alfo to the fwearing in o f JolmV, 1707; and on leverai other Occaflons, for Brevity omitted.

Gopeirb Mor. Some Authors pretend that this Office commenced in the Reign o f King Af- fonfò-Henriqués, and exprellly cite Per noon Peres (a coniìderable Perfori in that Age) as then enjoying it* The chief Chronologift, Fr. Antonio Bran dam, is of this Opinion; as, in his Tranilation o f the Swearing of the laid Prince, he gives the Title of Cup-bcarer to the abovementioned Femaon Peres ; but in the origi­ nal Latin that he quotes, the Words are, Ferdinandus Petri CurLe Dapifer, the which arc fubjeft to various Interpretations ; And the lame Author, treating in another Chapter o f the principal Offices of the Palace, takes Dapifer fometimes for Lmuch ante (or Carver), and at other Times for Vendor. Antonio Paes Viegas, in his Principio! de Portugal, explains this Word to he Mordono (or Steward). The Employ of Copeiro mor, is to prefect the Kings to Drink when they dine in public: And anciently there was in Portugal an Office named Ejcamqao (I fuppofe from the Spanijb Word EJcanciäno, a Skinker, Butler, or one that fills out Liquor), one o f which is mentioned in a Grant made by Ajfonfo II. in Scnta- rem, on the 1 jth of Anguß, 1222, to the Mailer Vicente, Dean of Lisbon ; Fr, An­ tonio Brandaon, explaining this Word, fays, that the Office o f Efian^ao was to pour Wine into the Cup. It is to be remarked, that in the faid and other W rit­ ings, certain Officers had figned as Witnefles, only with the Title o f their* Em­ ployments, omitting their Names ; as, Eepofitarius major tejl. For tarli major es tefl. Eycbanus teß. Scanctanus tefl,

Coudel M 6r. Manocl Beverini de Faria, in his Noticias de Portugal, attributes the Creation o f this Office to Ajfonfo V, in the following Words. “ King Ajfonfo V. ordained, iC that the Men of Arms ( EJcudeiros) who ferve on horfeback in our Armies, “ iliall be reduced to a Captainilfirp o f one Captain, who fhould divide them “ into Companies of twenty; and that he, the Captain of thefe People or Com- " pani es, fhould be called Coudel mor (chief Leader) ; who remaining, by the “ Regulations of War, with the Command of the Cavalry, the Execution of the " Law's made for the Prefervation of the good Breed of Horfcs in the Kingdom, “ iliall alfo be left to his Care.” But it is certain that this Office is more ancient than is as above reprefented; for in the Chancery of John 3 , Grandfather to the faid Afjbnfo V, Mention is made of one Alvar cs Annes de Gemache, with the Title of Coudel mor, exp refled in the Letter or Grant made him in Lisbon, on the 6th of December, 1430, and con­ firmed in Santsrem, the 17th of November, 1433. 1 ° this Grant, the K ing calls him Captain and Coudel mór of all our Crofs-bow Cavalry ; and commands that he fhould have the fame Power and Rule over them, and take Cognizance of their Behaviour, in the fame Manner as our Annadal mor does with the other Crofs-bow Men, or Befteiros do Conto. in the Chancery of King Durate, there is regiftered another Letter, made by him m Santarem, the 2d of July, 1434; in which he commands Diego Gonsalves de Caßcllobranco, Coudel mor, that he exempts Gen (¡alo Vast, Pinto, Inhabitant of Lisbon, to appear before him with Horfe and Arms, as ufually accoutred on any Mufler, for the many Services that his Father had rendered the King. From the above Writings it is feén, that the Office of Coudel mSr hath a greater Antiquity than what the aforefaid Author affigns it ; but at the fame Tim e it müft be acknowledged, that, in the following Reign, the Employ of Annadal mor of the Crofs-böw Cavalry was reflored in the Perfori of Femaon Alvares de Cerna che, SPAIN Anb JORTÜ G Â Lì 3 j Cerndche, Son to -Alvar es -Annes abovementîoned, as appears froirnâ Grant matfé. him in Coimbra, the 8 th of November, 1442, by Ajfonfo V. Beii.deg- tîieie principal.Captains, .there hath been particular ohes o f fevétàL Places: Such as, Coudel or Ghief of Enjom, Anno 1434:; h f Forres'-Vedras,-144r.;: of Avelro,- 1498 ; and many others : But asinProcefs of Time various AbuleY had: crept in among theie minor Chiefs, Affonf0 V. made a Reform o f themj ih. his Mandatilus , dated at Santa rem tire 23d of May, 145a, in 'the following W ordtr “ Be it known that in the Cortes now fitting in the Town of Santarem, at the- “ Su it of the Pro curators or Deputies of the Towns, Cities arid Places j who tilmé (I to, the.faid Cartes, it-was requeftedo.f me, that the Commanderies of dur King-*; “ doms-Ihould not be . given to Noblemen,..Gentlemen, or powerful Perfom-h “ nor for fo longTim e and Years.;, as hath.been hitheito pradfifed; .as. they fupa lt pofe the.deiired Alteration will 'be for ourService and- the-p.ubiic.Godd, :&rc u In Compliance with their Intreaty, we therefore command, that no Nobler “ man, Gentleman, rior powerful Perfon of our Kingdoms, ilinlj have br. en- “ joy the laid Commanderies; and that they be given by ns. to-the Citizens and " Elquires of Cities, Towns and-Villages; for five Years; ' as heretofore*ivaF “ ufual,. ■ In Santarem)' &c. . . v - L 1

Ejcrivaon da Pun da de. , , . The Efcri-vae?is da Furldade wei;e anciently reputai tire P ri nebs chief ÎVÎinh' fters, whofc Chanceries were under their Care for. all Dilpatches of Favour and- Reward. Omitting other great Preeminences, of this Office, fome Authors,prc-. tend that it was known in Portugal in the Reign of Affonfo II; mentioning .at: tins Tim e one Mafaldo de Beja with , the Title of Efcrlvaon da Puridade, autho­ rized by his Epitaph, to be fecn in the Church of St. John at Beja ; where it is likewife faid, that he helped to gain that Town â fécond Tim e in the Year 1229, which correiponds to the Year of Chiiit, u.91. Others make different Suppo­ rtions about the Commencement of this Office; but with fuch little Appearandé o f Truth, that I {hall omit relating them, and proceed to remark, what is handed, down to us, oil a better Foundation and more evident Veracity: And the: molt ancient Memorial to.be depended on uncontroverted, is, in the Reign o f Peter I, in 1362; in which Year Gonça/o Vase, de Goyas officiated with this Title, as appears by the faid Prince’s Grant, made in Port cl the 20 th of December ; 1362 ; which Grant, containing the Favour, remains inferred In the Confirmation of. it by K ing Manoel, at Evora, in May, 1497.

Efmoler Mor. This is one o f the oldeft Offices of the Kingdom; and hath appertained from 'Time immemorial to the Abbots of Akobaca, as is conftantly affirmed by their Chronologers; But as the Abbots-general were occupied in the Government of their Monaitery, anti could not always affili at Court, they appointed one of the Order to attend in their Abfençe; and his Majeity confirming the faid Re- prefentation, he ferved with the Title of iimpie Efmoler, whilft their Superiors, the Abbots-general, retained that of Efmokres mores, as an infeparable Preemi­ nence of that Abby; but in Time, theie Deputies were called Efmokres menons, though they, continued to figri only according, to their primitive Appellation. And notwithstanding the Abbots Right to depute, as is abovementiOned, I find, that John II, being greatly difglilted with the Cardinal, Don Jorge dà.Cojìa, - then Abbot of Akobaça, fet afide lais Nomination, and appointed Lopo Goncahes (Chaplain to his Son Don Jorge) for his Efmoler- who was iu acceded, in the Reign of King Plano el, by Fr. Fernando, Abbot o f Si Mari a dosfamaraens. Some­ time after the laid Prince, following the Example of his FredeceGdr, named fome Perfons for his-Almoners, who were-hot of thè aforefaid Order, as Doit Francifco V ol. II. * K Fernandes, 34 DISSERTATIONS on Fernandes, BifhOp of Fete, and Dtogo de Almeida. But the Abbot, Don Fr. 'gorge de Mello (afterwards Bifhop of Guar da) oppofed thefe Nominations, and com­ menced a Suit againft the Procurators of the Crown about the Proviiion of the Office' of Efmoler, and had a Sentence in his Favour, confirmed in the Reign of John III : Which'Confirmation was occafioned by the K ing’s having appointed Antonio Nogueira to the Office, and its being contefted by his Brother, Cardinal Don Henrique, as Abbot o f Alcobaca, who, prevailing, the faid Appointment was fet afide. In the Year 1556, forde minor Almoners were again appointed, though not of the Community of the faid Convent, nor the'Nomination of the Cardinal In­ fante Don Henrique,■ founded" on a-certam Ciaufe in the Confirmation of the aforefaid Sentence, which faid, “ -That in cafe o f there not being irxAlcobaga a " Perfon fit for the Employ, the Election may be made of one w it h o u t O n . Which feveral were fucceffively appointed, of differentOrders; and even the Car-' dinal himfelf, after mounting the Throne, ■ inftituted his Chaplain, Blffiop of Coimbra, and afterwards a Carmelite Friar. Inrthe Year 1642, John IV. reilored to the Abbots of Alcohaqa the Commendam (which the Cardinal King had fepa- rated from the Monaftery, and granted to feveral fucceffively), and confequently the Office of chief Almoner, with a Right of prefenting or deputing in his Ab- fence: But though the minor Almoners ought to be of the faid Convent, yet, to pleafe the King, the Abbot named Diogo de Soufa (afterwards Archbiihop of Evora) for Efmokr in 1642, being the Year of reftoring the Commendam, as is above'remarked; and, on his Difmiffion in 1645, DoCtor F r.L n iz de Sonfa, of the fame Order, was prefented as Almoner by the Abbot-general of Alcobaqa: And thenceforward'they continued to appoint the Friars of their Monaftery.

Ejlribeirp Mb/\ The Creation of this Office is commonly attributed to Affonfo V ; but, in his Chancery, there are authentic Memorials that the Princes- and Infantes of Por­ tugal ufed to have Officers with this Denomination long before the abovemen- tioned, at leaft as high up as the Reign of King Durate: But what makes ftill more to the Purpofe, and invalidates the general Opinion above hinted, is, that tills laft Prince'had an Ejlribeiro mbr, named Fernaon da Syha, as the Chronicle o f the Earl Don Pedro de Menezes expreffly ailerts, and Don Luiz. de Salazar, chief Chronologift of Spain, in the fecond Volume of da Cafe de Syha, And if thefe Documents did not exiff, it is a ffrong and very natural Conjecture, that if tile Princes had thefe Officers, the Kings more likely retained them in their Sendee.

Falcoeiro Mor. The cleared: Memorials that we have of this Office, is, in the Reign of King Fernando; in whofeTmie, the Chronicle of F)urate Nunes de Leaon mentions two with this Title, viz, pfoaon Goncahes, till 1370, and Gtraldo Fernandes afterwards; the firit of whom was alfo named.to this Employ by John I, immediately after his Acclamation in Coimbra, in the Year '1385, according to Fcrnaon Lopes. Under the Title of Cagador mor, I have given the Reafons which offer for the Belief, that the Employs of Falcoeiro mor and Cacador mor were the fam e; and the Regulations of the Cacadorei mores, given by King Sebaftian in the Year 1568, and direded to Don Pedro de Menezes, then ferving as Cacador mor, confirms the fame: As the laid Regulations plainly demo nitrate, that the King’s principal Regard was the Game, and teaching the Falcons j he commanding that there fhould be twelve Falconers, two Sportfmen for'Sparrow-hawks, and two for Gufhawks, limiting their total Number to fixteen, and fpecifying the Breed and Prices of the Birds. T o this Regulation, made in Aim si rim, the 12th o f March, 1568, a Poftfcript was added, in. which his'Majefty, on the 20th of May, the fame SPAIN' and P 0 ;| ,T U QAL. 35 fame Year, inLlJbon, makes the Addition of’one falconer and Spam3 w-haW-fier>- in the Perfon o f Afonfo Borges; and .likewife another,, about thc^om inatioi>of other Huntfmen, which was made in Cintra, on the 23d o f Aagujl, of the fame: Year alfo. ■ ■ ; : This is the principal Inducement to ponclu.de, that the Office of chief Fal­ coner was not different from that of chiefFcnfft; in the Occupation,, t^ough it- was in tlieName: And I do not icruple to. affirm, .that the hrftdenomination of Falcoeiro mbr, became afterwards that of Cacador .mbr...... _.

Fronteiro Mbr* J The Knowledge dii cover able of this Office, :is, that in every Diftri£t;thereWa9 anciently a Fronteiro mbr-, who difeharged the Function of Captain-general.of ths-' People m that Territory, -that fo .tliey might foon, and in good Order, repair to Entries made into the Kingdom. ■ Mantel Sefterhn de Faria fo affirms, in his Noticias. de Portugal3 adding,' that the1 -were. PerforiS' off great State and Quality,' Infomuch that .even to. the infantes this Title was given : ft is likewife known that were not only Fronteiroi.in\the Diffridls, but alfo in the; chief Cities and their Boundaries, -and alfo in mianyTownsi > 3 V Since the Reign oi Affonfo V, there remains Memorials of this Employ: And Ids Chronologer, Ruy de Pina, affirms in the. third Chapter, fpeaking o f the Preparations which he made agaihlb his BrotlieriAffo?fo-Sanches, That he would foon provide the Extremes of Portugal, with People, and Fronteiros; among whom was Gonyalo Fas, Mailer of A v is, wha was Frontierao f Qguella, near to Albuquerque. . - In the Reign of John I, and the Year 1384, he being then only Mailer o f Aid-ig- he appointed Nuno A h a res Pereira, Fronteiro mbr of Alentejo, to: i^paSi thegreat Diforders tire Cajliliam caufed there, efpecially by the Entrance they made as far as Portalegre, deftroying the Country, arid burning the Vines and Olive-trees in all the Territory. This Nomination was accompanied by the greateil. Powers, which till then the chief Frontier Officer ever had ; for as the Chronologer, .Pen* naon Lopes, affirms, Faculty was alfo given him to confifcate the1 Eitates of thole' who had a Vote in Cajlile, and to grant Favours of the Effedts fo. confifcated. V And that the Power and Authority of the Frdnteiros mores' may better appear, I ffiall concifely relate the Subltance of the Grant, of this Office, which Affonfo L made to the Marquis of Monte mbr, - on the Gecaiion of appointing him to be Fronteiro of Alentejo. In it the King commands, that, according: to ancient-’ Cuflom, tile Lieutenants or chief Commanders of Caftles ffiould obey the 'Fron­ teiro mbr: That on his Entrance into any Fortification, he receive the Plomage of the Garrifon; and that the Gallic remain fubjedt to him during his Reiidence in it: That the Treaiurers of the Provinces furniili him with the Ammunition he ihould demand: And that tire Jullices of Towns, chief Commanders o f Dra-t goons and Crofs-bow Horfe (being fo required) fhall be obliged1 to attend to his Call; as alfo the Horfemen, Efquires, Gentlemen, CitizensCConrifellors,: Mpn at Arms, Horfe and Foot, &c. This Letter is kept in the Tower o f Tomboy in in the firft Book of Extra. F0L159. . By the preceding will be feen the great Extent .of Power given to this Office? and the other Privileges and Eminences, annexed to it, naturally left: it one of tlie principal in the Kingdom: And that it was fo regarded, will appear by the Infante Don Henrique's (Son to John I.) having admitted it in .the Reign, o f A f- fonfoY. ■ Guarda Mbr. ~ : ‘ ' ■ ; " ■ .' i / t [ Gafpar A lla n s deLoufada fays, that this Officer was next to tile Higii Stewards and his Duty to lie at the King’s Chambemdoor, and to fee him in Bed,, accom^ DISSERTATIONS on?

partied by the Gentlemen o f the Bedchamber, -till which Ceremony ;paifed, thé Curtain was not to be drawn ; he likèwlfe was the fir-ft‘who entered the Cham­ ber in the Morning. He was fometimes called only Guarda mor, fometimes Guarda mor o f the Chamber, fometimes Guarda mor of the Court, and-fome­ times Captain ■ of1 the Gentlemen Guard-of'the Cbambef ;: which Guard was-com- poled of twenty feü f Gentlemen, or -Perlons o f diffiiuguifhed. Nobility-; and their Obligation-td lie all in the Palace/ and dome of them-in the fame Lotlg- ging with tlieh Commander.' - ■ ' - - r ■

Marich ah > .This Office, according to its-Regulation; appears tp-hàye been the chief and trioft honourable :in the Holt, after the Constable. Ithgth a Judge, from whole Sentence no Appeal lay to.this latter in civil Caufes of ,th,e Army, thqnghamder fome-Limitations, and did not .appertairtrfo any thingcrim inal; he inflirfed va­ rious Puniihments,' though he could riot.draw: Blood,..nor give Scourglngs : All Elocutions o f Juftice were .committed .to th&Marichal and;his Officers/, and all judiaial Proclamations were publifhed in tile Conftable’s and Ms Name jointly. In fine, as the Coniiable was General of the Army, lo_-the-Poft of Marfhal cor- refponds to tlie modern Poll of Marefcbal deCamp in Franck .or a Major-general with us. The Regulation is King Fernanda sp and goes ilieorpprated-,in that of tile, ancient Militia, under thé Title .of Gonflable. th ■. TMs Office was eftablifhed in 138a, as was that of Conflàble, on O.ccafion of the Earl of Cambridge s Arrival,at F iji an, the 20th of Jftdy in the preceding Year, with a powerful EngUjh Fleet, to luccourhis aforefaid Ma jelly i A n d ! find the Title of M arshal do Key no was ftill fubfiiting in the'Perfon of Don Diego de Noro?iba, Marquis o £ Mari a ha, Anno 173.0.. r, '

.. Meirinbo MÔr. W as an .Office known in Portugal before the Reign of Affonfo-TLmriquet; for In the Time o f Fernando Magtto, King oi Leon and Cajlile, Anno 1074,. Men­ tion is made oî'Diogo Frutejmdee as Meirinbo mûr o f Ejlremadura, anil o f his Son Mendo Dias in Be ira, as Gafpar Ahares de Loufada teftifies. ? The ancient Guftom of the Kingdom, in regard to tins. Officer was to have four divided among the moft principal Provinces 5 v iz. one for Entre-Douro e Minbo, one for Beira, another,for Ejlremadura, and the fourth for Entre Lejo e Guadimm; and afterwards one was added for yllgarve, ; Befides thefe provincial Meirinhos mores, there: was ,alfo one for a ll‘the King­ dom, as appears from various Memorials ; and in particular from a Gift made by Sancbo II, of Aljujlrel, to the Order of Santiago in Lijbon, on the 3 ifl of March, 1235, wherein Don Pedro Laurence iigns himfelf, Meirinus mayor Per tug. In the Reigri of Ajfonfo III, tire Earl Don Pedro mentions Don Fajco Martins P i­ mentel with, the fame Title i ând in King De?inis's firfl W ill, made in 1299, it appears that Don Joaon Simam (named by the laid Prince as one of the Execu­ tors thereof) then adted with this Character,.. The Ufe of thefe Meirmhos mores of Provinces, was from the firll Eflabliih- inent of P ortu g aluntil the Reign of Affo?jb V , who aboliihed them, and fub- ftituted in their room only one, with the Appellation of Meirinbo mor of the Court and Kingdom. In tile earlieft Times, thefe Officers had Jurifdidtion over the Nobles and Gentlemen of - their Diitridts, as appears? by a Decree,, in the firil Year of the laid King Dennis’s, Reign, preferved in the Letter-cafe at the Monaf- tery of Pedrofo: They alfo appointed the ordinary Judges of Towns and Coun­ cils, as feveral Memorials in the aforefaid Depofit teftify ; took Cognizance of judicial Affairs, and paifed Letters of Legitimation/' Finally, their Authority was fo great, as to equal thE King’s Lieutenants of tlrf Provinces; and l’ome do SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 3? do not fcruple to affirm, that they exceeded the Governors of the civil Courts, and Regedorcs of thofe of Reports; Treating, about the Creation of this Office, it is faid, Lib. r. 'fit. 17. that “ it “ appertains to the Mei r'mho mor to arre it State Offenders, Perfons o f Quality, “ Lords of Manors, and fuch as the other Ju ilice s could notwed feize ; and to tc raife the neceifary Forces for fuch Arrefts, whenever we diali command it." Their Obligation was likewife to aiiiit at the Executions of great Perfonages, from which Attendance nothing but the King’s Leave could exempt .them.

Me/ire Siila. Some Antiquaries aflert, that this Office is coeval with the Foundation of the Kingdom, and accordingly mention fonie Meßre Salas in the Reigns of the two firft Princes ; but if this was the Cafe, as feems beyond Doubt, the Employ was forgot, and ceafed for about two hundred Years, till, in the Time o f John Ì, we find it renewed, and hath been uninterruptedly continued till now. The Com- million has likewife been extended for the Service of leverai of the royal Family, and under a fimilar Denomination with that abovementioned.

Mcrteiro Mor, cincj Pinntfnan or Maßet- of the Game. This Employ was formerly confined to the Mountain Game only* as theGz- cador mor, or Falco tiro mor, was limited to Volatiles : A t prefent they are all united in one Office onlv, with the Denomination of Montelro mor, appointed by pbiliß II. of Portugal^ on the 20th o f March, 1605. . It is an Office that hath fubfiiled ever lìnee the Reign of King Fernando, in the Year 1379, without Intermiffion, as appears from the Lift of thofe who have been fucceffively nominated thereto, and the Duty the fame as in all other Eu­ ropean Courts; which makes any Addition needlefs.

Mordo mo Mar, This Office is very ancient in the Kingdom, as Mention is made o f it in the Reign of Queen Tare]a, who governed during the Minority of her Son, the In­ fant Don Afonfo-Henriques, in a Grant from the faid Princefs, Armo r u m It has annexed to it very great Preeminences, as appears in the faidGrant; which fays, that “ Mordo mo mor fignifics the greateft Man in the King’s. Houfhold, to “ order every thing therein for its Support,” &c. On him depend all the Offi­ cers and Servants in tire royal Palace,- and it is he who diredts the Payment of their Salaries; He dìi poles of feveral Employs abfolutely, and'of others byCon- fultation ; and commands the Grants of the faid Provinces to be paiTed : It is he 'that admits the King’s Subjects to different Degrees or Privileges of Nobility, where mo intervening Defedi renders an Application to his Majefty neceifary. This-.Office was anciently of fo much Authority, as to induce the Kings of Cafiik■ to give it to their cldeft Sons ; as Affonfo the Wife to the Infante Don Fer­ nando, and Fernando IV.'appointed his Brother the Infante Don Pedro -to this Employ. In Portugal, King Demis gave it fucceffively to his natural Sons, A f- fonfo-Sanches- and Joaon-Affonß: And all the fubfequent Sovereigns have-ap­ pointed Perfonsofthefiril Nobility arid Diftindtion in the Kingdom to the Ex- ereile of it, from the aforefaid Year 1 ri2 to the prefent; arid oftehtirhes granted ir by Suceeffion to a particular Family, ’ ; ' ;--1 - : ; :-

:,v Porteiro Mor. .■ ■ ■ ■ ■ - The’hilt that wenead of in this Office, was in the Reign oi'Sancho II,1 as is feen in the Privileges* granted to the Inhabitants o f Santa Grtiz/'in June > 1225. He. Is ibrnetimes - called .in Latin Portartus major, at other Times-Dclfo™ ; fome- rimes Pot tei to mor do Key no (of the 'Kingdom), arid font eti m e S‘P orteiro mor daPorta Von,'II. ' * L (of DISSERTATIONS off- (of the Door): Em notwithfhmding thefe feveral Diftinftions in Title, the Of­ fice is underftood to be the fame; and, like the preceding, has been granted to peculiar Families, having run for a long Time (and I believe itill continues) ki that of the Mellos. Proved or (Lis Ob fas. Tliis Office is modem in refpeft of the Name, though it is ancient in regard to the Charge, In the Reign of King Dennis, there was an Employ of Paceiro jjibri which, according to the great Chronologer, Fr.Franctfco Brandaon, in his Monarchic Lufttana, Par. 5. Liv. 16. Cap,42. was the lame as Superintendant of the Works of die Palaces, and other royal Buildings, which were in the King­ dom; and in every Palace refided a Paceiro to take Care of it. In Procefs of Time, this Title was converted into that of Vendor mor (chief Overfeer) of the Works, and fmee into that o f Provcdor of the Works, In the Reign of Affonjo V , there were provincial Vendores: And the Son of John I. was Front ¿fro and Ven­ dor mor of the Works of the Caftlcs, Towns and Villages, of the Di ft rift of Beiray which latter he exercifed by a Subftitute, confirmed by the aforcfaid Affonfo V, on the 27th of June, 1450. This Employ hath continued in the Family of the QarvaUm ever fince the Reign of John III.

llepojlciro Mor. The Creation of this Office appeal’s to have been by K ing Affonfi I I : And Fr. Abitonio Brandaon affirms, that the fir ft Time o f meeting this Title in the an­ cient Writings, was in the Year 1217, when the King calls him, Meo Rcpofitario majors. The faid Author likewtfe obierves this to be the fir ft Tim e that the Title of Major is found, which was afterwards extended to the other Offices both o f the Palace and Kingdom ; and as there were no Camereiros mores in Portugal, the Repojh’iros mores exercifed this Office, as the Alferes mores did that of Confta- bles before thefe latter were created. A t prefent it is the Office of Repojleiro mor to uncover his Majefty’s Throne at public Funftions, and to wait clofe by it till the King rifes: They have by their Inftkution (Liv. 3, Fit. 4.) the fame Pri­ vileges as the Alferes mores, Mordomos mores, &c. of bringing their Oppofers to Court, provided they are Inhabitants of the Tribunal of Porto, and always fign themfelves RepofSarins major.

Frtnchnnte. The Chronologer, Fr. Antonio Brandaon, on tranflating the Word Dapifir (found in many ancient Writings), does not determine it ablolutely to correlpond either to FAnchante, Vendor de Caja, Copeiro mor, nor yet to Mor domo; the greateft Doubt is between the Offices of Fr ¡'achante and Vendor: And as the Writings of the firft Reigns were generally in Latin, it is impoifible to fay, with any Cer­ tainty, whether. FLerndgio Moniz, Egas Moniz, and other principal Perfons that followed the Court of King Ajfonfo-Flenriques, exercifed the Office o f Vendor es or Frifichantes; for Hiftory hath recorded them with Titles fo different. T h e firft of the above Mo?iiz's was, by Ajfcnfo I, cafhtfjFrinchante or Vendor; and his Sue- ceffor, Egas Moniz, Dapifer, in the Year 1135; and thefe Denominations were alternatively given undiftinguifhed, which wiÜ naturally appear yery odd to my Reader. I ihall therefore endeavour to clear it up, by fuppofmg that the Of­ fices of Frinchante and Vendor were united in fhofe early Times, and that both the one and the other were comprehended in the Title of Daptfer, whofe Em ­ ploy was afterwards divided into feveral others, accommodating to each the fame Appellation; and this Conjefture feerns both authorized and. juftified by-the lafe Praftice in the Queen’s Houfhold, where the Vendor of the Week afted as Frlncbtm teUnder which Denomination, the Office, I think, hath uninter- ■ ■ mptedly SPAIN A n d PORT ti July 6, 1660, O.MarquezMordomo morP

Vendor da Cafa. The Time when this Office was created, is as uncertain as I have obferved that of the Trinchante to be; for I repeat, that, in the ancient Writings, the W ord Dapifer is ufed, which Hrftorians apply to both Offices, and it is very probable that the fir ft Trinchantes were alfo called Ve adores: But with the Title o f Vendor, none is mentioned with any Certainty before King Fernando; wheit Francifeo Eft eves was. appointed by that Prince, in tire firft Year of his Reign, and on the 18 th of December, 1367. This Employ hath continued to tile pre­ fen t Time, and hath been hereditary in one Family for many Years.

CHAP. DISSERTATIONS on 4°

CHAP. VII.

O f the military Orden.

‘Tbe Orch* of C h r i s t .

AS inftituted' by K ing Dennis, a little after the Extinction of the Knights Templars, in virtue of a Brief from Pope John X X II, expedited in the City of Avignon, on the 14th of March, 1319: And for their Patrimony, was af- iigned the Rents which the faid Templars enjoyed in the Kingdom of Portugal, after a great Conteft between tire King and Pope about the Application of them; tire firil: infilling on their Return to tire Crown, as tire principal Motive o f their Alienation from it had ceafed; and the papal Pretenfions were, that they ihould he fettled on the Hofpltalers, or tlrat they ihould be at the Pope’s Difpofal; but neither was fubmitted to, as the prelent Settlement proves. The Statutes o f this new Order, according to the Difpofition o f the Brief, were the lame as thofc of the Order o f Av iz or Calatrava, under the Rule of St. Dennett and the Reform of Ctfter; for which Reafon the Pope lubjerited it to the Vifitation of the Abbots of Alcobaca, who exercifed this Jurifdiction, until King John III. obtained a Bull of Enfranchifement from Rome in the Year 154a. The Knights continued to obferve thefe Statutes, until Don John (firft Bifirop o f Lam ego, and afterwards of Vifeu) reformed the Order, by a Brief from Pope FLugenius IV, obtained at the Inftance of the Infante Don Henrique (Son to King John I.), then its Governor, in the Year 1443. On this Occafion new Statutes were appointed; to which Don Memosl (being yet Duke of Beja), added fome Definitions in the Chapter which was celebrated in 1492,; and which were af­ terwards all confirmedfoy a Brief from Pope Julias II, granted on the 12th of July, 1505.: And it is by thefe Statutes, or Conflitutions, that the Order is at prefent governed. The chief End of its Inflitution was, to make War on the Moors in Defence o f Chriilendom: And as a Doubt afterwards arofe, whether the Holbilities Ihould be defen five or offenfive; m Attention to this Semple, fome new Com­ mend aries were founded in the Reign of King Manoel, for the Cavaliers which ferved in Cam ions in Africa. But King Sebajlian abfolutely difclaimed the Pof- felfion,, in which tire Mailers were fettled, of providing the old Commendaries without Sendees, that is, tliofe which-were of the Templars Eftates; command­ ing, that the laid Provifion be made for Services done in Africa and thc' D q f Indies, againil Infidels and Heretics; winch was confirmed by the Popes Pius V. arid Gregory XIII. The full Settlement .and Convent'of the Order was in the Tow n of Gafro- Mari m, in the Kingdom of Algarve:- From whence they concerted then Remo­ val to Thomar, in the Reign of Ajfonfo IV, Don Eflavaon Gonqahes Leytaon being ' then its M ailer; though the Exchange was not effected till the Reign of Fer­ nando^ on the 6tit of November, 1372. This Order had for its firft Mailer, Don Fr. Gil. Martins, named in the Brief for its Eilabliihment, who was lucceeded by feven others, the lafit being Don Dtogo Lopes de So if a. After whom there were fcveral Adminiilrators, which were either Infantes or Sons of Infantes, viz. the Infante Don Henrique, Son of S P AI N A ND- P O RT U G A L. ; 4 1 of John I -, the Infante Don Fernande, Duke opVtfeu, Soil to King Durate-, the Duke Dòn Diogo, Son to the Infante Dòn Fernando, in whole Minority thè I11- - fanta Donna fjrtVfi admihiftered the Maffcerfhip by Authority g f a pontifical Bull; and Don Manoel, Duke o f Èeja, afterwards K ing of Portugal. This Prince continued in the faid Adminiitration all his Reigh ; and King John III. for fome Time, to the Year 1551 ; when he obtained a Brief from Pope Julius III, uniting perpetually to, him and hi? Succeifors, although Females, the Adminiitration of the three Mafterfhìps fettled in die. Kingdom, of Chrjì, Santiago, and o f A viz. ' ' Reckoning all the Mailers, Admmiitratprs, and Governors òf tlie Older, the late King John V . .made the twenty fee On d in the Catalogue : And. as fome Divines and Canoniils formerly contehed the Legality of giving the-Title of Mailers to thefe Princes,1 Pòpe Gregory X IIL called King SebaJUan M ailer and perpetual Adminiitrator of the laid Orders, in a Bull, of : the nth of Decem­ ber, 1579. . , : T h e fidi and principal Dignity that there is in .this Order, after the Mailer, is fhe-Dww Prior of the Convent of Phomary to which is "naturally annexed, ac­ cording to the Diipofition of the Statutes, thé general Curacy in the fpiritual of Far. i- tit. 34 all the Peiions in the Orders. .To the faid Dom Prior*, on the Mailer’s Death, belonged to him the calling a general, Chapter, by Letters; for a new.Election 5 and. to take the Mailer’s Oath of Fidelity to the Pope and the holy apoftolical See. But after that the Convent o f Phqmar was reduced to a Cloyiter, John III. . obtained a Bull from Rome, In the Year 15,74, by the which, the Jurifdidtion that the Dom Prior had before in Photnar and its DiftriÊt, as well as . in other Places, rfat. par. 3. was difmembered and feparated from him, and granted in pleno Jure to. the m'9' Order, and'to the JurifdiCtion of the Perfons of it, redding in any Faits of the Kingdom or out of it ; and gave Power to the Mailers and Governors to depute an Eccleiiailic who ïhould adminifler the faid JurifcHCtion : Which at prefent correfponds to the Dignity of the Prelate.of Pbomar, with the Limitations that will prefently be noted. . . From the Beginning ' the Order of Cbrîji had a Vicar or Prior of the clerical State, with ecclefiaihcal Jurifdidtion in all Territories of it,. including theCon- queils, This Dignity continued to the Time of King John III; when,( erecting, the Church of Santa Maria da Funchal, in the Ifland of Madeira, into an epifeo- pal Chair, and afterwards into a Metropolitan, and the Vicar of Phqmar, Don Diogo Pinheiro, named to fill it, the Vicarage was then iupprefled. On tlie Death of the laid Don Diogo, John III. united the Vicarage of Pbomar to thé Dotn Prior of the Convent o f the faid Town, and preferred to ,the Dig­ nity, Fr. Antonio .Monis, pf the Order of St. Jerome, and Inilitutor. of the Re- form then made of the Clergy Friars, obliging them to take the Habit of thefe latter, which ÍHI1 continues to be ufed in. that Convent. After fome Year’s, the Prelacy of Phomdr Was again feparated from the Dignity o f Dom Prior, and given to fome Pried. Thefe Prieils obtained a JuriiHidtiori.in the Tow n and its Diftri£1,. abnoft epis­ copal; but they do not poiTefs that great. Authority which the firit Vicars or Priors had : This having pafiedto tire Tribunal of- the Pable o f Conference and; Orders^ where it is that the Churches, as Well within the Kingdom;as tlie Con- queíls, aré provided, andeixnlhe Dignities of Cathedrals in vacant-Sees. The Order o f Cbrijl doth not only enjoy a confiderable Patrimony in the K ing-. dom, but it has hkewífe, greatly extended in. thé African, Afiatic, and American Settlements : W hich if owes to: the Infante E>on Henri que,, Son to John I ; who, being; Adminiftrator o f the .Order, at: tlie .faille Time that, he was fo to the A r- ' madas (he had fitted out at His 'own Coils,-),. ordered,, that, as thefe latter fhould \ difeoyer Lands, the temporal Seigniory of the Conquefts ihould be immediately ; V ol. II. * M veiled 4a D IS S E RTATI O N S o n Veiled in the Kings, ahd the fpiritual in the Order; as was done with the Ifland o f Madura, the Apres, xh&Cape de V e r d ie s, and the Coaft of Guinea. The Kings of Portugal continued the Favour in the other Farts .of theLGlobe, as an Acknowledgment for the great Benefit which the Matter or Adminiftrator o f the faid Order had done for the Kingdom. There are reckoned in the Order, four hundred and fifty 'four Commendas f including forty five, which the moft Serene Houfe o f Bragape A provides) : And then Income, as appears from a general Chapter, celebrated in the .Town o f Tbo-. mar, by the Bailiff and Head of the Order, which concluded on the1 yth of April, 1620, was then ninety four Millions;, five hundred and twenty eight thoufand, three hundred and twenty two Reis-(about 26,000/, Sterling), which is force ai- moft doubled. Thé Habit o f the Knights is an open" fcarlet Crofs, with :the In- fcition of another white one.' '

■ ‘The Order of Sa n t ia g o / dr St ". Ja Mes. . , This Order had its Beginning in the Kingdom of Galicia, in aMonaitery de­ dicated. to St. Floy, appertaining to the "regular Canons o f St. Aujlin ;. whole Ruins are ftill vifible in the Biihopric of Lugo. Some Authors fix the Inilitu- tion to the Reign o f King Ramiro I ; but all that their Memorials prove, is, that there was in that Time a Confraternity or Brotherhood of Santiago, and not an Order confirmed by the Pope. In the Year 1030, when, according to fome Hiftorians, King Fernando reigned in Leon, it is-afiedged in a W riting, in Favour of the Female Commendaries of the Holy Ghoft of Salamanca, in which, the faid Prince gives to this Fraternity the Title of au Order. Finally, others fix the Inilitution to the Reign of Ajfbnfo VIII. pi CaJUk, his Uncle King Fer­ nando in Leon, Sancho VI. in Navarre, Ajfonfo the Chafe in Aragon, and Ajfonfo- JLmriques in Portugal. ‘ ' ' , It is certain that the Bull, confirming this Order, was expedited by Pope Alex­ ander III, on the 5th of July, 1175, at the InitanCe of the Mailer, Don Pedro Fernandes^, having for fome Years before been approved of by Cardinal Tacintho, on his going to Spain with the Character of Legate a Latere, to çompofe fome Differences which hdd arifen between certain Princes. The firfl Settlement that it obtained in Portugal, was at Lijbon, in .the Mo-' nailery of Santos 0 Velho: Where the Cavaliers continued to refide until, the Reign E?ûtom1,'Lu" when they removed to Alcacefe do SdL, and from thence to Mer- iiv.t1.c3p.15. tola, in King Sancho IPs Time; and laftlyi on the 26th of OBober, 1482, they again changed Situation, finally to fettle at Palmella, where they had begun building a Church on the 5th of May, 1 4 4 3 the Infante Don John, Son to King John l, being tlien theff Mailer. The Portuguefe Cavaliers continued fubjéft to the Caftilian Mailers, known afterwards by the Title of Mailers o f Tides, until the Reign of, King Dennis} when they obtained a Bull o f Separation front Pope Nicholas IV, on the 17th of September, 1288, though its Execution' was deferred until■ .12903 when the Cava­ liers elected, for their firll Mailer, Don foam Fernandes, another Bull having preceded the faid Election in Confirmation of the foil. But, in the Courfe of fome Years, the Mailers o f Udes were fo foccefsful in their Inffances witfi Popes CekJUne V. and Boniface VHI, as, to' prevail on them to reunite f i t Portuguefe Order to that of GafUe; and it. fo continued to thé Death of Pope Clement V , a F avourer alfo o f the Gajhhans, when the PottugUefe elected for then' Mailer; the chief Commendador, Don Laurenp Annes. ■ ■ ' : C In fine, notwithilanding the various. Oppofitionsitfiat the Mailers ; o f Udes ■ ilill made, and which they founded o n r the .Authority of Ahè1 abovemen tinned Rulls in their Favour, the Order in Portugalxemalntd fep^rated from tliefr Obe- dience ; and had fixteen, Matters o f1, their own; from Ffoh Joaon Fernandes, to ’ Don S P.AIN. A im P 0 RTtJG AL. 43 ■ Don Jorge Duke o f Coimbra, end Son to King John II1; on whole Death‘tlie M aft: terlhip was united to the Grown in the P erion of John III. and his Succeffors for ever,. as was done with the Orders of Cbrijl and o f Aviz, by a Brief from Pope Julius IW) difpatched In the Year 1551.; T h e firft Dignity, after the Matter or Adm mil'll'a tor, and Governor, is the Head Prior of Palme ¡¿a, to whom a Jurifdiition is annexed in a Manner epiico- pal, though only in regard.to the Convent.of this Town; and Don Mendo-Af- Jonfij Anno 1508, obtained,, and ufed the Enfigns o f a Bilhop. The Patrimony Man«i sev ■ pf this Order extends itfelf over forty feveh Towns and Villages, with one hull* mTVo. If dred and fifty Commenda&j wliich, according to an ancient Valuation, rendered more titan thirty fix Millions of Pei's: All which Favours were granted to the Order by tfie.Kings of Portugal fucceilively- from Affonfo-Henriques, in Recom­ mence o f the great Exploits wliich the Cavaliers performed againil the Moors, as well in the Conqueil of RibaArjo, as in the Fields of, Ourique, and afterwards in Algarve. They have a famous Convent of Nuns, feated without. to the Eaft, called Santos oNovo, in Contradiftinition ,to Santos 0 Velho\ which was (as hath been obferved) the firft Eftablifliment o f the Knights o f Santiago in that City, af­ terwards a Monaftery of Nuns of the fame Order, and now lerving for a paro­ chial Church: Before eftablifhing this Convent, there was one of Nuns of the Order in tlie Tow n of Arruda, which moved. from thence to Lijbon- Its Inftitu- pon was for the Reception o f tlie Commendadores Wives and Daughters, that went to ferve in the W ars; and continued in this firft Settlement until the 5th of September, ,1492, when King John IX, moved them to Santos 0 Novo, where they have a feminine Commendary (who is always of eminent Quality), with Recluies and Penlionaries of the firft Nobility. The Habit of the Knights is a. red Sword, in Form of a Crols, which refembles tlie Kilts of the ancient Ones,

ftbe Order i f A v r z , This Order commenced in the Reign of Affonfo-Henriqms; and though the Year of its Inftitution is uncertain, very creditable Authors agree that it was foon after the Battle in Ourique Field, gained Anno 1139: For in the Year 1147, when, the Conqueft of Lijbon was effected, Mention is made of this new M ili­ tia; though it is certain that at firft it was not an Order confirmed by the Popes, but only a Society of well-behaved valiant Gentlemen, united under certain Sta­ tutes, to engage in the War againft the Moors, and to lofe their Lives in a mu­ tual Defence, . Its firft Confirmation was in 1162, which is fufficient to make it the oldeft Order in Spaing this King, Ajfonfo-Henrlqaes, obtained of Don Joaon Girita, Ab­ bot o f Larouca, by Delegation from the Bifiiop .1of. Ofma, Legate a Latere of Pope Alexander III,, thirty nine Years after, that is, Anno 1201.; it was again con­ firmed by Innocent HI,, who took it under his Protection . The Statutes which the Abbot of Tarcuca gave it, were taken fro ill the Rule of St. Rennet, according to the Reformation of the Order of Cijier, who admitted the faid Cavaliers in the City o f Coimbra; where the Abbot went for this Purpofe, in Prefence of King AJjonjo - Henrt ques, , the Arch bifirop, of Braga^ f^fBaSho^s o f Coimbra and Lijbon, with many other very principal Perfons. . . The Older of Aviso fihus in flat 11 ted and .confirmed, ‘Tradition' relates,, it had Its, firft. Settlementrin Coimbra, - although it, was but fora few Years; for Evora ' being conquered in 1166, the Knights removed ,to the faid City, where the Ward and Church of,St. Miguel da Ereifia. are half preferved; which is aft:irrefragable .Proof of the,Habitatiop winch fhe Friars of this prder had there. ; ■ In tlie Reign of Ajfonfo l l , Don Eermoji de Annes, then Mailer,', fieitlg pleafed with, the Situation where the Town of A viz now Hands, as it was a ‘Frontier to ' tlie D I S S E RTAT I O N S on 44 - the M ó& ì -Lindsÿ who had.beett expelled from the Neighbourhood o f E w a r the K ing made him a Grant o f the Spot, on the lath Day o f June, 12 11 - and the Mailer begun the Foundation of thé Caille in 1214, though the Remove from the Convent was notcffrfted till fome Years after in the Mafterihip of DonEfr- fumdò Rodrigues Monteiro: For which Reafoil fome Authors count him. the firft M ailer ofthereby fobbing his PredeCeflor, Bon Femaon-dc Annex, o f the Title ib juftly his Due. , ■ P • During.the Tim e thát thefe Knights refìdèd a t Evora, they máde a Brother­ hood, and united themfelves with the-Order o f Calatrava, undercertain Condi­ tions and. Statutes j of which one -was,' the fubmitting to be vifited. by the faid Order, which then fiourHhed’with‘gréât Réputation.: This Ünion lafted till the Reign ofiting.jfm&fl I, .who; relinquifhing the MaftCrihip, Anno 1387, when he married %vìth Qmcca. F i lippa ¿ Don1 Fernando Rodrigues de Sigueird wasxliofen in his room,,.without the concurring:Votes of, Calatrova, which Chapter was . confirmed by Pope Urban Af\, induced hereto in Refentment for thtCaJHUans follovviiig at this Time the Pariy of the Antipope Clement VII. againil the faid Urbain The faid Prince ordered thé Mailer afterwards, that he ihould not con- fent to the Vifit intended by Don Gùnçalo JAunes dr Gufnutm, Mailer of CalatraDa), who for this Purpofe was come into tht Portuguefé Dominions : This Prohibi­ tion féems to have1 been founded on the aforefaid Bull of Pope Urban VI, con­ firming the Election of Don Fernando Rodrigues, as abòvementioned ; and not by one of Pope Eugenias IV , as fome. Authors have affirmed ; not bee aule there was not fufficient Time for the King’s procuring Bulls from this Pope, as he was clefted ybmo 1431, that is, two Years before King Johns, Deceafe, but for the Reafon the Reader will find hereafter. As at this Juncture the Bafikaii Council continued its Sellions, the Mailers o f Calairava had Recourfe to. it, and obtained its Decree," on the ill of Decem­ ber, 1436, that the Knights of Avisa, fbould return to their ancient Subordina­ tion : But Don Affonfo Pereira, then the 'Portuguefe Ambaftador to the Council, and afterwards Marquis o f Valenza, oppofed the Paid Decree, and obtained a Bull from Pope Eugenias IV, to .exempt the Order of Aviso from the laici Vifit. This Bull was .not difficult to Obtain, as well oá account o f the bad Intelligence which fubfifled between the Council and the Pope; as from the Attention'this latter paid to the Perfon of the Infante Don Fernando, who was at this Time made Mailer of theOrder; on the Death of Don Fernando Rodrigues de Sigueird, in Augujl, 1433: However, Jo b n il.K in g o f.Gajlile revived his Solicitations,.in. 1439, for the Subordination of A v iz to Calatrava -, but without any other Ef- J e fl than that of . an Order, from the faid Eugenias IV, to bury the Bifpute in perpetual Silence. - -. The. firft Mailer of the Order wasDon Pedro-Affonfo, Brother to King A f- fonJo-Henriqnes • and, including him, there were twenty three to the aforefaid Don Fernando Rodrigues do Sigueira : Afterwards there followed fifteen Admini- ftratbrs or Governors, béginning with the Infante Don Fernando, Son to King John I, and ending with King John V, who was the thirty eighth in his Cata­ logue 3 which comprehends all the Mailers and Adminiftrators of the Order, both before and after its. being annexed to the Crown, in the Perfon o f K ing JohnIII. ' 'r r- ; ,■ • U' : ■ . ''V p - . After the D i^ ty òf Mailer pr Adminiflràtor; is the Head Prior of A u iz J hi. whom the fpiritual Jürifdidlion o f all the Order refides, befides tlie temporal, which he exercifes in the Convertí. He ufes pontifical Enfigns, in virtue1 of a Brief obtained from Tope'Ky by Duke George, when '.he ; was Mailer * and enjoys many other Preeminences,as are noted in ihe Collection of; their fita " Etat- tit. h cap. 3 . tiifes. The firft Head Prior we read of, was Don Fr. Gonzalo, in the Mafterfiiip of Don Joaon Rodrigues Pimentel, in the Ÿ ear 1349. : And this Order hath 'other Dignitaries,

.1 ■ Dignitaries,. chief Commendador, Rcy-keepcr, ■ chitflAIferpi^ and chief Sa- criftanj which go annexed fo the Pnorihip of the collegiate Church of -Alcaqova of Santaremt ! ■ The Patrimony; o f this Order eonfifts. infoiUynmeTommewdas, 1 within and Without the JuriicUcfion of'the Mafirerihip1; though formerly it. enjoyed;1 many more, fepa rated iin ceo c c Hi on afiyby- ap oft o hca IB riels, ’and applied to Other va­ rious Ufes. -There are in it feventy one Priorlhips and Curacies * dour iof . which, former ;are Judges of the.Territories ctf the Order, viz. that:o£ Benavente, $. Maria de Eftremozy- the Mother-Church of Moura, nn d U hat - o £ -, 5 .-Miguel of Aveiro. ' V ■ \ do - It hath a -Convent of religious ,F emafe; Co mm endadciras an Lfpn^ ^dedicated Xo N \ Senhora da Encarnacaon^ - lubjeht to th? 5 "able q f-Confekn« y and 'governed pry -a Head ifdqmntcndadcira, whefe-Eadies o f the fiiit'Quality aretecehed and-boarded. .This Convent Was -not ordered.to he builtby.Kie 'Infanta- Donna-AHrAy H4 pg Manuel ’s Daughter, for thq Nuns of the military Gi'd eivof Ayty, ;;as 'forge\Cnr- dofo miftakenly affirms.; ■ the.Intention of the.'faidiLady;)(q,s jnayibe feenjinlher Teftament) being,. that a Monaftery fhould be -founded in ^ ^ « '.fq T itfeihitins of the Order of S. Bento, fubjedt to its -Genera]: But laB.fill dialing ■ hsriVob- tained from PopeTAC V, at the Inftance of .KingPCiij’ ii, dornCpnimutation o f this laid W ill, the Convent, of which I have been treating, was hull timed'de­ livered to the Commendadeiras of A viz, The Plabit of the Knights is a green Crofs, with Flowers-de-Luce; fir it given them verbally by Pope Boniface IX, and afterwards confirmed by a Brief of Ills Succefior, BmoccntVU, Anno 1404.

Order of the Hofpital of St . J o h n , or o/’M a l t a . This Order had its Beginning, as fome Hlftorians affirm, in the Year 1104, and in the City of ferujdlem (Capital of FalejUne) , under the Reign of King Bauldwini, Succefior to Godfrey of Boulogne', their firfi: Seat was in an Hofpital and Chapel dedicated to 1 ¿It, John, founded by the generous Piety of the Mer­ chants of Ajnalfd (a City of the Province of the hither Principality in the King­ dom o f Naples) trading to the Levant. Some Authors, followed by Vertot, in (his Hiftory of Malta, attribute this Foundation to Anno 1048; others have con­ tented themfelves with acknowledging Gerardo, a French Gentleman, illufl'rious by Birth, Valour, and great Virtue, for its Adminiftrator in 1099, when the Conqueft oifem fakm waseffefted. From the faid Hofpital, founded for the Entertainment of the Pilgrims who vifited the holy Land, the Name o f Aofpitalers was given to tire Profeiloi s of this Order, by which they are known in .Hiftory; Their firit Malter was the faid G erardowho was fuc’ceeded by Ray mundo Dupuis; in whofe Government, this Order pafied to Fontugal, - After the Lofs of Jerufakm (which happened in the Year 1187), it was fuccef- iively eftabliihed in the Cities of Margat andrere (the ancientPialemais) in Sy­ ria •, Limijfo, in the Kingdom of Cyprus; in Rhodes, an I Hand in the Me di terra- : iteani and, laftly, in- the file of Malta, which Charles V, gave to the Order, Anno 1530. - . . , This .Ordfer. was introduced into Portugal in the Reign .of King Afonfo-I-Im^ riqUes: - And although the Tim e o f its -Eitabhfiiment in this Kingdom docs - not abfolntely appear, itL certainly was before 'Anno 1157, as in this Year his Majefty granted -feveral Privileges to Don Ayres, Prior o f. it in Portugal and Galicia. ' 1 £' . 1 ' , F or the good Government of the Cavaliers, there is alfo the Dignity of grand Commendador of 'Spain, who hath Jurifdiition in the five Kingdoms of which it 1 ris.compofed, Avi. Portugal, Leog, . Gdfiih, Aa'agon, and Navarre: Among tliefe, ■ ¿here hath;Been two Portuguefej but as thefe copld not always live in For- J Von Ilk . - * N tugai, 4 6 D I S S E R T AT IONSv ■ON ■ tugaU they appointed Lieutenants in the faid Kingdom, in the Years j 270 idtmiiiii.I-'l'- fit. tom. .j This Order enjoys in Portugal die following Patrimony, twenty, three Com- liv.i6ieip,j.3 mendasi whofe Rental is .about forty dive Millions MReHfct:Annum\ includ­ ing the Priory o f Crate, now or lately enjoyed by the Infante Don Frandjcot The Order hath likewife three Baiiiwits.j ..which'are,that of Lc$a, very,profitable ; that of Acre, ad Ilmerem-, and, alternatively-with C^'/c, the grand Chancery and Bailiwic of Negreponte. ' ; Its Government in Portugal is dire&ed by an Ailembly, coriipofed. of a Prcfi- dent and all the Knights profefled, who have refided three Years in Malta*, but i f there are n o tfo u ro fth o fe to meet, befides the Prefuknt, Lawyers are called in to make up that Number.: In this Tribunal/ all the Bufinefs regarding the Order in tills Kingdom is treated iof, and the Reception o f new Brothers in the civil or criminal Caufes depending before the ordinary Judge* an Appeal lies to the faid Afiembly; and in cafe of a fecond Appeal in the laid Caufes, it.comes. before the Affembly, under the Name of a provincial Chapter, where many are terminated by Law, and others may be moved from the faid Chapter to Malta. This Order hath a Receiver-general in Portugal v in whole Abfence or'Va- cancy, the Employ is ¿xercifed by one, with the Title o f Adminiitrator of the Receipts* ;

CHAP. S P A I N : À n d P O R T U G A L,

C H A P. V i l i .

A Description o f the Province c/’Entrc-D outo a n d M i n h o .

Skali begin my Geography of Portugal by the Province o f Entre-Douro arid I Minbo, as it is thenorthem m oft ; and where (following the Example of my principal Authors) I have determined to commence my pfefent 0 eicriptIon of . v the Kingdom. - h ’ ! . This Province' takes its Name froth its Situation, lying between the Rivers Dourù arid Minbo ; o f which the tirft feparates it to the North from Galicia, as the other' does it to tire South from tire Province of Beira: The other Territo­ ries join eafterly to the afòrefaid Kingdom of Galicia, and the Province of fra z - cs Montes ; and wefterly to the Atlantic Oceàri. ItsXength, from North to South, is commonly .computed eighteen Leagues ; and its W idth, from Eaft to W eil, twelve, except in fome few Places where it .is narrower. GnparEftago Notwithstanding the finali Extent of this Province} it is rndjfputably more p^nXip! % populous than any in the Kingdom ; for, above an hundred Years ago, it was . computed to contain upwards of 100,000 Houfes, and, on a Calculation made .in the Year .1732, itappears from good Authority, that near 600,000 Souls .. then refided in it. This Populoufnefs is to be imputed to the great Fertility of the Soil, and the Communication of the Rivers with the, Sea; where they form the different Ports of Oporto, Vi amia, Caminba, Ejpcfende, Villa de Conde, and Mafojinbos, or Port Lefa ; facilitating by this means its Commerce, which has in­ creased the Number of its Settlements : Info much, that in the Province there are two coniiderable Cities, Braga, the Capital, and Oporto-, twenty fix Towns, forty fix Councils ; forty four, or, as others fay, forty eight Coutos ; and twelve Behetrias, Honours, and Julgados, Among the Towns the principal ones are, Guimaraens, Vianna, Ponte de Lima, Villa de Conde, Caminba', Barcellos, Monfaou, and Vaknfa. This Province is enriched with feveral Rivers befides the Douro and Minbo, which ferve it as a Barrier, viz. the Lima and the Ca-oado, winch run from Eaff to Weft; the Neiva, Aloe, famega, Lefa, Scafa, and fome others. This Plenty of Water in fo fmàll a Territory, has not only given Occafion to adorn it with near two hundred Stone Bridges (fome of curious Architecture), but caufes.a general Fertility; to which the exceffive Number of its Springs (commonly fard to be above twenty five thotifand) do not a little contribute. Among the Pro­ ducts that it abundantly yields, arc Wheat, Vines, Cattle, Flax (of which they make large Quantities cf Linen to fupply the Kingdom), and Wool (which fur- nifiies.Materials for a very extenfive Commerce) : The Country alfo abounds in . all Sorts of Game, as the Rivers do in Variety ol Filli. N ." In regard7 to "the ecclefiaftical State, this Province, inclpfes two Cathedrals, which are thofe!of Braga and Porto ; Eve collegiate. Churches, viz., o f Guima- ràens, Barcellos, Codfeita, E alene a do Minbo, and: jfanna ; a great Number .of Ab- bies, Monafieries and .Convents, generally, well endowed;, arid 1^00 Parlili es, as Europa Port. . fome fay, though others count only 1148; ( The military Orders have, alio here r’'~' m any Còrrimapderies.; among which the Eailiwic of Leca is. a principal one, .and belonging to the Religion oCMalta. ' . ' y This 4$ . . i) I;S'S E RT A T0 ,:k:S^:o;N.;^,-;-I

1 This Province undivided into fix Juri fdiétions ; of which three appertain to the Crown, and are therefore called Correiçoens, and the other three Ouvidorias: T h e former zr&Guimaraens, Vi anna, and Porto-, the latter, Bar cellos,. Braga, and Vaiença. In each, of the. fijrft, a Minifter aflifts for. tiré K m & ' with 'the Title of Corregedor'-, - in the others,-; an Ouvidor, who, ihoügh difflnét in Appellation, is equal in Power. '■ 'd : ,r; ■, This Divifion by Correiçoens and, Ouvidorias, ,was thought eafier to be. compre- . bended than the common dne by Comar cas, which lèverai .Geographers have.ufed; becaule one arid the fame.Comarca, in virtue ôf .thejurifdiélion ■ committed' to Provedores (as Contadores? whoarealfo of the royal; Revenue), extend-to Lands o f different Correiçoens and Ouvidorias: T o which may be added, that the Name . o f Comarca is equivocal, as it: fometimes lignifies Lands belonging to the Crown, -at other .Time's it extends''to a whole'Province, and often it is taken fo r tHe'ecr- ci,efialHcal Divifions o f foirte Sees ; ax for Example;' m.tlfo Ai'chbiihopric ofBraga, wherein M'eüveCàmarcas, com()rehending.thofe which this Mitre has in the Pro- . vince of Trass os: Montes, and in the Diocefe of Porto, '.where a firndaifbiyihon is alfo made. . ' 1 - ririG’ : ■ rf\ . CoTTciçaon de Guimaraens. ' This Correlation is cokvppfed o ffo u f Towns, twenty Councils, fourteen Goutos, four Honours, and one Julgado : ' W liich I ihall note in alphabetical Oftier. r 1 ,-: ' Towns. ' ; --'I :. Amarante, Caliavezes, Guimaraens, and Povoa* ;. . . . Councils., 1 ^ Aguiar, Aley, Gabecetras de Bafto, perolico de Bafto, Pelgueirbs, Gc/laço,- Gouveà de R.iba-Tamega, Eernicllo, , Lanbofo, Mondlm, Monte longo, R i heir a dePtna, Ribeira de Soaz, Raças, Santa Cruz de Rïba-Tamega, Sifodon de Rly, Serva, Vieira, Villa~ boa de Roda, and TJnbaon, Coutos. . ' ‘ Abhadim, Ponte-ûrcâda, Manceïïos, Moreira de Rey, Parada de-Bouro, P sdraido, Pombelro, Poufadella, Refoyos de Baftos, Taboado, Tibaern, Travânca, Pitas, and Vimieiro. ■ ' " " • ; . Julgado. ' ; Lagiofo.. Guimaraens Is fituated between the Rivej’s Ave and Vifellir, about three Leagues to the eaffward of Braga. Its Origin is attributed to a celebrated JVJonaffery of the Order of St. Bennet, built about the Year 927, ÎU a. Garden beating .that Name, for Reafoiis which will be mentioned. Near to this Monaftery a Settlement was made, called Burgo, which afterwards alfo took , the'Name of Guimaraens', and, Anno 1096, the Earl D o n Henrique gave it a Charter. This Town was fubfequently inclofed with a Wàll by King Permis, Containing near 850 geometrical Paces; hi which were nine:Gates,’ and.feveral Towers, railed in the Reign of King John I. 3 t is divided into the old and new T ow n ; Names, -which,, according to the Conjeéture of the famous Antiquaiy GaJfarBftaço, proceed from, the Building Pûntig, o f the aforefaid Walls y calling the lower' Part' the dew ( which King Dennis walled), cap'61 and the upper Part (where.the'Caille is) the old Town.' The Number, of Fami­ lies, in the.Inclofure and Suburbs, are reckoned at near 230,6. ' : Bélides the chief Square ;(iri wh^ch ftands the Cafa.da C'amer# rahd Audiencias); here are many others, ‘Terreiros and Roe ids Eoür parbchial (¿hnrehes, vizs "the Collegiate of Tboftra Señora da OUyeira, S « Payo,‘S< Sebaftian, sxnpS. Micbael dàCaft-- teUo, in which King AffonfidHejiriqucs^ was" baptized; and'twp| othéiTànflies, that more properly .belong to the .Suburbs. The other Edifices, within and without the Walls, are, the Houfe of Mercy-, the Hofpitals of S. Paya, S. Lazarus, and S. \ Damajb ; SPAI N ami> POR T U G A L. Damàfoi though fomè of them altered from their origiiial Iiiftitution, Six Mo- - :J nafteiies or Convents, viz, Fraricìfcan Friars, Who have had various Founda- ' tions, the firft: in the Reign of King Affonfo II : Dominican Friars, built at hr it in the Tear 1270: The Capuchins of the Province, founded in 1664: The Nuns, of & Clara, built in 1559, and inhabited three Years after:1 That of S. Roja', with Dominican Nuns, whofe Foundation was Anno 1680: And,, finally, .at a Quarter of a League to the eaftward of the Town, hands the Monaftery òf S: Marinici da Cojia, fo called from its Situation ; which, having been pofteffed for the Space of four- hundred Years by the regular Canons of St. Auguftn, to whom it was given by Queen Mafalda, Wife to King Ajfonfo-Henriques, paiTed in Com­ mendarli to James Dube o f Braganqa, in the Reign of King jo in H I; and he Chronica dad granted it,: by a Brief frolli Pope Clement Vii, to the Jeromite Friars, Anno 1528. There are alfo two remarkable Houfes of Retirement for W om en; the one called Nojim 3 . de Mercèsywhofe PoiTeiTors wear the Habit of the Order of the holy Tri­ nity1-, and that o f S :Ifabel, in the Field, whichis: nominated frorhthè Gale go, and Wherein is voluntarily obferved the Reform Of the Mother o f God o f Dijhon, with rite Hopes of profeffmg therein the Taid Rule or Order. Among thefe Monuments of Piety and Religion, the royal Collegiate of Nojlra , Bemra:da Oliveira. holds the firft Place, to whofe Prior the Title of Den is an­ nexed: : it owes its Original to tire celebrated Convent o f the Order o f St, BeHnet, founded1 by the Countefs Mumhdona, Aunt to -King. Ramiro II. oiLeony and has been Wery tonfidérably enriched by the various Donations of the faid Ramiro i arid, thoib of Ordonbo-dir, - and others. This Convent,lafted, with fotfie Altera­ tion, from its.firft Inftitution till the Time of Earl Nenrique, or tnore probably till that of his Son King Affonfo y who, exringuifhing its ancient Monks* made the Church collegiate and1 a royal Chapel : The Fabric of the Church that now exifts, is'from the Tune of King Jobnl, who ordered it to.be new built;, and* in fie ad of its former Confecration to : Bontà Mari adé-Guimaraehs, it was dedi- cafed to Nojlra Señora-da Oliveira, an the YearT.342; .and'in the-Reign of King ■ Aifonfo the Brave, ‘ ' T - n ■ ■ ' ■' TheTaid collegiate Church is compofed of fourteen Canon-Prebends; eight Half-Prebends and fix Half-Canonihips (of which two are Curates in the Pre- fentation of the Don P rior); and they all originally lived encl'oifiered under'the Rules , of S tcAuguJlin, as -was pradtifed in many Cathedrals of the Kingdom : Gafpryfaw Its Dignitaries are; Chanter, Schoolmafter, Treafbrer, Archprieft, Archdeacon dc o f Villa-Cova, 1 and Archdeacon of Sobradello. The Kings of Portugal formerly ^ «* granted very great Privileges, not only to the iDon Priori Dignitaries and Ca­ nons o f this collegiate Church, but alfo to their Huibandmen and Stewards; the which being wrote on Parchment, and bound in Boards covered with red .Leather, the faid: Immunities , were vulgarly called the Privileged of the red Boards. - y -...... Ditto,cap.5j. The Dignity o f D on Prior was always of the royal Patronage, and at all Times provided by the-Kings wlthiPetfonS of the greateft DilHmfiion, the inoft ferene Houie Braganqa not haring'difiained to-give two Prelates to this Church; ' . A t prefent (Anno 1734): the-Don Prior of Guimaraeht is Don Joam \ de.;Soufa, Son to.Don Francijco -.de Poufa, Captain; o f ,the Guards*:. and Prefi- dent of the Council Chamber ‘and Table of Conicience; and of the Council of ■ State. ri -- ; In fpeaking. of1 the Prerogatives .which the. City o f Guimaraeni eh joys, .1 .(hall obferve, that it has the Glory of being the Place where die. Kings of Portugal firft kept .their Court,, .and the 'Birth-place of .King [Affonfo-Benrigwsi There is ■; alfo a Tradition, lufficiently authorized, that i f gave Birth to the famous Pope St. Damajir-, • but this is not to be underftood of the prefent Town, but of ¿nor­ ther that anciently ftood there with the fame Name* to which &>me Authors gave VoL.ll. *0 the ‘ DISSERTATIONS ON. 5° Xhuniion de the Title o£ a City, and called k Arzua* çr Araduça.':M m y o f tile Kings 6 f i V - C dce , CîiroA. do Priât. D. tugaï hâve honoured k with great Privileges, efpeciahy-.DiW.r, Alfonfi IV, mid JiüO», tip-IJ. John I. T h k laft Prince, defkous to compensate tlie Prior, ■ Don Frt Alvaro Gen* fn bèi Qtmek> o f Grata, (he Places of which he was deprived by the K ing’s-Re-i treat to Gajlik* granted hint the Town of Guimaraens, on the 26th of January, 1403 ; fo that he was the firft Donatario or Grantee of that Placer which after­ wards reverted to the Crown : And in Procefs of Tim e was again dii united from it, by Jlfonfe V , in Favour of the jnoft ferene Houle 6f Bragança, and in the Perfim of Duke Fernando* the firft of the Name; WhofeSon, called alfo Don Fernanda* was intkled firft Earl, and afterwards Duke of Gmmàraenj ; but being deprived of all his Eftates by Kang Jobnll* he was fycceeded by his Son the Duke j fames 1 The infante Don B u r ate* Son to King Mantel*. marrying with Donna Ijd- ■■ bth Daughter to tlie faid Duke, he pofiHTed tlie Town of Gtnmarams* with the Title of a Dukedom, and in like manner his Son and Name Wake enjoyed it » but he, dying without Succeffion, the Title became estmél; and Gumaraehs was again incorporated in the Crown, K ing P bllip l. not permitting that the moft : ferene Lady Donna Catbarina* Duchefs QÎBragança* ihould be continued in the. Honour. ! : ; ’ ri . ^ : • ; This Town is the Head Of a Correiçmn* and the Refiderice of a Corregedor\ whofe jurifdiiUon extends as has above , been mentioned- - Its Caftle hath an A P Jde mSr* who was lately. Don Fernando de Noronbd* Ear l o f Mmfanta* and third Son to Don Lam Afaarez de Cajlro* Marqtiisde Cfifcaes* tp whom the laid Com­ mand or Office belonged, as Defendant from the Houfe -ai Caftro-Dairo ; he died On the j 3 th o f December* 1722. To conclude this Defcriprion of Guimaraem* I muff; previoUfly add,, that be* fore the Foundation of the Town that now cjdfts, there was anotKer with the like Name on the faine* Spot, jb that it was . twice built- . And this appears, among other Proofs, that in the Fifh Market where the Church of Santiago now Jtands, there Was anciently a larger one with the fame Tide, which had ferved the Gehd tiles for a Temple dedicated to Ceres ; a manifeit Sign of their having been am> ther Town id that Situation, a Ipng Time before tbatbnilton Occafion of the Monaftery: The faid Church of Santiago was finally ruined in the Tear: 1607”; and had been a: fort of ,a Cdltegiaîe one, as appears from fundry Memorial, contending for many Yeats With the royal Collegiate, till its Prebends were fepa- rated from it, and annexed to the latter v infomuch that the Sekoolmaihey of thé Collegiate of Guiw&r-am is to , this yery Day ihritled Abbot of Santiago* That this ancient Settlement was called Guimaraens* is proved by the Tradi­ tion (corroborated hyother-Gonje^unes^ that Pop ?SltDamfo was natural of à Town or City of this Name;, which cannot be verified.,..without- fuppofHig ano­ ther Guimaraens to fobfiff many Ages before 927, in which the Convent ;of S t, Bennet was begun, and afterwards eredted into a royal Collegiate, as has hem before obferved-, In fine, what feems moll probable ha fudi à: Confuiion of Me­ morials: (as above remarked), is* that where theTown now fhrads, there was for-, merly another* of ithe fame Denomination, which conrarnnkafed to the Garden in which the Countefs Mumadsna built her Mpfiafbery,; .and that (his in its Turn imparted the Name to the prelent Guimabaens. .. ri :1 ri “ ;ri ■ Correiçasn de Xrianna. . 1- -■ - arçimfo’T^wns, HeVoVCbunais, and thirteen Coutos. Towns« -iV:,' ■ . 1 . ri'1" -ri- '■ Areas de V aiderez* Mcn.çacn* P.ica de Regalados* Ponte daPBarca, Ponte Je Lima, ' - Prado, Sputo dePJbeira deipomni* Vdanm* rand ViiktrNoyo JeGerveira. p .

h ‘ ' ' v 1..... 1 ■’ Councils, S P A I N a tod PORTUGAL. $ f - v ■ ■ ; ■ J ^ ■ -'Councils. ' ■' ' ' ■ 1 ■ - ■ Albergatiti, 'de P snella, Bòutoy Coura, Entre FbmÉm, e Cavedo, Óeraz do Lini ti $ Lindofoj. Stinta Marthti de 'Eòtitio, Santo EfevaOn da Faeha, Soajo, South de Reòords* nos, and Filiti Garcia. ■ ' ' r ‘ ■ ' ' : L. Coutos. Aboliti da JSlobrega, Azevedo,, Baldreu* Boaro,. Cervaem or Vìllar de Areas, Fret- riz, Lazio, Manbetité, Nogueira, £>yeijada, united with Bòilbbfa, Sabatiz, Stionjins> find Souto. „ I ' ' ' ■ ’ . Viaitna is fituated in 41° 44 of northern Latitude, at the Mouth of the Rivni1 L i iti a, wh°fc Waters walh the fo nth Part of its W alls, It was. founded by King . AJfpnjh lXi, who ¿ave it a Charter in the Year 12535 declaring: his Intention to build a Xowh in 'the Place called Atrium, ¿ear where the Lima difembogues it- ' felf into the. Ocean* and to give it the N apie o f V i anna. It Is large,- well built 5 and, befides its W alls, it is .defended tpwards the Sea with the following Forti­ fications, ‘viz* 'the Calile o f Santiago 'Upon tire Bar, wifii five Bulwarks, two Ra­ velins, : and a wet Fbfs cut out. of thfe live Rock, being the Work' of PbiUp II5 O v er-again it the Bar, and’ at tile Extremity of 4 Quay, there is aho'h femicir- cuiar Platform to impede a Iioiliic Entrance. . ■ ■ The Town‘ within the Walls, is divided into' the'iberni Qifttidls of the Ban^ deira, Carr dr a, Monferrate, S. Bom-Ffotnem, P oft go, S- BèHnet, and Campo do Forno. All which arò ip well peopled, that they exceed 3000 Families in two Parifhes: ^ìz.Noftra.Sentirai da Affutnppon, made Qoìlegiàte’'by Pope;JZjv/?iVf IV, fpmeTfme betwèen the ;Yeai‘s 1483 and 149.P, at the hifiaiice. o f Baldwin Biihop of Ceuta, to whoie Mitre; yvefe given the Churches fepatated, from. the Cathedral of Lug, before they paffed to the'Afchbiihops oÌBraga-, the find Collegiate is at prefent the Mother Church, infiead of S. Salvador, which was fp many Tears before the walling theTow n : T h e other Farijfh is ÌAofra Bettora de Monferratewithout the W alls. ; • y . : ‘ . ■ . . ■ ' ;■ T h e other .Edifices are, a Houft o f M ètcy, Hofpltaì, and feven Con vents,- as follow f The Mona fiery of Santa Arina,. with Ntins of the Order of S. Bennet? founded in 1,5125, that o f S. Bennet, with Nuns atfo o f the fame Order* founded Bened.Lufit. hyiBrief of Pope Paul II, expedited hi OBòb.er,' 15495 S. ribeotomo> pf regular Ca- ijons, of wllich the firfi Stone was laid in Auguft, ,1.6315 Dominicans, , founded by. the great Àrchhiihop o f Braga, Dpn Fr. Bartholomew ¿os,Marbrés, in tfi? Street caMt& AJtamira, in 'April, 1563 - Carmelite D efalks, whole Foundation X do pot find remarked 5 -and two o f the Capu.cU.ns pf the Province of.£. Aritonjp^ o f which that palled S. Francifco do Lpon/p, fiands about a Quarter Pf a League' northward of theTown. . Viann.a. is a Sea-port 5 and formerly-its Bar, admitted Embarkations of thè largeft ¡Bulk, pu t for fojne Years paft it has 'been ip ftoppéd up with Sand, that only fmaji VeiTels can go over it, cojihnojdy trading to the North, dpecially tà . England. ' ' Its Commerce was .very .great the Beginning of lafi Century, infor much that.it Had feven ty large Ships belonging to its Inhabitants, chicli prob^ biy was the Rcafon o f taking a Ship for its Arms,. ■ . •’ A t gufentViarmà is Incorporated in, the Crowh* thphgh it ; anciently apper­ tained : to fomd particular Gentlemen.,1 ; King Peter I ; .created it an Earldom in Favour- o f Don Joaon Alfonfo Fello de 'pAenezeSj. Progenitor'to tlie Marquhlcs of ' Villa-Real -, in1 the Reign of Joint I,- there was a Don Pedro de Menezes, Earl o f Nwrch.L-,.- ■' Lianna and Villa-Real, Captain ■ of Ceuta, and firfi Admiral after the PajfanbaSj liv.iV, V wàrdj in a Mountain where is nowfeCn thé Church of SantaPucid:, Whole Foun^ dation is commonly attributed to the Celtic Gauls, almoft three hundred Years before our Redemption ; calling it Vianna, in Memory of. the City m Francewith that Denomination, of which they were Natives; But as-there¡is no other Proof for this Suppofition or Etymology of the Appellation than the Refemblance, it may as well be alledged, that the: Inhabitants o f Vi anna ..in, th tDelfin^do were Founders Vianna de Aujlria, that in the foutHem Part oîl&olidnd, that in the : Kingdom of Navarre,, and, finally, Vi anna in the Duchy of Borupon. the River Aifne. The ancient Vianna was an epifcopal City ;. which Dignity wâs mnited, in. the Year 6 io, tó the Church of Fuy i nth e.K i ngdom. of G ali età. , It is the Head of. a Correiçaon, and Seat o f a Córregèdor,,^. Preveder,. and Judge- ; de Fora. The Government of the Tòwn is by three aBroturâtor of tKc Council, and other Minifters ; it is cuftomarily a Place, of Aims,,where! the-: , Maejìrc de Campo, General (who governs thofe.of the Province), refides..... ‘

Two Leagues i o the npith-eaR of -Valenza, hands the Town of Mondami, o h : the'Brink of thé River Minbo, within a C annoti Shot of Salvate fra. • Sòme Au­ thors rnflif on its having been, raifed from thé Ruins o f a very ancient rPlaca, . named Obobriga ; but although it is certain, that in Spain there was a City fo called, as, al fix that the Inhabitants of Monçaon came from leverai Parts,: there , is not a fufficient Foundation to credit the aforefaid_Conje£ture o f its Settle­ ment. I {Kalitherefore content myfelf with typrefenting what can he more de­ pended 6n in the Affah; ; which is, that the Town was built by King Alfonfo III. In Conto deManzedo; to‘which lie gave Forai, in the Year 1261, and nominated ît Mûîiçaoà -, joining to it .the.JurifdidtioAs.of Baditn,. the.Council of Penba da_ 'Rivlnba, and others: Kin g Dennis directed the'Building its Walls and Caille, to which King^/fo II. added fome other Works. ; ‘ I f is a Pince o f tolerable Strength, as will appeal' by a Defcription.of its For­ tifications. To the Land it has five intire Bulwarks, built with Stone; a Guards room, with its Parapets and fécond Ramparts: The two/Bulwarks, between which Rands the Gate of. Miracles, or of the Sun, have their lower Flanks for its „ Defence, with a Ravelin that covers it. . Oh the .River. Side are. feed the Bul- warks of S. Benne/ and Mercy • and, to make the firff of thefe mote, prominent, the Rampart hath a Faceand a F lank which binds or ties, it with, the fécond Baf- tiphs : After the Bulwark o f Mercy, there follows a final! one, that unites with the old Wall and a demi'Bulwark, at whole Foot is a,low Platform, called tra Señora da Vifia, which hath a faliant Angle in Form of à Bulwark upon the River, and afterwards two half Bulwarks, All thefe Works,’ from.the Bul­ wark o f Mercy, are ihrrounded with FoiTes, except .where, the River renders it inacceifibie. . This Town has four Gates, named Salvai err a, Rofal, da Ponte, and S. Bento ; and contains aoo Families, It has one parochial Church, dedicated to.S-Mary; which in former Times belonged : to the Biihops of 7 by, until the Prelate, Don Joaon Fernandes Scttomayor, changed it with King Dennis, Anno - i 308;. and it remained a Redtory in the royal Patronage!. _ Here' is alfo a Houfe o f Mercy, an Hoipital, and a Convent pf Francifcan Nims, .tKe,Timef o f . vvhofe,Foundation does not appear: The Benedidtine Nuns were removed from hence a few.Years 'ago to Bar cellos, after officiating fonie Tim e in the Seminary of Braga. [ -, The Lordihip of this Xówn, King John I, gave to Dopo, Fernandes Pacheco in the Year 1423, fiut he foonranfonied it again fora Suih of Money: RingJ^ctyp V. alfo ceded it to Don Affonfo,.~E-3d\ of Ourein, eldeft..Son Id. the pvike-|òfByàgariça-, but it was fo oppyled by the Inhabitants, that the royaf tyrant neveytook. Ef- ■ feéf, and they were able to. prevail withjfaZwjl, that it ifiould .no.more;be.alie- nated from thë'Crown,'except to obfei^uiaté any of. theifQueens. ' ■ 'T_ ... . A famous SPAIN A K b P O R Tü G A L. ' A famous Siege, which the Inhabitants freed themlelve's front: by. the Stratagem, of a valiant Matron in the Reign of Fernando,. -gave Rile to the Arms the Town* bears, allufive to the P adti Though, in the Year 1659, it was .taken; by A he Spaniards, after a Sitting1 down .before it. lèverai Months, and reftoredby the- Peace of. 16681 Its Government; confifts of a Jidz de Fora, three Vereadones; Procurador do Gonûelfao,1 and other Minifters. , .

F otite de Lima has its Seat on the BgrVks of the Rivet Lima, three Leagues to the e aft ward o f Vianna: This Tow n is likewife dite of thole tirât has beenre- édified feveral Times,, as appears, from various Memorials. Itá Foundation' iá. attributed to the Greeks dr Celtic Gauls, many Years before the Coming of Chriltj’ infomuch that, in the Timé of the Romans, it was known by the Name of Formii L i mi cordm. ' Being defolatéd by tlie général Invalid h of thé Moors, it was or- dët.ed to "be rebuiltby~ Queen Xarga, '-Mother tÓ ' ft mg ' Àjfonj0-Henriquesr, Aiind 1125; and,' filfteringftñ ’Tithe a hew Calamity,, i t wás r éft o red by K ing Peter 1 .' in '1366 : 'Oh*Which Oécafiôn the Site was lome thing moved, the Walls were' iaifed, and other Work's added, as at- pre'fent exiftj its famous Bridge was gifo, now b.u,ilt between two Towers, without^giving its Name .to the Place; as fome might at firft fuppdfe, having been known bÿ thé Appellation of Ponte de Lima fo r’hiany Ages, às Will appèàr;by fun'dry Memorials,1; éxclufive of the Charter of Affhnfo-Flenriqùes, he being then drily infante. Thé Town is well-built, with five Gates - which are that of Soule, do Pçjfiga, da Ponte, de S. pfoaon, and that o f Êragà. ,ít$ Inhabitants, including tíioíé of thé Suburbs, amount to 700 fa ­ milies, among which aré lome very aiicrènt and hoble. One of the principal Édifices of this Town is the Church of N..S. da Ajfump- çaon, made Collegiate at tlie'Inftanc.e of the Arclibifhop of Braga, Don Fr, Bare tbolo meta dos'Martyres'.' It was anciently of the. royal ‘ Éatrondgé, -until, King Pancho II, gave it to tile 'Aréhbiíhop of Braga, Anno' 1238, id Compénfatioii of' forde Damages winch hé' had made thé fajft Church to fuffef, add it remained a; mitred Priorihip ; though it dmft bé.óbferved, that in Acknowledgment for what' K id g, 'Sebaflian concurred in the EréíHon'of this Collegiate, there remained to his Saccefiors the Nomination to four of the féven'Benefices in the faid Church, ‘ the other three remaining at the Difpofition of the Archbiihdp. The other pub­ lic Buildings confift in a Honfe of Mercy, three Hofpitals, and two Convents, viz, th& Çapucbins of the Province of St. Anthony, the Tim e of whofe Foundation is uncertain; and the Nuns of the Order of St.Francifco de Val de Pereiras, half a Quarter of a League from the ToWn, founded Anno 1515, which was before oc­ cupied by Friars of the lame Order : And, finally, the Palace of the Vifcóunts of Villa-Nova de.Cervesra, who are Alcaides mores of this Town. Formerly Ponte de Lima was the Heàd-of a Correiçaort, until- theft aft Years of the Spanijh Government, when this Preeminence palled to Vianna. I,ts Minifters are, a yuiz.de Fora, three Voceadores, a Procurador do Concelho, and others. Villa-Nova de Cerveira ftands on the Banks of the River Minbo, at the Foot of the Mountain called S. Payo, and fronting the Fort of Gayaos in a low Situa­ tion, two Leagues above Caminha to tire, north-eaft, and five below Mcnçaon. It took its Name from an Hind found here, as the Inhabitants relate, and from this Accident took the faid Animal for its Arms; the Addition of Villa-Nova pro- ■ cçéded frem its Renovation,, after moving from das Vqlinhap whereat firftftood. : its Foundation is;attributed to King JDennis, who gave it its Forai, Anno 1321, having difmembered Part-of-the Territory of Gdmhtha in its Favoup;yitris iup- pofed that Durâte Nunes de Leqon (Author.of. this Account)..only lpeaks of the Building the Caftle,-which, as is conje&ured, gave Birth to the Town r It. con­ tains 250 Families, including the Suburbs, and among the Inhabitants there are. many -diftmgmfhed for.fheir .Qualify; -Notwithftanding, the Situation,.- com-., . VopfJI. * P manded D I S S E RT A T I O N S on 5+ manded By various Padrdfios, . as well oii! the Side o f Portugal as Galt:cia,.\i\\^ the following Fortifications. Oppofite to Fori de Gayaon (belonging, to: the Spa­ niards) is the ancient Waif' and near it a Stone Battery-or Platform; capable of mounting four Guns j belldes, the Circuit of the Suburbs is fortified with; four, whole Bulwarks» a Half one» and three Redoubts by the.River, all cloathetfwith Stone and Mud, fourteen Palms high and nine thick, and their Parapets made With earthen Clods: The Fofs is lixty Pahns wide and fifteep deep. A. thou- fand Feet from the Place -towards Caminha, .where, tile River is narroweft and deepeil, lies a Rock called the,Caflcilhiho, lbpmated from tiie Continent by a Remnant of Ground, feventy. Palms long and. thirty .wide f in it there is,,a-Pa­ rapet, m the Figure ofa Platform, for the Defence'of Paflengers and the Fiihery. A t two thoufaiid and two! hundred fe e t towards Vakni^a, ftands a Gort: ,called Azcvedo, after its Builder, Majlre, de-,Campo _Gcneral, Doll prancifcQ. ffAffevedoP who ercried it. in tlie Year 1663 : It is fituated in Novelbe,,:on .tfe Derated:Ridge o f a Mountain, and ferves to cover .the Place on that Side again if Any Attack, from Galicia-, it is a Pentagon, covered by a Stone W a if with its Quarters and. Lodgings. . h-rif. fTpY''. v Tins Town hath four Gates; which are, da Campanhato the -Fforih,1 fh at which is called behind the Church to the Eaft, _ the Porta Nova to' the,Sputhu and. the River-Gate to the Weil. . Among its public Edifices, the chief is the. Mo­ ther Church of M. Cyprian, the only Pariih, and formerly an Abby in. the foyal Gift, but now a Prefentation of the Vifcounts : Befides whichthere is a Houle of Mercy, an Hofpital; and at the Top of a Mountaui, at a fmall Diilance' from the Town, the Convent of S. Pay a dos M i Ingres, ppifeiTcd by Francifcdn Friars, though the Time of its Foundation is not mentioned. This .Place was created a. Vifcounty by K ing Affonfo V, in Favour of Don Leonel de Lima, whofe Defcepd- ants obtained foomPriV/p III.‘the Preeminence of Earls: In fome Memorials we find that the faid K ing Affonfo gave him the Lordihip of it ; but the intended Honour was rendered abortive by the Oppofition it met with from the.InliabF. tants, who did not flop here, but prevailed with Philip. IV . tp annex it to the- Crown, Its Government conftRs o f a Ju iz de. Para, three Fereadcres, and other cuRomary Minifters.

Ouvidoria de Bar cellos. Takes in fevenTowns, three Councils,five Coutos,onejulgado, and one Honour. Towns, Barcellos, Cafiro Laboreiro, Efpofende, Famedcaon,Melga$o,Rates, and F ilh deCpnde, Councils. Larim, Portella das Cobras, and Villa-Chatia. CoutoS. Cornelbdna, Fragofo, Gotidufe, Pahneira ou Landim, and Villar de Frudesl ■. Julgado. Vermoim. Honour. 1 Fralaens.

Barcellos Rands three Leagues to the weilward o f B?-agd, and feyen to the northward of Porto, on tlie Banks of 'the River Cavado, at about two Leagues Diilance frbm the O.cean, where lies* the Par de EfpofendeJ T h e Foundation o f this Place is as uncertain as the Etymology of its Appellation; fo that Ifhall only ■ ky> h paifes for one o f the ancienteR o f the Kingdom, having had itsffrOcura- dor in the Cortes o f Lamego, arid other Memorials mention its having received a Foral from feing Affonjb-Henriqttes, It is mclofed with W alls arid two Very high Towers, SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 55 Towers* .the W ork of thfe .firft Duke of.Bragança-, has four G atd, .viz-. that pf the Bridge Tower, Porta Nova, Porta do Falls ^ and that of. the -Lower Fountain, befides fome Poftems : Including the Inhabitants of the Tow n and Suburbs, they are computed to exceed 500. Families* among which are l'ome both ancient and noble* Its Diftriét is fo large arid populous, that in the War with Spain (finished by the Peace in 1668), it fumiihed three effective Regiments, 500 Carts, 1500 Pioneers, beftdes Militia, ' Nübil. Portujfi The principal Edifices âne the collegiate Church oiNojlra Señora da AJfumpçaffi, ” p’ 9' commonly called the Collegiate of Bar cellos, founded: by Fernando I. Duke o f Bra- gançd, and'confirmed by Pope Paul II. in 1474 s this Church hath the Dignita­ ries ofiPrior, Chanter,. Schoolmafter, Treafurer and Archpiieft, two whole Ca- nonihips, and fome other Beil dices, all in the Prefentation of: the molt ferene Houfe o f Bragança, But the Dignitaries are confirmed by thé Archbiiliops o f Braga; The parochial Church of St. Andrew, a Vicarage, of which the Prior of Bar cellos is Patron: A, Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital ; and a Convent of Capu­ chin Friars, fituated in the Càmpo de F'eira, of which they took PoiTeflion in tire Year*'1563, having before been occupied by cloÿftered Monks ; and fome Y ears- fince camé hefe fforii Monçaon tire B enediSfine; N u ns, after having been lodged in the Seminary- o f Braga. Barcellos-ènjoÿs tjie Prerogative of being the firft Earldom of Portugal after fet­ tling the Kingdom ; for; although it had fevefal with; this Title previous to the laid Period, it does not appeal'that any particular Lord ill ip was appointed fo as where precifely to fix the Honour. King Dennis created D on Joaon Ajfonfo Pelles de Menezes, the firil Earl' o f this Tow n, in 1298 ■ to whom fucceeded fix others of different Houfes, among whom was. Don Pedro, Aüthor of Nobiliarchia For- tugueza, and Son to the Paid King Dennis, unto the Year 1385; when King ‘John I. granted this Earldom to the Gonflable Don Nuno Alvar es Pereira, who ceded it in Dowry to his Son-m-Law Don Ajfonfo, a Branch o f the m oil ferene Houfe o f Bragança : In whom the Title continued till the Reign of King Sebaf- tian,- who changed it into ^a Dukedom, - though ftill in Favour of the Heirs of that Family; and the firfl Duke of Barcellos was Don Joaon, Son to Don Pbeo- dofio I. Duke of Bragança. This Town is the Head of an'Ouvidoria, and the Refidence of an Ouvidor and J u iz de Fora, put in by the moil ferene. Houfe o f Bragança: The reft o f the Go­ vernment depends on three Fereadpres, one Procurador do Concelho, and others.

EJpofende is one of the fix Sea-ports of the Province of Entre-Douro e Mitéo, feated three Leagues diftant to the fouthward of Vianna, in tfie Latitude of forty one Degrees and thirty four Minutes, on the feptenfrional Border of the River Çavado,. about' fix hundred Paces from its Mouth. On the other Side of the River, Southward, Rands Fpon,.:which for fome Time contefted the Duties of the Bat with Efpofende, till it vyas determined in Favour of the latter, as the qldeft Settlement.of the two.; it is fuppofed to have been built a little more than. an hundred Years ago,, and fome add, that its Inhabitants are a Colony from St, Miguel das Marinhas;, T h e Port is Incapable to receive only Boats and fmall Vef- fels. that draw little Water, as at high Tide, there is - fcarcely two Fathom- - Near the Town is a final'll Fort, on the. Bax, advancing landward, and. a Platform to the Sea, for the Defence qf the Bar arid. Cavaliers of Faon which are two Ranges ofStonesimd.in-fhe Water, aboutone-thirdofa League : Between the Land and theTaid Cavaliers,, there, is. a {\ÆcizntSorgidoiiro, which in cafe o f Emergency may ferye for. Shelter to V effels, .being between five and fix F athom deep at h igh W ater. Tiris.Townhath à parochial Church, .tolerably large, with a Houfe of Mercy arid aaHofpita].. . fits Government îsmnder the Direction of an ordinary Judge, •thrra Vem dçm ,. arid Procurador do Concelho, elected tpennially by the People; the D I S S E R T A T I O N ' S ? ci ri

the Ok«*/ o f BarctUcs prefiding, as the Town belongs to tie ttoiife1 of 'Bra* gangai' It hath likewife; an Adniiniftratorf and other 'Officers of the Cuitam-' hOufc, appointed by the King. "" ,-*■ [,J' " ■' ■ '

• Metgtyo; is iituhted three ¡Leagues above Mongaon to the north-eaih 'at,arIittie Diftance from the River Minhp, which bounds it omthe North,; as Part of the River Varfeas (which dmdesPsm/g

Ouvidoria de Valença. T Tliis is.the Imalleft Ouvidoria in the Province, as it only comprehends tftreç; Towns and two Coutos. ■ , . .... ; Towns. ■ . ; Caininb a, Valença, Valladares, ... J Y ’ ■ CoutOS. : ■ -Pûy, Peaens and Paderne. ■ Y-' 'U.n' ■ ’

Valmça has its Situation on the northern Border of the Province, and on an Eminence, ferving as'a Frontièr, and lying almoft North and South with the; City of Tay, from which it is about half a Cannon-ihot'diilaiit, upon the Banks’ of the River Minbo. Some Authors affirm it to have been a Foundation o f V i­ ridi us* s Soldiers; whom, after their Reconciliation with Deci us fimiùs Brutus, the Roman Conful, he permitted to raife this Town, 106 Years before our Re­ demption. Others pretend, that it owes its Settlement-to King Rancho 1 Y be-' caufe when Affonfo II. gave it its Cliarter, ih Augujl, 1217, he expreffes therein that1 his Father had made it another Grant, fimilar tothis : Which, however, is no Proof of its Non-éhftehce for iîtany Yeais before, as it might have been de- flroyed by ÛiSLèoneJe, and King Sancho repeople it. Tt was Toon again laid wafte, either by W ai; or Tòme other Difafter, fo that Affônfo W. hew peopled.it; and, as it formerly had changed its Appellation o f Centraj}a for that of VdlençàçXhe. neigh - Louring Towns now commonly called it Valença de Cmtrafta. "C \ ; . --Y It formerly had the Title" of a' Marquifate; with the Gircumilahce o f its beings the firft of ali thé Kingdom;1 and -w&s givén-hy- Kiiig Affd?ifo^i to Don Affonfo, eldeft Son to thé firft OukeoCBragança: -Gh-his Deàth/his laid Majefty eieéled it into an Earldom, in Favour' of Dòn Henfiaiie"de -Mened.es, -Ear 1 of Louie-, or of' f his SPAIN AND P O R T U G A L. his Father; Don Durate de Menezes, Earl of Vi anna. . In T ime this ! Lord fhip fcl I ; into the PpiTeiTion of the Marquifles of Villa-Real, and Co remained till the Death of the lait Marquisi and the Duke of Caminha, his Son, a little after the Ac­ clamation of .King John IV, reunited to the Crown this T ow n,, and the other Eilates belonging, to the faid Grandees : They were afterwards incorporated in the. Houfe of hjdntiido, as I fhali more extenfivelyexprefs in deicribing the Pro­ vince of iTraz os Montes, to. whieh the Ouvidoria o f Villa-Real belongs. Finally, King John V, defirous to compenfate the Earl of VIM Jo, for his Pretentions againlt the royal Exchequer about Pernambuco, granted him the Title, of Mai-. Cjuis of Valença. _ t The Fortifications of this Place are the following, ones1, u k A Crown Work, on the Frill o f Bom-Jefus, with:three Bulwarks advanced,to the Field, and two demi Bâfrions. joined to the-Fofs. of the.Place, all of Stone and Mortar, its Cu- nettes and Cordon of Mafonry • a Guard-room and fécond Ramparts: In Front. o f the Gate, on one Side o f this W ork, is a Ravelin for its Defence; and on the. other Side, another Ravelin with its .counter Guard. The Body of the Place con­ flits of feven Bulwarks of Stone and Mortar, joined with the old Wall, to which, are newly added- fome Curtains ; aSjthcfe Walls were very high, and the Foifes very deep, there were added three Bâfrions a Cavalier, one .in another, two of them with Faces, and low and high Flanks ; In the Circumscription are three Ravelins ; two of which cover the Gates, and.flank the Territories, which are deep; and the third that defends the Front, and Rands without, fweeping à low Piece which extends to the River: In a large Curtain is A tenaille, 'made by Monf. de Vdnban, and in another a Falfe-bray, with an Angle falianr, to cover the Fofri The inhabitants amount to about 200 Families, divided into three PariiheSj riz; the Collegiate of St. Stephen within the Walls (of which I ihalf ipeak more prefently) ; Nojfa Senhora do Chrijlablo, an Abby of the Houfe of VU la-Real, though by others counted a Parifh ; and Nojjd Senhora dos Anjos in Orgeira. The other public Buildings are, a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and two Convents ; the one, St. Salvador de Ganjey, Friars of the Order of S. Rennet, which appears from good Authority to have been built before the Year 691, and is about half a League from the Town ; the other is Santa Clara, occupied by Francifcan Nuns, though the Time of its Foundation is uncertain. The Collegiate of St. Stephen, a parochial Church of the Town, as abovemen- tloncd, had its Beginning from fome Canons of the Cathedral of Fuy ; who, deeming the Election of Popes Urban VI. and Boniface IX. (whom the Portu- guefe followed) more juft than that of Robert, Son to the Duke of Genebra, who took the Name of Clement VII, and was acknowledged by France and Spain, re­ tired to Valença, and, favoured by King John I, of Portugal, they there formed a new Chapter; and as the Biiho.p of Pay immediately iequeftered their Prebends, they remained' enjoying for their. Support1 the Rents which that Mitre pofiHFed in the Kingdom, from 230 Churches that Pheodomire King of the Suevt, gave to the Cathedral o f Puy, between the Rivers Minho and Lima. The Paid Canons remained in this manner for many Years, naming Admini- flrators from among themfelves,/Kil- the.Infante Don Pedro, .taking pn himfelf the Goyemment of the Kingdom during the Minority pf hiS Nephew'King Af-. fonfo V,i intirely Teparated the aforementioned Churches from- the Bfthopriç of

Caminha is the firft Pom in tlie Province of Fntre-Douro e Minho, beginning to tlie northward; to which follow thofe of Vlanna, Efpofende, Villa de Conde, Le ça or Matoflnbos, and Porto, in tlie Order we obferve. This Town is feated in 41 Degrees and 56 Minutes Latitude, three long Leagues dbove Vidnna, between the Rivérs Minho and Com-o, at a' little Diftance from the Sea-fhore : The Minho, after incorporating with the other River, near to a fraall Ifland, forms two Bars, that to the North belonging to Galicia, and the other to the South appertaining to Portugal ; - the Ifland is inhabited by the Portuguefe, and has in it a fquare Fort, with tWo whole and two demi Baftions ; in the. Middle,of which fprings an Angle faliant, by reafon of a Capuchin Convent which ftands there : All the Work is of Stone and Mortar, with its Magazines and Lodgments; The Foundation of this Town is attributed by various Authors to1 fome of Ulyfes’s Companions, after the famous Expedition to Troy -, but it is, with more Probability, aftigned by others to King Affonjo III. in 1265: Though not with a total Certainty; for, from the Context of the Words alledged for a Proof, it only appears that the faid Prince ordered the Walls to be built, which he might do, without inferring therefrom that the Place was not very ancient, although the Greeks fliould not have been its Founders, In the Year 1284, K ing Dennis granted it the fame Charter as to Valença. Caminha is at prefent a Place tolerably well fortified, as it has an exterior Work, within which ftands a Convent of Nuns, with a Stone Trench, Parapet, and Banquette, that defeends by the River ahnoft 320 Yards, with its Rendents, a fmall Bulwark, and demi Bairion : At the Extremity, upon a great Platform, ftands a fquare Fortin of demi Baftions, which looks towards the River, mak­ ing a ‘Tenaille on that Side, and another on the Land Side, Where the Entrance of the Gate is ; the chief Place is" feparated from this Outwork by.a Fofs, and a fimilar Work runs along, thé River, till it joins with thé old Wall of the Town; in it are two fmall demi Baftions, . and fucceffively another great one. unites it to the faid Wall, with a good Battery on the River. Turning, to the River Coura,- which encircles the eaftern Part of tlie Place, and clofe to -it joins..the Minho, is feen another Trench in Redents, . diftant ib8o Feet, Which has at the Head a. fmall Bulwark, conjunct with the aforementioned Battery : Following. theTr.ench of S PAIN A N D P Q R T U G A L. 59 oi -the River Cour a. on. the Land Side, called ArgadeCouni, _ you fee a very great fenûtdk, with a .demi Baifion towards the River, à .Bulwark on the other Side, and d'large Ravelin fronting tire Curtain; the Fortification pf the Place conti­ nues irregular, with three demi Battions and a.whole Bulwark, encircling, a Ca­ puchin Convent, built in an Ifland, 'and from hence to the River with fome An­ gles Rentrants. On. the Land Side all is farrounded by Foifes, with their covert W ays, Parapets and Efplanades, which Folles feparate them from the Outworks; in one o f the demi B aidons, {landing on the Land Side, there is a Cavalier to command a low Piece of Ground. The.Place hath three Gates ; one that com­ municates with the Outworks.; another with the River Cour a, and alfo to em­ bark for the Mitlho ; apd the third-to the Land. j ; This Town contains near 500 Families, included in one Pariiliwhofe Church is dedicated to Nojja Benbora da AJfumpçaon, now a Rectory, though formerly an Abby belonging to the Houfe of Villa-Real ; this Church was begun building in the Year 1488, toTeiVe the Inhabitants in head of Nojfa Senior a da Eucarnaçaon, fitüated without the Suburbs,. The other Édifices are, a Houle of Mercy, two Hofpitals (one o f them for1 Soldiers) ; a Convent of Francifcan Nuns, built by Don Andr. de Noronba, Bifhop oi Portalegre, in the Year 156.1 ; and another o f Capuchin Friars, of the Province of S. Antonio, whofe Fabric was owing to the Marquiffes of Villa-Real in 1618; to wldch tnay be added, the little Con­ vent or Oratory belonging to the laid reformed Monastics, built in the I Hand aforefaid, Caminha enjoys the Privilege of being a Couto-ior all Sorts of Homicides, pro­ vided the Ctime does not include Treafon agahift his divine or human Majeity. It was anciently an Earldom, made fo by King Ajfonfo V, in Favour of DonPc- dro AharesSottomayor; Vifcount of Thy,1-who came from Galicia to.ferve this Kingdom : The Honour afterwards went to the Houfe, o f Villa-Real, with the Title of a Dukedom, in the Reign of Philip III. King of all Spain-, and, finally, by the Misfortune which happened to that Family in the Year 1641, all thefe E fiâtes were united to the Houfe of Infant ado, and are at prefent pofieifed hy the moft ferene Infante Don Francifco. - - The Government conflits of a jü i z de Fora, three Vereûdores, Procter odor do Concelho, and other Minifters. 1 ‘ -

Ouvidoria de Braga., Is compoied of one City and thirteen Coutos, in the Form following. City. Braga. Coutos, . Arcntim, Cabals, Cambezes, Capeiros, Dbrnellas, Ervededo, Feitofa, Goivaens, Moure, Pedraha, Provefende, Pidha, and Ribatua.

- The City of Braga is jfituated in a pleafant Plain, encompaffed by the Rivers Cavado and Defe-, the firit on the North, and the other on the South; three Leagues from Bar cellos to the Eait, and five from tire Ocean, where the Cavado forms the Port of Efpofmde. Various Opinions have been propagated concern­ ing tile Original1 of this City:; but. the ntoft probable feem to'conclude its being erefted by the Greeks, a little'after the Deftrudtion o f T >-oyIn. which Sentiments I follow the Authority of the fecond Pliny, and.the famous Antiquaries I have formerly ■ quoted, Gafpar Eflayo, \And'r, de Refende, and theArchhrfhop .Don Rodrigo; da Cunba. The Name of Braga is derived .from.a pertain- Veftment, wofe by its ancient Inhabitants: As, by a paralel R.eafon,. Gallia. Narboncnje was called Gallia Braecaia, and- from that City all. the: Natives :were.. deno­ minated Brace arm-, of which Mention is made in the moil ancient Hiftories, . Braga 6à DIS SE RTAT ION S O N Braga hath beeii fubjeft .to various .foreign Nations, u/ia to its Fo.upders tiie Greeks\ the Carthaginians (the Grecians immediate Succeftbrs); the Romans (who drove out the People of Carthage) ; the Sttevi (who in their Turn 'ejefted the Re­ mans) ; the Goths ovRice-Gotbs (who deftroyed the Kingdom vi'Sucvi) ; : the Moors; (who conquered the Goths) ; and, finally, the-Kings of.LvYvV.who twice over­ came thefe latter. " ■ To this Change of Mailers it frequently ovved its Increafé f For thé Romans, befides giving it the Title o f Àugujla, as. appears , by the following Infcrijption found there, - 1 ; : - v :' ■ Udal ap Rhyf. ISlBl.' AUG. SACRVM. . * Curiof- in Sp. LVCRETIA. J'l DA, . ■- ■> : . . & Port, p.iia. . , SACERDOS. PKRP. - ^ .... . ROMAE. ET, A V G .';. , ' -r - ' CONVENTVS. IiRACARAVG. n . V. D,

made it one o f the feven Chanceries or jurldicial Colleges o f Spain Citerior, yAtlx. lb extenlive a Jurifdiflion, that it comprehended-twenty fpur Cities; ill whofe Diilrifts and Dependencies were reckonedny^ooo-Families, allobhged to pro- fecute their Law-fults at Braga, . The .Suevi- Kings. Hill honoured it more, by making it their Refidence,. and.kept.their. Court there, fo r the Space of 163 Years.. Bragawas twice taken, by the Moors, -and reftored bythoK ings of Leatj, un­ der whofe Dominion it remained for many Years; as the Marriage of Queen Ra­ ng a did not feparate it from the other Eftates of thofe Princes, which, with the other Countries, now form the.Kingdom of Portugal., The Royalty, of this City, and its Coutos,;.belong to.the Archbifhops, Primates, with all the Jurrfdidlion, civil and criminal, high and:lovy, pure and mixed Irn- perie: So that he is fpiiitual,and;temporal:Lord- of it, and therefore lie wears a Sword by his Side, and.carries, a Crofiet* in his Hand; and no Corregedores, nor any other Miirifters of the,King, are admitted help, not even in Infurreftions, if not required by or with the Confent of tire'Archbifhops. For the Admini- ilration of Juilice, thefe Prelates have a Court, not . only ecclefiaftical but lecu- lar, which takes Cogniiance of all Caufes, civil or criminal; But with this Dif­ ference, that the civil Caufes, of whatfoever Import they be, as alfo the crimi­ nal of the Coutos, are finally determined here without Appeal; but in criminal Caufes of tire Inhabitants o f the.City and. its Diilri.ft, the Oigoidor of, the Arch- bifhop tries only the firit Inilances, and he may. be herein appealed from to the King’s Courts. This Jurifdifton and Lordihip, which is tire greateft o f any other Donative, was given to the Church of Braga by the King of Leon, Ajfonfo V, great Grand­ father to Queen Rare]a; which ihe afterwards confirmed in the Year m o . The Prelates of Braga peaceably enjoyed this PofTeffion, until the Reign, o f Ajfonfo II, who deprived the Archbifhop, Don EJlevaon Soares de Syfoa, o f tire aforefaid Ju- rifdiftion: But he havingRecoUrfe to Pope Honorius III, obtained that all ihould be replaced on its former Footing, a little before the Death o f the faid King A j­ fonfo, which happened, in'the Year 1223; though it was really King Sancho, his Son, who complied with the Adjuilment. In tire Reign of Ring j^/w I. of Portugal, the Lordihip of Braga] (and that of Porto) was united-, to: the Crown, in virtue of an Agreement made between the faid Prince and the Archbi£hop. Don Martinho Ajfonfo Pires: da Charticca , in the Year 1402; in which, cxclufive of other advantageous Conditions; to the Primate, the King ltipulated to give him for the Cdlion 0 f R raga, gnd r ts Coutos, all the Taxes which the, new Street -in Lijbon. anti the Town 'of Viai\nat paid him, which imported at that Time to 1394 LRares. ^ ./('. ■ '

Seventy SP AIN, A ND POR TU G A L. 61 “Seventy, Years after, K iïég-Affonfo V, Grandfon to John I, reftored thé faid Honour and Jurifdi&ion to. the Archbifhopsj by another Contrail, fettled in Elvas> the 12th Day of March, 1472: But as the Rents of the new Street in Li]'- ■ bon and of Vianna had augmented very confidar ably, the K ing compenfated this Increafe to the Archbiihopsj by giving them the Lands near tile River Gua­ di ana, which formerly appertained to the Bifhapric Of Badajoz, viz. Olivmça, Campomayor, apd O ugnella -,- and for this P Ur pole he feparated them frotri the Bifh op rie of Ceuta, Henceforward the Royalty of . this City, and its Coutos, have always belonged to the Primacy; without any repeated Dlfturbance to its Poffeffion. The greateft -Prerogative of the Church of Bragat- is; its being thé oldeft Biihopric of all Spain, having-bedri illuminated by the ApoftleSt.^;/;«-, as all Spanijh Writers 'allerti and fome .confiderable Authors pretend, that he ap­ pointed S. Pedro de Rates for its Bifhop. Of this fifft Prelate itwaS,- that the Bifhop of Thy, Don Erudendo de Sandoval, giving too' great ifaith to fome an­ cient Manufcripts, faid to have been dìfcoVered in the liland of Sardonia, he relates the fubfequent Fables : (t That'S. Pedro de Rates was a Jew1 by. Birth, and Son to the Prophet Urias, called by Ajitonomapa, Samuel the Youth, or Mala­ ccas the Oidi that having palfed over to Spain, with the Tribes, which Nebuchad­ nezzar King o f Babylon fent there, he Was raifed to Life, by the Apoftle, fix hun­ dred Years after his Death, in order to leave him Biihop:-of Braga.” Thefe Forgeries are learnedly confuted by the fo often cited famous Antiquary, Gaf- par EJlaço, Das Anh£uidi dc Portug» From the epifcopal Dignity, the Church, of Braga became the metropolitan cap. i 3 , 53. and archiepifcopal, aiid afterwards Primate of all Spain : A Title which the Pre­ lates of this Church have always ufedj as is largely proved-by the Archbifhop; Don Rodrigo da Cunba, in the Volume he compofed of P rimata Bracharenjts Ec- ckjhz in unïvenâ Hifpamdl The Church of Braga had formerly for Suffragans, the Bilhops of Pay, Lugo, Orenje, Pria, Flavia, Oviedo, Aflorga, Salamancà, Zamora, Avila, and others,, befides thofe that are in the prefent Limits, o f Portugal : It yet preferves thofe o f Porto, Vifeu, Coimbra, and Miranda i and had alfo the Bifhop of Ceuta for its. Suffragan,1 from the Year 1475, on account of the Lands of the Diibridi of Va- lença, inafmuch as thefe were not incorporated with the faid Archbifhopric. Five provincial Councils have been celebrated in this Church, .from whence they were filled Bracharenfes : The fir ft, fuppofed by fome to have been ill the Year 410, Pancraciano being then Prelate; but the Truth of this.is doubted,.and with feeming Reafon, by the Antiquary Gafpar EJlaço : The fécond in 56.3, in the Tim e o f -Bifhop Loueredo ; the third in 571',. S. Mar.dnho de, Lume, then go­ verning the Church j the fourth in 675, under Bifhop Lcodidjio julidno,j the fifth in 1566, then, governing Archbifhop Don Fr. Bartholomew dos Martyres., Braga has had an hundred and twelve Bifhpps or:Archbifhops, from the afore- fold->5 , Pedro -de Rates to Archbifhop Ruy de Moura Pelles, who died1 on the 4th Of September, 1728,, after having governed twenty four Years. This See hath'given to thé Church one Pope (Atchbifhop.Don.fVi/ns Juliaon) , .with the Name of John XXI; tvyo Cardinals to thefacred College; ' viz-. Don Jorge da Co/la,- and Don VeriJji?no de Lancqftrog befides the1 Cardinal Don 'Menrique, afterwards King o f Portugal, ■ . ■ o: a vy - . -- 1 - i. i " : in. ; -h ■ . i'r h This Archbifhopric1 is , divided into five1 .ecclefiaftical, Com arc as or. D iftiifls. comprehending tliofè iü thriP róvi nee of Entre-ÏDouro and B P riho, às well as them that belong to it in Praz ohMMtes ; which are -the. Diftrióls. of Braga and Va­ lenza, Chaves, Villa-Real, find là Poto deMoncorvo. - In treating of this City, it is to. be.obferved, ‘that its- firft Seat, was clofe■ to the Chilrch of S. Pedro de Mdximinor ; and from thence, to the Hofphal of Si V ól. I L * R Marcos, 6 i DISSERTATIONS ON Maraos, are feen to this Day the Filins o f magnificent Buildings, and among them that of an Amphitheatre and Aqueduót. It is inclofed, with ancient Walls, with feveral Gates and Towers ; of whofe Foundation, or that of its CaiHe, the Author is unknown: Foribm e attribute them to the Earl Don Uen- rique, otliers to King Dennis, and others to King Fernando j but what appears molt probable, is, that tills lalt Prince reedlfied it, and improved its Fortifi­ cations. 1 . . Among the Prelates who have molt emiobled this City, the Archbiihop Don Diogo de Soufa, Predeceflbr to the Cardinal Don Nenrique, has the firil Place* as he truly merited the Title of its Reilorer ; It was he who, among other very very coniiderable Fabrics, built the Chapel of that See * who opened feveral Gates and Streets in the City, as thofe of Soulo axid .St. John, which make the Square that goes from the Gate o f Souto to the Church of Nojfa Senbora a Branca ; and who added the Bulwarks and other Works to the Calile, : Braga contains 4000 Families ; among whom are many very noble, nothing inferior in Antiquity to any one m Spain. Its Arms are an Image ofNojfa Sen- hora between two Towers, with the Child Jefus in her Arms, and above a Mitre. Below the Efcutcheon are thefe Words, Infigma fidelis, & antiquaBracbaree. - W ithin the City are five parochial Churches, and thirty five in its D iilriit : Thofe of the City are, the Cathedral, dedicated to Nojfa Senbora da AJfumpgaon ; a noble, vail Temple, and fo ancient, that fome fuppofe it of the Time of the Romans j in it are colle&ed the Relics of feveral Saints who had been Prelates o f this famous Church : Santiago da Cidade, a Vicarage, with 300 Families ; S. Joaon do Souto, an Abby, with 980 } S. Pedro de Maximinos, an Abby alfo, with 240 ; S. Vistar, now a Vicarage of the Mitre, but anciently a Monailery of Be­ nedigline Friars, founded by S. Martinho de JDume, with 12,80. : The See contains thirteen Dignitaries, thirty eight Canonlhips, and twelve Jercenarias ; Benefices for the greateft Part very lucrative, having divers Churches aggregated to them : The Dignitaries are as follows, a Dean, Chanter ■ Arch­ deacons of Braga, Vermatm, Nei va, Fonte-A rcada, Barrofo, divenga or Santa- Cbrifiìna, Labmja, and Villa-Nova da Cervcifaj a School mailer, chief Trea- l'urer, and Archpriefi: of Valdevez. The Monalleries and Convents appertaining to Braga, are the fubfequent ones, viz. The Convent of S. Frutuofo, founded in the feventh Century, ;by the, Archbiihop of that Name, for Benedigline Friars, at a little Diitance to the north­ ward of the Cityj but is now occupied by Capuchins da Provìncia da.Piedade, by. Grant from the Metropolitan Don Piago de Soufa,. Cardinal Nenriques Predecef- for, who rebuilt it at a very:coniiderable Expence: The Monailery of S. Salva­ dor o f BenediSHne Nuns, ieated in the Vineyard, and founded'by the Archbiihop. o f Braga, Don Fr> Agofiinho de Cafiro, after the Year 15819 ; to this Monailery he moved the Nuns from the ancient one of S. Vittorinbo, clofe by the Bridge of Pima, where they had refided near four hundred Years, fucceedmg the Friars of the lame Order, who were the firil Founders : T h e Convent of Nojfa Senbora do. Populo, Augufiine Hermits > thè firil Stone , of which was laid on the 3d of July, 1596, by the Archbiihop Don Fr. Agofiinbo de Cafiro : The College of St. Paul, founded by the Metropolitan Don'Fr.~ Bartholomew dosMartyrè in the. Year. 1560 ; wherein refide forty Jefuits, who teach Humanity, Philofophy, and Speculativo and moral Theology: The Convent of Nojfa Senbora dos Remedios, o f Franctfcdn. Nuns, Perceiras, diftinguiihed from thè others by a white Habit and blue Sea- pulary} the Time of its Foundation uncertain: The Cony.ent of Nojfa 'Senbora do Carmo, of Carmelite difcalceated Nuns: That of the Fathers o f S.Filipp?Neri, eltablilhed about the latter End of the fifteenth Century: And-lately, v izt \n, : the Year 1748, Mr. ap Rhys informs us, .that a^Moqaitery' for Capucbim Friars was begun} and, in digging its Foundation, the following Coins wete difeo- vered, SPAIN ano PORTUGAL. 6 § vered, which confirms tfrë Antiquity of the Place.;— Ari Ürn, containing a yaiì: Quantity of Copper Coins o f feveral Roman Emperors. Ditto, with an hundred and ieventy feven Gold Medalsj in four feparate VeiTels : In the hr if of which were twenty one of the Emperor ‘Nero and his Mother Agrippina, with thé In- fcription, Divo Neroni Confidi, & Agrippina Aagufta; In the fécond were eigh­ teen o f 'Titus (itruck in the Life-time of his Father Vefpafian, upon his fubduing the Jews), til u s inferibed, Tko Vèfpafianì Augufli Ft Ho, Judah JuhaBii; In thé third were found twenty three of tile Emperor Trajan, upon his Ret uni from Cologne> as appears by their Legend, M.fiJtpio Crinito Cafari T ajànà a Colo. TJbior* Romani reduci ; In the fourth were twenty nine ctf Bevente, on his fef-tling the Affairs of Africa, with this Infcripiion, Flavio Calerlo Imperatori Severo Africa Moderatori Pio Pacifico ; In the faine Véfièl there were 'thirty’fix frnaU pieces of the Emperor Tacitus, which were (truck upon his Election, being thus inferitaci, Marco Claudio Tacitò elezione exercitus Romani Divo Augujlo imperatori,. Here is alfo a Houfe of Mercy, Ltofpital, Seminary, and feveral Pecothhfim- tas, or Receptacles ,for Women. ■ This City is the Head o f mvOuvidoria, and kefidence of àn Oitvtdor and a; Ju iz de Fora; except the Archbilhop appoints two common Judges in their Head.

Correttoti do Portò, Comprehends a City, three Towns, twelve Councils, feven Coutos or Julga-= dos, and five Behetrias or Honours; City; Pòrto. Towns. Metres, Povoa dé Far zittì, and Villa-Nova do Portò; Councils. Aguiar de Soufa, Avintes, Bayaon, Bemviver, Gondomar, Loufada, Maya, Penafiel de.Soufa, PenaguÌaon,.Porto-Carrèìro, Pefyos, and Soalbaetis. Coutos. Anfede, Entre atnbos os Rios, Ferreiraj Meinedo, Paço de Soufa, Pendorada, and Villa-Boa de Qylres. Honours. Saltar, Bdrhofa, Frassaetti Gallegos, and Lowedo.

The City o f Porto is fituated hi the Latitude Of 41 : 11, upon the northern Bank of the River Douro, at three Quarters of à League Diftànce from the Sea. Its Bar is at ^ll Times dangerous, by reafon of the many Shelves of Rocks that furround it; b u tis rendered much mòre fo in Winter, by the great Seas which meet here : O f the aforefaid Rocks, ' theie are more efpecially two diitinguiihed by North and South Lagene, between winch is the Channel for the VeiTels, and to the North thereof Hands the Caille of St. John da Fox,, built for the Defence of the Bar: On the-fouthern Side of the River are fome Shallows of Sand-banks, called Cabadello (or an Heap of Sand) ; between which and the Lagms aforefaid, ■ is a Paifage, ferving only for Boats: and fuch Craft, as this fouthefn Bar will admit of no others, changing continually, according as thé,Weather accumulates or piJpeAe th£fs arenultus Impediments^ ' > The Figure of this City imitates an irregular Quadrilateral, of 2600 Feet in Length, and 1800 wide; Jeated with its Extremities upon two Hills, prominent to, the River, and dividing a Ipkcious Valley on.which the Place is extended! It is inclofed with a good Stone Wall, from twenty to twenty four Feyt High, with its; Parapets^ and Ameyas, fortified with twenty fix lquare Towels, extending without the Walls ten or twelve Feet, the greateil Part èreéted by A rebbi (hop -■ V :'J'- ■’ ' "" ' " ' r; Don ¿4 D I S S ERTATI G NS i on

Don Godalo Pereira ; Cloie to the Rived iti an Angle'of the,Wall, -is a Tower, in the Manner of a Platform, where are ibme Pièces of Cannon. The Horn, in Front of the City, is very deep, yet it tuns w ith’great Violence for .eight hun* dred Feet, and empties ttfelf at three Quarters o f a League Diftànce/(as before mentioned) into the Ocean, wlieffiftands a large Townt Northward, and joim. ing to the Bai* (as has been obferved), is the Caille of St.Joaon da'Foz,which conflits of a long Square, in which are four ¿nail Bàitions y one o f its ffiorf Sides tliat lies wefterly, Hands upon the Sea - and ih its oppofite Side is a covered Gate, with admail Ravelin ; Finally, it is encircled by a narfow Fofs, eût ont o f the Rock, with a fort of a FauJJ'e (or falfe) Bray. . ' " The City of Porto (excepting the .Capital Lijbdn) ■ is the; richeft, m oït popu­ lous, belt built, and the moft .trading City in the Kingdom.; I t has five GâteS; viz. Porta nova, da RJòeira, d do umo da Pilla, a dos Cdrrós, and à do Olivati Iti Streets are handfomely paved,. efpeciatly the Rua nova- ùnà'Rua das Flores * the former being the W ork o f King John I, and the other of K m g Mameli -It is in­ habited by hear 4000 Families 3 3000 within tile W alls, and the reft without,: being, according do Tome Calctilations, 15,870 Souls : This Suburbs ( extra-mu­ ral) are four j thàt of S> Ildefonfo, facing tlie Eaft ; S. Pedro de Mtragaya,-weft- ward} and between thenl thofe of Bom Jar dim and Ferradores. : This City owes its Rife to the Town of Cole, or of Gaya, as it has been cor­ ruptly called $ the which ftill exifts, though the Tim e o f its Foundation is uil- „ known. As tins Place was eredted on the Top òf a Mountain, and proved in­ commodious for its Traffic, fome of its Inhabitants were induced to think of moving to a more convenient Situation, and accordingly begun forming fome new Habitations on the other Side of the River, on a lower, more agreeable Spot, and better adapted to fupport a commercial Cprrefpondence with their Neighbours, than the uneafy Afcent to their former Relidence would permit ; and this increafing by little and little,, procured the,Name o f Portucale, pr Porto de Cale, on account of its Vicinity to its Mother Town. . Ih Procefs of Time it was ennobled by becoming an epifcopal City, and its Prelates were diftmgiiiih d by the Title of. Biffi ops Bortucalenfes or Portuenfes, as is feen in various Councils. This is the moft probable Opinion of the Original of Porto ; in which neither the Greeks, Celtic Gauls nor Suevi, were concerned, as fome Writer^ have too ea- lily imagined. The exaèt Tîm e o f its Foundation is uncertain-} but it muft have been between the Years 163 and 338, as is proved in thefirft Chapter of this Work.. It remained'in great Reputation until 71 ’6, three Yeats, after the general In­ vai on of the Moors, who took and loft it twice in the Courfe of 260 Years : Its ffi'ft Reftorer was King Ajfonfo III. of Léòh j and its fecondi Ring Ramiro,The third alio of that Name; or, more properly, Dòn Moninho Piegai, who, in the Reign of that Prince, brought a powerful Fleet of Gafcòens, With yffiiéh tie conquered . the faid City by Force of Aims. 1 ' ' . W ithin ttie W alls are the following Edifices, viz. the Cathedral (o f which. Ì ffiall take Notice hereafter)} ’the Pariffies of S. ÌSfìcbolas ahd o f -Nojfa Senbcta da PJdiorta; the Houfe of Mercy ;, the HofpitaJ of Roque Aniador and S. Crijpim, and fome others oflefs Note 4 feveml Houfes o f Red ternent for Women, and1 eight Monafteriès or Convents:' Which are; that' of Dominican Friars,, founded by ! King Sancko II. in 1238} -that.ofFrancifcdn Friars, whiçhfhaving beéh"buffi hi the Year 1233, without the Walls, was removed within thèm, in thè Rèign of John 1, and Anno 1404j that Of Nojfa Senbora, da.Confolàçaon, Of ‘lecülar‘Cations o f S t.Jobn the EvangeUJl, who, having bè eh'fettled in ffiiothèr. Place ? jernbved. liither, and the firft Stone was laid 1111499^ ;the: College o f S, Loùrcnqòfo f Je- ^ kuilt by thè River Side, and afterwards moved "to thsRuàdasAG das. in 15771 thé.Mgnâftery ofAve-Maria, 'QÎPenediAuieNxiûf who fé Founda- - rion SPA IN' a x i) P O R TU GAL. tion was laid by Kmg i^ « ^ yiA t'518* and finifhed ini. the Reign oi¥d\ûgJùLvi HI ; whither was tranilated the Rectifies of four Convents, viz. o f Rio-Pinto, Villa- Cova, Pafouquella, arid Puhias: TheMbnaftery o f LA Aorta, of S eneditUfjè ■ Friars, founded in-15975 "to which, by a Decree of the genera! Chapter held tile-pre­ ceding Year, was applied the Rents' of the Convent of Se Joann -daRendora y T h e Convent of. Sahta. Clara, o f Frandfcan Nuns, founded. by King John-1 , - in'the Year 1416; and thé Convent of religious’Hermits o f AugujUn, 1 whofe Bo mi- dation is uncertain*"■ : faR'1'’ - ; . f t ; *‘-Vy.'* vA -In the'Suburbs are the Parifhes- of S-. Pedrù de'Mir-dgdya rinffR, lÎdèfonfo,- and four Convents, viz. that o f Madré 'de Deosde Monchijüe’em Mirùgàyai o f Fran* dfcanLduns,. built in -i 5 45 ■; that of N.ojfa Senhora_ do, Gary no, .of bare-foptéd-Car- Friars, of which the Biffibp Don ÈodHgo da'CuiiLa. laid the ffi rfi -.Stone in 1619;.that.'of the Fathers of the Congregation oiSlPiUppe-N%n ;'andjthat of the Nuns Carme'litas Defalçar, which ,is a Foundatipn pij: Bilhop PiooFfljoJefily dê Saldanha, Anno 1704'. - ' ‘ V ' V ■' . ’ R R f ' The Cathedral, having been deffroyed by the Moon, was. rebuilt by Queen Zb Pareja, Wife to the Earl Dpri FlenriqUef and,! having Rood aim oft ÊveÇentuiies, Bfih.op Don Fr. Gonçalo de Mornes . (who; took Poffefiioh. pf the'Clihi; ui the Year 1602)' ordered the great Chapel to'be re-edified. Its .Chapter conflits of eight Dignitaries, 'twelve. Canonfhips, five derm. Canons,1 ten Pacfielots Digni­ taries are, a Dean (whom the CamtraapojloUca prefe.nts),Chantef,"Sdioolmafter, Treaftirer, Archdeacons of Porto, Olivier a and Re go a, with ait fuxHjuieftR ', ■ By the Catalogue of the Prelates, which have governed this Çhurçh, Üièy appear to have fixty two to the Year 1730 ; when the See became vacant, by tfie Removal of the laftBiftibpto'thèPatxiai’chate^ofWeft-Lijbonj . .! . . This City is now incorporate in thé Crown, though.it formerly belonged to particular pràhdées ; as, Don MminhoVugas and his Defcendants, for having gained it from the Moors 5 In wltofe Time it had the Title of an Earldom,.with the other Lands of that Conqueft, in the Yearnao. Queen Pàdjà gave to the See o f Porto, and its Bfihop Don Hugo, the Seigniory, Rents, and Ditties of that City 5 which Grant was confirmed to his Succeffors by K ing Saneho I : But as there frequently happened fome Altercations in point of JurifdifHon, between the King's Officers and thofe of tlie Biftlop or Chapter, King John I. agreed with them, that the Church of Porto ffiould relinquifh to him the faid Jurfididtion of the City, in Confidelation of 3000 Livres^ per Annum, which his Majefty obliged himfelf to pay in the Year 1406 : Thefe 3000 Livres were reduced afterwards, by K ing Mdnoel, to 120 Marks of Silver, when Don Diùgo de Sonja was Bfihop; which Sum continues to be paid the faid Cathedral to tills very Day. . The Bifhopric of Porto is divided into four eccleiiaftical Coin areas, befides that o f the City and its Diftricts, viz. that o f Maya, Penafiel, Riba-Pamega, and Feira, without the Limits of this Province} and in them are contained 341 parochial Churches, Among the Prerogatives of this City, is principally reckoned that of having given Name to the whole Kingdom, which from hence was called Portucale, or Portugal; that of being the Refidence of . a'Tribunal of Relaçaon, or high Court o f Juftice ;: and alfo a Houfe for civil Affairs, which King Philip II. moved from Lijhon here, as hath.' been obferved in Abe fifth Chapter: Here is alfo a Cuftom- houfe, and a-Mintfor Coinage; whofe chief Minifters have the Name of Judges, but not of Prove acres, as tliofe of Lijbcr. are intitled. . Thé Alcaiâarià inor, or Lieutenancy of. tins: City, belongs to the illuftrious Houfe o i Sas, high Chambéiiaînsf Eai'ls of Penaguiami, Marquîffes de Fontes, and now Marquiffes de Ahrantes y where'it is preferred ever fince the Reign o f King Johnl,. who gave it to Joaon djodriguei de Sa, called das Gales \ and he like-, ybffi iriade him his high Chamberlâin : The Defendants of this Houfe were at V ol. 11. * S 'the 6 6 D ISS E RT A T I O M S on

the fame Time intitled Capitals m m , or chief, Commanders, of all that Cq + marca. " ' ■' ;' / > v J Finally, the City of Oporto is the Head o f a Cotreicaon, and the Seat of a Gwv regedor of Comarcd, who alfo fervcs as Provo dor; Here is alfo a Judge do Fora, a Judge of Orphans, and all Places of Letters. " : :1 ; > ‘ 1 ; The Arms o f Porto ■ a t; prefent are, an Image o f the blelled Virgin, with the Child Jcfus in her Arms, between two Towers; and an Infcription, which fays, Cijadt da Virgim (tile City of the Virgin): Alluding to the Name of Terra de Santa Ataria, which Don Mcninbo Viegds gave to all the Lands that he gained from the M oors, and to this very' Day is preferved in the O uvidcria o f Petra.

~ Villa-NoVa do Porto (lands upon the fouthern Brink of the River Douro, in Front of the City o f Porto, and in, the Limits,of the Province of Petra, at a little Diitarice froin the dldTowmof\Cayennis gave another Chapter to Villa-Alova/ w h i C h Was,'greatly enlarged, iince its Foundation. ’ ; - 1 "A t prefent thisTow n confifts o f 580 Familiesj with one PariiliChurch, de­ dicated to Santa Martnha, which was founded by King Affdnfo III; an Houfe of Mercy, anHofpitalj and the Convent of Corpds Chrijii,, occupied by Dominican Nuns, founded in 1345, and in the Reign of King Affonfo IV .y At a little Dis­ tance from the Town, there are yet two other Codvehts /"that otSanfy Anto­ nio, belonging to the1 Capuchin Friars/ da Prtsvincia da Piedade; arid thatofiSY. Augujlin, inhabited by regular Canons/ feated in the M ountain.of ¡gysbranicens, of which the firft Stone was laid in Augujl, 1538, King John III' then reigning, and Don Fr. Baltbafar Limpo was Biihop o f Porti: The Intent of its Structure was to remove here the regular Canons from the Convent of Grijo, 'which was effected/but, after the ’ Expiration of fome Years, the aforefaidCanons re­ claimed their former Habitation / fo that they were feparaled into two Convents, by a Brief from Pope PiusY, in the Year 1566, and they lhared the Rents be­ tween them.

C H A p. SPAI Ñ and P ORTU GAL

C II A P. IX.

Dcfcriptiou o f the Province ó f Trax os Montes.

S Province to: the North borders oil the Kingdom of Galicia j to the Eait /■ on that of Leon ; fo the South, on Part o f the fame, and the Province of Bzira i and to tlie Weft on the Province o í Entre-Douro e Mìnhé, and the eaftèm ;Side o f l ì eira. . It takes its: Name from its? Situation in refpedt tothe Province o f Minbo, lying behind the Serrai, or Mountain of Maraon, a Branch of the Py- -, remes. Some Geographers extenddts: Length, from North, to South, to thirty - Leagues', and twenty wide ; whilft others dimhUfli both conliderably. This Province is generally mountainous, and confequently rugged; dry^ and abundantly .lefs populous than thè-preceding,one,; though it is not deftitute of Lome pleafant Valleys, well cultivatedand, inhabited, which produce more than lufficient, for Support and Regalé,? o f dll the Necéílaries. o f Life ; and they are more particulmly fertile; in W heat,: Rye, and W ine. It is watered h o t only by the River Douro, which feparates it from the Kingdom of Leon and Province of Béira, but by.feverah others, o f lefs Note, as. the. Tamega, Corgo, Tuela, and Sa­ bor, which almoft all lófe themfelvés in thè.firft mentioned. . ! .It contains two Cities ; Braganga, Capital of the Province, and a Dukedom; tend Miranda, which hath an epifcopal Seat: About fifty Towns, of which fome are alio royal Jurifdidtlons; with a great Number of Vicarages included in their Boutidaiies, 'among which the following merit a more particular Remark, viz, Cfcaveiy : Villa-Real, ’Torre 'de Moncorvo, Ménforte, Frehto de Efpadacinta, and Vil- la-Flcr. The greateft Part of .this Province confifts o f donary Eftates ;fó that it abounds with Abbies, Redtories, and Vicarages of particular Patrons, efpecially of the moft ferene Houfe of Éraganga, of the Marquifles of Villa-Real, of the Manpiifies o f Lavora, of the Archbiihpp of Braga, of the Monks of S. Bernardo and S. Bento, and of many others. In this Province are likewife Leverai Coramendas of. military Orders, though moftly of that of Cbri/l. It is divided into four Jurifdiitions ; of which two' are governed by Correge- dores, viz. Torre de Moncorvo and Miranda ; .and the other two, Braganfa and Villa-Real, by Òtpuidofes, as. they appertain to Donatarios. , 1

Corrà gami da Torré de Moncùrvo. This JurifdÍ£Üon is the great eft o f all the Province, and yet it formerly had a more extenfive Territory. , Itis compofed of twenty fii Towns; of which ten .1 oniy belohg td the King, and, the others .to different People; viz. to the moft Le- ; '.rehe Houfe o f Bragangapzsis Nuzclhs-, to thè iToùìc o f Villa-Real (now o f In­ fa n t adò), as oxz AbreirO, Frexiel, . and Latnas de Orelhaon ; to the Marquiltcs of Thvor.a -r to the Quedes: de Mirandi, ' Lords of the Town of Murca ; and to the Sampaycs, Lords of Villa-Flor. -\r ."■■ ■ ‘ ? Towns.,' : ! . / V.; y . Abreiro, Agua Reves, Alfàndega da F i,, Ariciàèris,. Cajìro-Vicento,. Chacìm, Corti- gol, \Frfchas, Freixìel, .Freixo de Ejpadacinta, 'La?nas de Orclhaón, ■ Linbares, Mon- ■.'corvo fMìfandella, Monforte de Rio-Livre, ,Moz, Murga.de Pannoya, dShizelhs, Piti'* ' boVelO, 68 DISSE R ï A T ^ G ;N i| ia,N: ' :

hovelo, Sampayo, Sezulfe, Forre de Lonachama, Valdafnes, Villas-Boas,,"Villa-Flor, and Villùrinho da Caftanheifa. Torre de Moncorvo. This Town isiltoated in; a fpatioüs Vàie, at the Foot of M ount Rnborcdo, between the; two River^X^tiJ aydfSabory of which the firil runs about t\V6 Leagues from it, and the other little more than a quarter Paît as far ditiant, It is. faid: tò have been founded.from the Ruins of the ancient Tow n of Santa Cruz\ which" was peopledby.Qrder o f Ferendo-.i^fCrOat, King oiCajiile and Leon, in the Y e a n 040, at a League DiHance from the Spot where Moncomio now Hands.; Others, attribute .its Foundation toAffbnfoll. King of Por­ tugal Amro 1216; which probably is not to be underftood as of a Foundation tòtàllyhewy but of a Change -tliat. the Town' then had,1 in“ point of . Situation, Which .the.Inhabitants found mòre' commodious, ■ 4 ; -■ ^ 0F.; ; ' -- iv T h e Town;is,furrounded.by.an old Wall,, with, fome circular Bulwarks,, and., hath three Oates : ft has a fcpiare=Caille, built with Maibnry,. accompanied by ' fourCurtains, two, Baftionsf and two Towers. . In the Town and Suburbs are reckoned 460’'Families, Who. have;for their. Pariih;Church, Nq/fd Senbora.da A f- jumpçàon j . a Temple worthy ofrRegafd,, :as-'well for thé .Beauty of its Architect - tare,. as for the Richnefs of., its Materials ; 'and; to. Whiejt.'the; ancient P ariih of Santiago was transferred, whofc extra+mufaly Church itili,remains, ; being a Com* menda,.. and Reitory of the Order of Cbrijl ; T h e other public Edifices arò, a Horde of Mercy,;an Hofpitalp.ahd a Convent of Capuchins, ;of,the.Province o f S. Antonio, built at alitile T>¡Rànce to thedbuthward:oF the.Town, iri the Year 1569. -Ï . \ F r i ^ ■ This Town anciently enjoyed'veiy great Privileges, 'the Monarchs o f Portu­ gal preferving to ft the fame as Santa Cras poiTelied; .and K in g John I.- added to it a Grant of the new Settlement of Vosscou,. as a Border,, .although it is now fe- , parateti from it, with the- Title tìfa Tornir: Here-is-a gretiù Soap Fabric,‘which, fupplies the Province of .Mtnbo;' %nd likewife. the Thmati: Manufacturer k have , here a Warehoufe, whofe Materials grow in "the Fields of Velhafîça, with no fmaU'Utility. to the Kingdom; T h e Head Alcaide (or Lieutenant) of the Caille of Moncorao, defeends by Right of Inheritance to the i W f e of the Sampayos, L ordsof Villd+Flor ; and theArtns of the Town are a .Calile/ with, a Tower, and two Craws on'the Sides, ;whofe‘Griginalis npttmly;3kmbwni uTh its Territory. Hands the A b b y o f Urros, a royal Patronage- .1 and tbofe.qf Ferodo and-Mapores, in the Prefentatibn of the primatial Mitre of Pregai [ of- which’ the HrHhatb about 180 Families, Itis.'.the Head of a Correiçaon, antiRefidence of zCorregc- dor, Preveder, and Juiz de Fora. - .

Correiçaon de Miranda,. . ■ \ • Is compofed o f one City arid twelve Towns, as follows, City. - Miranda. Towns. Adgozo, Annbofo, Bemp'ojla, .Frie ira, Môgadourù, Penas de Roy ai : OuPenas Pot as? Pebordüyos, SaonSeriz, Valdè Pajfç, VillarSeco ch Vo mb a,'. Vinûojb,- and Vînbaes.

Miratila is featedin the; eaRerhmoR Part of the'Province, In Trough anti mountainous Situation ; and is a. Frontier to the Kingdom of Leon, Handing about a Mulket-fhot from, the River I)euro, which, after-about 3óp geptnetricdl Paces fall to-the fouthward, takes in thé River Frenfo, The City is extended in a long Form from North to-South, .with' a walled Suburb,: very ingh and ftrong, and a Barhacan of Stone and Mortar, àsis alfo theigfeateH Part of the Walls ; It hath an ancient Caille, aim oH. fquare,. in which there were five very large Tow ers; SPAIN A N D PORTUGAL. 6 $ Towers ; but the four corner ones were levelled, in order to reduce it to a fort of a Platform for the Reception of fomo Artillery ; and this is encompaiïed by its Barbacan, as well oh the South as North : There hath aifo been added to the faid fortifications, a Fort between the North and Ealf, contiguous to the City, which is defenfible by Nature, and of great Importance to the Province’s Security. Its Foundation is attributed toKiugAfonjo-Henrip/es, Anno 1136, then only Infante., King Dennit granted it many Privileges, on the 7th of September, 1297, preceded by his Commencement to repair the Walls and Caille from the Year 1294; It is commonly called Miranda doDouro, by reafon o f its Vicinity to tliat River, and the better t;o diftinguifh it froth Miranda do Corvo, a Town, in tine D til net'of Coimbra,nt\lh theTitle o f an Earldom, that belongs to,the Mar quilles oiArroncbes. There are reckoned in thé City 250 Families;, among whom are fome very noble Perfonageg. Its principal Edifices are, the Cathedra,! Church to the only Parifh here, built by Order of Joint- III, (as I fliall afterwards explain) ; a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and a Seminary, which is a modern Work. Miranda, having only the Privilege o f a Town, became at once an epifcopal City, in the Year 1545, and in the Reign of die abovemcntioiied Prince John III. For this Purpofe were difmembered, from the Archbifhop of Braga, the Lands which now compofe the ecdefiaiUcal Diftridt of M ir and à -, and were governed by a Vicar of die Mitre, who relided in the City, of Braganca : This Divifion was made in the Time of Archbifhop Don Mancel de Sc ¡/fa, the ninety ninth Prelate hhli-. Rcdt- of that Church, and Succelfor to the Cardinal Infante Don Durate, in confe- quence of a Bull from PopeEW/ III, expedited on the 22d of May$ 1545. There were alio applied to the new Cathedral, the Rents of the Parifh of Santa M an a, at that Time a very conüderable Commenda of the Order of Chrijl, and thofe of the Monailery of S. Salvador de Cajlro, or Cajlro de Avdanas, Monks of the Order o f S.Bonnet, a litde Diftance from Bragança, founded in the Year 667, and was extinguiihed on the faid Occaiion. Bmtd. luit. The Bifhopric of Miranda is divided into five Vicarages or Archpricftfhips ; «p.’ib which are, hire, Bragança, Monforie, Mirandella, and Lamp a cas ; comprehended in a Diffridt of twenty two Leagues from Laid to Weil, and twelve from North to South ; a little more o^' lefs, for thefe Diftances are not intirely to he relied on: And in that Extent are reckoned 324 Populations, divided into 314 Pa- rifhes. The Dignitaries of the Chapter are a Dean, Chanter, Schoolmafter, Head Treafurer, Archdeacon of the See, Archdeacon of Miranda, &c.- In regard to the modem Hiitory of tliis Place,. I fhal] only fay, that, on the 8 th o f July, 1710, it was taken by a Detachment of the Marquis of Bay, under a Capitulation with the Sergeant-major of the Place, when the Garrifon re-, mained Prifoners of War: But it was'reftored on the 15 th of April, in the fol­ lowing Year, to the Marfhal de Camp, Don Joaon Mancel deNaronba (now fixth Earl oî Atalaya), after a Siege of a few Days ; and the Garriibn, coniifting of y 049 Men, were in their Turn made Prifoners o f War1; The Lieutenancy of tills Place is hereditary to the Marquiifes of Favor a-, and shears for Arms, aCaftle with three Towers, and a new Moon over the middle- moft of them, .withIts Homs tufned downwards.. . ;■; Miranda (like ! the Tower of Moncorvo) is the Head, of a Corrêiçam, and the Seat o f a Corregedoi‘y Prove dor._ da: Cam arc a, and1 Ju iz de Ford, The. parti cedar * CovernmCnt of the City depends on three Vereàdores, a Notary of the Chamber, a Procurator of the Council, and other Miniilers. , /

. Ouvtdoria de Braganca. This Ouvidoffhip. confifts'pf. pile City and ten Towns.; which belong to the moil ferene H ouibof Braganca,: in the Provider id of Miranda\

V ol, II. * T City. fo D I S S È RT AT I 0 N S on- City. ■ -I : Bragama. ... 1 Towns. Chaves, Limed fa , Gufcy, Monte-Alegre, Out eira, Rebordams, Ruyvaens, Raids Nó- gudra, Val de Prados, and Villa-Franca.

Brdgatya is feated in a delightful fpacious Plain, on thè Margin of the little River Fervenza, which feparates it from the Mountain o f d, Bartholomew5 about a League and a half from the Borders o f Galicia, and four from Sannabria: It is ft retched out in an oblong Figure, from South-eaft to North-eaft, for the Space of 400 Braces or Fathoms, almoit continually at the Foot .of-.the afore- faid Mountain which Hands clofe to the Place. It is. divided into Tow n and City; of which the firftis walled with fixteen Towers, and bath within a good Caftle, fumiOieci with feveral Towers o f Mafonry and two Redents ; it Is at the fame time furrounded by a falfe Bray, in whofe Front Hand tied together, on the City Side, five fmall Bulwarks without a Fofs, as they are built on the live Rock : In the Mountain called the Carraj'cal, immediate to the Body of the City, and equal in Height to the Plain of the Town, is fttuated the. Fort of 5 . John of God, winch is a long Square, bnt of little Defence. This City paiTes for one o f the molt ancient Settlements, In. the Kingdom ; as its Founder is commonly thought to be Brigus, the fo tilth King of Spain, add-, ing, that from him it was denominated ; Others affirm that the Name o f Julio - briga was given it by the Emperor Augufus,, in Memory of his Predcceflbr, Ju ­ lius Cefar. It is certain that, during the Reign of Titus, Braganya was become a noble Settlement, as appears evidently from a Gipfus, which is yet preferved in the Church of Nogut ir a, at half a League Diftance from the Town of Chaves. In the Time of the Goths, and Kings of Leon, it was governed by the principal Nobility, who had fometimes the Title of Earls : In Procefs of Time, the Lord- Blip of Braganya palled to the Monaftery of S. Salvador de Cafro de Ave ¿anas, who Ber.cd. Luiit. were Benedinne Monks, founded in the Year 667, and were extinguifhed in that tom.i. tnt.o, cap. 16. of 1545, with the Intent to apply their Rents to die new Cathedral of the City of Miranda, as hath already been related. In this Poiition the Laid Monks were, at the Jun¿ture of the Foundation, or Separation of die Kingdom of Portugal, and were preferved therein until Anno 1187: In which Year they exchanged the Lordfliip of Brag any a with King Sane bo I, for the Town o f S. Jtdiam, and die Church of S. Mamede ; and in the W riting made for this Baiter, Braganyd hath, the Title given it of a City: In the fame Year, (and fecond of his Reign) the laft mentioned Prince gave it its Charter, being then vvidi the Court at Guimaraens. Henceforward this City remained incorporated in die Crown, until K ing Fer­ nando endowed Donna Joanna Tellcs, Ids Sifter-in-Law, with it, on her Marriage with Joaon Affonfo Pimentel ; who foon loft it, and other Lands, for taking Part againft the Mailer of A viz: This Lordfliip afterwards pafl’ed to Don Fernando, illegitimate Son to the Infante Don Joaon, and Grandfon to King Peter I ; but it quickly became again Vacant by the Deadi of. Ids Son Don Durate, who died;, without Succedi on. In fine, whilft the Infante Don Pepro governed die King- dom, during the Minority of his Nephew, King AJfanfo'V,; it was given, with the Title of a Dukedom, to Senhcr D-Afonfo, FAìFràxYoÌBarceUos, and Branchi of the moll ferene Houfe o f Braganya, Anno. 1442. - In this manner Brag anca is the moft ancient Dukedom in -all Spain f which remained feparately for the Space of 198 Years, Until the Acclamation o f King John IV : In which were reckoned eight Dukesih this royal Houfe, viz. Don A f - , fonfo, Son to King John L of Portugal, married to the Lady JhoYm^Beatriz, Daugh­ ter of the great Confiable, Don Nuno A1 -. Pereira ; DogFerfiaiido I, Don Fer­ nando IT, Don Jay me, Don Theodofw I, Don Joaoni, D on Tbeodofo II, and Don. Joaon SP AI N AND P O R TU G A L. 71 Joaon II. W hen it is faid that Bragança is the moR ancient Dukedom in Spain, it muR be underRood of the Titles which now iubfiR; as I am not ignorant that King John I. made the Infante Don Pedro* Duke of Coimbra, and the Infante Don Henri que, Duke of Vi jin , being in F aviva, after his Return from Ceuta- This City contains from 5 to 600 Families ; divided into two Pari flies, that.of Santa Maria, and S. Joaon Bautifla, both in the Prefentation of the Biihopsof Miranda: The other public Buildings coniiil of uHoufe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and four Convents, viz. o f S. Francijco da Obfervancia, which many pretend was. founded by the Saint himfelf 3 that of Nojj'a Senhora-da Aflumpçaon, occupied by Nuns of Santa Clara % the College, of Jejuits, which, tile y took P.olieflion in the Year ,1.561, and teach Humanity and moral Theology - and the M onaflery.of Santa 'EfcolaJHca, Nuns of 5 . Bento, whole Foundation was in 1590, In this'City are feveral Fabrics of Velvets, Damalks, Handkerchiefs, Gro- grams, and other Silk Commodities, eReemed o f a,good Quality in this Coun­ try. Its Territory comprehends 153 Towns and Villages, fome of which are in­ habited by r20 to 170 Families. Its Arms are a Tower or Caille, in a Field, Argent. It is the Head of an Ouvidoria, and the Refidence of an Ouvidor and Ju iz de Forai the faid Ouvidor’s jurifdi£tion extending over all the Lands in the Pro­ vince, appertaining to the royal Houle of Bragança. The particular Govern­ ment of the City is in the Hands of three Vere adores, a Procurador, a Treafurer of the Chamber, and other Minifters,

Chaves. This Town is iituated on the Brink of the River Fa-mega, three Leagues from Monte-Rey in Galicia (to the northward), and five from Monte- Alegre. It is a Roman Foundation \ and attributed by many Authors to the Em­ peror Flavins Vefpaflan, who begun to reign Anno 69 3 from whom it was called (as is faid) Aquas Flavin:, oompolcd o f the Rath's Name (Rill near the Tow n), and one o f the laid Emperor’s : Others, with a more tedious Etymology, will have its Denomination to come Rom the Colour of its Waters, which incline to. a Yellow, called by the Latins, flavins1 wbilft feveral infill on its Foundations being prior- to the -Empire o f Vefpaflan, and therefore that it owes him no other Obligation than that of having repaired or augmented it. It appears to have ■ been a very- populous City, and lb large, that it reached to. the Place called On- terio Seco, extending -itfelf on the Banks of the abovçmentioned River upwards : That it had very fumptuous Edifices, is clearly fcen frpin the Difcoveries made, in fixt-y or feventy Years paft, in various Ruins, .of carved Stones, Pieces of Co­ lumns, Pedeftals, Capitals and Comifhps, befides many and noble Conduits and Tanhs, which ferved for the Baths. . It was a Roman prejiflum, and garrifoned by the* feventh Legion in Vefpaflan § ; Reign. In the Year 463, it differed a great Calamity from the Contention of the two Parties of the Suevi ; ’one of whom, King Frumarius, not only deRroyefl this Town, but did great Damages in every Part of its DiRri&i ft was. rained twice during the Moors Dominion in Spain, and f eftored the. firR Tim e, by King; Affqnfo- tbe^ Cat Mic, Anno 742 being afterwards incfê'afed and walled by Aflpnjb- the Great; King of Leon, .in the Year.904: It was (according to.fome. Memo­ rials) recovered thd fécond Time, in the Reign o f slffonfp-Fienriqiur ; andi fi­ nally, Ajponfo IV. .gave it its .Privileges, which were afterwards renewed .-by King Mancel. .g . - ■ ■ The Town, fepa rated from its two Suburbs o f Mdgdalena: and the Couraças, is inclofed witha Walfi altered to the modern Faihion, in which are.three Bulwarks and two half Bulwarks ; two of the former,- and one of the latter, which are on the Side of the River, are tied to „the old Wall : At-tbe. End of .the Rampârfs, tli at run north from the half BaRions, is the Fort of Npjfa Senbora do Rafario, in ' Form DI SS E RT AT IONS on

Form of a Citadel* with four Bulwarks > and within Hands a Convent o f Capu- chitis, from whence it is probable the Fort receives the Name of S. Franjfco, that fonie give it: There hath been added two Ravelins for its Defence, and to cover it. In the Suburb o f Magdalena, on the other Side of the River to the Fail, is a Hom-work that covers it, whole Communication is by a Bridge: On'the North- eaft, at about two Muiket-fhot from the Place, Hands, the Fort of S. Neat el, with four Bulwarks, fcated on the Ridge of a Mountain. The abovementioned Bridge is a very fine one, having fifteen Arches, though only twelve of them are now ferviceable, the other four being rendered ufelefs by Houfes built on them j its Length is ninety two geometrical paces arid three Palms, and its Breadth three geometrical Paces and four Palms; including thè Thicknefs of the Parapet : It is a Work of the Emperor Trajan, . as is. feen by a Pillar placed on it to the North, with the following Infcription : IMP. CAES. NERVAE. '* TRAIANO. A'VG.-.GER. ^ DACICO. PONT. MAX.. TRIB. POT. COS. V .P.P. AQViFLAVIENSES. PONTEM. LAPIDE™. DE. 5VO, F.C. udai apiuiTf. The fubfequent Infcription is likewife another Monument of Antiquity that &Forti pl’itj! was found at Chaves, reciting the Names of the ten Cities in the Province :

c i v it a t e s . d e c e m . aqviflavienses . a o b r ig e n s . BIBa LL COELERIN1. ERVAES1L. INTERAMICr. LlMiCI, AEBISOC. QyARQVERN. TAMACANI. And from its being faid, tliat thefe were brought there from another Part, fome infer, that it was ordered to be made, or begun by the Emperor Vejpafidn -, and to this Purpofe all the neighbouring Inhabitants concurred, who are named in the faid Infcription. This Place contains 400 Families: And its principal Edifices are, a collegiate Church of Nojfa Se?ihora da AJfump^aon, which ferves all.the T ow n for a Panili* a Houfe of Mercy, two Hofpitals, and two Convents: That of S. Franaifco, Ca­ puchins da Ftedade, at li rii appertaining to the Templars, and afterwards to the Conventual Francifcam ; though the Situation of it now is different from what it was in Time pail, having been new founded in the Year 1637, the Bones o f Affonfo, firil Duke of Bragan^a, tranllated there : Female Reclufes, of the fame Order with thofe of the Convent da Concetgaon, on the Spot called da Luz, near Ltjbon, which was begun by tire Retirement of fome .noble Damfels, Anno 1685, and was filled in 1691 * in the Year 1716, when the fiift Reclufes were al- moit extindl, and a Brief was obtained from Pope Clement XI, the firil Profeffion was made in it on the 18 th of February. The Lordihip of this Tow n runs united to the moil ferene Houfe o f Braganca, winch provides and appoints the jfuiz de Fora, and other Officers for its-fJovem- ment. In , refpeet to the écclèfiailical JurìfdÌ£tÌon,‘ -it. is in the Limits* of ' the Mitre of Braga, whofe Archbiihops name a Vi car-general** to refide in the laid Town: It has for Arms, in an Efcutcheon, the royal Arm she tween tvyo golden' Keys (in an azure Field), one on each Side, all fcated-on a Bridge, under, which runs a River. ' . . w 1 . [: . ' f

Ouvidoria de Villa-Real. . . . This Ouvidorflnp confifts of eight Towns and an Honour, having Villa-Real for its Head, the Seat of an Ouvldor, though only -a yuiz de Fora reddest here. Towns. S PAI N AND P O R T U GAI-. Towns. A h 'tiro, Almeida> Cartellai, Freixul, Lamas de Orelhaon, Ran ha dos, Villa-Real, and Vimiofo ; Sobrofa being alfo an Honour at the fame time. Note, The Towns of Almeida and Ranh ados- are fituated in the Province of Beira, and in the'Diibridi of Pinhel, as will be feen in its proper Place; and thole o f Abreiro, Freixiel, and Lamai de Orelhaon, are comprehended in the Pro­ vince óf Traz os Montes,, and appertain t oth e Fro v e dori a of Moncorvo, where Men­ tion is made of them: .

.Villa-Real is .feated in the wefternmoil Point o f Traz os Monies, near four Leagues to the North-eaft of the City of Lamego ; and finit in between two R i­ vers, of which, that called Congo, after taking in the other, rims foiitherly till it lofes itfelf in the Douro, It is à Foundation o f King Dennis, who 'ordered its Peopling, Arno 1289, and made it tlae Ifead. of all thé Land of Pa noyas : The fame Prince gave,if twp Charters, the fifii in the abbycmcntioiied WaLv and the fécond timeè Years afterwai'ds, o‘n the 24th of February, 1292 ; arid in bath' he grants, among other .Privileges, Û12F Y\\S Alcaide mol fhall have no Share in thè Government of the Town, as was thè Ptaétice in feveral Parts, ând frequently found to be oppreffive to the People:'. Tins Settlement was ifttended to be made by Affonfo III. (King Dennis’s Father) lit the Year 1272 ; but not having been effedted then, the Son carried the Patent’ s' Deft gri into Execution. This is the befl and Iargeil Place in. the Province, whofe greriteft Prirt is fp'réad without the Walls, inlomuch that Vetiy few Houles remain iriclofed, and thefë conititute what is called the old Town. It contains, about iyoo Families (among which are fo’me very principal ones) ; divided, into two Pàrifiles, Si. Dennis arid Si. Peter’s, whofe Vicars are prefented by the JerorHïtè Generai, as Prior of thé Monaitery of Belem : Here is a Houfe o f Mercy, an Hofpital, and three Convents, viz. o f Dominican Friars, founded in 1524; of Antonine Capuchins, founded in 1573 ; and Nuns òf thé Order of Santa Clara: Here are Hkewife an Ottvidmj and J u iz de Fora ; and herein alfo enters the Provedor o f Lamegb. In regard to the eccleii- riftieal Jurifdidtiori,' it depends on a Vicar-general, appointed by the Archbifhops o f Braga. The Seigniory of Villa-Real was ft Bril given to the Que eri Santa I f abel, by KmgDeTntfJî but in the Year 1322, it did'not rerüaîn in the fame Pofition, as the fâid Monarch difpofed of it in Favour of his.Daughter-in-Law, the Infanta Domi a Britts : In the Reign of Affonfo IV, the fqid Princefs (then Queen) ftill continued to enjoy the Manor ; and,1 lri that òf King Vernando, Queen Leonor had it. It was ere&ed. into an Earldom, by King Affonfo V, in Favour of Don Pedro de Menezes, the famous Governor of Ceuta, and thén the fecorfd Earl o f Vianna ; his Daughter and Heirefs, Donna Brites de Menezes, marrying With' Don Fernando de Noronha, Son to the Earl Don Affonfo de Gijon, and Grândfon tri Vi\\ïg Ferdinand o f Portugal, and Henrtque II. of Caf He: And the other Don PedrodeMenezes,wh!oni K in g John II. created the firil Marquis of Villa-Real. ■- Some Years after it Was raifed to a Dukedom, by King Philip III* o f Caftile, ànd IL o f Portugal, in Favour o f Don Mancel de Menezes, the fifth Marquis of it : His Grandibn, Don Miguel de Menezes, eighth Marqüis óf Villa-Real,- and Duke de Catmnha,)xM the laft Lord tif this Houfe; the which beingconfifriated by.hia and his Father’s Death, bòth executed on the 29th of May, 1641, King John IV. gaverit to.-his 'Son; the In­ fante Don P-edro, and united k to the Houfe of a . ,

Voi, II, ' * Ü ' C H A P. ?4 D I S S E R T A t i o n s on

CHAP. X.

A Defeription o f the Province o f Beira.

'T M IIS Province is the largeft in the Kingdom, and commonly the third in ^ Order with the Geographers. On. the North it joins with the Provinces o f Minbo and P>'aa os Montes y to the South with Portuguefe Efiremadura, and Part o f Aient y o ; to the Bait with the Kingdom of Lean-, and SfdniJhEJÏremadura-, and to the Weft it is terminated by the Ocean. The Portuguefe Geographers vary greatly in what they fay of the Extent of this Province; fome giving it two hun­ dred Leagues Circuit, who feem to err the leaft, as thirty three to thirty fix Leagues are commonly aftigned for its Length, .and pretty near the iarne for its Breadth ; reckoning from Villa-Nova do Porto to Airantes in Efiremadura, and from Buracos to 7Wn?m, where it is feparated from Leon. The Name of Beira refpefts the ancient Signification of this Word, which was -die fame as a Margin or Border ; and it very well fuits with this. Province, which is almoft all fuf- rounded with Margins of Rivers, or Strands of the Sea, viz. of the River Douro to the North, with Part of the fouroetis and Elgas to thè E'aft, with the ftejo to the South, and the Sea, to the Weft. It is divided into high and low Beira-, the firft Denomination being given to that Part of the Province which lies to the. North and the-Sea-coaft; and low, to that which joins to the B fan if and Portuguefe Efremadurds, in which is the Di- vifion o f Pennamacor. In the Year 1296, King Demits added to this Province the Diibridi! of Riba de Coa, poffefled till . then, by the Kings o f Ca/itle. and. Leon, being a narrow Slip o f Land, o f fifteen Leagues long,' and four wide,, ftretch- ing from North to South, between the River Coa on the Portuguefe Side, and the Borders of Leon : In this finali Piece-of Territory Almeida is feated, and feveral other fortified Towns, as Alfayates, Caflel-Meihor, Pillar-Mayor,. ‘Sabagal, Caf- tello-Rodrigo, 6tc. , Beira is very fertile in Wheat; Rye, Millet, Cattle, Game, Fiih, and Fruits ; efpecially thofe of the Winter, to which the Coolneis of the Clime greatly con­ tributes : In fome Parts it aifo produces good W ine and Oil, which, are, either con fumed at home, or embarked for abroad. -HereftsYeen the famous Moun­ tain o f E f relia, which, th eRomans knew under the Name of Monte. LErminio, and is a Branch o f the Pyrenees. It inclofes four epifcopal Cities* which are, Coimbra,Vifm, Lanugo, mÀGuarda-, it had allò anciently the Biihopric of' Idanha, out, of which that of Guarda, and Portalegre were formed.. It has 234,/FoWns, fifty five Conoelhos,. and fome, Coutûs -, among the Towns the chief are, Avoir0-,. CaflellQ-BranoOy:Aimeifa.gPtnnamacon, Monjanto, Petra, Francofo, and others. ' . . vi1 ; ' This Province is compofed of eight Jnrifdiitions*.: vizkl fix; Correfones, which are thofe of Coimbra, Vifey, Lanugo, Guarda,* Pmbd^^àLeflelAJBnatiwg and; of. two Ouvidorias, that o f Montemiro Velboi (which i$ the; Houle, Of Aveira)', and that o f Feira, at prefent united to the Hoüfe of Infantado. ... Formerly there was alfo in the Provìnce th e Correi^aon of Aveiro- but the'faid Town coming under the Dominion of the Donat orto, the Title o f this Correiçaon was fuppreffed, and an Quvidoria was erected for the Lands which'remained be­ longing SPAIN A n d PORTUGAL. longing to the Duke-Majlet the others, not comprehended in the abOVemem tioned Grant, Were annexed to the Correigaon of Coimbra: And in the fame man­ ner theyalfo depended on the Procéder of this Diflridt, inafmuch as the Prove- daria o f Ejgueira was not inftituted, as will be mentioned in ltd proper Place. . Notwithstanding this Separation made in the Reign of King Manoel, as may be cqlle&ed from the Grant given by that Prince to the faid Duke, on the 27th of May, 1500, yet Durate Nunes o f Leon,, in his Défcriprion oF Portugal, Which-he finiilted in 1599j makes Aveiro for one of the Correigoens of Bhrds

Correigaon de Coimbra. ■ In fonte Memorials there is attributed to tins Correigaon, ohe.City and the following Tòwns, without mentioning thofe-winch were afterwards added by thè Alteration made in the Diibridi of Aveiro: But it ought to be remarked, that many of thefe Towns belong to particular Gentlemen j who have in fdrne o f them' thEii.Ouvidores, as will be lubfequently remarked. C ity.1 ... Coimbra. Towns* ’Alvay azere, Angaria, Angiaon, Arganil, Avoo, Boiaon, Bliurcos, Canianhede, Cat* Valho, Celeviza, Cernache, Ejgueira, Fadeira, Fajaon, Goes, Mira, Miranda do Cor­ vo, Pena-Cova, Pereira, Podentes, Pombaiinho, Pombeiro, Rabagdl, Be dandos, Santa Chrijììna, Fentugal Vacarìga, Villa-Nova de An ¡¡os, Villa-Nova deMongarros. The Biihops of Coimbra are Lords and Earls of Arganti, where they have an Ouvidor, who enters into Correigaon in the other Lands of which he is Donata­ rio ; as, Avoo, Coja, Santd Comba da Daoh, Vacarla, &c. The Dukes of Cadavàl are Lords and Earls of Fen tuga l, where they have an Ouvidor j who, like him of Coimbra, enters into Correigaon in all the Lands which belong to him in this Province, viz. Ahayazere, Buarcos, Pena-Cova, Povoa de Santa ChrìJHn, Rabagal, Villa-Nova de Ancos, &c. Befides thefe Donatories, who poflHs the greateft Part of thè Lands, there are the Dukes' of Lafoens, who are Lords and Earls o f Miranda do Corvo ; the Mar- quiffes de Cafcaes, Lords of the Town of Angara ; the Marquiiles of Mari aha, Lords o f Cantanbede, and other Lands; and the Earls of Ericeifa, who afe Lords o f Anctacn : The other Lands of this Correigaon, which were annexed to the an­ cient Diibridi of Aveiro, are noted in the Description of Ejgueira, the Seat of the new Provedoria of tills Province.

Citimbra, This City is feated in that Point of the Province of Beira, that lies between the Ocean and Ejlremadura, on the Banks of the River Monde go, Which, at .feven Leagues Diilance, falls into the Sea by Buarcos. Its ftrft Settlement was iiLColimbria, or Omimbriga, where the Condexa a Velha now Hands, as many Authors affert, -and about three. hundred Years before our Redemption: This ancient Place being conquered by the Romans, remained fubjedl to their Empire, till the Invafion of the Suevi, Vandals and Alains^, who, entering Spain, Aniio Monaidi.tt. 412; becameMailers of a great Part of its Provinces, which in a fmall Time they. ' ‘ om' ’ ’ divided into feveral Kingdoms. The Foundation, of the new Coimbra is attributed to Ataces.King of the Alains', who declaring War againil Hermenericus,King of the Suevi, in whpfe Territories the ancient Colimbria ltood, and piqued at the great Refinance this City made* inftead of genefoufly efteeming the Bravery of its Defendants, he ordered it to be deilroyed : However, though be Cdrredted; he had nODefign to lole fuch Snbjedts.as the Right of Conqueif had: given him; and therefore, after wreak­ ing his Refentnient on the Place, he procured the Inhabitants frefli Aecontr modations, o n f} 6 DISSERTATIONS modations, by building that City for, them which now bears the'Name of Coimbra• ‘ - '-■■■ i By the Moors Invaiion of Spain, this City alfo fell, under their Dominion, until it \vas restored by Affbnfo the Great, King o f Leonj who began, to-, reign-in the Year. 862,: And die fame Prince delivered it . afterwards from a clofe. Siege, in which it run- a great R'llk of being taken j as it afterwards.: was by. Mahomet, AJmanyor, a little after the Year 982* And thenceforward, it .remained .under the Government of the Moors, .as .Ring Fernando, the. Great could notfieliver It from that Subjection in July, 1064, diough he attempted it by a Siege of fix Bcwa. Lufit Months. , iom. 1* Coimbra palling under the Government of the, Earl Don Henrique, . jointly yritb. all the reft of: Portugal, tlie Moors again in veiled it,. Anno 1107; but, after lying Monarch. Lu- before it twenty Days, they were obliged to. retire: The fable |happened; to them ^ tom. j. 'm m y } whilft fifteen Pabeja governed in her Son s (Dor, AjbnfoAEnriques) M i­ nority. In the Reign of King Pdennis, and Continuance-o£ .the Difumon beY tween him and his Son the Infante Don Ajfonjb, this latter made himielf Maf- ter of Coimbra, on the laft Day of the Year 1321; but the King beiieging it a few Months after, they came to an Agreement, by Mediation of the Queen Santa Ifabel, when the LordiHp of this City, Montemor 0, Felho, and other Lands, re­ mained to the Prince Its ancient Walls (in which are feveral Towers) are ftiil Handing. It hath- , fix Gates j that of da Portagem, daEjlrelfa, dbCajlelk, do Collegia novo dos.Cohegos. Regrantes, de Santa Sofia, and de Almedina; It hath likewife a fine Bridge over the Mondego and four Squares, viz. da Unherjdade, da Feira, da Praca, and de Sanfaon. , • - It is an epifcopal City, and Suffragan .to the Arclifciihops of Braga:. And though the Year of its Erection docs not quite clearly, appear, yet it is certain that it was raifed to this Dignity before the Entrance of-the Suevt, as.is feen in the famous Divifion of the Metropolitans of Spain, made during the Empire of Conjlantim the Great, and referred to by Rajes,-d. M ar,- and Chronicler to the K ing of Cordova-, the, fame is likewife proved from ,the Eliberifqn Council, con* vened in the Year 338; and from the firft Council of,Braga,. begun in the fifth Century: Though the Antiquary, Gafpar Efia^o, . hath fome Objections agah)ft the Hiftory of this latter Aflembly 5 in it a Biiliop. of Coimbra is,mentioned,'un­ der the Name of Elipandus j and in fome Memorials, - feyeraLother Prelates are taken Notice of. The Catalogue of the Bifhops of this Cathedral hath continued with all Cer­ tainty from the latter End of the eleventh Century to the prefent Time, that is, a little after its Reftoration from the Moors by-King Fernando the Great; and the n>ion M i- guel Fires da Sylva, the Lofdihip, of the TOwn of Fafam, and:created him Earl o f Alvarez, on Condition of his difmiifing thefecular J.urifdiftion which he had Liv.s. tsp.16, in. ArganlL . The SPAIN AND PORTUG A L, ff . :- The Chapter of Coimbra conflits of eight Dignities ; twenty five Caitbns,. fi.-c half Canons* and three cTereenariosy for which they have thirty'three Prebends: .The Dignitaries are, a Dean, Chanter, Schoolmaiter, : chief Treaiurer, and the ' ahovementioned four Archdeacons of Coimbra, Fouga, Cea, and Penella. . ‘ Other Prerogatives of this City are, that herein, the Kings o f Portugal kept their Court in their fécond Situation (the firfl: having been in Gmmarams) ; it was the Birth-place of lèverai of thé Moharchs of this;Kingdom, and hath alfo afforded Sepulchres.to fome o f them; and befides, feveral Cc/Vci have oecafion* ' ally been held here. It hath been, twice ra'ffed to a Dukedom,; the firfl: Time in Favour o f the, Infante D on Pedro, Son to, King John I ; and the fécond for Don Jorge, commonly called the Duke-Majler, Soli to King -John II;who was a ' Branch of the great Koufe of Aveiro, Its Charter, is luppoled to have been given ■ it by the Earl Don Henrique ; which, till then; was governed' by that it had from AffbnfoYl. King 'otCaJïile and .Leon, o f which there are: Memorials in the Archives of the.laid See., 1 Ir is. likewise a'Glory to Coimbra^ that it is the Seat of a fine UniVerfity; and ..Whofe.Beginning was ' from K ing Dennis in Lijbon, Anno 1291, as: appears in : the Collédtion of its Statutes, but feventeen Years after he himfelf removed it to where, it' now is : His Son Affonfo IV, or King Fernando, as. .others will have Mm«I Se-' ' it; removed it again to Lijbon ■> where it remained till the Reign, of King'^¿7; III, who once more reftored itto Coimbra, hi April, 1537. ^°^h-Lai ■ - The Chairs which are in this Univeriity, and the Faculties taught in it, are ' as follows, viz. feven Chairs, fmall apd great, of Theology ; feven of Canons ; ten o f ffàvvs, or civil: Right ; fevén of Medicine, including the two of Anatomy and Surgery; one of Mathematics, and another o f Mufic: Befides tliefe .Chairs and Faculties, here are four Courfes of Phllofophy; a Chair for Hebrew, ano­ ther for Greeks and feveral for Latin ; which; are reputed as Part of the Univers fity’s Body, although they are in the j fèfuits College.. . . All this great Body is governed by'a Reélor; who, according to the Statutes, muft be aPerfon of the firfl: Quality, andmoit illuitrious in Learning and good Behaviour, as the above Charge is reputed one of the moil confiderable in thé Kingdom, and from which any one is rarely difcharged unprovided of a Mitre : Oftentimes a Reformer Is .appointed in the Univeriity, who hath yet more Au­ thority than the'Reftor ; and at other Times it hath only a Governor, whofe Title is in lefs Eflimation than either of the preceding. , Next follows the Office of Chancellor, annexed to the Prior of Santa Cruz of Coimbra, by a fpecial Grant of King John III, and confirmed by a pontifical Byfil : The faid Chancellor is properly the Head and firfl: Perfon of the Univeriity; he gives the Degrees of Licentiates, Doctors and Nfafters, as alfo the Points for the Leffons in private Examinations, oh Which Occafions he precedes the Rec­ tor, but not the Reformer, and orders the commencing and finifhing the Adts.; Befides thefe, the Univeriity hath Other Officers of Diftindtion, fuch as the Con- fervador, Owvidor, and Secretary., The Inquilition adds another great.Prerogative to this City; where it was ef- tabfiihed by the CardinalDon H e n r i que} Anno 1541, in the Reign of King Jo h n III, about ten Years 'after the Inftitutibh o f that in Lijbon, and; is one of the three in the Kingdom, -'f -,u ; .'V- 1. -, ; C oim bra, and its Suburbs, are reckoned' to contain g o o ü Families, befides £oôû Students, which there are in common from various Parts for Eearmng: T h e faid Inhabitants are divided into feven Pariihes that o f the See, dedicated toNojfa1 Senbora da Ajfufftpçaon ; that.of S . Pedro,. fhat of,S , Çbriftovaon, S . Bar­ tholomew, Santiago, - Santa Juft a, and S . Jpaon, da.Cruz,', o f which the firft, fix are' . Priories, and the laft a Curacy, in the Prefentation of the prior-general of the regular Canons of tire Monaftcry of Santa Cruz o f Coimbra. L ■ :: Vom II. . * X / ■ The D IS S E RTATI O N S on The Buildings, within the City or its Neighbourhood, are foe fubfequent ones, the Cathedral Church; which was once a Moonjh M ofqUej1 the fuperh.Edi­ pee of the Univeriity, in which the great.Extent and regular Architedlure are equally admired j the Houfe of Mercy, which is the fécond-that was erected hi the Kingdom i an ÌToipìtal, founded ÌtyKmgilfowe/; eight Convents, and eigh­ teen Colleges-. "■ ■ 'E ’ ■ The Mònafteries hre that of Santa Cruz, of regular Canons of St.-Ægufiin-, - a Work truly noble j it was begun by the Archdeacon Don Fèllo,. Arino 113 i, and King Ajfonfo-Uçnriÿucs increafed it, and endowed it with fuch confiderable Rents, that it is 'with Reafori termed a royal Foundation i 'T h at o f Pfimhncan Friars, founded firft in the Place of ■ pigueira Pelhag but 'now in the -Street of. Santa Sofia ; that of Francifean Monks!, extra-muraland near the Bridge^ 'that o f Santa Clara, with Nuns o f the fame Ordet, who were firft Ütuated to'the eaft- ward of the Bridge, but the Convent being deftroyed by1 the Sands o ï ÛizMon- dego, King Pedro II, ordered it to be fumptuoully-rebùllt on thè other Side,.weft- ward ; that o ì Santo -Antonio dos 'Olivaes, which hath alfo changed Situation j that of Celias, Nuns of S„ Bernârdo, founded by the. Infanta Donna Sûncbafxhst o f Santa Anna, formerly of Female Canons of St; Augujlin, and. now-'Female Hermits of the fame Saint, which was Hkewifè onginàÜy m another Part , that o f the Monks o f St. Pelmet, feated. firft in the PlaceÌwhere the UniVerfity now ftands, and lince without foe Caille Gates. At two Leagues from the City, is the Monaftery of S. Mateos, poiîelfed by J e t omite -Friars, and founded in the Year 1451, in the Reign of Affonfo V . ■ - r : Colleges : The royal one of St. Paul, built by Order of King John III, though not perfected till the Reign of King Sehaftian, An no 1565 j this College, takes ita Origin from tliat óf S. Miguel, hi the Monaftery of Santa Crust, which was In- ftituted by Ferions of the foil Quality: The College of S: Pedro, whole Founder was Rodrigo Lopes de Carvalho, aftèf wards Bifhop of Miranda, witli the "Intent it fosnld ferve as a Refuge for twelve poor Clergymen .'which followed foe > Uni- verfity j it was fo il feated in Santa Sofia Street,1 where the Convent o f FrettitiJam Nuns now ftands-, and it there remained till the Y'oar 1570, intvhich Kihg^i* haJUan giving a good Part pf the old Palace for/this W ork, the new College of St. Peter was begun, 'changing it to1 its. primitive : Inftkution, which-is & Tuffi- c-ient Foundation for its bearing the Title o f 'a-rbyal College : That o f thè Monks of S f Bernardo ; that of NoJJa Seniora da Grdja, 'Fémâlé'HeïSmits !of ;St. Auguftin j that of unihod Carmelite Nuns-, dedicated to Nofia Sentora f b ‘-Goncekaon-, that of Franc-ijcan Friars, Percciros ; that of Santo fihqmas, .Vvifo-XWritym» Friars f that of Francifean Friars, of the Province of Algarve-, th at òf Pedreira, 'Capuchins o f S^ Antonio-, that of the Monks of the S antijinia- Fr in dalle ■ 5 "that o f the military Orders of Santiago and Avi'zg that’ of Friars Of-the Order -of Chrijl, eredted by Order of King John III ; that Of'the fecular Canbns of S'.Jodm Evangelifla ^ - tliat o f S.Bmvmtura, Francifean Friars of the Pr&foidêof Póttiigdl -, that of the Monks o f S, Jeronymo ; tliat of the Jcfuits, which is -oftè b f the ¡lâfgeft o f that Order- that of the regular Canons o f Satiio-Agofiùihb-, mid that 'o f foeFinns, Cartmlitas Deficits, without the Cattle Gate's. -i ■ T ! Finally, Coimbra, is the Dead of a Diftriéty Seat of a -and foCRe- ftdence of a Proveder, Corregedor, .and Juiz -de Forar. For the<-pairfkulat-Go­ vernment of thé City, it" has Pereaddfes, ■ hPfleres-, Juiz-Bo P cèdo-, Aihiùtàceìs-, - and other Miniers. A - riff. ' -, The ancient Gomita was-' featédrinfoëSpot whereCoHtPxw5f f t r i f l e w-ftands, ' . and was rebuilt fome1 Years after it1'was deftroyed T titì tutti ad' - into the Power o f (lie ib/Waw, as appears fromMeitmrihls-jèÿr'^^'V-Auf in t'he Year 464, it was again !r u inèd- 'by King 'R/mifmund, '. to f i hrifa iall1 thd -SueviS'ère ' at that Time fubjedt. ■ Tn thé'eighthC-oU'nc^hf ^ ^ ^ y '¿èfébi^éd:^diiAÿâ., itvVo • Bifhops SPAIN AND f ’;Q R;T;U p A L BiihopS- figned; with the Names, of Celidonia . and Pifeberto, whom feme believe ..were Prelates of the,twoCointbras, as the ope Entitled himielf Epifcepus CoUmbri- >enfUi 'and. the .other Epifcopus Commbriccnfis ; which the Mejìre Refende, pretends to agree*/.fuppofing the fh-it B iih opof Condexa.'a Velha, although he was only -titular*, and. the fccondBiÙxo-pM _Coimbra Nova 1 .

Efgueirtf {land's half a League to the e ail wal’d of AvtirO ; and is an ancient Town, as King Sàncho^ I, Anno icro, left it by Will to the Infanta Donna.7k- f é ] a, his .Daughter, and Queen o f 'Leon -, and on'.her Death, to the Infanta iDonna Branca. This Legacy, was the Occafiùn bf great Strife between the two Tiifantas, -and their Brother King Affonfo II, until M s1 Deceafe, ;which happened ■ in 1223, when his Sifters agreed with the Crown to have'tile Lordfhipsof 'qutr, Montembr, and Efgueira, on Condition' that after both their Deaths, the - twò firft iliould be'reunited to the Crown, and the latter’pais to theMonailcry o f Lorvacn. " \ r This Placers the Head and Seat of a Provi dotata ; -'which Preeminence iti ob­ tained, about the Year 1590, oh the following Motive : As the Town of Aveiro was anciently the Capital of a Corréip ao?Pol the Vaine Name, and King Jobn:lM érefling it. into a Dukedom in Favopr of thè Primogeniture of'Duke Jorge, .Son to K ing John IT, in Head of the Title of Duke o i Coimbra, an Ouvidor was appointed ‘for this and other Lands which belonged tir thè laid Duke; on thefe S erin s, Efgueira, with feveral otlier Towns, remained in the' Còrreipaon of Aveiro, not comprehended in Grants to Donq-tarjof Fi bordinate to theCarrege- 'Aor zA&Frovcdor opCotmbra ; in Prpcefs of Time, and ìncreàfe of Settlements, tit was deemed better to feparate thofe Eilates, aiid form put o f them a new Pro­ vi dori a, for whofe Head the Town of Efgueira was chpfen as the principal one o f the Crown Lands ; and in .this mailner 'the'Towns o f the Prdvidoria àECo­ imbra were again feparated, which.had been annexed to It ibine Years1 before! T h e Town contains 350 Families, Whó'fe'Gharter was renewed ;by ’King Mk- noel. Its principal Edifices .are, ‘ the parochial Church o f St. Andreiy, Which is-a "Vicarage, and a Commenda of thè.'Ordèr of a'Hòufe otiMerèytiand.an Hofpital. " Befides being Head o f .a Provi dori a, it is al fo the.'Befidence o f a J A z de Fora; but Os iti has no Corregedorhe oC Coimbra fupplies the W ant : Andtit is to be remarked, that'although all criminal .-Affairs belong to the King's M i- niilers, the civil are dependent on tlie Monailery oiLorvaon. ■ Places belonging to the Provi dori a,, oPEfgueira: Agueira, Ana dia, AngejafAf- fequins, Aveiro, Avèldns de Gaminbo,.AveUns. defima, iBempojia, RriipPìdÓ,-Ceffi ids Alvaro, Eixo, Efiarreja, -Ferreiras, Ilbanvo, S.Lourencodo Bairroi Vis da Ribeira, Oliveira do Bairro, Paos, PreJUmo, Recardaens, Sangalbos, Segadaens, Serem, Sorfa, Jr of a, VillarhinboAo Bairro, Yagas,.Vougo, C oncelbo. de_ Per me do, -'Cauto Hd Ffievs. Among thefe Eilates, thofe which do not belong to Donatarios, \bpt remained united' to the Grown, depend. Correifaon;,of..Ctfi^riff,rJas theyfprm ^ly did ..on that of.Avoirs y / d : ■ ... - !. .; y

. ,d. ^ ' Oavidori a de Monte mor 0 Yelbo. , . , . - ' T h is. is an Ouvidcria of the Houle of Aveiro, fon the Eilates It poiiéilès. iit "this 'Province:; : and,' ' its - Gapitaltis ¡the LdidÌT.oWn- dCMontemir,* compreliending tlic following ones. ' - '■■ ’ : •- .->•■ :-;v:Wr , y ; ;.\;d ■ ■ ' y-; y. ¡i-.’ - Towns. -ytiym ■ •'-.yi ir j . r y Abiul, Av'eifo.iPrutthìdv,;Gafdbde ■Alvaro, 'EouA^àlpPjoiiMnapÌAòntBtnùrvMdbo, i Pensila, RereirafRrcdrdaens/Segddaens,.^anddF¡rres-Novas.' ■ p p v.■ y \ - ; - ,; -

. „ M-ontemor, 0 Velbo hath its Situation on a ftiong Eminence, four Leagues be­ low Coimbra, on the jeptentf ienai Bank of the River Mfindego. ■' Some Geogra- y :.. u ■- ’ ’ ' ’ ‘ : - . y . phers S o 1 D I S S Ë RTAT IONS on

pliers believe it to have been founded by K ing Brigus, giving it the Name of Mdhbriga : But all : that can be affirmed with Certainty,. is; that this Town was totifiderable when conquered by the Moors, foon after their Entrance into Spain. King Ramiro I. o f Leon retook it in thé Year 848, though'it was. fome Tim e after-loft again, and reconquered by Fernando 4be Great s who,, being du­ bious of its Prefervation, he ordered, it to be. demoliihcd:: .And it remained in Ruins until the.Reign of Affbnfo VI, Kirig.of Leon, and Çajîile; whofe Son-in- Law, the Earl Don Ray inundo, ordered the peopling it in the Year 10883 :'rt> which the Affiftance of the Earl Don Sfnando did not a little contribute. -The'Name o f Montemôr 0 Velbo was in Time given it,, to diftinguiih It from Montemôr o Novo, which will he taken Notice of, When I come to treat of the Province of Alentejo. . 1 ; . . -, ' . i : From feveral Memorials that are extant of Montemôr, after the Earl ponLLff- rique became poffeifed o f Portugal, we learn, that King Sancbo: I. left the Lord- ihip of tliis Tpwn, on his Deceafe, to the Infantas Donna Fareja and SanAa; which occafioned greahDiflentions with their Brother King Affonjo II, as has been remarked in treating of Efgueira; But it was fo thinly inhabited m King Sdncbo’s Reign, that he ordered the peopling it anew, as appeal's by the Char­ ter he granted it in the Year 1201, in the M onth of March. And ill King D ot- Mss Time, his Sifter, the Infanta Donna Branca, was in Pofleffion o f It 3 but not having the Patronages of its Churches, her Brother made her a Grant of them in June, 12863 and oh his Agreement with his Son, the Infante D onA f- fonfo, made the Beginning o f May, 1322, he yielded to him the Lordiliips of Mtmtenwr, Coimbra, and. feveral Call:les. The Infante Don Pedro, Son to King John I, was alfo Lord of tliis Town, and of other Lands 3 which being cufto- MwurtH.Lur marily given to tlie Infantes, Pr. Francifco Brandqoq judges, they thereby gôt fit, tarn, s. £ke denomination of Eftates of the Infant ado, in Imitation o f, what was prac- tlfed in Leon and Çajiik. Finally, King John II. giving his Son Don Jorgefùs Lands which the Infante Don Pedro had enjoyed, this Tow n of Montemôr en­ tered alfo in" the Donation, which was confirmed by King Manoel, on the 27th o f May, 1500 3 and is yet ill the Pofleffion of the. Houle pf Ayeiro, which ac­ knowledges the faid Duke Don Jorge for its Branch, as will be fheym in its pro­ per Place, Montemôr contains 1000 Families (among which àire feveral noble) ; &nd di­ vided into five Farifties, viz. Santa Maria da AicaçoVa, S. Martinbv, 0 Salva­ dor, Santa Maria Magdalena, and S. Miguel: Here is fikewifefthe Priory of S. Joaon Bautifta, which is a Ample Benefice, without Obligation of Rêiidence. The other public Edifices are, a HoUfe o f Mercy, four Hofpitals, and the Monaftery of Female Hermits of St. Auguflin, deNpjfa Senior a dos Campos, 3 which was here for­ merly, and belonging to the Nuns of Santa Clara, was changed for the new Con- • vent of Sendelgas. This Town is the Head of an Ouvidorta, Refidence of an Ouvidor and a JuM de Fora-, the former is obliged to refide in the Town, under the Penalty o f Suf- penfion, according to a Decree made by Philip IV, on the 23d. o f February, 126g : It belongs to the Provedoria of Coimbra, though the Towns of which.ft Is compofed have different Prpvedores,. viz. one .of Efgueira, one-Mrfbomar, and. another of Saniarem. . The Government o f the Place depends on .’three .Verea- dores, Procurator do Confelbo,. and other Minifters. It hath a Capiiaon, môr, with twenty eight Companies of Militia, in theTown and its Territories. ^ r : In fome Memorials, kept .in the Archives, of the See of Coimbra, theTitle1 of a City is given to Montemôr, - as.may.,be feen in the firft Volume Bènedic- - tina Luftana. . ... , . 1 J ' ■A " 7.'.777'.'.C - ■ .

^ I ,.r \ ■' F . ' Avelro. SPAIN A N D PORTUGAL, §i Aveiro-. This Tow n is feated in 40 Degrees and 38 Minutes o f Latitude, ac­ cording1 to'tire moft juft ObfervationSj and in 9 Degrees and 49 Minutes o f Lon­ gitude, in that Part where the River Vouga difembogues itfelf into the Ocean. It is a Sea-portj with a Bar that runs Eaft ànd W eft/ three Leagues from the Tow n: At high W ater there is from twelve to thirteen Palms Depth, and a lit­ tle more than ten when the Tide is out* but in Spring-tides it hath twenty four at high Water, though formerly it did not exceed iixteen, fo that the Port daily grows better. : The Sea Water here mixes with that of the abûvciàid River, and from a Canal, North and South, of feven Leagues long, from the Bar to the Town of Ovax, feparated from the Ocean by a fort of Downs or Sand Hills : Prom this Canal- are branched out feveral little Rivulets, which form Marfhes and Mets, fifteen Leagues in Circuit, where are feveral Salt-ponds, many Gar­ dens, pattare and arable Lands, The Time of this Town’s Foundation is uncertain, as is the Etymology of its Name j though its Antiquity is indifputable: Of which the moft authentic Me- ~morial that exifts, is a Gift o f its Salt-ponds, given by the Countefs Mumadona to the famous Mdnaftery of Gumaraens, which fhe founded in thè Year 927. In the Reign of King Sancho I, the Lordfhip of this Town was poiTeiTed by Ms half- Sifter/ given her by the laid Prince, Anno 1187, in Exchange for the Town of Avoo, which now belongs to the Bifliops of Coimbra. By the Death of this Lady, the Town was divided among her Children, and Continued for feveral Years in various feparate Jurifdiétions, until King Dennis again annexed it to the Crown 5 in which it remained to the Reign of Fernando, Who gave it to Queen Leonor, with all its ecclefiaftical and fecular Rights. King John I. coming to the Crown, JoaonRodrigues Pereira had tins Royalty- and a ■ fittle after it was poileiTed. by the Infante Don Pedro, to whom it was confirmed by Affonfi V, Anno 1448, adding to the Grant, that it was of Right and Inhe­ ritance : But his Death happening fhortly after, the faid Prince gave it to Doti, Sancbo- de Noronha, Earl of Odemira. K ing John II. made a Grant of it, in the Month of Auguft, 1485, to his Sifter the Infanta Donna Joanna ; and on her Demife, the King gave the faid T o w n ,1 and other Eftates of the Infantai, to his Son Don Jorge, whom he had by Donna Joanna de Mendoça, a Lady of great Quality, creating him alio Duke of Coimbra : And on King John I ll’s coming to the Throne, he erected the Town o f Ave ira into the Title of a DuÊedom, in Favour of Don Joaon de hcncafiro, Son to the abovefaid Don Jorge, and changed the Title of Duke o f Coimbra for that o f Duke o f Aveiro. Seven Succefibrs are reckoned in this Houfe, after the Dukc-Majler, until the prefent Tim e : Don Joaon de Ldncajlro, the firft Duke o f Aveiro ; -Don Jorge, the firft of his Name; Don Ahano, Uncle andHulband to the Duchcfs Donna Ju li­ ana, Daughter and Heirefs to the laftPoflefTor; Don Jorge the lid, who did not arrive to the Dukedom, as he died before the Du chefs his Mother -, Don Pay- mundo, who went over to CaJHle-, Dòn Pedro, Uncle to the faid Raymundo, and thè Duchefs AfhrLz de Guadalupe, his Siller. This Lady, who remained at Madrid with her Hufband, Don Manoei Ponce de ■ Livwi/Duke of Areas, was declared Heifefs to the Houfe of Aveiro, by a Sentence given in Lijbon, on the 20th Of OSipber,, 1679, and confirmed on the ift o f March, , 1681, on Condition however that fhe Mould return to the Kingdom, and remain ! in it, with due ValTalage to the Kings o f Portugal. On her Deceafe, which hap­ pened in the Month o i February, 1715, five Prfeterider$ declare^ themfejves for her Eft ate, vis. her fécond Sorg Don Gabriel. Ponce de Leaon,' Duke of Fùnhm, by Ceilion of his elder Brother thtyDuke o î Areas -, the Marchionèfs of TJnBmn, firft Lady of the Bedchamber to thè; Queen of Portugal) D on ‘Marianna de Aujiria, the Marquis of Gouv'ea, Lord High Steward to King Join Y ; the Earl of Villa- ■ Vox.. II. * Y Nova, D I S S E RT A T I O N S ox Neva* and Don Rodrigo de Lancafro : Eeiides thefe, the Solicitors for the Crown laid in their Claim for the laid Houfe‘s Eiiate, under Pretence of its Extin ¿don in the laid Lady. And on the 17th of February, 1720, the. Caufe was decided in Favour of the puke oi Barbos. . . 1 The Town runs North and South, in, a long Form, on a pleaiant fertile Fiain; and is divided into live Wards, of which die two lowed; are.feparated by a Marfh, furniilied with a Quay of Stone and fome Bridges ; on the Banks, fome Houles are built for Merchants > .tliofe on the Spot called Marinba, for thé Na­ tives, and thpfe for the Enghfo &x Alboy, : To the North follows the. third Ward, called Villa-Nova ; and. the fourth, fouthward, which is til at of the ancient Town, and the beft of all' now in it, which the Infante Don Pedro inclofed with Wails, and is at prêtent inhabited by. the principal Gentry •; the fifth .begins at theTow nG ate, and is. extended'through a. long Street,, branching out into two others, and terminating in die.Olarins. . L- ;■ Tins Tovyn is reckoned to contain 27*00 Families, in the.fbur following Pa­ nifies, viz. the Mother Church, being .a Priory dedicated to S, Miguel - and the Vicarages of EfpirUo Sanio, Vera Cruz, ánd of tfit.Apfirefentdtion, all belonging to the Order o f Avtz:. The other principal Edifices are, a Houfc of Mercy, which is one of the mofr fumptuous Fabrics of the Kingdom 3 an HoJpital, and.fix Con­ vents} that of No fa Seaborn da Mifericordia, poffciTcd by Dominican Friars, and founded by the. Infante Don Pedro, in the Year .1423 ; the róyal M on aile ry of jejas, with Nuns of the fame Order, 111 whofe Church King AjfonfoN, laid the firil Stone in 1462; that o f Santo plutonio, now of the Province of the Solidade, built in 1524; the Nunnery of Carmelitas Defcalças, founded in 16^3 ; that of Madre de Déos, with Nuns of the third Order of S.Pranclfco, in 1644; and die Nunnery of Carmelitas Defcalças, a Work of Don Ray mundo, Duke o f Ave tro, which begun to he inhabited in 1658. Here is likewife a Cuftomhoufe, with its Judge, Efcrivaem, and other Officers, b elides a ftuz de Fora-, and the Prove dor of EJgueira refides here by Favour and fpecial Leave. . ■ Its Arms are the royal puiuas (or five Eicutcheons) between a brown Eagle on the right Side, and a'Spkere on die left, in Memory (as is hefieved) of Ring Mauocl, who gave it a new Charter in die Year 1515,

Ouvidoria da Feira. ■ ' .... This Ouvidoria hath for its Head the Town of Feira, Seat o f its Ouvidor, and comprehends the fubfequent Towns. 1 Towns, Cambra, Cajlanheira, Feira, Ovar, Pereira de Sufaon.

Feira is fituated in a fpacious pleafant Vale, four Leagues to the fouthward of the City of Porto, and alrnoil two to die eaftward of the Ocean. Some Hif- torians place its Building to the Year 990; though this Aflertion is not to be de­ pended on as a Matter afeertained : For all that can be affirmed, without rifk- ing Truth, is, diat for a long Time paid the rSeigniory of this Town hath, been in die illuitnous Hotife of the Per;ciras Forjazes, Descendants of- the Earl Don Meado, who flourilbcd hi-the Reign of Ajfonfo I. King of Leon •, one o f thofe Per- fonages having palled into Portugal ^t the^Beghtning of the Government of King Sambo 1 . . . Í . ; The Erection of this Town, into' an Earldom, was, by King Manvel, Andúvc ^ear 1515, in.Favour of .Don DiogoPéreira, Seignior opBeJhdros, -'married to Donna Bcatnz de Caftro 3 although fome .pretend that hisTather had the Title, of Earl : His Deftf end ants continued to enjoy, thefe. Honours; till tbeT eign o f Pe- dr.° IIj when the Succeffion faîluig on theDemife of the Eàrl Don Ferigvnlç, the. S P AÍ N a n d PORTUGAL. 8 3 King gave to his Son,1 the Infante Don Francifco, not only litis Lordihip, but that o f the othei; Lands of tills Oitvl doria. This Town, contains 250 Families, in oneParifh, dedicated to the Propcacaon do'Efpirito Santo, which at the fame Time is a Convent of fecular Canons of S, Joaon Evtmgdifa, founded by the Earl D on D logo Forjaz Pereira, in the Y can 5 bo : The other Buildings, are, a Houfe of Mercy and an Hofpitah .The Territory fubjeit to Feira is of fuch an Extent, as to comprehend 70 Parilhes, in which are above 11,000 Families : In it alio hands, the great Mo- riaftery of Grijo, o f regular Caneáis, founded in the Year 922; and the.Abby of Cucifjaens, poifeifed by Monks of S. Bento, built in the Reign of AfbnjbVI. King of Leon, as is affirmed in the Nobiliario do- Condi Zb Pedro. It is the Residence of an Ouvidor, nominated by the Donatarios ; 'and its par­ ticular Government is compofed of three percadores, Procurador,da Concelho, No­ tary of.the Chamber, and other Officers.

Correlation de Vifeu, ■ Comprehends the City of this Name, twenty two Towns, and thirty Ccncclhos, the City of Vifeu being the Capital of the Córrele non. - ' Towns. Alva, Ban ho, Boba dell a, C and:ft, Coja, En fas, Ferreira de Aves, Lagares, Mar­ tagón, Nogueira, Oliveira do Conde, Oliveira de Prudes, 0 live ir a do Hojjitnl, Penaha de Ævû, Perfilada, Reriz, ' Sabugfa, Sandow;!, Sauta Comba do Paon, S. Pedro dù Sal, Labo a. Trapa. Concelhôs. A'zere, Azurara, Barreiro, Bcfleiros, Canas de Sabugofa, Canas de Sanhorim, Cur- rollos, Fùlbadal, Freixedo, Gafanhaon, Guardaon, Gulfar, Lafocns, Moens, Matraz, Ovoa, Penaha do Cajlello, Pinbeiro de Azcre, Pavolide, Ranhados, S.'Joaon de Areas, S. foaon do Monte, Satam, Senhorim, Sever, Syhares, ¿inde, Lavares, Villa 'de Foz de Pioiaon, Villa-Gava de Subavo. Among thefe Towns and Coneellios, are fome Lands belonging to Donatarios, which the Brevity I have propofed to obierve in this Geography, and the little Iniiruttion or Pleafure it can afford my Readers, will not permit me to treat of with more Particularity: O f thefe,.Co/a and Santa Comba do Daon depend on the Biihops of Coimbra, and thefe the Ouvidor of Arganil enters in Correiçaon, and both are of tile Providoria o f Vifeu ; and for thefe .Reafons I have not áffigned them to the Correiçaon of Coimbra, as fome have miftakenly done, under the er­ roneous S uppofition that they were two different Cojas and Santas Combas.

Vifeu is fituated in the Heart of tills Province, between the two Rivers Mon- dego and Vouga, at a League and a half Diflance, forming a Triangle with the City of Lamego to the North, and Guarda to the Eaffi... It is fuppolèd to have fcyen founded from the Ruins of the ancient City Vacca, by Command of the Pretor orProconful, Decius Brutus, who ordered this new Plantation to be built on a greater Eminence than that where the old one flood; commencing Ins Plan hr a Fortification with two Towers, 6n the Spot, where the Cathedral Churchnoy . , . Hands, to which Fortification fome HiftOrjans^ (mifeonffr uing Ptolemy) gave tiy Name o f Vtfonpium ; though herein is a manifeit Mifiake, for the. laid Author affirms, -that Vlfonfum was' feated jrv Difpania Lerfajc'onenfs, where the People called Pelendones inhabited, and Vifeu remained jn .thé Lim its.of Lujitania. ■ ■. Neither does it appear .probable, that on the (aid Occafion it lb mild be nomi­ nated Vijh, as other'Geographers, pretend; for its Founder being"d Radian, it. is unlikely he lliould impofe on it an Appellation. fb .HtÜe fignificative in his Lan­ guage!: Though -if is certàm thaf'tlfi^City was formerly known by that Name, . ■' . .’ as g4 DISSERTATI O NS on Ubureh.L«‘ as is evidently proved by a Writing of the Year 925, being a Gompofitlon of the it tom. ». Earjs Qutt>rn: Arias, who governed the T erri tones of Porto,. with due Obedience and Vaflalage to Ajfonfo VI. King of Leon-, and Bufo Buffer who had under his; Care thofe o f Vifeu, among certain Particulars upon the Diftribution o f the Valley o f Moldes and o f Arouca: And in Procefs of Time, .Vifeu was formed from. Vi fi, though the Origin o f this latter does not appear. The two abovementioned Towers are préferved to this Day, and fe rn for a Belfry and-a Prifon : In one of them Itili remains the Imperial Eagles ; and in the other are feen the Names of two Romans, Fiaccai and Frontinus, Architects, as is fuppofed, of that W ork. From the Dominion o f the Romans, Vifeu palled fuccéflivfely Under that o f the Suevi, Goths and Moors, with the other Cities of Spain: Thefe lait conquered it live different Times, and was as often retaken by the Kings of Leonand Aftirias ; its lait Deliverer being Fernando the Great, who took it from the Kings of Or- dova, on the 28th of Jane, 1038 (and not in 1058, as the Author of Orografia Portugueza hath erroneoufly copied from Jorge Car ¿lofio), after à Siege of eigh­ teen Days, having been fifty lix Years before conquered (Anno 982) by-the.fa­ mous Aimanfor. This City becoming fubjedt to the Portuguefe Monarchy King Affonfo-Hen- riques gave it its Charter; which was confirmed by Sancho I. in 1x87, declaring it to be the fame which his Father had granted it: And it always remained as united to the Crown till the Reign of King Johi I,' who granted-it,-with the Title of a Dukedom, to his Son the Infante Don Henrique -, after wkofe Deceafe, the Infante Don Fernando, Son to King Durate, obtained it, with the fame Tide, from his Brother Affonfo V : He had, among other Children, the unhappy Duke D on Diogo, in whom the Title of Duke of Vifeu became ex thief, for the Rea- fons fo particularized in the Hifiories of this Kingdom; and King John II. fub* ftituted in his room the Title of Duke of Be]a, in the Perfon of Don Manoel, Brother to the abovefaid Don Diogo, afterwards King o f Portugal, of glorious Memory. Vifeu is one of the molt ancient Bifhoprics in Portugal ; and though the exadfc Tim e of its Erection is. not recorded, yet it appears with Certainty that there were Bilhops of tills Church previous to the Moors Entrance into Spain : For iii the third Bracbarenfie Council, celebrated in 571, we find Bifhop Remifol with the Title of Prelate of Vifeu ; and in feveral Pole dan Councils, in fucceedmg Years, fome Biihops of that Cathedral are mentioned. By the aforefaid Invafion of-the Saracens, the Series o f thefe Biihops was fometimes interrupted ; nor did King Ckron. dot Fernando's Conqneft rettore the epifcopal Dignity to this Church, for he, con- CoDcg. Re­ print. liv. 5 fidermg that the gieateft Part of the Bilhopric was depopulated, inftituted a Cjy, é. Priory in tire fald Mother Temple, which afterwards remained fubjedt to the Biihops of Coimbra. The firft Prelate, after its Reftoration, was Odorio, who was ele£!ed by the Clergy of Vifeu, during the Government of Queen Far fa-, but ds t)on Gongolo, Bifhop of Coimbra, oppofed the Election, for being made without his Confent, Odorio debited from his new Dignity in 1120, and made the formal Defiftance fr°m ^ Ptetenlions in Prefence of the faid Queen. After fome Time, aiid in the Reign of Ajfonfo-Henrìques, Odorio \vas again elected Bifhop oi Vifeu? in the Yearxi44, and continued in this Dignity till 1166. h'-- This Chui'ch is Suffragan to Braga, the which was acknowledged for Metro­ politan before 1199; but in this Year, Braga was confirmed in ’the faid.PofTef- fion, by a Brief from Pope Innocent III, againft the Pretenfion^ o f the Arch- biihop of Santiago, who Would havè arrogated that Prominences with the Pre­ text that the Bilhopric of Vifeu was foilnerly "

Tfie SPAIN and PORTUGAL. 85 The Chapterris compofed of fix Dignities ; which are, Dean, Chanter, Trea- fnrer, Schoolmafter, Archprieft, and Archdeacon o f Pendello ; eighteen Canons, and ten Half-Canons, for, which the faid Chapter enjoys thirty three Prebends : Beiides thefe Dignities, there are the Archdeaconries of Bago and S. Pedro de Franque^ which have not Prebends as the others. The Inhabitants are reputed to be 900. Families, among which are fome ver}' noble. They.are diftributed in three Parifhes; that of the See, S,Miguel, and S. Martinbo : The other public Edifices are, a Houle of Mercy, Hofpital, and three Convents.! vìi. Fraticifean Friars, founded in 1410; Benedi Sfitte Nuns, be­ gun to be inhabited in 1592; Fathers of the Congregation of the Oratory of S. Philippe Neri, eftablilhed here in the Reign Of Peter II. . . ■ Am ong, the Antiquities of Vifeu, the Sepulchre of King Rodrigo (in whofe ■ Reign the Moors invaded Spain) merits a particular Regard; it is itili preferred in. the Church o f S, Miguel do Fetal, wiithout the City W alls, though the faid Prince died in the Year 71Ó, It has likewifè the Glory of being the Birth-place to K ing Durate, who . was bom there in 1401. ■ It is the Head of a Diftri£l, and the Reiidence of a Corrcgedor, Preveder, and Juìz. de Fora. Its Arms are a Tower, with two Bulwarks, between a green Pine- tree on one Side, and a Man blowing a Trumpet on the other.

Correi^aon de Lamego i Tins Correttami comprehends the City its Capital, thirty three Towns, and twenty two Goncelhos, viz. City; Lamegd. Towns- Arcùs, jirthamar, Aroma, Barcòs, Bri turn de, Cajlello, Caflroclatro, chavaens, S. Cofmado, Fontiho, Fragoas, Goujoun, Granjaddo L’odo, Laltm, Lazaxim, Lcomil, Lon­ ga, Luntiares, Momenta da Beira, Mondim, Nagoza, Parada do Bijpo, Pafo, Pen­ di ¿be, Sande, Serra, Faboaqo, Far orna, Valdigem, Varzea, tfcanba, Villa-Ceka, Villa-Seca. Concelhos- Alvar eriga, Aregos, Bar queir os ^ Cabril, Cariai S. Cbrijlovaon da Nogueira Ferrei­ ras, S. Martinbo de Mouros, Moffaon, Vai va, Parada de EJlber, Pera, Pefo da Regoa, Beva, Pifibeiros, Refende, Ribellai, Sanfins, Sinfaens, Feixeìra, Fendaens-, Concelbo, and Cauto da Ermida: To this Correigaon fome aifign the Concelho of Sever, which others place to that of, Vifeu. Note, Some Authors by Miftake change the Name o f Towns to Ccfncelhos, and Concelhos to Towns.

Lamego is feated at a little Diftance from the River Douro, in a low Spot, fur- rounded by Mountains, between tire City Porto to the Weft, and that of Vifeu to the South; it is watered by the River Balfamaon, Which, running from South to North, terminates its Courfe in the Douro, palling by this Place to the eaft- -ward, where its Bridge ftands. Its Foundation is attributed to the Laconian, or Macedonian Greeks, after their Reconciliation with, the Celta, three hundred and fixty one Years before our Redemption ; thètr fiift Situation was on the Spot . now called S.Domingos daVlyemada, a Place yery iirong both by Art and Nature, and remained there,, till the Time of the Emperor Fra]an, with fo much Repute among Strangers, ; that Ptolemy, calls it the greateft City of; S p a in The aforefaid Emperor, during his Reign, changed the Seat of Lamego, in Chaiiifement for a Rebellion its Inhabitants had engaged in with thofe, of feveral other Cities o f the Province.; which he effected by means of fourteen Roman Legions, ordered Vox.. IF * Z to 86 I) I S s E R T À T I o N S i 6 n' ; to march from Italy for that Fnrpofefand fo ruining thé'‘firft-Settlement, he built another City in the prefent Situation, -which,-■ beirig low1 anffMefencelcis, left the Remaps free from any jealoufy of a future Revoit. Its fuff Nantes were Laconia arid Lacofii-Murgi, afterwards called Urbs Lamacenomm and' Lamcca, from whence was formed Lam ego. ‘ : 1 It was fo ruinated under the Dominion of the Moan: "m Spain, that Ajfonfo \l\. K ing of Leofr ordered it to be new peopled; but aftçr many Years)-." it fell again into the Sarabens Power, being conquered by Almanitor about the Yeir 9 8 2 : From this Sttbjedtion .it whs in Pome manner relieved' by Fernando the. Great ; wl’.o, on the 2 2d of July, i q 3 8, took : it by Force O f- A rm s, arid ‘ made - Zadàn-Abeîii who in- titled himlelf King thereof, tributary. ' ' . . ' ; , ' Jit this Condition L'amégo remained till thé Ear 1 ‘ D û ri. Henri que took Pofleffidn o f Portugal: But as one oftlie SricCeiTorsofthis Mahometan PrInce-;(caHed7 5 /riw in the Writings of thofe Times) rèfafed due Vaflalagc to'the Eari/fre relolved to reconquer it, which he effedted'in the Year 1.102, after gaining.the Battle of Aroiica, and Ficha on this Ôccafion bècbming a ChrifHâii; ’the Earl gave it to him; but after fome Years Were elapfed;1 and the Inhabitants had undergone various Alterations and Changes, the Earl finally incorporated'it With the reft of his Dominions. ' - ■r' ; ,'1.' The Cathedral of Ltrnego is one of the moft ancient in the Kingdom, as ap­ peal's front feveral Memorials ; but more-especially from that o f its Biiliop Li- bip-cio being at the firft Bracbarenfe Council, celebrated in the Beginning .of the fifth Century. The Series of thofe Bifhops, as well a sof. others, - WaSinter­ rupted by the Government of the Moors in Spain 5 and though K ing Fèrnando had Chron. dra its principal Church confecrated, he fubjedted it to the Bifhops o f Coimbra, Contg. Re- grant. Jiv. $, which from thenceforward were commonly called Priors : And it remained in cap. 7. this manner till the Reigrgpf Affonfo-Henri(¡ties, who reftored the epifcopal Dig­ nity to the City of Latnego in the Year 1144, after its Freedom from th&MooriJh Slavery. ' ‘ " ' ' - T 1 ■ This Bifiiopric hath fucceffively been Suffragan to the Archbifhops of Merida, to tlie Primates of Braga, thofe of Conipojiella, or Santiago of Galicia, ' and of the Metropolitans of Lijbon : At prefent it is Suffragan to the Patriarchs and Arch- .bifhops of Weft-Lifbon, in virtue of the golden Bull (Bulla aurea), for feparat- ing Lijbon into two Cities; expedited by Pope Clement XI, ott the yth o f Novem­ ber, iy ] 6. The. Territory of this Bilhopric, comprehending às well the old1 one as the new, which are properly the Lands of the Diftridt of Riba de Coa, conquered by Fillip Dennis in the Year 1296, are thirty Leagues in Length, but in fottie Parts do not exceed feven in Breadth : Tliis Circumference hrclofeth1 feven hundred and ninety one Parifhes, viz. feventy one Abbies, feventy five. Vicarages or Rec­ tories, and one hundred and forty five Curacies, exclufive of lbme thurch.es belonging to the Monks of S. Bernardo...... - The Chapter is compofed of feXen Dignities, viz. Dean,' Chanter, Archdea­ con of Bago, Schoolmàfter, ArchdeaCon o f Coa, Atchprieft, and cliief Treafu-^ ret j twelvè Canons, fix Half-Canons, and as n^njF'A'cenariùs', with feveral Chaplains. '■ '■ Tliis City is divided into three W ards1 L that Of thd Squate (of Prepay,-which is the principal; that of the Couto da Se; ’and that' dfthe Gaftlé ; comprehend-1' ing in all 2000 Families; antohg which aie fomeWeiymdbfc.; ; ; : Here are two Pari flies’; that of the'See, arid Nojfd Senborq de Ahnacave: The Ruy dc Pina Church of the See was ordered to be built' by the B ail Don Ilenrique, and was Chron. do Conde D. Confecrated bÿ Don Bernardo Arehbiïbtip of T&/^Vthépthef, iFraalitton tells ‘us, H ate. was a Maori]}? Mofque, arid, had' before .ferved as a Cathedral'; now if is O' colle-' giate Church, with teiy Benefices 'and two .Curacies;.'1' ' " ' 1 : ; ' Other ■ S PAIN • and P O RTU'GAL. 8,7 Other Buildings, arc, theH oufe of Mercy, Hoipital, and; four. ¡Convenes*. that of the Antonine Capucbuis,w\\\ch. at firft, appertained, to the Ten]p(ars, antfafterr wards to the ciauftral Friars of S. Francijco 3, that of iecular Cailony of St. jphn J&'Uflngdifti which takes the Name of Santa Cruz, from a Certain fihtatc.;; that of Id off# Senhota da Piedade, of Female Hermits of, Si. AugujUn; and, the M onafttiy das Chagas .(of tlio Wounds) o f Fraud jean Nuns,- hr tire Field: calleddo-Fablaj),. as are alfo the AugujUns abovementior.ed; ,. . . ,, Am ong other Prerogatives, this City may boafh,..that iii.it KfingAffotjo-Hen^ riques held thole.famous Cortes, which even to this Day are known, by thofe of Lamego: (See what ThaVe laid about them m the Article of O rA n /A iid , finally, t dial 1 -only add, that it: is the Head of a Correi^aqn, ■ andthe Refill ence 'of-faVor^ regedcr, Prove dor, and Juiz de Fora; For the particular GovefrtmentvO'f the City! it hath Vereadores, Procurador do Concelho, and- othertMiniffers. -, - " ,v’' 1 :'ui

' . Cerrcjaon da Pinhel, ■ '‘/ ’’v ' 1. Hath fifty five Towns and one C o n celh o ap d .o f thisCxreiqqpn, Pinhel.is: the Capital: But it piuft be remarked, that, among thefe. T.owna,. there are fours appertaining to. Donatarfas, and ajp: not fubjeft,,to. the, Corregcdor’s Jurifdictipn, but noted fiere only, for being fituated iu this Part of the Province; thole,of,AI-* meida and Ranhddos are now belonging to .tile Hoijfe of Infantado-, and in them, the Ouvidor ofVilla-Real, in the Province oiF raz os-MonfaSyorfatv^ in Corrcigaon\ . Towns* ■ 1 . . ' o . ■ ■ ■ Aguiar, Alfdyates, Algbdres, Almeida, Almendra, Azeite, Cajfhnheira, Gaft ¡faction, Caftello-Bom, Cajlello-Melhor, Cajlelk-Mendo, Cajlello-Rodrigo, Cedahfam, Cinco Vi fa las, Ervedoja, Efcalhabn, Figueiro da Granja, Fonte Arcada, F6r'no's, Guilhfaro\ Horta, 3 . Joaonda Pefqueira, Lamegal, Langroiva, Mari ala a, MhtdnqdfMeda, Morei'ra, Muxagata, Nomaon, ParadeUa, 'Paredes, Penq-Verde, Penediotio, Pencils, Pmhefav Ponte, Povoa, Ranhados, Reygada, Sernancfahc, Sindifa, Soutcllo, Soiito, Favor, d, Fouqa, Franco]}),' Frevoens, 'Valenqa do Douro, Val de Cod ha, Val Longo, Vargeas, VeiloZo, Villa-Nova de Fqfcoa, Villar-Mayor. Concelho, dt Carapito,

Pinhel is feated on the Brink of the River of this Name,- winch, running from South to North, enters.afterwards in Coa, three. Teagues to the weftwanbof A l­ meida, and fix. to the north-eaft of the City.of Guarda.. Its.Foundation, is-'com­ monly attributed, to the Furdulos-,. and: its: Charter to King Ajfenjo-Flehriqim, though it does not. appeal' in what:Year this was given : Sane bo. I. granted-it a- - new .Charter, in the. Year 1*189-, 1 finlilar to that obtained by'the Inhabitants of Evora ; in which.it is.declared, That they (hall not be employed in the Build­ ing of any Fortifications, nor pay Collection to the King, but fhall be exempted from this, and from paying die Tribute or Quitom called Porta gem. This Town was anciently very confiderable, ferving as. a. Frontier again it the MoorsT. and af­ terwards againit the Kings of Leon and Cajlile, fo that they could not acquire, the Lands of Riba Coa: And notwithflranding .the Town of Pinhel remained fuf- ficiently covered, King Dennis, would not omit the Improving its Fortifications, but added to them a Caftle of Mafonry in 1312. > Tills Town is inclofed by a good Wall, with fix Towers and as many Gates; which are, xfxeFown Gate,.xhot-ofSmtiagOyffsat.of St. John, that of Marreros, that of Alvacdr, ahd' that o f Mari diva._■ This Tncfofttre con tains. '2.00. Fahiilies, and the Suburbs 300/ divided into fiye Pariihes; Two within the Walls; Which'are, ' . Santa Maria do Cajlellq (an Abby of the Mitre of Vifeu), andlS',Martinbo yaCOm^ menda o f the, Order, of ChrijlJ:: And three extra-mural,, viz.. Santo .Andrew, a-Y ica- rage .and Commenda of the Order, of Chrijl Salvador, a Priory,, in. the, royal Pa-, ttonage; .and the Santijjima.Frindadey a Curacy,, in the TrefentaUOn of Malta-: T h e other public Edifices are a fíóufe o f Mercy, aii Hofpital, and the Convent o f S. Luis!, o f Frandfcan Nims, founded without the WalIs, Anno 1600. ■' The Term o f this Town extends three Leagues in Circuit; dud comprehends thirty Places, many of them with 60 to ,150 Families, and fomewith above 200. Finally, Pinbel is the Capital of, a Cotrei^adn, and the kefidence Of á Corriga ¿or and Juiz deFora, in the Provisoria of Vifeu. ¡Its Arms áre, ári Efchtcheon, with as ^uinasReaes\Úi& royal Arms of Portugal) to the Right, add Pine-tree to the Left, and a Falcon above. ■ -''

Almeida Hands half a League to tire eaftward o f the River Goa, and three from Pinbel, in an exalted Situation which commands the neighbouring Parts. It is generally fuppoièd to have been built by the 'Moors, from whom it was taken in the Year 1039, by King Fernando the Great, as we read in an ancient; Chronicle*, cited in the fecond Part of Monarchia Lufitana ; And as. the Name, of Lalmayds is given it therein, Fr. Bernardo de-Brito conjectures, that ìt .aròfe from the Sig- iiiftcation Of Lalmayds in Morifco being the fame as;Mefa (a Table) in the Portu^ guefe, alluding to its fi rii S eat ,w hie h wasina Field mo ré" nor th Ward, w here the Valley is now called Enxido da Car^a. " : - * . ■ The new Foundation of Almeida is attributed to King Dennis ; and that" the Building of the Caftle vtes fo, is exprefily affirmed by the Chi onologcr, 'Durate Nunes de Lenoni The laid Prince confirmed its ancient Charter, on the fith of November, 1296, a little after gaining the Generality of thè Éàba de Goa-, by which is to be underftood, the Charter which it had before changing its Situation; ; Almeida is one of the beft Garrifons in the Kingdom, as well for its Site as Fortifications, which make it almoft regular: They cpnfiit of fix royal Bulwarks, built with thick Mafonry; and fix Ravelins,, of which that which looks to the River Goa, as hath been faid (at h alf a League|s DKtance) is fo very capacious, as to have in its Center another, a cavalier, the bettér to difcqver all the neigh-. Louring Country ; It is ihrrounded by good FolTes, with a covered W ay, - -and BÌplarlades ; and almoft in the Middle o f the Square, where,is the grèdteft Ele­ vation, Hands its Caftle, celebrated for the Quality o f the W ork, with Magazines Bomb Proof; within the Inclofure are many Wells, befides two Fountains within a Mnfket-ihot. , . , Ì: It contains yyo Families, with only one Pariih;; which is the Vicarage of Nojfa Benkora das CSndeas, built within the Caftle, being a Prefentation of-the Bilhops of Lamego : The other Edifices are a Houle of Mercy, Hofpital, and tlie Convent of Nojfa Senbora de Loreto, of Nuné Lerceirasoi S. Francijco, ! This Town belongs to the Ftoufe of Infantado-, arid the Ouvldor o f Villa-Real enters it in Correi^aon. Its Arms are the royal Efcntcbeon, with a1 Sphere.

Correi^aon da Guar da, , „ v .' Comprehends one City, thirty Towns, and one CoutO; mid hath Guar da for its Capital. L i ^ City. H ■' ■ i ■ Guards. ' / ■ " ", Towns. ■; ! -i ■ ■ ■. Azores, Aheoco da Berra, Bara^al, Cabra, Csjlro-Verde, Ges, Celorico,,Codecciro,■ Co~ vilhana, Folgojitibp, Form, Gouvea, Iarmello, Lagos, Linbares, Loriga, Lourojd, Man- teigas, Santa Mannba, Mello', Ylejyuitella, MiLens,Gliveirinhs,][Seixo,'S. TLomaon,-. Lelbeiro, Lmrozelh, Valazim, Valhelhas, YiUar-Cova. a Goelheira. -, C,oUtO> do Mofeirpel

Guards. At a little Diftahce from the1 Rife - of; the ' R iver' Mondego; > betw en' CiudadrRodrigo to the Eaft, and the Town of Pinbel to the North-eaft, is feated the City of Guards, on Part of the ancient Mountain-tierminio '; known now by '■ ’ ' the ' S PAIN A N I) P 0 R Is U G A L .-the Name.of Serra da E/ìreUa*, where the Soil hath àn Afperity uncommon to A. A-Plains, as this Bands. on : T o the Weft it is fepardted from the higheft Part of ■ the Mountain, by a Breach made by the RiverM óndego, which leaves.it with a , Tufficient Eminence ih reipeót .to the neighbouring Grounds. It was founded . by,King Sancbo I, who gaVe it its Charter on the 26th.of N ovem ber, 1199; and it took'its :Name from'a Tower, commanded to be built by the Paid Prince fora \ / Look-oUt, which in.thofe Timés was called G uarda (òr a Guàrd.) Although it ■. ■ . V is a healthful Situation"'all the Year, yet in White fi t is fo difagreeabie, as to in- : ■ duce thè principal Inhabitants to retii-e from-it to their Country Seats^ and'the ./Bifhpps to change their BthAtnce idr Cajlro-Branco, which1 is a Very noble VÌI-,’ ' A dage in the fame Bifhopric., Its Circuit is With Walls of Mafoiiry, accompanied ; A with feveral. Towers ; and? in the higlieft Part of thy City, fhere. is yet feen" a r Calile, wliich occafioned it to be refpectedfin. ancient Times. : ,.-7..,'; '7- ' ’A; ; When it was'Erit founded, it belonged to particular Lords: As the Earl Don ' '\b Fernando, who is termed'Lord of G u a rd a, in',a Donation of King. Sane ho I, made " , 1, Yo the Monaftei-y ofYd/Kei/tf, Aftno 1202 : iNfifanuary of the fiicceedingYhmj T ' ~ ' .was in the Power of Pedro Fiegas de T a verts, ‘ as1 appears from another .Writing, l - 1 of the Paid Monaftery. In the Reign of Kh\g\Manoel, it was erected into a Duke^ , dom, in Favour of the Infante Don. Feimandol one of his Sons; on whofeDeath, .Without;$ueceftion, rit reverted to and was again incorporated in the Crown, , The epifcopal Dignity hath been annexed to the Church of G uarda ever linee the Reign of King. Sancbo I, _ where it was transferred from the City of Idanba ; arid for this Reafon its Biihops preferve to this very Day tkeTitle oiEpifcopiEgi- tan ien fes, a Brief from Pope Innocent III. haying been Obtained for this Change : From' hènce Pome Authors infer a total Deflxuftipn at the Paid Time of Idanba-, but this is, a falfe Conjedture, for the aforefaid Monarch trutkèd it with the Order of the Pem plarS) on, theyth Q Ìfifu ly , 1199, which was fpur Months pre- Monarch, fd; vious to his granting; the Charter to G u a rd a, without appearing in the. mean ‘ wm‘ ** while, fhat it .was either taken, b.y the M oors, or ftiftered any other Mìfchànce. . . This Church is Suffragan to, the Archbiiliops of Bajl'-Lijbon, wKo were ac-. knowledged for Metropolitans before expediting the golden Bull, of which I have fpoke in' other Places l Its firft Biihop was called Don fila r tinbo, who died in 1228 j from whomfinciulive) are reckoned1 fifty,.to the Year 1734;. ■ This Bifhopric extends thirty thre^ Leagues in Lengthy and thirteen in Breadth j and hath in its Jurifdìétion ‘two hundred and fixty Pariihcs, : divided . into feven Diftrifts, v i z . ' that of the City of G u a rd a , - called the Diitridt o Ì A r o ; the Archprieitries of Gelorico, Covilhana, Penamacor, Mmfantc, Càjìello-Branco, and xhtOuvidoria of Abrantes. ~ - 1 t ^T7 - ,>"■ Its Chapter is computed of feven Dignities ; that is, à Dean, Chanter, School-; mailer, - Archdeacon of B a g s , chief; Treafurcr, and the Archdeacons of Calorico and C ovilhana j of twenty two Canons and four Half-Canons,: with the fame Number of Chaplains. ;l •' ,/ v ■ bA A ''■■■ 1 -V'.r'. - - 7 This City contains 7201 Families,: among" which are feveral very noble * mid' ! are divided into five Pariihes, v i z . the Priories of the See (calledde Prim a)'j of .■ N o jf a Srubora do. M ere ado:, .óf S e Vuente'd S\ Pedro, jànd S à n tia g o y the fo u rfiift inr . the Collation of the Ordinary, and the laft a royal Patronage: The other pub-A lie Buildings, befides the Cathedral (which is a fumptuous Edifice) and the A . Churches mentioned, are the Houle of Mercy, Hofpital, and two Convents ; one of F ra n cifca n Friars, founded in 12 r7, and the other: Nuns of the farne ■' 'Order. L. ; .7- L 7 Ai; A AVAbYT'yYW .A /-'Ab ych a -A,.-7'Aa Y:A'.:.''7ì7;; '.A ' A y 7'A - l Finally, this City is the ¡Capital o f the Correi$aon, ■ and the ordinary Refidence of a Corregedor and of a Ji/iz de Forai ■ -

Y ol.TI. r ' 2'A Cor- . I) IS 8 E RTATIO N S on

.Correction tie Cajldlo-BrancO, V ' Is compofed of twenty two Towns, this of Capllo-Branco being die Head. Towns. . Alpedrinba, Malaya, Belmonte, Bempojla, Capllo-Branco, CapUo-Novo, Idanba a Nelba, Tdanba a Nova, Monfanto, Benagafáa, Petiamator, Proenpa'a Vélba, Bofma- ninbal, Sabugal, Sahaterra do Extremo, Sar zedas, Segura, Sortelba, fmiro, $. Pícente, Villa-Velba de Rodao, Zibrdra. . .

Capllo-Branco. In that Part of:the Province of Beira, which looks, towards Spanijh Ejlrémadur 'a, between the Rivérs of Banjul and PcreZd, fiands the Town o f Caplk-Branco, at a little more than three Leagues Diitance from the 'Tejo, On examining fbme Remains of the Romans,' wllich are found in its W alls and Neighbourhood, feveral Authors have "concluded, : that it was founded on the Ruins o f Cajlrti; Lenca, in the‘fame marineras Leída was from Collipo, And, what we. learn certain from Hiftory, is, that this Place was a very considerable one in the Reign of King Sancho II; for in: the Year 1229, tins Prince confirmed, to the Mailer o f the jemplars, the G ift which he had made them of this Town. In it are {lili feen two W alls, one o f them more ancient than the other, as is 'the Caitle; and the néweft built by King Dennis, in which are feveral Towel's, and four Gates, vis. that of Santiago, that- o f Peíame, :that of Brahyaon, and that of Ouro. On the Erection of the Order of Chrijl, to which the Eilates of the Tmplars in this Kingdom were given, the Lordfiiip o f Capllo-Branco 'pailed among them to the faid Order, which enjoy it to this Day. ■ 'd; This Town contains 1230 Families, in two Pariihes; that of the Invocation o f Santa Maria, which is within the Cattle; and that of the Archangel S', M i­ guel, without the Walls; both collegiate Churches of the Order of Chrijl, each with its Viciar, five Benejiciados, and a Treafurer: The other Edifices areaHoufe of Mercy, two Hofpitals, and two Convents; one 6f Capuchins, of the Province daPiedade, founded in 1562, eaftward/without the W alls; . and the other of Fe­ male Hemlits,' of St.Auguflin, of which they took Polfeifion in 1.^26, having been till then, of clauilral: Franc ifcan Friars.: Here is fikéwife a fuperh Palace, eredted by Don Nuno de Noronba, in which the Biiliops of Guarda' refide for the W inter Months, as they commonly fpend them: here. '■ ‘ / ■ Cajiclk-Branco is the Capital of a D iftrift,; and the Seat o f á CorregedoY, Prd- vedor, and a Juiz dé Fora; the firft ferving'alfo as Ouvidór of the mílitáry Order of-Chrijl. ■ - 1 ; " In the Campaign of 1704, as King Peter II. had entered into the'grand Al­ liance in May, -the preceding Year, this Town was attacked mid taken- by the Troops of King Philip V; though quitted again in a very ílibít Timé. 1 -”1; :

Penamacor is feated on an Eminence,. in a nigged Situation, threei Leagues to ; the - north-weft' of Monfanto, . and twelve to the foilthward of the, Town: and Fortrefsnf Ahneidar,. being a. Frontier to Spanijh Ejlremadura, fromawhofe Bor- dera ibis a, little more ,than two /eagues Diitance, ItsEonndation was. in /ie^ Time of King Sancho:I i forin .the.Chapter vtirich he grantedate in the Year ]iT8.9;: (when-he gave á-new one to Pijih.d) [ lome'; iubferibing Perforis ^declare: that fhey. then begun to be peopled. - ’’ /_ S.c '*;=■, //■ ;:-• .. / ' ¡v/r-n . T his is tile principal "Fortification in dower Beira,\coniifling :,of five: Bulwarks. and three demi Bulwarks; befides tiie Cattle, which {lands on the grcaixtt Height/ towaM.stbe South, in.aj-peky.-.Situation,: fufficiently.capacious,!..-¿rid;commonly deemed ftrong; as it not only commands theihther. W o r k / :brit áUthé'iiéighri; bouring Country. Yet I mutt fay once for all; and that on- good Authority, that d/the Fortifications pf Portugal, are at prefeht yeryindefenfible; as thernoí/óí1 ' them i

S P À ît v A x d ■ iP :0'îi*^ U G A l . theta. ate Buildings after the antique Manner; arid tile few modern biles have been left unrepaired from the Damages they received in the long War, by Time, or the late Earthquakes : I riras favoured with the Sight of molt of their Plans; by a Geritl'étaan who ‘does Honour to his ProfcJhon* and who pointed out to me the Improvement which might be made iri fevëral o f them from their advanta­ geous Situation ; but X fear the Expence would be'too great for his nloit Faith- ful Majdfy^s Financed toTiipport. The Foundation of this Çaftle is attributed to D on Galdim Poes, Méfier of the Order of Knights ‘Templars, Thé Town.contains 1050 Families, divided into three Pariihes, viz, the Prio­ ries o f Santa Maria and S. JPedrç, 'and the Vicarage o f Santiago: Befides whîçh Churches, here is a Hbufé of Mercy, ail Hofpital, and d ¿on ventof: Capuchfas, of the Province da Sokdade, built to tlie weihv.ard, without thé Walls. It was ereftéd into an Earldom by King Ajfonjb V, in Favour o f Don Lopo dc MbuqUerquei whb having engaged in’ a Confpiracy againft King John II, ; He was forcedJto fly thé Kingdom; Its Arms are, a Sword and a Key. ^.

A

ÇHÀP;

1 ' Jp IS S E R T A T I O N S o ti r;

C H A Pi

r>efcriptìm j 6f thePrmìrice 6f % ?ii&m sÀ^fi:^

, ' i ' 1 . ’ ■ - ■ ■ ■ "■ .l j 'X !■ I1» ’ ' v ' 1;’

^T^HIS is. the fourth Province of-.the Kingdom, cpunting 'from.the-^ortii *: ^ and is the moft remote from the frontiers of Sjaihy' the/otHersLferving-.as ' a Barrier to it. It, joins on the North and faft widitlie.Prov^ice'of Pefra, to the South with that of Aleritejo,. audits weitern Lim its ‘ aro -term inated ‘b y the - cidental Ocean-. ‘ Some Geographers affign it thirty iimé.Lcaghes in ^ n ^ j and eighteen in Breadth; others dimhhihthefeMeafures confiderably, count mg only thirty three Leagues from North to South,, and fifteen from Bail to Wefi. ; It takes the Name o f Ejlremadura from the Cuftom the Kings of Lean, had, in reckoning the Conquefts they made in this Kingdom, during the Moorifb Do­ minion in Spain., determining them according As their Proximity was ; to the River Douro: And as the Lairds of this Province were the moft diftant from it, they had the Name impofed o f Extrema Durii, as the furthermoft Territory from the River Douro ; in the fame manner as King Affonjo the Great. called the Lands o f Bnire-Douro and Minbo, Extrema Mimi, by réafpn of their lying the fartheft from the River of that Name. This Province is tut from Bait to Weft by the River Lagus ; which, after forming at Lijbon] that vaft and fecure Port for Ship­ ping, lofes itfelf in the Ocean, a few Leagues below that Capital. The Soil of EJiremadura is reckoned the moft fertile in Portugal, producing all thofe Commodities which are found feparately in its other Provinces ; abound­ ing in Wheat, Wine, Oil, Millet, Pulfe, Fruits, and all Sorts of Game; as its Coaft does with great Variety of good Filh: Here are likewiie very large Salt- ponds, that contribute rio finali Share to the Commerce thereof; being of a very- good Quality, and confequently in Efteem at foreign Markets. . ’ - The Trade of this Province is the greateft in the Kingdom-; as thereds. con­ curring to make it fo, not only the abovementioned Products, but yvhat ft im­ ports from its Conquefts, and returns thither, as well ó f its own: as foreign Manufactures. A t prefent EJiremadura contains three Cities, with,one hundred and eleven Towns and Villages, belides many fmaller Places o f lefs Note : Formerly it had but two Cities, Lijbon and L eiria ; but thè Separation of the firlt into E a ji and, Wejt, Anno 1716, added another; and the Province now contains a Patriarchate, Archbifhopric, and a Bifhopric. Among the Towns, fome of the chief are, San- tarem, Set nevai, Lbomar, AJenquer, Lort'ei-Vedras, &c. It is divided into eight Jurifdiftions ; the Capitals o f which are, L ijbon ,. Lor- res-Vedras, AJenquer, Lein a, Lbomar, Quretn, Sant arem, and Setuyal : O f which , I fhall fpeak fucceffively, and begin firft with the ; . V

Correiqaon de Lijboa .. ■ ;v\ t- t,, y fcbmprehehds the Cities of W ejl and EaJl Lijbon, with its Difhicts ; in- ! ' which are five Corregedores, diflributed in its chief Wards, beiidcs many other Mimfters of Juftice, as will be feèn in the following Dcfcription. ; ' b ' '

L isbon ,, This City is feated in the wefternmoft Part o f the Province, : in 38 Degrees and 45, or (as fome calculate)- 48 Minutes ■ o f Latitude, } and 9 Degrees ■ ■■ 'and: S P A I X a x n P 0 R T Ü G Ä L.

and 15 Minutes of Longitude, reckoning from the Meridian o f the Ifle do Ferro ; and, previous to the great Earthquake in 1755, its Form was amphitheatrical, fpread very diftindtly on feven Hills, viz. thole of S. Vicente de Fora, Santo Andre, do Cajlcllo, Santa Anna, S. Rogue, das Chagas, and Santa Caihartna : It is extended in an Oblong ftom Eaft to Weft, having; its principal Side faring the South, Upon; the Frink of the River I'agmi which,1 united herewith the Sea Water, makes, one of the largeftnnd fafeft Potts in the World, hißen, including its ^Suburbs, was near-two Leagues long, but its Breadth not half a League in the ^vrideft-Part y fo- that it was net.above fourteen Miles in Circumference-: The City was 'fortified with an oldMoorißs W all, and flanked by feventy feven Towers. ' ‘ -Its Situation Is vaftly delightful,. efperially ftom the Palace and other Pàrts of tire City, Which have a View of CwnPagm ; as it extends to. the .Sea, and is plea- fin gly.dVerfifted with the Pröipcut: o f Towqs, Villas, Caftles, Convents, the . Country, and ..-Fleets of all Nations, continually going out or coming in; be- fides the Variety: of Barks and Boats, conftantly employed in Fifhlng and com­ mercial Affair? on the R ivtr: So that ! am Convinced it is unequalled in thefe Beauties by any Metropolis in Europe.. T h e Foundation of this City is attributed by fome Authors to one of Noah’s Grandchildren, named Elifa j 1 who, coâfting Ionia, Attica, and other Provinces L ofGrCicc, and'fuccefflveiy the greateft Part of Italy, and the Regions now called France and Spain, at laft entèréd the Mouth of the "Tagus, oil whofe northern Bank he began to build it, in the Year of the W orld, 1935, and 278 after the mfiverfal Deluge : From this Founder, they inlift it took the Name of E/ifa, or EHfia 1 and from which in Time was-formed that of Lyjitania, or Lüfitania, which was afterwards extended to the whole Province. About nine hundred Years after, according to the Opinion o f other Writers.; hifion was reftored by Wyffes, who, returning from the Expedition againft Troy to Greece, was carried by Diftrefs and Storms into the Mediterranean ; and, hav­ ing" faffed the Streights of Gibraltar, he coafted along till he arrived at the M outh o f the TWas, where lie entered to feek the City of h ß o n , founded, as I haveTaid, by E/r/k; and, being pleafed with the Beauty o f its Situation, he de- terniined on improving the Place, and gave it the Name of TJlyßza, or Ulyfftpolis, equivalent to the City of Ulyjes: In Procefs of Time this laft was abbreviated, and funk into that of Olißpo ; by which It was known of the Romans, and for fome Time by Felicitas Julia, as appears by the following and many other In- feriptibns of that Age, till the Goths 'altered it to Olißpona, and the Moors to Oli- ftbona ; ■ remaining fixed at laft in Lifiaa, the Portuguefi Name for it : Thefe two Pieces of Antiquity are fupported by feveral Authors ; though there are not wanting tliofe who treat them, as fabulous, at leaft as iinpoflible to be after- tained. ' ' ' 1 ' - - - - ■ '1 - - ■ '■ ’ IMP-- CAES. M, I V L I Oi -, PHILIPP Q. FEL. AVG. P O N T I F. MAX. TRIE. POT. IL . P. l \ CONS. III.-- ■. i F F, L. 1VLIA, OLISIPO.

hlßoti hatH been filcCeffively fubjeft to- féveral1different Nations j asdheTar- detanl, Greeks, Romans, Suevig AIans^ znà Goths i From this laft Dominion it pafled to that of the Moorsp, and! there- remained till the, Reign of Kèm^Affbnfi the'Gredt, who took it in. the Y ear 798 or 803, but loft it again to the Saracens in .811 f it was' reconquered by Qrdonho lift in the Year 950, who, - after plundering it, left it occupied as before: It was again’ taken from Cat Moors, by Äffonfi VI. o f Leon, according to the Chronicle, in the Year 7093, and thenceforward it remained tributary to the faid Prince ; 1 fo that:when h e ■gave Portugal to the E 3xi^:Qi\&nnßei fte likewifdpaffedrhis- Right overttlns City with it; but as V ol. II. F- ' ' L- * 2 B the 94 DISSERTATIONS on the Moors before his Death had rebelled/ the Captivity o f Lisbon continued till the 3 vth of October, 1147, at which Time King Afpnfo-lTenriqucs, aififted by a powerful Clinician Fleet from the North, in their Paflage to the Conqueft or the holy Land, took the City by AiTault, after a Siege o f five Months. During the Dominion of the PortuguefePrinces, this.City was twice befieged by the Spaniard!',, the firft Time, in the Year 1373, in the Reign of King Fer­ nando, and the fecond at the Beginning of the. Government of John I, his Bro­ ther and SucceiTofi but unfortunately for thofe who had undertaken the Enter­ prise: About two hundred Years were elapfed, when Lisbon was furrendered to the Duke o f A h a , charged by Philip II, o f Spain with the Conqueft of that Kingdom, after having put to Flight,- on the Bridge of Alcantara, a few raw and unarmed People; who inconfiderately endeavoured to oppofe his Frogrefs.. . Lisbon was counted, before the late great Earthquake reduced it, one of the. largeft Cities in Europe, as well in its terrene Extent, as in the Multitude of its Inhabitants; which, though I do not find exactly computed in any Author, muft be upwards of 200,000: 'Add to this, the Excellency o f its Port,' the Ma- jefty of its Temples, the Grandeur of its Palaces, the Beauty of its other Build­ ings (all now reftoring), the Ricbneis of its Eftates, the Temperatenefs of its Chute, the. Fertility of its Soil, and the Facility of its Navigation, not only with the principal Parts o f Europe, but to Africa, AJia, and America, -and we muft allow it a Place among the firft trading Cities; for although the Portuguefe Dominion has been greatly curtailed both in Afm and Africa, by the Loffes of their former PofTeliions in thofe' Parts o f the W orld, yet an almoft adequate Re- compencC has been made them in the Brafils, which hath fometimes (though not often) made the Gold to be counted in Lisbon, not by Ounces and Pounds, but by Roves. Among the Glories of this famous Capital, its having-been a Municipium o f the Romans f merits a particular Remembrance; this being one of the greateft Honours to which the provincial Cities afpired, as it habilitated the Inhabitants to pretend to the chief Employs in the Government: Though neither‘this, nor the many other Prerogatives it obtained under the Dominion of foreign Princes, equal the Preeminence of 1 erring as a Court, to the Kings of Portugal, which it hath poifelled ever lince the Reign o f Affbnfo III, but with fome Years Interrup­ tion, when the Cities of Leiria and Ever a, and alfo the Tow n o f Santarem, fhared this Grandeur. Its Charter was given it by King Ajfonfe-Henriques, in May, 1179; he granting it therein great Privileges, and which he amplified, in Re- compence for the Afliftanpe he received from the Inhabitants at taking the City. In regard to Religion, it is afferted that the L ight of. the Gofpel {hone here, even in the Time of the Apoftles, and Was never quite extinft during the Roman Government, nor under the Yoke impofed on it by feveral of the northern Na­ tions and the Moors. The Dignity of the Cathedral of Lisbon is acknowledged to be very ancient, though the exact Time of its Erection does pot. appeal-. The Archbiihop Don Rodrigo da Cunba, in the Hiftory he compofed of tills Church, offers the Rea- fons that occurred to him for affigning to the Martyr, S.Manfos, the Title o f its firft Bifiiop: Under which Suppofitiop, fixty Prelates of this Cathedral are reckoned to tfie Jaif Archbiihop, Dpn foam de Soufa, who died the 29th of Sep­ tember, 17 xo j of winch Number, the firft thirty eight were only Biihops, and of thefe, Don Martinbo was the Iaft, who was thrown from the To.weriof hi$ Cathedral by the enraged Populace, _ A little after thp Death of King ’Fernando,. - v T h e wefrern Part was egedfed mtq q. Patriarchate by; the fame Bull, fearing this new Dignity in the-ancient Church of St. ‘Thomasj which, beftdes fervmg . for a royal Chapel, was,‘ hr the Year 1708, enobled with-the Title of injigne Colie- giada (the illufrxions Collegiate), and changed its firil Name for-that o f Nojjz Senhora da Ajjimfyaoh, but it lias aly/ays continued a royal Patronage: The firil patriarch of this new Metropolis wa_s Don Thomas de Almeida, before Bifhop of Lam ego and of Forte, who obtained at the fame Tim e the Dignity qf Head Chap­ lain united to thp. patriarchal Church, with all the Privileges and Immunities, enjoyed from its. original Inlritption, He hatli for Suffragans, the Bifhops of Lamegc, Leiria-, A,ngra, and Funchal: His Chapter.confifts of the fame Dignities and Canons, as the injigne Cdkgiada o f 1?/. Thomas did, ziz. fix Dignities, eigh­ teen Prebends or Canons, twelve Benefices, and twenty Chaplains: The Digni­ taries are, a Dean, Chanter, Archpriefl, Archdeacon, chief Treafurer, and a Schoolmafler. Tpje other Part of Lisbon, which looks eaflward, remains with the Title of the oriental Archbifhopric ■ and preferves for Suffragans, the Bifhops o f Guarda, Portakgre, Angola, Qape Perd, and St. Thomas. His Chapter confifts of eight Dignities, twenty Canons, four Half-Canons, twelve Quarter-Canons, ten Ba­ chelors, and feveral Chaplains : The Dignitaries are, a Dean, Chanter, Arch­ deacon o f djisbon, Head Treafurer, Archdeacon of Santarem, Schoolmafler, Arch­ deacon of the third Chair, and an Archpriefl. Tfie Inhabitants of both the Parts of Lisbon are divided into thirty feven Pa­ nfries, including the two Suburbs, and in their Diftrifls are thirty five; a Lift of which I have fubfequently noted in alphabetical Order, viz.

, Parishes hi the City and Suburbs: In the firil Place, the Pariih.es of the two Sees, o f the weftem and eaflem Parts o f Lisbon, both dedicated, to Nojja Senhora da Ajjump$aon. fariihes of J fariihes of Santa Andre . Do Salvador Santo Bartbolomeu De Santos Santo Chrijiovaon N .S . do Socorro Santa Cruz do Cajlello Nojja Senhora dos Anjos Santa- Engracta ...... Santa Cotbanna S.Joaon da Pra$a rV. £. da Conccjaon ... y ..b S.Jbfepb: . \ , 'h NS.daEncarnafaon . ■ . ‘ ' Santa Jujla - ' - V. ■ .. S. Eftevaon , ' . S. Mamedc " ,y ^ N; S. Jorge .1 .'-ri : '■ ■ '■ ■ ■ ; ■. ■ Santa Marinha- ■ .1 y, - .7.. - j , jfutiaon ; ■ - h . ■ ,. Nojja Senhora dos Martyres ,\N S. Laurence ; . ■ . ... S. Miguel • ' ; T.' v Santa Maty if Magdalena S. Paulo ■ ; • • , S. Mart who Nojja Senhora da-Pena N, S. das Merers ■_ j p.V. " . D 1 SSERTAT I O NS on Piirithes of . ' ' l PdrifliM of S: Nicolao S. Scbaßiaon da Pedreira S . Pairo S. thome .. , ' ■ Do Sacraménto , . S. Vicente de Fora. Santiago . . :L ■ ' Pariihes in tlic Diftridls : , Nojfn Senhora da Ajudade Beiern ; N S. da Encamacüoú de Æiïeixoeira ■ S. Antonio do Fojal 1 ' ' ! N . S. da Encamacaon da Appilläqaön.,. S . Leur eneo do Arranhol ' , ; S. Pedro de Barquerena . -■ , : , ; TV* 5 . do Amparo de Bonifica S, Bartholomen daCharneca . ' - N r St du Purificación da Encellas ; .1 -\ ' Santiago de Camaratc ■ : " ;■ " iS- Lourcnçû de Cctrmde r S. Efievaon das Gales . • Santa Eyria ; ' L‘_'' ; .S. Saturnino de Fanboens Gallegos ■ - ' S.fiuliaon de Fridlas ' S. Juli don do Foja! 61. Jonen da Falba , ■. 1S. Pedro de Loufa Pequeña _ ■ SVr/tfö Maria de Loures - S. Miguel de Milbarado- ' ■ ' -, S. Joaon Bmttifta do Lumiar N . S> da Purificaci on de Oeiräs O Noms de fifia de Odivellas - Santo Adriaon da Punca Santa Maria dos Olivaes Dòs Reys do Campo Grande ' N . S, da Piedade de S. Quintino' N . S. da Purificación de -Sacävem ■. S. Romaon de Carnacht de N . S. da Purificación da Sapataria' Santiago dos Felbos N , S. da AJfmnpqaon Via Longa S, Scbafiiaoh da Granja S.Sylvefire de XJñbos. -— ------de Alpriate Befides the parochial Churches inthefe Cities, M r Ap. Rhys mentions a little one, built by King fiohn V ’s Queeli, intirely wainfeoted with Ebony, and Co­ lumns of the lame; and the Mouldings of the Entablature, which they fuppOrt, are gilt with Gold: The faid Princefs was interred there, and hath a Monu­ ment created to her Memory. Here are alfo fifty Monafteries, Convents and Colleges (without mentioning feveral Hfipicios, or-HojUliarias, permitted in the prefent or preceding Reign) j o f which thirty two" belong ,to Friars o f different Orders, and eighteen to Nuns, according to the following'alphabetical Lift, given without any Preference.

Monafteries, Convents, and Colleges, m the City of Lisbon z Santo Alberto-, a Convent of Carmelite unfhod Nuns, .founded by the Cardi­ nal Alberto in the Year 1584, and ftands in the Pariih de Santos, Santa Annas a Convent of Nuns, Ferceiras, of die Order of St. Francis, founded by Queefi Katherine, Wife to King John III, in the Yeari 561, for cer­ tain retired Women, who lived1 in the Pariih of St. Bartholomew, clofe to the Cattle: It is in the Pariih of Nojfa Settbora da Pena.. Annunciada; a Monatlery of Dominican Nuns, founded at firlt by King Ma~ nod, in the Situation of Santo Antaon b Velbo, and afterwards moved by King fiolm III, in 1539, to the Place where it now hands, in the Pariih of 5 . fiofepb. Santo Antaon, i$ a'College'of 'fiefimufiAxoie firft Stone was laid in the Year t 579,; and to which the Community removed on the 8 th o f November, 1593, from Santo Antaon 0 Velbo, as Father Baltbafar Felles affigm.s, and not in 15 8.3,1 as Jorge Qar~- dofo:-writes, fpecifying.tbat the Work’ was finiihed in four Years:, The Patron- age of the principal Chapel,, in its fumptuous Church, appertains'tathe'Goun- tefs de Linbarcs, Doima Filippa Je Sa ? !_in -which Chapel M a fs' whs . firft faid on the 3 ift of July,-. 1652. In this College are Chairs for Theology, Philofophy, and Mathematics, with varipusClaftes" for the Latin,-ytyym\icii conducing to the public Utility: In the Pariiliof;'Sodrifi.. ', V f ■ 1 ■' .. Sant? SPAIN and PORTUGAL. 97 ; Satito Antdon o Vélho ; a College of Hermits of St. Àugujìin, bought of the Je- fuits, which they inhabited from the 5th of January, 1542, until their Removal to the new College, on the Sth of November) 1593, as aforefaid; and previous thereto, it had been a Convent of Dominican Nuns, who changed it with the Friars of the Order of Santa..Antaon Abbade, which occupied the Site of the An­ nuncicela.: In the Paridi of Socorro, Santo Antonio dm Capuchos, is' a Convent of Capuchins, of the Provinceo f Santo. Antonia i in whole Church the firft Stone was laid in the Year 1570 : Panili of Nojfa Serihora da Pena. • ri. Bento -, a Monaftery of Monks of the Older of S. Bento, being an extenfive and funiptudus Work,: founded in 1598. It is counted the fecotidof the Order in.Lisbon, by reafon that the College, now callzda.da Bp-dla, was erefted forno Years before, with the Tide of a Monaftery, from which the Friars palled to the new one : In the Pariih de Santos.. Boa Hora 3. a Convent o f Augujlin unfhod Friars, the Time of wliofe Foun- datioii is uncertain ; its Patrons are the Vifcounts of Barbacene: It Hands in the Parlili of S. -Ju/iaon. Erigi das : Tins is a Monaftery of Englijh NunSj of the Order of Santa Bri - gida \ in whole new Church the firft Stone was laid on the 2d of Odio ber, 1651. Thefe Ree infer arrived in Lisbon hi. the Year 1594, and were lodged in the Con­ vent da Edgeran

Salvador ; a third Convent of Domini cun Nuns, which at firft was only a Re* treat, but they took Hie Habit in the Year 1392 : Queen Leonor, Wife to King Jcbn II, fitfiflied the Building, wluch Rands in the Paridi do Salvador. Santos 0 Novo i a Monaftery of Nuns, of the Order of S a n tia g o formerly founded on. the Spot where the parochial Church de Santos 0 Vdho now Rands, and afterwards moved to its prefent. Situation in the Year 1492, tkbugh its firft Settlement of all was in the Town of Arrudc-, it hath' in it a Commend ary, with leverai Nuns and Boarders of the principal Nobility : Is in the Pariih of Santa Engracia. Strinai ; a Convent of Nuns Trina.r, unihod Recollects ; founded In the Year 1657, and begun to be inhabited1 in ródi : Stands in the Pariih de-Santos, - Trindade-, a Convent of Friars of the moft'holy Trinity, which h^d its Begin­ ning in an Hermitage of Nojfa S entera da Abobada, in the Reign of Afbnjo II : The new Convent was begun building in another Hermitage, dedicated to Santa Ca- tbnr 'ma, by Order of the Queen Santa Ifabel/va the Year 12.83 and in tlie.Reign o f King Sebajitan, the firft Stone was laid of a new Church, oil the 25 th1 of March, 1360; It Rands in the Parlili ¿ri Sacramento. S. Vicente ; a royal Monafteiy of regular Canons, founded by King Affhnfo- ' Hehriques, without tiie City Walls in. 1147; and whofe Reedification was begun in a majeftic Manner by King Philip II, in the Year 1582 In the Parifh of S,. Vicente. Xabregas ; a Convent, dedicated to Nojfa Seithera de Jefus de Xabregas, of Tran­ ci jean Friars, and chief of the Province of the Algarves\ it was founded, about eighty Years before the Divifion of the Provinces, in the Palace, which King A f- fonfo V. gave to the faid Community hi the Year 1450: It is feated in the Parifh o f Santa Engracia.

Monafteries and Convents in the Limits of both Cities : In the Pariih of Nojfa Senhora da Ajudai Belem ; a royal Monafiery of Monks of St. Jerom, dedicated to Nojfa Senhora de Bekm.\ founded by King Manoel, in;the Beginning of hjs Reign, and in the Place called Rajlello, where there was an Hermitage, with the. fame Appellation, built by Direction of the Infante Don Flenrique^ Son to John I, and given to the Friars of the military Order of Chrijl^ for the Adminiftration of the Sacraments in it to the firft Difcoverers : But as this Hermitage had the,Title of a Com­ mendano, King Manosi exchanged it with.thofe of the faid Order for the Church of.Nojfa Senhora Ja Concd$aqn of LiJbony which was originally a Synagogue; in its vaft, noble, and fumptuous Temple, are fqeix the Tombs of feyenfl Kings qnd Pripces, of the Blood. Calvario ; a.Convent o f Francifcan Nuns, founded in the Year 1600, by D,on Violante de Noremba} and Iris I)2AighterDonn%MariaMagdale?ia. Flamengas ; a Convent of unftiod Frandfcan Nuns, withi thè Title of Nojfa Sen­ hora da Vyictagaonj who foRow the primitive Rule of Santa.Clara,: It was founded, as feme Records, expreis, m 1586, by. Order o f K ing Philip II, for. the Reception of. fame Nuns, of the. Monaftery of - Santa, Clarari o f Ann)prs, in,the Dukedom,of Brabant, who had fled to this Kingdom from thePerfecutionof tftCaiviniJls. Bom Succefso -, .a, Convent of Jrijh Dominican. Nuns3. founded 'Ft the Y egt i ba 6, and reduced:to a.Cloifture_in;i% 9* 1 In the Pariih of Nojfa Senbór do Ainparo-ds/Bemjica^ S\ Domingos de Bemjica1 is a royal Convent o f Dominican Frkr-s;; foUnded-Ìn the, ancient Palace. wlp.ch KXngjohn I* gave them for,.this Building! at the In- ftance of Doftor Joann das Regras, as he expreflesrih the Deed of Gift, made on the 22d of May% 13 9 9 , On the 29th of Odober, in the faipe Year, the King took the SPA I X AND P O R T U G A L. i d i the Convent undeiTiis.Prote£tion,who give to it the Title ol: a royal Foundation; though in the Epitaphs o f the aforefaid Do£tor, he hath alio the Title of a Foun­ der:. K ing John II..very much increafed its Rents, giving it the % inta, which is called, of the Iflands near to Ericeira, in the Year 1487. The Church that at prc- ■ fen t ex ills, is a Fabric o f left Antiquity, as the firfi: Stone of it was laid in July,: 583. .Cosroakcenga; anciently an l'lojliUaria, . and' now a Gqardianfhip of Friars, of the Province of Santo Antonio; the Tim e of its Foundation uncertain. In the Pariih of San Lourtmp de Car aide, Nofsa Sen bora da L u z ; a Consent o f Friai's o f the military Order o f Clonfi, founded where the Hermitage flood; which Pedro Martins dedicated to Nofsa Sen-' shorn da.Luz, in a thankful Acknowledgment for her having miraculoufly deli­ vered him from a ModriJJi Captivity, in the Year 1463 : King John III. gave, this Hermitage to the aforefaid Community,, to build them a Convent, in 1545;' and the Infanta Donna Marta, Daughter to King Maucel, greatly beautified this Edi­ fice, with its fumptuous chief Chapel, which fhe ordered to be built in 1575, anfi which fhe fdefted for her Sepulchre'. Santa Fherefa; a Convent of unihod Carmelite Nubs, of tvhuch they took Pdf- feffion on. the 25th of March, 1642: It had for its Founder, tlie. Lady Donna Mt- chaela-Margarida, Daughter to the Emperor Rodolfo Ii; who there lies buried j the Ground for this Building was given by Antonio-Goifierda Matt a, Poftmafter- general of the Kingdom, who alfo endowed it with.fome Rient. In .this Convent, Donna Marla, Daughter to King John IV, was brought up, and hath there her Sepulclirfi) here alfo Donna Lmfa, Daughter to King Pedro II,. received her Edu­ cation, who was engaged in a fecond Marriage with the Duke Don Jay me, .Son to Don Nuno Alvares Pereira de Mello, Duke da Cadaval, and died In 173 2. Carmelitas Defealgos, is a Convent of unihod Carmelite Friars, and hands at a little Diitance northward of Nofsa Senhora da L u z ; founded by Donna Maria,. Daughter to King John IV, fome Time in the laft Century. Nofsa Senhora da Conceigaon, is a'Convent of Nuns with the above Appellation, built in Front of that called Nofsa Senhora daLuz, abovementioned; it was erected by Nuno Barreto Fuzeiro, in his Houfe and Garden, and which he endowed with fufficient Rents. In the Pariih of Nofsa Senhora da Apprefentagaon de Oeiras, Cartura; a Monaitery of Monks of S.Bruno, with theTitle of Vallis Mifencordia* In the Pariih of Menino Jefus de Odivellas, Odivellas; a royal Mo nailery of Berhardine Nuns, founded byKIng Demis in the Year 1294, and endowed by him with the higheil Magnificence’; lie died on the 7th of January, 1325, and hath a Monument for him in the Church, where he lies Buried. ■ ' - In the Pariih oPS. JoaanBautiJlado Lumiar, 1 , Nofsa Senhora da Porta do Ceo-, a Convent of Francifcan Friars, Of the Province' of Portugal, feated in Filhetras; founded' by a Prince of Candia, on the Ifland of Ceylon, who came from thence .to this Kingdom". . ' , In the Pariih of Nofsa Senhora dos Olhaes, . Ghellas;. a-Monafieryof regular CmonsywhofeChumhis dedicated to the glo­ rious Martyrs, St. Fr//* and St. Adrian;. Many Authors affirm,;that, its Seat was 1 anciently ail Habitation of. the Vejlales, . though this. is deiiitute of Proof; and . what I can only find certain, is, that it ferved for the fame Purpofe as,now (though itrddes: not appear what Order the Poifeifors were of), in'riife-Reign of King SimiTw-1, as is Teen by a W riting in 1192 : 111 the Reign o f fffonfo Ilf, Anno iz jt, it was a Convent of Nuns, which' is collected fronv.another Writing of this Year, kept in the Ferre do Fomho. ‘ 1

V o l. II. ' f'D 'S. Bento 102 D I S S E Rf A T I C) N S o x S. Bento de Xabrcgos, is. a Convent of fecular Canons of St. John the Pvaiige^ lifts whofe Site was given to the Order by King Affonfo V, 'in the Year 1456: It is; the Head of this Congregation in Portugal> which changed the Name o f SvSaL vador do Pillar de Prades for that it now bears, in Contemplation;of Queen V/k. bel3 a great Devotes of this Apoftle’s, and Prote&refs of the Congregation: The new Church Was built by.1 the venerable Father, Antonio da Qmceijaon, who died in the Year 1602. 1 : Nojfa Senbora da Cmceifam do Monte O livets3 a Convent of unihod Augnjlin Friars, founded by Queen L u iza , Wife to King John IV 5 and, in this Edifice, Affonfo VI. laid the firft Stone on the iyth ofA iby, 1666. ■ . \ Santo Agoftinho; a Monaftery of unihod Auguftih Nuns, which is likewife a Foundation of Queen Luiza, who lies, buried here3 the firft Stone was laid by Don Pr. Domingos de Gufmaon, Archbiihop oi Evora, fomt Time in jaft Century. Marvilla3 a Mo nailery of Portuguefe Nuns o f: Santa Brig; da y founded on the 1 Sth o f March, 1660, with tire Invocation of Nojfa Senbora da Gonceicaon, by Per- nacn Cabral, Archdeacon of Lijbon3 and it was firft peopled from the Convent of the Png lift Brigidas at Mocambo. S. Cornell03 a Convent of Capuchin Friars, of the Provinceof ArrabiJa, In the Pariih of Santiago de Camarate, Nofta Senhora do Soccoro -3 a Convent of fiiod Carmelite Nuns, which, having been a Vicarage of this Order, was made a Priory in the Year 1608. In the Pariih of Nojfa Senhora da Puriftcaqaon de Sa cavern, Nofsa Senhora dos Martyres 3 a Convent of Capuchin Nuns, of the primitive Rule o f Santa Clara, branded by Miguel de Moura, Secretary to K ing Sebaftian, in the ancient Hermitage bearing the aboveiaid Title: Built by Command of Affonfo- Henriques, in thankful Acknowledgment for a Vidtory which he gained in this Place over the Moors, In the Pariih of Santa Maria de Loures, EJpirito Santo3 a Convent of Capuchin Friars, of tire Province of Arrahida, founded in the Year 1575. In the Pariih of Nofsa Senhora da Afsumpcaon de Via Longa, Nofta Senbora dos Poderes 3 a Convent of Nuns, of the third Order of St. Francis, founded by Don Brites de Caftello-Branco. Thefe Convents are followed by fome Churches, adminiftered either by Priefts o f one of the Orders of the Kingdom, or by fecUlar Priefts j fuch as follows. Conceicaon 3 a Collegiate of Nofsa Senhora da Coticeiqaon, appertaining to the Order of Chrift 3 founded by King Manoel, in the Place where there had been a Synagogue, and given to the aforefaid military Order, in Exchange for the Her­ mitage of Nofsa Senhora de Belem, as hath been remarked in fpeaking of that Mo- naftery: It ftands in the Pariih of Nofsa Senbora da Conceicaon. Chagas, is a Church which was opened for the firft Tim e in the Year 1542, ferving ns a Pariih to thofe of the Navigation to India, and is annexed to S. John de Later an; In the Pariih of Nofta Senhora da Pncamagaon. Loreto3 a Church of Nofsa Senhora do-Lorefo, magnificently built- by the.'jh?- bans who traded to L ijb o n and annexed to S. John de Later an, by Pope LeoX. j it ferves as a Parochial to the Italian Nation,' and is iubjedt to "the'' apoftolic Nuncios: It ftands in the Pariih of Nofsa Senhora da Pncarndcaon. '■ . - ■ 1 1 . .Among the feveral great Monuments of Charity, which are feen in LUboir, the Houfe of Mercy and the royal Hofpital have the Precedence: Though:here are’ many other Hofpitals and.ftetreats, which, .for1 Brevity fake, I ifiall avoid men­ tioning, . ' ■' ' '-Fr" ' '.'V,,,- "

Cafa ■ Cafa d a M frica r dia, is a Foundation of King Matiod’s, and the fi rii which Was inftkuted in the Kingdom: The Table of this Houle’s Brotherhood (of which one of the principal Lords of the Court is always Prove dor) hath the Di­ rection of the royal Hofpital, by the Dilpofition of the Cardinal Don Henri que, ' when he governed the State during King Sebafiiarís Minority. Mr; ap Rhys fays, p, that this Houfe ’conftantly breeds up fix hundred Boys, and one hundred and fourteen Girls, giving each Sex a proper Education, and afterwards fettles them in Life; extending;the Charity to.the Relief of P/doners, ranlbming of Cap­ tives, affiiting decayed Families, ,G?¿\ . Hofpital Real, was founded by 'John II ; but it owes its ultimate Perfection to K ing Mdmel, who granted it. great Privileges, and endowed it with large Rents, .And a s Lifion is majeftlc in its Temples, it is not lefs lb in its other Edifices, in. which the Grandeur of a City cònfifts ; and, amongil them, the following merit a particular Attention. 1 P a p , or the Palace, was, till ruined by tire Earthquake,, a vait, commodious; and majeitic Edifice, on the Banks of the-River Tagus, and was for foroe Tim e called from its Situation; the Palace da Ribeira; it is the \Vork o f King-Mbso?/, which lie moved to from the ancient Palace of À lca cò v a It ierves for the Refi- dence of the Kings of Portugal, as alfo. for the Seat of feveral Councils and Tribunals of the Kingdom; the Part of this fuperb Building which looks eail- ward, elpecially the Gallery and Pavilion (called the Fort), was ere tied by Order o f Philip ÍI. o f Spain, under the Dlreòlìon o f the famous Architect, Philip Terzo. Pacos da Alcagova, or the Palace o f Alcacvua ; a Palace, fituated within the Calile o f Lipon, built by King Dennis, who till then refided in the fame Manner as Ills PredeceiTors had done in the, Palace that now Ierves for the Court o f Re­ ports and a Frifon : This of Ale agon a continued the royal Habitation until the Reign of King 'Mdmel, and now belongs to the Marquiffes of Capaes, as A l­ caides mores, or Lords Lieutenants of Lijbon. . “ Pagos dos Eßaos, is feated to the W eft, in the Square of Rodo ; and now ferves for the Refidence.of the Inquifitors-gèneral, who here hold the Tribunal of thè Inquifition. Corte Real,. Or the royal Court, is a grand Palace, and of fine Ardiitefture ; built alfo on the Banks of the River Tagus, at a little to the wellward of that o f da Ribeira : It was inhabited by Peter II, both before and after his afeending the Throne; and hath been fince occupied by Ms moil Serene Highnefs the In­ fante Don Francifco. Pago, or Palace da-Bempoßa, is a modern Building, feated in the Field of Santa Barbara ; arid begyn by the m oil Serene Lady Donna Catharina, Queen Dowager of England, and Widow, to King, Charles 11 : It belongs at prefent to her Nephew, the aforementioned Infante Don Francifco. T o theíe. royal Edifices, may be added the Houfes of different Noblemen an d , . other Gentlemen ; which are built with fo much Regularity and Coil, that they would defervedly obtain the Names of Palaces, if this Title was as currently given- to theHoufes of Particulars in U fo n , as-it is- at. io me; other Courts o f Europe^

This City is likewife the Seat òf the 'principal Tribunals of the Kingdom^ tA a , the Council of State, the Council of War,, thzDefitnbargo do Pago, , the Court of Requefb, the Table of Confciénce, the Trealury, tlie Ailembly of the three States,, the Tribunal dos Cantos, thè ultramarine Council, the Queen’s Council, the Council of the’Houfe of Infantado, thaf of the Houfe of Eraganza, the T ri­ bun al of the Inquifition, the Tribunal of the Cuilöms, . of the /«¿Fy-houie, of the Cuftpmhoufe"of the Tobacco, the Tribunal of tisefruzada arid o f many others o f lefs Note, as may be feénin their proper Places., The i ç>4 DIS S E RT A T I " The particular Government of the City depends on the Senate; which is com- pofed of a Prefident (always a. Perfon o f the fir ft Quality) ;; fix Defembargadores, with the Title of Vereadores, and feveral other fubaltem Minifters.; Lisbon at prefent being divided into two Metropolifes, th ere‘are accordingly two-Senate Hoüfis in it; one in Wef-Lisbon,^ feated on. the North-of Roçio Square ; and the other in EajLLisbon,. in .the Ward o f the See, near"to Santo Antonio, which is the ancient Senatej and where 'the fame Minifters difpatch but on different Days, for the better Expedition of Bufmefs. The Security o f Lisbon, on theXand Side, co.nfifts ;in the Number o f its In­ habitants of whom it is eaJyto.form a ¿onfiderable Body, to. join the Troops which.are there in Garrifon, ! KingFfryWi>;inclofed: it with itrong W ails; in which are ievfenty feven Towers, and thirty fix: Gates ; fixteen o f them on the. Land Side, and the other twenty to the Sea; To.which mu if be added, .the De­ fence afforded by. the Caille, feated on the Top of'a Mountain, which commands; the City and Suburbs. . In Procefs o f Tim e this City is fo much-increafed, efpe-< dally to the weftward, that its ancient Walls; now ferve fo rd ' D idiion o f ithe tvvo Diocefes. - . ■ ' ; O n the Sea Side, at two Leagues to the eailward o f the T ow n oîCafcacs, pud three from the City of Lisbon, are two Fortreifes, to defend tl(eEntrancé’of the Pur, whole Cannon crofs each other; thefe. are,'- that o f St. Juliaon, commonly, called S. Giaon; and that of S. Lourenço, or the dry IftW , named alfo by thé V ul­ gar, the Lorre no Bogio. ■ The Foit of St. Juliaon is feated to the; North, on a live Bock, beaten by the Sea, with an irregular Fortification, as it is built according'.to the Form of the Rock; It conflits of five irregular Bulwarks, with a Ravelin, on the Land Side, and feveral low Batteries to the Sea, well furniflied with.Artillery; and for th e1 yet greater Security o f the Place, it was fome Years ago .'intended to extend the Inclofnre on the Land Side, to the taking in o f the Spot, called .the jdrgueiraen, that may ferve it as a Sconce. It was büilt in the Minority o f King SebaJUan, by Direction, o f the Cardinal Don Henri que, who afterwards càme'to the Throne. In Front o f this Place, foutherly, is feen the Fort oî'.S: Lourènço, Xeàted on. tlte Point of a ihallowSand, which, remaining difeovered at lo.w W ater,is there­ fore called the dry Head, as before mentioned : It is of à circular Figure; and, although it occupies but little. Room, it has good Batteries, both high and' low;, with a fufficient Garrifon, ' . ■ ■ Between thefe two Batteries lies the Bar o f Lisbon, divided in to two Channels by a rocky Bank, with the Name of the Gacbofos.; which, beginning.at"a Muiket- ihot from the Fort of S, ‘Juliaon, runs for above a League to the Squth-fouth- weit ; The Entrance to the North, is between the Cachcfos. and the ToWer of S, Juliaon, being called from its Narrownefs, the Corridor or Gallery, which ought not to be attempted, but with a fair Wind and Tide ; The Entrance to thé South, is betwixt the ïdiàCachopos and the Tower, o f S. Lourènço,y called1' the Channel of Alcaçona, being much wider than thé other. i . .. At two Leagues from the Fortrefs of S, Ju liaon and one -northward- from the City, is the Tower of Belem, built two hundred Paces into the Xogus-, which, befides defending the Entrance;^ thé City, Tervçs alfo to regiiler all Embarka­ tions, and hath its high and low;Batteries, with a good Garrifon :.„It is the W ork o f King Munoel, who called it the Tower of S, Vicente, S . : ‘ '' i - ' This Tower, to thé Soutli, cOn‘eiponds .with that of Sifehafiaon, commonly called the old one; of wliofe Plan, Garcia de Refende is fuppofed to bé theAu- thOr, in the Chronicles of John II: ,If is fituated-dn the Declivity o f a M°untam and although it follows the; Irregularity .of thë;Grouhd, i it hath liotwithifand- ing feveral Batteries, above and below, which crofs. withrthofe.of tHelTo'wer 'of Belem. ' ' ■ ■ 1 : ■ ': C ' The SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. I05

,The Alcaidaria trior, or Lieutenancy o f Lisbon, appertains to the Houfe of the Marqurfles of Gafcaes, by Grant from King Durate, made to one o f their Anceftors, named Don Alvaro de Cajiro; afterwards created the fir it Earl o f Mon- fanto, by King AJfonfo V. Its Arms are a Ship, with two Crows, one at the Head, and the other at the Stern; in Memory (as it is faid) of tranilating the Body of the Martyr St. Vincent from the facred Promontory1 to this City, in the Tear 1173, and. in the Reign of King AJfonfo - Hen riqiies, ■

Correiqaon de "Torres Mzdra$y Confifts of eighteen Towns, of which Lorres Vedras is ch ief; it is hkewife Ca­ pital o f the Diftrift, instead of Alenquer, as will be noted in its Defcrlption. T owns* Alban dr a, Alverca, Arruda, Leilas-, Cadaval, Cafcaes, Cafanheira, Childr os, Col­ lates, Enxara dos Cavalleiros, Ericeira, Lourinhana, Mafra, Povos, Sobral de Monte Agraqo, Lorres Vedras, Villa-Franca de Xira, Villa Verde,

Lorres Vedras is feated feven Leagues to the North o f Lisbon, in a low Situa­ tion, and encompaffed with Mountains, but very abundant in all Sorts of F ru it; It is‘one of the moil ancient in the Kingdom (though the Year of its Founda­ tion does not appear), as the Name o f Lurres Veteres, which it had in the Times o f the Suevi and' Goths, indicates; which, with fome Corruption, was changed into that of Lorres Vedras, Having been fubjedted by the Moors, it was recon­ quered by King Affbnjo-Henriques, between the Years 1148 and 1154; in which Monarch. Lu- Interval he alfo became Matter o f Qbidos, Alenquer, and other Lands : In 1184, liyho^pC^- it was aiTaulted by Miramolim, after his Defeat at Santarem-, but the Inhabitants defended themfelves with fo much Valour, as obliged him to defift from the En­ terprise. Several of the Queens of Portugal obtained the Seigniory of this Town; and efpecially Santa IJabel, among many, other Eftates which King Dennis granted her. Lorres Vedras was anciently encompalTed by good W alls, with three Gates, ibid, which are ft ill preferved; viz. that o f Varzea, that of Corredoura, and that of Santa Anna: To the northward runs the River Sizandro, crofted by,five Bridges, for the greater Conveniency of the Town. Geographers vary much in the Num­ ber of. its Inhabitants ; fome making them only 400 Families, whilit others in- creafe them to Soo: Here are four parochial Churches, viz. Santa Maria do Caf- iello, San Pedro, Santiago, and S. Miguel 3 the two firlt are royal Patronages, and the lait in the Gift of the Abbots of Alcobaca, The'other, public Edifices confift in a Houfe of Mercy, Hofpital, and three Convents : That of Nojfa Senhora da Graqa, with Hermits of St.AuJUn, removed hither in the Year 1544; that of Santo Antonio, at firft poffeffed By Prancifcan Friars of the Province of Algarve, and now by apoftolic Miilionaries, commonly called o f Varatojo, from the Village with this Name juft by, it was founded by King AJfonfo V, in 1470; and that of Nojfa Senior a dos Anjos, o f Capuchin Arrabides Friars, rebuilt in. its prefent Situation in the Year 1595. ’ This Town gives the Title of an Earl; and the firft who bore it was Don Joaon Soares de Alarcaon e Mello; who was alfo the firft Marquis, of Lrocifal, by Favour o f YCm% Philip III. o f Caftile, Being the ninth Lord of the Houfe of Lorres Ve­ dras ^ and its Alcaide mbr. This Lordfhip, which appertained to the Family of the. Soares, fell to that of the Alarcaons, by the Marriage of Don Joaon de Alar­ caon with Donna Mar gar Ida Spares de Caftro, Daughter to Gomez Soares de Mello, Chief of ;tHe 'Houfe of Lorres"Vedras, who was Repflelro mbr to King Ajfpnfo V i ft Rtia^aon Gc- Was the fame Don Joaon, who built the Caille in this Town, and the Houles' e^drTm- w]iich‘ his Heirs poiTefled, till they embraced the C'dfilian Party, . .

V o l. II. * 2 E ’ The io6 DISSERTATIONS on

The J uriFdidtion of this Town is fuppofed to contain above 3000 Families, diitiibuted in nineteen Parilhes, It is the Refidence of a Corregedor, Prove dor, and Juts! de Fora; Its particular Government confifts of three Fere adores, a Pro- curador of the Council, Efcrivaon of the Chamber, and other Minifters. A Defcription of the Convent and Paiaqe of Mafra. N ear to the Town of Mafra, in the Cotrei^aon of Forres Vedras, and Province oi'Eflremadura, is feated the celebrated Bafilic, or royal Convent of that Name, dedicated to our Lady and St. Anthony, by John V. King of Portugal, on the fol- iwonnmenw lowing Occafion, as is related by hr. John de St. Jofrpb do Prado. " Don 'foam S , £ F:t" L u i" deMenezes, being.anxious for the religious Concerns of the Inhabitants of the Town of Mafra, arid its Neighbourhood, which were at a low Ebb from the great Want they all experienced in the circumjacent Places of fpiritual Pallors, to direct and encourage them in their Devotions, determined, in the Year 1622, to build a Convent in the aforcfaid Town for the Province of Arrabida, being the foie Attraction of all his Cares, and the powerful Magnet, of his'religious Sons Affections: However, their fervent Defires were ineffectual, as thofe of their Succeffors the Vilcounts of Villa-Nova de Cerueira were ; efpetially Vifcount Don Thomas de Lima Noronha e Vafconcelks, who, jointly with the Provincial, pe­ titioned the King for Leave to build fuch a Convent; but were refufed, as the Council judged the Kingdom to be already too much burdened with mendicant Friars. Failing, though not totally difeouraged, they remained with the Dif- patch, in Hopes of better Succefs in a future Attempt, which accordingly hap­ pened. As about three Years, had elapfed fmee their Difappointment, and as many more fucceeded his Majefty’s Marriage, without any Heirs to the Throne, notwithftanding all the Afliftance that Phyfic could afford was adminiftered, in- fomuch that tliis Bleffing was defpaired of, to the great Difconfolation of the Court. But one Day, as his Eminency the Cardinal Cunha, then Bilhop arid chief Chaplain, was converfing in the Palace with the Marquis of Govea, Don Martinbo Martins Mafcarenbas, Mayor-domo, or Matter of the Houfhold, Fa­ ther Antonio de S.Jofefb (of India) came in, whom the latter called and; treated with great RefpeCt; arid the Cardinal Paid to him, Father, recommend the King to God, that he may pleafe to give him Heirs, and to the Kingdom Succeillon and Confolation: To which the Friar only anfwered, He may Have Children if he pleafes ; and departed from both, with great Modefty .and' RefpeCt, leaving them in Sufpence by Iris Reply; for, Father Antonio b$mg in great Efteem for his Virtue with every body, they thought his Words myfferious, as the King was defirous of Iffue, and the Friar Paid he might have it if he would. Some Days palfed when the two abovementioned Perfonages had met in the fame Hall of the Palace as before, when Father Antonio accidentally came in ; They were glad o f the Encounter, and the Cardinal again recommended the King’s Succeflion to his Prayers, who as before anfwered, that he might'have it' if lie pleafed; when the Cardinal defiredhim to explain fuch a confided Refponfe, winch the Father without any Hefitation did, by faying, His Majefty would have Children, if he made a Vow to God to build a.Converit in Mafra, dedicated, to St. Anthony. O n which the Cardinal,and Marquis went and informed the King and Queen of what had paffed; and they both o f them made a folemn Promife to order the Building fuch a Convent for the Province oiArrabidafAfxoriAmct, by his infinite Good- nefs, fltould be pleafed to give them Succeffion : This, was CQpamupicated to the Vifeount, who received' the'Advice with great Pleafure,; and he made; the Friars o f trie Convent of S. Pedro de Alcantara Sharers, o f his Satisfaction, not doubt­ ing the Performance of the rayal Affurarice, or the Father’s Vaticination, who died on the 9th o f March, 1.7r i ; and her Mjfefty.was delivered of a Pyincefs, named Maria Barbara, fince Queen o f Spain, to the no fin all Joy of all the Sub­ jects, S PAIN A N 6 P O R T U G A L. 'lo f je£ts, and afterwards continued to give Heirs to the Crown by feveral fucceed- ing Births. The King, now determining to comply with his Vow, lent his ancient Ser­ vant, Antonio Rebello da Fonfeca (in whom he repo fed great Confidence) to i elect a proper Spot for the Eredtion of the propofed Convent; and, after two Years fpent in this Commiffion, the Choice fell on one called da Fella, at a little Dili ante ■ from the Town eaitward, where his Majelly commanded the Grounds to be va­ lued (as they appertained to feveral Owners), that a regular' Payment might be made for them: And after examining various Plans prefented to the King, he . chofe that of Joaon Federico hudovid, a Native of Fufcany; and the r 7th o f No­ vember, 1717, was appointed to lay the firft Stone, There was a Church built of Wood where the Stone' one was to be railed, and' 'in which the Ceremonies of Founding were to be performed; but two Days be­ fore that appointed, for the Proceflion, a Storm of Wind blew down the woodeii Temple, which however was quickly remedied by the Erection of another: And ‘on the aforefaid 17th of November, the King, Cardinal, Nobles, and all their Train and Affiftants, fet out to commence the intended W ork; and his Emi- nency confecrated the fundamental Stone, which was of white Carrara Marble, with the fubfequent Xnfcription 1 Deo Optimo, Maximof Primumque fu n davit lapidem Divoque Antonio Lujitano, Thomas LPatriarcha UfyJJtponeyifis Occidentales Femplum Ijoc didatum Solemni ritue Joannes Lufitanorum Rex, Sacravif, pofmfqüe Fott compos ob fufeeptos liberos, Anno Domini 1717, X W .K u L D ecem br. A fter hi effing tlris firit Stone, the Cardinal performed the fame Function on twelve found pedals 3 on which were engraven the Church and Convent, the Effigies of the King, Queen, and Clement XI, who then filled the papal Chair, On the firft golden one, was carved their Majefties Heads, with an Infcription that faid, Joannes V.PortugalUAdAlgabriorumReX, | E t Marianna de Aujlna conjux. And on the Reverie was the Plan of the Convent, inferibed, D . Antonio Luftano, Mafra, 1717* On the fécond Medal was cnrioitfly wrote the Device of the U- Iuftrious Portuguefe Saint Antonio, in a Cloud above the Altar, and the King kneeling before him, with his Hands lifted up, and the fubfequent Infcription, In Çedis régnât, invocatuf in Patria. .. On thé other Side was itamped the Tem ­ ple’s Front, with two Towers, and the Roof with an Infcription that faid, Diva Antonio Ulyffiponenji didatum. In the Portico o f the Temple was feen, Joannes V. Portugalliœ Rex mandavk, Mafra, 1717. On the third Medal appeared the Por­ trait of the reigning Pope Clement XI, with a Writing, faying, Clemens Undeçimus Pontifex'Maximus. On the Reverie was engraved, Pontifcatus anno 17. On the fourth golden Medal was feen the Effigies of the moft illuftrious and moft re­ verend Patriarch, with the following Infcription, F bom as 7, Patriarcba XJlyffipo- nenfis Qccidenialis. On the Reverfe was his Arms, with this Writing, Saudi An- tonii TJlyffiponenfs templum a Joanne V. Portugallice Rege dejignatum conflrudum lapD dem in jignum pofuit^Anno Domini M .D Ç C .X F Û . The: twelve Medals were four of Gold, the fame of Silver, and the fame of Metal, and all with the fame Infcriplions. Confecration being performed, they were all collected in two round golden Boxes, with two Plates? of the fame Metal, the one with an Agnus D ei o i Innocent XI, and the other with, onè of the reign­ ing Pontiff ; they-: had likewife a little golden Cheft, in Size a Palm and a half, by four Fingers, in'which was depofited the regal Writings by which the King obliged .hisnlelf to; build a Church to St .Antonio, in Compliance, with the Vow he had made him: Thereby/ere likewife two Glaffes o f,holy Q if put Up in two Cafes; and all the abovementioned, after being carried in Proceflion, were placed by io8 'DISSERTATIONS on

by tlie Patriarch in a white Marble Cheil, in the h oundation under the high Altar on the Gofpel Side, to which he defcended for this Piupofe by fome Steps, ■ Every thing being thus fettled and diipofed in its proper Place by the Cardinal, he threw in Lime and Sand, and had it covered with a great Stone; on which the Kiin* ordered to be flung, by his Almoner, twelve Moidores, twelve Half Moi- dorcs, twelve Quarter ditto, twelve new Crufades, twelve Coins o f twelve Pantens, twelve of fix, twelve of three, twelve of one, twelve of ten Reis Copper, twelve of five Rets, twelve of three Reis, and twelve of one Rei and a half. And this Func­ tion ended, his Emincncy blefied the Foundations of all the Church, with Hyfibp and Orations fitted to the Occaiion, after which The Mafs was fung with Muficj and this concluded, his Majeftyand Train approached with thirteen Bafkets (the K ing’s gilt, and the others-filvered), filled with Stones and Mortar, which the Bearers applied in its proper Place, to the great Joy and Edification o f the Be­ holders, as was evidently manifefted by the copious Flood .of Tears then ilied. After this the Building of the Church went:uninterruptedly on for.thirteen Years, when the greater Part of this majeftic Fabric was finifhed - and the bkjfed Virgin and St, Anthony (to both whom it was dedicated) were expofed to Venera­ tion ; And the Church was confecrated, by Order of the King, on the 22d of OBober, 1730, being his Majefty’s Birth-Day, which -augmented;the.Feftivity, otherwife truly magnificent. This facred Function was, by the Sovereign’s Order, attended by the two Cardinals, Num da Cunba e At aide and Don Joaoa da Mota e Syfaa, who arrived at the Town of Mafra, on the 18th of the faid Month, with a numerous aild moil lucid Equipage: The Bifhops lihewife of Lcyria, Portalegre, Tatar a, and Nankin, affifted to confecrate the Altars, On the 19 th, his Majeily came, accompanied by the m oil ferene Prince o f Brajil, and the Infante Don Antonio, with a Party of the Lifeguards, and a great Number of other Attendants. O n the 20th, the moft Uluftrious Patriarch, Don Thomas de Almeida, appeared in that State he always ufed on public Occafions j and at the fame Time all the Canons and Dignitaries of the patriarchal Church came, by his Order, to affift him in the Colifecration: And as the 22'd was appointed'for this Fun£Hon, the Guardian of the new Convent had Orders to fail, with all his Community (con­ fining of 250), as ufual on the Vigil of filch Solemnities. 1 On the Day appointed, the Church was duly prepared for the feftive A ¿I f in whofe Edifice were feen thirty four folid Marble Columns, which on'the Sides were accompanied by the Altar Pieces, and among them were comprehended fix:, being of the three principal Chapels ; and which, placed on Bafes of the fine.il Stones, made the faid. Chapels to meafure in Height thirty nine Palms,J and be­ tween fifteen and fixteen broad*. Thefe Pillars, as well as: all the other lapidary Work (fuch as Porticos, Comifhes, Entablatures, Feftoons, G?c.) of this fu- perb BafiUc, confifl of the moil beautiful Marbles and jafpars, that could be colleblcd in all Parts; in which Nature hath dilplayed fuch a ft range, variegated Mixture o f Beauties, as feeni ratlier Embellifhments- or Produfts' of Art, than flowing from a felf-efficlent Caufe: And omitting to mention all other Decora­ tions in which the Temple then abounded, though not quite finifhedf it Was on the aforefaid-Day confecrated,' and dedicated to the propofed Saints and the Benediition extended to all the particular Cells and other Apartments/ Croffes; Altars, and all their Ornaments, PrieftsVeftments, and'every thing fixed and moveable, ufed in. the officiating divine Service. Which I ¿Xcufe particularizing, to avoid an unneceflary Prolixity; fince when, fifty eight Marble Statues' have been erefted in the Portico, and' interior Parts of the" Tern pie, which hath not a little added to the graceful Elegance of what was before feen "there, '

O f ■ O f the Church's Length, Breadth, and Height: The Body of the Church hath, from its principal Entrance to the Depth of the great Chapel, 277 Palms, viz, . 'i Pairts. To the Arch of the Crofs, or where it Hands from the chief Door; - - 147 This hath in Diameter, - .------59 The Depth of the great Chapel, ------7 1

As above, 277

The Breadth from one of the collateral Chapels‘to another, - - 200 The lame of the Body of the Church, - - - - - .56^ The Depth of the Chapels which are in the Naves of the Church, - - 43 . The Height from the Pavement to the Crown, ------61 . The lame, of the Pedeftal on the Crown, ------10 The fame from the faid Pedeftal to the Center-of tire Vault of the 'Body of the Church, ------30 So 'that'from the Pavement to the Top of the "Vault is, - - - - toi The Columns of the Crofs-way and great Chapel are in Width, - - - 36 \ From the Pavement of the Church t6 the Crown that goes upon the Per- I fmasj on which the Body of the QymboAunt is formed, ' - " - - - - - 112 ^ Froth the faid Crown to the Vault, inclofmg the Body of the Cpnboriumy 821 From the faid Inclofure to the Height of the-Crofs, ------85 t ■ -which makes the total Height of tire- - - ■ - - 181 The Towers of the Chur eh, from1 the Ground-plot to the Crofs on the Spire, are, - 3 14'f The Spfre Is in Height, from the laft Stone-of the Tower, - - - 33 The-Copper Cock, made of two Plate9,- riveted together and -faftened to an Iron Bar, with three Plates of the fame-Metal, to ihew the Wind, hath in Height on the'Bar, ------' ------3 1 and in Length, from the Tail to the Head, ------10 1

The Cock weighs't o Afrobas. ' . The Bar of Iron,, to which the Pieces are fixed that ferve for a Pyramid to the Copper "Globe, in which is placed the holy Wood,, with its Authentic, weighs 51 Arrobas and 6 Pounds. The Copper Globe weighs 4 Arrobas and 13 Pounds ; at its Lining of Lead, II Arrobas and 11 Pounds; having 4 Palms and 3 Quarters Diameter. And the Bar of frpn, with all its Fixtures of Globe, Cock and Crofs, weighs 226 Arrobas and 15 Pounds: And all the above is to be underftpod in each To wer. In each, o f the Towers is a Set of Bells, confifting of fifty one, viz. the great Bell, on which the Hours are ftruck, weighing 800 Arrobas, and is in Diameter 1 1 Palms and a half: Under this Bell hang two otilers, ferving for the H alf and Quarter Hours. .And yet lower, in a feparate- Body, are forty eight Bells, on which fome Tunes are played before ftriking the Hours, Halves and Quarters; the biggeft weighs .666. Arrobasand iy.Pounds, Being tuned .to,the Note G—fi ­ re—ut, tfie,others being proportioned.to this by.a gradual pufical Diminution. .Tins Set plays imtwo,Manners ythe one With Hammers on the Gutfide, moved by Weights and Wheels.; and the . other op the Infide with Clappers: Both per­ forming feveral .Pieces o f Mm fie, without interfering ^with or. interrupting each other.; ..and have little Bells fo placed for Shake?,- as to. execute this Part with great Soi'tneft and Confonuncy. There oire. befides, eight Bells more in tfiefe Towers, ft pftined fpr calling to dN vine Semce/ all by Notes: The -firft vyrighs .54:1 - Arrobas ;ind 9 P oun dsthefe- cond, 4u6^Aa'ohas and 10Pounds; tire third,290.Arrobas,and. 16 Pounds; the V ox. II. * 2 F fourth, r rtf DISSERTATIONS on fourth, 231 Arrobas and 23 Pounds 3 the fifth, 119 Arrobas and 8 Pounds; the fixth, omitted; the feventh, 76 Arrobas and 12 Pounds; the eighth, 104 Arro­ bas, which, being of a very high Note aild fweetTone, is called, .by Antonoma-. fin, the Bell of Grace: This ferves to fummons to Sermons and ProceiFions, being very doleful and moving to Companion; it was the W ork o f a Portuguefe, named PcdrO PahiVra, The Bell which calls to the Semduplas, weighs 51 Arrobas and a. Pound' and' a half; that which rings for Holidays, weighs 43 Arrobas and 3 Pounds; that which calls the Community to the Choir, 40 Arrobas, Befides, there is a little one, .weighing'one Arro.ba, which ferves for Signals to the Towers : And thefe ufed in tile divine Offices, are difpofed. of in the two Towers, being twelve in.Number j which,, joined with the other Sets, make in all one hundred and fourteen.

A Defcription o f the interior Part of the Convent, and the Magnificence of the Palace, The Frontifpiece of the Church includes three great Arches, in. which are formed as many Doors, elevated to the Height of them, and two leffer Portals placed between the three; all of Iron, beautifully wrought, and inlaid with Brafs, after.fuch an artful, ‘curious Manner, as is hardly to .be equalled. A ll thefe five Gates give Entrance to the Court, which is a long Square; and hath 116 Palms in Length, by 32 wide; the Whole panneled with blue and white Marble, and the Pavement neat and elegantly inlaid with a vaft Variety of fine Stones; Here are likewife feen fix large Jafpar Statues, viz, of St. Vincent, St. Sebaftian, St. Bennet, St. Bernard-, St, Brum, and St, John da Matt a, all placed in Niches. . . . In this Court are the three Gates which give Admilfion to the Church; that in the Middle, having a niched Column,on each Side, with Capitals of, the Co­ rinthian Order, all of white Marble, which are crowned by a Stone with beauti­ ful Mouldings, having, in-its Center.an Oval of Jafpar, whereon is reprefented the holy. Virgin, with, the little Jefus in her Arms, and St. Anthony kneeling, gar- ni(lied with Feitoons and Branches of Flowers on the Sides; all which is caryed in the moil mafterly Manner: The other two Doors are fimilar to that now de- feribed, with the foie Difference, that tliefe are not quite fo high, rtor ornamented only with the Sculpture of Feiloons, Branches of Lilies, and Seraphims. In the two Extremes of the Court are two Doors, imitating, in Size and Adornment, the three mentioned in the Facade, which give Entrance by the Opening comprehended in the Foundation of the two Towers: And in this Opening are four Arches, oh which the W ork is raifed ; the two facing, w ith­ out, in the Form of Galleries, are compofed with a Support of Stone Steps; the Space feen in the Arches include four great Niches, with the Statues of St. John de Deos, St. Philip N en, St. Gaetano, and Santa Ste ref a de Jefus, being thofe fixed on the right Hand at entering the Court; and thofe corrdponding on the left, are St. Peter Nolafco, St. Francis de Paula, St. Felix, de Valois, and St. Igna­ cio Loyola, As we have mentioned the Church, and treated of the Infide of the Court, I fhall now deferibe the exterior Part of the Frontifpiece: Where fix white Mar­ ble Columns are feen, of 30 Palms high, and a correfpohdent Thicknefs, with Dor/c’Capitals, on which refts a (Cimalha real) a royal Gornifh, that runs on the Top of the Arches; and over the middle moil is a great Window, 20 Palms high, and 10 wide, with a Gallery inclofed by a white Marble Baluftrade for its Cornice, all reftrng on an intire Stone, 14 Palms long, and 16 wide; on the Sides, between the two Arches, are two large Niches, with the Statues o f St, Do­ minic and St. Francis; and over the two Arches, other two igreat Windows, of equal Dimenfions with the aforementioned, alfo with their Stone Rails, upon which which there runs another Cornice, that fervcs for the Pediment to reft on ; hi the Middle of which is a large Oval of Jafpar, and thereon molt beautifully carved, in alto Relievo^ the Figure of the blcjfed Virgin > with the little Jtjus in her Arm s, and St* Anthony on his Knees, adoring liim, ornamented with Fef- toons of Flowers and Seraphims, the Whole of which is executed in a moft ad­ mirable Manner and Tafte : Between the Arches of the Towers are two Niches, Withthe1 Statues of Santa Clara, .and Santa Ijabcl:Queen of llungary ; and the Whole Is crowned with a large Iron Roman Crofs. T h e Palace joins on both Sides to the middle Tow ers; and the celebrated Cor­ ner ones being alL built with wrought Stone from.the Bottom to the Top, mak­ ing two Faedtes*, with three, great Windows each, 20. Palms high, and 1 o broad; with white Marble Balufters, and adorned with Feitoons of Flowers; all being of the fame Form, except thofe in the Center which are architrave, and all run on a Level with thofe of the Palace., Each Wing of the Palace, from Tower to Tower* is divided into, a Gallery, with three Parts ; two with four Windows each, of i6Palms high, and 8 wide; the middlemoft hath fiye Windows, four equal with the preceding; but that in the Center is comm enfu rate with thole above, having a projecting Baluflrade, with its Cornice,, and the Sides ornamented with Feitoons. It hath another Gallery beneath, with Windows fimilar to thofe above, only .with the Difference that the middlemoft hath a plain Cornice in Front, and a Stone Parapet: Under this Window are.the three Doors which give Entrance to the Palace; that in the Middle hath two Columns of white Marble, 25 Palms high, and between 5 and 6 broad, with. Doric Capitals, winch fuftain the Cornice of a jutting Front, with' Mouldings and Fillets reaching up to the Windows;- of which, there are four on the Sides of the Doors, of equal Magnitude with thofe above, ornamented with Iron Grates, as the Doors are. Between the firft Body (joining to the Towers) and the fecond, are four* fmall Windows, more wide than high, making in all this Facade fifty three, and three Portals in each Part; the.whole Gallery, from Tower to Tower, including one hundred and fixty eight Windows, and fix Doors, fpreading 1000 Palms in Width, and 114 Palms and a quarter in Height from the Ground to the Cor­ nice: The Body in the Center is more elevated than the others, on whofe Cor­ nice runs a Baluftrade, and beneath it are nine Windows, of 6 Palms high, and 4 broad, refting on the Cornice, and on it are fix Spouts for difeharging the Rain Water. Through the Portals of the Palace a Veitibule is entered, wherein Hands a moil beautiful Stair-cafc, 14 Palms wide, having on each Landing-place (which are four, of twenty three Steps each, or ninety two in all) two large Windows, of 20 Palms high, all glazed, and two fine pendant Brafs Chandeliers; each illu- ' minating its Part of the Stairs, from whence are feen the Doors of the Saloon, in which both the Grandeur and Perfe£tion of Art are equally admired ; it is formed of four Arches, and vaulted with Stucco Pannels. Contiguous to theVeilibule appears a grand quadrangular Cloy Her, of 122 Palms long, and feven Arches in each Side: On the Columns of the Arches, and their Capitals, refts the Cornilh, with a Spout in each Square; and above, a white Marble Baluftrade, running round the-Whole with a beautiful Rail, di-' viding the Palace Gallery into two Parts, and the other the Sacrifty to the South, comprehending;fifty four large, Windows in the Whole. On this fouthem Part, and the light Hand of the Cloy iter, is the famous Chapter-houfe, which, is entered by an Arch and Padage that is tenninated by a large Window,' ornamented with an Iron Grate, ,hxed iouthward in the Palace Gallery, being in Length 40 Palms, and 22 wide, ■ in.which are two .very hand- fome Gates, with two Portals; that to the Right leading to the aforefald Chap­ ter- 1 1 2 Ù ISS E RT ATI ON S ôni " ter-houfe, which is 1 10 Palms long* and 54 wide: It is oval, and all Covered with white, red, bine, and yellow Stone-work; the Ci efing ri pannekd with beauti­ ful Stucco, with a projefting Rail and Baluftrade of Stone, and a Fronton over the Door; and in the Middle of the Room is a Stone Altar, with two Races, railed on three Steps of the fame Materials; the Doors to the Left correfpond with, thofe juft mentioned; and, through the left Hand Arch,' you enter a Railage of 60 Palms long/and 22 broad, which leads to thvaulk Gallery*; the other PaD fage- equals this in Dtmenfions, and cóndufts alfo to the abovementioried Gal­ lery. ' ' ^ : T h e faid auiic Gallery is 834 Palms long, by 22 wide,- m im ing 'between the Church and the Convent : At the Ends it hath two Doors/ 20 Palms high, aùd half as much broad, with two circulai’ Windows over them, grated and glased, by which the Students enter to the Leftures ; which are on Grammar, Logic, Phyfics, Metaphyfics, Morality; Theology, fpeculative-and explained f a School for Reading, Writing, and Cyphering : This Gallery hath thirty* four large W in­ dows, all arched above; and two Arched and four Entries 'to the Galleries, o f 22 Palms wide each, ornamented outwardly with, iron G ratés and* Glafs ; -they are fiftitious, but in tlieir Bottom are twelve Doors, including fúme and thé Houfe of the A 5ls7 which is n 5 Palms and a half long, Jand '4 i wide : Entering by the Door to the Right, there is on each Side an Elevation o f three Stone Steps, of 6 Palms wide, with a Baluftrade of the fame Material before'the Doftoral Seats.; in thofe to the Right aré feated the Difputants, and m thofe :to the Left'the Re­ gent of the Studies and the Mailers. * * - In the Middle o f the Head-wall is placed a Chair; and over it (fixed in-the Wall) a great white Marble Stone, finely ornamented, - with afi Infcription in black Letters, and crowned with a Vale of blue Stone, with yellow and white Flowers, and over this a Window curioully ornamented : In the Walls, above the Doftoral Seats, are two great ‘Tribunes, reftîng on four Dogs of white Mar­ ble, wrought with great Art. On the Wall, fronting the Chah, is a Pifture of our Lady da Cancelçaon, o f 25 Palms high, with a Frame of black Stone, arched above, and adorned with a yellow one, reprefenting various Colours : The Pîfturè is divided into three diftinft Subjefts ; that in the Middle ihews the blefTcd Virgin Handing,with the Infant Jefas in her Arms, th rafting the Extremity of the-Crofs (which fire fúp- ports with both Hands) into the Serpent's Mouth, which lies under her Feet; in the fuperior Part is reprefented the eternal Father in a Cloud, accompanied !by angelic Spirits; and in the lower'Part of the Pifture, are two Angels of a large Size, a (lifting the Virgin Mother : On the fame Side are fome Aulas 7 and fix Doors for Entrance to the Couvent. On the Window-fide, the Gallery .hath two Stair-cdfes that lead up to the Church, having in the Entrance an Arch, with two Faces of Stone, all in Quar­ ters, with loofe Flowers, which feem to be fallingfrom the W alls; they are com- - pofed o f fear!et, blue, and white Stones, from the Pavement to the C oraiih ; and the Vault o f Stucco, in Relievo. In the other Cloy iter to the North, the Entrance and all other Particulars are the fame as thát already deferibed; except that In die Part-which fronts the En­ trance of the Palace there ftands.'the Chapé!, intitled, do Campo. Santo 7 for being deftined for making the Offices de Carpo 7 prefent to .the.Religious who’fhall die in the Infirmary: This Chápel is wider than long ; andinFrontof.thé'Door it hath an Altar, with two large Columns of black Marble, - 2.5 'Palms high, with yellow Capitals of the Corinthiàn Order;' on tlieie refts the-Gornice o f white Mar­ ble, in a Frontifpiece gamîfhed with Seraphims and various Flowers, all inlaid in Black and Yellow, which hath a beautiful Efteft : The Altar is-.of white Mar­ ble, the Bench of yellow, ând thé Vault ftuccoed. ' This S PA I N an it) PO R TU G AL.

This: Cloyfter hath the fame Entrance to the aullc Gallery as the other r To the Left is the Apothecary’s Office, 80 Palms long, and 30 broad, joined to am other of iiniilav Dimenfions, for the Depofit ,of Herbs, Drags, &c> neceffaiy for the Pharmacopoeia of ;the Convent, with three large'Windows Iron-grated, and a Door to the Gallery, which enters into that of the Aulas, The Portal of the Of­ fice hath1 a large VdKbule, and a grand .Window with Iron-grates that looks to the Street, as .do five more of equal. Form and Size, winch are in the aforefaid Office; at the other Part of which is a Stair-cafe that leads to the Infirmariesj being o f Stone, 1 o Palms wide, with four Landings o f feven Steps each to the firft Infirmary, which is approached by a largeVeillbule, that hath a great Window to the Cloyfter, and a grand Portal, o f 20 Palms high, and ro broad, orilamented with Feitoons of Flowers, gird an Efcutcheon over it, handing in Front of an­ other equal to it,- as‘well in Make as Dimenfions, which includes a Niche of white Marble; T h e Infirmaries are 1.57 Pa]iTis long, by 39 wide; the Room above hath twelve Beds, all paved with white Tiles,, and the Ceiling ftuecoed; It hath an Altar in the Middle of the Wall, with Columns of red Marble, 12 Palms high, reiting on white Bafes, as are the Capitals, the Whole exquifitely wrought; and over them is. a white circular Cornice, projecting three Palms, beautifully Inlaid with Yellow : It hath a Picture in a black Frame, and beneath a Square o f blue Marble, Whereon is fculptured two Vine Branches with Clutters o f Grapes in-white Marble; before it is a Baluftrade, with its Cornice and Balufters of white Marble, and blue Pedeftals; on the Sides are two final! Doors, of a yellow Wood, whofe Cafes are ornamented with Rofes and Feitoons of Flowers, of white Marble, Near to, and on each Side of the Altar, are two large Portals in the Walk of 20 Palms high, and 10 broad, executed to the higheit Pitch of Art; having above, carved in Stone, various medicinal Materials, which have been valued in 1,300,000 Reis each: The Wall of the Portal, on the Infide, is all covered with lapidary Work of Flowers, and Seraphims over it; this Room is illuminated by two great pendulous Brafs Branches, The other Infirmary Room hath fixteen Beds, as thofe above, being in every tiring conformable and fimilar, only with a little Difference in the Stone-work; the Room above hath to the Right a large Door, leading to a Stone Staiiccafe, of 15 Palms wide, making two Landings of twenty Steps each, by which the Viaticum is carried to the Sick: This Stair-cafe terminates in a Paffage of Stone-work, 15 Palms wide, as the Stair-cafe of nine Steps is, which defeends to the Gallery that leads to the Chapel o f the Conception. Let us now pafs to the Interior of the Convent by its chief Gate, T o the South* the Palace hath in its principal. Gallery forty two large Windows, of 16 Palms high, and 8 wide, among which “'are three of 20 Palms by 10, with white Mar­ ble Balufters moft curiouily wrought; over the Cornice ate fome oval Windows* whereon reft the Bandages of Stone* all with their Mouldings; and underneath thirty Spouts to difeharge the Water from the Roof: There are likewife three Rows of Windows, of the fame Form and Dimenfions as the laft mentioned* with Iron-grates and glazed; fo that tire whole Facade contains two hundred and ten, and five Portals; the firft by the Tower, ferving for the Palace; the next for the auiic .Gallery; and tire remaining three lehd to the Convent. On this- fouthenr Side is placed, tire chief Portal of the Convent, winch, by its curious Fabric, correfponds with the -pompous Oftentation of all the Building; This gives Entrance to the Convent by three latge Gates, with Iron-grates finely wrought,which conduits to a Veftibrrle,where are two Doors on each Side, lead-, ing to the Hojierie;, with white Marble-Seats between them, 11 Palms long: And :tyvo others, which alio on. tire Infide art: betwixt the three Gates,- in Length. 8 Palms, with1 fcarlet Marble* B acksan d with which the whole Ambit of the Vef- tibule is cloathed, the P ave mentftrii ng a beautiful Mixture of variegated Stones. V o l . II. , ^ * 2 G ' In

-Vi DISSERTATIONS on* In the Middle o f this VefHbule, and correfpondent to the fir ft En tránce, there is another conducting to the Portaría', which, entered, continues for the Space o f 25 Palms, and'in this Diftance are two Lodges, where as many Porters at­ tend; and at the Extreme o f this Extent is a Portal, in whofe Frontifpiece the Door ts crowned with an oftagon Efeutcheon of the fineft Jalpar, in whole Re~ timó is divifed large and curious Feftooiis, among which are involved various Figures of Seraphims: And in the Middle o f this Fabric, there is alfo (in-railed W ork) our Lady, with her bleifed Son in her Arms, and1 St. Anthony kneeling, adoring the Child, By this Doòr the Portaria is entered, being a Boom '86 Palms long,1 arid 44 broad : In the Ends are two large Windows on each Side,, winch look into the Gardens, and are thereby finely illuminated, to winch four circular Windows over them makes an Addition ; between til efe, on the one Side and the other, is a large Picture, with blue Stone Frames : That to the Right of the Entrance, is a Reprefentation of the blejfed Virgin, with the little JeJus in her Arms, and St. Anthony, witli his fpread to receive'him : Fronting this, tut Saviour appears ir­ ritated agii 11ft the World, and Ms holy Mother appeafmg his Anger ; '-with the two Patriarchs, St. Dominic and St. Francis praying to him on their Knees: On the Walls are four other riftures, With Frames of the fame Stone as the others; in one is feen the Coronation o f our Lady ■; in afiother, the A ft of Wajhing the Feet ; in another, Chdji crucified, and the Virgin Mary, St. John, and Mary Magdalen^ Handing by; and in the laid, our Lady, and all the pr and jean Martyrs; the whole Room is furai filed with Seats, backed with fcarlet Wood, inlaid with black. This Room is crafted with blue and white Marble ; and in the Walls, near to the Comers, are four Doors ; two for the Service o f the JLofìeriei, which are eigh­ teen, in the greater Paid o f which may be made fix Beds each ; befides feveral Rooms which are between them, for feveral Ufes conducing to a better Accom­ modation ; and fronting thefe Doors are other two, having in each Front a Clock, the one Portuguefe, and the other Roman ; and, to enlighten the Room by Night, a great Brafs Branch hangs in the Center, In the Midi!, fronting the Door of Entrance, there'is another for the Convent, to both which great Art is ihewn : They have each a circular Window in the Mid­ dle, ornamented with Branches of Lilies and Feftoons o f white Marble ; and a Cornice, projecting two Palms and a half, runs round the Whole, alifiletedin a beautiful Manner. This Door gives Entrance to the Convent -, and going di- reftly forward to the other Door, traverfing the Veftibule and Dormitory, enter the Garden ; fo that when the Doors of one Lodge is open, die other is feen, with the Garden between, and one Door correfpondent to the other, at '834 Palms Diftance. On the right Hand, entering the Gate, you afeend the famous Stair-cafe, of 15 Palms wide, all of Stone-work, with Balufters of the fame Materials, and il­ luminated with large Metal Branches by Night ; this finilhes in a Belfry of four Faces glazed, affording a great Light to the Stairs, and forming a Tower with­ out and vaulted within, all with wrought Stone of a fine Appearance: It is nine Steps up to the firft Landing, which is liquate, and hath a large glazed W indow looking to the Garden; the lame Number of Steps leads to the fecond Landing, in all Particulars equal to the firit; and, continuing to afeeild another nine Steps, they terminate in a large Landing-place, made by both Stair-cafes ..to the Right and Left, there being a. large Door on die Floor, fronting the Foot of each of them which open to the Garden, ’ - . T o the Right of tins third Landing, is an oval Left ib ule, with Seats all round, and two glazed Window?; and in Front, one vérydarge one-,-with a View o f the Garden: Afcending other three Landings, there is another Veftibule, fimilar to the aforefald, witli a Room on the other Side,-Like that o f the Portaría. The W alls S P A I -N: A N D P O; R -T U GAL.' ’ 115 \Valls have ho Pictures, but Ovals of white Marble and Jafpar. Going'up three Landings more, tire Stair-cale terminates in the Dormitory, each Stair-caie hav­ ing eighty one Steps. This Convent hath eight Dormitories, of 760 Palms long, and 16 broad; there are alfo eight more that traverfe. thefe, 366 Palms in Length, by 16 wide: ■ Each hath a large Window with Grates to the Garden, thofe of one Dormitory being different from the others j as are alfo thole of the Cells, of which the Con­ vent hath three hundred, each with its Window of 16 Palms high, and half as much broad: The Dimenfions of each Cell are 20 Palms by rS, with a large Cupboard orPrels of Erajll Wood, as is the Door, being,-five Palms broad; and over, it is a glazediWindow, to give the more Light to the Dormitory; all are Vaulted with a.Comiih of-white Marble. The Convent hath fix teen Courts, and two fmall Gardens on the Sides of the Portal. In .the Middle o f : all the Convent is a celebrated Garden, 272 .Palms fquare, having in its Circuit thirty, two Seats o f white Marble, 12 Palms-long”; four Fountains, with Shell-work and Jet id ' Eau, like Rain, with Scats round them, of red Marble, 12 Palms long,- and 2 broad: In the Midfc is a circular Lake, of 60 Palms Diameter,, encircled with Seats o f the fame Materials and Co­ lour as- the lalf mentioned, at 15 Palms Dittance:..It hath thirty orbicular Vafes, on fquare red Bafes, and eight octangular ones placed, on the Comers, on.Rafes of yellow Marble: It hath two hundred and twenty.Windows furrounding it, and four-large Portals for its Entrance: Above the: chief Cornice are twenty four Spouts of white Marble, for difeharging the Rain-water from the Roofs. The beautiful Variety of . the Pavement pleaiingly captivates the Eye. through the four crofs middle Walks, and the lame:Number from Angle to Angle, in the midit of which are the four Fountains. . . . In the Court of the lower Dormitory is the Laundry,' 60 Palms long, and 42 wide; the Door is arched, 10 Palms broad, with the Top of the Turn glazed : All the Floor is lapidary W ork; and there are fix Stone Veflels in the Side-walls; with Brafs Cocks on the Top of each to let the Water in; and at the Head of the Room are two large Stone Citterns, alfo with their Cocks. The Dormitoiy beneath Part of the-aulic Gallery, facing the Door -that goes into the Garden, gives Admittance by a large one to a Room, where is difeo- vered four more great ones which open to different Entries; that in Front leads to the laft mentioned Gallery; that to the Right, to the Lavatory; and the other to the Stan-cafe that goes up to the Dormitories, and defeends to the fubterra- nean Paffage which goes to the Church ; on tlae firib Landing of which (after afeending five Steps) there is a Door which gives Entrance to a finall Court, in which is a Fountain o f fine Water. The Lavatory Room is an Oitagon of eight Arches, raifed with large Stones; on which runs the Cornlfh, whereon is formed eight Windows, Handing on the Arches, and making the Vault of the fame Figure, It hath four large white Marble Citterns, with fix Metal Pipes each, and in the Center a large hanging Sconce. This Room gives'Entrance to that dittinguiihed by the Name de Pro- fundh, which -is ii8 Palms, long, and 42 wide : The Door hath its Facade to­ wards the faid Room, being 20 Palms high, an’d 10 broad; above, it is orna­ mented with yellow and white Marble, with a Frontifpiece Cornice, to which all tire other fix Doors are fimilar; two in the Side-walls, to the. Right of the En­ trance, one feigned, arid another goes to the Dormitory, and the Fronts of thefe have an EgreOion to the Gallery of the siuias; over thefe are five large Windows on each Side: All the'Room is fumifiled with Seats of Brajil Wood, placed on Dogs of white Marble, with Backs of red Stone, 12 Palms high, and a little wliite .Coraifh ; the Room is lined all round with a blue Marble up? to'the Seats, and it is, illuminated by three large Brafs Branches, pendent from'the Roof, equi- diftant rt 6 D-I S S E RT ATI O N S on

liftan t from one another.- The Door* correfponding to the Entrance, leads to. the Refectory, which is 218 Palms long, and 42 wide; and is (like the Laundry) lined with blue Marble as high as the Seats, which ate alio o f Brafil Wood, Tup- ported by Dogs of white Marble, and backed with Red, 12 Palms high, with a little white Cofnifli: It hath nine great Windows on each Side, and two at the Head; in the Middle are two Doors correfpondent to each other, and two Pul­ pits above them, that to the Right of the.Entrance is deitined for the Introduc­ tion o f the Service, and the other paifes to the aulic Gallery. It hath a Row of Tables and Benches ip., the Middle, finùlar to tliofe ranged againft the Walls ; and the Whole is illùnÿaated by nineBrafs Branches (hung with Iron Chains), with four Lights each rTBetween. the right Hand Dpor and the Kitchen lies the Dormitory, feparated by a wooden Partition, with its Door, impeding a Com­ munication therewith. . The Kitchen is 96 Palms long, , by 42 wide, with three large glazed Windows to the Court-yard. The W alls are Covered, with white Tiles up to the C om iih; and there Rands ip the Middle o f the. Room four white Marble Tables, o f 20 Palms long, 10 broad, and 1 thick: There is a Ciftern.of the.lame,Material in Front of the Door, 15 Palms long, and 5 wide, in the Midft of. which fpouts out W ater from a Brafs Pipe, as there does in two fmallecMarble VelTels on each Side, where the Diihes and Plates are wafhed. It hath, at eathEnd a large Chimney, fupported by Iron Bars, with Stoves of the fame Metal, made with füch Art, that the Fire is not feen ; in the .Middle of the Fire-place is a great Copper Cauldron, containing ten Abïüdes-OÎ Water, into which if falls from a brazen Pipe placed in the Chimney: There ate two Ovens on ¡the Sides; ail Engine to, pr.efs and fqueeze out the Juice of Herbs, made with, an admirable A rt; two Marble Jars, with wooden Covers,Tor Oil and Vinegar. The Vault is fupported by four Stone Arches, in two of which are iufpendedan equal Number of Branches, with four Lights each : ’ The Floor is paved with Stone, and hath a Declivity towards the CenteF, where is a Sink for carrying off the W ater. From this Room is' an Entry to another, which hath in the Midft a Stone Table, 30 Palms long, by 12 wide, with four white Marble Water Jars on each Side, and Brafs Cocks in the W alls for filling them ; there are alfo two fimilar . ones at the Head- of die Room, with their Cocks. The whole Pavement is pf Stone, with a' Door of ro Palms, that opens to a Court-yard from whence die Room receives its'■ Eight'; and the culinary Proviiions are firft prepared here: There is alfo another Kitchen, joined to this, with two Chimnies at the Ends, and its Fountain of Water, with a Door which leads to that Fait where the Ser­ vice is prepared for royal Funitions. The Convent hath, befides the principal Stair-cafe aforementioned, two large ones in the Angles of the Dormitories, which terminate in the Library, and lead to all the faid Doi’mitaries; having, from the firft to the fécond, two Landing- places of twenty Steps each, o f fourteen Palms wide; having fix of thefe Diftances from the Bottom to the Library, with a large Window at every one of them: There is another Stair-cafe which afeends to the Choirifty, making, from the Dorm i­ tory below to the fecond, four Flights o f feven Steps each. There is alfo a.ftnall Stair-cafe, of only 5 Palms wide, that rifes1 from the Ground to the Noviciate, having Entrance to the Dormitories : It hath yet another large Stair-cafe, of 12 Palms broad, which mounts.from the Dormitory below to die higheft: abdve, with two Landing-places of fourteen. Steps, and a great glazed Window at each, being the moft ferviceable to the Choir. The famous Library occupies the eaftem Dormitory, being 3 01 Palms long, and 43 wide, making the Form of a Croîs in the Center; aim which, in* the. Part looking to the Inclofure, hath three large Windows, of 20 Palms high, die toiddlemoft being arched with a beautiful Cornice : On.the Side of..this .Part, i t SPAIN a n d PORTUGAL. fi 7 it hath two .Windows eqtial to die others ; and hi Front it hath the fame three great Windows, with the Facade to the Garden; and the two o f the Sides are Doors, entering into fepaiate Roo/ns on both Sides, the which have each three Windows to the Garden, and are for the Mamtfcript Library. It hath, on the Part of the Inclofure, eighteen great Windows, equal to thofe of the Gallery, the three biggeft being'in the Middle: TheCieling is panneled with various Draw­ ings in Relief} making a beautiful Peripcdtive; and the Crown of the Vault is à large,, round, white Piece of Marble, with the Figure of the Sun carved on it. In the Heads of the Rooms are two furpriring fine. Door-cafes of white Marble, 20 Palms high, and 10 broad, with Corniihcs moil beautifully wrought; and the Pavement is .Chequer-work, variegated with Blue, White, and Red. There is a Communication with the Dormitories-by two Stair-cafesj and other two.Ëntries to them, being all on’the Garden Side : The .two Doors at the Heads give Entrance to a grand Saloon almoil fquare, and from this by a ftately Gallery, all o f Stone-work, with Seats on one Side, and Windows over them ; on the other Sides are Doors o f a particular Room of the Palace (leading into it), which en­ circles thé whole Convent above, in all four Faits. I (hall now proceed to deferibe a Palace which crowns all this noble Struc­ ture, and exhibit the Sublimity of a W ork that inc lofes fuch Magnificence and Riches. In the Frontifpìecc and Gallery of this Palace is placed that beautiful and noble Room, called the Lodge of Benedizioni, which is all of St one-work; and its Walls, Cieling and Pavement, curioüily inlaid with a Mixture of all Co­ lours : It is 116 Palms long, and 30 wide; hath three ^Tribunes (or Galleries) for the Church, and two Doors which open to the Rooms, that ferve for a Fri- dune over the Chapels. On the other Side are the three celebrated Windows that have formerly been mentioned. In the two Heads are an equal Number of Doors, which give PalTage from each Part, under the Towers by the faid Gal­ lery, to a Hall of 81 Palms and a half long, and 30 wide; all running on the fame Level from Tower to Tower, making a pleafing Profpect with fuch a Dif- tance, as to leave a Perfon Unknown to another at the two Extremes. The Gal­ lery to the South hath Halls, 190 Palms long, and 30 wide; and the fame to the North : In that where the Library is placed, there is on each Side a Row o f Buildings, having proper Accomriiodations to lodge a Prince, with its particu­ lar Stair-cafe, Kitchen, Servants Apartments, fife, and all feparated from the Palace. The Palace hathbefidcs the two Stair-cafes mentioned, two others of 10 Palms wide, with a Bai uff rade of white Marble, which are appropriated to the Service of the Kitchen, and communicate with all the other Apartments. There is alfo an­ other interior, which afeends from the Kitchen to the Palace; and two particu­ lar ones that go down from the Palace to the Door of the Church ; and the lame Number that defeend from the Gallery of the Frontifpiece to the two lafl: Chapels of the Church, made with fuch Art, that one Perfon going up, and another down at the fame time talking together, do not lee one another ; the one defeends to the Church, and the other afeends the Tower: Another private Stone Stair-cafe* of 6 Palms wide, riles from the aulic Gallery to the uppe'rmoft Apartments. The Palace hath, bêfides .thé.Halls and. Saloons, every requifite Accommodation o f Chambers, Antichambers, &c. not only for the royal Perfon ages, but. all their Family; the Range over the Palace ferving for lodging the Ladies and Maids of Honour, thofe of the WaMrobe, with all.their Servants. .- In thè Range under the principal Gallery there are likewife gr$nd Saloons;-, and out of them Accommodations Of all iorts for the whole Family of Servants, as the Chamberlain’s, thofe of the Wardrobe,. thofe of the Bedchamber, Door­ keepers of it, Confeffors, phyficians, Surgeons, Butlers, and all othey Perfons; ferving their Majefties and royal Family. This celebrated Building of the Pa- V o l . II. ■ * 2 H lace 11$ DISSERTATIONS :ON

lace and Convent comprehends in it 870 Rooms, and Doors and Windows to* gether, 5200* T h e Whole Covering o f the Palace is a Flat, affording a moil: delicious Prof- pod, and ferving for a W alk and Recreation. Tw o Stair-cafes, railed m the Coiners of the Libraries, lead to iti and it is entered by tWo Doors, made in the Sides of the Palace; It communicates affo with the two Towers, which give Entrance to it, by the Room wherein is fixed the'Machine for playing the Mufic at ftriking the Hours; and the w'hole Circuit is ornamented with Bands, carved Modillons, &c. and a Co mice over them-. There is an Elevation in thè two Bo­ dies in the Frontifpiece o f the Gallery, to which-; the A'fcent is by three Steps: It. is ornamented on the Gallery Side with a Baluftrade of white Marble, "with two Pyramids at the Corners ; and the other Sides are ornamented with Modillons, Bands and Comice ; and the fame Difpofition is over the’ Gate-ways, • botlr of the one Part and the other. The Terras on the Library Side is more elevated, by two Steps of 5 Palms wide, placed- on the Sides ; it is all adorned with Bands, Modillons, &c. as beforemen­ tion ed : And on the Pedeflals, facing the Garden, it hath- fix' Pyramids placed on the Cornice, and the fame oil the Outlide ; and between them is raffed oh the Com ite, the royal Arms, quartered and ornamented with beautiful Feftòons cut in Stone. Over the antic Gallery runs ail open one, ' pleafant for an Evening’s Walk, with its Baluffrade of white Marble and Cornice, having Entrance to it by two Doors, the one from the Infirm ary, and tire other from thè Ve Bibule of the; Stair-cafe that leads to the Sacridly and Church: There is another Terras and W alk for tire Divertì on of the Convalefcetits, with its Baluffrade and Cornice affo- of white Marble; and another correipondent to it, hath its Entrance by a Room over the Sacriffy. - TheSacrifty is 230 Palms long, and 42 wide, with nine Windows on each Side, and the Vault is ftuccoed. Fronting the Door is a fine Chapel, crulled all over with a beautiful Variety of Stones, euriouily inlaid and mixed, and ornamented with Seraphims, Felloons of Flowers, Efcutcheons with Arms o f the Order; it; hath two Pillars of white Marble reaching up to the Cornice, with Corinthian Ca­ pitals, and there are fimilar ones on the Door Side : The Pavement is chequered with red, white, blue, yellow, and black. The Door is 20 Palms high, and iff broad, and hath its Facade towards the Gallery that leads to the Church, being correfpondent to that by which the Temple is entered; the Frames of thefe Doors1 are of white Marble, projeiting 3 Palms,-with their Cornice and Relieve : The Gallery is all of Stone-work, and thè Walls at Bottom lined with black, and up­ wards, with yellow, black, blue, white and reti, mixed; the Cornice is of white' Marble, the Vault ftuccoed, and the Pavement chequered with white, blue and red. The Palace is inclofed to theEaft by a fine Wall, which encircles three Leagues; it is 15 Palms high, aud 4 thick at the Foundation, though leffening to two- above. Here ate many Herds of Stags, Deer, Fallow-Deer, and Hogs, with which it is plentifully provided, as the Country is not only natural for the breed­ ing them, but affo producing Hares, Rabbits and Partridges, in which it is very abundant, In this Circuit, is feparated a large Gardenffor the Service o f the Convent,which hath five Tanks of Water, One of them. 3 00'Palms long, and' 70 wide: It hath. Orchards of Granges, and Walks inclofed with Efpaticrs of Grapes and feveral 0 titer Sorts of Fruit; with a large Extent of Kitchen Ground, where every Specie o f Pulfe and Greens for a culinary Ule are raffed, by twelver Gardeners, under the Direftion of one of the Friars. I might here add the Ornaments and Veftments for the Service of the Altai’s and Priefts : But though fome of them are certainly very rich, there are none fo ‘ extraordinarily particular, as to encourage my enlarging by a Detail Of them; neither SPAIN! ANb PORTUGAL. Tip neither a m i invited5- by the Grandeur' oft the Plate to in felt its Inventory j but as it is not long) I fhal! here add it.

Plate for the Service- of the Church*

FotirP/xf (for the Communion) gilt, An oval Silver Plate, with a Patena With their Pavilions of Tiilue. in the Middle, arid two Diviiions on the A large Cufhdia, or Tabernacle, for Sides, which are for Cotton,; the Whole the Altar, and another ftnaH one 'for ferving for the Sacrament of the extreme Proceilions. Un£tion. Thirty five- Silver Chalices gilt, with A Pont if cal of Silver, which confiils their Patena^ or Patens. of two-Silver Boxes for Hq/lias. ■ Thirty, twp Cups, with'.their Covers - Three Centers, with their Navetas (or and Plates, that ferve for the Chrifmos Incerile; Pots), and Spoons of Plate. Mafics.' Three Silver Bells. A golden Chalice, with its P'afena and One P or taps.z o f Silver. huneta\ The firft weighing 5 Marks,'' One Silver Crofter.gilt. £ Ounces', ^Eighths, and 30 G rain s: T w o Diilres. chafed. T h e 'Patera, 1 Mark, 5 Ounces, 5. Four Plates. Eighths, and 3.6 Grains; the Luneta Tw o ~ Go mis. Weighs a Ounces,. 4 Eighths, and' $ Twelve fmall Plates for Cruets or lit­ Grains: Which Chalice ferVes to put tle Bottles. into th’e Cofer, with the Sacrament on Three. Palmaforias] with their A tip r Good-Pi'iday-i covered with a white Veil, dores, all embroidered with Gold. 'fthree E f antes of wrought Silver. T w o large Silver Cruets, for tire holy Seven Mitres. Oil. One Faldiforio of Braft gilt.”

Ouvidoria de Alenqm r. This Town was. formerly Capital of the Diilrict, afterwards conferred on Tor- res-Vedrasy and it is not an hundred Years iince the Territories of both, formed one JurifdidtionThe Reafon of their. Divifion was, to feparate the Bands ap­ pertaining to the Crown from thofe belonging to the Queen; and Torres-Vedras was chofen for the Seat of the Correiqaon of fame, wliilif Alenquer remained for the Head of the Ouvidoria of others. This Ouvidoria takes in feverai Lands of the Queen’s Manor, (although feparated with a fufficient Diftinition), viz, the eight following Towns. Towns. Aide a GalUga da Mereiana1 Alenquer, Caldas, Cbamufca> Cintra, Obidos, Salir 'do PortOj and Ulme.

Alenquer. is feated nine Leagues to the North-eafi of Lijbon, and one from the T ow n of Cafanheira, in a pretty high Land, where a little River runs that after­ wards lofes itfelf in the Tagus. It is a Foundation of the Alans, according to the common Opinion; and its true Name was Alanker Kana, which, in the Lan­ guage oft its fin d Founders, . ftgnifted the Temple of the Alum: The exaft Time that nv AJforfa-Henriques recovered it from the Dominion of the Moors, does not appear; though it certainly was between the Years 1148 and i 152, employ­ ing (according to. the Tradition of ancient Writers) above two Months in its Reduftiori. r 1 The firit Perfbn'of the royal Blood, that we find invefted with the Seigniory of this Town, was tire Infanta Donna Sancba> Daughter to Ring Sancho I, who gave it its Charter in the Yeai" r2 r2. 'In Tim e it paffed to feverai other Infantas and Queens of Portugal; in Defence of whofe Party? the Inhabitants have feve- ‘ J ral D I S S E R T A T I O N S

ral Times figliali zed themfelves,. efpetially in-tlieVReVolutioDS- which Jhappehed: on the Death of King Fernando ; and tliey ihevved1 the fame Gonfhmcy^ìn .regard - to the Infanta Donna Sancha, in the Hraiteïied CircumHances that Ajfbnfo 1.1, re­ duced this Place to, when he endeavoured M take from her the.Poifeffion o f this and other Territories,. Under the Government of .KihgPkilip ,11, it was erefted into a Marquifate, for Don Diogo da Sylva, Tail o f Salinas, and fo remained till the. Alteration in tlie Sovereignty rcftored it to its. ancient.Condition. : . . : it is reckoned to contain .60.0' Families, divided into, four,Tanihes mWhich are, the Mother Church of St, Stephen, being a Priory in the Prefentationqf.the Abbeffes of OdìvcUas ; St. Peter, another Priory, in the. Prefentgtion q f fhe iecu- lar Canons of St. John the Evangeli'fi-, f t , Mary of Varzea, and Nojfa Senhora da AJfumpçaon defrianna, both in tlie Queen’s Patronage. . ;... . 7 7'v *7 * The othpr public Buildings confiH in. a Iloufe of Mercy, an Holpital, and three Convents,; viz, that o f Francifcan Briars, being the firii that was hifti- tnted in all the Kingdom, and of which the Infanta T>otma Saneba, Daughter to King Banche I,, was Foundrefs .in the Year 122-2, giving lier own Palace for this Pur pole; that called, the. Oratorio of S , Catharine, inhabited by; a few Friars, o f that Order, and is the firif Site, which thé Infanta who founded it, gave them at a little Diihince from the Town ; and that of; cur Lady o f : the Conception, occu­ pied by Francijcan Nuns, whole Foundation was in the Reign of Ring.^ 2^ 111. Alenqucr is, as I have fail,. the Capital of thé Ouvidoria o f the Queens Terri** to lies, but not Head of the 'Correiçaon, this being moved to Torres-Vedras. Here r elides an Òuvidor (wlio is alfo Prove dor) and -afuiz de Foray and its particular Government is com.pofed of fout Vereadores, a Notary of the Chamber, two Pro- curadores of tile People, aqd other Mimfters. * .. . The Territory of this Place extends, five Leagues from N orth to South, and four from Eaft to Weft, with the fubfequent Parifhes.i Santa Martha de Villa- Nova da Rainha, S. Barthobmeu do Paul, the Efpirito Santo em Ota, Nojfa Senhora da Graça na Alouguia, S. Gregorio de Cabanas de Forres, Nojfa Senhora das Virtu- des, Nojj'a Senhora da Encarnaçàon de Olhavo, . Santa hjuiteria, S. SeHaJHaon, 5 . M i-, gnd, Santa Anna da Carnot a, Nojfa Senhora das Candeas, and Nojfa Senhora. dd Pu- rificaçaon -, and at a long League from the Place Hands theLMonaftery of Matto, inhabited by Jeromiie Friars, which was founded in the Year.. 1400, and. in the Reign of King John I. T h e Alcddana mar of this Place runs in the Houfe of Vafco-Fernandes Cefar de Meneuses ; who, after being Viceroy of. India, was created Earl of Sabugofa, and had the Viceroyalty o f Brafd conferred on him, . , :

Correi çaon de Leiria. There is in this jurifdiétion1 one City with an epifcopal Chair,, and twenty one Townsp of which, Feniche, Seltr, and Pederneira, ■ are Sea-ports, though only capable of receiving finali Veffels ; and the City o f Leiria is Head o f the D iftrift. ' City. ■ Leiria„ Towns. AJcobaqa, Alfeizaraon, Aljubarrota, Alpedriz, Alvominha or Alburninha, A i on-, ■ giiia, Bataìha, Santa Cathànna, Cella, Coz, Ega, Ever a, S, Martinho, Mayorga, Pederneira, Feniche - Ponibàl, Redinha, Salir do Matto, .Saure, Furquèï. Notei The Tow n of Seltr do Porto belongs to. the Óitvidoda'ài Alsngiiers Leiria is feated 1 between the City o f Coimbra (Handing to thé North), the Tow n o f Santarem to the South, and Fhomar to fhe Bait,, The Situation of its; Çaflle.is on ait Eminence, as. is the firH Settlement ; B qt now.the City fpreads itielfi, in a pleafant, ; delightful. Valley, to the South and EaH, watered by the . ' River SPAIN AND PORTUGAL, i u River Liz\ which, leaving the City and Cattle to the Left, turns northward by the Suburbs, till it joins the River Lena, which flows on the other Side of the Caftle; and thus incorporated, runs for the Space of four Leagues, till they both lofe themfelves in the Ocean. Slighting the fabulous Accounts which fume Authors give of this City's Foun­ dation,. I fhall only regard what comes confirmed concerning it, viz. that it had its Rife from the .Caftle, built by King Affonfo-Hetiriquei, in the Year 1135 (prior to. any other Settlement), to cruih the Moors of San tar cm and its Neigh­ bourhood, and to facilitate the Conqueft of Ejlremadura. This Fortification was extremely ftrong for thofe Times, being eredted on a Hill or Rock, and girt with large good Walls, in which are ftill feen the ruinated Remains of feveral Towers: However, it was conquered by the floors, under King Ifmarius, five Years after its Foundation; who, improving the opportune Jun&ure which prefented itfelf by the Disputes between King Affonfo-Henriques and his Coufin Affonfo VII. of Leon, took it in 11.40; but it was recovered in the fame or the following Year, as appears from the aforefaid Prince’s Charter, granted to the inhabitants in the Year-1142, wherein he declares Ills Infehtidit to reedify it: In 1195, it again re­ turned under the Modrijh Dominion; but was immediately regained by King San- cbo I, according to the pew Privileges he gave it, on the 13 th of April in the fame Year. K in g Dennis in veiled the Queen Sdnta Ifabel With the Honours of this Place, on the 4th of July, 130a, who greatly enlarged the Caftle by new Works; it had formerly belonged to Queen Pherefa, Daughter to K ing Affonjb-Henriques, and alio to a Son of the Infante Don Affonfo, Brother to the aforefaid King Dennis: On MonarqL the Death of Santa Ifabel, it returned to the CroWn, where it remained incorpo- i[T‘.I7, clp.'jt. rated till the Reign of King Fernando, who granted it to Queen Leonor; and, being given a little while after to her Brother Don Gomqalo, .King John I. revoked the Gift,, and declared that it fhould never more be feparated from the royal Patrimony. T o this Period Leiria had only the Privilege of a Town, though it was one of the fineft in the Kingdom; and did not obtain the Title of a City till the Reign o f John III. Here the Cortes commenced for the Swearing of King Du- rate, which were afterwards continued at Santareni, as is feen in the Chronica dos Reg names. Lirs> its epifcopal Dignity began in the Year 1545, by a Bull of Pope Paul III; difmembering for this Furpofe the Parilhes in the Diftribt of the new City,which belonged to the Mitre of Coimbra, ftill termed the old Bifhopric, and others of the Archbifliopric of Lijbon, to which is given the Name of the new Biihopric i The Churches difannexed from Coimbra, were in the Prefentation of the royal Monaftery of Santa Cruz, of regular Canons, given them by King Affonfo-Hen- riques, cfpecially the Collegiate of Noffa Senhora da Penba, changed into a Caths- cbron. do« dral; but Being finall, and out of the Way, as ieated in the Caftle, the Biihop grant, par.i. D on Fr.Gafpar doCafal founded the new See, which ftill remains. Tins Biihopric ]lv-s- “ p-1!- runs North and South for nine Leagues, and eight from Eaft to Weft, con­ taining forty Parilhes. .The Chapter of this Place is cqmpofed of five.Dignitaries,, ten Canons, four Half-Canons,, and feventeen ffuartanarios (or Quarter-Canons): The Dignities are, a Dean, Chanter, Treafurer, Sehoplmafter, and Archdeacon. In the City are 900 Families, to which the Cathedral Church ferves as a Pa- ■ fifh; and in the Suburbs', with the adjoining Mountains, 730, dependent on the rPatifh of dkwriqyo.-Befides the futaptuous Fabric of the See, there is yet within the Walls the parochial Church'of St. Peter, whofe Parifhioners are extramural, divided into two different Diftridts; that of Barr of a, containing 537; and .that of-Poufos, 380, VOL. II. * 2 I The 12 2 DISSERTATIONS on The other Edifices are* a Houle of Mercy, an Hofpital; and four Convents $ ‘ that o f St. Francis, Friars Obfetvantes, founded by King John I; that of the An- gujVtJi Hermits j the Capuchin Arrabids Friars, a Foundation of Bifiiop Phdro Vieira da Syha; and the Dominican Nuns, Lciria feivcd formerly for the Refidence o f feveral Princes, efpeciatly to K ing Dennis and tire Queen Sa?ita TfabeV, and the Cories have 'been celebrated in. it on feveral Oceafions, viz. in the Reign of KingAffonfo III. in the.Yeaf 1254, and in that of King Durate hi 1437. Its A lt ai dan a mbr (or Lieutenancy) hath been for many Years enjoyed by the Marquiffes of Villa-Real: It is the Refidence of a Corregedor, Prove dor,' and Jid z de Fora-, 'and its Anns are*, a Crow upon a Pine-tree. 1 •j ■ '■ ■ Cofrcicaon de Deo mar. . This Correction is fo ancient* and o f fueh Extent, that th eD iilriils o f Lciria. and Ourem are Compofed out o f it. In this Territory are two different Jurifdic- tions, Plough united under one Miniffer only, viz. the Correigaonoi Thornar* and the Ouvideria of Pie Order of Chrifi* the fiiff in regard to the royal; Right,, and the other refpedling that of Pie Maher. The Prerogative of Tbomars being Plead o f the Correlation, hath been denied by fome Authors } and, among them,

Monarch. L'.t- by the ChronologiilFr, Antonio Bratidaon* giving it to Abrantes, with the Pretext h;. locru 5* lu'-y. cap.27. that the Tide of CcmgAfo' belonged to that Place, and that oCOuvUor to Tbomarr Which Opinion they founded on a Tradition* that Pie Ccrregedores were obliged to refide fix Months in Tbomar, and an equal Term in Abrantes; and thole of the latter renewing their Pretentions in the laff Cories,, their Procurators 'were nonfuited, and Tbomar continued in the quiet Poffeffion of the Privilege which it before enjoyed. And it is certain that Pie Defembargo do P a p always wrote to the Qnvidcr of the Order o f Cbrijl, with the Title of Corregedor of Tbomar, and not Corregedor o f Abrantes i and when the faid Minifler was ablent, or otherwife hindered from officiating, he fubftituted the Ju iz de Fora of Tbomar, which he would not have done if Abrantes had been the fupeiior, for in this Cafe it would have been natural he tliould have preferred Pie other. Sometimes it happened that thele MinUlers difpatched by two different Orders, the one from the Defem­ bargo do Pap, and Pie other from the Mefa da Confcicncia; but they did not relin­ quish their Poffeffion, although they a died only by the f u ll: He was therefore i lit it led CorregtJor of Tbomar, for what touched the. King as Sovereign; and Ou- vidor of the Order of Cbrijl, for what refpefled the Kiiig as grand Mailer > and fo the Offices of the Order are provided by the Mefa da Confciencia, and thofe of the DiftriiSt by the Defembargo do Pap, Finally, after the Grant made by Kiiig John V* of the Lordihip of Abrantes to die Marquis de Pontes (as will be remarked in the DefcripPon of that Town), it is not to be doubted that Tbomar ha Pi the Tide of Head of Pie Corretcaon. This Correieaon is compofed of nineteen Towns, exclufive of thofe appertain­ ing to Particulars* viz. Abiul* Agaas-Bellas, Alvaro, Alvarez, Amendoa, Arega, Dornas, Ferreira, Figuciro dos Vinhos, Macaas de Caminho, Maqaon, Pampiibofa* Payo de 1 \-k, Pedrogaon grande, Plus, Ponte de Sor* Punbetc, Pufhz, Sovereira-Fermojd, Ki homar, f tiia dedRey, . Beiidcs the aforementioned .Towns, there are fome belonging to Particulars,- foch as Abrantes and Sardoal to the Marquis o f ’Abrantes-, AJfinccira, Atalaya, and ‘I uncos, to Pie Earl of Atalayd,

Tbomar Hands in an agreeable Plain, three Leagues from the Banks of the River Tagus, and at a little Defiance, from the Ruins o f the ancient Nabancia, from whicn it is fe pa rated by the River Fbabaon to the Fail. It was1 founded by Don Galdim Paes, Mailer of the Templars, in the Reign of King Affonfo-DenAqa.es* L rltl. 3. Iw,y c.p.27. but in what Year is very uncertain: The Author of the third.Part of Monarchies ’ . Luftana, SPAIN a n t> PORTUGAL. 'huf.ianay influenced thereto by- fome Conjectures, is inclined to belike. that Tbomar.\vas founded before the Year 11371 and the Continuator, in the fixth Volume o f the fame Hiffory, affirms, that King Affonfo-Henriques made a Dona­ Tom. Ü. llv. I g . tion td DonGaldim B a e Mailer of the Order of the Templars y o f the Lands and Cap.II) T o w n 'o f Tbomar % .then, defer ted, ami without any other Settlement than that of the Caille'of Ger.as± .in the Year 1 147 ;, as alfo that the laid Mailer .gave it its Charter in that Year 1, a, little after he makes Mention .of two other CharterS,- granted.it by the faid Don. Golding in 1162 and 1174. Eut,-againil the Opinions of tliefe two Chronologers, there is alledged an an-, cient Infcription, which fays, that .the Town.of Tbomar -was begùn building on. the i f t o f March, of Ccfaf s.Era, 119S, which correfponds to .the Year of our Re­ demption, 1x60: This Infcriptiqn,. is feen near tlxe Steps whichfgo uprto the Convent’s Church-yard of the Order of Cbrift in Tbomar; and is repeated hi the Place called Porta da Rqinha-, and again (according to fome Memorials) in the Caflle of AlmeiroL ., 1 A ll that can be determined in this Affair, is, that feveral W ritings, by which the Antiquity of Tbomar. is pretended to he proved, ought not to be preciiely un- derilood of,the prefent Settlement; for the Name of Tbomar (as Doctor Fr.Fran- eifeo Brandaon acknowledges) was invented by the. Arabs, and applied by them to fignify thé alxcient City of Nab and a, and alfo the River Nabaon, changing the Names that they bore till that Time: In which Manner, though the Donation of Tbomar was made by King Affonfo-Henriques, to the Mailer Don Galdim Paes, in the Year 1147,. it does not from hence follow, that he gave him the prefent Town, but only the Site to build it on ; which alfo feems to be iliewn by the Context of the aforefaid Donation, as therein it is. faid, all that Country was a Defert, and without any other Settlement in that D;ft.’,

Year ï 520. T h e o th e r Edifices confift in a Houfe of Mercy, ah Hofpital, four Convents, and fome Churches. Among the Convents, that of the Order of Chrifi hath thé firft Place, being Head of that Community, and is feated to the weft ward o f the Town, o n a Mourn tain, which On 'tills Side ferves it for a W ail. Its principal Chapel is the W ork of the often mentioned Don Galdivi Pats, Mailer o f the Femplars-r The Choir and-

Body of the Church owe their Being to King Manoel ; and thé reft of the Fabric, with the Offices, to King John ‘III, K ingSehajliati, and thé tvVo P hilip s. This Convent is fo lafge and fumptubhs, as to have lodged and entertained'lèverai of the Kings of Portugal and CaJHIe With a fuitable Decency ; andhere the Cortes, of 1^8 ï, were celebrated, vAxtp. P hilip l\ . o lC a jlile , and I. oi Portugal, had himfelf declared Idwful Snccefibr o f‘this laft Kingdom;-. Its conventual Superior has the

T itle o f Dopi Prior, and General of the. Order o f Chrijb: ■ : u . - .■

The other Convents ±rè, that of the Francifcàn Friars/of the Province éàlled o f the City, founded in 16^5; that of Santa Iria , occupied by Nuns of the fame Order, and built in the Year 1476, in the fame Place where there;was Formerly a Monaftery o f BèneâiBïnes, celebrated for1, the Martyrdom'of the afoféfkidyïrgïri

Santa Iria ; that of the Capuchin1 Friars of the Province of Piety, the Time of whofe Foundation is uncertain. -7; The fpiritual Jurijfdiétion of this Town, and other Territories1 belonging to the Order, depend on the Prelate of Phomar ; which is a Dignity almoft- epiicopah and of which particular Mention will be made in the Chapter of the 'etclefiafticai ones o f this Kingdom. Its Diftrict extends to eleven or twelve Par liftés. - r :

Owvtdoria de Abrarríes, ' Had its Beginning in the Reign of King John V , by a Grant made to Rodrigó Pedro Eannes de Sa, e Meneases, of the Lordíhip of Airantes, he being then fix tit Earl of Penaguiaon, and third Marquis o f Fontes 3 to the Royalty of the Town, that Prince added all the Liberties, Exemptions and Privileges, with,which the Kings had poífeíléd it, and at the lame time erefted it into a Marquifite.

Abrantes ftands nine Leagues to the eaftward of Santare nr, upon the northern- Banks of the Pagus: It is fituated on an Eminence, encompafted by Gardens and Olive-yards, which affords it a very agreeable Profpeét. This Town was an­ ciently called Pa.bu.cci, according to the Interpretation which feveral Geographers have put on the Itinerary Imputed to Antoninus, though fome others attribute it to the Town of P’ancos; the Hiftory of the Goths ipeaks of the Name of Abl'antes, of which it Is not eafy to give the true Etymology. Tiré-' certain Year of its. Foundation does not appear, but there are ftrong. Conjectures of its-being very ancient; for in the Reign of OBavius Augufius, the Inhabitants of Abrantes con­ curred in the Building of a Temple, which one Aridius, Propretor of Lufttania, founded in Honour of that Emperor; But in cafe of its Having all- this Anti­ quity, it at the fame time is very unlucky in having1 no-Remembrance appear of it for above a thou land Years, until the Reign of King Affionf Henrifues-, who, jointly with large Traits which.he gained from the Moors-, between the Years. 1 14 & and 1154, recovered' alfo the Town of Abrantes.; In 1179, it was befieged by tlie Sons o f the Miramaniolim o f Morocco-, and-did not fuffer a little from them, as appears by the Charter whicb King Ajenjo-He fi­ nques. gave it in die aforefaid Year,, as,he therein fays, his Intention was4 tb‘re- ftore and people it. , . ri ■ . Among thofe yriio have poífeíléd this Seigniory, is firft-reckoned the Queen Santa IJabd, to .whom ViStig.Dennis granted iron the z^&oFMay,. i2'87; giving her at tlie fame time the Altai daría mor of the Place, and-the Patronage, of its Churches. In the Reign of King Manoel, it belonged to "the Infante Don Fer­ nando S P A I N a N D P O R T U G A L. nando ? and, On -bis Demife, returned to the Crown, in tire fame manner,as the Dukedom of Guarda did: One of his Anceftors, King Affonfo V. had erected A brantis into an Earldom, in Favour of Don Lopo de Aknctda, and fo it defeended to his Grandfon and Namelake ; whole Son, Don Antonto de Almeida, never had the Title, but was Alcalde mûr o f A brantis, and Lord of Surdonl Donna Ifabel de M euezes, Grand-daughter to the laid Antonio, fucceeded in this Family, and Was married to Joaon Rodrigues de Sa, firft Earl o f Penaguiaon-, by which means thole Perfonages became PoffeiTors o f the Houfe o f A b r antes. This Town is of fo much Importance for the Security of Ejlremadura, that' KingFe/er II. refolved on.making it a regular Fortification; and entrufted the Works to the Care of the.Ead of Soure, Don J o a n n C o jla * , .. The Inhabitants of A br antis are divided into four Pari (lies, confining o f 1053 Fires, making 3498 Souls; the Fariihes are, theCollegiates of S. Vicente, S-.Joaon Bm ttifta, and Santa Maria do Gajlelh, and the Priory of S , Pedro, Here is alfo a Houle of-Mercy, an Hofpital, and four Convents, v iz . one oi.Noffa Senhora da \Çonfolaçaon, of Dominican Friars, built firft without the Town in the Year 1472^ by D on Lopo de Almeida, firft Earl of A b r antes, and afterwards moved within the Town by King M anod. in 1509; that of Santo Antonio, occupied by Capuchin Friars of the Province da Piedade, founded in the Year 1526; that of NojJ'a Sen­ hora da Graça, o f Dominican Nuns, who there firft made Profeffion of that Order, having before been regular Canons,, fubjedt to tire Bifhops of Guar da ; and that o f Nojfa Senhora da Efperança, o f Fraud]can Nuns, the Time of whofe Founda­ tion is unafeertained. The Diftridt of Abrantes extends five Leagues, as well from North to South, as from Eaft to Weft, having in it fourteen Parifhes. Its Arms are four Flowers de L uce, in a Field azure, with four Crows, and in the Middle a Star.

Omndoria de Ohrem, Is but of very narrow Bounds, having in it only feven Towns appertaining to the moft ferene Houfe of Bragança. Towns. Ague da, Avellar, Cbaon de Couce, Macanas de D . M aria, Ourem, Porto de M oz, and Pcufa-Fhres,

Ourem ftands-about three Leagues Weft of Phomar, feated on the Summit of a Mountain, which on every Side makes an Advance to it troublefome. The moft ancient Notices that we have of this Place, is, its having been taken from the Moors by K in g Affonfo-Henrlques, between the Years 1148 and 1154, in the fame manner as in this Interspace of Time were Lhemar, AJenquer,

V o l . II, 7 * 2 K T h e m6 DISS ER T A T IONS - o The Town contains 930 Families, belonging all to one collegiate Church, de-- dicated toi s offa Scnbora daM ifericordia, in which are a Prior, Chanter; Head Trea- hirer, and ten Canons, in the Prefentation of the Dukes of Bragûnca-, this Col­ legiate was inftituted in the Reign of King Affonfo V,-'by Pope Eugenius IV , at the Inftance of F>on Affonfo, firft Earl o f Our cm, arid'Marqüïs oïValeiiça, and in- corpòrated in it fourParilhes which were till then in the Town, viz. Santa M a­ ria, S. Pedro, S.Joaon, and Santiago ; the QiàTionAffonfo, Founder of this Church, lies buried in a fumptuoiis Tomb, erefted for him ina Chapel under the Choir. The other Edifices are, a Houfe of Mercy,-an Hoipital, and a Convent of Capu­ chins, o f the Province da Soli da de, built'an the Year 1602,; at a little Diftance from the Town. Its Terfitory. extends feven Leagues- round ; in which _are 119 Villages, divided into-four Parilhes, with 17.23 Families. . . .. Ourem formerly belonged to the Archbiihopric of Lijbon-, hut it was1 feparated, to enlarge the Bifhopric of L eiria , in the Reign of King John III ^ and this, among other Towns, acquired the Name of the. nemo Bijhopric. It ferve s as a Re- fidence to an Ouvidor and J u iz de Fora, which the moft ferene Houfe of F ru ­ gane a appoints.

* Correiçaou de Sant arem, Comprehends fifteen Towns, which \\zsz.Santarem for its chief ; 'with the-Li­ mitation as will be hereafter exprefled. Towns. AJcanede, Alcoentre, Alm eirim , A v oir as de Cima, A voir as de Ciaxo, Azam buja, Azambujeìra, E rra, Golegana, Lamerofa or Villa das Eng A as, Montargli, Mugem, Sahaterra de Magne, Santarem, Lorres-Nbvas. The greateft Part of thefe Towns are not fubjedt to the Corregedor o f Santa­ rem, as they belong to Particulars ; viz. Lorres-Novas, with the Title of a Mar- qui fate, runs always in the Heir to the Houfe of Aveiro ; Mugem appertaining to the Dukes of Cad aval ; Aveiras de Cima to the Earls of A veiras ; Azambujeira belonging now to the Earls of Saure, as Alcoentre does to the Earls of Vtmteiro ; E rra is the Earl of A iala yd s ; Lamerofa, or Villa das Enguias, calls Manoel Lelies de Menezes, Lord; Azambuja and Mont argil, which were of the Houfe of the Ro­ ll ms de Mo ara, at the Requeft of the laft Pofieilor, Don foam Rolim, who died without Succeffion, they paifed by Grant from the King to the fécond Son of the Earl of Val de Reys; and Alcanede is in Pofieffion of the Order of A v iz .

Santarem is fituated about fourteen Leagues to tire North-eail of Lijbon, in a beautiful Plain, which ferves as a Crown to feveral Mountains, divided from one another by pleafant fruitful Vales. It has the Figure of a Half-Moon, whofe Horns look to the Eaft, and both hanging over the River Lagus ; in that to the North, hands the Citadel; and in that to the South,, the S uburb. of P er Aro ; and: between them are two large Valleys, that extend .to the Strand, one of which is called the Ribeira, and the other Alfange Afcending from thefe to the Height of the Town, feveral others are difeovered; among which the principal is that of AJcavfva, within the Citadel,, to the Eaft; .thofe o f Atàmarma, M ouraria, and . Requeixo, to the North; thofe of S, Nicolao and ò f M ilagre, to the Weft; and that of M arvilla, in the Center of the Place, which Name extends.to all the Town above the Alfange and Ribeira: B elides thefe-Wards, there, are two extra Mur os, one called from its Situation Fora da V illa, and, the other.Calçada do Monte, both feated weft ward. This Town is encompaifed by an ancient W all,, with.feveral large Towers, ibme Iquare, and others round, in which it appears thé Wards of, the Ribeira and Alfange were comprehended. Its Gates were formerly fix, but at prefent only four are preferved, v iz . that of Atamarma to . the North ; the Poftem of ’ Carr eira, S PA IN and PORT l) GAL. Carreira, and the-Gate bfM anfos, to the W eft; and that o f Vallada to the South ; the other two, for fome Time paft condemned, were the Gate of L e ir ia , and the Poftern of Santo EJhrvaon, weitward : Befides which, fome add another Gate or Pofterm The Citadel, commonly called ¿Hear,ova, is encircled by the fame old W all, ex­ cept a fmall Part which looks towards the Town'; It has at prefent a modem Building, ereCted by K ing Affonfo VI, which is a Specie o f Ilorn-work, without -the true Regularity of A rt; confuting only bf two femi Bulwarks reaching to the Cordon, and the Flank of one of them begun without a Curtain or any Out- Wbrk. This Citadel hath two Gates ; that of the Sol fo the Eaft, upon the 'Ta­ gus ; and that of Alca^oba to the Weft, which maintains the Correipondence .with the Town. The Foundation of Santarem is ftrppofed to be very ancient; as it was a Place lo coiifiderable in the Time of the Romans, that, befides their eftabiifhing a Co­ lony in it, under the Title of Brafidnim Julium, they raifed it to the Preemi­ nence of a Convento Juridies, or Chancery; being one of the three in L ujiiania, with a much greater Jurifdibtion than the others of M erida and Beja, extending to the River Douro, and comprehending all B eira, the Lands of Ribacoa, Part o f Tras os Montes, and of the Kingdom of Leon. This Prerogative (though with fome1 Alteration) it obtaihed, after coming under the Dominion of the Kings of Portugal, who eftablifhed in it a high Court of J uftice, and another for civil A f­ fairs; which remained till the Reign of King John I, when it was removed to L ijbon i and, in the Time of P h ilip II, of Spain, it was transferred to Porto. It was very anciently called Scalabis; but the Etymology of the Name being very wncertain, I fhall rather excufe an Attempt to clear it up, than relate fictitious Traditions which have been offered by the Injudicious to this Purpofe. Santarem was loft by the general Invafion of the Moors, and regained by King Affonfo VI. o f Leon, on the 21ft of A p ril, 1093, as is related in the Gothic Hif- tory; and he gave it its Charter, on the 13th of November, 1095, after which it again foon paffed under the Dominion of its late Matters. In the faid Charter, the K ing calls it Santa Herena-, from which, in Procefs of Time, it corruptly got its prefent Appellation, introduced infenfibly, and originated from the Sepulchre o f Santa Irene or Iria , martyred in the City of Nabancia in the Year 653, in the Reign o f Reccefvindo K ing o f Spain, and was buried near to Scalabis, between the Waters of the Tagus: It is Hkewife to be noted, that, in this Charter, Santarem had the Title of a City, being filled Civitas SanBce Herence. In the Year 1 147; K ing Affonfo-Tknriques took tins Town by Surprize, on the •15th o f M arch, either at Night or Day-break, which was looked on as one of the bold eft ACtions o f thole Times : And in his Reign it was twice befieged by the Moors $ the fir ft Attempt was made by the King of Seville, in the Year 1171, on which Occaiion King Affonfo made a Sally from the Place, and fo vigoroufly at­ tacked the Infidels, that he gained a complete Vi ¿lory; the fecond Effort was in the Year 1184, by the APramamolim of Morocco, when the Infante Don Sancho commanded within, who being fuccoured by the late victorious Prince, they ' cut their Enemies to Pieces, and the Minamamolim foon afterwards died of his ■ Wounds. " From this fortunate Reign," the Inhabitants enjoyed great Privileges; though, in Procefs of Time* the royal Officers occafionbd them fome Vexations, and of .which they complained in the Cortes o f L eir ia , held by K ing Affonfo III. in the Year 1254: Which Prince not; only commanded the ftriCt Obfervance of- their ancient Privileges,-. but added new ones to-them. It -has been honoured with the regal Residence of feveral of the Portuguefe ;K ingsfrom whence fprings thePreferv'atibn, even totliis.Day,of feveral titled Houfes1 and prime Nobility yet in' the Town: And1 although it does not now enjoy DISSERTATIONS QN.

enjoy the Pteetnincnce of a City, with which it was formerly honoured, its Pro- curators it ill retain, at the Meeting of the Cories, the fifth Seat on the firft Bench for Cities, being oilly preceded by tliofe of Lijbcti, Ever#, Porto, and Coimbra - and here the faid Caries have been celebrated on feveral Occaiions, as in the Reigns of John I, Curate, his Son, and John II. This Town contains 2169 Fires, with 7552 Communicants, as appears from the Roils in j 723 ; which are divided into thirteen Parfthes, v iz . the;royal Col­ legiate of Santa Maria da Alca^ova (of which I fhail preiently treat mote largely) j that o f Nojfa Senbora de M artilla, S. Salvador, S> Nicolao, Santo Ejievdon, S* Jo* liaon, b'.h ou r etico, S. Martinho, S. Joaon in the Ward of Aifange, Santa bia-m Ribeira Ward, Santa Cruz, Santiago, and S.Mattheus. The royal Collegiate of Santa Maria de Alca$cva was founded by,the Knights Templars; to whom King Ajfonfo-Henriques gave all the ecclefiaftical Rights of Saniarem, in Satisfaction of a Vow that he liad made in cafe he conquered it; which appears by a Wriling of the faid Grant, bearing Date in A p ril, 1147. The Tear of its Building was 1154, according,to an Infcription on the Door o f the. faid Church: But as there it fays, that it was erected by Order of Hugo, M ailer; of that Order, and, on the contrary, feveral Memorials mention that the Mailer Don G al dim was then, living; it mull be underftood that Mafter Hiigo, o f whom the Writing Jpeaks, was Mailer-general of the Order, who commonly reiided at Jerufakm , and that Mailer GaUrn was only fo o f the Portuguefe Knights, In the Year x 159, the Templars yielded this Church to DonGilberto Bjlhop of Lijbcn (who founded a College in it) in Exchange for the Caftle of Ceras, which the King gave them; and the fame was tranfafted with the Church-of Nojfa Sen- bora de M artilla, which alfo belonged to the aforefaid Order, This Collegiate con fills of a Prior; three Dignitaries, which are a Chanter, Schoolmafter, and Head Treafurer; feventeen Canons and four femi Canons: For many Years pail it has belonged to the military Order of A v jz , which hath there a good Commen- dam, that runs in the Houfe of the Earls of Unhaon. The other public Edifices here, are, a Houfe o f Mercy, a royal Hofpital, and two others; eleven Convents of Friars, and two Cloyfters of Nuns; v iz . that of da Smitijfima Trindade, which is the firft of the faid Order in the Kingdom, and was founded by K ing AfonJb II, in the Year 1318 ; the Monastery das Donas, o f Dominican Nuns, commenced by Donna Elvira Duranda in the Year 1240, in a Situation near to the Francifcan Convent, from whence they removed- to their prefent one in 1280; that of Dominican Friars, which was at firit feated in the Ward o f Ribeira, till they removed to where their Convent now ft and s> in 1225, K ing Sancho IL then reigning; that of the Francifcan Obfervantes Friars, being a Foundation of the faid Prince Sancho H. in the Year 1242; the Convent of Nojfa Serihora da Graqa, occupied by religious Hermits of Saint AugujUn, founded in the Year" 137Ó, by Don Joaon Affonfo Tollo de Menezes, Earl of Ourem-, that o f Santa Clara, o f Francifcan Nuns, founded by King Affonfo III; in the Year 1259, and inhabited in 1272; that of the Monks of S . Bento, founded in 1571, in a Si­ tuation which the Infanta Donna M aria, Daughter to King Manvel, gave to the Order; that of S. Joaon Bautijla, of Cafuchin A^rabides, being a Foundation of Don Joaon de hancajlro, Grandfon to the Duke-mafter Don Jorge, Anno 1589; that ot do Carmo, Friars Carmelitas Dejca jos, who came to. fettle in this. Place on the 24th of July, 1646, on a Spot near-to the Gate de.Manfos, and remained .there till the 8 th of December, 1647, when they, removed to where they now are; it was' built by the Ccuntefs of Faro, and her Daughter the Duchefs of Caminba ■ . T h e - College of Jefm ts, who, coming to this Town on the 7th of May, 1621, lodged' 1 in a Hoiife and Hermitage of Santo Antaon, near S. Lázaro, -und removed to,the Hermitage of Y Sebajhaon, which is of the Diftritit ; and from thence, on the óth o f May, IÓ51, to '.their prefent Situation, which was a royal Palace, and a Dona- S P A I N A N d PORTUGAL. tion. o f King John IV’s, by a Writing, dated,the i4tli of Ju ly , 1647, to the faid Fathers, on Condition that they ihould build a Room for the Kings when they came to that Town ; but this Obligation no longer fubfifts, as it was redeemed Or epffanchifed by a pecuniary Equivalent, in the Reign of Queen L u iz a i and in the Year 1662. The Convent oi-NoJfa Senhora da Piedade> o f Auguftin Defeated, begun in. the Year 1675, when their Church was confined to the Hermitage of S. Seb'afimn } which they preferved till their Remove to their new one, on the 4th of February, 1690'; This Church was founded by King Ajfonfo VI, on the. 29th o f January, 1664; and King Pedro, whilit he was Regent, gave it to the faid.Fathers, by a Decree, bearing Date the 1 qth of M arch, 1668. The College of .Santa Catharine occupied by Friars of the Order of Fercera deft. Francifco, feated without the Town ;. and founded for a Convent of that Order, and a 'Chapter-houie, in .the. Year 1470, by King A fo n fo V , from whence they removed into the T ow n in the Year 1617; arid hr 1633, the faid Convent was converted into a College, giving it the Name it at prefent bears. The Convent of Nofa Senhora de Jefus, o f the laft mentioned Order of Friars, founded in the epifcopal Palace, which, was.given them by Don Miguel de Cafiro Archbiihop of hifbon ;' Which the faid Monks re- . moved to, from their Convent, afterwards made a College, as hath .been juft now related. There is likewife in this Town a Houfe of . Retirement, named Noffa Senhora dos Innocentes, inhabited by Female Reclufes, called Capuchins, who follow the firft Rule of S.Francifco^ and pretend to profefs it; this Retreat Was founded by the Brotherhood of Ferceiros de S. Francifco, on Innocents Day, in the Year r 678, Upon the. Rums of .an Hofpital, built there, with the fame Title, by the Queen S a n ta IfabeU and was given them .for the laid Purpofe by Queen Maria Franc fed Ifabel de Saboya, the firft Wife of King Pedro II. This Town of Santarem is the Head of a Corrdqaon ; and the Refidence of a Corregedor, Pr&ue dor t Ju iz de Fora, Juiz dos Orfanos, and a J u iz do Fombo reaU who is always a Defembargador. Its Arms are a Tower,with, three Bulwarks upon ' a River,-and the royal Arms of Portugal upon the Gates of the Tower.

A F iji of the Churches in the Archdeaconry of Santarem, with the Number of Fires and Communicants, taken m the Year 1724. Fires. Perfons Parifh.es witliin thè To.wn of Santarem, of Cora; The Collegiate of Santa M aria da Alca$ova; *■ ->'- - - - 29 129 S,.Martinho7 7------3 9 209- Nofs Senhora de M arvilla, ------300 92 1 S. Nicolao, 4 ° 3 1 4 3 4 O Salvador, 4 3 4 r'5 23- O SantO'Mtlagre'i Santo Efevoca, : 3 7 482 S . Juhaon, -- - * * ' ------84 293 ■■■S. fourenco, ------* - ■ 2 '5 72 S.Joaon de Aìfauge, - - - * -7- -■ ~ " r-, - -■ - ' I'3 ° : 4C5 >Sanfa~CtuZi .7 '/ * J V - - - — ’ ' - - - '-*'ss ■. 6 ? 3 S. Mattkeus, , A - - r ------, - •• H . -3 ° Santa Irla fna Ribeifa, - ' - ‘ f ' - 7 .- 3 7 9 1242 Santiago da Jurifdic^aon de Fhomar., ■ - *■ - ' 7 - . - 40 9

2169 7 6 5 z;

Voi.. II. - * 2-' L Churches 13 ° D ISS E RT AT I O N S; 0 N ' Churches without the Town. ■ Fires. Piribtis oí Com* Santa Maria Magdalena das Alcubertas, - - ZOq 571 Santo Antonio das Pragoas, - - - - " 124 344 SCjoaon da Zibretta, 3 I I 916 I93 S. Pedro diiAmfana, . 543 Efptrito Santo da Ireira, - - - - ¿6 -r 5° Ah S. da Purificagaon de Aicoentre, - - *57 484 Ah A. da Efperanga do Valle, '- - - - 150 369 A. Paulo da Villa de.Sahaterra, - - - - 376 7 070 Ah S . da Concéigaon da Villa de Muge, ; - - ■ 345 443; Santa Martha de Mongàon, ------70 ; 2 17 'S. Jöaon Bautißa de. Almeirhn, -1 - - - - 280. 800 Santo EufiacHo de Alpiaga, - - — ~ 281 721 Efpirito Santo de V al de Caballos, - - - . 207 548 Ah S. da ExpcBagaon da Vallada, - - -> - - . 2 96 780 Ah S . da Purficacaoti de Pontevel, - - - - - 192 ‘ 546' Ah S. do Rafano de A dirai de Baixò, - - - ' t í o 273 Ah S- da Purificandoti de Aveiras de Cima, - - - TI4 322 S. ‘Joaon Bautifia do Cartaxo, - - - . - - 470 1206 Santa Adaria de Almofier, ------3 66 982 Ah &. do Rofario'da Azambujeira, - ' - - - - ■ % *54 Ah S . da Concéigaon de Rio-Mayor, - - - - - 481 1421 Ah. 1?. da Ribeira da Cortigada, 73 '2 3 1 S. Gregorio da Arruda dos Ptfoens, - - - - 49 *53 Ah S. da Concéigaon das AbitoiA ras, - - - - - 291 875 S. P ra z da Romeìra, ------65 207 Ah. S. da Purificaron da Villa de Alcanede, - - - 595 1Ó31 Santiago de Tremcz, ------17* 545 Santa Margarida da Abran a, - - - - - 201 5°9 San Lourenco do Arneiro das MUharigaJj - - 16.9 ,3 8 8 Ah S. da Concéicaon da Vargea, ~ - - - - I47 497 Ah S. da Graga de Azoya de Cima, - - - - 97 270' Ah S. da Conceigaon de Arroya de Eaixo, - - - - 50 16 7 Ah A. da L u z da Povoa dos Gallegos, - 66 *95 Arf///

Parifhes of the Vicarage da Vara, pf the Town of Gokgana y , belonging to. the aförefaid Archdeaconry.

Santa Maria do Pinheiro grande, - - : - - - - 128 " 372 IL. S. da Conceicaoii da Gokgana, ------59° 1320 A. B ra z da Villa da Cbanrufca, - - ' - - - - - 489 1528

10178! 2878S SPAI N AND P QR TU G A L.

10x78 2878S

Santa María da Villa de XJlme, ------209 5 9 ° N . S. da Conceipaon do Chuto, ------92 2 7 7

Paridles of the Vicarage da Vara, o f the Town o f Erra, he- 10479 29655 longing to the fame Archdeacon iy. S.M attheus da Villa, da E rra, ------. - 119 5 ° 7 Santo Jldefonfo de Montar gil, ------277 872, S. Jofepb da Villa de. Lame roja, . - - _ _ _ 5 7 * 5 7 Santa Jujla, ■ - - - ; ------7 8 ■ 233 Santo,Antonio da Rapcfa, . ~ ------3 ° 121 Parifllés of the Vicarage of Torres-Novas, which alfo belong 11120 3 * 5 4 5 to this Archdeaconry.

Salvador of the Town of Torres-Novas, - . - - - . - - - IOÓ è 7 3 Santa María o f the fame Tow n, ------283 891 S . Pedro of ditto;, ------. ÍT2 ó 3 3 Santiago, of ditto, ■ ------446 "1196 N .S t da Grapa das Lapas, ------. - r 5 5 4 r 4 N .S . da Conceipaon do Níquel don, ------20Ó ■ 699 N . S . da Concetpaon da M b eira Branca, ------1 3 5 364 S* Sebajliaon da ‘R ibrer, a, ------7 1 156 S. Pedro de Alcanena, ------283 6 3 5 E fpìrito Santo de Monfanto, ------1 9 3 4 9 3 Ñ f . da Grapa de Bugdlbos, ------199 470 N . S.das Neves de B racar as, ------109 2 7 3 j$. Simaon da Brogoeira, ------1Ó1 2 9 3 N . S . da P urificacaon de Alcourouchel, ------69 192 N . S . do 0 da Qlalba, 3 ° 3 824 N. S. do Pranto do Baffo, ------' - - ■ - - 1 3 9 3 8 3 N . S. da Purlficapaon de Ajfentis, ------249 7 * 5 Santa Eufemìa da Chancellaría, ------171 4 3 9 N . S,.da Ajjumppaon o f the Tow n of Atalaya, ------4 5 2 1207 ¿V. S . da Purification da AJfeiceira, ------1 18. 420 N . S , da Concaipaon of the Town of Tañeos, ------271 823

Í5 3 5 1 43838 Recapitulation. Par UK, Fites.. Corainu. In, the Town o f Santarem, - - - T3 2169 7 5 5 2 Without'the Town, - 7 6 *5 3 5 * 43838

T h e Archdeaconry o f Santarem hath in all, 8 9 17520 5 r3 9P

f . -Towns fubjebt to the Juiifdidtion of . the Provedor of Santarem: Alcanade, A l- cosntre, Almeiritn, Aveiras de Lima, Aveiras de Biaxo,, Atcambujeira, Coruche^ ■'Gok- gana, M.uja, Salvaterra, Santarem, Torres-Novas. I ' Q n th e other; Side of the River Tdgus: Erra,Latnorofa, Mont argil.

} - f . . Comorca o f Setwval. ■ .. / ^ * ", \ 1 The Title of Comarca is here ufed, colitrary to the Cnftom of my Author, to . comprehend three different Jurifdidt ions whole hands being fo near, and hav­ ing lo little Extent, .the treating of them feparately would be fuperfluous, - ' "■ ‘ : 7 - ' t h e The faid jurifdiftions ate, theCorreipon of Aimada y the Ouvidoria- of Setuval (belonging to the Order of Santiago) ; and the Ouvidoria o f Azcit'am , appertain­ ing to the Houfe of An.Are. ■ The Town of Setuval, Head, of the Cm arca, hath no Cor rage dor, but is go­ verned by an Ouvidor (as is the.Eftate o f a Particular), though he hath the Title which the Dejembargo da P a p gives, him when he writes to him ; and, omthe con­ trary, Aimada hath a Corregedorunder which Title the Paid Lejhnbargo remits, him the King's Orders ^ However, thefe two Placed have only one Officer, for the Ouvidor of Setuval is alfo Corregedor of Aimada. This Qomarca„ comprehends: twenty Towns, as follows, divided by thi'ee jurifdiftihns,1 as is noted;: Correicaonoi Aimada: Aimada, Lavradio (which was formerly in private Hands)* zm lM outa, belonging to the Earls oiA Jvbr. , , ; ' Ouvidori a of Setuval: Aleacere do Sal, Alcochete, Aide a - Gallega, Albop-VedroS, Bar retro, Gabrella, Canha, Coina, Grandola, Paimelia, and Setuval.

Ouvidoria of Azeitaon: Azeitaon, Camera-Correa, Santiago 4?, Cacem, Sezimbra,^ and Lor roan.

Setuval Hes upwards of four Leagues to the eaftward' of Cape EJpiche/, mid al- moft fix to the South-eail o f Lijbon, in the Latitude o f .38 : 28, and 9 :: 18 Lon-' gitude; being feated on the Borders o f the River Sandaon, in a Bay, where, at a' few Leagues Diilance, the faid Rivet lofes itfelf, forming a tapicioUs Port for all' Sorts of Veffels, its Bar having' five Fathom W ater at Spring, and four at Neap Tides, The Refemblance between the Names of Setuval and Lubal, hath induced a Spanijb Author, and followed by the Chronologift Fr.Bernardo de Brito, thatTh- bal was the firit Founder of this Place, and from him received its Name: But Andre deReJende, Gafpar Barreiros, and other Antiquaries and Geographers,with­ out denying tile Coming of Luba l to Spain, affirm, that the Name of Setuval is derived from Cetobriga, a famous City in the Time of the Romans, who after­ wards called it Setobra and Setobala. This City, which Ptolemy alfo mentions by die Name of Cetobrix, flood over-againft the new Setuval, to the fouthwurd, in the fame Bay whereLroy is commonly placed, and called alfo Cete and Briga-, the ffift fignifying, both in Greek and L a tin , all Sorts of great Fiihes, for which there were many Armapens or Equipments in thofe Times to take them ■> the other was fynonymous with City in the ancient Spanijb Language; as is fhewri in Commbriga, Hierobriga, Lacobriga, Merobriga, and feveral Others. ' Cetobriga continued with great Reputation till the Dominion of the Goths, hut was intirely ruined on the Moors Entrance into Spain; and fo remained for many Years, till fome Fifhermen of that Coaft united in forming for themfelves1 a mi- ferable Habitation, a little to the northward, on the fame Spot that Setuval, now itands, to which they gave that Name* in Memory of the other which had flood in Front. Andre deReJende reckoned the new Setuval to be 430 Years old in-lais Tim e; and it is generally afferted that King AJfonfo-Henriques ordered it to be peopled by an Emigration from Palmclla., , ~' The Seigniory of this Place belongs to the Order of Santiago; but au Ouvidor refides here, as in all other Grantees Eilates, although the Kings are now Maf- ters of that Order; The fuperior Juftice appertains to the Hopfe of the Dukes o f Aveiro. ■ ' '■ ■ • . The principal Trade of Setuval\confiils in- Salt; tlie Duties, on which are fo. confiderable, that, witli thefe, Portugal paid to the JOutcb fhofe feveral Millions it had agreed to difeharge; by the Treaties of the Years 1661 and 1669, except the Sum of 830,000 Cruzados, Remainder o f the Debt; which, in T 763 yyvaspaid. in ready Money, in virtue of a fepafate Article -in' -the’-' defence'League,-'' con­ cluded in Lijbon, on; the 16th o f May that Year. : • ■ ■ ; v-l; ; i?r:': :7i " SPAIN AND .PORTUGAL. The-Town; is defended by the following Fortifications : Firft, it is inclofed by an ancient W all, railed perpendicular with Pquare Towers, according as the Ait.or Neceffity. in.thofe Times dictated, with fever al Gates and Pofterns, viz.-, the P orta-N ova, near to the Rivulet of Algodeya-, the Poftem of Santa Catbanna ; ditto, -do-Sapal, called the Biacco d’ Aqua ; the Gate o f Evor a ; the Poftem of S. Antonio - the Gate of the Padres da Caparbia;, ditto, of S. Sebajltaon ; ditto, do Sol ^ theToftern,.dp Carvqon ditto, da Alfandega; ditto, da P ed ra; . di fro,. de S . Chrif- .. iqviipn^ ditto, da.Rebetra (over which is the Tribunal, da 'Paiola Real) 5 and the Poftem , dm Lo§$$. ■■ • ■„ ;,In Procefs of Time, and’great Increafe of Buildings, two extramural Suburbs were added ; the one to. the Bait of,the Town, called Palhaes,;. - and the other to.. the W eft, .named Tro,ufU>: A n which Condition it remained till the Acceftion of .‘Ring^iJ^ IV j whop defirous of putting the Place into a better Pofture of De­ fence,; ordered it1 to,1 be refortified, in eluding the two abovementioned Suburbs' in itsTnclofure... _ , V . The new Eortifications 'tonfftl of eleven intire Bulwarks, and two demi ones* diftinguiihed as Follows : That of Cats, . dedicated tò N . S< da Conceigaon , within which are the Quarters for the Regiment in Garrifon, the Ammunition, Maga­ zine^., an d ftji ,H ab itati on for the Vendor; the Angles of the Back are filled with, Earth for the Flanked, with a paved Battery,.mounted with Brals and Iron Guns, oftyariofts Gafivers,-front whence Caesis ferved by. two .Stone .Stair-cafes which communicate-with it,- the one for People and Goods, .the other for all Sorts of Animal-? ISText follows the half BafUon, das Fontainbas -} ditto, of S. Domingos; the. : Baftipn o f St.John, -with a Square, above, and another below; that o f S .A ii- tornòi o f 'NyS\ do- Soccorro, o f Jefus, o f N . S. da Annidiciada, o f Saude, of. S. Apwro, of S, Francifco, and o f N , S.do Carmo : Befides which, iome other Work$i;. not moonfiderablej-vvere a few Years ago defignqd to .be added;, but. whether the. Scheme; Was Carried into'Execution, I am ignorant,. . ■ ■ - , ; 1 .. This Town is commanded by a ftrong Calile, called S f, P h ilip , built by Qr4 er. o f P hi tip *- II1,. ,£r o m. a ’Defign of the. Architect Filippe Terzo ; it is we)l mounted with Bfafs,'Cannon, and-hath an excellent Ciftern: And along the Sea Side runs; a.Ballery Which:comiriunicates with the Calile; ■ and,.: near the Bar,■ u;Forpficaf. tion Was begun in the Place called A liar quel, but remained inrperfedl. Going from the Church of Nojfa Senbora da A/uda, towards the Bat, and at a Quarter of a League DiftaUce, Rands the Torre de Outaon, feated at the Foot, of the Mountain, called Serra da Arrablda, upon the Sea; and a little within the Bar is a good Platform, a Ciftern, Houfes for the Governor and his Lieutenant, with a Powder Magazine : This Tower ferves likewife for a Pharos, having a large L anthem at top, lighted up nightly to guide the Veflels which come to Peek the Bar; at about a Muiket-fhot from the faid Fortrefs, on the Mountain Side, is another, on the Strand named das Vieiras, newly “built, having a Battery with fix Pieces of large Cannon, its Ciftern and Quarters, * communicating with the Torre de Outaon abovementioned. The Placets divided-into three principal Parts; v iz . the Body of the Town, within the ancient. Walls ; and the Suburbs of Troiaio and o f Palbaes, encircled, by the new Fortification ; and, according to Pome'Memorials, it is computed, that, there are n,òoo Communicantsiin the Paid Diftrifls, Thefe Inhabitants are divided into' four Pariihes, of. which two ^ are within the old Circuit, v iz . S . MariadeGraqa andS. Juhaon-, between which a Conteft fHU fubiifting about the Priority .of theft Antiquity, the Proceffion goes alternately, one.Year ont'of :dne; and the.next Year out of the other;, this làft Church Hands ..on one Side of the Square do Sapal, near to the. Palace of the Duke o f A v oir0, in which i f a Tribune or Gallery for the Paid Partili ; The third Panili is in theiSuburbof T ramo, dedicated to N .S ,d à Annunci ada, and the. fourth in the Suburb o f Palhaes- V o l. IL * 2 M In DISSE RT AT I O N S o n

In Setnvai are feveraT fine beautiful Sqiiares; as that o f Rapai, of-th zAnnun^ dada, of thè Fonte-Nova, and thè Rodo; '- without the modern Fortification, all ornamented With Fountains in riliighTaftèi éfpecially that of the Anyo da Guarda, in ihcR od b òr 'Ttrreirò, as i f is called. Its principal public Buildings are, a Iloufe of Mercy, Hofpital, and ten Con­ vents; which1, accordìflg toth e Reparation of tile Wards., are as follow* W ithin the oldWdls, the Convent of S'. Fberefa, o f Carmelite defcalgite Nuns : without the ‘laid Walls', but within, the: hew ones, the Convent of Carmelite caìgite Friars, dedicated to N .S . do Canno, built in 1.59li, in the Suburbs of Tr-tinm, where allò ilarids riie Cótìvtnt daS', Rriiidadè: 111 the Suburbs of Palhaes is the Convent o f SsD om ingd; - Ìdnndéifby'King Scbafliadn ill-the Year 15665 thtiH ofpido'oiA g o f- tidh d : In; the Horn-work,-thè. Convent of Jefus, occupied bfCapdchin Nunsf òf tbe^fh’ft Rule:o f ISflC / ^ , ibuilt by King-AfdOTe1/, at the dii fiance 'od'jfujlg Rodrigues1, Ms N.urfe :- Without, the; new Fortification is the Convent of S,Francijco,oi the Province o f theAlgarves, founded by Maria-Annes FJccJa?i ir id a lo 'that? o f 'S', "j onori Baud ft a, o f D om inicanNuns, built' by Duke. Don- yorge,- Mailer of Santiago and o f ■ Avvz, 1 and by thèDuchefs Dorina Brites de Vilbenagbèghh 'to be Inhabited hi 1529 f that "of Ni S . dos Any os, with Francif- dan Miffionaries,--founded'by Fd& c Aaitonio' das Chagas iri 1682, at the Expen.ce■

: CHAP, S P A IN a n b P O RT U G A L. 1 35

CHAP. XII.

A Defiription o f the Province o f Alentejo.

^ HTS is the.fifths and one' of the beft Provinces in the Kingdom : It joins northerly withPortuguefe Efiremadura, and Part of B e jr a ; to the South with A lg a rv e; tp the Eafl with Spantjb Ejlremadura; and the Wefiern Ocean terminates' it on that -Point -of. the Compafs... : Some Geographers1 make it forty Leagues long, and thirty broad j whilft others count it thirty fourfqugre, ■ The Name - o f:Alentejo’ is-derived"from its Situation, as it is (alem) beyond the River Tejo^ or Tagus, in refpeit ,to Ejlremadura and the; other more northern Provinces; which,. being flrit conquered, had the Preeminence of being .diftinguilhedby that'Name. 'l i ■ ;Thisr Province1 is watered by two confiderable Rivers (behdes others. of lefa Note), Bus. the Tagus, which runs on- the north; Side o f .it, from ,Eaft to,W eft; and tht.Guadiana, which, a little after entering, Portugal, inclines infeniiblyto the-. South;' and, crofting a Part of .'this Province;, leaves, on the.Side oiSp an ijb; .Ejlremadura, Mouraon, Olive tf a, Maura, Serf a, and-other Territories. : ; : I t is'in -general a plain Country (although cut through 'by dome Mountains),-- that greatly facilitates its Culture of Wheat .and, Barley, in which it.rooftly* abounds :' Though the Plough does not fo wholly'engrofs its terrche Improve­ ments/.as to coniine its .Products to Corn only; for-it lias likewife Plenty, o f Wine,’Oil, Cattle, Fruits, and Game. There are likewife different Places 'where, valuable Stones and,Earths are found; as, the.white Marble of Extrem oz and V ianna; the-green of Borba and Villa-Vicofa; the white and red o iS c iu v a l and Arrabida\ and the Earth of Monte m b and Ejlremcs,Alitt med not only at home' but abroad.' '1 The, great Fertility of tills Province, efpecially for the Subfiftence of Troops,- occafionsit commonly, to be the Seat of W ar, when any Breach-is made between, tills and- die Spanijh.Cxovm-, as particularly happened in the two'Ruptures-con­ cluded by the Treaties of 1668 and 1715,which induced theirPortagzqyfMajeftiea to fortify this Province in a peculiar Manner formerly : Though a long, unin­ terrupted Enjoyment'of Quietude, made, them negligent and forgetful of their quondam Maxims; and the Etlemy found their Fortifications in a ruinous Con-- dition, on their laft hoftile Entry into the Kingdom, which would have, rendered- them ari eafy Prey, had not the timely. Ailiftance of our Countrymen prevented, th em .. The Places of Strength are E lvas, Olivertga, Jerumetiba, Ejlretncz, Campo- Mayor, and M aura; but, as before obferved, they have been Buffered to go. to Decay, toi'.which the, late Earthquake hath contributed not a little: I.have in my Pofieifion the Plans of the abovementioned Forts; and have received an Account of them from the Gentleman which;Count L ip p e itn t to'examine all the Fortifi­ cations in the Kingdom,^confirming the above, Relation concerning them; This Province contains four Cities,; and,above an hundred Towns i Among the former, Euira.hatlvan archiepifcopal Chair; .andtfofe of E lvas and Porta-' legre-have the Honour to give Seats.to Biihops, of which Be]a is at.'prefent de- ftitute, although it is a. very ancient Foundation: The chief Towns.are, V illas VitjOfa; (ancipntly the Reiideilce of the Dukes of Braganm) p.Ejlrenioz,Montemoro- How, Caftdio de Vi del Grata, A uiz, and fome, others.-. , p i s S E K.T AT J G’No :S;'n

It is divided into eight JurilHiilions, viz* that of Evora, Peja, Campo de On- rique, VUla-Vi^oJa, Ehas-, Pot'takgre, Crato, and A v isj\ of which fome are Cor- reipens, and others Ouvidortas, as will be explained in their proper Places.,

Correitjaon of Evora, Is eompofed of one City and eleven Towns, o f which Evord is the Capital. -

' r " ,;v ■ '' ' E v e r a. Towns. Aguias, Akatovas, Garni, Ejlrem z , L'avreyMontemor o Nduo, Montoko, JPavia, Redondo, Vianna, and V m ieiro. , ,'r ; . ; “

Evof-a. Though this City is built on net. great Eminence, yet it Hands above; aTpacidUs Plain, .terminated almoft everywhere, by Mountains at a great Bif-; tance from .it, -v iz, the Scrra do OJfa to the North and Eaft, thofe o f P o rt el and. Vi&nna to the South, and by that .of Monteindro to. the Weft, - Some Authors at-:, tribute its Foundation to the Cdtiberiatis, and others to tbz Ahdalufe Partejwns y and though it may not be fo ancient as either of them would makeit, it wasuri-;. demably a City in great Repute in the Time of the Romans, as the famous Cap­ tains Viriatvs and Sertorius fettled tliemfelves here, when they dffputed with Ronid the Sovereignty of this Province, .as appears by various Ihicriptions of .that Age. The Emperor Julius Cefar declared a M un i dp i um of the ancient Latium , granting to its Inhabitants (with the faid Title) the fame Privileges:which the Citizens of Rome enjoyed ; 'and it was on this Occafion that Evora, in Acknowledgment, for the Favour conferred, affirmed the Name oi Liberalitas ‘Julia, , . r 1 During the Dominion of the northern Nations, this City fupported its Repu­ tation, especially under the Empire of the Goths.: But, on thtM m riJh Invallon of Spain, thofe People took it on the 14th of M arch, 7 1 5 ,-and remained Mailers" of it till the Year n 6 6 , when it was reconquered by a Perfon of Valour, vulgarly- called Gerardo Jem Favor (Gerard without Fear) ; who, after .gaining it, reilored, it to King Ajjonjb-TIcnriques. This Place was twice encompalled with W alls; tlie firil Time by Sertorius, who likewife built the Aquedufl, commonly faid to convey Silver Water (Iiup- pofe from the Coillinefs of the Work), and which was repaired many Ages after by King John III. Its fecond Gircummuralatkn‘(being what Rill exifts) was in the Reign of King Fernando, having leveral Towers placed in it, with feven Gates,1 v iz . that of Alconcbel, Lagoa, A viz, Mendo-Efteves, Pie Jade, Rock, and Reymondo* It was fome Years ago fortified , in the modern Tafte, but hath differed the lathe Negleft and Decay as the other Fortifications of the Kingdom. The Church is one of the moil ancientepifcopal Temples of Spain, as it is faid that St .M a n - cio (fuppofed to be one of Chrifbs feventy two Difciples) was the firil Biihop o f it, and from which Time fome Authors pretend an exatl Series of the Prelates was continued; but a Want of Memorials .of thofe Times,1 efpecially during the Moorijh Dominion, leaves us in the Dark About the faid Succeffion, by a large Gap in their Hiftory: However, Forty eight Biihops or Archbifliops of this Cat thedral are reckoned from St. Mancio, itsriuppoied ffrft Founder/ to Archbiihop Don Sim non tla Gam a, who died in Lijbon, the yth of Augufi, 1715; and the See was Rill vacant in 1734- This Chair was railed to the Dignity of a Metropoli­ tan, in the Reign of King John. Ill, Anno 1540; arid the firil A roll biihop who p redded in it, was the Cardinal -Infante Don Elenrique, who, afterwards ipeceeded to the Crown : And among its Prelates are noted three: Cardinals,, ytfhich- were Don Jorge daCoJia, andphe Infantes Don and D011 Henrique, EynyM ai noel s Sons; as alfo Don Pbeotonk and Don Alexandre, both of the moil- ferene Houfe S P At N ANd PORTUGAL.

- tícÁifé o£ Bragan$a. - Previous to its obtaining the archiepifcopal Dignity, it fuc'cefllvely depended on the Metropolis o íM e n d a and CompojMla^ and hath now ;for. Suffragans the Churches o f E h a s and Faro. The Chapterof E vora conflffs of eight Dignitaries, twelve Cohorts (among which one hath tlie Degree of Mafter, and. another of Doctor); four Half-Ca­ nons, and four Sluariernaries: The Dignities are, a Dean, Chanter, Schoolmaiter, Chief Treafurer, and fopr Archdeacons, oíBago, Sexta, Lavre, and O rk la . This 1 /is the richeff Church, of. all Spain, excepting the Cathedral of 'Toledo.,. and in. late Years its Rents have, amounted to,.*40,00 o Cruzados^,.,. Formerly-the Inhabitants.Were reckoned 10,000, but at prefent.they are re­ duced to 4200, divided into five: Parilhes, v iz , that of the See. (about: which ! ffiall treat fubfequently) 3 .that oiSanto.Antaon (of wHchthe^Archbiihops are -Priors)3 S. Mamede, Santiago, and Pedro... . : ■ . . \ r T h e faid Cathedral was- hew founded'by BiíhopD on Papó, on the 20th of Map, Y .1% m.thé Reign of Ring Sane h i , .and twenty Year? after the: City was re- -gajned.frorq the. Moors*. It is. however to :be remarked, Ú12.C Duróte Ffúnes de Leaon and other Authors, have made the laid Don Payo the firft Biihop of Evora" .after its Conqueft; though they were evidently miftaken, as Fr. Antonio Brandam proves from various. Confirmations - of Don Soeirp to.feveral royal Donations ip the Years.-pi 66 and 1169, whereas the.earlielf Accqupts we have p f D on Payo are after the Year 1180. , i . - j. ", . ; - / , The other public Buildings coniiii of a Houfe of Mercy,, a royal Hoípital, ánd feveral others j with twenty two.Monafteries, Convents, and Colleges, within .the .; City and Neighbourhood, wri.the Convent of Franciscan Friars/founded, iff the Life-time of the Saint, ■ pear .to the. ancient Palace, and was -fuff poffefled by Con­ ventuals, but paffed. to . the Objervantes in the Year.1513, by a Bull.,from Pope L eo X; that of Dominican Friars, whofe Foundation was in the Year 12865 that o f Santa .Helena do. Monte Calvario, occupied by Capuchin„ Nuris,' o f the. primary Ruler'qf, Santa Clara, founded iff 1579,' by tire Infanta Donna M a r ia ,;Daughter to K ing M anoel -y that of the Nuus of Santa Clara, built by Don Vafeo Perdigaon, . Biihop of E vora, who begun it in the Year 14583 that o f Santa Catharina de Sena, o f Dominican Nuns, who at fir it profeifed the third Rule of that Order, with the T itle .o f Huns of Santa Martha, but afterwards admitted tlie Obfervance, and paffed 'to the new Houfe in 1547; the. Con vent of St..John the Eyangelift, o f fe- cular Canons, founded in the Year 1485, by Don Rodrigo, de M ello, the firff Earl o f Olívenla-, the College of Efpirito Santo, occupied by Jefuits, and founded by the Cardinal Don FEnrique in 1554, for the dead of an University, of which I- iliall fay fomething more prefently 5 the College of Nojfa Senhora da Purificaron, built by the faid Cardinal, in 1554, for Students in Theology, under.the Direc­ tion of the laid Jefuits 3 the Convent of Nú fa Senhora das Merces, occupied by dif- calceated Hermits of St. Auguflin, founded in 1669 5 tile ^College of Monks, of the Order of S. Paulo, whofe Foundation was 'in '1578 5 the, Monaitery o f do S al- o f P aulijlin e F riar$, founded in 1.456, about d League out o f T o w n ; 'the Convent d f Bom Jtfus de Vaherde, yjoffefiedby CapucbinFnats, bf the Province'^ Pledadty-fomidfsd by Cardinal Dorr Nem-ique in-the'Year 1544, nea'r the Archbifhop's Villa or Country “feat; the Con­ vent of Menino JtfuS) with Nuns of St. A uflin, fubjeft to the Archbiihops of. -Jlvora, irid was founded hi tile Year 1380 ; the College d^Mddre deDhs; founded in 1595, under the Admimftratkm of the je fu its. There are alfo many Places o f Retirement1 in' this C ity; ariiong Which, thdt o f the Nob Ik Maids of-S.Mancid is chief; fubjeff'to the Adminiftration of the Archbilhopsf ‘‘l " ; . Ariiong the many Prerogatives of this City, the following ones are what it rnoitly boails b f: The Court having been kept here' hi Part of King John Ill's Rbign, arid that of feveral of his Predeceflbrs: Its being a celebrated Univer- iity, founded by the Cardinal Infante Don Mmrique in the Year 1559, and yielded to the Jefuits 1 who have in it three Chairs Of fpeculative Theology, one of Scrip­ ture, two of mdrhl Theology, four of Philofophy, and feveral Claries for the Study o f Hupaariity: Its being the Refidence of a Tribunal of the, Inquifition ; which is the feednd fettled in the Kingdom, arid was eftabliihed, in this City by the aforefaid Cardinal Infante in 1563, who was then Inquifitor-General. ■ It is likewife rendered illuririous by having had feveral Cortes celebrated in it * as in the Reigns1 of Ring D urate, King Affoftfo V , and John II: And for the Suc­ cours of" 1000 Foot and'20'0 Horfe, afforded Affonfo IV. in the Expedition to af- fift his Sbn-in-Taw, Ajfonjb SI. King of Cajitk> when he gained the celebrated Battle of Salado. . In the Reign of Affonfo Y I, ‘and in May, 1663, this City was taken.by.Don "John o i.A iijiria ;. but was reilOred to the Portuguefe Troops in the Month follow^. ing, after the Battle of Am eixtal, which the Earl of V illa for gamed over the faid Prince, who was retiring from the Kingdom* without Hopes of preferving Evora. ' ■ ' ' “ ' . - . Its Arms are, a Man on horieback, armed, In a Shield, with a Field, argent; with a Sword in his right Hand, and the Heads of a Man and Wothan in his left. The primitive Name of this City.was Ebvra, as is feen in.Pliny, Pomp. M ela, and in the Itinerary' attributed to the Em$$ro f Antoninus Pius; though in the Reign of Julius Cefar, it was alfo called Liberalitas Julia: In Procefs o f Tim e it was denominated Elbora, eipecialiy under the Dominion of the Gothsi as ap­ peal's from iome. Medals or Coins of King Reccarredus, who died, as Ubefcas wiH have it, in the Year 601, till finally it fettled into the prefent Appellation bf - EvOray by which it was known on its Recovery from the Moors; though, in the-. L a tin Writings, it .¡preferved its Name,of Elbora for a long Time aftetV as is- found even in the Reign o f Affonfo III. " " !. ' '' . This City is the Head o f a Corf ei$¿1071,, and the‘Refidence of a Corregedot, Pro- 'Vs dor., J m z de Fora, and Ju iz dos Orfanos. Its Territory extend s'fix Leagues to the Eait, and tliree to, three and a half the other Ways ^ containing.' 1500 Fa­ milies. ' ' - '■

EJlremoz: Is a Town feated almoft equidiftant between the Cities of ■ Evora-, E h a s, and Poriakgre, in a fertile pleafant Country; and one of the moil health-. ful S PA I'!ST A ND P GKTÜ G À L. fui in all the Province: The Caille, hnd moil ancient Part of the Town, occupy the Top of a finali Hill"} 1at tihe F oo t g f.whî c h't helnh abi ta n t s have fpread them^ ielves; atfirft Weil ward, and afterwards northward... The.earlieft-Memorial we have of it, is In the Reign of Adfdnfolll, who, gave it its Charter,., with great pri­ vileges.,; in the.Year 1258 3 and is the, lamé with,that of Sqntarem, impaiìng. a ■ iTribute- on .the Farmers of, B r e a d , windi v(^ygiv:eir th^Ndmp.pf. Jugafçç, played ¿¡way. -, ... . . * ■ .',5,.., l.. , ■ . 5, . Ëjirem oz was once.the,Head;of a-Diff ria:,3whoie;Corrciçaon extended,to..fif­ teen T owns, mentioned byr D urate■. 'Jeunes. de Leçon,,. in . hi^. D ecripti on:ojjPoçtu^ gal, which he compoied in the fYeai’;J59p 3JTo;tli.alt then, it continued ta „enjoy ■ the faid Jurifdiclion : But in Tim e it was abolìfhed Ì and added to the Corrciçaon 1 of, -Esorti 3 and: the O'uvtdorias oFA viz* and V iÎk-viçofa being, created, - thè greáteít iPmt of'the Lands1 Were divided between’them.‘j'1' w . - - ■■ . : . .*/ \ ■ ■ Th e N ame’ ò fËjiremoz is by_many 'derived'from'the WoVd Frâniùços ( L upins), -with which Plants'-that Part-abounded' at. the1 Time of the^'Foundation ófithe ■ Townf ' and it is certain that th is:Plant ié itili préfet vèd 'in: its' Arm s. -- - This Town hath-one of tííó'heíf-Fortifications'in the Kingdom;’ having’, ■ within thé Walls, - ten Bulwarks,’ three1 dèmi-TSaftions,Yndtohe Redent, with ■ the exterior .Works o f Ravelins^ Haff-mOonV'-and Confervasv', The Caille,.which, ■ is in Form of a1 Citadel, and ■ alfo.makeS rP ait of thednclofur& of-the Placed hath 'four Bulwarks and two half Bulwark's/ joined to the -old W ail} ‘ and,- ’to have it in the greateíl P erf catióni there "only wanted tits artificial Fóífes : T o the fotith- ward,- there is a -nfing Ground,“ occupied by a fquare Fort of four Bulwarks -and a Ravelin, covered towards thè Country with an Advance-work; in Form of a Vendais, called St.Jofeph-, and to-the' Bail is a Hill, at sL Diitaiicev front the Place, defended by a fquare Redoubt, called S, Barbaras But Timé and Negleft have had the fame Effe ft on thele For tifi cat ionizas: on the others o f the Kingdom. This Town is reckoned to contain-22co-Famihes, in'three Pai;iihes -,that o f Santa Maria, the Mother Churchy Santo Andre, and Santiago, all in'the Prefentà- tion of the Order o íA v iz . The other public Buildings are, a Houfe of Mercy, tlofpital, and fix Convents, v iz . that o f Franc if can Friars, a Foundation o f Ring Affonfo III y that of S. Joaon de Déos 3 -that o f dcfcakeuted Auguflin Friars, built in 1671, in the Street das Freirás {o í the Nuns), whofe-Church formerly "be­ longed to the Rectifies-of Santa Clara3 the Nuns of the Order o í M alta, dedicated to St. John the Baptifi, founded firff at Evora in the Year 151:9, and -afterwards moved to tills Place by the Infante Don L u is,'when Prior do Grato, in the Year 15633 that o f Nojfa Senhora da Coriceiçaon, occupied by the Fathers of the Con­ gregation of S. F i lippe Neri, "founded by Don F r .L u iz da Sylva Fellesç Archbifhop ' o f Evora, in the Y ear, 1698} that of Santo Antonio, . poíléfléd by Capuchin Friars, of the Province daPiedade, founded the "lait Time, in theYear 1662,, at a final! Diftance from the Town. . : . Among the moil remarkable'Events of this Town* aré to be counted that the Queen Santa Ifabel, Wife of King D em is, died here on the p F iM July, 1336 3 and King P eter I, on'the 18th of January, 1367. This Place islikewife noted for the excellent1 Marble that its neighbouring Quarries produce; -which, after being properly wrought and poltfheti, almoft equals Alabafter in-its White nefs 3 and for the fine earthern Ware made here, which I-have already mentioned^ Its Government is compofed of a Juiz de Fora, three Vere adores, and other cullo-1 in ary Mini tiers. - I ' ’ ■' Ouvìdona de Beja, "■ ■ Comprehends one City and three Towns3 of which Beja is the Capital. ,, . Y - / C it y .. ■ . ■ ■ Beja. , /' ' " ■ ■ Towns* DISSERTATIONS;; on ; 'Towns. ■ I'1 : ■ Alcm tim , in the Kingdom o f Algarve, Moura, and Serpa. Beja, confideredas á Provèdoria, not only takes in the àforefaid ^Diftriás, but alfo fifteen other Towns belonging tó Grañtees, A zi AguvdePeixes, Aguiar, Albergaría dos Fufos; Ahito*, B eringe l, F a r o Ferreira, Ficaiho, Trade's i Qdemira, Orióla, Forraón, Vidigueira, -Villa-Aha ,• ViUd-Vfova deAlvitójVilla-Rid^a; Of. which, Agua de Peixes, Albergaría dos Fufos, Villa-Abita, and Tjila-Raída,\ belong to the Duke of Cadañal, Wherehe has his Vudidory Vidigueira. ami‘Fradei 'apper­ tain to the Marquis of N iz a -, Beringel, tó theM arqüis Has Midas % Alvïlà\ Orlóla, Villd-Novd de:Abulto, and A g d ta b jto the Earl B argon, £cc : . ’ ■ -y/- y j -

: . B eja is fcated. nine Leagued to .the South-weft, o f Evora, and a little more than tw o from the River Guadiana, on a rifmg Ground, fmrpundedftya plçafant and fruitful Country. ; Its Foundation, is commonly attributed .to tM^Celtic■ Gauls -, and its Reputation;.inTime ipcrÉaíing,.,the-f^mdfír grrniteddtiinany-ffpnours and Privileges,. creating it one. of the five Colonies oiLuftdnla, and ^appointing it One’of the thine juridical Convents, or Courts of theffaid Province : Ju liu s Cejar gave it alfo the Name of Pax Julia -? though forrie Spanijh Authors appro­ priate this Name to Badajoz, which is attempted to be dilpfoved by the follow­ ing Realons. . And, firft, it is in Favour of Beja frotn its Situation, as Ptolemy, fpeaking of P a x J u lia , places it in the Province, o f L ufitania, wkereasthe City o f Badajoz flood in that o f Betica, being,on the other. Side o f the Guadiana, whofe Waters parted the two Provinces ; The fécond Reafon for the Plea, - is, that it 'was very natural for th¿Romans- (as ftridt O.bfervers o f good Order), on inftitut- ing the faid juridical Convents, to facilitate the intended Recourfe, by fettling them equidiftant one from another; and if, fo, Merida, being one o f .them,- and Bantarem another, the remaining one could not "be the City of Badajoz, as it is only nine Leagues from M erida : Thirdly, the Itinerary, attributed to Antoninas Pius,_ reckons' thirty fix Miles from Mertola. or M yrtills to P a x J u lia , and the fame Diftance is ftill counted between Mentóla and Beja, Whereas, the Space is doubled between the former and Badajoz: Laftly, the preceding Reafons are en­ forced, and confiderably corroborated, by the finding feveral antique Roman S tones (copied by the Antiquarian Andre de Refende),■ on which are legible the Name of Pax Julia y and it is very improbable that the Inhabitants of Beja iliould have gone to fetch them £rom.Badajoz, with the foie View of proving therefrom their City's Title to the contefted Name. , From the Tim e of the Romans, to the Conquering Spain by the Moors, there is but little recorded of Beja, except in regard to the.Eftablifhment of its Bifliops. The Lois of it is generally fixed to the Year 7x5, and thenceforward it feems to have continued under the Dominion of the Africans till;1 thn Reign o f K ing Or- donho II, who died in 924; and, as it is affirmed, was its fitft Reftorer:. But be­ ing recovered by the Barbarians, if does not appear that it regained its Liberty, and fhook off the heavy Yoke, till KingAfbnfo-Henriÿues eafed them o f it ; in whofe Reign it was twice conquered, the .firft in 11:55,- and the fécond'in 1162. In 1178, it vykS' befieged,by. two principal Alcaides, with'a'great Artny^ but the. Infante Dort Sancho marching to its Succour,, hé obtained n íigñal Yiôfoiÿ; which. waE followed by raffing the Siege. The repeated Calamities which,this City fuf- fered.from the continual'Wars, had reduced it tofo bad.a Condition, that King Affonfo III. ordered the Reedification o f its W alls to 'Which OonMfl.rtinho. con- . tribu ted, by granting towards the Expence twoThirds of theTythesof all the- Churches in Beja for ten Years, as appears by a Writing, beating Date , the j Stlt. Day of November, T253. 1 i 1 - ■ .... ;v; :r~ _ ff'his Place was erefred into a Dukedom by J o b h lï, fin Favour o f Don M am el,-, his Brother-in-Law and Succeflbr, not caring that .the Title of Duke, of Vifeu. _ 1 ihculd . SPAIN AND PORTUGAL 1 4 ! fhould continue in him after the Death of his Brother Don Diego? as hath al­ ready been, mentioned : This Title of Duke of Beja was alfo given by the afore- faid K ing Manoel to his Son the Infante Don Ltdz-? o f whom no other Suéceflion remained than Don Antonio, who was obliged to take Refuge in France, on the' Invafion of Portugal by P h ilip II. In the Time of King John IV, this Titlé was conferred on the Infante Don Pedro? who.afterwards afcended tire Throne ; and whofe Reign will always be celebrated for the glorioüs Events-of it, at lead: in the Records of that Kingdom, This City is Capital of the Houfe o i Infant a do ; of. which the Infante Don Francifco is or was lately in Pofieffion. t It formerly had the Prerogative of an epifcopal Chair, whofè Bifhops figned1 ' themfelves Bijpos Pacenfes, until this Dignity was transferred to Badajoz? as the Chronologift F r: Antonio Brandaop. affirms j though the Geographer, Gaj'par Bar- Monarcli. Lu lit. tom. j. reiros, is of a quite different Opinion. The Name of Pacenfis is taken1 from Pane? l i r . 1 0 . afterwards converted into , that of P a ca ? and feveral B a tin Authors of Spain c a p , 4,1. made Üfe of this latter Word, in the Time of their greateft Barbarity, to diinn- guifh the City of Bejq, as is feen. in th'e Hiftory of the Goths, when fpealdng of tfte Reftqration before mentioned ; E ra M .CC. pridie Kahndas Eeccmbris in Node SancH Andrea Apofoli, Ci vitas Paca, id ejl, Begia ah Hominibus- Regis For tug. iDowti Alphorifi, &c. vitiliter capitur. It is not ealy to afeertain the Year of this See’s Ereffion, or to note'chrono­ logically its Prelates : But fome' of them are mentioned in Padilla's ecdefajHcd Fndilha Hi ft. Ecd. dc Help Hiflory'i viz. Domidano, in the Year 347 yAprigio, ocApringio, from 529 to 540, tom. 12. o f whom the Antiquary, Andre de Refende (fome Years anteriur to Padilha) fpeaks j Palmacios Lauro, and feveral others, who affifted at different I'oh dan Councils, until' the Year 693 ; and even during thé Moors Dominion, Notice is taken of two Bifhops of Beja : It feems to have loft the aforefaid Dignity previous to its Reftoration, and King Affonfo-Henrique s did not procure it, as he did for lève­ rai other Cathedrals, which is attributed to the miferable Condition it was then reduced to ; and Beja not only loft the Honour of an epifcopal Chah', which it enjoyed for io many Ages, but even the Privileges of a City, till- they were re- flored to it by King Manoel 1 at the Beginning of whofe Reign, it had no other Charter than that of a Town. It confifts o f 3000 Families, divided into four Fanih.es j that o f Salvador? Santa Maria daFeira, Santiago, and S. Joaon Bautifa. The other public Edifices are, a Houfe of Mercy, founded by the Infante id ow L u iz-, an Hofpital, fettled by. the Infante Don Fernando (Father of King Manoel) ; and feven Convents, v iz . that of the Francifcan Friars, founded by the Queen Santa Ifabd in the Year 1324; tlte fhod Carmelites,, eftablifhed in the Time of John III, at about a Quarter of a League from the City 1 Santo Antonio? poffeffed by Capuclnn Friar’s, o f the Pro­ vince da Piedade ; the royal Monaftery of NoJJ'a Senior a da Conceiçaôn, of Fran­ cifcan Nuns, being a Foundation o f the aforefaid Infante Don Fernando? Duke o f V i feu? and Father to King Manoel -, the Monaftery of Santa Clara, occupied alfo ’by. Francifcan Nuns, at about a Mulket-fhot from the City Walls to - the weftward; Nojfa Senbora daEfperança, o f fhod Carmelite Nuns, which is the firft o f1 that Older in the Kingdom, - built in the Year 154-1 y and -the- College of J c - ■ fa its. Finally, B eja is the Hèad o f a Diftrift, and the Refidence o f an Ouvidor, Provedor, and J u iz de Fora. . 7 ' The Lieutenancy of the City came to thé Houfe of the Mar quilles das M inas, by the Marriage of Donna M argarida de B rito with Don Pedro, do Soufa?- firft Earl da Prado ; arid continued in it till the Death of Don-Joaon de Soufa? third Mar­ quis das Minas Ou whofe Demife, thé Infante Don Francifco gave it to Donl)«- rate dç Caméra? fifth Earl d f A veiras, by the Alliance mentioned in the Title of this Houfe. / 1 .

Vol, IL * 2, O Moura. i4,á • D I S S E R T A T IO N S on Moura. At a íliort LeaguéVPiftance. from the River Guadiana, and fo tin from M ontaraz, fluids the Town of Moura, feated on an irregular Plat, though in the Middle of a great Plain, furrounded by the two Rivers Lavandeira and Bren- bas. It was founded, as feveral noted Antiquarians iuppofe, on the Ruins of Aroucbe la Ncrva, which, m the Emperor Trajan's Time, was a conñderable. Place, as appears by various Inicriptions of that Age; for both the ancient and modern. Arvdtanos dedicated a brazen §tátue to Hercules. _ The find Time Moura is men­ tioned, was in the Reign of King AJonfo-Henriques, in the Year n.66, when it is, affirmed by the Chronic ft o f the Goths,, that, after the Reft oration of Evora, tills Prince took M ouia, ■ Serpa, Alconcbcl, and C u r u c b e which is aííq confirmed by. other Memorials : After fome Years, other Authors"affirm,.that, Moura. was re­ conquered; founding theft Opinion in a.Gift made by Queen E n tes (then W i­ dow to Ajfcnfo III.) in the Year 1284, in which one Moura is fpoken. o f as Lady of that Caíble; and tliey pretend that the Town-took its Ñame from her. Monarch. Lu- As the Trutli of the faid Writing admits of 119.Doubt; and it names Don^A 3‘ varo aud Don Pedro R u iz for Conquerors; and remarking alio with whatExadt- nefs the Gcthijh Hiftory fpeaks of it, avouching (.as before obferved) that King Afionjo-Henriques took the Laid Place, we muff fuppofe it to have" been twice, gained from the Moors, as happened with mqny other Places in Alentejo: H ow­ ever, it is certain, that, when firft conquered, it bore its prefent Name; and that 5t was not fo called from the Event, which the W riting refers to, that hap­ pened to the Daughter of the Commandant of the Caíble, as this was feveral Years pofterior, 1 - The Circuit of this Place is larger than , any in the Province, having four Gates ; that of do Carmo, Porta Nema do Fogo, Santo Francjfco, and Santa Juft a. Its Fortifications, which were once conñderable, differed greatly in the long W a r; and though feveral Baftions and otlier Parts ftill remain, Tim e and the Earthquakes have left thefe, like moil; others o f Portugal, in a ruinous Condi­ tion, though the Situation is capable of being greatly improved under the Hands of an able Engineer. The Royalty of Moura, and of fome other Towns o f Alentejo, became theOc- cafion of a Rupture between King Dennis of Portugal,, and Fernando IV . of Caft tile, in the Year 1295, as lt had been conquered by the Portuguefe Princes,- and is within the Limits of their Dominions, its Ufurpation from this Crown had continued from the Time of King Affonfo the Wife, and was united to 1 the Order of the Hofpi talers of that Kingdom; which Conteft was finiftied in the aforeiaid Year, by the Delivery winch King Fernando ordered to be made of that Territory, iigned in the City of Rodrigo, on the 20th of Offober: On tills Occafion, King Dennis granted a Charter to the Town of Moura, of which they were poffelTed on the 9 th o f December-, being the fame, that he had before given to the City of Evora, and which Serpa and Mondar now enjoy. in June, 1707, this Place fubmitted by Capitulation to the’Duke of Ojfunay after fifteen Days Defence; and in a little Tim e the Spaniards quitted it, but previouily blew up a great Part of the Fortifications. This Town contains 2800 Families, divided into two Parifhes; that of Santo. Agojhnbo, and that of S.Joaon Bautifta, both Priories of the'Order of A v iz . The other public Buildings are, a Houfe Of Mercy, an Hofpital, and five Convents, v iz . that of Nojfta Senhora da AJfumpqaon, o f Dominican Nuns, founded on! the 7th. o f OSfober, 1562; that of. the Nuns of Santa Claras the Franc ifean Friars, of the Province of Algarves; the Carmelite caftado F riars,. founded in the Year -125r; and that of Nojfa Smhora da Gloria,, poifeffed by the Order o f S. Joaonde Deos, It is the Refidence of a Jutz de Fora, like the To^vn of Serpa -, .and its parti- culaL Government confifts of three Percadores, Procurador Of the Council, - and other M inifters: Its DiftriÓt extends to twelve Villages, reckoned to contain upwards SPA I N a N b P O R T U G A L. * 4 3 upwards;of.r40o-Eàmiliës. .'In fine, its Arms arem Woman under thé Window' o f a Tower i alluding to the’Governor’s Daughter o f that Calibe, who, accord­ ing to a very ancient Tradition, threw herfelf down from it on feeing the Enemy enter. O umidori a do Campò de Our ¡que, Containing fifteen Towns, of which Ourique is the Head. Towns. Aljuftrel, Almodovar, Ahallade, Cajlro-Verde, Col los, Entradas, Gravami, Mortola; M ef 'ejana, Dunque, P adroe ns, R annoy as, Santiago de.Cace m, Sines-, and Villa-N ova de M il Fontes t ...... 1 -

Ourique is featèd in the meridional Extremity of thé Province of Alen tejo, be­ tween the T ow n . òf Mortola - to the Eaft, and Villa-Nova de M il Fontes to the Weft. Its Situation, without appearing much railed, is con fiber ably fuperior to the Plain of this Name, in which King Affonfo-Henriques gained tire celebrated Victory over the Moors, on the 25th of July, 1139, fecuring thereby the Title of . Kiftg o f Portugal, and which his Troops a little before had given, him- It does not appear when this Place was founded, neither do we read, of any thing par­ ticular concerning the Inhabitants, for the Space of one hundred and fifty Years; only that, on the 8th o f fm juary, 1290, King Dennis (being then in the City of B e]a ) granted, them their Charter. . . . The Lordfhip of this Place appertains to the military Order of Santiago ; whofc Knights greatly affifted theft Portuguefe Majefties in fubduing a large Part of this Province, as affo in the Kingdom of Algarve. Thé Town confifts of 200 Families ; having in it the parochial Church of S. Salvador, a Houle of Mercy, and an Hofpital ; the Church is a Priory, and a Comrriendam of the afórela id Order, now in the Houfe of tire Earls of Unhaon. In its Territory are comprehended 400 Families, diftiibuted in three Parillies ; of which Diftrióì, Ourique is the Heád. It is alio the Refidence o f an Ouvidor, Preveder, and de Fora; and its particular Government confifts of three Ve­ re ador es, Procurador o í the Council, and other Minifters.

Ouvidoria de Villa-Viçofa; Twelve Towns and a Council are reckoned in this Ouvidoria, whofe Chief is Villa-Viçofa ; and whofe Lands, jointly with thofe of A v iz , anciently formed the DiftriCt of E frem oz, as hath already been remarked.- Towns.- A lte r do Chaon, Arrayólas, Borba, Chancellaría, Evora-Moufe, Montarais, Mon­ forte, Portel, Souzel, Viila-Boim, Villa-Vicofa, Villa-Fernando ; Council of M ar- gem and LagomeL

Villa-Viçofa. This Tow n is feated four Leagues to the W eft o f Elvas, and eight to the Fail of Evora, in a Plain fo fertile and luxuriant, as to have taken the Name o f Viçofa from it, as the great Antiquarian Andre de Refende obferves. Sòme Authors alTert, that its Foundation was by the Carthaginiansthree hun­ dred and fifty Years before, the Birth of Chrift ; and, for a.Proof,-pretend .that the Temple, which Maberbalthzn built and dedicated to the God Endovelicus, ftood within the Town: But I muft embrace the-Sçntiments of the abovepien- ti.Oned famous Antiquary, who determines the laid Temple to have..peen m udi more ancient than above rep relented ; and that it was not built m,.Villa-Viçofa, is beyond all Doubt, .but at three Leagues Di fiance, on a S.ppt. now called Re- rena. a Velha; which is clearly proved by the Stones ahd.InfcriptionS that Don fbeodofto, fifth Duke oiBraganca, ordered to he taken from hence, and placed, iij the the Frorttifpiece o f the Church belonging to ¡the Herbits, o/_ &. Augufiin ~ in this. Town* All Antiquity then agreeing to a Fà£t fb certain as that of the.Temple o f Endovelicus, is not a fufficient Proof that there was. a Villa Adeofa in that Age*', nor that there flood any other Village where it now (lands, in the fame.manner. the.'Tradition of another fumptuous Temple that the Pretor, . Rucius Mumius,■ eredled in Honour of Proferpina, a Century and a half before our Saviour’s Ad­ vent, is no way favourable to the Opinion.in Queftiohj as this neither was feafetl in the Town, but in a Place now a Suburb to it, where, the aforefaid Refende in­ forms us, the Church of Santiago 'hands. . '; And the very Name ofJVilla-Vjofa,. plainly demo nitrates its not being ÎQ an^ cient as the abovementioned Authors contend for: If we refieft. on the Lan­ guage o f thofe Times, its greateit Antiquity that, I can trace, with any Appear­ ance o f Truth, rifes no higher, than the; Reign o f Ajfohfa ÏH ; who, on the 5th . o f Jury, 1270, granted it a Charter, till which Tim e the Chronicle o f th e' Hermits of ¿V. Augufttn fays, that Villa-Viçofa w as. no .more than a Village, comprehended in the Diftridt of Eflremoz. -, and; it was in the lame Condition in the Y ear 1267,; when the Monastery of that Order was founded- After, fome Years' .King Ù en h ù l built its Caille, in thé fame manner hé did àt Borba, Array olos, ffonjaraz^ ' and other Towns in the Province. T • : , : f; This Town, which till the above Period.wàs in no prédit, afterwards rofe fo; high in Repute, as to become the Court of the moil ferene Dukes of Bragança, and the Birth-place of King Joaon IV. In the'Reign oiAJfonjb V. it was'erefled into a Marquîiate, in Favour o f Don; Fernando, fecoricl Scui to tKe fiffl Duke o f Bragànça, and Succeflor to his great Filâtes. 1 In thé Town the Duke's pad f moil fuperb Palace, which is itill preferred in1 the fame Formp with a Chapel well endowed, having its Dean, great Treafurer, and feveral Chaplains, whom, the King (in the Year 1732) appointed as Adminiilratois'of. his Son the Prince of R r a fl's Domains, to whom the Dukedom of Bragança belongs. The Fortifications need no Defcription, as tpey are ruinous and decayed V though they have been formerly reckoned not încohfideràbk, having confided of a Caille and feveral regular BaiHqns, Ravelins, Half-Moons, Trenches, , of which the Remains are (till exiiling. The Inhabitants conflit of noo Families, diilributed in two Parifhes j that of Nojfa Senbora da Conceiçaon, and S. Bartholomeu ; of which the firfl Hands in the Caille, and was founded by the great Conftable Don Nuno Afaares Pereira, and is a Priory of the Order of A v iz . The other public'Buildings are, a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and feven Convents, v iz , that b i Nojfa Senbora da Graça, poffeffed by Hérauts of S. Auguftin, founded in the Reign o î AJfonfoPM, 1267, and reedified by the Lord High Conilable ip 1366, containing tfie M aufkum s o f the moil ferene Dukes of Bragança ; that o f Nojfa Smhorgdo Amparo, with P a u lif Friars, at firil founded in the Territory of Val-Bom, and Reign o f Joaon I, and removed within the Town in the Year 15901 S, Joaon Evangelijla, N jfu its Con- vent j Nojfa Senbora da Efperança, occupied by Francifcan Friars j thé Mohailery das Chagas, withNuns of Santa- Clara, ordered'to be built In 1533, by Don Jay'mc, fourth Duke of Bragança-, Santa Cruz, with A u g u fin Nuns, whofe Foundation was laid in 1527: And the Con vent1 of Santo Antonio, pofleifed by .Capuchins, o| the Province da Piedade j which, after feveral Removes, as now. built* at a little Diilance from the Town, fince the Year 3607, at the Expenee of Don Pbeodofol firil of the Name, and fifth among the Dukes of Bragança. ■ F In the Year 1665, and Reign of AfànfoVÏ, Villa-Viçofa was befieged by the Marquis of Carfacew j but tfie Marquis of' M irialva, 'marching to its Relief,’ drew On the famous Battle of,Montes-Çlaros, in which the Spaniards' loft 400Q1 Men, and left 6000 Prifoners, the Victory being alfo erowned with a Railing of the Siege. ...*■■■ s. F Finally, .' Finally, it is ;the Refidence of: a yftitz de Fora, in the Nomination of the-mbit ierene Houfe of "Bragangat And its-Territory comprehends'200 Families, diftri- butedriv two Pariihes,:NoJfa Senhota das Ctladas, and Santa Catharine, dos Parades,

Correiçaon de E h a s, Hath only fubjeft to it one City, and fix Towns, of which Elyas is chief. ‘ City, , 1 • ■ - - E h a s. ■ ■1 ' . ' Towns, ' Barbacena, Campo-Mayor, Mouraon, Olivença, Ouguella, and For end,

E h p s is feated three. Leagues to the' W eft-horth-weft o f Badajoz, other three, weftward of Campo-Mayor', and two from tire Banks of the River Caya, where the Dominions of Spain and Portugal, or Aknfejo and Spanijh EJlrcmadura, :are di­ vided. .. Its Situation, although on an Eminence, is n ot w it hit an d mg fubjedl to fome tiling Grounds, which hath in fonte meafure been remedied by the Fort of Santa Lucia, as will be hereafter explained. Among: the various Opinions about its Foundation, what appears from Hiftory moil conformable to Truth, is (ac­ cording alfo to the Opinion-of the Antiquary Andre de Refende) , that the H e h ii, a People of. Gallia Narbonenfe, how called the Country o f the Eivarots, who, in Company with the: other Celtic Gauls, peopled a great Part of Spain, in the Year of the World 3009. There are Memorials that it vvas an illufhious Place in'the Time of the Carthaginians, Romans, and other Nations who poil elle d this Pro­ vince, till it. was conquered by the Moors, tinder whofe Subjection it continued till the Reign of King Affbnfo-Henriques, who recovered it in the Year 1166: But it was ■ again reconquered by thole Infidels, and, as fome Portuguefe¥C\Eoxm\s pretend, Sancho I, was its Reitorer, though this Attention lies under great Diffi­ culties.; but that his Grandfon, Sancho II, fubdued it by Force of Arms in 1226, is without the leaft Doubt, as appears ,hy feveral ancient Writings, and from its Charter, -obtained in th e Month o f M arch, 1229. E h a s preferv.ed the Title of a Town or of a Council, which it obtained in -the Reign of King Dennis, until thé Year-1513; when King Manoel gave it tire Char­ ter of- a-City, as he did to Beja in the fame Province, Favira in the Kingdom of AJganue, and to Funchal in the Ifland of Madeira. Fifty feven Years after, E h a s was. erected into ail Eplfcopacy, Suffragan to the Archbifhopric o îE v o ra ,' by a Brief o f PopeP iu s V , expedited at die Inftance o f K ing Sebaftian, on the 9th-of July, 1570: And for this Purpofe (befides the C ity o f E h a s ) . twelve Towfts were feparated from the faid Archbifhopric, of which its.Diocefe is at prefent compofedfviz. Alandroal, Alter do Chaon, Alter-Pe- drozo, Barbacena, . Cabeça de Vide 'y Pronteira,Cfurumenha, Mànfàrtc, Seda', Veiros, FiÎla-Boim, and Villa-Fernando ; and there were alfo feparated from the Biiliopric o f Ceuta, the Towns of Olfaença, Campa-Mayor, and Quguella: In which Form this:Biiliopric extends';in Length'about nineteen Leagues, from the Village of. F akga, In the D.iftridt o f Olivença, to'.the Tow n of Ponte do Sor ; and its greatett Breadth, twelve, from the laidTiHage to a League bey onTOugW/#. ■ This City was a cdniiderable Placeras well in regard to Strength as the Num- ber'of Inhabitants ; but 'Pime and other Accidents have weakened the former, thoughriie Iattdr.are increafed : As in the Year 1635,i when an Account of the Biiliopric was puhliihed; Was then reckoned to contain 2500 Families ; but, ■ acc 0 rding to' more modem R dations, they are very much augmented. The Cattle ftffids irbthe higheft P a ri'o f tht City7,-.and was etteemed to be ftrong, as the other Fortifjdations'were ; but thefe are much hi the fame Condition witli thofe I.have-already mentioned.in the. Kingdomand would make but little Re- V o l . II, * 2 P - Pittance, 0 N *4 ^ D IS SERTATIO N S bilance, if attacked. Here ace four Pariflles, v iz ., the See, with two perpetual Vicar? ; Salvador, a Commendam of the Order of Chrìjl, in the Prefentation of the moil fcrene Dukes.of Bragan^a~, Santo Pedro, another Cqnimmdam of thè fame Order j and Neja Senhora da Akatova, a Commendam appertaining to the Order of A v iz . From the firft Prelate, of. tins. Church, Don Antonio Mendès de Carvalho, are. Counted fifteen to Jàdon de Squja de Cnjielhbratico (Inquifitbr of L ijhon ), who died on the 7th of March, 1728. , Its Chapter is compofed ò f five Dignitaries, ten Canons, and two Half-Canons, vrith four Quarter ditto, andfeveral Benefices ./ the Dignities are, a Dean, Chanter, Archdeacon, School mailer, and chief Trea-1 ■ furer. ■' \v The other public Buildings, 1 befides the Cathedral and FariiK Churches men­ tioned, are, a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and feven Convents ; that of N o jà _ Senhora dùs Martyres, pofiefTed \rj Dominican Friars, built at firft without, and afe terwards-moved to within the Town (which was then its Grant), by Favour o f Affanfo III, who gave them the Hermitage of the fame Name in the Year 1267 ; that o f Nojfa Senhora da Conjbla^aon, of Dominican Nuns, whole Antiquity F r. L u is deSoufa counts from thè Year 1528; the.Nuns ofSanta Clàra-, Santa Maria Mag--, dalena, occupied by Pauliji Fn3.es-, the College of Jefuits ; the Convent artd Hof- pnal o f St.John de Dios; and the Capuchin Friars, of the Province da Ptedade. > Among the moil remarkable Things of this Place, is firfl its famous Aque- du£l j an excellent Piece of Stone-work, beginning at the Situation of the Mul­ berry-tree, which is to the W eil, and runs for the Space of a Teague, providing the City abundantly with Water j and in whofe Neighbourhood it rifes fo high, as to acquire three Rows.of Afches, which, befides the great Utility to the Inha­ bitants, is a Monument of vail Expence and Grandeur. - - The Men of this Place have on many Occafions demonitrated: their great Va­ lour anti Fidelity, with which they ferved their Princes, efpecially in the Reign; of John I, when they defended the-City againil the Siege which the King o f Cdf- tik laid to it, and made his Army retire: It was again ìnvefted by the Marquis: of Lorrecujfa, in. the Beginning of December, 1644, and Reign of John TV- but/ after a few Days, he retired to Badajoz, without reaping any Fruit of the Enter- prize. In OStober, 1658, it was, regularly befieged by Don L u tz de Darò, M ar­ quis del Carpio, and Earl-Duke of Olivares, in the Minority of John V I ; but, the Earl o f Cantanhede marching to its Relief, a Battle was fougkt on the 14th of January, 1659, called, the B a tik -of the. Lines. o f .Elva.ss. when the Spaniards had many Men killed and imprìfoned, and loll all their Artillery, Ammunition, and Baggage. - Finally, Elvas is the Head of a DiftriH, and Refidence of a Corregedor, Pro- veder, and J u iz de Fora. Its. Arms are, a Man on horfeback, armed with a Lance in his right Hand, from which hangs a Banner, with the Spyinas (or royal Arms) : The Conllablelhip qf it is in the Houfe of the Earls: of S. Laurealo^

Ohvenca hath its Situation in a delightful Plain, on the other Side of the River Guadiaw, in Difpania Betica, running from North to South, and at about two long Leagues Distance, to thè South-eaft of Jurumenhal. N o hcertain Advices, re-r main about the Time of : itsF omidatiori $ but .although fcmemodefn Authors proclaim it to; be of great Antiquity, it is 1 not many Years pail that it was a Village belonging to Badajoz," in the fame manner as Cahipp-Major does to Elvas.\ In tlie Reipi of King Dennis, it was a noted Place ; and he was felicitous ,to add it.to his Dominions, as Libali hereafter obferve : Thefaid Prince built its Calile, laying the firft Stone brìi the aqthof September.; 13 o6y the M ailer of A v lz 1 concurring, With a third Part of the Churches Revenues; in this Place, which were in his Prefentation. , / ' / / T / / —.' The SP A I N 1 AN d PORTUGAL.

The Seigniory of this Town,- jointly with - tliofe o i Campo-Mayor and Ouguella, were ceded to the Çfovyn of Portugal, by the Treaty o f Alcanijjes, celebrated on the lüth of September, 1297, between his Portuguefe Majefty King Dentils and Fernando ÎV . o f CaJH lein Éxchange for the Towns of Aracena and Aroche, which Ajfonjo III, King Dennis's Father, had given to the Cajiilians. ■■ , The fpiritual Jurifdidlion of this Town, Campo-Mayor and Ouguella, belonged anciently;to the Bifhops of Badajoz, even after their being united by King Dennis to thé Crown of Portugal ; and were not feparated till the Reign of John I, and then by reafon o f War between the two Nations; as alfo happened with tire Ter­ ri to 17 of, Valença, fubjedt before to the Bifhoprie of Tuy, as the Diftribt of Riba- Çoa did to tlie Prelate o f Ciudad-Rodrigo: From the lame Time the abovemen- tioned three Towns of Ohvenya, Campo-Mayor, and Ouguella, were governed by ; Âdmiriiilrators, without belonging-to any Diocefe; but Ajfonfo Y . coming to the Throne, and having procured the City p i .Ceuta to be eredtéd into a,Bi- ' lhopricj.by a Brief.from Pope Vugenius IV, thefe Towns were affigned to the new Bilhopric. in the Year 1444, and. continued in this Subjection the Space of twenty eight Years, tiil 1472, when the faid Prince reftoring to thé Arckbilhops of Braga the Lordihip. of that City and its Royalties, and defirous to recompeni’e Mm for . the Jurifdidtion of certain,Rents iti.the new Streets of Lijbon and the Tow n of V i anna, which the Archbilhop ceded, to him, he in lieu thereof applied the afore- faid three Towns, feparating them for that Purpofe from the BUhoprie of Ceuta ; hut as this Mifre was greatly, detrimented by this Separation, he had alligned him in Exchange certain Lands between the Rivers M inbç and L im a, called the Diftridl of Valmça. Forty , one Years after the Chair ; of Braga had been in1 PoiTeffion of theie Towns, the Archbilhop, Don ÏDiogo de Soufa, obferving tire great Inconvenience that accrued, to the Inhabitants, by tire Obligation, of having Recourfe to a Pre­ late a.t lb-great a Diftance, made an Agreement with Don F r. Henrique, Bifhop o f Ceuta, tliat thé Dîftriét of Valença fhould come under the Jurifdiétion of the Archbiikops of Braga-, aird Campo-Mayor., Olivenqa. and Ouguella, revert and be annexed to the Bilhopric of Ceuta .-' „This Exchange was confirmed by a Brief from Pope Leo X, expedited on the 25th of June,, 1513, at tlie Inftance of King Manoel. Henceforward the Biihops P i Ceuta refided in Qlivença, and had there their epiicopal Palace, Tribunal, and Prifon ; from whence it arofe that fome Maps. diRing milled the faid Place with tlie Mark of an epifcopal City. Finally, the City of E h a s being ereited into a Bilhopric, in the Reign of Don SebaJHaon,, and in the Year .1570, thefe Towns were again feparated from the Diocefe o f1 Ceuta (which Sée was then vacant), to form Part of the Diftrict of the hew BifhopriC; and there was affigned, by way of Compenfation to the Bifliop s o f Ceuta, ryoo Cruzados per Annum on the Bilhopric of Algarve < The Archdeaconry of OHvença. was inftituted in tlie See o f Braga in the Year 14741 when the faid Town was fubjedl to this Metropolis ; the Archbilhop, Don, Jorge da Cojba(fécond o f the-Name), united it, in 1492, to the Church of Santa Cbrijlin4.de Longos, with what belonged to it;' For as.the Town o î Ohvença was reunited: to the Bilhoprid/of CVvhff, and afterwards palled to that of Vivas, the . 1 Title of this 1 Dignity became ^changed for that o f Archdéaéoü ô f Santa ChriJUna♦ -, :Olivencoiis‘ont of the belt fortified Towns in Alentejo, havihg nine royal Bul­ warks jahd eight Ravelins, which cover the Curtains arid; principal Gates of the . Place: "At fbeHiftarice ô fmore than a Muiket-lHbt, facing the South, tliere is a .Foft* erected ;■ ai few. Years . ago,. being a detached' Bafrion; with a- Half-Moon that covers-it : Here is a large Caille, with a’fquare Tower, thé bell in all tlie: Province ; and whole Âfcçrit. is To eafy^ that any ono may gain- the Summit on hoiibh’ack, with great-F ability,. riot witkftandi.rig its uncommon Height j it hath mounted-two large Pieces of Cannon that commands all the Neighbourhood': Here ,48 D I S S K RTATI O N 8 on

Here áre likeWì'fe'two copió us Fountains.; one at the Bottom of the Bulwark, called da Corna-, and the other at the.Foot of the EJplaimde of the Ravelin of S\ Prcvicijco, trhis. is the'DeícHption of what this Fortrefs was at,.the 'Beginning o f this Century ; but it hath fhared the N egleóFof its Mailer, land Ìuffered; from Time and Cafuàlties, jointly with the other Fortifications of the kingdom; The Inhabitants-confili of 2000 Families, diftributed in two Parifhes 1 that o Í Santa Mar id de Capilo, (which is tile Mother Church) ; and 'that of Santa M d- ria Magdalena, founded by King Mamet. It hath á Houle òf Mercy,; nil HolpL tal, and a Convent-of Fratidfcan Friars, da Observancia; neat;' to 'the hew Fort, and covered with a Baftion, to whiclv the laid Convent gives ' Name, as-above- mentioned. ' ‘ - -y.-''" - . , I.. ' ' ■' One of the moil remarkable Things 'in' thisHiftridt, Was. the Bridge of O lid. Venya, built over the Rivet- Guadiana, in 'the Reign of the aforefaid King M a­ nosi, which the Spaniardsruined inlheYear 164-5:; and ipremaìnèd ih that .Con di- 1 tiOn till the Peace was concluded in 1668, when it was ip a ’little Time reedified, and again deftroyed by the lame Enemy in 1709. ;v: y -'ri-'-- ; ' [ - ( ' /. On the 18th àîdfune, 1648^, the, Marquis of Legannez' attempted1'to , fdrprize the Place ; but, after he. had: gáinedTomé Outwork?, he was valoroufty repulfed : by the G arri ion, commanded by Don Jodan de Meneases. ■ 'In 165,7, w ^. taken by the Troops of the Duke of S. German, as the Earl o í S.T.ourenzq could not arrive timely to fuccouf it; and'it was reftòred to Portugal by Treaty, concluded in the Year 1668. ; For fonie time Olivença' had thè Title of an Earldom,1 created by Mfjmjo V , in Favour o f Rodrigo Affonfq de M ello, who was its firft Earl, and, we may jiiftly fay, its laft : For' his Daughter,. Dohna Filippa ek Mèllo, marrying with Hon Alvaro de Bragama, ofthe-Houfe of'Gndaval, and fécond Boh to the moll ferene Duke of Br agença, Ferdinand I. o f , that Name in fit.; none of his Siicceifoi's úfedthe Title of the Earl o f Olivença, but that of'the Earls oîP en tu g a l, MaTqthfTes o f Ferreira, and lailly‘Dukes o f Gadaval. "" , ■ Bhe Government of this Town is compofedof a J u ìk de Pora, three Ver ended res, an Efcrivano of the Chamberí Procurator of the CounCil, and other Mini-' llers. The Lieutenancy of the Place is 'in' thfe Ploufc of the Dukes of Cadaval -, and its Territory comprehends hear 400 Famifiés, ' diftributed In .the fou r Pa-r rifiies of S. Bento da Contenda, S, Domingos, -Jpoffa Se?ilm~a da Affumpcaon, find S.. Jorge de Olor, " r ■ y ■ ; . . - -. : . Campo-Mayor. ■ This Town forms almofí a Triangle-with the. Cities, of. Elvas and Badajoz y and is leated in a great Plain, à League from the R ibeira. de Paya, which ferves as a Divilion between its Territory: and that o f E lvas, '■ T h e Tim e of its Foundation does not appear; but, in aDonation o f K ing Dennis, on-the iiwch.Lu- k fl of December, 1296, it is declared; that the Caillés of Cctmpo-Maydr. and o f A l- T,i^!wp.'3+. valade fhould be peopled by the Inhabitants of the-Council.of.Elvas.-, - and, in this fame Grant, the K in g 1affi gns it for the Territory o f tho faidGouncii. Campo^Mayor came under the Dominion oiP ortu g a i in- the Year 1297, by virtue of the Treaty of AlcatììjJ'es,;with the Towns.ofOlivençà and Ouguella, as hath .been remarked'in'tile preceding Deici^ptiòhf (Where':.is-'alio-notad .áll7that-belongs to : tlic fpiritual Jurifdiffcion o f them ; But I m ull furtheradd, for! the. greater (II- - luftration of the Hillory, that when King TKw/L iubitqùeà Campo-May or to E l- . w , !.he was. not ¡yet ..in Pollefiion óf i f by; any Treaty,- (hut ¡¡¿filyz by Right.- o f . Coiiqueft,1 tfie Inhabitants. oFf Elvas' having-gained it -in-tfienforeíaidLYear,r and foon loft it again. ' ' r..■ ; V \ ! rL-F'fi- ■ ..rF ont t\- -.L .-'..Y In.lefs than four Years afterRing H wnift T;Acquifit ion foftBieBeigiûoiy;oft this - Place, he granted it to his Sifter the Jn fan ta D orma Branca-, ' Ont he g thof Ju ly, ^ , ,!iT'17, 13° X ; and, on-her D em ife,lt appears to-have paffed to Don .. . ' ' ' 1 ' ' . ■ ' ' : the " the faid trincea Natural Soni whòj by his Wife, wäs alfo Lord of Àlbuquertyue i In the Reign of King Fernando, Òuguelìa was aifigned as a Diftriit of -Campo- Mayor ; but King John I, Succeeding to the Crown, diflblved this new Union,: and reftored to Ougmlla the Privileges ofaToWn. GantpO-Mayor is a: Place of great Repute, being fortified in the modern Tafte, r With four Bulwarks and five demi Battions ; to the Eaft it hath the Fort of St. John, at about a Muiket-fhot from the place, which is onan Eminence, and. of 'a fquare Form, with rthreç Bulwarks ; to the Weft ftands another Foit, at a Piftol-fhot Diftance, that; hath a Communication by the covered W ay, and to which they have given tfie Name of Chamber g : In the Circuit of the Place, andr for Defence of the Gates .and fome. Curtains, there are fix Ravelins, of afuffi- cient Size; in the Fofs, to the eaftward, is a Lake .of Spring Water, which, with; 1 a fuitable Éxpence, might be fo condufted, as to make molt óf fhe Fofiès Aqua- , tics : The Situation of the Caftle is very commodious for :a fine Citadel; and,; ; even in the Condition it now is, it may ferve for a good Retreat. t This Town contains 850 Families, in one Farifii, dedicated to ATeffa Senhora da Afftmpçàori', though, in the Year 1635, there were 1200, according to an Ac^. count then printed of the Bifhopric of E faas. It hath like wile a Houfe of Mercy, anHofpital, and two Convents ; tliat o f Santo, Antonio', with Franc ifcanFrm s of the Obfervancia, and Province of th s AJgarves-, and that pofielTed by the Friars o f S. Joaon de Deos, with the Title of the. King's HofpitaL In the Year 1712, and the Reign of KingJohn V, this Place was inyefted on the 4th of O B über y by the Marquis de Bay, with thirty three Battalions and feventy Squadrons; who the next Day opened the Trenches, and contmued the Siege, to the 2d of November following, when the Spanißr'Xyoop^ all retiredfrom before the Town, after having aftaulted it on thè 27th of the faid Month OStober, in which They loft near 700 Men : In this Time theSpaniards fired againft it 10870 Balls, and threw in 1300 Bombs, The Defence was made by the Marfhäi de Camp, the Earl of BJbetra, who got in after the Siege was formed, accompa­ nied by Brigadier 'Thomas da S y h a - f elles, and other Officerst In 173 a, on the 16th of September, early in the Morning, a dreadful Accident; happened here by, Lightning, which fell on the great Tower of the Caftle, wherein was the Maga­ zine of Powder, with a large Number of filled Granades and Bombs ; which it fet Fire to, and blew up 835 Houfes, occafioning thereby the Deaths of many Ecclefiaftics, Monaftics, Seculars, Militärs, and other Perforis, both of Nobi­ lity and Commonalty; infomuch that of 1076 Houfes,- only 24z remained ftand- ing, and of thefe many damaged.

Correiçaon de Portalegre, < Comprehends twelve Towns, and the City ok this Name which is the Head of it. . City. . ; . Portalegre, , - Tow ns. Alegrete^Alpaffiacn, Arrànçhes, Affamar, Amiss, Caftëîh de Fide, Marmasti, Mea *- das, Monialvaon, N iza, Povoa, and Vìlla-Flor. - ' 1 - - There is a great Difference in thefe Towns ; the Lordfhip of Âlegrete, Arrou­ ches, Affamar y and Maur, does not belong to Particulars (though they give Titles to feveralj, having been incorporated with the Crown; Poo.}ca,âs\à M eadas apper­ tain to the £eigriiory of the Earls de Val de Bey s y and. fome of the others belong to thè Order of Ç h r ifii iAmiss and V illa -F lo r are different From others of the fame Name.' i : .■

Vol. Ü. ^ * 2 Q_ Pörtakgrjf JS0 D I S S K R T A T I O N S o n Poríalegre is feated ninfe Leagues to thé North of Efaas, two to the South- ■ eait of Marvaon, and the fame Dittante from Spanip E f remadura, on a little - Hill, extending northerly on its Side. And though theTime.of its Foundation or Founders is unfettled, it was certainly';a flouriíliing City in the Reign of King Dennis, 1 as will be fubfequently related ; In the L a tin Writings.of that Age, it * is called Partus Aiacer, and from this Portplegre; though the Original of ita Name Teems* to have proceeded from its Situation. ■ ! ■ ' ’ The Loidfhip of this City, in the Reign of King*Dennis, belonged to his Bfo-, . tlier the Infante Don Afo?ijb: But as a great Difunioh arofe between thefe two Princes,: the former determined to take it by-Force-,, and accordingly fet down, before it, with his. Troops, in May, .12995 and, being a. Place of confiderable.. Strength for thofe Times, he could not become Matter of it till the following Oc­ tober, when it capitulated and was annexed to the Crown/ jointly with the Caf- tle of Marvaon-, the King giving the Infante in Exchange the Towns of Cintra and Ouren7, which were of a much greater Importance than thofe Eftates he had: ailiimed. However, knowing the Importance of his Acquilition, he (in order to preferve it) granted to the Inhabitants of Pott alegré the affured Privilege of re­ maining always an infeparable Rate of the-royal Patrimony; which; was after- . wards confirmed by the Kings John I. and Ajfonfo V : But after the Intervention of feme Years, in which King M arm i afeended the Throne, he granted this; Seig-;; niory to Diogo da Syfaa.de Menezes, who had been his Preceptor; bufnèither B_a-- niihment nor other various Puniíhménts could influence the Inhabitants to còn- fent to the Alienation, fo the faid Prince was forced to content hiinfelf with Creating tire faid Don Piego Earl and Confiable thereof. ■ ■ ' ' / Portalegre continued, till the Year 1550, with the Charter only of a Town, when John III. gave it the Privileges of à City ; and it was at the fame time ráifed to an epifcopal Chair, by a Brief from Pope Julius III;.(though fome Authors at­ tribute the faid Erection-to. his PredeceiTorPtfa/ III, who died :oip the lóth.of N o­ vember, 1 549) : And for this Purpofe the City wás fepatated from the Biflippriç of Guarda, jointly with, the Towns of Alegrete, Alpalbaon, Arranches, AJfutnar Cafe Ilo de Vide, Chancellaría, Lagomel, Mar gem, Marvaon, Montafaaon, -Niza, Ponte de Sor, Povoa, and V illa-Flor ; befides feveral cither Places of lefs Confc- qnence on the other Side the Pagus, fo that the laid River was made to divide the two Bifhoprics. ¡ r - The fi lit Biihop ofPortalegre was Don JuUaon de silva'} who greatly cantrip bntéd to the Creation of the new Chair, by the confiderable Iñtereft he hád with" Queen Catherine, Wife to King John III. This Biihop is Suffragan to the Me-: tropolitan of Eaf-Lijbony and his Chapter is compofed of five Dignitaries, feven Canons, and fix Demi-Canon s. Portalegre is fortified in the antique Talle, and of very little Defence: In its Walls are diihibuted twelve Towers and eight Gates, tifo, that o f D eveza, Pof- tigo, Alegrete, Efaas, Evora, Ejpirito Santo; S. Francifco, and Bifpo. Lti' It: foiTnei*ly contained 3000 Families, as Fr. Francifco Brandaon relates, who Jîv.17, cap.j4. wrote in the Year 1650, but at prefent,the Number is leffened according to the exa&eft .Calculations ; thefe are divided, into, fi ve Par jibe s, r foe See, S< Lourenço, S.Martinho, Santa María Magdalena, and Santiago; .-The(Temple which now . ferved for the Cathedral Church is feated. where tile ancient' one o f Nojfa. Senhora. ¿pVqjlelh ftood¿ and was reedified by tifo afiprementiohëdfoihop, D on Jidiaon de A lva, who infilled it, No fa Senhora daAfwnpçâcn, as m:oil of the Cathedrals in the Kingdom are. The other publie Buildings are,. aHbufe of iVIercy, an Hof- pifol, and five Convents, reckoning all both within and without the City ; .that ' of S, Francifco, -thé Nuns of S. Bernardo p àf thé Order ipf■ Santa 'Clara, thé College ■ . of Jefuits, wAAdguftins Defcalços, "

Lj 'On On the 8fh o f June, 1704, and ill the Reign of P eter II, this City furrendered tù the.; Arms o f P hilip V ; but it foon returned under the Dominion of its So­ vereign. It is the Capital of its D ifliiff and the.Refidence of a Corregedor^' Provedor, and •Juiz dà Para-: 'Its Territory extends : through, fix Pari ill eg, - wherein, are reckoned; above 800 F atailies. Its Arms ¡are, an Ffcutcheon with- two Towers. '

Afranches. is fitpated aim oft equidiftant from Compo-Mayof a rid Portafcgre, on a little riling,Ground, extending almoft due North., The: moil.authejrtic Re­ cords, .that we find .of its Antiquity, mention, .that on-the 7th of jamuiryjii^b, K ing Banc ho II. granted ¡it to .Santa Cruz de Coimbra; from which theChronoio- gift, Fr* Antonio Branâaon, conjectures, that it was but a little before gained’from" Müitâtdi. Lüj it. tom, 4- tixe Moors,, according to the Cyftom of thofe Times, which, was, to. give.what- Iiv.14.. rap.i(Si , ever was conquered, from .thofe Infidels to the military Qrders, f or to fome M o- naltery or noted. Church: The fame Author alio refutes the Opinion‘of thofe Idem, tcm. 3. who .attribute „the Con qu eft and. G rant hereof to Santa Cfuz, .by ApbnfoPÈen- liï, to . cap.g. riques; for, in the Records of the faid Prince’s Favours to that Monaflefyj aiRT called the Teftament of tltat Monarch, no Mention is made of Arroncbes. . About twenty eight Years after this Grant of King Sancbb, his .Succeffor, A f i jonfoA V i, ■ confidering the great Importance of the Town from its Situation on: the Frontiers, exchanged the LorAlhip of it with the Prior of Santa 'Cruz, Don" joaon Fifes, for, the Advowfons or Patronage of,the Churches o f ‘Santa M aria de ÙIndps ,and Santa Maria, do slffumar, jointly with the Inn or Hoftiiiaria o f Poya- rer,.which was effected in the Year 1264.. In the Reign o f ¥Siigpcnriis,\ the In­ fante Don Ajfonfo was poflefied of this Seigniory, though not long, as having' djf- gufted the Ring his Brother, the latter,' accompanied by S d n cb o lV ‘. of Cafiile Ihutfhim up in the Town, and afterwards gave him that of Armamar in "lieu of itf this Exchange’was made in Badajoz, on the 13th of hpO'uetnler, 1287; arid Arroncbes hath ever finçe remained annexed to the Crown. ',In ,paft AgeS,' great Debates arofe between ¿¡Tronches and A kgrete, about their Territory arid Boun­ daries the forrher protected by Don Martin Pires, Prior of Santa Cruz o f 'Cphti- bra\\ and the latter by Donna Urraca Fehiandes, Widow of Don "joaon Garcia de Sauf à, Lord o f th e ‘laid T ow n ; but the Difpute was compta fed by Arbitrators, and the Limits fettled in the Year 1254. ' ’ . ' " Chirm. do* R egr. liv, 3. Arroncbes was ereCfced into a Marquifete by P a r ’ll, in Favour of Plrnrique de cap.14, Soufa F adores, third Earl of Miranda ; to whofeSoh and Succeffor, King jé h n V . gave tlie Dukedoiri of Lafoens, 1 after the Alliance of his Brother, the molt fe- rene Don M iguel, with the Heir of the find Houfe. Tins Town confifts of 360 Families, comprehended m tlie parochial Church o f Nojfa Senhora da Affumpçaon. :. Here is a Hoiife taf Mercy, :ari HoipitalRand a Convent of Hermits de Santo Agbjlinbo, . . .. In thé Minority of King A ffb n fo Y l, .and in;the Year j 661, this Place was- fur- rendered: to Don John o f A u jlria , who marched, againft it with io,ooo Infantry and 3000 Horfe, as the Fortifications were of little Defence, and the Garrifon confifted only of an hundred and odd Militia; In 4664, the Cajlitians again quitted it, diffident of their Ability to preferve it. . I ' p i ' ■ ; ■ -v r '1 : RtS Government confifts of ^ .ju izd eF o r.a , 'Veteadoresp Procurador do Cùpcelbo; aiid otlier M iniitefsrln its Territory are; included fix Parilhes, though the biggeit of them does not contain above fifty Iloufes. ^ C ■ "A ' ■ '

; , | :rl'' 1'1 -J' ‘ Ouvidona do Cralo, -*■ A ■ b ■' Contains twelve Towns ; of which, Part lie in the Province of Atentejo, and Part in Fjlremadura: So that fome of them belong to the Provedoria of Portait’- gre, and others to that of Fhdmar, Cralo being thC Plead. ' VL ■ 1 T ow n s. . Towns. . . . Amietra, Beher, Cardigos, Cdrvoeiro, Qertana, Crato, Emendas, Si J osor . d e fe a t fete, Oletroi, Pedrogaon-Peyuem, Proen^a aJSfova, and Tolofa.

Crate is feated three Leagues to the weftward o f Fortakgre, and between four and five from AfcrwiW. Some Geographers would perfuade ,us, that in this Si­ tuation flood formerly a City, called Catraleucum, or Catraleucas, mentioned by Ptolemy, and plate it in L ufta nta, in the proper Country of the deltas: They $cntd. Lttfit. alfo infifl on its having been epifcopal, founding their Opinion on a Firm in the iom.i. tnt.±. n p t 14.. EHberttanean Council, celebrated in 312, when the fecondaryBilhop, in figning,; affumed the Title of Catraleucenfe. Pedro deLoaifa luppofes Catraleucenfe to be f M iflake in the Copifl, as he does hot find this Name in any other Original ;< but at the fame time that he condemns this as an Error, and fobftitutes Ca/lu-: hnenfe in its room, he ejtpofes himfelf to an equal Cenfure for making the Change without a fufficient Foundation for it: He affirms, that on the Spot,y now called Cazhna ¡a Vieja, formerly flood the City Cqfiulo j Of which, Secundim was Biihop, and feveral others, who figned in various 'Toledan Councils. „ In cafe of attributing to Crate fo antique a Foundation, it mufl precifely he allowed, that Catraleucas, mined byfome unfortunate Accident, was reduced to fo difmal a Condition, as to render it undeferving the Notice of the ancient Hif- - torians of the Kingdom. ' This Town is encompafled with an old Wall, in which are two Gates, that of Alter doCbaon, and that of do Convento. Its Charter was given it by King M a­ nuel,, on the r 5th of November, 15123 and confifls of 700 Families in onepariih, with a Vicar, fix Priefts, and a Treafurer. Here is alfo a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and a Convent o f Francifean Friars, of the Province of the Algarves. Crato is the Capital of a Priory, appertaining to the Order o f Malta-, which comprehends in its Diftriit 6000 Families, diftributed in twenty nine Pariihes: Of which the Prior hath a temporal Juriltlidtion, as .well in civil as in criminal Caufes; fie is alfo exempt from an epifcopal one, by apoftolic Indulgences, in- titled, Nullius Diacefs, It a few Years ago belonged to the mbit ferene Infante Don Francifcp, who appointed its Governor or Lieutenant, as may be feen in the Chapter of military Dignities. It ferves as a Refidence for an Ouvidor and a J u iz de Fora (the former enter­ ing in the Correigam of the Priory.Lands); and its Territory includes feven Pa* riihes, with 670 Families.

Onvidoria de A v tz , Extends itfelf to feventeen Towns, of which that of this Name is the chief. Towns. Alandroal, Alter-Pedrozo, A vtz, Benavente, BenavtUa, Cabega de Vide, Cahegaon, Cam, Qtruchc, Figudra, Front dr a, Galveas, Jurumenha, Mora, Noudar, Seda, and Vet ros,

A v tz is fituated on an Eminence, and on a River of the lame Name, making a Triangle with the Towns of Arrayolos and EJlremoz; in reipedt to which it ftands northwards. It owes its Original to Don Fernaon 'de ¿bines, Mailer of the Knights of who procuring, with Leave of K in g AJbnf: II, a Place more adjacent to the Moor if: Frontiers,, where- to remove the Convent o f his Order,; chofe the Spot on which this Toym is now built ; fo called, either from lbme Waters obferved to fpring on reconnoitring the Place, or flora the great Num­ ber o f Birds bred there: It is certain, that, in the Gift made by his' aforemen­ tioned Majefty, it is laid to have the Name, of A v iz , previous tb that Donation '' ■ ■ ■ " ' ' “made':. S:ttl:N':'iP-fOKTUqA'L. ■ i ¿3

made to thè Order, Facio Chartam donations $ de Ecco' ìlio, qui vocatur A viz, qui ja - cet, &c* E t concedimiis tati P aA o, quad cajlrum œdificetis & populeiis, &c, _ Appelais dì The Gift o£ tills Site was made by the King to the aforefatd Matter, on the lait Mwl' Day of June, i2.ri, with the Conditions, that he fliould build a Caille, and make a Settlement there,, as will appear by the Claufes in the abovcmentioned Deed: ^ ^ Three Years after this Grant, v iz . on the 15th of Anguji^ 1214, the Foundation. 1 of A y iz was bègün, tlie abovenamed Don Eetnaon de Aunes continuing itili Mai­ ler of the Order, and nqt Don Fernando Rodrigues Mont eira, as fonie Anthoiu write; which appears plainly in the Confirmation of Alpedtiz, Alcanhede, and

' Jurum&nha, made by the faid Prince, in .1218, four Years after the Foundation r ria C l- \yas, commenced, Don Fernando podrigiies Mònteiro iüçcéeded Don Fernpon de An- AuTiitu jies \ and in his Time The Convent ç îE v o r a was removed to this) Place, when «p*6*- the Caille was finiTied, which1, it is-probable, was the Rcafon that Tome termed, Klin the Crii Mailer q i'A v i z i more efpecially, as from this. Time the Title of Knights of Plvçra, which, this .Order, hitherto..bore, was. aboliihed. . , ■ . The Town is inclolRd with an1 old Whlly.m which are four Towers, and fix .Gates, v iz , that of Apjo, I)ebaixo,- Evora, Santo Antonio, . S,Roque, Rndthe.Po/?/gy; formerly there were two Towers,more, which, were the Gates, of Eyara.apd Santo ‘ A F t0^i.^ demoliihed, affet proclaiming) King John' IV, to'build the two Forts that,arb now in thole Gates: A large extramuraiSxibwb extends itfelf noithward, in which are the three Streets o f ,the Pideiras, Meyo, and that ofthe M erc adores. This Place contains 342 Families, comprehended in.one Parifii ; Whofe Church, is dedicated to Nojfn Senhora da Orada, and occupies the highett Partpf the Town: l i hath a Prior and five Benefici ados (who are Friars of the Order), befides one more, wbo jointly therewith is Superior of the Convent. . ; The Convent of Nojja. Senhora âaAJJumpqdon is the principal Building here; ÏJead 0f t Ho Order, and the Refidence ofthe grand Prior : It is eredfed near the Gate Anjo, but without, the Walls, and is inhabited by. twenty feven Friars (the Hum her limited by the Statutes) ; among which is the clauftral Superior, who. governs in the Abfenee of the grand Prior; and here is. likewife a Judge of the Territories o f the Order:. O f the. twenty feven, eleven have whole Ratios, 'and . the remaining fixteen only half Ratios. The other Edifices are a Houfe of Mercy alid ail Hofpital. Anciently the Pa­ lace of the .Matters ftpod in this Town, between rthe Homage. Tower and the Con­ vent ; and both were, the Work of the Matter Dòn Pedro, Conttable of Portugal, and calledfby, the Catalans, King of Aragon, being Son to the Infante DonfW rc. [A v izA the Capital of the Order .of this Name (which will be treated of among tfie other;Orders) ; .it is likewife lb.of Bad Ó uvidori .theflatter’s Territories, gnd the Refidence of the Ouvidor and of a J u i z de Fora, tliough it belongs to the Frove dori a of E vora. . Its particular Government conlitts o f three Pereadores, a Procurator of the Council, Fficrivaon of the Chamber, Judge of the Orphans, and other Minifters : lien; arc likewife a Capitaon nAr, Sergent inêr of the Dif- tri£l, and another of the Place; /with three.CoinpanievS of the one Sort of Mi­ litia, and one of the other Sort. . ) ■ , . j , .. '. The Territory of yRTs; extends feven Leagues from F.aft to.Wrett, and five . from Hoith.to South,, comprehending the Village of Cafa Franca and fcveral Pa- rifiies ; which, as well as die’parochial Church.pi the.’ faid. Village, arc all Cu­ racies '.belonging to the Order. ÎV-v ,) '■ .T.-Tri.-T v"/y)V

■i’ri'd ■ An ;-.V

 2 R ‘ C II A P. *54 D I SS E R T A T I O N S on

CHAP. XIII.

A Dejcription o f the Kingdom o f ,K lgarve.

H IS Kingdom borders northerly on the Province of Alentejo (from Which it ^ isfeparated by the Mountains of Caldeiraon and Moncbique) ; to the Eaft on the Province Of Andahfut (from which it is divided by the IsfvezT Guadiana) ; and: the South and W eft Parts are bounded by CxtAtlantic Ocean. , On its meridional Coaft are fèen the Bays of Lagos, Faro, and Favira, running from Weft to Eaft; and its two Coafts form an Angle nt CaptSt.VthceHt, called anciently the facred. Promontory, hi ;the Latitude of 3 6 .Degrees and 55 Minhtes, and 9 Degrees and 10 Minutes Longitude, counting from- the Meridian of:the ljk:de Ferro, y Geo­ graphers commonly reckon it twenty feven to-twenty eight. Leagues long from'. Eaft: to Weft, ând between five and fix wide from South to North. The Ñame o f Algarve is generally attributed to the Moors, as unknown in Spain before their Entrance into thefe Provinces : Some derive if 'from certain A rabic Words, fig- , nifying a plain and fertile Country; others take the Etyrhology from a Word, in­ terpreted the Weft. T h e Name o f A lgarve was anciently extended tò a much larger Trait of Coun­ try than at ptefent, comprehending all the Coaft from Cape St. Vincent to the City o f Almería in the Kingdom of Granada, and taking -in all the Lands in A frica that fronted-thefe Dominions: The Name is now reftrained to the finali Extent juft mentioned; for although, among the Titles of the S p q n if Monarchs, Mention is yet made of the Algarves of A lgéztraj a City feated in the Streights of Gibraltar, the Title of A lgezira limits the Signifitatiofi of'the faid Name, and only refpeits the ancient Geography of Spain, after beginning to fiiake off the M oorijhYoke. . , The Royalty of Algarve lawfully belonged to the Cròwiì Of Portugal from the firft founding the Kingdom; but as the Kings of Cajlile and Leon attempted to appropriate tills Dominion," Í filali endeavour to fhew the Gróúnds the Portu- gitefe had to fupport the PoiTeifiori: And, among many other Reaibnkf the fub- fequent ones prefent themfelves. Firft, Becaufe, that' in the Donation by A f- fonjb VI. to the Conde Dori Henrique^ Mention'is not made of the Lands beyond the Guadiana, neither were the Cónquefts in any Manner ; limited : Becaufe, thenceforward the Kings of Portugal, as well' aS'thofe o f Aeon, endeavoured to free thofe Lands from the Moorijb Subjection, which were Frontiers1 to their Eftates, or that promifed the greateft Utility to their Dominions f arid, ' under fuch Views, the Conqueft of Algarve feenied very convenient to the Portuguefe : Becaufe, with this PrepoflefGon, King Sancho, the firft: of the Ñ ahie/arid. the-:fé­ cond in thé Set vicé o f th èfuff arti c Mpnafchs',; conquered th'e City f i f y Ives in rilgarve in the Year r 188 ; to which lie added^iii the.fohówting Year, ' the Re- ftoration of many other Lands: Becaufe, : from this Time the; faid Prince af­ in med the Title o f King o fAlgarve,' as appears 'by nlany , ancient W ritings, eipe- .cially in a Gift he made tò the Mórtaftery of G rifo'ontheytli'of fitly , 1190; whofe Original is kept in the Tòwef ùi-Fombo,'.arid ih ¡which, he 'ihtifles himfelf, ■ Sana us, D etfraciâ, Poriugajliœ & Algàrbji R efi though ìt muft bé corifeíTed,.. that, he afterwards abftained from the Title, prrloiing:again- the Coriqúefts hé had made in that Kingdom: Becaufe, riot only-His SuBjeétkackriòwretig'ed^him- for S PA I N AND P O' R T U G A L. 1 5 5 for King thereof, but alfo Strangers gave him the Title ; and among thefe, fe- veral Princes of Spain, as thofe of Aragon and Leon, in ¿T reaty of Peace, m en­ tioned by Jerony'riió Z u rita : Becaufe that Affonfo II, in Proof of their being , no ' Limits in his Conqnefts, not oqly paffed the River Guadiana, and took.the Towns o f Serpa and Mottra, but he penetrated Andalujia, and returned with .great Booty : Becaufe in his Reign, the City of T avira, and feVeral other Parts o f Algarve, were gainedln the Year 1142, which he granted tothe Q rderof San­ tiago and its M ailer, as may be feen in the Confirmation-Bull of Innotent TV ; : which is an irrefragable.Teílimoñy of his being abfolute Lord, of thofe Terri­ tories ; Finally, Becaule K ing ,Affonjb III, profecuting thè commenced Cpn- quefts, gained the City of Faro from the Moots, and at lati reílored the whole ' Kingdom from their Subjection. ' On this Footing thè Portuguèfe Monarchs were, in regard to the Dominion of Algarve, when FSmg Affo? f o l i . (Son o í Ft. Fernando) reigning in Caffi le, declared -War agamit the laft mentioned Prince, Affonfo III. of Portugal, in the Year 12,52, about;the Poifeffion of that Kingdom; founding his Pretenfìons.tò it, either Momrdi.Lti from a Ceffi on of King Faiicho II, who; feme time before, had retired to.Toledo^ ' or from the.Jealoufy of a growing Power in a neighbouring Prince; or, finally, in a Renunciation made him by Ab?n M

Coreicaon de Lagos, '■' ■ l- ■ ’ - Comprehends ope City, leven Towns, and various Villages.; having Lflgos for its Capital...... ; 1 City. .■ _ ...... Lagos. .;■ '/ t-;; . . . . r ..., Towns. / ; . t/.) , Albufeira, A ljezu r, O de Seine,, Padernef, Sagres, Villa do Bifpo, and Villarlfova de Portimaon. . . Villages. . . Alfontes da Guia, AJmadena, Balcpira, Barqofi deB.Jqftofa Baraon de S. Miguel, Bemfafim~JOebai.no, Bordeira, BudensK Gctr.rapateira, Dtaxere, Graihos,. Marmekte, Quartetra, Hopozara, Lorre, . and. Val de Boy. In forpe Accounts likewife the Name of a Villagers given to a few fcattered Country-ho ufes ; near ¿<7^, com­ monly called the Farralta. ■; ; ■■ xfpfj-. ;) Mb/, X; t

'■ Lagos is feated on the meridional Coafl o f Algarve, at fix Leagues Dillaiice frorn Cape S tt Vincent, in 3 7 Degrees' of'Latitude^ arid p Degrees and 3 S'Alinutes ■ Longitude. Its Bay is covered from the ‘north, norih-weft? aiid w^-ririrth-welt Winds, capable;of' containitig large Fleets, withla very' go0d DarbriUf beforeithe City, in which are feven or eight Fathom o f W ater, tinder the” Artillery of- the Fortrefs. In the five Leagues that lie between this Place and Sagreij although the SPAIN ANt) PORTUGAL.

the Coaft is moftly rocky, there are notwithstanding fome Strands o f Saudi which are defended by the following Forts, viz. Noja Senior a da Guta, Santo Ig­ nacio do Ajtvtal, V ira Cruz de Figueira, S. L u ìz de Ahnadena, and Nejfa Senior a da L uz. It is the Opinion of Refende, and other learned Antiquarians, that the City of Lagos is founded on the very Spot that the famous Lacobriga anciently occu­ pied, of which, Ptolemy and the Itinerary of Antoninus Pius make Mention ; and it is fuppofed to have been a Colony of Carthaginians, built above three hun­ dred Years before thé Birth o f our Saviour. In .Procefs o f Tim e it fell into Ruins, and was reduced to a finali Village o f little Note, retaining for many Ages the Privileges only of a Town; King’ SebajUan reftored it to its ancient Dignity, by granting it a City's Charter, at a Time when it was irido fed with a good W all, had a Caille called Pinhaon (of which I iliall prefently fay fometFling m ore), and its celebrated Aqueduds, built by Order of K ing Mamet. The Fortification of the Place is irregular, made fo by following the Situa­ tion of the Ground; It is coittpofed of nine impeded Bulwarks, girt tógether on the Land Side; and o f five Redoubts, towards the River (which takes the Name of the Place), and forms in its Mouth a little Port, with feven or eight Fathom Water (as I have before obferved), defended by the Fort Bandetra, a mo­ dem Work, and well furniihed with Artillery : At the Diitance of a large Muf- ket-ihot, to tile weftward, is the Fortrefs of Pinhaon, on an elevated Situation, in Form o f a Peninfuia, with Batteries above and below to defend the Bay, which the Sea there makes with the Point daPiedade (on which there is another Bat­ tery), and tile Point do Carvoeifo, on which a Fort is ereded. This City had the Preeminence for a long Time of being the Relidence of the fiipreme Officer of Algarve (now moved to Favira), under various Denomina­ tions ; which originally was that of Annadel, as appears by an Older of King Fernando, dated the 2d of April, 1415, wrote on Parchment, and kept in the Chamber of Lagos : In Time the Title was changed from Annadel to Fronteiro' mory and the firit of which Mention is made, belonging to the Kingdom of A l­ garve, is on the 2d of December, 1460, when the Inhabitants of Lagos complained to the Cortes (or Parliament) of Evora, that the Fronteiro mar intermeddled with the particular Government of the Town; which is Hkewife proved from ano­ ther Parchment, preferved in the faid Chamber, The firft Time that the Title of Governor of Algarve is met with, was in the Beginning of the Reign of Philip I, from whence is inferred that it was his In- ftitution ; and the firit Governor, mentioned in the Books of the Mifericordia of Lagos, is Martim Correa da Sylva, in the Year 1581. The Regimen o f thefe Go­ vernors was given, in 1596, to Ruy Lourenyo de Favor a \ and it was increafed af­ terwards, in the Year 1624, when foaon Furtado de Mendoça was fent to govern tins Kingdom, with the Obligation to refide either at Lagos or Favira. This City contains 801 Fires, with 2872 Communicants, diflributed in twd Pàrìihes ; O f which the firft ÏS the Mother Church of Santa Maria, feafed to the South, at a little Diitance from the Walls ; it is very ancient, and was enlarged in 1480, and had a Prior and four Benefices created in it : The other Church is that o f S. Sebajiiaon, feated northward, and was formerly called the Conceiçaon ; but on rebuilding it,' m the Reign of John II, it was dedicated to S. Sebajiiaon, as Proteftor and Advocate againil the Plagiie, which at that Time afflicted the Kingdom; the Biihop, Don Affbnfo de Cafello~Bra?ico, ordained ill it à Prior and two Benefices, to which D o n feronymo Barreto added a third: Here are four Convents, viz. Capuchins daPiedade, founded in the Year 1518, by the Biihop Don Fernando Coutinho, With the Title o f Ft offa Senbora do Loreto, Which was afterwards remoted to its prefent Situation, and dedicated to S.Pram cifco in 1560; that of da Fri ni da de, founded in the Year 1599, by Favour of Ruy Vom ii. * a S Lou- on 5 » D I S S E R T A T I ON S Lourento de Tavora, then Governor o f that Kingdom, die Mejfineftes granting to this Order an Hermitage they had, dedicated to Nojfa Senhora do Forto Salvo, built ever fmcc the Year 1553 ; Nofta Seaborn da Coned coon, of N u n sCarmelite cafya- das> founded in 1 954, in the Place where there was an Hermitage o f the fame Dedication; and SN/oaon de Dcos, with an Hofpital, rebuilt in the Year 1696, Ayres de Saldatiha being Governor of Algarve, on the fame Spot where another flood, dedicated to S.Pedro. T h e City Government confifts o f three Vereadores, a Procurator of the Coun­ cil, and other Mini Hers: it ferves as a Reiidence to the Corregedor of the Dif- tricl, and a Juiz de Fora.

Villa-Nova de Portimaon. This Place Hands two Leagues to die eaftward of Lagos and Alvor, on the Brink of a River; which, after watering Sylves, defeends two Leagues lower, and forms a large and fecure Port to this. T o w n ; though a Pilot’s AfEiftance is neceilary to enter it, as its Bar* hath lome mutable Banks o f Sand, and die Tides arc very different; as. at high Water and Spring-tides, the Depth is twenty three Palms, and ten at low Water. This Popt is half a League long; and, being three Fathom deep, is capable o f containing two hundred VelTels; but in the two Leagues between it and Sylves, only Boats can navigate: Its Entrance is defended by two Forts; the onjb to the weftward, called Santa Cft- tharina, with a Battery to the Sea, and two Bulwarks on.the Land Side; the other at a Muiket-fhot from die Bar, eaftward, named S. Jqaon, with, a Battery above, and another below. The Foundation of this Town is attributed to fotnp particular Men, who be­ gun it in die Year 1463, and in die Reign pf Affbnfo Y ; the principal of which was named Portimaon, which was joined to Villa-Nova, to diftinguifli it from others with the fame Appellation. The firft Lord this Place had, was Gonyalo Vaz de Cajlello-Branco (by Favour of the abovementioned Prince Affbnfo V .), who ferved as Secretary da Puridade His Son, Don Marti?ibo dc Cajlelh-Branco, was made die firfi; Earl o f Villa-Nova, by King Manod; and in Procefs of Time the Honour entered the Houfe of Lan- cafter, by the Marriage of Donpa Magdalena de Vllhena, with Don Pedro de Lan- caftro, fecond Earl of Figudro, Grandfather of another Don Pedro de Laneafro , who lately poffeffed the Earldom. It is fortified al antic, with a Barbican and Fort to the Rivet: It is feated on a plain Piece of Ground, widi well-planned and ftrait Streets, which terminate in two Suburbs, one to thp River, and the other to die Land. This Town confifts of 487 Fires, with 1721 Communicants, comprehended in one Parifh, dedicated to Nofta Seaborn da Coaecicqm: It has a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital; and a Convent of Capuchins da Piedade, built in the Year 1541; in diat Suburb lying landward, there is alio a College of Jeftuigs, whofe FoundaT tion was in the Year 1660. It is the Refidence of a ffutz de Fora; and its particular Government confifts of three Vereadorcs, Efcrivano of the Chamber, and .other Minifters.

Correigaon de ftavira. ■ This Corrdpaon contains one City, three Towns, and fifteen Villages; Which acknowledge ffavira for its Head. 1 '--1 . ■ ; . j ■;

City. . ' ■ ' '' ' Pavlra. '' ■ A- . Towns. ; ■ ; ; . , r-. , ■ ; Gaftromarim, Cacella, Louie. ' ■ ■ ^ .m r

Villages, SPAIN A N D PORTUGAL.

Villages. Alte, Ametxial, A]or, Ajinhal, Bencfim, Benfafim de Ci'ma, Boliqueime, Cachopo, Gioer.s, Martina Longo, Moncarapacho, 0 Delate, Per Pro, Sehr, Vaqmiros*

iTavira is ieated in a Bay of the fame Name, five Leagues from the City of Fhrp, and four from Ay a monte, that Lands to the North-weft, on the other Side the Guadiana; It lies in 37 Degrees and 4 Minutes of northern Latitude, and 10 Degrees and 42 Minutes of we item Longitude. Its Bar hath no great Depth o f W ater, has l'evcra] Turnings, and fubjcbt to be moved and changed every Year; though the Fort hath four or five Fathom, and is defended by two Forts, well provided with Cannon. Some Authors fay, that the Situation of 'Tavira is one of the moil agreeable in the Kingdom, as it is fur rounded with Gardens and Or­ chards, and divided by a Liver into oriental and occidental (though on unequal Ground): But 1 mud airier from them, as feveral Places leemed to me better to merit that Eulogy than this City; though indeed but few Beauties are to be found in any of thefe Farts in Horticulture; fo that many agreeable Situations lie unimproved, which would be rendered charming in another Country, where Tafte and Money more abounds, A fine Bridge joins the two Parts of the City together, wliich is inclofed by an old Wall, of equal Birth with its Caftle, which Lands in the old Town, on the higheft Part of it, and was rebuilt in the Year 1292, by K ing Dennis; The Sea flows a League above tire City, between wliich and Faro are many Illands, with various little Streigbts. The Antiquarian, Andre de Refen de, conjectures, that Tavira is the ancient Balfa, of which, Pompom us, Pliny, Ptolemy, and the Itinerary of Antoninus Pius, make Mention: But not to enlarge on the Uncertainty of this Opinion, or Time o f its Foundation, I ihall only obferve its having undergone the fame Misfortune as the other Places of Algarve, by the Moors Entrance into Spain; until Don Payo Peres Correa, in the Year 1242, delivered it from this Captivity, being then only Common da dor of Alcacer-do Sal (a Place lo called) in the Reign o f Sancho II. Its firft Charter was from AJfonfo ill, in the Year 1266, at the fame time that he .granted thofe to Louie, Faro, and Syives: And in this manner (only with the Pri­ vilege of a Town) it continued till the Reign of King Manoel, who raifed it to the Preeminence of a City; as he did to Elvas, Beja, and Funchal in the Ifland o f Madeira; its Charter bearing Date the 16th of May, 15 20, confirmed by King John III. on the ioth.of November, 1525. The Royalty of Tavira was given by King Sancho II, on the 9th of January, 1244, to the Order of Santiago, that is, two Years after its Conqueit, In Acknow­ ledgment of the Knights Behaviour on that Occafion: This Donation was con­ firmed by a Bull of Pope Innocent IV, expedited on the 8th of September', 1245; which is an irrefragable Proof that the Kings of Portugal, preceding Ajfonfo III, were Seigniors of the Royalty of Algarve. Some time after this Prince, dubious of the Validity of the Grant, and a Conteft ariling about it between him and the Order, it was fettled, on the 7th of January, 1272, by competent Arbitra­ tors, that the temporal Lordihip belonged to his Majeflry, and the Patronage o f the Churches to- the Order, with Heritage of Gomeira, and; others; -fo that Don Payo remained governing 'the Churehes by his Friars, which the King at prefent reprelents as grand Mailer. • - This City contains 1563 Fires, confiiting of 5444'Souls or Communicants, diilributed in-two-Parifhes : Which are that of Santa'Mari a; palling fonthe Mo­ ther Church (although with great Altercation from that of Santiago-), -which is compofed of 3493 Souls; in-it are a Prior, with two Friars, benefited-Curates, and four ftmple ones, of which one appertains alfo to the- Order: - The other of Santiago (whofe Patronage-was the GMi- o i Ajfonfo III. in the Year' 1270, at Ever a, being then a Pariih to the1 Biihop- Don F r. Bartkokmeu, -his Chaplain t 6o DISSERTATIONS on

and Phyfician) hath a Prior and three Benefices, containing 1951 Communi­ cants. t t ' Here is a Houfe of Mercy, begun in 1541 ; and an Hofpital, which received the Denomination from Ajfonfo V, in the Year 1571, as it before was called an Inn from 1425. Here are alfo five Convents, viz. that o f Francfcan Friars, which is the oldeit in the Place, having been built by King Dennis, in the Year 1279, for the templars, who poffeiTed it till the Year 1312, in which the Order was abo- lifhed; it afterwards paiTed to the clauitral Francifcans, and from them to the Obfervantes, in the Reign o f King Manvel, according to a Biief of Pope Leo X, bearing Date the 15th of June, 1517; it is faid originally to have been a Cellar o f the Moors : The Nuns of S. Bernardo, extramural; iuppofed by fome to have been the Work o f King Manoel, though, in the Catalogue of the Bifhops of A l­ garve, it is attributed to the Biihop Don Fernando Coutinbo, who, for tins Pur- pofe, fent his Sifters to Lenoir a, with the Title of Founders, who governed it fuc- celfively for many Years to 1520, and lie buried by the Step of the Choir - many give it the Name of Santa Clara’s Convent, as it was built by tire Nuns of that Order ; it enjoys feveral Chapels, that were annexed to it on the Expuliion of the Claujlrah o f S, Francfco, out of which Income they pay fome Penfions to the Friars Obfervantes: That of the Faulijls, of the Congregation of Serra de Ojfa, called de Nojfa Senloora da Ajuda, which was begun in Val Fermofo, in the Reign o f Ajfonfo V, by fome Hermits; to whom this Prince gave, on the 1 ith of Novem­ ber,. 144$, the fame Privileges that the Inhabitants of Serra deOJfa obtained; but their Succelfors, not content with that Situation, removed into the City in the Year 1606; in that of 1630, Hiogo Pinheiro left them a large Piece o f Ground to amplify their Convent’s Works, and they have accordingly finilhed a moft fumptuous Church, equalled but by few in Algarve: T h at o f Nojfa Senhora da Graf a, of Auguftin Hermits, begun by Fr. Pedro of Villa-Vtfofa in the Year 1542, retreating from the Prafa de Aamor, which King John III, had enlarged ; others afleit, that the true Year of its Foundation was in 1569, though the Arrival of its Founder was in that aforementioned, and that his firft Habitation was in a Synagogue, which he converted into a Church, and dedicated it as above: That o f the Capuchins, of the Province da Piedade; who, having refided in another Part of the City, at a Place given them by Antonio Peres in the Year 1607, they exchanged it for their prelent Situation, at the Inftance of Biihop Don Fernando Manias Mafiarenhas, who contributed a great deal to the new Work, as Hen­ ri que Correa da Syha (Alcaide mar), and its Patron, alfo did; it preferves the Title of Nojfa Senhora da Ejperanfa, from an Hermitage which flood there be­ fore. The Territory o f tavlra extends fix Leagues towards the Mountain adjoining to Alcmtim, two to Cacella, and between two and three towards Faro. It con­ tains five Pariihes, of which four are annexed to that of Santiago (within the City), and the other to the military Order of the fame Saint; being diftinguifhed as follows: Nojfa Senhora da Cancelfaon, diftant a League eaft ward, being a Priory of the Order of Santiago, with 232 Fires, and 727 Communicants 1. Nojfa Senhora da L u z lies at a League’s Diftance to the W eft ( whofe Church exceeds in Archi- teflure aft in the Bilhopric), with 157 Fires, or 490 Souls that communicate: Santa Fjlavaon Hands between the Weft and North, remote a League, with 140 Fires, and 510 Communicants: Santa Catbarina da Fonte do. Bifpo, lying at two Leagues Diftance, Weft and North, as the laft, though a little more inclined to the firft; it contains 389 Fires, with 1259 who receive the Communion: Nojfa Senhora. da Graf a, of Moncarapacho, two Leagues from "tavira, with 585 Fires, compoied of 2081 that communicate. tavira is the Head of a Drftnft, Seat of a Cornet faon, and Refiden.ee of a J u iz de Fora. It hath for Arms, a Ship and a Bridge* r, Louie Louie ftaiids t\VoiLeagues: to the Norths weft of Farò, in a pleafant Plain, de­ fended by an old Wall, and Calile. Many allert its Oiiginal to have emerged out of thè Ruids^of'the ancient City of dfrrteira, feated near the Sea, between bufet r a and -Farà, on a’ Rivet Which ftill prefer ves the1 fame Ñame, and of which, at low Water, there ftill appears fonie Vejliges. It was. a Place of fonie Note be­ fore tile Moots Irtvaiioti ; but they left it fo ruinated, that Affbnjb III. was forced to1 Order its being répéopléd, -and granted it' the fame Charter as taTàvira, Faro; and Sylves. In the Reign of Affonfo V, it was eretfted into an Earldom, in Fa­ vour of Deft Henri que de Metiese*, Son to Don Durate dé Metieses, Earl o f Vi anna ; 1 and at this Time its Walls wefe rebuilt; it afterwards palled to the Earls of Ma- rialza, but was very foon remcorpofated ili' tiro Crown : It is a Commcndam of the Order of Santiago, of which, Lopo Furtado de Mendoça, Earl o î Rio Grande, . wás Gofnmendador. This1 Town contains 1514 Fires, with- 4921 Communicants, in only one Pa­ nili, dedicated to S\ Clemente, which hath a Prior, a beneficed Cútate of the Order o f Santiago, befides four otlier Benefices in the Bilhop’s Prefentatjon. It hath a Houfe of Mercy, and an Hofpital richly endowed, befides the following Con­ vents, viz. The Hermits of S.AugujUn, built originally for the Templars, who polîeilëd it till the Year of their Diflolution, 1312; it afterwards palled to rile Gaufrais, arid from them tò the Ftartcifcan Obfervantes, until the Year 1380, when the Cardinal-King g a Ve it to \hti Augufins : The Capuchins, of the Province da Piedade, founded in 1546, by Nunó Rodrigues Barreto ; in which the Friars' continued till the Year 1692, when they removed to their prefent Quarters, with the Referve of the ancient Inclofure : The Augujlin defcalços, founded in tile fif­ teenth Century: Here is like wife, a Retirement for honeft poor Women, founded by a devout Prieft, named Father Jotion de Aguiar ; in which they remained- till the Year 169S, when they were removed to the Situation o f the Church Èfpirito ' Santo, which the Chamber had given; in 1711, Pope Clement XI. granted them, by a Brief, Leave to profefs in the Habit of the Conception, which they liad al­ ways wore. Thé jurifdidtion oí Louie extends to the fubfequent Places: Boli que ime, two Leagues frodi the Town, with 543 Fires, and 1Ó92 Communicants; Alte, a t' three Leagues, with 448 Fires, and 1545 that receive the Communion; S.Sebaf- tìapn de Salir, at two Leagues, with 465 Fires, and 1552 Souls ; ^ uerença, at other, two. Leagues, with 224 Fires', and 827 Communicants; Santo Antonio, do Machia!,.at five Leagues, with 192 Fires, and 290 Souls; Snntp EJievaon do Ca- chopor_at fix Leagues, with 332 Fires,- and 885 Communicants. . It has a Vote and Seat in the Cortes, and is the Refidence of a Juiz de Fora: Its partieulai* Government conlifts of three Percadores, a Procurador o í the Coun­ cil, Efcrivaon of the Chamber, and other Officers*

Alcoutim. Í fhall here treat of this T ow n ; for, befides. its being compre­ hended in the Bifhopric of Algarve, and contiguous to the Territory of Tavira, it formerly belonged' .to this Diftfift, although if "at prefent appertains to the Olivi doria o Í.Beja in Alehtejoi It i$ feated, at five Leagues ;.to the North oiCaf- tromarini, ore a Ground, ' fronting i>, Lücar dà Guadianq,with'1''its Calile and Inciòfure of W aUYinfthe antigüe.Táíle : K ing Dennis Order eft tt To be peopled ili 'the Year 1304 • and granted it the fame Charter as lie did to the City of Evera] ' making a Gift' of it to the Order of Santiago. . In this Tow n the' Pence was ' fettled between Fernando o i Portugal, and Httiirique II / of Cafri le, by the Me-. diati On"òf an apoltolical Legate, ir^the' Yeah 137 i, V Kin f Marne f, granting it' new Privileges in the Year i 52c, iaiftd it tó àmE:irldohif in. Favour" ofthe eldeft; Son oí the Marquis o f Villa-Real ; and it now- appertains, or did' i’ome few Years ago, to the Inf ah tèD on Frati eijbo~, with many' other Lands,'' VÒY/IL * - # 2 h - which which compofe the Infantado Eftate, having the City of Beja for its Ca« pitai. j It is the laft Town in that Part o f the Kingdom o f Algarve, which confines with Aida lufa and with Alentejo; and, a little above it, the River Vafcaon M s into íhe Guadiana, which divides the laid Kingdom from the Plain of Ouriqnet From Akoutim to.Martim-longo (going from E aft to Weft), is not above four Leagues, three t oPereiro, and two to Gioensy and 'both thefe Villages ftand half a League from the aforementioned River Vafcaon. [ Alcoutim is inhabited by 3Ó4 Fires, with 1,148 Communicants, in one Pariih, dedicated to S, Salvador, in the Prefentation of the Bfihop o í Algarve, though it formerly was a Priory of the Order o f Santiago.

Orni doria de Faro. This O umidori a or Diftridt comprehends two Cities,, which are, Faro and^/u« ; the Town of A kor, and feveral Villages, according, to the following Lifts.

Villages , appertaining to Faro : Efoy, S.B raz, S.Bartholomeu do Peraon, Santa Barbara de Nexc, Qucljcz, S. foaon da Venda, N , S. da Conceiqdon, Olbaon, Parte de Moncarapacbo. Villages belonging to Sykes: Alcantarilha, Alferce, Cafaes, Lagoa, Lameria, Me- cbilboeira grande, Monchique, Pedra negra, Ptcalto, Porches veibo, S. Bartholomew de Mejfnes, Santa Mar gar Ida, AJdea Ruyva, Algos, Efombar, Lainarofa, Loubite, Me- cbilboeria da Carr eg, Odi loca, Pera, Porches novo, S, Antonio dq Armaqaon, S. Mar­ cos ^ Ferragudo, Pala,

Faro is feated in the Latitude of 36 : 58, and Longitude 10 : 22, five Leagues from Favira, and a little more than Four from Forte da fuarteira, which ftand s in Front o f Cape Saint Mary's-, the Bar lies to the eaftward of the City, from which it is a League and a half diftant; its Entrance is very narrow, with many Shelves to the fouthward of it, which are fubjedt to alter, according, as the Winds and Tides aftedt them. The River leading to the City, hath many Turnings and Windings, with little Depth of Water; fo that VeiTels which draw much, are' obliged to Unload Part of their Cargo in Boats before they can come up to the Key, which a Ship of two hundred Tons in no fhape can.: When the Tide is out, a great Number o f little Ifies appeal-, which the Flood iudes ; and both above and below the City are feveral Corn-Mills along thè Shore, with their refpedtiveDams, which grind a Sufficiency of Meal for tlie Inhabitants Supply. The Bar is de­ fended by a Caftle, mounting fix "or eight Guns ; and oppofite to it ftands an­ other, built originally a little-Way from the Sea, which has fince fo gained on the Land hereabouts, as to encircle the Fort, and fo to imdermine it, as to leave it lbmc Time linee deferted and finking into Ruins, as its Brother will, if, not timely repaired and taken Care of : W hich I have Reafon to fuppofe will be. the Cafe, under Count Lippes Diredtion, as he a few Years ago fent a'very complete Engineer, to inipedt all tlie Fortifications in Portugal, who., in confequence of his Commiffion, took this in his Route; where I had the Pléafure to fee feveral o f his well-executed Plans, of thofe he/had examined, and to learn from him; the miferable Condition1 they were, generally ip (with ..the Exception of Lome very few), which, if not fpeedily attended tò, he laid, mull: tèrmi hate in their total. Defolation. Befides .the, above m ehtio ned, prime ip al' Bar, (there are two or three others, which only ferve lor.Bòafy;,- and ’even whilft l was therè;, the‘8ea opened ' one of a corifidefable Length, by which thelnfKennen. paired, being, like .the other finali .one's, a nearer Cut to the City.' " ' '"'i'' 1V" ' V ' • ■ Faro is fituated in .a Plain lying along tlie- Rivet, and lo lo w;, that'the Plaqa mor_ (or great Square) is frequently overflowed at Spring-tides. TjThis damp.Si- - 7 f'1 V' ' - tuation SPA I N a n n P O R T U G A L. 163 ffarionexpofesdhe Inhabitants to Agues; whereas had it been built on the up­ per Grounds (moftly Gravel), that like a Theatre turround it, it would un­ doubtedly háve conduced to Health, and afforded a moil delightful Profpedt; The immediate.adjoining Country is moftly Heath; though, at a iinall Dif- tance, the Soil is good, and both pleafantly and profitably interfperied with Gardens. : Tlie moil certain and earlíeb Account wc have of this Place, is, that it was gained from the Moors in the Year- 1249, and in the Reign o f King Ajfonfo II I ; .and tills Conqueb was fuecceded (in the fame Year) by that of AILmfeira and .Louie: Faro was then a noted Plape; and, as fome Autliors will have it, was founded, either by .the Greeks (though from very -flight Conjectures) ; or was a MooriJ/j Work, as the Materials of the Wails and Cable (the inner Town then F> called) would readily perfuade any one to believe, the.Mortar being bill fo compadl and l'olid, that it even equals or exceeds the Hardnefs of an ordinary. Stone, which Manner of Building was peculiar to tht Africans. A t die Tim e of its Conqueb, it was well fortified and bored, by t he Facility with which the M i­ ra m a molim (or Emperor) of Morocco had to fupply and fuccour it; but being be- fieged by Land and Sea, it capitulated and iurrendered to King AJfonfj, who per- fonally engaged in the Enterprize: After tfic Expiration or at mob fe venteen Years, that is, in the Year 1266, the faid Prince gave it a Charter, as he did to fevcral other Places in Algarve; and it fo continued till the Reign of John III, who,-honoured it with the Dignity and Privileges of a City. Faro now enjoys not only the-Preeminence of a City, but that of an epifcopal one, by trahflating the Chair from Syhrn here, as this had before been moved from OJfonoba there: Ever fince the Reign of King John III, and the Epifcopate o f Dop Manuel de Soufa, a Brief was foil cited, for this Purpofe, but could not then be obtained; nor was the Attempt more fuccefsfully repeated in thefubfe- quent Bilhop’s Time (Don John de Mello), by the Oppofition of the'Clergy, Se­ nate, and Nobility of Syfaes: But on the illuftrious Prelate Don Jeronymo Gforids coming to the Government of that Diocefe, in the Year 15ó4, he renewed the In- bances for, and obtained the Translation, which was finally concluded before the Year 1580, in which he died, in the Month o f Augujl; as appears (among other Memorials) by an authenticated Proviiion of the faid Prelate, by the which (in virtue of a Brief from the Pope) he changed the Cathedral of Syhe$ into a parochial Church, and ebabliihed the prefent Dignity in Faro, The Catalogue of Bi(hops in thefe three Sees mob authentic, makes Mention of nine in OJfonoba, from Bifhop Vicente to Agrippo, who flourished during the 15th Council of Lo ledo, celebrated in. the Year* 688, In Sylves are reckoned - twenty eight, from Don Nicholas, appointed by King Sancho I, to Don Jenny mo Oforio., in.whofe Tim e the epifcopal Dignity was removed from that City to Faro; where, from the faid Prelate to the prefent reigning one in 1766, have been fourteen, making in all fifty one. In the Year* 1596, on the 2 5 tit of July, Don Ruy Lorenzo de Favor a being Go­ vernor (afterwards Viceroy of India), and Don Fernando Martins Majcarenhas (one of the mob celebrated Prelates of this Cathedral), Bifhop of Algarve, the Engli/l\ being then. at W ar .with the Portuguefe,(hacked and burned Faro, the,. Churches pf StrPeter and de Mifericordia only eic aping the Calamity.. This City was, formerly reckoned to:contaba 1469 Fires (or.Hearths); . computed at 4240 Souls of Comrpunion, divided in two Parifhes, viz, that of -the Cathedral, with io 17 Soil's, and that of &. PtYrr, with 2223. - . ' , ! This Chapter confifts of feven Dignitaries, viz. a Dean, Archdeacon, Chan­ ter, chief Tfeafuter, Schoqlmaber, Archdeacon oi l'avira, and Archdeacon o f Lagos; twelve Canons; ;fix Demi-Cánons, and fen 'fyartdnarios orlBenejkiados, four of which are Capitulars. , . ■, , . i: C ' ' The DISSERTATIONS on

T h e other Edifices are, the Houfe o f Mtferitordia, an Hofpital, and four Con­ vents, viz. that o f St. Francis, Obfervantes, built for the Capucbtns ofPiety in the Year 1529; who exchanged it, hy the Year 1541, for that of the Objetivantes of Villa-Nova dePortimûûn (which was then building) in the Reign of Kqng John III, in òrdet to their taking on them the Government of the Capuchin Nuns of that City, from which they however excufed themfelves : That of the Nuns of Santa Clara, founded by Queen Catharine, Wife of the lait mentioned Monarch, in the Year 1527, with the Invocation of the AJfinnptiôn ; - in which Situation there was before a Receptacle for Women, compofed of a Community of very honourable and devout Perfons - the firft Founders of this Convent came from that of the Mother of God hi Lijbmi: The Jefuits College (joining eafterly to the new Wall, where there are itiU fomc Remains o f the old one, called las Valias), begun by. the Bifhop Don Fernando Mattine Mafcarenhás, in the Year 16.02: The Convent o f Capuchin Friars, of the Piety, dedicated to Santo Antonio, joining northerly to the aforementioned Vallas j of which, the firft Stone was laid'by the Bifhop John Càutìnho, On the i 5th of Odio ber, .1620. There was like wile in this City a Houfe of Retirement for noble Damfels, founded by the Bifhop Francifco Barreto, clofe to thé Church of Mtfiricordta ; but thefe were afterwards moved to another, buiít for then! at Louie, The Royalty of Faro hath belonged to the Queens of Portugal, jointly with, that ò f Sylva, ever fin ce the Reign o f K ing John II. Here is a pretty Trade ear­ ned on with the Salt made, and Tunny Fidi caught and exported ^ befides thé various Fruits of Almonds, Figs, Ràifins, Cork, Cane, Shu mac, Lemons, and Oranges. It is the ftèfidencé of an Ouvìdor (òr Judge) of the Queen’s Lands and Demedies, who, by an efpeciál Privilege, is likewife Prove dor-, the faid Lands remaining exempt from thé‘ JüfÍfdi£tíón of the general Provedoria of the King­ dom, and the territorial ones o f Lagos and Favira : Here is a Juftice (from whom Appeals lie to thé Ouvidor) ■ a Governor, Captain-major, Sergeant-major (com­ manding the twb different Sorts of Militia) ; Judge_of the C ultomhoufe, Receiver" o f the Cuftoms, Prove dor of the Magazines, and Health òr Pfdttic Mailer. The City Arras are, our Lady of the Conception, between two Towers. This city’s JurifdidHon: extends oversight Pariih.es, v iz. iff, T h at of the Con­ ception, half a League diftant, towards thé North, having 95 Lires, with 32^" Communicants. 2. Eftoy, a League"northward, with the Invocation of St. Mar­ tin- it has 535 Fires, ahd 1833 Perfons that communicate. 3. S t.P raz de Æ - portel, two Leagues from the City, and ohe from Eftoy, with 704 Fires, and 2552 Sbtils, 4. St. John de Venda, lying the Diftaiice of' a League North-weft from Faro, inhabited by 250 Perfons, with 85 Fires, 5. St.Barbara de Nèxe, about a Mile tbwards St.John de Vencía, northerly, with 3.63 Fires, and 1253 Perfons. 6. Oihaon, a League eaftwardly, which was feparated from Ifuelfez, and hath 403 Fites, with 1388 Sbtils. 7. Pexaon (o rPafftan), a League alfo to the eaftward, dedicated to S. Bartholmeu,.hzvmg 116 Fires, and 367 Communicants. 8. St. Sebaftiàn de fueìfez, two Leágues eáftwárdíy, with 166 Fires, and 416 commu­ nicating Perfohs. This Territory comprehends a finali Fait, of Moncatapacho -, the other, with tile Chamber and its Government* belonging to tlié Juriídiétion of Favira. By the great LaithqUâkèi which happened bri the iff of November, 1755, this'. City was cohfídérahly daíñÜgéd, and íliared .tíie Fáte of mofi others in Portugal, by the Defolatjon which that Event brtiught ‘ with it. All the public Buildings fuffered more or lefs, and whole Streets were converted into a Heap ofR ubbjfh; which itili affords an affecting Scéne to a Breáfi not mfehfìblé to .thé Mi fériés of others : For though tile Capuchin Convent, .and ínáiiy HoUfeshhd. other Fa­ brics, aré rebuilt oi‘ fepaitedj thé Bifhop’s Palacé rèedifying and enlar'ging . (though irregular, and quite -but of T afte) * yet filch a Number bf the fgUen Edifices SPAIN and P O R T U G A L.

Edifices frill remain in the defolate Condition that the Shock left them, inter- fperfed with the new-raifed Habitations, as feemingly rcprefents the Pi&ure of human Life chequered with Black and White, or Fortuned Wheel, which with one Whirl changes the Face of Tilings, and turns them topfy turvy. Of the Francifcan Convent, and St. Peters Church, only a few Shattered W alls are left {landing; and I imagine this will be the Fate for feme Time of the firmer, which tauft owe its Repairs to Charity; and though the latter may not be quite lo long delayed, having feme Rents to forward it, yet the Work ieems to go on with a Lentor, that does not exprefs any great.Hafte in its Conclufion. The Capuchin Nuns could not all efcape unhurt, as three or four of them were buried in the Ruins of their Convent; the others got out and letired to the Houles of their Relations; till one could be provided for them (which was at a Garden), wheie. they remained reclufe, whilfr their Dwelling was repaired, and returned to it again after about feven Years Alienee. The Jefuits College fuframed its Shave in tile common Calamity, as a Part of it was thrown down; bu t this would rea-. dily have been refitted, had.not his mo ft Faithful Majcfty banifhed that Order from the Kingdom, and left the Houle as an Emblem of its Mailer's proltrate Condition. A large Congregation were aflembled to hearMafs m the Church of Capuchins, which was celebrating when the Earthquake began; and the Doors being large, and then open, every one endeavoured an Efcape from the threaten­ ing Ganger; but before they could effect it, a great Shock fhut them to, and, loofening the Frame of the Roof, it fell down, and made a Grave for about two hundred of the Aifembly.

The ancient City of Offomba was (bated where Ejtoy now ftands, known before the Conqueft of the Romans; and not in the Place of Ejlombar, as feme Authors have erroneoufly believed. This City frouriihed for many Ages, being the prin­ cipal one in all the Province;, and'where, it is faid, EJiquius, a Difciple of Saint James Major, preached and planted the G ofpel: But with the Entrance here o f the Moors, in the Year 713, this Place fuffered a total Ruin; It was an epifcopal City; and although the Time of its being made fo does not appear, it is certain it had its Prelates in the Beginning of the fourth Cen­ tury. Some Antiquarians, who pretend to have moft exactly ferutiriized this Hifrory, reduce the Number of its Bifhpps to nine, commencing with Don Vi­ cente, who, in the Year 324, ¿(lifted at the Council of Iiiberi, an ancient City of Ejpaftha Betica, St. Syhejler being Pope, and Con/lantine the Great Emperor: To Mm followed Ithacio, Pedro, Gregorio, Batumiw, Exarm, Pluciano, Belito, and Agrippo; of Which feme perfonally, and others by their Deputies, were prefent in feveral Councils of ’Toledo and Zaragojd. The Dignity having continued almoft four hundred Years in OJfonoba, the Se­ ries o f its Bifhops finally ceafed, by the Moors Invafion of Algarve; and the Gap made thereby continued for more than five Centuries, till King Sancho I. con­ quered the City of Syhes, and eftablifhed therein the epifcopal Chair, which O f fbnoba enjoyed before its Ruin. It is apparent that EJloy now occupies Part o f the Spot where Offomba formerly flood, as well from the Veftiges or. Traces that as yet. remain there, of feme magnificent ancient Edifices;. among which are the Ruins o f' a Temple built with Ericks, and in many Places covered with Mofaic-work; as from the Re­ mains of Baths., Aqueducts, Sepulchres, Pieces of Columns, &c, found in this Place: Here is alfo a very antique Tower frill fubfifring, at a little Difrance from the Temple abovementioned; and, to corroborate this Conjedbire, many Stones are yet feen in Faro, with Infcriptions that prove them to be Roman: And, ,as this City is more modem, it is reafenable to conclude, that they were taken out of the Ruins of OJfonoba, and carried to Faro, which their Vici- Vol, II. 2 U nity röÖ D IS SÈ RT A T IÔ N S o k '

* Accornt of nity will alfe contribute to confirm; Mr/y//, Rhys * gives us the following rfmaikjble Pinoci, io, ohé: P^Ì 9- IMP. CAES. r . LlClNIO. . VALËRîaNO-R. P. AVG. PONT. MAX. P. P. TR. POT. 1 III. COS'. R E T . OSSÛN. , . . EX.'ÜECRËTÔ. ORD, DEVOT, NVMlN.ïf MAIESTAT. " OS. EIVS.'D. D.

Selves lies four Leagues homLagôs,tmàtçnitoiiiCàpe St. Vincent) to the North- eaft: It is watered by a pretty’coiifiderable River, that, at two Leagues to tire South-Weft, paiTes by Villa-Nova de Portimaon, to loie itfelf m tire . Séa., Some Geographers date the Building of tlrlé City previous to the Coming of the Car­ thaginians to Spain-, but, in Refutation of this fuppofed Antiquity, no.certaift Memorials of Syhes have been handed down to ùs, that mention any thing of if before the Year 10605 in Which, conformable to fome Caflilian Hiftorians, if was conquered by Ring Ferdinand the Great from, the Moors, though it foon re- tUrhed Under their Dominion. In theTeär iT88, it again changed Matters ; be­ ing takeiv after a two Month's Siege, by King Sancho f, aided by a powerful Navy of feveral northern Nations, going then to the Conqueft of Pakfiinc: It remained’ M t three Years in the Hands of the Chriftians 5 ’being, in 1191, reconquered by the Emperor of Morocco, to which the Calamities that then opprefied Portugal contributed, by preventing its late Mailer from recurring timely to its Succour;' and it continued under the Moorifi Government, till it'was reilored, with' many1 other principal Places, to( King Sancbo II, in the Year 1242, by the Commendador Don Payo Peres Correa, afterwards grand Mailer of the Order of Santiago. Syhes retains the Prerogative of having been an epifcopal City, which was procured it by King Sancho I, on his conquering it, and transferred the See to this new Church, that had formerly been in OJonoba, as is before obferved. Syl- ves, raifed to this Dignity in 118S, had for Its fir ft Biihop Don Nicholas, ruling. Canon of Santa Cruz de Coimbra, and ConfeiTor to Ills faid Majefty ; though he enjoyed the Honour but a little while, being deprived of it by the City’s return­ ing to theMoortß] Obedience, as above exprefled: W hen the Portuguefc again pof- feifed it, the epifcopal Dignity was here reftored ; and Don Fr. Robert, of the Order of Preachers, appointed to fill the Chair, by King Alfonfo 111. in 1254. From this Prelate, the Catalogue of Bfthops continue uninterrupted till the Go­ vernment of the famous Don Jeronymo Ofirio ; in whofe Tim e the Chair was trans­ ferred to Paro, before the Year 1580, in which he died at Y avira, having com­ menced to govern this Church in 1564. In the Defcription of Faro, I have mentioned a Lift of the Prelates, as well of that, new Church, as oCOßmoba and Syhes ; fo I fhali content myfelf at prefent with relating the Words o f a Gift of King Alfonfo III, wrote in Praiie of the Church of Syhes, and noted in the Catalogue of the Bifhops of Algarve, an­ nexed to the fyhodical Co'nftitùtions of Biihop Francis Barreto, in the Year 1674; which Words are as follows, Ibi Cathedrakm noßram Sylvenfem Fcdefiam in Algar- bio fit am, que ah antiquo famofijfima, & ditijfnha rutilahat: Though it is to be ob- fetved, that Ills Majefty does not Only ipeak of the epifcopal Chair then eftabiiihed in Syhes, but of that which was anciently fettled in Ojfomba -, otherwife the A11- tiquity, Splendor and Riches, that he attributes in thoTê Words to the latter, Would licit be verified, a$ it wàs not complète an hundred Years fince K ing San­ cbo I, founded the faid Cathédral. But, returning to tire political State o f the City of Syhes, King Alfonfo HI. gave it its Charter in the Month oîAugufi, 1266 (Don Garcia being then Biihop), arid déclarés it to be the fame as that to the Inhabitants of Pifbon ; King Ferdinand granted it very còhiiderabìé Privileges, when Hé Was at Qnihbra in the Year 141b. The Royalty of this City appertains to S PA I # mffc b i ® ft. # tr't? AJL. • ity to tlie Queens of Portugal (as mentioned in the Defcription of Faro) ever fince the Reign of King John II; and is fubjeft, with all its Dift rifts, to the Quvtdor o f Faro. The City itfelf contains, in*o)ie Pariih, 586 ffrtcs.and 1948 Communicants j the Church is dedicated to Santa Maria, and was formerly the Cathedral. It has a Horde de Majoricordia t an Holpital, a Convent of tire Order Ferceira de S. Fran- which they tpoft EoiTeffipn; in ihe Year - r6 2a * having been ceded to them three Years before by.t he. Friars da Fro vine t a da piedade^, for whom the Biff lop iirrty B; ■ Tlie Arm s' oFthe City me a Crownj hy aTieldi MrgenJ -..- .-ty / vvty'.V ■ , v'd^.v.'-« \ ft^he Jurifdiftion of Sjhes is as "extend ve hi I have deferibed it.hr tire Article o f Faro, where are feparately noted me Villages-’appertaining'-'to ■ each City} among whofe Number are fome as full as populous as feveral Towns in other Provinces b And fome Places in Algarve, thatf are now Villages, were fa truer! y fortified Tow n s; as'SaIirK Jerragiido] JtrmllFa, ^cf/emaming an Eniblenf of the iftietuat- iri£,;under thin Condition of all'iublundry EilabhllrmentgV '' ‘ h

F.

'vi K; ■ t."j-. . 1 ■/e i.’.i.

C FI A P. i6$ D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

CHAP* XIV*

A L ift o f the Governors and Captains- General^ that have been o f the Kingdom o f Algarve, W ith a Catalogue o f the Latitudes and Longitudes o f the Cities and principal Towns in Portugal.

i * RFIM Correa da Syha, who begun it in the Year 1581. 2. ^ * Don Duarte deMenezes, Conde de Farouea^bo was Governor of Fangier. 3. Fernaon da Syha, who had been Ambaflador to the Court of Cajlile. 4. Fernaon Fellcs de Menezes. 5. Ruy Lturonzo de Favora, afterwards Viceroy of India, 6. Don Dingo de Menezes, Earl o f Ericeira. 7. D011 Manoel de Lencafiro, Son to the Duke of Aveiro. 8. Don Joacn de Cajlro, who had been Prefident of the Chamber of Lijbon* 9. Don Luis Fhome, Son to the aforefaid, who governed by Election of the Chambers of this Kingdom, as there was no Proprietor. 10. DonAjfonfo deNoronha, afterwards Viceroy o f India. 1 1. Don Pedro Manoel, afterwards Earl of Atalaya. 12. Joaon Furtado de Mendoza, who had done confiderable Service in. India* 13. Don L uiz de Soufa, Earl o f Prado, and who was Governor of BraJU. 14. Don Gonyah Coutinbo, who was Governor o f Mazagam. 15. Henrique Correa da Syha, Son to the firft Governor of this Kingdom, Vea- dor of King John IV’s Revenue. 16. Don Vafco Mafcarmhas, Earl of Obidos, and afterwards military Governor of the Province of Alentejo. 17. Martim Ajfonfo de Mello, Earl o f S.Lourenqo. 18. Nuno de Mendoza, Earl o f Val de Keys, as die Earl o f Obidos did not return to this Government. 19. Don Vafco Mafcarenhas, Earl of Obidos, afterwards Viceroy of Fidia. 20. Francifco de Mello, Monteiro mar of the Kingdom, who had been Ambafiador in France. 21. Nuno de Mendoza, Earl o f Val de Keys, who governed upwards of feven Years. 22* Martim Correa da Syha, Grandfon to the firft Governor, and which he had been o f Mazagaon and the Tower of S.Juliaon. 23. Don L uiz de Almeida, Earl o f Auintes. 24. Nuno de Mendoza, Earl o f Val de Keys, who had been Governor of this King­ dom, and afterwards Veador of the Revenue. 25. Nuno da Cunha de A t aide, Earl of Pontevel, who had been Camp-mafter-ge- neral in the Province of Minbo. 26. Simaon Correa da Syha, Earl of Caftanhe'tra, 27. D ouA wk da Sylveira, Earl o f Sarzedas. 28. Don Francifco L u iz da Gama, Marquis of Niza. 29. Ayres de Saldanka, who had been Governor o f Angola. 30. Don Fernando Mafcarenhas, Marquis of Fronteira; who, befides other mili- litary Polls, was one of the Counfellors of State to King fehn V , Veador o f the S P A I N a x I) I>OR T L1 G A L. 169 . the Revenue, Prefident of the Tribunal of the Defmbargo do Pago, and chief Mayordomo to Queen Mariana o f Anjlria. 3 1. Don Antonio de Almeida, Earl o f Aviates. 32. Don Joaon deLencqjlre, who' had been Governor o f ASigoI'a and Bahia, 33. ■ Don Manoel yofepb de CajlropE afl of-Monfantop fince Marquis of Cafcaes, of ‘ the Council1 of War, had been. Governor of the Tower a i Belem, and Gen­ tleman of the Bedchamber to King 34. Marti?ia AniOnio dffonjo d sM e lb j Bylva, Earl o f S^Lourengo, _ 35. In Default o f a rehcUng Governor, Melchor da Cojia Correa Rebello, Sargent0 mbr de Batalba, govemed.it fome Years.. . 36. t)on.Rodrigo. de Cajlr.d belles & Menezes, E a rlo f Unbaon, Deputy, or Keprefeiir .. vttve-in.th&AiTembly ofthe threeStates/and-Gentleman-of the Bedcham*- .. her to King-Joim V* - • -

'A Catalogue of- the Latitudes and -Longitudes of the Cities and „ .. . principal Tjmnsjfi Portugal......

' Places. . Latitude.' - Longitude. ;...... Deg. "Min; Deg; * Min. .Braga, — — - — — 4 1 ■ " 3 9 - ■ -i - - - - IO H -Guimaraenr;- - - 41 ■* 3 4 - .. 26 ' AmaraMe, - - - - - 4 i .. 2$ .. 42 L ilia de Conde, - ’' - " - " - 4I 24 - ■ - - - - ~ 9 -• 5 5 Barcellos, - - - 41 .. 36 - - - 10 - 3 Lfpofende, " - ' - ' - " - “ - ■ A- ” ..34 - J.A '9 •* 5 5 ‘Viannd, - - ^ 4I 4 4 - : - 9 „ 52 - -Ponte de Lima, - - 41 5 ° - ‘ - - - - - ^ - 1 0 5 " 'Camiriha, ‘ - - - 4 1 56 -■ Villa-Nerua da Cerveifa, - - 4 2 ... — • ■ - ■ ^ ------9 .. 56 Valenya, - - - - 42 s i - 10 ■ * 5 Monyam, - - - - - 42 .. 6 - ~ 10 - 19 Melgaqo, - - - - - 4 2 * 3 v ..3 2 Montalegre, - - - - - 41 *■ s5 - -' - - -' - - 10 ••■ 58 ■ Chaves, ------41 ■■ 5 i - - - _ _ - - 11 .. 20 Villa-Real, - - - - - 41 19 - _ ^ - - - - 11 .. 2 Lorre ’de Moncbrvo, - - .; 36 Mogadouro, - - - - - 4 i - 417 - - . - - - - - 11 5 5 Miranda, ' - - ■ - 4 i 25 - - ■ - ’ - 12 .. 2$ BragamaL - ' - —’ - 41 46" -■ - _ - 12 - 7 _ - - - - - II Monfot'te de Rio Livfe, - - 4 'i 5 ° "AS Mirandella, - - - ~ . . 2 1 - “ - II f l - 3 ° Porto, - - - - - 4 r ..‘ 11 ------9 ■■ 5 8 „ ™ - Petra, ' - 4 ° .. 56 - Ovar, 40 ■■ 5 4 : - - 4 4 - 9 ■■ 5 3 Lamego, - - 4 1. -- 5 i y^e* da Pefqueita, - .. . 4 1 ... 2 ------II .. 16 Almeida, ------40 - 3 2 - - II 4 4 Alfayates, - 1 - - - . 40 ... 10 - - 3 s

Sabugal, -* - - - 40 ... II, ; - Caftrodairc, - ■ - - . - 4 ° ■ *-5 2 - 4D

V o t. II, * 2 X Vifcu, -iÿo ; D I S S £ RT AT I O N S on s Places/ r Latitude. ■' i’1' ! - - ‘ '■ :V /Longitude/ Deg. ■ Mit)*- ; ■ v ■ : . ■ ücg. Min. Vifeu, - - - - " - 40 -» 3 6 - 7.. - .'7; 10 4 Í - 40 , - .-i- . ;r — - 11 Prancoßi -, - - * - 3 5 7 - !■“ l 7 Pinhel, - - ** -* 40 ,” 3 7 - r* "■ II l". 3 & Oliveira do Candé, - - ’ - 40 ,■■ 27^ - . - - .7 '-i - 7- -; .10 - 3 5 .. ï6 - Coimbra, - - - - .> - 40 . , - - - l:-r 10' 7 Aveìro, - - ’ ■ - - >■ 38 - ;. ” “ - - - -'..‘i 9 '»'■ 4 9 Buarcos, - - - - -■ 40 .* 13 - ' 7- - -!; - 9 •* 40 ■ - . - : 40 : Aïigeja, - - • 43 - .••,5.3 Catanheàe, - 1 '.r-- >J-4o >• ^ 30 Pentugal, - - - -* - " 40 17 ------^ 9 .. 57 Montemèro Velbo, - - ' ~ 40 .. il1 - - > - *■ ■ - 9 .. 52 lÀnhares, -• ~ - - - - 40 .. 27 • - - — ■ . 11 12

G u arda, - - - - 22i -v - ; ~ * 11 25 Celorico, *• * - - - - 40 ,, 30 - - - - - 11 . 17 l'CoRjîlbam, - - - - - 40 >. 13 , ------11 13 P enantacor, - - - - - ,4° ** “ 77 "■ 7 ■ - n 26

ManfaniO, - - - - 39 54 ' ~ ~ ------n .30 ïdanhaaNova, - - - - 39 *• 46 - * - - - , - . - - ,11 26 Caftellobranco, - - - 39 .. 44 ------11 L 2 Aérantes, - - - 39 **' 24 ^ - 1 - - 10 .. 22

------39 - 47 - - - -7 - ’ - - 9 -i 36 Pederneira, - - - - - 39 .. 46 ; - ** ------9 ... 11 Alcabala, ------39 .. 42 ------' 9 .. .17 Öurem, - - - - 39 43 7 - - , - 9 A $ o Phomar, - - - 39 .. 40 10 ■■ 5 Feniche, - - 39 2 9 3 ’J ï Porres-Vedras, ' - - - ' - 39 xo 9 ,_ .3 'Cintra, - - - - - 38 -..54 8. ;J7 Cüfcaes, ------38 ,, 49 8 ,54 Lifioa, ------38 48 . 9, Villa-Franca, - - - - 39 1 9 27 Àlemquer, - - - - ' J 9 8 _ - - -' _7 - - - - 9 » 28 Santarem, - - - ■ _ _ 39 „19 : _ _ - - - - 9 .. 50 Porres-Novas, - - - - 39 .. 10 ------r 9 .. 54 Golegana, - - “ - . v 39 *• 27 ------9 .. 57 Cezimbra, - - - - 38 .. 2 7 9 6 SetmeaV,' - - - - - 38 „ 2 8 . - - .....- - - ' V 9 ...' Palmella, - - - - 38 .. 31 ^ ------_ - - 9 „ 21 Æmada, ------38 .. 44 — ■. ■' --. - - '■ - . - ' - 9 ,, j .j Benaventa, - - - - -■ 39 .. — - - ~ 9 ...44

P or talegre, - - - - - 39 .,*■ 8 - ' -• - ¿ -• u .. 6

■■Montahaon, - - - -- 30 „ 28 . 11 ./ 4 * & » , - 39 - =3 ------„ 3 Caftello de Vide, - - - - 39 i j - 1 _r - 10 .. j8 P raioj " - - - 39 .. 9 - ro .. ij4

P^ûra, ;S P A. I N AND P O R T U G A L.

Places. Latitude* Longitude. , Deg* Min. Deg, Min, Evoray ------38 27 ------10 *. 31 Aviso, ------38 56 - - - - * - - - 10 ,, 35 Coruche, - - 39 '*■-—“ ------_ 9 56 Montemor $ Nova, - - - 38 ... 34 ------■ - 10 .* 12 Arrayoios, - - -/ - - 38 *• 3 7 - . 7 - - - - 10 .. 27

EvoraMonie, - ' - *- ’ - 38 ..37 ------io 44 Efiremoz, - - - - - 38 .. 42 ------10 .. 40 Soufel, ------3 8 .. 50 ------io,. 52 ■' Erùïiteira\'\:-. .54' - -- -- y 10-.. .,53 1 Çœhtyù tk Vide, - • - ' -• 38. * f .56 - - r . . '- - -, 10 . . ‘58

Borbài - -■ - - - - 38 .. 39 - - - - - 10 .* 56 A i cacete do Sal, -• - ; - 38 .. 19 - ^ ■ - - - - , - 9 .. 50 GranMfiAl 38 .< . 7 - 1:-. - - - -■ -, 9 .. 38 Sines, - - ./- •- 37 A 48 ». . -, - - - 9 .. 16 Borici;, r 1 ; * .. - . - 38 Fy 11 - 4- - . . - - - - io .. 40 Vidtgueira, - y - - • - 38 .. 5 - - St - - 10 .. 34 A lvi to, . - - 38 .. 12 . - . io .. 22 Beja,- - . - - 3 7 5 6 ~ - - - ~ - - 10 2 7 Monta, A 38 .. 2 r !. t .r ' - . - 1° - SS Serpa, -, -■ - 37 •* 51 ' " “ - - - - 10 --,44 Aljup-d, ------37 .. 50 ------IO .. 7 Onrioue,- - t - - - . - 37 ” 34 “ - --.,-cr >0 .. 5 .Almodovar, - 37 •• 2$ - - - io .. 14 ‘M r M , - ■ -. - — 37 ** 36: ------, - io .. 38

Mònfarps, - ■ - r - - 38 .. 19. - - - - ' - - - .10 .. 52 E kàs, ------38 .. 42 ------il •* 18 Olìycnpa,. - - - - - 38'.. 3Ì - - - -, 7 - H ** ¿0 -Vampo-Mayor, - ■- 38 ..,49 - - _ ~ - - n .. 24

Faro,-' - ■■ - ■ - : - - - 36**. 58 ------io ..'.22 Eagòs,- - - ' - - - - 3 7 •* “ “ “ - - - - - 9 •• 3 8 Sylves, . ------37".: 5 ------. 9 .. 56 A l i t o r ------37 .. '— ------9.. 42 Louie, ------37 .: 6 - - * - - - - - io .. 19 Favira, ------37 -■* 4 ” ~ “ - -, - - io .. 42

Aïbofèir.ai - 36 .. 59 ------.io.. 5 Cajlromarinì3 - - - - 37^' 3 ------io. 57 AÌCQutìm\ - - - - - 37 .. 22 ------io .. 55 Villa Nova de Portìmaon7 37' .. — * - ' ------9.. 46

APPËNDIX . Î DI S S E RT A T I O NS; on

. A P P E N D I X I.

O f t h e Atlantic IJlam h belonging to Portugal.

Portuguefe Colonies in the AtlantieÔtçaxl, are the liland sof Porto Sanîo 1 ^ • ■ an!d Madeira; the Perceiras or Azores files, and the Cape Verd Iiles, with thoie o f St. Pbbmas and the Prince’s. ‘ " c . T h e lilanch of Porto Santo lies in the Latitude'of 33 Degrees and Ibme Minutes to the North-eaft (a little more eafterlÿ) oï-hAadeiray it ismounted fiveLeagues ’ long, and" two wide/and about an hundred and forty from Lijbon. - ^ . This'was the Beginning of thofe great Discoveries that thé Portugueje made, ■ by Order of the Infante Don Henrique, Son to Kdngjobn I.-of Portugal, and Duke o f Vifeu^ which, commencing with thé Coaits Of and the lllands in the Ocean , were fpread as far as the Eaft-lndies- afid the Continent of America,'with great Reputation to their Arms, and an immenfe Utility" to T rade, opening thereby to all the other Nations of Europe the Art of navigating to the remoteft Parts of thé World; ' " y This liland was difeovered in the Y ear 1419, by Joaon Oonçahes Zarco, a Gen­ tleman Of the aforefaid Infante’s Houfliold,- and Prijlaon Vais, a Perfon of diftin- guifhed Nobility, in 1420; BartholomeuPerejlrello, a Gentleman in the Infante Don Joaon s Family, went to people it, and whom tlie lnfante Don Henrique ap­ pointed, by a Grant in the Year 1446, the firft Captain Donnée of the laid liland, which was afterwards confirmed^ by Affonfo V „ . Its only Town is that called after the liland, Porto Santo, which is built On à level Piece of Ground, within a Muikct-fliot of the Sea, in a Bay fuffieiently iheltered from all Winds, except the South .and South-weft, to. which it is opep and.expofed; it contains 106 Fires, that.make 600 Souls,.in a Parilh, dedicated to S. Salvador. And befides this, there are fomç Villages oh the Ifland ; among which, Farrobo and F et cira are the -principal,, though all .have but few Inhabi­ tants. Its Arms are a Dragon Tree, which was formerly very common here.

The Ifland o f Madeira bears Eaft and W eft with Cape Qantim on the Çoaft of Africa, at an hundred and fifty two Leagues Diftance from.LiJbon, and almoft the fame from the Iflands Perceiras, in the Latitude.of 32 Degrees and fome M i­ nutes ; it is eighteen Leagues long, and a little more than, four wide : Having been difeovered by the aforementioned Joaon Gonsalves Zarco, on the 2d of July, 1419, though after fome EngUjh had poftefled it; among whom was one called Macbhn (I iuppofe wrong fpelt, as I never heard of fuch a Name in England)-,, and from him one of the Cap tain fliip's is nominated Machico, but thefe our Coun­ trymen were drove from thence by a Storm.. The Name of the Ifland was given it by the firft Difcoverers, on account of the thick Woods they law on it ; Ma­ deira in Pùttuguefe, or Madera in Spanijk, fignifying Wood or Timber. It is divided into two Capitamas (Captalnihips); that of.Macbico, and that of Funchal. The firft was'given, to Prijlaon Vaz (one of the Difcoverers of Porto Santo) -, whofe Defendants, taking alio tile Name' of Peixeira from the W ife of the firft Donnée, enjoyed the Honour and Eftate till the Year i 540, - when thé Succeiîiôn became ext'uift ; and, falling thereby tp'the Crown, was, in the iu o heeding \ - eéeding Year,, given bÿ'King 'John III : -ta Adtonio, da Sylvtdra (the famous Defender ; .of B io ) ; who fold it, in the Year 1549, töFrancifco de Gufmarni, Head Mayordomo 4o. the Infanta Donna Maria, for the Sum o f 3^,000 Cruzados ^ which, he gave lit > Dowry with his Daughter Donna Luiza de Gufmaon, who’ married Don Affonfo de Portugal, fécond Earl of Pd mi of0. This Çapitania is Etili preferred in that Family, with the Interruption :only of .one G iant from Philip II, in 1582, to Prifiaon F a z 1daVeiga, for having delivered up to him the Caille of S. Juli don at the Bar o f ..Lißon, but on his' Death it returned to the Houfc of Vimiofo. . . The principal Town of this Capitani a- is Ma chi co, Dated in a Bay; o f the fame .Harne, ,4t a League from the Point of S'. Lourenço, containing at prefeht 533 Fires, with 2022 Souls: Santa,Cruz is another. Town, with, 371 Fires .(though they were formerly 809); and it hands in another Bay, between.the Points òf S. Frajicifco to the eaflward, and S.Fernando to the weflward: It Hath likcwife the Places of Ncfja_ Senhor ado Fay ai, o f Santa Anna, S, Jorge, and Magdalena, fome of them well peopled. T h e 0 tiler Capii aida is that of Funchal, called fo from the City of that Deno­ mination, ,and this from the great Quantity o f Fennel (Funcbo) which grew in this. Place. It was given by Kingjfciw I; to Joaon Gonça Ives Zar co, who afterwards changed his Name for that o f Camera ; his Defceridants hill enjoy it, with the Title, o f Earls of Calheta, by Grant of King Sebafiian, made to Simaori Gùnçalves ■ da Camerai its fifth Captain Dôhnee, ih 1576; Funchal, the Capital o f this Captainfhip arid o f all the Iflatid, is feated in a _ fine Bay, fronting the South, and diflant four Leagues from Santa Cruz-, it is defended towards the Sea by five Forts, bé.fides the Caille, which Hands in an ïfle at the weitem Point, aiid fierves to proteft the Port, as the Fort of S . Joaon ■ do Fico does on the Land Side. This Capitdnia contains alfo fevcral other Places j as the Town of Pont a do Sol, with 342 Fires; Calheta, with 502 ; and the Village o f Camera de hobos ( which gave Appellation to the Grantees), Pdbeira-Brava^ and'others, , ■ . , The City of Funchal is feated in: the Latitude o f 32 Degrees and 40 Minutes; and )n r Degree and 17 Minutes Longitude. It had at firft only the Privilege of aTown, given it h j Affonfo V.in the;Year 1451, who amplified-it in 1472: King - Manosi made.it n City in the Year. 1508; and, in 1514, it became a B.ifhop’s See., united to the Dignity of Vicar of Fbomar, in the Order of Cbnji ; In the Reign of K ing John III. it was raifed. to a Metropolitan, by a Bull o f Pope Clement VII, in the Year, 1537; and had for Suffragans, the BiÛiops of S. Salvador de Angra in tire Ifland of. Ferceira, o f Santiago in the Cape de Vef d Ifles, of St. 'Thomas in the Kingdoms Of Angola and Congo, and of S, Catharine in Goa, extending to all Faß India-, fo that the Archbifhops of Funchal were untitled Primates of the Indies : But in Procefs of Time the metropolitan Jurifdiftion was withdrawn, and it re­ mained reduced to an epifcopal City, thé Diocefe.extending only to the Madeira Ifles, that o f PortoSanto,, the three Dc/foV ones, and the Ifland and Caille o f Ar ~ . guìjn, on the Çoafl of Africa, fourteen Leagues beyond the River do Ouro, after - paifing Gape dasGarças-, apdlately, on dividing theArch biffi op rie of Lifbon into two Diocefes, it was .afligned as Suffragan to the weßern Patriarchate o f that City... There are reckoned to have: been in the laid Churefi fifteen Prelates; viz. four- '' . teen Bifliops and one' Archbifhop : O f winch'- the firft was Don Diogo Pinheiro 1 (though lie . n e v er went there) j who ! was fuccCeded ; By Don Mariinho. de Portugal, Brother to tlie firfl'Eart of PGmiofo, appointed Archbifhop and Primate,' by a Bull o f Pope Paul III, expedited on the 8tli of July, 153 9, and who was the only one; that obtained this Dignity; the fucòeeding Prelates remaining with the Title of. 7 Bifhops Only, to Don jòfepb de Soufa dc Cajlellobranco, who, through IndUpofition* qiiiited the See; and,- iri the-Yem 173 5, - Don Fr, Manosi Cout inho Fhdmarijia was ' inPoireffioriof it. ; ;u y '‘ 7 7 7 VV:7 7 ' :. - -.-./iy" 7 " V o L. IL 2. Y TÌÀ ‘ T h e XQmàôt Madeira contains orie City, four Towns, and a great tnany Vil­ lages, divided into thirty nine Parifh’esj reckoned to include io,5po'Fires‘ with upwards of ¿5.0,000 Communicants. There are in it a Collège of fejuifs, fo u r. Convents of the ObjérVahtsAí'S. Francifcô-, one Monailery of the firft Rule of Santa Clara, and two of the fécond) an HofielrU o f CaCnelite Friars,1 a Houfe1 of Retirement for Women, a Seminary, four'Houfes of Mercy, and lèverai Hof- pitals. ’ ' ; ' .-1'- '' The Government o f this Ifland hath'always been regarded as of great.Import­ ance, and'therefore hath been fnpplied by the Council of Stater JuiHce Is admi- niftered by a Jiiyz de Fóra, with the Power oí Ccrrpgedor, who is provided by the Oefembargo de Paço, and relides in the City of Fuhcbal. It'hath a Cuftomhoufe, fuppofed to be only inferior to Lijboti, mid Partb in point o f Income, and receive? the Tythes o f the .'Ifland, which appertain to the King,, as, grand Maher of the Order o f Cbrijh, and the Cuito ms on Imports andExpor ts have,1 for feme Y eats pail, amounted to upwards of 700,000 Cruzados annually. . 1 i

O f tbe A z o r e s er'Terceira Iflands. - : Tbeie Iflands are called Azores, from the Multitude of Birds with this Name found here, and Perceiras, from the principal of them being fo denominated ; and which was at firft fo named from being the third in the Difcovery of them, thofe o f Santa Maria and S.Mìguèl having preceded: Though the Flemings gave them the Appellation of XJlaemfche. Fylanden, Or the Fiendf Iflhnds, under Pretext of their having been the firft Difcoverers. Thefe Ifles lie in the Atlantic Ocean, and are nine in Number, which I ill all fet down and defcribe in the Order they were found, viz. Santa Maria, S, Miguel, Pere eira, S. forgé, G faci fa , Payai, Pico, Flores, and Corvo. ,

Santa Maria lies in the Latitude of 37 Degrees and fonie Minutes, at Baft and Weft, with Cape St. Vincent in Algarve ; diftant therefrom two hundred and fifty Leagues ; being four long, and three broad: Its Port is to the South-eafl in a Bay, vvhofe Cape feuthwards is fortified by ft Calile mid'five'Fortins;'which de­ fends it from any hoftile Entrance) and it is 'reckoned to be eighteen or twenty Leagues from the City of Pania Delgada in th'elfle of S. Miguel, and fixteen from Villa-Franca, It was difeovered, on the 15th of Augdjl, 1432, by Fr. Ùonçah Velho Cabral, Commendador of Ahnoiirol in the Order of Cbrift, having beeu fent on that Expe­ dition by the Infante Don Henrique, in the Reign of jobn I; and, from the.Day of its Difcovery, it had the Name impofed of Santa Maria. 1 , The drier Place of this Iile is theTow n o f T0H0,wherein is, the Mother bhurch of Ncffa Seu/jora da Ajfumpçaon, with hear 400 Families, which make' 1700 Com ­ municants : Here, are befides two Convents.)"one of Nuns, founded by an Éc- clefiaftic, named Fernando de Andrade ) and- the other Friars, of S. Francijcc; a Se­ nate Houfe, and one of Mercy, 'with a fixer] Rent. In' flic other Parts of the Iiland are leverai Pariih.es, a 5 r i P, edro, Efpirito.. S an fé, ’ Santo Ànt onio, Nbjfa Sen- bora da Serra, Santa Barbara, with/fevéral oilier Places jftrii, Villages: i“'r " : ; ; 7 The ibft Capi dm Donnée was the xxioyçifà F ri Concaio. Velio Cabral (who dif- covered it), by Grant from fhylnfante Don IPejiriquf bearing Datç the 19th of Magi .147° i; which Royalty was enjoyed for many Years by,the Defcendaiits of his Sifter, Dorina fbérefa \ Vdbo - Cabral, unto the Seventh’ Cap tain, ■ Pr a z ' Soares. feSpufaS "J .'.7 _7:7 7 7 T V .7 ^'— Ti'-'■ 7 ■ ''V-Cc ' -T 7

S: Miguel. ; Tjris. is■ the firft. Ill and w e1 meet’ydth i if’the Navigation Tróm L if- hon'Xo Perceiras; ■ whofe eafteni Cape is about twothutidred'-andft w el vçTeâgiies' diftant from CapiPfpicbel-, .arid Others place its Nofth-eaiV Point two hundred- and ■ and fifty Leagues from Setiival, in a d ira li Eaft find W eft Line : It is eighteen Leagues long, and two wide; hath two open Ports to the South, the one front­ ing the City of Pùnta Delgado, and the other'?Fila-Franca-, befides fever al fmall ones, for Barks or other ludi Craft that draw but little Water, - It was difeovered by the aforementioned Fr. Gen calo Velho Cabrai, on the 8 th of May, 1444 3 and it took .the Larne o f S. Miguel 1 from its Difcovery on that .Day? It is thè. mod populous of all the neighbouring Jil.es, as there are reckoned in it. 10,91 y Fifes, with 41,518 grown Per.(bus, and up wart Is'of 10,000 Minors, b elides Male' and'Female Ecclefiaftics and Monadi cs, which a mo ant. to 1393 fib that thè Whole of the Communicants amounts to 42,9a 1 : It is kkevrifethe mod fertile-of.'all its Siderlflcs (although not above, a fifth Part of it be. cultivated), cipeefiìliy in Wheat and Wines ; producing,' communi-bus Annis, twelve thoufaud Mcjos of Wheat, an fa 1m od as much indimi Corn, befides near five, thou land Pipes'of Wine. f : It confids of a City, Pont a Detgada, and the five following Towns, viz. Villa . Franca do Campo, Cilia rP, PC, heir a grande, Villa de APrdejle, Villa designa dePao, and Villa da Sllagoa \ with twenty two Villages, which, are, Pay al,Povoa^aon-velia, Fugar da Pie dade, S. Roque, Belva, Pc tei ras, Nojjk Scnhòra das Neves, S. Pedro i

Maya, Por so-f i r m o fc, Sarto Antonio, Ribetrinba, Fetaes, Bretanba, and others, fonie of them wel: peopled and rich.' T h e City.-of Feria Delgada, Capital of the Ifland,' was, from the Year 1445 to that of 1,499, orjW a Village, dependent on Villa-Franca, thè only Town then in all the I ile ; but in this lad Year; K ing Manoel made it.a Town, which he con­ firmed on the 29th of May, 1507; and, in the Reign of King John III, it was raifed to the Dignity of a City, on-the 2d of April, 154Ó : Kìtìg Philip J. o f Por­ tugal, m Attention to the Services its Inhabitants had rendered him, granted It the fame Privileges as the City of Patio enjoyed, by a Charter, dated the 12th of December, .7582. . Its Situation is in a Plain, joining to a Bay, whofe Port is fo expoied, that, from the Cape of Gale to that.of Santa Clara, which is three Leagues,, there is no Shelter for Ships; but, for the Security of the Place, there is a Fortification, furnifhed with thirty Pieces of Brafs Cannon. The City is divided into three Pariihes: Which are,1 fird, the Mother Church, dedicated to St. Sehajiian, with twelve Benefices, a Vicar, and two Curates, con­ taining 833 Fires, with 3388 Souls that receive the Communion; in its Diftridt are the Monadcries of St. John and St. Andrena, the Jefiuits,College, and the Wo­ mens Retreats of Santa Barbara and Santa A m a; Thè iècond Paridi is that of St. Peter,- and dands eadwardly, with a Vicar, two Curates, ’aTreafurer, and eight Benefici ados, confiding of 423 Fires, with 1.596 Communicants ; in its Ju- rifdicfion is the Convent of Nojfia Senhora daGraca: The third Paridi is St.ljo^ fieph, annexed to the Curacy of 'Nojfa. Senhora da Sonde, and was created by the Bidlop Don Pedro de Cafiilho ; it dands, to the W ed, and .contains 624 Fires, in­ cluding 2388 communicating Souls; and lias within-its Limits the M o ^ te - lies oi'NoJja Senhora da Efiperanca, da' Concettami and: a 1 Con vent .of Prancifican, Friars,.- . , V -- v..x^. -, ; ..vi. V. ■_ 'Anterior to the Year, 1666, , th erew a s > r ec k o ned in this City, 1Ó23 .Fires;..put in later Accounts they are fpecified to be 1879, with .7961 Communicants, in­ cluding Sèchlaitì and Regulars, hdides .150c Children.; x. MV Vi- -Mb; V : ■, The ecciefiadical Government o f thè; Eland is. divided (fun e the Time of the ■ BMhop Done Antonio Vieira Feitaon) into three Oiivulorias, vnutfiat oil Fonia DH- ■ gada, which is the chief; Midi fourteen Parphes, and three annexed Curacies, . wliich contain 17,754 Comdmnicants ;. the fecond istliat of Villa-Franca, with nine Pariihes, comprehending 8688 communicating Souls ; the third is that-of R i bel r a grande, confiding of ten P-ariflie$; with ' 15,027 that communicate. : ' ' :i> I DISSE R E A T I L L f ' The principal Edifices of the City, arc, the Captain’s Palace, the Senate-houfe; the Cuftom-honle, that o f Mtjericordta, diree Convents of Friars, four of Nuns, . rmd three Houfes of Retirement for Women. . , ' The Convents are: One of FranctfcanF rtars, .founded iiy'the'Year 1525, with the Title of Nojja Sahara da Goncei^aon - but changing its Situation in 1709,‘.for the prefeht one, its Church was opened in 1714:: The- Jefarts'College, of which . they .took FoiTefhon in the Year 159 t, aridi in i6ó6,fìm ihèd ; their .new Church; they have here two Matters in Humanity, ‘and.a Reader'of Morality: The Hot- mits o f 1St.AuguJlin, whofe firft Foundation was in! the Year 16.06,. but the Vicar- '/ general, Manoel Sanches de Almada, giving'them-a new Situation, they quitted. the firft, and, m. i68p, finiihed their preient Convent; they havé-a Reader of Arts*. ^ and another òf fpeculative Theology: . y .. !i:-: The Nunneries are. that 0ÌNojfa Senbora da Éfperanya, Francifians, founded by the Nobility and Commons^ o f. the City ; ' in which they entered on1-the 23d.of . April, I54J> and is the moft numerous of'all:. Santo Andre, like wife Francif- cans,, occupied ever, iin.ee die Year 1567^ by:its fi rft- Found e rs ,w h o came front the Monaitery of Jefus da Ribeìra grande-,.; btrt as it was founded without a pon- - tifical Bull, this was folicited frotn Pope Gregory XIII, and afterwards obtained from Sextus V, on the 15 th o f May, 15 8 5 : St. John ante Fort am Fat inani, ■ founded. by Manoel Mar tins Soares and Maria JacomeRapofa, and admitted by the Bifttop Don Jeronymo Fein eira Cabral % fo that the Nuns took Pofleffion in. the Year 1602: And, Nojja Senbora da Concedami, begun to.be inhabited on; the 7 d of Auguft, 16.71, by Nuns frbm the Monaitery o i EJperan^a* The Retirements are, Santa Barbara, Santa Anna, and Frindade. It is the Refidence of a Juìss de Fora, from whom an Appeal lies totheOiA/- dor o f the Foimee; except when the Corregedor o f Angra be there in Office,. 'then the O m i dor ceafes. . The firft Captain, Grantee of tins Iiland, was the repeatedly mentioned Frd Gonzalo Vclbo Cabral ; whole Nephew and Heir, Joaon Soares da Albergarla, fold the laid Captainfliip of S. Miguel (in the Year 1474) to Ruy Gonsalves da Camera fecond Son of Joaon Gon^ahes Zar co, firfc Captain F orinee o f Funchal\. for 32,000 Cruzados, in Money and Sugar: And‘it nqw appertains to the Defendants of the laid Ruy Gonsalves da Camera, its third Grantee, who are now Earls o f R i- beìra grande, and were at .firft Earls of Villa-Franca. Its annual Income to the Fonate is fuppofed to be upwards of 30,000 Cruzados, winch is thè iàihe Sum as tlie original Pmxhafe coft. ' . ”

Villa-Franca. This is thè moft ancient Town of all the Me, and took its, Name originally from its Freedom or Exemption from; the Payment of any Du­ ties. Its Port is five Leagues to the Eaft of Bontà Felgada, and hath an Iiland lying in Front, which is fome Shelter to it; between which ancftheToWnfis an Arm of the Sea, that afterwards forms a round Lake, in which is a fufficient ' Depth for large Ships, and, at a finali Expence, might be made a fine, fecure Har­ bour: The Tow n is defended towards the Sea, by a Caille, well furniihed with, Artillery, and feveral other.Fortifications, ;. . . ■ *■ ; It -hath-two Paiiihes; -S, Mtgilei ('the Mother 'Church), withv 54 9 - Fi res, 'and. 2092 Communicants -y and S. Fedro, !wifb, .264 F'irësjÿcorififting o f .¡7 io-Feffo'ns : . that Receive the Conlmumon :' ;Here .are two Convents ; the one of Fr.dpcifcan ' Ob fermant Friars ; and the other a Nunnery, of the Order of Santa Clara. I t hath dependent on it nine Villages and finali Places, five- to the foutbward, and > four to the North. 1 h1'-. c.- vA-h;.'-' tvyhYih vf ! ' 'v-:'-

V4la daRibetra ' grande. This T own ft an ids almoft mVthie-JVfiddio of the nor-- them Coaft, in a large Bay, at the Foot of a great Mountain. It was made a - ' M| -.J"''!' ’ Tow n ■ '-ToWn;bÿ.iÜhgiil^i^i/j--on:tKp-4th-bf^«j‘i^ J-15Ó7, having till then.been Only à Village; dependent on Villa-Franca. It has two Parilhes 3 that of Ndjfa Senhora da EJlreVd, the Mother Church} and that of Nojfa Senhora da Conceiçaou; which makes between theta bothi424 Fires, with 507Ó.Communicants ; the Curacy o f .the Church o f Salvador da Ribeirinha is annexed to the aforementioned of .Nojfa Sepbora da Èfireìla. Here are a Friary and Nunnery, .of the lame-Orders as' in''Villa-Franca. It gives the Title of Earls to the Captains Données of the Iile o f S.M guel, who were once Earls of Villa-Franca, Don L utz de Camera intro­ duced to this Town, at. his. own Expence, an excellent Fabric of Cloths and Stockings. \ i . T h e other Towns are, .1, Villa de Nordtjle, to which King Mantel gave a Char- : tèr, on the a 8th of July, 1514 } it hath one Pari ih, dedicated to S. Jorge, with 330'Fires,-. and 1349 Communicants. 2. Vi lia de Agua de Pao, wnofe Charter was given :it by1 the aforefaid King, on thé aSthof July, 15153 it hath like wife bût one Pârifh,. of Nojjd Senhora dosAnjos, containing 334 Fires, and 1194 Souls that communicate, 3. Villa da A a go a, which received its Charter from John III, in April, 15223 and hath two Parifhes, viz. Santa Cruz, which is tire Mother Church ; ' and No [fa Senhora do Referto, _ which is built o.n the Spot called Porto dos Cqrneiros ; containing jointly 605 Fires, with 2314 Communicants.

Iflalid, Ferceira is extended aim oft E aft-north-eaft- and Eaft-fouth-eaft, thir­ teen Leagues in Length, and fix broad; the City of Angra, its Capital, lies two hundred and forty five from the Bar of Lijbong and about twenty two. North- Ane de weft and by Weft, from the weftern Cape of S. Miguel. Both the Time of its môgrX m°ôr; DffcoveryundDifeoverer are uncertain: But as the Infante Don Denrique gave rU it, on the 21ft of March, 1450, tbjacome Je Bruges 3 and it hkewîfe appearing to have been found out after that of S. Miguel] its Difcovery undoubtedly hap­ pened between the Years 1444 and 1450. Its Name I have already mentioned to proceed from being the third difeovered 3 and from this, as from its Capital, the other I Hands took the Denomination of Ferreiras. It is divided1 into two C-apitanias 3 which are the City o l Angra, and the Town da-Fraya: .The firft commences in a large Bay, half a League from S. Sebafiiaon3 andcninniiig itiland’ to the South, Weft, and Weft-north-welt, terminates in the Place called Folhadaes : The Captuuiihip of Villa daPraya begins at the V il­ lage o f S. Roque, or dos Alt are 5, to the Weft-north-weft, and ends at Rìbeira Seca, in the .¡inland Village of S-. jorg.e, at half a League’s Diftance from Santa Bar­ bara-, which two la ft Places belong to the other Capitani a. . . . , The principal Settlements on this Iile, are, the City a? Angra, and the Towns -da Fraya and S. Sebafiaon-, .to which are joined a great Number of Villages, well peopled*, and very rich. In the Captainihip of Migra is. the Tow n o f S. Sebaf- ■ timn, , and the Villages of Ramitiho,- Santo Antonio, Ribeirinha, S. Matbeus, Si Aarihoio fruii, .Santa Barbara,. and S. Jorge: In that o ïD r ay a, beiides the Tow n ¡of this Name, are feen the Villages o f S. .Roque, or dos:A lt ares y S. Pedro, teatro \Ribeiras, Aguaal-va Villa-Nova, and fome others^ .. . . ! I have, already jnearioned that* the. Frit Donne e of, all this Ifland was Jaçome de .Bruges, by Crant of the Infante Don Pienti que,.Governor of the Order of Cbrijl,. ’ and Duke (JiVifeu, at the Time above recited ; but afterwards becoming vacant, ■ the Infanta Donna Fr//es, 'then W ido w o f the ■ Infante Don-Fernando,. ; who fuc- • ceeded; hi.s:Unçle in the Government o f theMaftérihip, and Tutorels to her Son ' ,■ Doli Diego,-, Dukc pf: V if eu, dififted the faidj Ifland ipto, th e Capfaiiiihips; o f An- ’ gra ; and. the Villa ’da Prayà, 'by an Order, dated in Ever a, ‘ òn the 2d o f April,. C-ig .y ’ 'ty y . ' - , 1 '■ . : : i ; The :fifft Captain Donnée o f Angra, in virtu e o f this Repartition,, was Joaim i / F ax■ da Cofta Corte Real-, and the, Royalty continued in his Succeflbrs, until : Vomii. ' * 2 Z Donna , D 1 S S I*: R T A T I O N S ■ ; on V D on n aMargartâd de Çdrte Real, Daughter to the fourth Çàptalft, Vappiç. Junes Corte Real, married with Don Chrijîovaôn de Moura, afterwards the firft Marquis! o f Ca/hilo-Rodrigo, and Viceroy of Portugal y he likewife joined-to this PofTeffiorri the Captainihip o f Villa daPrada> as will be prefently related 'fo' :i ;l ' T \\tCapitanía o ï Prada, according to tlie afarefoid Divifioti, had for. itsfirft, Grantee, Jívaro Martins Bomem, with whofe Defcendants- it remained for many Years j but in Procefs of Time becoming vacant, 'King Philip IL gave it to Don Cbrtjlcvaon de Maura aforementioned. ' ■ . 1 ‘ '

T h e City.of Angra is feated.on the fouthem Coaft of the liland, at two hun­ dred and forty £ve Leagues from Pifian, according to the molt common Com­ putation, though in tills fqme Geographers difierq Its-Harbour lies', inclqftd by- two Capes which run out into the Sea,,the one to the Bait, and the other to tifo Weft, with the Diftance.of about a Mile between them, and the fame Space from the City : On the eaftem Point itands the Caftle of ; S . Sebajll non 5 and on thfweft tem (which runs much the fartheft into tin; Ocean), rifes a high, black, rugged- Mountain, called the Mountain ofBrafd, on: which-is erected the famous Caftle of S^Jodcn Bâtitifla j and upon a Point of it is- the Bulwark.of Sfinto Antonio^ on a Level with the Water: .Its Pon is clean, with good Anchorage, capable of ad-, mitting large Fleets } and well Jheltered 'from, all W inds, but the Sbiith-eáft^ which blows direiHy in, and, raifmg a gi'eat Sea, obliges foe Veflels to weigh Anchor when theft Winds reign! The Place is well ftuted, hath fine long ftrait Streets, well-paved, clean, and ornamented with feveral Fountains : The four Wards of Corpa Santo., S , Bento, Santa Luzia, and S. Pedro, if not equally populous, have at le a ft a JMumber of Streets, and in them fome principal Edifices. Angra enjoyed only the Privileges of a Tow n, till King John III. gave it foofe of a City, on foe 23d o í Augujl, 1533 5 and, in the following Year, procured it the Dignity of an epifcopal Chair, by Bull from Pope Paul III, expedited on the 3d o f November, 1534. ' 1 ■ It contains above .3000 Families, diftributed in fixParifhes; which are, the See o f * Salvadori with three Curates j that o f the Cajlello, with a Capellaon mor; the Collegiate of the Conceiçaon, with a Vicar and two Curates p S . Bento, Santa. Luzia, and S. Pedro, each having a ViCar and Curate. ' Its Cathedral was built hy King John III. in the Year '1534.5 in which ate five Dignitaries, twelve Canons, four Half-Prebendaries, and lèverai Capelemiai 5 the Dignities are a Dean, Archdeacon, Chanter, Schoohnafter, and a chief Trea* furer. Here are reckoned - twenty Bifhops, from the Time of its Erection to ' the Year 1733, exclUhve of the titular ones. Went there.fometimes by the Don Priors Of Phcmar, as the Churches were fubje£t to the military Order o i Cbn/C The firft BHhop o f Angra was Don AgoJHnbo Ribeiro, transferred, in the Year 1548, to the Cathedral of ‘Latnego : The fécond, Don Rodrigo Rinbeiro, who, omitting to go to ids Bifhopric, lent; Don Baltbafar in his room- (Biihop oïAnel), for to govern it, and afterwards had foait o f Porto; The third,-1 Don Fr. Jorge de Santiago, who celebrated a Synod m-Angrù ÿ and, by-the Conftitutions .then., eftabliihed, foe Bifliopric hath Cver fince been governed : • T h e .fourth, Don Ma- noel de A Imada, who renounced the Bifliopric for the Chaplainfhip to Queen Ca­ therine : The -fifth, Don Nuho'AIvares Pereira, V^hofoièd. in.'t-h'e Year 45.70- : The. fixth, Don Gafpdr de Faria, Doctor of the Canon Law: The feventh, Donifo- dro de GaJHlbo, who afterwards fucceeded■ to the Chair of Leiria: The ■ eighth,;;' Don Mar.od de Góuvea, Brother to the famous -jefuit, Matter Ignacio : The ninth, ! Don Jeronymo Feixeira Cabral, who was afterwards tranllated to the Bifhopric Of Miranda : The - tenth, Don Jgofiin}x)_ Ribeiro-,': who, -from the Biihopric of 1 Ceuta, was transferred to this : The eleventh, Don Pedro da Co/la, -who died f SPAIN and ■' P O RT U GAL. t;.; . l A - i Miguel, Sepfember, T 6 24: The twelfth, Dow.JoaonPimenta as Avr-úu, who alio üeceaíed in the. famePlace,.and in the fame,Month as the laid* fevcn Years after;, The thirteenth, Don Fr, Antonio deRcfurreicaon, aZ )omin¿can Friar, who died alfq m S . Miguel, April, 1636: The fourteenth, Don Pedro de Sou fa, of the Houfe of the Earls of Cajlcllomelhor, who died before Confecration: T h e fifteenth, Don Fr.LourenyodeCaJlro, o f the Dominican Order, who afterwards paiTed to the M itre o í Miranda : The fixteenth, Don Fr. Joaon dos Prazeres, ^.Xabregan F riar: ‘The feventeenth, Don Fr. Clemente Vieira, an Augujlin Friar, Dodlor and Reader in Coimbra, who deceafed i n S. Miguel,, September, 1Ó92 : The eighteenth; Don Aitonio Vieira Lettaon, who, after twenty Years Refidence, died in the Ifland o f S. Jorge, in May, 1714: The nineteenth, Don Joaon de Brito de Vafconcellos, who put the Government of 'thé-BÍíhop.ric into The Darids of the Dean, Proviibr, . and Vicar-general of Angra, and died in Lamego, Decemberf 17181 The twentieth, ' D o n Manuel[Alvares da Cojla, promoted to this Dignity in 7720, on quitting the M itré o f Pdrnambuco, anti died in the Year 173 3. The epifcopal Jurifdicdon of Angra extends to all the nine Azores liles ; tliough formerly they were Suffragans To the Archbifhop of Lijbon, as .they' are now to the Patriarch of Wejl-Ltjbon-, conformable to the goldén Bullj obtained o f Pope Clement Xlj on.tlie 7tlx of November, -171Ó, already mentioned in this 'W o rk. ' * Its civil Government con lifts of two ordinary Judges, three Vere adores, a Pro- curados', Ffcrivaon da Camera, and other Minhfters :■ Jufticiary. Affairs arc ma­ naged by the aforefald two Judges, a Corregidor with a Scaif, and Poifeffion taken in the Court of Porto, whofe ju’rifdiétion extends tó tire nine lilands; and when he occafionally goes to S. Miguel, the Power bf the Domeds Ouvidor ceafes. There are likewife in this City two Prove dores, one of the. royal Revenue, and the other of the Marine; the firit hath under’his Care all the Revenue apper­ taining to the King in all the nine Ancores, and to him the Judges and all the Cuftomhoufe Officers are fubordinate; the other Prcvedor is to provide whatfof ever ihall be deemed, necefiary for the Fleets and Ships o f the Crown, India, and Convoys, requiring the Prove dor. of the Revenue’s Concurrence in the Expence, Stores and.Neceilaries, for the faid.Vefiels. The City of Angra hath alfo the Privilege, of nominating a Procurador for the Cortes, who muft always be a Native of this Place; an,d hath his S,eat on the firit Bench, by .Grant of King John IV, of which the laid Procurador took Poilelfion in the Cortes o f 1642. - Among the principal Edifices of the Place, are reckoned thgHoufe of Mercy, an Ilofpital, and eight Convents; four of Friars, and the. fame' Number o f Nuns; v iz,That, of Francijcan Friars, a College of Jefuits, .built„at the Expehce of the royal Revenue, by Order of King Sebajlian, 'in the Year 1569; the Her­ mits o f St. Auguftin, whole Foundation was ip tlie Year 1584; Santo Antonio de Recoletos, of the Order of X Francifco; S. Goncalo^ .with Nuns of the Rule of Santa Clara, ‘ founded by Braz Pires-do [Canto,- and iubjebt to the Biihops; Nojfq. Senhora d^Rfjeranya, Nuns.alfo of Santa_Clara,J>XLt fubj.e6t,to th eP rovincialbf . the Ifiands; - Nups of the Conception;': and S, Sebajliapn, with Qqpucbin N u n s.J , ■ ; .This C t y (befidps other Fortifications) is defeiitjejj by the ’famous CTftle.ofiS. Joaon Bauii/la, fo muchincreafcd and perfected by Philip I.F M to Jóle'its v’ ■' Mp'9' ancient Name of Santo Antonio, for that of S M JJU p ey ^ f ¿gain to ehangedhis ^ ^ Deyi^inati oTvfor that of Stc John, ;n Memory,of King Jcfn 1V’s; Reclamation; It hath: mbiinted an hundred'■ and fixty Pieces“ o f Cánñoq, m oftljf Biiáfs,' lome o f forty,_eight Poundsor B.p.rq; apd tfie biggpll; polled. t^é P\ecc; ^ ■ tts'Carrjion pommpiily, riG; :-d;-y7J tp. y- , J

The j8o '0 I S S E R T A T . /A

The Town' of St. Sebajtìan. is feated in a rocky, mountainous Part,, at about : h alf a League from the Sea.; cquidiftant from Angta and Pray a, and; compre­ hended in -the Capifanta of the former. There were once reckoned in it 500 Fa­ milies; but how they do not exceed half that Hu ni Ber. I t is defended' by fix Forts* tolerably well furniflled with Artillery, ahdls counted the ioldeft Town 1 of the Bland, .In its Diilriét are comprehended the Villages of Arrabalde, Ro- . fflinho, and Sapto Ant mio, or Porto fudeo, . V ; ■ In this Tow n the Senate o f1 all the Ifland ufually meet, by exprefs1.Order of the King, when any Affairs are to be treatcd;of regarding the" public Emùlu- - ment. . ' - ' ' '' ., ■ ■

Mafiosi Pi- The Town' of Fraya Hands four Leagues, N'oith-eaft and by Lull, .from thè jfieutcl, niï Roteilo das Port o f Angra, in a plain. Country, on a gfeat fandy Pay, clean arid; flickered'’ Jlhas dos from .the Winds, lying Faft-north-eaft and South-weft. It is inçlofet} with good Açores, Walls, in which are four Bulwarks, and four Gates,. sj/js. that of do Porto, Rodo, Nojfa Senbora dos Remedtos, and das Chagas. y V ■ . - ' This Settlement conflits of 500 Families, without reelfoning, near-200 extras \ mural: The Pariih Church .of Santa Cruz hath its Vicar, two Curates, and-eight Bemjìcìaàos. In its Diftrittare three Convents ; one oi'prancifcan. Friars, Ob~ k fermantes -, one of Nuns of the fame Order, dedicated to Noj/d Senhora da L uz ; ' and a third alfo Fran afe an. Nuns, fubj e£t tò thè Bifliop: Befides which,. there is a fourth Convent of Friars, Hermits of St.AuguJHn, at a' Httlè Giilance, with»: out the Walls, founded hi the Year 1650. Here is likewife a Houfe of Mercy, fufficiently.well endowed; two Hòipitals; . and a Cuftomhoufe, fubject to the Provedorof the royal Revenue zXAagra..

Ma»oti Pi- T h e Ifland o f St. George runs Eaft-fouth-eaft and Weft-north-weft,, at about tsirodL uius eight Leagues Diftance from die Ifland Ber cetra ; being eleven Leagues long, and dosA^rti. one and a half broad, except ’at the two Points where it is plainly narrower. fis nonhern CoaR is an elevated Rock, 'and the'whole Ifle compofed of high and plain Ground; at each of whofe Capes lies a little Ifland, near thé great 1 one, that tc the e-ait ward is called the Ifle of Vp/e, and that to the weft ward is pver-agairifl the Point of Rafales : In its Touthem Front, facing the ifle of Pìcò, is a Port for finali' Ships; belonging to the Town of Velas, flickered from all Winds, with three or four Fathom Water. 1 . t ' - . . - The Author of the Infilar" Hijlcry fuppofes it to have been, difeoverèd by the Pi orme e of Angra, foaonVaz da Cojla Corte-Real, On tli e, 2 3 d1 of Apri 1, 1440, which, being St, George* s Day, gave Name'to the Ifland: .'But it feems that thefaid Dif- covery was fome Years after; 'for this Ifland being annexed to the Captainfhip of Angra, or at leaf! fubjeóted1 to its Grantee, 'the-Infanta Ddnna Prîtes would have mentioned it in the Grant which ihe made to the aforefaid Captain of ¿Pi­ gra, in April, 1464, as hath: been mentioned; though it is very time, that to this. may be replied, that the' Grant’s being different,; the Letters patent might lie fo likewife. ' 1 'V ' - v" : In the Ifland are, three .Towns,' Velas ‘(which is the chief), Tope, and Calheta. The. Town of Velas conflits of 2yo Faindiës, ..whicb: hayë 'for tbeir'Pâriill thè Mother Church of St. George. ; It is a Sea;Port (as hath been noted), and has a, Convent of Prancifcan Friars, V ;r"y f ':--'fy-ylVp-vf . Pop, the moli ancient Settlement of the Ifland, is inclofed by a high, craggy R ock,, as wéll towards the Sea as Land. It contains 90 Families, in the Panili 1 of Nojfa Senhora do Rofario. ■ ' y ■' v ■ ■ •.J ■' ■1L ■ ÿ!l -■ -y — ■■ ' “ 'di' ■1 * - i !■' ■ V ■; ; fG r1 1 *■. ; Calheta ftands Between the other fwo ToWpsj pn Rie farnèÇoaftj ConflflÜh o f 1 tòTam iH esy .m t lie f P à n Ì h ^ f '^ ^ G;G.;:.>G s;P’A ï-n a :nd.vp o r t u g a l . . \

It is the South Side o f the Iile which is well peopled : For, beiides the Afore- -mentioned Towns, it hath, the four Villages of Ribcira Seca, Santiago, Manadas, and Nôffd Senhora do Rofario ; whereas to the North, the Land is fo nigged and Uneultivatable as to difeourageany Settlements, fo that there is only the Village ’ o f Santo Antonio, in all' that Fart, ' The Illand Grafofa lies North-well and by Weft from Pefceira, in the Lati­ tude o f.g çf Degrçes and a Quarter : It runs Eafl1 and W eil, being three Leagues long, and two wide in its greateft Extent; but the North-weft Part is longer . and plainer than the other Extreme. : Its Port looks towards'the North-weft, being incapable of receiving large Ships; wherefore,, wheh any go there, they. . muft: anclfo ru n Weltered ¡before it./.The Year o f its Difcdyeiy is uncertain, but it feems tohavéifoon followed that" of St. George ; Its fir ft Colony was fettled by .. Vàfco G il Sodrey and :a little after Duarte Barreto alfo went over, there, and1 ¡peo­ pled the South,-where the Town- o f Brada now is, carrying with him a; Grant 'from the Donnée, of that. Moiety of the Illand;, the other Half was given to uFedro Correa da Cun'm, in whom the two1 Capi tandis were ibme Tim e after united. . r . ■ . i ■: ' . . *■ 1 The Wand: hath in k two1 Towns', Santa; (Hruz1 and Praya:r of which the firft ■ ii.th e greateil Ahd chief; .whofe Bay makes-.the P oft o f GalbeM, defended, by a ■ Caftkr,:weft ftimifhed with Artillery;. It contains near 6o,q'Families, who. have, .the Church o f Santa ' CrU-z fbr their Parochial.- Here is alfo a Hoüfe of Mercy, -, and a Convent of FrancifcanFriavs. T he T own. of Pray a is feated in a Bay of white Sand, on which feveral o f the Houfes Hand: It conflits of, 300 Families, whole Parilh Church is dedicated to S. Mathew, and the Wand owes its Name (as is reported) to its great Fertility, Graciofa, in Portuguefe, ftgnifying pleafant or delightful

The . Illand of Payai. , An eighteen League Voyage is reckoned from Pefceira Iile to this, failing Weft-fouth-weft to the eaftern Cape .of St. George, and palling from thence between that Illand and Pico : It ftretches out from North to South, according to -the Roteiro do Cofmografo tnor, Manoel Pimentel ; though the Author o f th t Hiftoria Infulana makes it to run Eaft and Weft: It is nine Leagues Jong, according to the Roterio ju ft cited,, and three wide in the narrowed: Pai*f. It is called Payai from being covered with Beech. Trees, at the Tim e that its Difco- verers. arrived there. ' Its principal Port lies to the Eaft, at the Town of Plorta-, and-hath about a Mile, between its. twO'Capes, and almoft as'much in Depth; a Ship may anchor in the Middle of the Bay, or in Front of the Gaftle, but not caring to arrive fo near, the may fafely ride fronting.the Place in dandy Ground, . with forty or, fifty Fathom. Water, it being Weltered,from all Winds, but the Eaft and North-eaft, which blow dir eft ly in; Near to this Port, and to the fouthward o f it, is another called Portopin, feparated, fro m 'tirât I have'been treating, of,, by a Neck of Land, arr hundred and forty Braces long. ■ It does not appear, with any Certainty, who the firft Difco-verers o f this Illand: were; but they are; fuppofed to have been the fame Navigators; who deferied, the Per ce ira, or St. George, and Graçiofdy ..and .being Fart peopled,;, the K ing appointed . fo r their firft. Captain, fo x de Utra, whom he mârned to a Fady.of tfie Palace, named Prîtes de Macedo: In this Family it remained many Years, .and although’ the Defcendanta.were in Procef? o f Time' difpoiTeffed, and others preferred, efpe- ci^yPÙQ}%FranùifroMifcürenhdi, Earl ôlPhrta-^^jCronymo de ffray fëcond-Son to ' the third Donnes, became again Mailer of the Royalty in the Year 1582, having •' obtained flis Prétendons by a Review" of the Gaule: The prefent Captain of Payai -■ ïmà- Graedcja, is Rodrigo. Sanches Parinha ; the firft by Grant frcuivKvng Pedro I I ; . - .■ and-the* latter by Inheritance from his Father, Pedro Sanches Parinha, Secretary , 1 of Grants and DilpatChes. ; ". ■- . '"i1- : ; ' '■ V v! - . > V o l . IL - ' ' ' 'r -r ■ * 3 A ■ ■ The Sa D I S S E K T A T I O N S o fi The chief Settlement in Fayal is the Tow n o f Hería, which I fliall prcferitl'y deferibe: Bat previous thereto, I {hall mention the Places .circumjacent f.and; firft, the Patifh and Village of Nojfa Senborq da Conteigaon, which ftánds at the .Entrance of the Town, And-ferns it as a-Suburb, containing 225.Families; and .immediate thereto is another Pariili, dedicated to Nojja Senborq'. das Angujliifg} ith, 164.: On the. Cóaíl to. the South, are the Parifhes o f NffaSenbora da:Ajuda and . Noffa Seniora da Grqgd> the Village o f .which laid .bci ng .‘.called Fray a ; do Ahuoxa "rife: On tiie Coaft. northward* aréfeen the Pm iihesof5 wlLw/wo- in. the Vil-' lage o f Ribeirifiha, ^of Santa Barbara in the. Village dos Cedros, Nojfa. Seniora da L u z in Ribeira dps Flamengos-, Santa Catharine'^ called CaJMlobranco.-, \JNhflh\Seri-~ ' bora daEfperimga ixi Gapello; and FrindadegX the Place called Fruya do Lorie. „. ;The Town'of Hortd-Hands on the eailern Coaft, with a Bay and Port already ■ mentioned.: It is delended'by feveraLEorts.and.Platforms, properly;.-placed,' .where Nature hath left it;open, but. its principal safeguard is the C a fileo f Santa Crp% in the Tow n.. It;contains upwards.of 500 Fairiilies, cxcliftive of. the In­ habitants in the two Parifhes at its Entrance.1 The Mother .Church o í.Salvador^ hath a Vicar and two Curates,/ Here is likewiie a Houfe of Mercy, ari Hofpital, three Convents* and two Nunneries, vt£. oxié o í Francifcan loriars db Ob fern ane­ cia, one of Carmelite calcados, a College o íje fu iis; the Monafteryof St.John the Baplift, occupied by Nuns of the Order of Santa Clara-7 and another; named da Gloria, of which two Nuns of the Concdgaon At Angra were Founders... . 1". - This Town was railed to the Title of ati Earldom; in Favour of Hon Fran* eifeo Mafcareabas (as hinted) , but was. afterwards changed for that of Santa fru z.

T h e 111 and o f Pico is in Length fixteen Leagues, and above five wide; it runs for the greateft Pait from Eaft-fouth-eaft to Weft-fouth-weft, and is eafijy known to Sailors by its extreme high Mountain, feen many Leagues ■ at Sea, and from which it takes its Name: It is commonly Laid; to be three Leagues'high; ■ but this, I believe, will be difálíowed by the Learned,; as .ari Elevation by far ex-, ceeding any in the World. The lile of St. George. lies to the North o f it, and the Channel which runs between them is from two toFourLeagues wide;-Baydl ii to the Weft, at about a League and, a half Diftance; and1 its chief Port,- facing tlie Southi is at a Tówn called Filia' das Lagens; having another íroútmg'Horta, named the Port of Magdalena -, though both-of them are only capable o f receiv-i ing fmall Vclibls, , - ■ ■ -L ■" . Neither the Time of its .DifcoVery, not the Difcoverers, 'do:precifelÿ appear.; hut it is reafonable to liippofe, that the Navigatots of thé neighbouring liles were, the latter, and that no largé Space of Time'intervened between the PoiTef-' fion of them all, The Commerce of this IÛArid is very, confiderable in Wines tb moil Places of the North; it is.likewiie fertile in Wood,-, efpecially Yews and Cedars. ■ , : ' ■ ; f '. Its principal Settlement is the Town das Lagens to the fouthward, with the Port beforementioned, containing upwards of 200 Families, who have the Mo­ ther Church o f the Santfi/naFrindade for their Parochial : The other Town.is'S-. Rjoqne, to the North,-confiding of 150 Families. . . \ t - Bçfidés thefe two Tow ns; this : Iftarid hativ.feveral rich andwell-peopled V il- ■■ lages, v izrihe Village arid Pariih. of Santa Barbara in the Port of Santa Cruz ; the ) TUlage arid Patifh of S. Matt beta-, tliat of Magdalena y }'JSfoJJaSënhora. da fïedadey -theFminehce'of Santo yhnaro, and tlie V illageof Ribeirinbâ] of Pratnbp:,: It coil- ; -tains only .one Convent; .-pofteifed by the Francifdan FtilrshlT Objefakcta,}. r 1 ’ if ' H ere is at- preient in this Ifle a- partie ular Qiguidôr, ; as : in' th at; of -, Fayal, for ’ Caufes in thefirft Inftaiice, from - whichan Appeal', lies to the Corregedor Oi F sr- oeira -y hut in whàt rëgards the1 Cuftp m s, that ofP fiV : gpef ; ùriited .with Fayal. \

f e r Ü v The 3 4 F; ; ; 183

'■ ..r The Iiland of Flores extends itfelf, North and'South, for the Space of ten , . Leagues; but is not above three wide, according to the Roteiro (or Journal) of . the chief CofmograpberManoeiPimcntd-, a Calculation widely, different from that of the Author of ÙA;I]t'/Îçria Infdana, whoxnakes.it little,more than five Leagues . long. ; It lies in' the Latitude o f 39 Degrees and 4.0 Minutes'\ having the Tim e --V, .'of.its Difcovery and fi rii Planters unknown* as.tile.fait: And.as, thefedatiìeCir- . : 1 cumftances- occur ip regard to, the fubfequent I Hand Corvo, I -fhall, in treating of'. it, excufe there.toimakè.Üiefe Repetitions, It.hath 'three)Harbours, all t with 1 '‘'twenty. Fathom-Water, t;/js. that fronting the Pilla das-Lagens, .to the South-eait; ■ 1 ; ‘ in the Port da Rib'cira da Cruz, to the Fail ; and ope. bet weéni. the.Her mitage and ; ; a Stream of Water, which runs from the South-welt Part of the Me to the Sea3 - but neither of them is ieciirc when the Wind blows crofs them. . . F -- ( 1 The principal .Settlement here is the Tovvm aï Santa Çruz, coinpoled of 200 . ■ " ; Families, having for their Parochial the Mother Church of, My?# Senhora do Con- '. ceiçacn 3 and here is alio a Convent, of Francijean. Friars. Itgiv.es the Title! of , v : Earl totheeideft Spn of the Marquis de Gw^ec,,inlleadof:that.ofEarls oÎHorta. The other Town of this Iiland is the fiI ta 1 das Lagefis, which ^contami s : above 300 ; Fires, whofe Paiiih Church is tlieMotlier‘one oiNoJfa Senhora doRojario, '■ Here j / are like wife th.e Villages o f Gedros, Pont a] S: Pedro, Lombi?, ■ and of the Pa]anas, ' great and finali. ' ' "

"The Bland o f Corvo lies to,; the North of the lai! mentioned, and feparated r - .from it by a Canal of above a League wide, being not above three in' Circuit -, its,whole Coaftds a continued.high Rock, only opening to make the two fmall ; Ports o f Pefqueiro Alto and that of da Cafa, It contains Only /one Paiiih, and the Village o f Nojfa Senhora do Rofario, with up wards,.of 1 ro Families, which de-1 'pend on the Fown of Santa Crass, in the aforementioned Iiland of Flores.

fhe Cape de Verde Ijlands.; 1 * ,. Are iittiated ah hundred Leagues to thè we ft ward of the Cape, healing-the tame ; Name’3 -which is'!a Promontory on the Goaft.of Africa, in the Latitude of. 14 Degrees arid one-third,, and almoft four Degrees of .Longitude, between the two Mouths of the River Niger, though nearer to that Arm of it, forming the . River Senegal, than to the other, called Rio Grande. Some Geographers iuppofe tips Promontory to be thè fa m ou s Arfm'arius or H eferiusof the Ancients, wrhich they feated at a} greater pittance from the Iflands than. that now mentioned. It was difcoVered in the Y ear 1443, by D iniz Fernandes, Servant to Kin gAffbnfo V , by Command of that great Encourager of .limitar Expeditions, the Infante Don Henri que, Duke o f Vtfett, fo often mentioned-' who, in regard to thè Beauty 1 and Pleaiantnefs’, o f its Appearance, ~ called it Gabo Vet de -, .which' Name was a f­ terwards 'communicated to thè Illands : And thefe, feme Authors prétend, ère the Gorgades, Gorgonias, or FPfpeiddes, mentioned b jP lin y , Pomponius Mela, and Ptolemy. ■ ■■ - . The Iflands were difepyered in the Year 1460, by Æitonio de I f eli, Genoeje> whom the Infante Don Henrique lent on that Expedition ; „and which the faid ... ' .. . . Infante gave to diffonfo V , his. Nephew3 'arid he to his, Bro they, the Infante D.on. . Fernando, on the 19th Of September, T462: Some Time after-King John IL made a Grant of them to .Seignior Don Duke Of afterwards King ‘ ''■ ..' g o fRortugql, '■ F, V : ! ;- y a; -F, ■ g F ■ : ;.F '■ F ,L . , - F ;■ * Their Number is varioully reckoned, being by dome counted ten, and by V f , others I eleven ■ \ which-DHlerence arifes. fropnealHng, a: neighbouring ^ 7^ ; an . F .i Iilandp The Names they commonly go by/ are, Santiago, Mayo, Boa-Fiji a*.., ■' /. .Sal, Fogo, Brava, S. Nicolao, Santa Lucìa, S. Vicente, and’ Santo Antaon 3 the ! F .. v ■ ; ' - : ' ■ . ■ - ' ''Bland ' DIS S eL t ; Ifland o ï Fogo is likcwife called S. Filippo from a' Town . in it of thaï Dene- /. • mination. - -,r.j ; l-1-3!\.■

T h e Ifland o f Santiago is the.Chief,of tKe'&ÿtë de ìferde Iflarids, riinhmgNfoithC ■ weft and South-eaft, eighteenXeagues in Length ; and eight ; w ide fi its ' rioit h-w eft;: ■ Cape lies" in the Latitude -of 15 Degrees' -and 3 yM m utes,, and Longitude 3 53 Dep: grées.'-and 54 Minutes. It was difcovered on the ill of d ^ j, i 4 0 o/:being the'. . Day on which the Church, celebrates the F eifi v al ,òf!S t. Jam es Minor i and; for ; this; D ’ . Rcaion it was called after his Name.: Its Capital is-the City; of Santiago -of Ri-- • ' : . ¿eira grande (of which I filiali treat prefently) ; and at three’LeagueSjDiftance is another good Settlement, in the Town o f Fraya. In the Bland are two principal Ports j that of the City, for large Ships, with i.'rift; an anchoring Place from twelve to fifteen' Fathom; Water, wirhout fomc final! ft lilands j but the Bottom is ■ rocky, ; and cuts the Cables 3 though finali Veil'ds -, ! -;. ufiually ride here, liotwithftanditig the Kilkr Tlj:-v '' ■ "ftft:ft ^ rp;/ ;ft ■' ' ' ; The other and beft Harbour in all the Ifland, is. that of/Vtfjpj, fornjed in a ■ Bay o f near a League wide, and running near half a one witliin Land - "having/: ft from eight to ten Fathom Water, and affandy Bottofty, 'wiüldùthriy .Dan'gèr'j-. èìv;. . cept of a Bank that runs out ■ from its weftem Point,which is. guarded again ft in 1 palling to the City : Befides thefe, there arc other, two Havens, viz., that of Ri- beiraùn Correa ¡and Cdni/fos, ferying only for; JBarksj the firft to the Eaft, and the other to the North-weft of the City. - , : "ft ;; .ft' ■■ - ft

The City of Ribdra grande, qt of Santiagoi Formerly it Wa^; a Tow hi called; Ribeira grande, arid fiûwit- is diftinguiflied by the Name o f the C ity o f 'Santiago "by Grant from K ing John III ; in whofe Reign it was;raifed t o a ’Biihop’s See, by Pope Clement VII, in the Year11532, and affigned as.Suffragan do theArçhbifhop, o f Funchal -, in 1550, Pope Julian III. fubjccled it to - the Metropolitan: o f Lijbon, ; until the Repartition made by the golden Bull in the Year 1716, it remained ap- pertaining to the Archb.iihop of Eajl-Lijbon. , It is compofed of 500 Fires ; 'and its Cathedral, of five,Dignitaries and. twelve ' ’ Canbnfhips : The Dignities, are,- a. Dean,. Chanter, Archdeacon, chief Trea;t", hirer, and School mailer'.. Its firft Biffi op was Don Braz Neto, elected, in the . Year 1 ¿33,-who was fucceçded by many others, to Don. Fr. jofeph de SantaMa- ‘: rtade yefus, a Friarof dSitRefortnaxdr.Varatojo, coniecrated on: the 8 th o ï July, 1721, who was many; Years after governing th at Church.. . ■ ■ dkepwu^ft' This City fiifferedtwo great. Calami tous Events ;'-;The one, from its being; Hifthof v Plun^er!^ an^1 a great Part burnt in the1 Year 1583, by Manoel de Sjrrddal Ca-\ iiv, 6 . cap.‘3(,. melo, who followed the Party of Seignior pori Antonio, in the Expedition com­ manded by ^darnel da,Sylva, Earl o f Fonres-Vedras, , to whom the/ifaid Prince in- ft ; trufted the Gov eminent of Terceira i but ip a little Titnri both .the E arf and Mad ,, nûd de Serradas were made Prifoners by the Marquis of- Santa Cruz, and exe­ cuted in ‘the Name of Philip IL -'..ft ...... y .ft The other Misfortune happened in the Year 1712, when .Moni. C a pri, Com­ mander of 3. French Squadron, lacked the City ; arid, after ptriting;foe.Governor to Flight, drove him out of the Ifland. .■ i ft ; ftftft:ftft;ftD (rh''=;

Thè. -Ifland. o f May liés in the! Latitude of, i p Dégrées ;ahd: rgd: Minrites^and- '.h v 3 5 5 Degrees and 2 0 -R7finutes.Lhng^t’uhe,;;t 0 ;‘t h ^ it; ,'h .. ïs-dhlànt five or fix Leagues ;, tThe, ^afbòùr isi tp fit;;SouÜi-éalL' wliferetStrâp-;^ ■ ; . : ■ gers go to make Salt, and the IV/^e/r,to load

T h e Ifland of Bona-Vijla, The Latitude of this Ifland is exaclly 16 Degrees, h ' ■ . ' 3 5 5 Degrees and 35 Minutes Longitude, lying, ciglite'eri Leagues to tire-ihh':'r ■ North-eaft of Santiago. It is eight long, arid four broàcl, running N orth-w eft, V.[\ i y : 1 ? 1 ■ .: * ■ 1 ; ; V

‘J'j - I L

7': S;P.;á Í:K ^';a:í s í -r e3-Et|T:xj' : 'M >; ’and south-enft,. confiftir.g of high Lands and very, fltarp Mountains. It hath . two Ports, o f which that.lying to the South-calf is called Curralinbd, ¡on a fandy 1b ¡Shore; w ith fifteen to hateen Fathom W ater; the. other is to1 the South; befóte which rifes a finall Ifland, of about a Mile in Length, inclining foutluvard, and - making a Harbour, fix or feven Fathom deep, -with- a good Bottom, which,,hot being the Cafe between the great and little Ifland (where run's: a, Ridge of Rocks); .V Anchorage there is ihiecure; about a Quarter Of :a League to tilerEaft, is año* :: tiler Ridge or Shelvfe, in Meáíuí'e about a Cabled Length.

■ . T h e Tile o f Salt: T h e Situation of'th is Ifland :isTin i6. Degrees and three -p , Quarters Latitude, with 355 Degrees andyoMinutesLongitude; it lies North- . ’C.-pqajft with the'Midfile 6 f Sap tï'ag L fro hY w h e'ncd'ît • is diftant twenty eight Leagues; ■ y ■■ ■ h little more or lfefs.- ;,:'Tqthe.$dLlth^\vdt I? i a imalT Port, hit a ' handy "Strand ï and - : !-to ' the EaiVlies a fmall Ifle near the Shore;' with 'à/S-helve. in ¡'a' Bay,-looking to- . : Wards: the-N orth. It is u n in habited, '- and breeds but few Cattle. ■ ■ ' ■ :

'Pfie Ifle o f Fogo takes its Kahie from a bfirning Mountain in it, though it is ; ; .Called; by (oírte S. Fi/ipper front a i.qwyi here of t’hgt .Appellation. ft is in 14 De- 'i- gifefs afid ^Mihutes.LaÜtufie, ^îd^yyQegrces.'æTLd^j Minutes Longitud?, ly^ ’ , in g y/qíLiouth-weíl vvith the foutfi Point of Santiago, from which the Di ftan ce eleven Le^guès. ■ ■ ' Its Port to thy W çjt is . g : ycry ind i fièrent one, rendel-ed fo - ’ hy thqfti-ong Current which ruiVTtH^re,.anil (phl Cround : I t is,forro und ed by ■' : ' high gpd,ipeq^n 4icphif_E,qchs;-though wií^ni.t_.CnÍQ)rs a pure Air; .and.is very fertile, and abounding with Provifions. r,‘ ■ . 1 :

The Ifland Brava, This Ifland lies in .the fame Latitude and Longitude with the preceding, from, which it is .diftant five Leagues1 weftward; it hath a Port ;. to the South-eafl-, capable o f admitting large Ships, :as hath from fourteen,td eighteen Fathom of Water.

The Ifland o f St. Nicholas, -Twenty four Teagues are reckoned from thenortk- 1 'weft Cape oi'Santiago, to the Louth Point o f this Ifle; wh ofee after h one fies L i the Latitude of 17 Degrees, and 3 53 Denrées-1 and 3 7 Minutes Longitude : This; jointly with the Iflands o f Santa Luzia, S- Pincent, and St, Antlmiy, run Eaflr- Louth-eaft and'Weft-north-Weft, diftant thirty five Leagues, all in.:Sight. of one another. It hath two Ports, one. to the South, called PortoAaPcrguiça-, and ..the other to the.Nortli-weft.of that, named Farrafal; which, laft is clean,with file and LeVeh Fathom W ater1; though .theinhabitants are fettled a League withirf the other of Pa-guiça. ' ‘ ■. / 1 /

. . Th e Ifland. o f Santa Luzia. The fouthern Pint of this Ifle lies in 16 Degrees rand 50 Minutes o f Latitude, and in. 3 52 Degrees, .and.50 Minutes.Longitbde, ly- ■ ing Nqrth-weft.and)South-eyft with, the' north-weft Point 'of Santiago, -from '¡whence it is diftant.about thirty.Leggu.es.; . ItgPqrt fies tp the Laft-fouth-eaft, ■ on a very clean Shore; and the Ifland fpreads to tfie T’orth-eaft■ and by North, ' - , thirteen ■ Leagues. int Length; and to the South-ea^’ it hath two fmall Ifles, fe- ■ parated but a very little Space from it. ' / - . ■■■. ; . ■ . ;

; ;■ ! ' The Ifland of Saint Vincent is nine Leagues long, running alfo North-weft: : ;■ and SoutIi-e:ail with t he abovemen non ed Cape, o f Santiago, from which it lids ■ ../ . : forty four League's. It liath' tw;o Ports; ,one looking tbwaids: iflie ifland of ( :''.,■ Santo■ Aniaon, in the Latitude of 17 Degrees and 20 Minutes,''and 352 Degreed 1*. v:' J and-10 Minutes Longitude f a t is fo -very' extenfiV ef'a s' to - be, capable1 o f rteceivc;; ■ ■ ( ■; Ihg.atfleaff'‘twolhuiidred' large -Ships; with a ele&n. jBottbra;;; andftielfefed - ■ ■ ■':Lj■ ^ all W inds:, The other Harbour is; to1 the foutliward, where t\i€ Portngucfe 'gel. to . - : / T o l.TL L '! 3 - load ' ■ ' ■ iS<5 DISSERTATION’S o \* ■■ load Cour ama. It is uninhabited, but very abundant in Turtles and MounA tain Goats, ; ■ ■ ■■

. T h e Ifland. of St, Anthony, fpreads dfetf to theíÑorth-north^aft.5 - and from ita foüthcm Cape, to the' northern one of Santiago^ is reckoned fot’ty^ ei^ht: Leagues ;■ It is twelve long; ahd 'its Port,■ ■ ■ to the'North-eaft,;is exactly 18 Degrees Lati­ tude, and 351 Degrees and'5:5'ArihutesiLôri^ihide. ' y;

The lile ofLV. 'Thomas; - Tliis Ifland rifes in the Éthiopie Ocean, iñ á .Quinsy Sea, at the Diftance of thirty nine Leagues to, thé ,Weft^north-\veft-of the Cape of hopo Gonçakes, and forty ieven to the Weft of the Rwwt.Gabaon. T h e A n­ cients believed that.the eqUino£tigiLine,páfTed tlirough theM iddleof this file* but by Obfervatións lately made, it is uncovered tpfie to.the northward of it y fo that its foutliernmoft Side liés in 6. Minutes northern Latitude, and its nor A them Part in 40 Minutes ; • its longitude jis, in 31 ^ degrees 'and fomwMinutesp computing the firft Meridian from the Iflc o ï Ferro. ; ■ t „ _ ,

Jviôharch. Lti- The Name' it bears, was' that fhft impofed in M emoryr (as Doctor Fr. Fran- ■ fiu torn.. 5. tí*. 19. cnp.14. afeó Brandaon repo its)1 oiSt. Thomas .of Canterbury ( as the Roman Kalender ftiles him); to whom the great Chapel of the Convent o f Thomar (Head of the milL litary Order of Chrijl) 1$ dedicated: On whdíe jiififdiólioá, all the Difcoveries;, as well of the Iflands as the Continent;, wëre ( in the ipiritual) made de­ pendent. The Time of its Difcovery orDifcoyerér is’ uncertain, of which thé great Hiftorîan, Joaon Je Barros\ complains; but, front reafonableConjéftures, the firft is fuppofed to have been about’the Year 1471, and in the Reign o f'A fi finjo V. King of Portugal^ ■ y A .tit ;.ti 1 " Thefe Princes have made many Grants of the Captainftiip of tiré lije. The firft that we read o f by John JI, was to Joaon de Parea (his. Armpur-bearef) in Chronica dd Cintra, on the 24th of September, Ï485 : In the Year 1495, the faid King gave, Rev D- Joaon o lt pof Gar­ and made it à Right of Inheritance, to Ahdro de Caminhà, a Gentleman of Ills da de ïtcfai- dc, cap. yjS. Houihold; and! ordered all the young Children of the Jews, which bad,not re­ tired from his. Dominions. in the Time limited, to be carried to this 111 and, and brought up-in .the Chriftian Religion. King Manad afterwards !granted it to Fernaon de Mella, a Gentleman. :of his Houihold,- . for hint and his lawful. Heirs, exempting them from the mental Law; but his Ghàndfon, Ghrijlovaon de Mello, quitted the faid Capitanía,, tin; the King’s giving him a certain Right, .by Grant, in theMon til of January, 1558,., bein^f then in his M inority. The Settlement of St. Thomas was enriobled with the Charter tif à City, by:. King John III; in whofe Reign (in the Year 1 sgf),'Y opt Clement VIL erefted tlie Mother Church of Santa Maria 'da Graça into a' Cathedral : And his Succef- for, Pas/. Ill, at the Inftance of the faid Prince, made It Suffragan to the Arch— bifhops of Funchal ; but Pope Julius III; for forhe prevailing Reaions, fubjefted it to the Metropolitans of Lijbon im ijio; and, lince the Repartition of the gol­ den Bull, in the Year 1716, it appertains to the Archbilliop of Eaji-Llfbon, The Kingdoms of Congo and Angola were at firft annexed to the ,Bishopric o f St. Tho­ mas, but were afterwards fepafated frota it, as. I fhall fubiequéntly fijew in, its proper Place. 1 ./r'yf 'V. /' ' f :f ■■ ''-''f1,. ; ■ The inft Biiliop (excepting fomti who were only.titular) .of this tile; was Don ■ Fr. Joaon Baütijla, o í the/,1Order of Fregadores (or Preachers)!; who has been fuc- -■ ceeded by feveral others, to D ohE r t Joaon. Snhagumy o f thç Order o f .Hennîts Æ/^ .calçbs of Sf. Auguflin, f '.--'r. V..'1;1 ' - if V. ''fti - It is a large Place, containing, above one hundred Years ago, upwards of 700 Fnesj haying been taken by theDb/o&, in the Time of the Union between Per-. tugal and Cajiik. : »; VVy "w-v é Jy v.'l.. \\ l

. . . : "'■■■■■ .. "f-/';1'- " h'' ' 'The. S P A I N AND PORTUGAL. - : : 187

: The P rin ce s Ifl and lies In 1 Degree and 37 Minutes of North Latitude, and ; ¿8 Degrees and 50 Minutes Longitude, computing from the Middle-of the1 Illand3. its Diibince fromSt.Timas is twenty Leagues from the North-eaft: and by North, and thirty two from the River of S. Benio> Eaft and Weft: It is com­ monly reckoned feven Leagues long* and•its Port, to the,Eait-north-eaft, is 1 above a Mile iii Length,' with five or fii Fathom of Water at the'Entrance > and 1 within, hath a clean and good fand,y Bottom ., i - k ;.: ■, |,' „ ^ :

'‘i i 'r'_

i ■*4 ''itr ■ 1

1-^-1

;.s \

APPENDIX

'.1

b. ' 1 ! >■ j h" .v

1 88

..;-■ l ;v ;-:j.v '..-. :^ jj« .y r i : / i l M './ ;;fi v , Ai A -■'^yd :r..>'7-y-ir p w\r.uli i finf-fi: f :. i'.I.j ; V :u.' ' liv-v i'l 1 .V .,;■! 0 /¡;[

TVJ kedoms o f Alafoens, Aveiro, and Cadaval, , : ■.--y 'v ;- , ;-. V i.'T ■ ^ M arquis a te s of A ir antes, Aegrete,Angeja, Arronthes^ Gafcaes, 7' ; V iscounties o f Villa-Nova dd Gervettai Affeca, ;and Barbhcenad ; Baronies of A hito, in the Houfe of the Earls of Oriola, ax\ft:pf:Ilba grande,

DUKEDOMS.:

O f the D ukedom of Alafoens. . This Title was created in the Year 1718, by fobn V", in. the.Perfon of Don Pedro, Son to Don Miguel, legitimated Son of King Peter II, and married to Donna Luiza Cafmira deBoufa, Heirefs to the Marquis ofAfronch.es. This Lord was born on the 29th of January ,.iy 1%, and, by the faid Prince, made Duke of Alafoens at his Baptifm; who alfo fometime after granted ,to the.Duke’s Motlier the Honour of Duchefs, Which ihe enjoyed to her Death, that1 happened on the 16th o f March, 1729. [See this mentioned' in the, Marquifate oiAm-oucbesJ

O f the D ukedom of Aveiro: Lancaitios. - / ^ This great Houfe had for its Stock Don Jorge, legitimated S,on of King JvBftlL and Donna Anna de Mendoza, Daughter of Nuno.Furtado de Mendoza, head. Har­ binger to KingAfbnfo V .' The King his Father made him Duke of Coimbra, arid1 Mailer of the Orders of Santiago and Aviz-, adding to the Grant the Royalties of Montemor, Aveiro, Torres-Ncvas, and other Lands. Tins Houfe takes the De­ nomination of Lancajlro, in Memory of the QueenDonnA:F/////f,t: Wife to King John I, who was Daughter to JohnUUkt o f Lancafler in Pnghmd, and Grandfoii to King Rdnaard III. 7 : ■ , ■ , Don foam de Lancafro fucceeded his Father Don Jorge:(cbmmonly called, the' Duke-Mafer, from his being fo of the aforementioned Orders); whom King Ma­ nvel made Marquis of forres-Novas, and John III. created D uke.df ^w/ro. This.. / Hdb&triari Eat! fo His SonD on Jorge de Lancafro, thefiril ofthe'N anhy and le- cond Duke of Aveiro, whole Daughter, Donna Juliana de Lanca/lro, married with her Uncle, Don Alvaro, de Lancajlro, .third Duke df Aveiro, and from this Matri­ mony fprung Don Jorge de jmncajlro, fecond o f the Name; and the fifil: Duke 1 of Forres-Novas npt: arriving tp be Duke tif. Aveiro, . as he died in , the Life-tim e y ■' of the Dutcheis his Mother: He was followed by. his Son, Don Raymundo;de:Ldn-'x ; | cafiro, .fourth, D Uke o f Aim ro, who] .going; oyer to tiiey Court-of Bfain,:fdy fbey ■■ ■; ' cceded in the Family Kftates and Honours By his Uncle, Don Pedro de jfancajigo, : Inquilitor-general, who became the fifth Duke of Aveiro, ■■ :i r 1 ; ; ! 'y d ‘g : ■ SPAIN ano PORTUGAL. Finally;:- cm theDeceafc ó f the faìd D on Pedro, Donna M aria dè Guadalupe, Sifter ioDoktRaymundo, and married with Don Ma?ioel Ponce de Leapn,D nk& of A rtp ip being then at Madrid, was declared Heirefs to the PiouStoiAveiro, by a Decree of' the Tribunal at L ijb o n palled on the 20th of OSìobèr, 1679, and con- firmed on th rift of M atch, 168r, on Condition of. her Return to Portugal, and ■ refidiug in' that, Kingdom, with due Subjection to the Kings thereof* : - 1 ; /Diìlher D.eathftwhichhappened in February, 1715, fevétal Pretenders appeared ; for the Eft ate-and''Honours, as the-Whole hath been mia ted in the Defcription ■ of A^eif& i and poVtheDuhedomiof Forfe^Nzuas goes annexed tò 'that Of Aveiro, ■ in iFaybuh-of .'the.' Primogeniture of -that Honfe. King Manoel gave the Title o f M arquis \de' Ferres-Novas 'to theYldeft Son-of Don Jorge,. ktyà Philip II. èxalted the Marqhifate into a'Dukedom, • : ' l ■, . -‘ . v ; -Don "Gabriel Pon ce ' de^Lèaó'n Làntàftrò And Làrde'nas, .' fecohd 'Soft of' the a fore- Paid D ohhaMdri'a. dpGuàdàlupei is ot'lately was ihcTixth Ddfc&M'Aulirò, having ‘beén diftirigtdihed-'before in ;the Title h f Duke dc-Hanbo s-, from whence ; he, came to Portugal ifi the Year T732, 'and on the ad o f ihlhy, that Year, did Ho­ mage fo »King •John V . ■ — l_ ■ ■ ■ ■

: - • ;v O f the D uke.oom o f Cadaval : Mellos. .. 1 This Diikedom. whs éieftedffiy, King-yb&YlW, in the Year 164^ in-Favour of D on Nuno -Àivares P ereira de Mello, the fourth'Marquis òf Ferreit'a, and fifth Earl -of Lentugal, being a Branch of the royal Houfe of Braganpi, having for Root D o n Alvaro, third Sbn to D on Fernando, fir if of the Name, and fecond Duke of Rrdgbdfa. He wàs'OoùrifeHór o f State to Quetn -Luiza, AjfohfoVÌ, Pedro II, and John V -, of thè Gffiee o f Grants Ahd'DiipatcheS ■ ’Field-mdftdr- general of pfre-_ niadural^ik d hear- the rbyal Perfon > Càptain-géneral of the Hbrfe at Court; and in ftfte -faid Prdvinte - AmhafTador to Satiety -, Lord -High Stewaid ;to three Queens j ’ Prefidfent of thè UÌtram arine Council, of the T 0Bacco Commiffiòn, and lailly o f thè hlgh-CoUrt bp JulVicein the Palate*- He died on. the 29th of January, 1727, aged-'eighty nine Years, as he was born on the 4th of November, 163 8 the Du- chefsy his1 third Wife, Daughter of F uiz ■ dè Lbrefta, ■ Earl o f Arcourt- Armagnac, Féferftand Maifter o f ft he 'Horfe iii France, a Prince/óf the Houle of JLÓrenèJàe.- ' céafè'd \h December^ if^ d l TBefe Lords took’the-Surname of Mello, fromDonha Filippa de Mello, W ife to" the àf0 It nienti0hed D o n-AlPard', who was Daughter and Ilèiréfs to Don Rodrigo Ajfonfo de Mello, Piarl oi~0 livened. •"/ /. W'. ‘ '■ -Ih'flie Tife-fime' offthe firft Duke'of Cadaval, his Fob, .-Doli I M z Ambròfio de Mtft/4 'ftvasTec^ that Title, and died without Suècèifion on tile 13 th ' o f 'NbÙ'èMiM, ■ ' 17o ¿S': ;’His Brother; Dori Jayìììe' f . LfPelb, doeKiibw òr lately did ehjoy-the TitÌeft-bémg thè: third Dlike o f Cadhval'? ‘ both dn' &f September, iKSqft arid" mafrieduft the; f .6th o f' thè Laid1 Mbiithy11702, ;to ponna L u iza , ha- th ra lD 'àh^httr1bPÉ.trig3 Pcter. fly !àtìd'Vyidów o f Dhkp5L u iz , who died oh’fthe. 2 3d of December,; i 7 3 ‘f ftfit hftht 'f Sh cCeìh b n. The'fdiH Duke Don Jay me is Cbhh- fellof of State, Maftfer bf .the Horfe ty .V? aiid Prefidenbof the Mefa da Con-

W.- Wh" , ' M A R Qi;U f S A T:E S* h M P f - P vi AT AT v.^.. Y ft' : OY grdb. f t 'jh -,,,.11 t t ^ r ; a . f '. The. M a rqjtisate o f Abrantes : Sas. Ay. ->:;. ; -. . ; v-.'VyA5-’ ftreótéd[ by ;fyingJohn M i1 ini the Y èan 174 8,>inF aVour p f Don Rodrigo A?}ties ;de'Sa:Almeida e Menezes, third iMarquis oiFontes, and iixth Earl o f Petia- guiam -, Aicaide>m6r and Capitaoti mór o f the City. bf Pw/c?, Governor of the Arms ■ o f tlie faid City ; Grantee of die: Fortifications’.of S,.Joaon dfl Foz. do Porto, and ' Noffa Senhora das P feo isr in Le$a de AÌpttofmbqi f ' Ambaftador 'extraordinary to : Pope e le m e n ta l, and to King P h ilip ìV ; o f.^ ;« ; Gentleman pf the Bèdcham- •WohflL - """■ '' * 3 c • ber D IS SE R TA T IO N S 6n

ber to Join V, andPeador of the Revenue; He'died at Abrdntef, on the 30th of A prils 1733. . ^ ' ;' ■1 ' . ■ The Marquilate o f Pontes was infhtuted in the Teat 16^8,. by A jb n fo VI, in the Perfon of Franctfeo de Sa e Menezes, fourth Earl of P enaguiah, - Lord High Chamberlain to the laid Prince; his Son, Don Joaon Rodrigues de Sa e Menezes> fecond Marquis; o f Fontes, was fucceeded by his Brother,: Don Rodrigo Annes de Sa Almeida e Menezes, third Marquis rof Pontes, as his Brother died juft as he was going to be married, and was afterwards the firft Marqms of Abrantes* 1 1; The Earldom of PenagAaon had its Beginning in Joaon.Ro&rigues de Sa e Me­ nezes, eldeft Son of Sebajliaon de Sa 'e Menezes, hy Grant ffonnthe Cardinal King Tton H enrique, inftead of the Title of Earl ofMattofinhos, which his Uncle F ra n- eifeo de Sa e Menezes had, whofe Heir he Was : .His Son, Frtmcifco de Sa e Mene­ zes, fecond Earl of Penagmaon, followed, who was Father to Joabn{de Sa. e M e­ nezes, third Earl with that Title, one of the Prodaimprs of J o h n Y V , and his L ord: High Chamberlain; to whom fuc<;&^Acd-Franc(fco,de Sa-e M enezes, fourth Earl of Penaguiaon, and firft Marquis of F o n d as nbovementioned., : This Earldom runs with the Primogeniture of the Houfe; and D O YsJoachm Francifco de Sa e Menezes, Son to the firft Marquis of Abr.antes, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King John V, is of lately was the feventh Earl o f P en a ­ gm aon, and fourth Marquis of Pontes,, as alfio, hy the Death of his Father,; be­ came the fecond Marquis of Ahrantes.

Fbe M arquisate o f Alegrfte: Sylvas. - The Creation of this Title was by KingPf/ir ll, in Favour of Matioel Feller da S y h a ,fecond Earl of Villa-Mayor; Gentlepian, of the Bedchamber to the faid Prince and yobn :V; Regedor o f the Juftices, and Infpedtor of the Revenue; Am- baflador to the Court of the Elector Palatine, Conductor of Queen Maty-Sopfna- Ifabel of Neuburgb, Coimfeliqr of "State and the Difpatch. His Son and Succef- * for, Fernam Felles da Syha , , was the fecond Marquis of A k g r e te , and .third. Earl of Villa-Mayor; Gentleman of the Bedchamber to 'John V, Inlpe£tor of the Re­ venue, , AmbaiTador to Vienna, and Coqductpr of Queen M a ria n a , of A u jir ia , and Counfellor of State, who died in the Year 1734: His Son, M anod Feller dq Syha, Was in the, father’s Life-ftme tlrird Marqpis:of A legrete, fourth Earl of V illa-. M ayor, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber-to King John V / The Title of Earl of Villa-Mayor is. annexed to the eldeft Son o f the Family) and. he who firft enjoyed it rwaS'.FernaOn.Felles da Syha, fecond Son to L u iz da Syha, for the Services o f his Brother,, Antonio Felles da, Syha,, Captarq.-general;of BrajfVi he was fucceeded by his $on, Mamet Fella da Syha, the firft Marquis of Akgrcte, as aforefaid.. f it prpfent or very lately, the fifth E arl.of Villa-Mayor- is, or was Femqpn FellesJa- Syha, , ’S on to ..the .tjurd Marquis, Manoel Fella da Sylva, who was .marrieft to- Donna M aria de Daughter ftp Joaon Gomel F 1 ^yha, Earl o f Faroucq, who died ^ November,. 1727, leaving Succeflion. ' , (- .■■, . ■ ..

' The MARQtrisAfE'^'Angejaf' Noronhas/ ' “‘,,J The firft Marquis with this Title was Don Pedro Antonio de Noronha, a De-; feendant by the Mal6 Line frpttrthp Earl of G ijrn , DoiyAjfonfo and Donria Ifa b el,_ given him by fhang jo h n V. in the Year 1714, being then fecond Earl o f.V illa - V erde; he was General.of :tKe:Hotfe,1 Field-marihal General aud Governor of the Arms, of the Province oFAlentejo, Viceroy o f India ahd B r a jil, Cotinfellcif of State, fnfpector of the Revenue, and High Steward to the Princefs o f B ra fih By the Death of the afofefard Marquis, Don 'Pedro 'Antonio, on the 6th o fJu ly , - 1731, his Son; '©oh AntomoAe.Noronba^lSl^ichdXdt-G^m^i and'Governor of .■ the Arms of the Province of - M n b o ,b ec aril e fecond Marquis-of-Aftgejq, arid third Earl of Villa-Verde'-, who, having been appointed one 6f the Gouncil of W ar S PAIN A ND P O R T U GA L . in' i 73 5 f ■ died' the- fame Year;, and left a Succeflibn from hia Alliance With a •Daughter of the Earl of Taronca, The Seigniory of Vttki-Verde appertains to "theft Lords, from an -Alliance of one of their Anceftors, called Don Maninho de Noronha, with Donna Gidmar de Albuquerque., Daughter to Fernaon de Albuquerque, third Lord of V illa A A d e,

. The Marquisat£ o f Aronches:: Sonias-. This Maltpiiftte1 is of:.the Year 1674, and was Created by the' Prince-Regent, after the Reclufiott of Affonfo VI, in the Perfon of Henrique de Soufa Tavares, third Earl of M iranda. A t.prefent or lately Donna M anana de Soufa, his Grand­ daughter; did or does enjoy the Title of Marchioneis o f Artmches, Who was mar­ ried to Carlos Jofefih de'Ligni, Prince-of the facred Roman Empire, and Senefchal o i.S a n a u , fecond Marquis of Aronches -, which: Matrimony produced Donna -Lui&a Cafimifa dr Soufa, Heirefs to that Houfe, and Duchels of Alajbens, who died on the 16th o f M arch, 1729, as I have mentioned, in deferibing that Duke­ dom-. • --■■ ■ ■ ’ -- - ■ The Earldom of Miranda goes with , the Primogeniture of-the D oM toi Arori- ches;, and was' eredted by Ring Philip- Hi ¿4 the Year 1612, in .the Perfon of Hen- rique de Soufa, Governor of the Court of Juitice at Porto, Prefident df the Senate ■ at Lijbon, mid; o f the Council o f State, who fucceeded bis -Uncle Diogo Lopes de ■ Soufa-, and was followed by a Namefake of- the Uncle’s, fecond Earl of M iranda, Who was Father to Uenrtque de Soufa, third Earl of Miranda and the firil Mar­ quis o f Aronches, and 6f Lm z de Soufa, Archbiihop of Lijhon, created a Cardinal by Pope Innocent_ SIX. in 1697; he was Succeeded by his Son,, Diogo Lopes de Soufa, fourth Earl of Miranda, and Father to Donna Mariana de Soiifa, mentioned at the beginning o f this Article» - . ‘ f'1' ...

• The MAkquiSATE o f Cafcaes: Cailros. . 1 ‘ ' :. This1 Marquifate was inftituted by King John IV, in Favour of fc)oii Alvaro P ires de Cajiro, fixth Earl of Monfanto j - Frontetro mSr, Goudel mbr, and Alcaide nw roi Lijbon, Ambaflador extraordinary to the Court .of France iivthe Year i 643 > and o f the Council of S t a t e H e was fucceeded by his' Son, Don L u tz Aivares de Cajiro, feventh Earl of Monfantb, and was alfo Ambaifador extraordinary to hid moft Chliitian Majefty in-theYear.1695,- and Gounfellor o f State. In the Life*, time o f 'this Nobleman,- Don Mandel J-ofepb de Cajiro Nororlha A t aide ‘¿‘Soufa be­ came the third Marquis of Cafcaes,' and ai prefent1 is or -lately was' the: Chief o f this Houfe* eighth Earl o f Monfanto, Fronteiro mbr- of- the Kingdom f Couterro m tr and Goudel m o r o i h ifbon , and itsTCrritories, &c. Alcaide mbr of that City’s oriental and occidental Divifion, General de Batalha, Governor and Captain-ge- neral of the Kingdom oCAlgarVe,1 Governor. o f the'Toweri bf Belem, o f the Council of War, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber- to 'King'Johh V.- v.1 ■1 - - Theft Noblemen are- Ntironhps 'by1 Name,, Defcefidants -o f D o n ’Afbhjb, Earl o f G i f of 1, and Donna; Ifabely Children to King iJenrtque II, of' Cajlile,- and Fer­ nando- o f Portugal, by Dari- Fernando -de Noronha, - Earl oi-Villa-Real^, but they took the Appellation o i'C a fr o ,-‘from the Alli ance of D an fo a m de N or onha with DqnXitLfo'anna de Cq/lro,.Daughter and Heireis to Don Alvaro-de Cajiro, firft Earl oi: Monfanto, in the Reign of by-the Death of her Brother;;’Don Joaon , de Cajiro, fecond Earl p i Monfanto, witKoutSucceffidhri- ‘no■ - r re; .-The laid Earldom -of. Monfanto runs with the Primogeniture of this Houfe; A nd .lately Don Fernando.de Noronha enjoyed- the-Title5of th eh ih th E d rl 6 i Moh« fanio, although he was not the firil bom7 as -King John V. -granted him the Dig- -_ nity-in. the Year 1714, at the -fame time -giving himJhc-SeighioiyAfd^rodairv, and -the Alcaidaria mbr of Guimaraens, as his - Brother the Marquis Don Manocl de\Oajlro\\VL<\ then no Succelfion, thoughdie has-fiiicK The faid Don Fernando ■ ^ - unhappily . J) I ss E RT AT I O X S ON unhappilydied,of Polfoü, on the i£th 6i December, ^722; and^^refent P 0 f- fefibr of the Hoiiours and Eftate, is Don L uiz fifieph,Thomas-deCafiro, tenth Earl oî-Monfanto, and Soir to the third Marquis o f Cajffâet, bom. ùn fhe t 3 th o f Septembery 17.47. . . - 1 -

: The’M arquisats ôfFrbnteifa: MaicarenhaS. J This Title had its'Beginning in the Perfon ofiDon Joaon Maficagenbas^ by Grant from the Prince Regent Don Pedro, afterwards King of Portugafrhtmg then fé­ cond Earl da Torre*, he Was Gentleman of the Bedchamber to hisifaid Protestor, Field-mafter-general of the Court and Province^ Efiremadura, Inipeétor o f the Revenue, Co'unfellor of-State, and,, after, becoming a, Widower, he had. the 'Priory of Grata in the Order of St. John Of M alta t He'Was fucceeded by his Son, D on Fernando Maficartnbas, fécond Marquis of Fronteira, and third Ear-1 da Torre ; Governor of Arras of the. Provinces of B e n a and A k n tejo,, Governor and Cap­ tain-general of the Kingdom of A lgarve,, Counfell of- of State to King film V , Infpeétor of the Revenue, Preiident of the King's-Bench, and Mayordomo to Queen Mar-tana o f Aufir-ia,' who decëafed on the 25th of February, : \729. In the Year 1732, his;-Son, Don fiacn Màfiarénhàs, was third Marquis of F m iteira , and fourth Hail da Torre. . . . This Earldom accompanies the Firft-bom o f tire Family, and commenced with Don Fernando Majeurefihas -(hy.Grant 'from King P h ilip III.) j who was Ge­ neral of the Fleets of Potfugal. and Cdfiile, Brother, to Don Filipps.Majcarenbaty In iti tutor of the Inheritance of the Houfe of the Earls of CocvUtn,

The M aïtouIs a t e ’ ^Gouvea : Mafeaxenhas. *îhis Title run formerly in the Houle of Sylvas, Earls o f Portalegre, from the Time o f King P in lip IIP But the Barony ceaiing in thePerfon of Don joaon da Sylva, fécond Marquis o f Gduvea, and ieventh Earl o f Portalegre, King John V . re­ newed the faid Marqujfgte, in Favour jjf Dpn MaftinhoMaficarenhas, lixth. Earl o f Santa Çruz,, Grandibn to, Donna Ju lia n a de Lane afire, who was Sifter to the fécond Marquis of Gouvea juft now mentioned; and he remained third Marquis o f Gouvea, and fixth Earl o i Santa Cruz., At, prefent or lately TDonfiam Mafia- renhas is .or.was the fourth-Marquis o f Gouvea, and-ieventh Earl of Santa Cruz > Titles which he enjoyed in the Life-time of-his Father. ; : ;, Y The Office of Lord High Steward ftiil continues in the. Family, which the Earls of Santa C ntz inherited from-xhofe o f Portalegre, by the Marriage of Don M ar- tinbo Mafic arenhas, fourth Earl of Santa C r u z with Donna Juliana de Lancafira, Daughter to Don Mannque da.Syha, the firft Marquis-of Gouvea, and lixth Earl of Portalegre. , - v • ■; - The Earls oiPortakgre were. Sylvas by Name, and the Hrft thatboré this Title was Diogo da Sylpa deMenezes^, by Grant.from KingJVIh^cr/, in thé Y e a r -1496 : He was followed by , his. Spn, Don f ia m da Sylva, fécond Earl, and his’Grand- fon, Don Alvaro da Syha, third Earl, whofe Grand-daughter, TFounaFilippa da Sylva, became Heirefs to the Family, arid was married to Don Joaon da Syha, Son to 'D onM annque da- Sylva,,_ Marquiires of M sntetm r, who : was ..the . fourth Earl o f Portalegre-, Don Diego da Sy ha r the.fiith_E.arl,. .wasthe'Fruits' of, this ^ arTiage,:w-fio -was fucceeded. b yifi^ Brother, VtoAMaptipue da Syha, thé fifft Marquis of Gouvea, as hath; been related: . ... Y • >The Earldom of iS^to CM^ accompaiiies the Primogeniture ‘ Of -thé prefent Branch of the Marquiftes of Gouvea, as, the Eàrldom oFP.ortakgre, run with the former Branch. The firft Earl of Santa ,Cruz was Don Francifie'o Mafibarenbas, youngeft §on}oip)Qn fiaenMafcarenbas, ahd Nephew to,Fernaon'Mfirtfint Mafica- renpasp Captain of.tlie Horfe-guards to tire; Kings. John IP. : and ■ fiA-Manoehy he yvas Vicerqyuf* India, where he.wént with the Title of Earl o i lio r la , the chief ! •' ’ Town. SPAIN and P Ô RTÜ Q AL. U r "tW n 1Ï1. foelftand of Payai, afterwards changed for that of Santa Cruz, by à Sentence of Review'or Revifal, obtained by its former Données : He Was fucceeded ■ by his Son’i Don Martinho Mafcarenhas, fécond Earl of Santa Cruz, who, leav­ ing an only Daughter, Donna B rites Mafcarenhas* Inheritrix, and foe marrying with her Relation, Don Pernaon Martins Mafcarenhasj he became by tins A l­ liance third Earl of Santa Cruz: Tills Matrimony produced Don Maninho Maf­ carenhas y fourth Earl of that Title, who was Father to Don Joaon Mafcarenhas, the fifth Earl ; as he was to the fixth, Don Martinho Mafcarenhas, in whom 'Kèm gfobn V; renewed the Title of Marquis of Goiktea, as aforefaid.

PA? M a r q u i s a t e o f Marialva: MertézeiSi This Title commenced in the Reign o f Affonfo Vf, by Gift of the faid Prince to Don Antonio L uiz He Menezes, third Earl of Cant ante de ; Co.unfellor of State to King John IV, to the abovementioned Monarch, and to the Prince Don P e ­ dro, and alfo of focDifpatch; Inipe£tor of the Revenue, Governor of the Arms o f Cafcaes and the Province of Efremadura, and Cap tain-general of Aient ejo: He was fucceeded by Ills Son, Don Pedro de Menezes, fourth Earl of Cantanbede* and fécond Marquis of M a n ah a, Counfellor of State and Difpatth to King P e ­ dro, his Gentleman of the Bedchamber, as he was fubfequently to John V , and Prefident of the Board of Trade (Junta do Commercio) y he left no other Succef- fion than his Daughter, Donna Joachim. M aria Magdalena de Menezes, who mar­ ried with Don Diogo de Noronba, third Son of the firft Marquis of Ange/a, Gen­ tleman of foe Bedchamber to King John V, charged with the military Govern­ ment of EftretHadura, and, in the Year 173 5, Appointed Camp-mailer-general j by which Alliance he became third Marquis of M a ria h a : His Son, Don Pedro jo fep b de Alcantara e Menezes, was created Earl o f Cantanbede, by a Grant expe­ dited in January, 172Si The Eirit-bonl of this Houfe aifume the Title of Earls of Cantanbede ; and the fifot that enjoyed it was Don Pedro de Menezes, by Grant from King A f ­ fonfo V : He was Sod to Don Joaon Pello de Menezes, and fourth Nephew of Don Gtontah Pelles de Menezes, foe firft Lord of Cantanbede, by Grant from King Fer­ nando ; who alfo created him Earl o f N eh a and Faria, which were afterwards incorporated, with foe Eftates of foe moil ferene Houfe of Brag ança. The firft E arl o f Cantanbede. was fucceeded, by his Son, D on Jorge de Menezes, fifth Lord of foe fai'd Towni but he had not foe Title of Earl, no more than his Defend­ ants, Don Joaon de Menezes, Don Pedro de Menezes-, and Don Antonio de Menezes: Büt 'Krihg P h ilip Ilf. renewed it in the Son of this latter, named Don Pedro de Menezes,\i\ the Year 1616, who was thereby the fécond Earl of Cantanbede. This Lord" had D on Antonio L u iz de Menezes, who fucceeded him, and was third Earl o f Cantanbede % and ‘thefirft Marquis of M ariaha.

■ * PBe M a r q u isa t s : das Minas ; Soufas. The, Creation of this Title was, in the Regency of Prince P eter, afterwards K ing of Portugalj in foe Reifon of Don Francifco de Sou]a, then third Earl of Prado'-, Lord oî Beringel and S'agresy 'Alcaide m$r o f Beja, military Governor of the Province of Minho^ Malief of the Horfe to King John IV . znàAjfonfo V I, Comptroler o f foe Houfoold, Counfellof of State to foe laft named. Monarch and to’ the Prince Regent, and, finally, Ambaffador of Obedience from the faid Prince to Pope Clement IXJ( and Prefident of foe .Council for ultramarine A f­ fairs. , ; He. was fucceeded by his Son, Don Antonio L ü iz de Soufa, fourth Earl of Prado y And ie,bond Marquis fas M inas Governor of foe Afms.oftlieProvinc.es of Minhoy B eira, .and Aient ejo.y Governor of B r a fl, Prefident of Tobacco1, Mailer of the Horfé fô Quben Marianna o f A u fr ia , CounfeHor of State to King P eter II. Vom Hi * 3 D and an4 jo b x V - This Nobleman, commanding ,.the Portuguefe-_ and allied Troop*, after taking lèverai Places in Spain, proclaimed Charles III, in the Year 1706, at Madrid. In his Life-time, Don Joaon ie Soufa, his fécond Son, enjoyed the Honours of fixth Earl of Prado, and third Marquis das M inas ^ but was unfor­ tunately killed in L ift on, on the 17 th of September, 1722, being then Gentle­ man o f the Bedchamber to K ing 'John V, of. the Council of War, and Camp- mafter-generai. 'The Title of Earl of Prado goes annexed to the Primogeniture of this Houfe* and was a Grant made by King John III. to Don Pedro de Soufa, fifth Son of Ruy de Soufa, Lord o f Beringel, and. Donna Branca de Vilbena ; Alcaide mSr o f Be]a, and Captain of Alcacer-Seguer and Azam or: He was followed by Don Francifco de Soufa, D On Pedro de Soufa, and Don L u iz .de Soufa, all. without the.Title of Earl ; but, the Son of. this laid (his Father’s Namefakej was created fécond-Earl o f Prado, by a Grant from King P h ilip , and was alfo Governor of B ra fd "and Algarve, and Prefident of the Senate at Lifbon ; He was fucçeeded by his Coufin, Don Francifco de Soufa, Governor of Braftl, and Adminiftrator of the Mines dif- covered at S. Vicente, to whom the Marquifate waspromlfed; but neither he nor his Son, Don Antonio de Soufa, were ever Earls : Though his. Nephew, Don Francifco de Soufa, obtained this* Dignity (and was third. Earl of Prado) , by Grant from King John IV, amplified by Àffonfo V I ; who..declared him Earl de ju r e and of Inheritance, giving him two Lives more m the Eftate of the Crown and Orders ; and he was made the firft Marquis das M inas, by - the Prince Re­ gent. Don Antonio Lutz de Soufa, Son to the third Marquis das M inas, Don Joaon de Soufa, came to the Title of fourth Marquis in September, 1734.

. Pbc M a b q u i s a t e ifNiza: Gamas. This Title had its Beginning in the Reign of King John IV, who conferred it on Don Vafco L u tz da Gama, then fifth Earl of Vidigueira 3 Counfellor of State to the faid Monarch, Ajfonfo VI, and Prince Pedro, and o f his Difpatch ;. In- fpector of the faid'King’s Revenues, twice Ambafiador to the Court of France, and Mailer of the Horfe to Queen Maria Francifca Ifabel o f Savoy ; He was fuc- ceeded by his Son, Don Francifco L uiz Balthafar da Gama, fixth Earl o f V idi­ gueira, and fécond Marquis of N iza -, Deputy from three States, General of the Horfe in the Province of Betra, Governor and Captain-general of Algarve, and Counfellor of State. ' Don Vafco L u iz de Gama, his Son, inherited tile Honours and Eilate of his Father, and became on his Deceafe feventh Earl of Vidigueira, and third Mar­ quis o f N iza ; who leaving an only Child, Donna Maria Jofeph da Gama, ihe became his foie Inheritrix, and was married to Nuno da Sylva Pelles, fécond Son to the third Marquis of Alegrete, Manoel Pelles da Sylva j ’which Diipeniation was obtained on the 10th.of June, 1729, and on the 22d of the fame Month, 1731, ihe increafed the Family by the Birth of a Son. . . , The Earldom of Vidigueira accompanies the Primogeniture of this Houfe j and was a Grant made by King Manoel to the great Don Vafco da. Gama, - after his difcovermg the Eaft-Indies in the Year 1497: ° n his Re tutu from k fécond Voyage, having, previous to his Outlet on if,- appointed him Admiral of the Indian Sea - and, before commencing his third. Voyage to..rthofe Parts, King John H I, gave him the Poft of Viceroy. .. ■ ; He was fucceeded by his Son, Don Francifco da Gama, fécond Earl o î V idi­ gueira, Captain of one of the Ships which conduced the Infanta DonnaB rites to Savoy -, and fubfequently by his Grandfon, Don Vafco dqGamp, third Earl of Vidigueira, {lain in the Battle Of Alcaçer in* the Year 1378 ■ and his, great Grand- fon, Don Francifco da Gama, fourth Earl of Vidigueira, .Courifellor of State, Viceroy SP A I N ANS p ORT.UGAL Viceroy of India, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King P hilip III This Lord, was Father to Don Vtfco L u tz da Ganta, fifth Earl of Vidigueira, and firft Marquis of N iz a , as mentioned before.

Lhe M a r q u is a T e o/’Tavora: Tavoras. .'Lb? firft Marquis of Lavora was L u iz A lvar es de l'avéra, by Grant from thé Prince Regent, who afterwards afcended the Throne by the Name o f Peter II ; he being then third Earl of S. Joaon da Pefqueira, Gentleman of the Bedcham­ ber to the laid Prince, General of Horfe in the Province of Minbo* and Gover­ nor of the Anns therein and in that of Lras os Hontes, as alfo of the Council of W ar; he died o f a Fit, on the 25 th o f November, at Night, 1672, He was fucceeded by his Son, Antonio Luiz de Lavora, fourth Earl of S . Joaon, and fécond Marquis of Lavora-, as this was by Ins, named L u iz Bernardo de La­ vera, fifth Earl of S. Joaon da Pefqueira, who died in the Life-time of his Father, without the Title of Marquis ; he was Camp-mafter-general, and, whilft exer- cifing this Poft, he was made Prifoner at the Battle of Godinha, on the 7th of M ay, 1709; after the Peace of Utrecht, he had the Government of the Arms o f Setuval, and deceafed in the Year 1718, without leaving other Succeffion than an only Daughter, named DonnaLeonor de Loretta-, who, inheriting the Eilate and Honours of the Family, married With her Coufin, Francifco de Ajftz de La- vo}'a, eldeft Son to Bernardo de Lavera, fécond Earl o f A lvor, who, in Right of his Wife,' became thefixth Earl of S . Joaon, and third Marquis of Lavora. The Earldom of S. Joaon da Pefqueira is annexed to the Primogeniture of tills Houfe 3 and commenced with Luiz Alvar es de Lavora, only Son to another L u iz A lv a r es de Lavera, by Grant from King P hilip III, to whom he was Counfellor o f State. He was fucceeded by his Son, Antonio L u iz de Lavora, fécond Earl o f S. Joaon j who was Father to Luiz Alvares de Lavora, third Earl of S , Joaon, and firft Mar­ quis of Lavora $ and of M iguel Carlos de Lavora, fécond Earl of S . Vicente ; and o f Francifco de Lavora, firft Earl of A h o r .

Lhe M a r q u is a t e of Valença: ÎfortugaeS: This Title was renewed in the Reign of King John V, in the Perfon of Don Francifco de Portugal, eighth Earl of Vimiofo, the legitimated Son o f Don M i­ guel de Portugal (feventh Earl), who at prefent does or lately did'enjoy it. . The firft Marquis of Valença was Don Ajfonfp, eldeft Son to the Earl o f Bar-^ cellos, and firft Duke of Bragança-, who had Ifiue the faid Don Affonfo de Portu­ gal, afterwards Biihop of E ver a ; and he had Don Francifco de Portugal, firft Earl o f Vimiofo, by Grant from King Manoel, in the Year 1515. The Barony of this Houfe is a royal one, as appertaining to that of Bragança, both, proceeding from two Sons of the abotefaid Earl o f B a r cellos, natural Son to K m g jo b n .1 : On the Death of the firft Marquis of Valença in 1460, this Title was difeoutinued to his SuccefTors "for above two hundred and fifty Years, till its Renovation as above, though they ufed that of .Earls of Vimiofo, in the Manner following. ■ j , - Don Francifco de Portugal, firft Earl of Vimiofo, was fuccéedèd by his Son, the fécond .Earl, who was-killed at the Battle of Alcacer in the Year 1578 ; and his Son, Don Francifco de Portugal, thirdEarl, came next; who dying without Pro­ geny, his Brother, Don L u iz de Portugal, inherited the Title as fourth Earl: This Nobleman was Father to Don Affonfo de Portugal, fifth Earl, and Marquis A A gu iar, by Grant from King John V I. in the Year 1644 ; he bad the Employ of Governor rof the Arms of the Province of Alentejo, and Counfellor of State: He was: fucceeded by his Son, DonXw's; de Portugal,, fixth Eafl of Vimiofo, Ad­ miral o f Portugal, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Prince Lheodojio, who died died unfortunately of a Wound in the Year i6$ $ t without anylfegitiniate ChÌL dreti.j he was therefore fucceeded by his Brother* Don M iguel de Portugal, feV venth Earl of Vimiofo, and Matter of the Horfe to Queen Maria FranciJcaJfabel de Saboya, Father to Don Francifco de Portugal, eight Earl of this Title, and fe- cond Marquis of Valenza, as aforefaid. In the Life-time of this Nobleman, his Son, Don Jofepb M iguel Joaon de Por­ tugal' (bom On the 27 th o f December, 1706) was the ninth Earl of Vimiofo, and married, on the 24th of October, 1728, with Donna L u iza 4 s Lorena, Daughter to the third Marquis of Æ egrete, Manoel Pelles; da Sylva.

EARLDOMS»

TA? E arldom o f Alva: Ataides. ' This Earldom was ereited on the ïyfhoî January, ijiÿ i by King John V* in Favour of Don “Joaon Diogo de A t aide, Brother to ~D onLuiz de A t ai de, tenth Earl o f Aiouguia, both Sons of the eighth Earl, Don Jeronymo de A t aide, Governor of Arms in the Province of Prat os Montes, General of the Fleet, Viceroy of B rafil, and Counfellor of State : This Favour was conferred on him in Conlideration of his great Services rendered the Crown ; and, after having exercifed leverai Potts with great Honour and Valour, and governed the Arms of Alm tejo, with the Employ of Camp-mafter-general, he remained Général of the Fleet* H e married Donna ConftançaLuiza P aim , Daughter and Heirels to Roque Mem- teiro Paim, who was Secretary to King P eter II.

Pbe. E arldom o f Alvor: Tavoras* This Title had its Beginning in Francifco de Pavera, third Son to Antonio L uiz de Pavera, fécond Earl o f S. Joaon da Pefqueira, who was alfo Father to the firtt Marquis of Pavera, and of the fécond Earl o i S. Vicente, as is remarked in their proper Places : The Grant was from King Peter U, partly as a Recompence for his Services ; for, exclufive o f tins Honour, he was made Governor o f the Arms of the Provinces of Pras os Montes and Alentejo, Governor of Angola, Viceroy of Fidi a, Regedor of the Juftices, Prefident of the Council for ultramarine Affairs, and of the Council of State. He had for his Sue ceffo r, Bernardo Filippe N eri de Pavera, who at prefent is or lately was the fécond Earl o f A h o r ; Camp-matter-general, Governor of Anus in the Province of Pras os Montes, and Counfellor of War : His eldeft Son be­ came third Marquis of Pavera, by Marriage with his Couûn, ' DonnaX^npr de Lorena, as hath been obferved in treating of the faid Marquifate.

Phe E arldom o f Arcos : Noronhas.. D on Lutz de Lima, de Brito Nogueira was the firtt Earl of Arcos, by1 Grant from King P hilip II;. and was fucceeded. by-his Son, Don Lourenço de B rito e Lim a, fécond Earl; who died without Sueceffion: The third Earl was Don Pho- mas deNoronha, a. Defendant by the Male Line from Don Affbnfo, Earl of GV- jo n , an illegitimate Son of King Henrique II. of Caftile, and Donna Ifahel, na­ tural Daughter of King Ferdinand o f P ortu g al, who fucceeded in this Houle by his Alliance with. Donna Magdalena deBorbon, Daughter-to the firtt Earl of A>4- cos, aboyementioned, who was eldeft Son to the Vifcount o£ V illa-N ova de Cer­ vi eira, Don Lourenço de Lima- é Brito* And ever fince the aforefkid Marriage, they have preferred in this Houfe the Appellation of Noronha, in thé Perlons of D on Marcos de Noronha, fourth'.Earl o f Arcos ; and Don Phomas de Noronha, fifth Earl, who' at prefent poffeffes, or- lately did poffefs, the Family Honours and Efkate, and, in the Y ear ij. 35, was appointed Sergeant-major de Bafalba, SPAIN a .vd PORTUGAL. *97

The Éarldom o f Argani! : W as^iâràht'lïlâàëbÿ^â^SV, on the 25th of September, 1472, to Don ¿ t a t Cófààdn,Kiùiòp ó f 'Còìmbra * though nói: only tò him, but to the fucceffive Pre­ lates of that Church, which for tins Reafon were in titled Bifiop-Earls : Which* the faid Mo'riàixh declares* wàs ih Recotnpence o f the great Services done him. the preceding Year, in his Journey to A frica , when he took A rz illa and Tangier from theMwrj, irv which thé Bifhop accompanied him. The Town of Arganti had been fubjedt to the Seigniory o f the Mitre Of Coimbra (as appears by fome Memorials) ever fince the Year 1432, by an Agreemènt made between the Chap­ ter and M ariim Vafqiies -da Cunba, towards the Ènd of King John I’s Reign • Parte t, fag though in the Chronica dos Conegos Regniate:, it is faid, that, in the Year 1472, ,53)&*6i; Affonfo V. gave the Title o f Èarl Of A lva r es, and the Lordihip of Fajaon, to the Prior o f the Monastery of. Folques of regular Cahoii ¡3, in Exchange for the.fecu- lar Jurifdidtion that they poiTeffed iri the Town of Æ'g'aniï, o f tvliich he made the Bifhop, Don Joàôti ùalvaon, Earl : Other Records fpecify, that the Contrait made between the Chapter of Coimbra and Martini Vafques da Cunba, was a Bar­ gain rùadé, by Confent òf King John Ì, for the ceding Belmont, or its Territory, with the Patk of S. RomadH, by the Mitre, to the aforefaid Mariim Vafques, in Exchange for Angami, with all its JurUHidtionk.

The E a r lpo m û/’Aifumâr: Almeidas.

This Earldom Was erected by K ing Peter lì, in Favour of Don foaon de A l- mëîdà, in virtue of a Promife made by the Did Monarch to the Father, Don F e ­ dro de Almeida, on his Departure for India, with the Character of Viceroy. The Son, firilËarl oiAffutnar, w a s Comptroller Of that King's Houfhotd, and Gen­ tleman of the Bedchamber to John V, hy Appointment, on the 13th of January, 1729, after having been Ambalîàdor extraordinary to Charles III. at Barcelona, and Counfellor o f State* he died on the 27th o f December, 1733* having mar­ ried Donna Ifabel de Cafro, Daughter of Don Joaon Mafcarenbas, fécond Earl da Torre, and firft Marquis of Frm teira, by whom he had and left Succeffion. Yhe fécond Earl of Affumar, at prefent is of lately was Don Pedro Miguel de Aitfitida, once Governor of the Mines, and General deBatalha-, in thè Year 1735; he was made Camp-m after-general, General of the Ftorfe of Alentejo, and Direc­ tor of all the Cavalry hi the Kingdom; . .

The E a r l d o m ôf'Atalaya:. Mahoeis. Tins Title commenced in this Family, by a Grant from King P h ilip X. with Don Francifco Manorl, Son to Don Nano Manosi, killed in the Battle of Alcaçër : His. Brother, D on Pedro Manosi, lucceeded. as fécond Earl o f A t al ay a-, and his Son, Don Antonio Mane el, -as third, who-dying childiefs,. his Nephew, Don L u iz M a me l, Son to Don Aharo.Manoel, became Head of. the Houfe^and fourth Earl* who, having been Ambaffador to the Court o i favoy, and fubfèqqently Governor of the Arms of the Provipce of Mqnkoh was wounded by a Muiket-bajl,- as he was1 (with other General Qffiqers) reconnoitring, the-Ground at Attack o i Alcan­ tara, by ¡an Army under the Marquis das M inas J Compiano, on the iotir of -Aprili jj o à , of whicli he died on ‘the 2otli of the farntMonth. f ■ , At this Time his Son, Don Pedro Manoel, was 'fifth Earl of Ataldya * who,, after commanding Ûst'PbrttigueférVTôùp5 in Catalani a, wenif over to the Court of Vienna, and entered into the, Service, o f . the Emperor Charles Y ly who appointed him General, o f Hprfe^ an d ■ a G raiïdee of Spain .of the fir it Clafs * he fubfequently made, him Viceroy pf Sardinia, gnh; gave him the Government of Cafelmvo. inf the City of Naples -, in which he continued till the Year 1722, being that of his V ol. II. * 3 E Death, DISSERTATIONS on

Death, his only Son, Don Luiz Manoei, having unfortunately died fome Years before unmarried* H e was fucceeded on the 22d o f December, 1727, by his Brother, Don Joaon Manoei, Fruit o f the fécond Marriage o f the Earl D on L u iz with Donna Francifca Lcom r de M enéça , Daughter to the firil Earl of Ribeira grande ; which Don Joaon now is or lately was the lixth Earl of A talaya, Camp-mafter-general of his Majefty’s Troops, Governor of the Tower of Belem* and of the Council of Wai*j after having governed Angola, in the Year 1735, he was appointed Go­ vernor of the Arms of the Army and Province of A lentejo, as ,alfo Director of all the Infantry of the Kingdom. In the Reign of Affonfo V , Pedro V a z de M eih had the Title o f Earl of Atalaya.

The E a r l d o m o f Atougukt Ataides. The Grant of this Earldom, was made by K ing Affonfo V , to Alvaro Gonçalves de A t aide, and continued in the Male Line of that Houle to Don L u iz de. Ataide, fifth Earl of Atouguia, who died without Succelhon ; and, for W ant thereof, the Earldom pafied to Joaon Gonçalves de Ataide, Grandfon to Simqon Gonçalves da Ca­ mera and Donna Ifabel da Sylva, who was Daughter and Heirefs to Don Joaon de A t aide, Head of the Houfe of Atouguia, in whopa the Name was changed for that o f Cameras, Defendants from Joaon Gonçalves Zarco, Difcoverer of the Iiland of Madeira, and Captain Donnée o f the City o f Funchal: The aforefaid Joaon Gon­ çalves de Ataide, fixth Earl of that Title, was followed by the feventh, Don L u iz de A taide, Capitami mor of L eiria ; and he by Don Jeronymo de. A taid e-, eighth Earl, and Viceroy of India: Don Manoei Luiz de Ataide, ninth Earl, came next, and died without I flue ; the tenth was Don L u iz de A ta id e, his Brother, who was un­ happily killed in the Year 1689: Don Jeronymo de A ta id e was the eleventh; and his Son, Don L u iz de Ataide, the twelfth, who, marrying with Donna Clara AJfiz Mafcarenbas, Daughter to Don Fernando Martins Mafcarenhas, fécond Earl o f O bi- dos, died in A u gu f, 1733,

Tbe E arldom o f Aveiras : Sylvas. King Philip III. created this Title in Favour o f Joaon da Sylva ‘Telia e Menezes,- Lord of Vagos ; Governor of Algarve, Ruler of the Juftices, and' Viceroy of India, where he went a fécond Time, with the Promife of being created Marquis of Vagos, on lfis Arrival there, but he died near Mozambique, in the Reign of icing John IV, and the Year 1651 : He was followed by L uiz da Sylva Telia e Me- nezes, fécond Earl o f Aveiras ; as this was by the third Earl, Joaon da Sylva Tello e Menezes, Counfellor of State, having been Prefident of the privy Council, and Regent of the Juitices. ‘ Hts Son, Luiz da Sylva Tello e Menezes, was fourth Earl in his Father's Life­ time, and General de Batalba: From the Marriage of this Nobleman with Donna Maria Ignada de Tavora, Daughter to the firflEarl of A lvar, Tprung Donna Ig - nez Joacbina da Sylva Tello e Menezes, prefumptive Heirefs to the Earldom of Aveiras, who was efpoufed to Don Duarte da Camera, fourth Son of the fécond Earl of Ribeira grande, and becoming fifth Earl of A v eira s Hy means of this Al­ liance, befides which he was Gentleman of the* Bedchamber to the Infante Don Francifco', the abovementiohed fourth Laxl,Luizdà Sylva, was appointed Camp- mafter-general in the Year 1735.

The E arldom cF Avintes :, Almeidas. The firil Earl of Avtntes was Don L u iz de Alm eida, Governor o f R io de J a ­ neiro, Algarve, ■ axsà Tangier, by Grant froifi;Kirig Affonfo VIC H e was fu’c-ceeded by his Son, Don Antonio Almeida, as fecoild Eafl, Governor of the Anns in Tras os Montes, and Counfellor of State ; and he by. his Soh, Don L u i z de-Alm eida, ; J ' t;hird fchircj Earl, Gentleman of the Bedchamber ¿nd of the Horfe to the aforefaid In­ fante Don Francifio, he.was alfo General de Batalba, and died on tire ioth o í A p r il, 1730; his Lady the Countefs, Sifter to p o s\ Joaon Fernandes de Lim a , Vif- eount of Villa-Nova de Cerveira, deceafmg alio in ten Days after, was fucceeded by their Son, Don Antonio de Almeida, the third Earl, whom John V. made Earl o f L avra dio, and who had married with Donna Francifia das Chagas Mafcarenhas, Daughter, to Dort Martinho Mafiarenbas, fécond Marquis o f Gonvea, which Ike left a Widower, in 1733) with four Sons. Among the numerous Defendants of thé aforementioned fécond Ëarl, Don Antonio de Almeida, his fécond Son Don Thomas is the chief ; who, after feveral Places, Employs and Dignities, which he difcharged with confummate Pru­ dence, Affability, Judgment and Integrity, wás elevated, in the Year 1716, to1 the exalted Station of Patriarch of W eß-Lijbont

The E ar ld o m o f Calheta : VafconcellOs. This was a Grant made to Simaon Conçoives da Camera, by Ring Sebafiian ; and which continued in the Lineage, bÿ Joaon Gonçalves da Camera, fécond Earl; Simaon Gonçalves da Camera, third Earl ; and fio non Gonçalves da Camera, fourth Earl, who died without Succeftion in the Year 1656. The Male Line of this Houfe being extin6 1 , Donna Mariana de Noronha e Lan- cafiro,- el deft Daughter to Simaon Gonçalves da Camera, the third Earl, as already mentioned, fucceeded as Sifter to the laft PöftefTor* this Lady married with JoaeH 'Rodrigues Vafioncellos e Soufa, fécond Eárl of Cafiello-melbor, and was the fifth Co unte is of Calheta in her1 own Right, and Countefs of Càfiello-melbor in that of her Hufband’s, as fhe afterwards was Marchionefs of the fame, arrd firft Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen M aña Francifia Ifabel de Saboga: She wás followed by her Son, L u iz de Soufa de Vafioncellos, fixth Earl öf Calheta (although he only ufed the Title of Earl of Cafiello-melbor) , Gentleman of the Bedchamber to A f- fonfo VI, Secretary of the privy Council, his prime Minifter, Counfellor of State to him and King John V ; hi the Life-time of this Nobleman, the Title of Earl o f Calheta, was renewed in his eldeft Son, Affbnfi de Vafioncellos e Soufa da Ca­ mera, who was feventh Earl of Calheta, and fourth of Cafiello-melbor, deceafmg on the ad of February, 1734. In the Life-time of this Earl, King John V. renovated the Title, of Earl of Öaf- tello-melhor, in Joaon de Vafioncellos e Soufa, eldeft Son of the faid Earl, and the Countefs . his fécond W ife, Donna Pelagia Simphrmta de Roban, Daughter, of Francifio de Rohan, Prince of Soubifi in France -, this Honour Was conferred by Grant, bearing Date in Augufl, 1728, fo that he became the'eighth-Earl o f Cal­ heta, and fifth of Cafiello-melbor ; he married in June, the fame Year, with Donna Maria Rofa de Noronha, Daughter to the Earl of Villa-Verde, lately fécond Mar­ quis of Angeja...... The E arldom o f Coculiffl: Mafcarenhas.- fT; y. i. r-,.- This Title had a Beginning in Don Francifio Mafcarenhas, fécond Söll ¡to Doit Joaon Mafcarenhas, firft Marquis of Frontdra, by Grant from Rsng-Peter IP, then only Pririèé'"Regent. T h e Intail o f this Houfe was inftitutedfLfDonVUippe. Mafiadenbas, Viceroy of India, Uncle to the firft Marquis hPFnonteirp, fomaTéi cohd Sorrof the faid Mafquis, ; ' - ■ ..-ul ' - '.'Uàt: There hath been three Earls in this Family, v iz . Don Fhanáfió Mafiârènbas 'i his Öori,' Don Filippe, Deputy of the Junta of the three Eftates,.Who died'in May ; 173JL and his Granjdfon, Don Francifio Mafcarenhas,' who,, in’the Life-time o f the Earl Don FilippeMafiarenbas, his Father, obtained, the Title o f Earl, and was Gentleman of thé Bedchamber to the Infante Ddft Antonio ; he had Chil­ dren,'^ : a Tecond Soft Was' born to - him on the 2 2d. of. OAober, ■ 1.72 9. ’ ' ’ v ! 1 ‘ ' ■ The 200 D 1 SSE R T A T I O N S on

The E ar ld o m 0/" Ericeira: MfenSzes, *fhis Houfe is a Branch of that of Cantanhede, which Was feparated in Don Fernando de M enezes, Called the Red) fecOnd Son to Don Fernando de Menezes, Lord o f Cantanhede, and his Lady Donna Brites de Andrade* Five Earls have fuccef- fiveiy enjoyed this Honour: O f which the fir it was Don T)iogo de Mettezes, by Grant from King P hilip lit: The fecond, Don Fernando de. Menezes, fecond Ne­ phew to the faid Don Diogo, Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Entice Don Pedro, Governor of Tangier, Regent of the Jultices, and Counfellor of State; The third, Don L u tz de Menezes, his Brother, Heir alfo to the Houfe of Lourt- qal, by Marriage with his Niece, theCounteis Donna 'Joanna de Menezes, Daugh­ ter o f the aforefaid Earl Don Fernando j he was Governor of the Arms in did Province of Tras os Montes, Infpeftor of the Revenue, and Counfellor of State to King Peter II, and General of Artillery at the Battle oFM ontijo: From this Marriage fprung the fourth Earl of E riceira, D on Francifco Xavier de Menezes, well known to the learned World for liis immenfe Erudition, and by the Ap- plaufe he has gained in the Republic Of Letters; General de Batdlha, and De­ puty in the Meeting of the three States; in the Year 1735, he was made Coun- fellor of War and Camp-mailer-general; The Countefs his Wife was Donna Joanna Magdalena de Noronha, Daughter to the Earl of Barzedas, Don L u tz Lobo da Syheira, who died on the 17th of May, 1729; in her Life-time, her Son, Don L u tz Carlos de Menezes, was fifth Earl of E riceira , Brigadier in his Maj city’s Forces, and Viceroy of India-, he married with Donna Anna X avier de Rohm , Daughter to the fourth Earl of Ribetra grande, and died in July, 1733) leav­ ing Succeffion.

Tbe E arldom o f Galveas: Caflxos. This Earldom was erefled by King Peter II, in Favour of D e n iz de Metlo de Cafiro, Governor of the Arms in the Province of A lentejo; His'Son, Pedro-de Mello de Cajlro, fucceeded him as fecond Earl, who married with Donna I f abet de Bor- bon, Daughter to the fecond Earl o f A v in tes; in his Life-time, Antonio de Mello de C a f ro enjoyed the Honour of third Earl of Galveas, and was efjioufed to Donna Ifabel de Alencaftro, Daughter to Don Joaon de AknCdflro (who was Go­ vernor o f Angola) and Donfia Maria de Portugal, In the Year’ 1722, King John V. attending to the Sendees of Andre de Mello de Caftro (many Years Ambaffador at Rome, and Son to the firit Earl abovemen- tioned), and the Want of Succeflion in his Houfe, created him alfo Edrl of G al­ veas ; and, in 1732, appointed him Governor of the Mines.

The E arld Om o f the Ilh a: CafnehoS*. This Earldom of the Ilha do Principe (Prince’s Iiland) begun in Luiz Carneiro, then Lord of it, by Inheritance from his Predetefibrs- in the Reign of King P h ilip H I: He was fucceeded by his Son,. Fraticifio Carneiro de Soufa, as fecond Earl, who marriedwith Donna Eufrajia-de L ip ia , Daughter to the firif lilarquis das M tnas; from which 'Alliance ip rung :Anto?iio Cametro-de Soufa, .who. eipouied Donna Magdalena de Lencafro, Daughter, to Lutz- da.Cmha de-Af'atde, Lord .of P a - volide: His Son, Francifco L u iz Carneiro de Soufa, was,vin his Father^ Xifevtime, fourth Earl of the Iile; who, In November, ri 7 2 8p contrad^d a matrimonial A l­ liance with Donna A in a de Bonbon, rDaughter to the { thirdE arlo f A yjntes, Don L u tz de Almeida, and died on the 18th

The E a r ld o m Lavradio: Almeidas. ' : ,t|" L- '■ The Title of ■ this Earldom; which was formerly in' tbe Houife of theMendoyas, was renewed in the Year 1725, by King John V , in Favour of Antonio de Almeida, eldeft S P AI N AN b P ORTU GAL. 2 0 T eiddf Sbn: ■ in the F amity of the Earls'of Avint/s-, and. Son-to the third Earl Don L u iz de Almeida j he died ia the Year 1730. ■ [See what I have farther remarked in the Earldom of Avintesl\

, Pbe E arldom o f 8. Lourengo; Mellos, " The, firft Earl vvitli- this Title was Pedro da Syha, of the Houfe of the Lords of Vagos, by Grant from King P hilip III- and* for W ant o f a Male Heir, his Daughter Dbnna Magdalena da Syha fucceeded, who married with her Coufm, Martini Affonfo de Mello, Governor of the Anns of the Province of Alentejo^ Comptroler .of the Revenue, and Counfellor of State, and by the faid Nuptials became fecoild Earhof S.Lourenfo: His Son, Lutz de Mello da Syha, followed; as third Earl.; and to him; his Son,- Martim Antonio Affonfo de Mello, fourth Earl; and, das'he., left no Hell's by the Conn tefs Donna Magdalena de Borbon, he was fucceeded by his Brother, Rodrigo de Mello e Sy ha , as. fifth Earl, Deputy of the Junta-.of. the three States, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Infante ~Don.Aitoniowho, having been married with Donna Maria Rofa de Lencafro; left an only Daughter, Donna Anna de Mello da Syha, Heirefs to the Earldom of S. Lourenp.

Pbe E arldom o f -St Miguel : BotelhoS; Was a Grant from King P hilip III. to Francifco Botelho, for the confiderable ‘Services , of his Father, the great Nuno Ahares Botelho, Governor of India, where he was killed in a naval Engagement. Francifco Botelho was fucceeded by his Son, Alvaro Jofeph, as fécond Éarl, who entered into a matrimonial Alliance with Donna Antonia de Borbon, Daughter to the Earl of Areas, and W idow of Fernaon Mafcarenhas, by whom he had Phomas Botelho de Paver a, third Earl with this Title; who married with Donna f ¿liana Xavier de Lancajiro,- Daughter to Fernaon Pelles de Memzes (third Earl of Unhaon) and the Marchîonefs Donna M aria de Lancaftro, firif Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Marianna o f A uflrldl and have a numerous Progeny.

Pbe E arld o m o f Obidos : Mafcarenhas. This Earldom commenced in Don Vafcq Mafcarenhas, Brother to Don Joaon Mafcarenhas, third- B a rlo f Santa Cruz, by Grant from King Pin lip III ; the ïàid Don Vafco was Governor oh Algarve and of the Arms in the Province of AJ'en- iejo, Viceroy of India and Brajil, arid Counfellor of :State: He had for Succeifor, his Sori, Don'Fernaon Martins Mafcdrenhas, fécond Earl of Obidos, and, by the Alliance ■ ritade with Donna Brites Mafcarenhas,- he alfo became Earl oh Palma and Sabagal, arid was'Lord Chief Juftice of the Kingdom; Peter II. made him Counfellor of State, and Preceptor to the Infantes Don Antonio and Don M a- nocl: 111 his Life-time his eldeft Son, Don-Francifco de A fftz, was Earl of Palma, and; dying-, a Bachelor in the Year 1718, he, was fucceeded' by' his- fécond Bro~ theripDôn -ManodMafcarenhasj asthird: Earl of who, in the Year 1721, married with Donna Helena ‘de Loretta, Daughter to the third Marquis oh A ie- greie. *- - - - ■ : ■ , - ■ ' ‘ ' 1

-- 7 1^ E a ;rldom o/TOriola,, Bai;on. o ffflP d Q - Sylveiras. LobpSi t The Heufe of the Barons oh A h ito , and; Earls of Qriola, fprurig from.Lops Fernandes Loba-, whofe Grandlbn; Kuy- L ia sL q bo, was .the firft L o ïà 'o h A v ito : He was'fucceeded by Bdogo Lopes Lobo, in whofe Sops rile Barony! beCairie extinit,' and-paifed to that of' CmSyhtiras, b y 'the, Marriage ohfoabn Femandis da Syl- w ëird -tà hh D oim si M nA a de Soufa JAfro, his fècond Wife, arid Daughter to the faidiÉtUgûLopes Lobo, by -which Alliance 'he- Was!firfr Barori o f-Aivito, by Grant from FMxgAffonfo W; from his dirft Matrimony with- ViolantePmira, it went Von. U. ■ * 3 F . away ao2 DI SSE R T A T IO NS on"' away from the Sylveiras, Cavaliers of the Order of C b rif, and GommendadoreS o f Montahaoh ; which Barony is now. ejrtinift. Several Generations continued pofleffed of thefe Honours, to Hon L u iz Lòbo, feventh Baron of Adito, and firit Earl of Oriola (by Grant from King John IV. )s whofe Son, Don Joaoft Lobo, the eighth Baron ù t A vito, wa3 killed in a Duel with Don Vafco da Gama, at the Siege of Badajoz, in the Year 1658, leaving an only Daughter to fucceed him, and it does not appear that he ever obtained the Title of Earl: This Lady, named Donna Bernarda Castana Lobo, married her.Uncle, Don Vafco Lobo, ninth Baron of A v ito , and fecond Earl of Oriola-, but as this Matrimony produced only a Son, who died young, Don Vafco contracted a fe­ cond Alliance with Donna Jgnez Mar gar ìda de Lene afro, Daughter of C brifovam de Ahnada, Preveder of the India-hmtfs, Governor aiM azagaon, Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to the Prince Don Pedro, and Comptroller of the Queen’s Houiholdj the Production of which was a Son, Don Joj'epB Antonio Francifeo Lobo, ninth Baron of A vito, and third Earl o f Oriola, who married with Donna Fherefa de AJfiz Mafcarenhas, Daughter to Don Fernando Martins Mafcarenhas, Lord Chief Juitice. - -

Fbe E arl pom o f Pombeiro : Caitello-Brancos. This Title begun in the Reign of King Affbnfo VI, with Don iWro de Caflelto- B rancò, Chief Of the illuitrious Family of this Name, who was thirteenth Lord o f Pombeiro-, Captain of the Guard to. Prince Fbeodofm, K ing John IV, Affbnfo VI, and Prince Pedro 5 and the firil Earl of Pombeiro : He had for his SuccefTor, his Son, Don Antonio de Cajidk-Branco, fecond Earl o f Pombeiro, and Captain of the Guard to Peter II ; who was fucceeded by his Son, Don Pedro de Cafiello-Branco da Cunba, third Earl of Pombeiro, fifteenth Lord, of the fame, and ninth Lord of Bellas, Captain of the Guard to King P eter II. and John V, who, dying without IfTue on the 2d of A p ril, 1733, although he had been twice married, was fuc­ ceeded by his Brother, Don L u iz de CaJiello~Branco, Canon of tlie Patriarchal Church, who, in the Year 1735, had not changed his Condition.

Fbe E arldom o f Ponte: Torres. T h e firft Earl o f Ponte was Francifco de Mello de Forres, by Grant, from King 1 Affonjo VI, in the Year 1661, who afterwards created him Marquis of Sande ; he was General of the Artillery, Ambaffador. to Charles II. Kiiig of QreauBritain , and in France to Lew is X IV : His S o n Garcia de M ello, fucceeded him, and was fecond Earl of Ponte, Lord of the Town, of Sande, and Alcaide >mófoi Ferma -, whofe Son, Antonio Jofepb de Mello, in courfe became, third Earl of Ponte, and efpoufed a Daughter o f Don L uiz Alvar es- de Cafro, fecond Marquis of Cafcaes.

Fbe E arldom o f Eovoiide: CunijasI / ~ This Title was created by King John V , on the 6th -.di-January, 1709, in Fa­ vour of Frifaon da Cunba de Ataide j whofe Family is one of the moil ancient in Spain, which had Don Guterre Pelaes (Son of Don Pelayo) for its Root op Stock, who ferved the Earl Don Hmrique very much to his Satisfaction, in all his, mi­ litary Enterprizes, as the Earl Don Pedro affirms, and had from him feveral Lands in the Neighbourhood of Gutmaraens air'd Braga ; and his Son^ Don Payo Guterres, behaved in the fame approved Manner with King Affonfo-Henriques, who gave him thè Name of Cunba, and the Arms Which thofe Gentlemen bore. They were divided into many .Branches, m vttW m Portugal and C a file - and, among them, in the Cunhas deGejtaqo. and de Panoya,. frcunwhom proceeded S t- mam da Cunba, who was pioperly the Root of the P ovoli de Family,!,third Son of Frifaon da Cunba, and Brother to the great Nuno da Cunba, Governor of i«- dia; Simoon da Cunba, Carver to King John III,: was-followed-by his Son, F rifaon SPAIN and PORTUGAL.

4a Cunha,s.who-was'Father to another Simoon da Cunha, and Lord of PovoHde, by an Alliance with Donna Ignez deMslh , Daughter and Heirefs of Duarte deMello da Sy bil) Lord o f Povolide. He Was fucceeded by his da Cun lea de A t aide, who was Father to Luiss da Cunha, Lord o ^ P o v ^ E ^ and o f Nuno da Cunha de A iaide, Earl o f Pon- tb e ly the faid Luizj&fffnbade Aiaide was Father to Prifaon da Cunha de A t aide, firfl. Earl of Povolidei ■- i ,* By his Death, on the 8th of Augujl, 1728, L A s Vafques da Cunha de A tm de, his Son, became fecond Earl of Povolide; .who was appointed, in the preceding Year, Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Infante Don Antonio, and was manfed in December, 1729) to Donna Helena de Cafello-Branco, Daughter to Don M iguel Lutz de Menezes, third Earl of Valladares, ' This Family became more illuftrious in the Promotion of his Erninency Car­ dinal da .Cunha to a Hat, by Pope Clement XI, on the 18th of May, 1712 ; who, by. his Capacity, Zeal, Prudence, Affability, and other Virtues, made a fliining Figure in the facred College, as was proved by the particular Veneration with which he was treated at Rome, when he went there on the Death of the faid Pope 3 at home, he was Counfellor of State and the Difpatch to King John V, and Inquifitor-general.

Phe E arldom o f Redondo: bouiasj The firft Earl of Redondo in this Family was Fernaon de Sottfa, Lord o f Gottvea, Comptroller of the Houlhold to Affonfo VI. and Pedro II, with the fame Favour from King John V i The Defcent of thefe Noblemen is from Martim Affonfo de Soufa, legitimated Son o f Mar tint Affonfo de Soufa Chicborro which Legitimation was granted him by K in g John I. in the Year 1405. He was fucceeded by his Son, Fernaon de Soufa, who ferved (as the greateft Part of his Defendants did) the mod: lerene Dukes o f BrUganda; from whom (among other Favours) he obtained the A IcaL daria mor of Monte-Alegre, and was alfo Lord o f Gouvea: The Succeilion conti­ nued in feveral of the Family and Name, as M artim Affonfo de Soufa, Antonio, and Fernaon de Soufa, Gentleman to the Cardinal Infante Don Henriquc, and Comp­ troller of the Houfhold to Duke Pheodofus II, who gave him two Commendas in the Order of C brift; but quitting the Service of the faid Dukes, he entered into that of King P h ilip II: Martim Affbnfo de Soufa was General of the Fleets in In d ia i and his Brother, Pbomas de Soufa, who returned to the. Service of the moil ierene Houfe of Braganqa, was Father of Fernaon de Soufa, the firft Earl o f Redondo. H is Son, Phomas de Soufa, was the fecond Earl of this Title, and Comptroller of the King’s Houfhold; who, dying on the 6th of M arch, 1717, was fucceeded by his Son, Francifco de Soufo, in a very tender Age, as third Earl of Redondo. . In the preceding Reigns, this Earldom run in'other Families; in that of King Manoel, it belonged to the Coutinhos, the firft Earls of Borba ; it was afterwards in the Houfe of Caftello-Branco. ; and in Peter II!s Tim e, the Menezes were pof- feffed of this Honour, in the Person ■ of DawManoel Coutinbo, fecond Son to the firft Marquis of M a ria ba , who died without llTuei

Pke E arldom o f Ribelra grande: Cameras, This Earldom commenced in the Perfon of Don Manoel B a lth afarL u iz da Ca­ mera, Son and Heir of Don Rodrigo 'da-Camera, third, and laft Earl of Villa- Francaj this Change ofTitle was made in the Reign of King Afbnfo V I, and in the Year 1662, the new; Earl of R ib e ir a then going to prefidein the Iiland of S . M iguel, of which he was. the eighth Captain land Governor. He was fuc­ ceeded by his Son, Don Jofeph Rodrigo da Camera, fecond Earl of Ribeira, and ninth 204 D.I'S S E RTATI ChN® Win > ninth Captain of the aforefaid Ifle; Deputy of the Junta of the three Eftates, Prefident of the Senate oPWeJl^LiJbon, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Infante Don Fram ifco. H e was followed by his Son, Don Luiz da Camera, as. third Earl With1 this Title, and tenth Captain of the aforementioned Iiland; he was Camp-mafter- general* and in this Poll he defended the Place o f Campo-mayor, M the Year 1.712; and, having been AmbaJTador extraordinary at the Court o f France, he died on the 3d of September, 1723. . ■ By his Deceaie, Don Jof&ph da Camera became the fourth Earl, and the ele­ venth Captain of the Iiland of S.-M iguel, who eipoufed D onnaMargarida deLo~ rena, eldeft Daughter to the Earl o f Alvor-, which. Contract was made in J a ­ nuary t 1728, and the Nuptials celebrated in July following;, the Fruits whereof were the Birth of a Son in December the next Year. ^ The Barony o f the Cameras begun, as I have obferved, in Joaon Gonfakes Zarco, the Diicoverer and firft Captain of the Ifland o f M adeira 4 he had (among others) two. Sons, from whom proceeded two great Houfes, and -from thefe many others. The eldeft Son was Joaon Goncakes da Camera, w ith whofe De­ fendants the Captainihip of the Ifle hath uninterruptedly continued, and he was tire Stem of the Houle of the Earls of Calheta. The fecond Son was Ruy G on fakes da Camera, Stock of-, the Houfe of the Earls of Ribeira. This Nobleman bought the Captainfhip of the Iiland of S . M iguel of Joaon Soares da Albcrgaria\ and was fucceeded from Father'to Son, -by Joaon Rodrigues da Camera, fecond Captain of the faid Ifle; Ruy Gon fakes da Camera, third Captain; Manoel da Camera, fourth Captain; and Ruy Gonfakes da Camera, fifth Captain. This laft was' the firft Earl of Villa-Franc a, by Grant from King P h ilip I; and had for SucceJlor his Son, Don Manoel da Camera, fecond'Earl o f Villa-Franca; and he was fuccceded by his Son, Don Rodrigo da Camera, feventh Captain of the Iiland of S. M iguel, and third and laft Earl with the faid Title, Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to-King Philip II: Finally, he was followed by his Son, Don Manoel B alt b afar R uiz da Camera, firft Earl of Ribeira, already mentioned.

The E arldom o/'Rio grande: Barretos Menezes. This Earldom was a Grant made to Francfco Barreto de Menezes (Governor of Brafil, and Reftorer o f Pernambuco, Counfelior of W ar,, and'Preiideht of the Board of Trade), for his- great Services, and to whomfoever fhould marry Ins Daughter and Heirefs, Donna Antonia Francifca dcSa: This was effected in the Reign of King Pedro II, when the faid Lady was efpoufed to Lopo Furtadode Mendofa, afterwards General de Batalha, Admiral of the royal-Fleet, and Conn- lellor of War; whok in confequence of thefe Nuptials, became the firft Earl of Rio grande. His Family is of the fame Stock with that of the Earls of V d ld e Reys, as both are descended frorti Lcpo Furtado de Mendofa, a Grartdfon of one of the fame Name, who was chief Harbinger to King A fib n foY . ■ 1 j This Matrimony produced an only Son, named. Jofepb Antonio - Barreto- Fifr- tado de Mendofa, who died young in the Life-time of his Father; followed By his faid Parent, on the 20th o f November, 1730;1 by which Occurrences’ the Title re­ mained with the Countefs Donna Antonia.

The E arldom c/lSabugofa;. Ceiarea. - This Title commenced in the Reign of King John V, in the Year 1729,,in the Perfon of Vafeo Fernandes Cefar de M hiezes, Enfign-major of the 'Kingdom; in Acknowledgment for his great Services rendered the G row n; he had »the F oil of Viceroy of Brafil, after difeharging the fame Employ in India.“ His Bon, L u iz Cefar de Menezes,- married in Offober, ■ 172-8'; with' Donna Anna Mafcarenbas, eldeft SPAIN and PORTUGAL. .eideft Daughter to the Lord Chief Juftice, Don Fernando Martins Mafcarenhas, and Sifter to Don Mancel Mafcarenhas, third Earl of Obidos.

The E arldom o f Sandomil : Mafcarenhas. The Creation of this Title was in the Month of March, 173 2, by King John V, in Favour of Pedro Mafcarenhas, and in Recompencc for the many Services he had rendered that M onarch; having been Captain at Sea and War, Colonel of one of the Regiments with which Peter II. fuccoured Ceuta, Sergeant-major de Batalha, General of Artillery in the Province of Aientejo, and afterwards Gene­ ral Camp-mafter and Governor of Arms in the faid Province, dining the laft Years of the War, terminated by the Peace of Utrecht in the Year 17 r 5 ; he mar­ ried Donna Margarida Juliana de Talora, Daughter to Don Francifco Botelbo, firft Earl of S . M iguel, and the Countefs Donna Cecilia de T avara, his fecond Wife, by whom he had no Succeifion. Tills Houle begun in Martini Vaz Mafcarenhas, Commend ad or o f Aljujlre.l, married to Donna Ifabel Correa, Daughter to Martini Correa (Head Guard to the Infante Don H enri que) ; who was fucceeded by Fernaon Martini Mafcarenhas ; Martini Vaz Mafcarenhas ; another Fernaon Mafcarenhas ■ Pedro Martini Mafca­ renhas, taken in the Battle of A lcacer; Simaon Mafcarenhas, his Son; another Pedro Mafcarenhas ; a third Fernaon Mafcarenhas, efpoufed to Donna Antonia de Bonbon, of the Houfe of the Earls of Areas, which Nuptials produced Pedro M a f carenhas, the abovementioned Earl of Sandomil, Soon after the Grant of the faid Title, his Majefty (jointly with feveral other .Favours) appointed him Viceroy of India ; for the Exercife of which Employ, he fet out on the 25th of A p ril, 1732.

The E arldom o f Santiago: Sylvas, This was ereited into an Earldom, by King Affbnfo VI, in the Perfon of Lou- ren p de Souj'a, his chief Harbinger, and General de Batalha ; He was fucceeded by his Son, Aieixo de Soufa da Sylva, e Menezes, fecond Earl o f Santiago, allo chief Harbinger, and Deputy of the Junta of the three Eftates ; he married with Donna Leonor de Menezes, Daughter to Don Fernando Mafcarenhas, lccond Mar­ quis o f Front eira ; from which Nuptials fprung Lourenco Antonio de Soufa da Sylva e M enezes, third Earl of Santiago (though in his Father's Life-time), by Grant from King John V , in January, 1728. Thefe Noblemen proceed from Ruy de Soufa, Son of the third Matrimony of Ruy Gomes da Sylva, Lord of Cbamufca, whofe Father* Diogo Gomes da Sylva, was fecond Son to Gongolo Gomes da Sylva, firft Lord of Vagos. The Office of chief Harbinger came into this Family, as Dowry with Donna M eda de Nùronha, Daughter to Don Martinho de Cafello-Branco, firft Earl of V illa-N ova, who was married to the faid Ruy dc Soufa.

The E arldom Sarzedas : Sylveiras. The Houfe of the Earls of Sarzedas have for their Root, Don L u iz Lobo, fé- venth Son of Don Diogo Lobo, fecond Baron of A lvito : His Son, Don Rodrigo, Lobo, marrying with Donna M aria de Noronba da Sylveira, Daughter and Heirefs o f Fernaon da Sylveira, Lord o f Sarzedas, and his fecond W ife, Donna Grima- neza Mafcarenhas, became Heir to the faid Houfe of Sarzedas, and in him the two Houfes were thus united. Next followed Don L u iz Lobo da Sylveira ; whofe Son; Don Rodrigo da Syl­ veira, was made firft Earl of Sarzedas in the Year 1631, by K ing P hilip III, who afterwards alfo named him Marquis of Sobreira-Fermofa, though without Effedf, a s this laft Title was given after proclaiming Joìm IY ; he was Counfellor of V o l. IL * 3 G State, a o <5 DISSERTATIONS- ,o n

State, Prefident o f the Senate o f Lijbon, and Viceroy of India,, after having been Captain-general and Governor of Tangier. . , K e was fucceeded by his Son, Don LuizLobo da Sylveira, fecond Earl o f Sar- zcdas, Governor of Algarve, Lnipedtor o f the Revenue, and Counfellor ot State j who was Father to Don Rodrigo Lobo da Sylvetra, third Earl, and Deputy of the Meeting or Junta of the three Eftates, which Death took him from in 1730: Tins Lord, having been Heir to his Mother, Donna Marianna de Lancaftrb, Daughter and Heirefs of joaon Gomes da Sylva, Lord Chief Juft ice, was twice married j the fir f t Adventure with Donna Ignacia de Noronba, Daughter to the Earl of Areas ; the fecond with Donna Bernarda de Tavern, Daughter to the Marquis of Tavora; the former of thefe Nuptials increafed his Family with the Birth of two Daughters, though the laft was without lifue; his eldeft was mar­ ried to Don Affonfo de Noronba, who died in a few Years, without Succeffion; her Sifter, called Donna Tberefa Mar cel Una da Sylveira, remained Heirefs of the Fa­ mily, and efpoufed Antonio Luhs de Tavora, Brother to Bernardo Ftlippe Fieri, the fecond Earl o f ylh o r, becoming by this Marriage fourth Earl of Sarzedas, by a Grant in June, 1730 $ in M arch, 1732, he was difpatched with the Go­ vernment of S. Paulo.

The E arldom c/'Soure: Coftas. This Earldom commenced in the Perfon of Don yoam da Cojla, by Grant from King John IV of whom he was one of the ProcIaimers, and his Counfel­ lor of War, General of Artillery, Camp-mafter-general, and Governor of Arms in the Province of Alentcjo, Ambailador from Affonfo VI, to tire Court o f Prance, Prefident of the ultramarine Council, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Infante Don Pedro. H is Son, Don G il Pannes da Cojla, fucceeded him as fecond Earl of Scare; Commendador (as his Father was) of the Commendas of Befclga, Scare, and Cajlro-marim % and Veador of the Senate at Lijbon, at a Juncture when none but Perfons of the firft Quality obtained thofe Employs. He was followed by his Son, Don Joaon jqfeph da Cojla e Soufa, third Earl of Scare; General de Batalba in the long War (concluded by the Peace of U trecht); and died at D cnia in the Kingdom of Valencia, where the allied and Portvguefe Troops had marched, after taking and quitting M adrid, in the Year 1706, un­ der the Command of the Marquis das M inas: He was poftefied in Right o f his Lady, Donna Luiza Francijca de Tavora, Daughter and Heirefs of Henrique de Carvalho, of that Family Inheritance, jointly with the entailed Eftate of P a ta - lim , and other Rents, befides being Commiiiary o f the W orks in the Palace. From thcle Nuptials lprung Don Henrique Jofeph Francifco Joachim Lamberts da Cojla Soufa Carvalho Patalim , fourth Earl of Sours, and Captain of Horfe in the Province of Admicjo: He was twice married; at firft with Donna Therefa Ig~ nacta de Mojcojb, Daughter of Vffco Fernandes Cefar, Earl o f Sabugoja, by which Adventure he had no Children; though his fecond Lady, Donna Antonia de Ro- haon, brought him a Son, named Don Joaon da Cojla. This Houle had for it’s Root, Don Joaon da Cofla, third Son of Don G ilE a n - 7ies da Cofla, who, befides other Children, had three Males; the firft was Don Alvaro da Cojla, who continued the Name and Houfe of his Father j the fecondT Don Antonio da Cofla, whofe Daughter and Heirefs, Donna Marianna da Cajlro da Cojla, efpoufed Don Joaon Mafcarenbas, Lord of'Entail of Palma; the tlurd, Don joaon da Cojla, Gentleman to King John III, who, accompanying King Se- bajlian, was made a Captive at the Battle of A lca ctr: This Don Alvaro was chief Armourer and Chamberlain to King Manoei, Ambafiador to. tire Court o f Spam, and his Favourite. The Defendants continued fucceflively from Father to Son, m Don Gtl pannes da Cofla; Don Joaon da Cofla; another Don Gil Pannes da . Coflot SPA IN AND PORTUGAL. Cojlas who was Father to Don Joao?i da Cofa, fir ft Earl of Sourc, as aforemen­ tioned. Before the Separation of thefe three Branches, Don Alvaro da Cofa, eldeft Son of Martim Rodrigues de Lanas, had taken the Name of Cofa, from his Mother; fo that the Defendants of this Houfe is from that of Lemos, . Lords of Trofa.

The E arldom o f Tarouca: Menezes. , This Title bEgun by K ing Manoel, who created Don foaon de Menezes, fourth Son of Don Duarte de Menezes (third Earl of V i anna), firft Earl of Tarouca; he lived to fee four Reigns, viz. that of Affonfa V, in whole Time he fenced in A frica , with the Approbation of the greateft Officers of that Age; that of John II, who made him Lord High Steward of his Houfhold, Comptroller of the Revenue, and the Prince’s Governor; that of King who raifed him to the Earl­ dom, as above, and gave him the Priory of Grata; and, laftly, that o f King John III, at whole Coronation he filled the Poll of Alferes mo?-. His Son, Don, Duarte deMenezes (Governor o f India), had not the Title of Earl; nor his Grand- fon, Don Joaon de M enezcs; nor his great Grandfon, Don Duarte de Menezes, Camp-mafter-general to King Scbafian, at the Battle o f AJcacer, where he was taken Prifoner; for, on his being difpatched as Viceroy of India, King P hilip I. gave him the Title o f Earl, but he would not accept it, as it was- not offered de ju r e and of Inheritance. T h e fecond Earl of Tarouca was Don L u iz de Menezes, Son of the faid Vice­ roy Don D urate, who died in the Captainfhip of Tangier, which belonged to his Family from the Time of the firft Don Duarte de M enezes: He was followed by his Son, Don Duarte Luiz deMenezes, third Earl o f Tarouca-, who, going over to the C afilian Monarch, carried his two Sons with him, and had there the Title of Marquis of Penalva. Some Years after, his fecond Son, Don Efevaon, returned to Portugal and, after the Death of his Brother Don L u iz , who had remained in Spain, he became Head of the Houfe of Tai-cuca, but without the Title of Earl. Finally, tills Earldom was renewed in his eldeft Daughter and Heirefs of the Family, Donna Joanna Rafa Marta Agueda dc Menezes; and by her Marriage with Joaon Gomes da Sy ha , fourth Son to the firft Marquis of Alegrete, Manoel Telles da S y ha , he became the fourth Earl of Tarouca; his Lady dying on the 23d of Auguft, 1734: He was Sergeant-major deBatdlba and C’ainp-mafter-general, in

the War terminated by the Peace of Utrecht in the Year j 715. In 1709 (having fome Time before been appointed firft Plenipotentiary of the future general Pa­ cification), he went over to England, encharged with fome Negotiations by Ins Mafter King John V, and the Year' following to Holland, with a fimilar Commlf- fion for tire States-general; and fubfequently was named Ambaffador extraordi­ nary and firft Plenipotentiary from his Portuguefe Majefty to the Congrefs at Utrecht, where, with Don Luis da Cunha (fecond Plenipotentiary) he figned the Peace between that Crown and France, on the 1 ith of A p r il, 1713, and between Portugal and Spain, on the 6th of February, 17 j 5; he afterwards went from the Plague to the Court of Vienna, on fome Affairs for his Majefty’s Service, where he was in the Year 173-5, and then appointed Governor of Anns, and Counfel- lor of War: His Son, Don Efevaon de Menezes, was in the Father’s Life-time fifth Earl o f Tarouca, and efpoufed his Coufin, Daughter to the third Marquis of Alegrete, Manoel Telles da Syha. The Line of the Earls of Tarouca is the fame with that of the ancient Earls pf V i anna, from which .this Branch was feparated in the fourth Son of Don D u ­ arte de Menezes, third Earl of Vianna, as hath been before obferved; and the firft Earl o f Vianna was Don Joaon Afbnfo Tcllo de Menezes, in the Reign of King Peter L The 2>oS DISSERTATIONS on

T'be Earldom o f Val de Reys : Mendoças. The Creation of this Title was by King P h ilip III, in the Perfon of Nuno dé Mendoça-, Tafter to Cardinal Alberto, Archduke of A u jlria , during his Govern­ ment o f Flanders j Governor of ‘Tangier-, Prefident of the Table of Confidence i Viceroy cleft of India (though this he would not accept) ; Counfellor o f State, and Governor of the Kingdom, jointly with Don Antonio de Ataide, firft Earl of Cqfirodairo. His Son, Lourenço de Mendoça, dying in his Father’s Life-time, did not enjoy the Tide : But his Son, Nuno de Mendoça, was fécond Earl of V al de Reys-, Genrieman of the Bedchamber to Prince Theodojiô, Governor o f Algarve-, Prefident of the Senate at Lijbon, and of the ultramarine Council 3 named' In- Ipeftor o f the Revenue (though o f this he never took PoiTefTion, b ÿTeafon of fome Difficulties which offered about Precedency) 3 H igh Stéwàrd to the Infanta Dorm a Ifabel M aria Francifca de Saboya, eldeft Daughter of .King P eter II, and Counfellor of State. He was fucceeded by his Son, Lourenço de Mendoça, third Earl of V a l de Reys, Deputy of the Junta of the three Eftates, Governor of the JuiHces, and of the Council of State: This Nobleman was Father to Nuno de Mendoça, fourth Earl, and Deputy of the Meeting of die three Eftates 3 and, dying on the 3d of J a ­ nuary, 1732, was fucceeded by Ids Son, Lourenço Filippe de Mendoça, who, in his Father’s Life-time, was fifth Ear), by a Grant dated in January, 17283 he mar­ ried in the Y car 173 2, with Donna Joanna de Noronha, Daughter to Don Antonio de Noronha, fécond Marquis of Angeja, who brought him a Male Succeffor the following Year. The Barony of this Houfe is one of the mold ancient in Spain, commencing in the Lords of Bifcay, who for many Years enjoyed this Seigniory, till, by In­ termarriage with the royal Family of C a jlik , it became incorporated therewith. Feruaon Inigues, or Furtado, was a Defcendant of one of the Branches of this Houfe 3 who, in the Reign of King Affoiïjb III, accompanied Queen B r it es to Portugal, where he was Lord of the Honours of Pedrozo ; and in C a jlik , the A p ­ pellation of Furtado diftinguifiied the Family, which at fir if was the Surname ; From this Lord the Mendoças o f Portugal are defeended, by Ray Furtado, Grand­ father of Nuno Furtado de Mendoça, chief Harbinger to Ajfonfo V 3 and from A n ­ tonio de Mendoça, the Laid Harbinger’s fécond Son, fprung Joaon de Mendoça, hi$ fourth Son, who was Father to Nuno de Mendoça, fir if Earl of V al de Reys.

The E arldom o f Valladares : Noronhas. The fiifi: Earl of Valla dares was Don Miguel Luiz de Menezes, Son to Don Carlos de Noronha, and Donna Antonia de Menezes, illegitimate Daughter of Don M iguel de Menezes, ftxth Marquis of Villa-Real, and firft Duke of Caminha-, he had the faid Title and other Rents, by Agreement with King Pedro IL in the Year 1702, by the Right which the Houfe of V illa-R ea l had, after the unhappy Event of the laft PoiTeflbrs of the aforefaid Titles. * His Son, Don Carlos de Noronha, fucceeded as fécond Earl o f Valladares, and was Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King John V, dying on the 8th of F e­ bruary, 1731. In the Life-time of this Nobleman, his, Son, Don Miguel Luiz de Mmezes, was the third Earl of Volladares, and Deputy of the Junta of the three Eftates; who married with Donna Marianna de Cajlelk-Branco, Daughter to the fécond. Marquis of Alegrete. The Lineage of this Houfe is the fame with that of the Earls of Linares, from which a Branch was feparated in the Peribn of D011 Carlos de Noronhai Piefident of the Table of Confidence, and Son of Don Antonio Menezes, Alcaide mor of Vifeu, and Grand fon to Don Pedro de Menezes, who was Son to the firft:. Earl SPAIN a n d PORTUGAL.

Earl o f Linares ; and tills Earl, iecond Son to Don Pedro de Menezes, fifft Mar­ quis o f Villa-Real,

fh e E arldom o f S. Vicente; Cunlias. , The firft Earl of S.Vtcente was foaon Nunes da Cunha, Gentleman of the Bed­ chamber, to the Princes Don fheodofo and Don Pedro, Governor of the Arms of Settaual; King Ajfonfo VI. gave him the Title of Earl in the Year 1666, on nam­ ing him Viceroy .of India, 'where he died during his Government. The fecond Earl y/as ‘Miguel Garlos.de favora, Brother to the firft Marquis of favora , and to the firft Earl of A b o r , in Right of his Lady,- the Conntefs . Donna Maria,Caefana de Vilbena, Daughter and Keirefs to the firft Earl of S. Vicente,. Joaon Nunes da Cunba, as above; this Nobleman* betides the feveral Pofts that he difcharged with great Reputation, was Captain-general of the royal Armada or Fleet, and Counfellor of State, dying m the Year 1736. In his Life-time, foaon Alberto de favora, his Son, was the third E a rl; and, having' married with Donna Be mar da, his Coufin, Daughter o f Antonio Lui-z dr fa v o r a, fecond Marquis o f fa v or a, and exer citing the Poll: of Sergeant-major de Batalba, he died valiantly fighting in the Battle of Brocas, on the yth of A p ril, 1706, without IiTue. And for Want thereof, his youngefl Brother, Manoel de fa v o r a e Cunba, be­ came the fourth Earl of S, Vicente (his Father being yet living), ahd was Ser- geant-major i/r Batalha z t Sea, which lie continued exercifing in 1735. His Son,' M iguel Carlos de favor a da Cunha, received a Grant in the Month o f January, 1728, as fifth Earl, though his Father was yet alive; he married Donna Rofa de A t aide, Daughter of Don Jeronymo de Ataidey eleventh Earl of Atouguta, whofe Difpenfation was celebrated on the 26th oi. September, 1728.. The Pedigree of the .firft: Earl of. S. Vicente, foaon Nunes da Cunha, is' the fatfie mentioned under the Title of the Earls of Povolide, Defendants, from the. CunbaSy ‘ Lords o f Gejla^o and Panoya. This Branch was feparated in the Per- fon- o f foaon Nunes da Cunha, fecond Son to the Governor of India, the great Nuno da Cunba, who lived in the Reign of King Sebafian: He was- followed by Ills eldeft Son, Nuno da Cunha, Lord of the Inheritance of Ladrceiro and of S. Vicente da Beira ; who had for Succeffor, his Son, Joam Nunes.da Cunba-r who. was Grandfather to another foaon Nunes da Cunba, the firft'Earl of S. Vicente-......

. . fh e E arldom ¿/"Villa-Flor: Manoeis, . This Earldom had its Beginning in the Perfon of Don Sancho Manoel, by Grant from .King Affonfo VI, ; who alfo gave him the Lordfhip of V illa -F h r, and. made all de jiir e and hereditaiy in the Year 1659 ; lie was Gouniellor of War and State, military. Gôycmor of the Provinces of Beira and AJentejo, Camp.-mafter-gene- ral near, the .King’s Perfon, Governor of the Houfhold, and of . theRelaçaon of Porto,-and, the; To wen of Belem ; he gained the Battle of A n id xia l, and regained the City. o lE v o ra . He. was. fu.cceeded by his Son, Don ÇhriJlQvaon Manoel, fecond Ear! of V illa- Flor, who left no legitimate Succcflion.- . . r ■ '. : _ ■„ By,his D & ith , MajUim de Soufa de Meneuses became third Earl with this Title, apd chief Butler;orLppbeaxer toeing, Jo/w V,..as Sop of Donna Maria deNo- ronha,. Sifter, and Heirefs to the aforefaid fecond Earl : He, died on the 17th of November,: J fZ ' antî was ' fucçeeded by .Ills Son,. .Luis de Soufa de Menezes M a- noei, fourth Earl o l Villa-Flor-, which Title he enjoyed in;-,the Life-time of his Father^ and; was mariied to a-Daughter of DonforgeMenriyues, .Lord o f, the Al.cdçwas* i ■ ■ ‘ , ‘ " ; 1 ■■■ / vod . ir *■ 3 H 1 ' ■ ■■ This aie» DISSERTATIONS on This Houfe received great Luftre in the Perfon-of Don AntonioManoek yûungeiH Brother to the Earl Don Cbrtßovaon, ele&ed grand Matter of M alta in* 1722 j , ■ which Dignity he was enjoying .in the Year 173.5* The Bai'ony of the firft Earl of V illa-Flor fprings from Don Joaon Manoel, Lord o f B ifiap, who was Father to Queen C on fia nt of Portugal, arid Donna Joanna o f Cajliis^ himfelf being Son of the Infante Don blam ed and Grandfoif > to the King St. Fernando. ■} D on Joaon Manoel, omitting other Dependencies^ was followed by his Son;.\ Don Henri que M anoel de Vilbena, whom King Fernando, o i Portugal made Earl o f Cintra and Cea-y and had, among other Sons, D on Joaon Manoel,- Stock of the Manoeisy Lords o f Cbelles: The Succeffion was continued by his Son,.DbnF io g oi Manoel de Vilbena y and DOn Manoel de Vilbena Manoely his Grandfbn, fécond and-, third Lords of Cbelles j o f this Don Manoely Don Chrifiovaon Manoel de Vilbena- was fécond Son, who had Don Fraud]co Manoel, and he another FovtGbrißovaon- Manoel, whole third Son; was Don Sancbo Manoel, firft Earl öf Villa-Flor, The Stock of Mariim de Soufa de Menezes, third Earl o f V illa -F k r, is that of : the Sonjas, called M andas ; in which Houfe the. Office of chief Cupbearer hath run ever fince the Reign of the Cardinal King Dori H u r t que. ■ . . .

Fbe E arldom o f Villa-Nova: Lancaftros. The Earldom of Villa-Nova de Port imam hath been in various Families ; for,, beginning in that of Caßello-Branco, by Grant from King Manoel tO tDon tinho de Caflello-Bramo, fir ft Earl of Villa-Nova,, it paiTedto the Houfè o f the Earls o f Sorteÿsa, by tire Marriage of Don:L u tz de Sylveira, third Earl of Sor- felha, withDonna M aria de Vilbena (his fécond Lady), Daughter to Don M anoel de Cqflelk-Braneo, and Donna Branca de Vilbena, Earl and Countefs o f Villa* Nova- de Porttmaon* After fome Time the Houfes of Sortelha anàVilla-Novà be­ came united: with that o f the Lane aßros, head Commendadores od M u iz, b y th e Efpoufals of Donna Magdalena de Lancaßro, or de Vilbena, feeOn&Daughter (but ■ afterwards Heirefs) to the faid third Earl of Sortelha, with her Coufin, D on , P e­ dro de Lam aßro, chief Commendador of A v lz , fécond Earl of Ftgüeïrô, .fifth of Sortelha, and o f Villa-Nova de Portimaon : The eldeft Daughter o f this: Earl o f Sortelha, namedDonna Branca de Vilbena, was fourth Countefs of Sortelha, and married with her Uncle, Don Gregorio Tbaumaturgo de Gaßello-Branco ; but, dy­ ing without IiTue, the Title paffed to her aforementioned Sifter, Donna Magda- kna. The Succeffion of Don Pedro was continued in his Son, Don Jofipb Luiz de Lancaßroy third Earl of Figueiro, and Lord of the Earldoms of Sortelha and Villa-Nova de Portimaon', this Nobleman, dying without Heirs, was fucceeded by his Brother, Don Luiz de Lancaßro, feventh Earl of Villa-Nova, head Cont­ ra endadof 0$-Aviz, and Lord o f Sortelha, Figueiro, and Other Lands, who efpouled Donn&Magddkna de Noronha, fécond Daughter of Don Eftevaon de -MeVeZis, and Sifter to Donna Joanna- Rofa M aria Agueda de Menezesy C o u n t y o f Farciiôa. From this Marriage fprung Don Pedro de Lam aßro, eighth Earl o f Villa-NbVO^ who was bom in the Year 1697, and married with Donna Maria-Soßa de Lancaf- tro, Daughter to the firft Marquis of Abrantes, ■ . -1 ' L ' The Male Eine of tlie Earls of Villa-N ova is at preferit in' tlie rtoBle ftâtriüy of the Dukes o fA v eiro ; ■ and' have for Stock, F o ti-L u tz ; de- ■ Làneàfirél third Soa ftrDou Jorge, the legitimated one of King Joh n M , Commonly ealkd-tfte Fuke-* mafl'er,-whomdrried with Donna Magdalena de Granada', Daughter to the-ïrifantO Don Joaon de Granada, Governor of Galicia*. D ' v: ■ D , ■ ;f-L . He was fücceedpd by his Son* Fon-Xeutz de Lancaßro-,-of- the Council ofState, and Comptroller of the Revenue to King P hilip I -y as he was by bis Söü,- Dop FranAfio Lutz de Lancaßro, who vyas in Caßile at the Time of the Acclamation : t h is SP A I N AN D PORTU GAL. ill T h is Noblet^an was Father to Don. “Pedro de Lancafiro, fecond Earl o f FlgueBo, alfeady**fti&ken. of, and Cardinal Vjrifiimo de Lancafiro, Inquiiitor-general, and Counfellor Of State, after having been Archbiihop of Braga t

The E arldom o/" Vim ieiro: Faros* The firifEarl of Vimietro was Don Francifco de Faro*, third Son to another with the fame Name, and his fecond Wife Donna Gmmar de Cafiro, who was feventh Lord o f V i me ir e : His fecond Son, Don Sancbo de Faro, fucceeded him as Lord, o f - Vxfnieiro and A lm n tr e ; but neither he nor his Son Diego de Faro e Sofia; Comptroller o f the Houihold to the Queens Donna Maria Francifca Ifabel de Sa^ 'hoya and Donna M aria Sofia de Neohurg, ever had the Title of Earl: This Lord was fucceeded by his Son, Don Sancbo de Faro, in whom it was however renewed in the Year 1709, by Grant from King John V, and he became fecond Earl of Vi- mieiroywas Governor of the Arms of the Province of Minhb^ Gounfelior of War, and Governor o f Faina, -where he died in the Year 1719, before the-Term of his Government expired. . Ih 1735» L i go de Faro,. Son to the laft mentioned, was then the third Earls he was horn in the Year 1^05, and1, in 1729, was married to Donna M a­ rianna Jofefa de Menezes, Daughter of Diogo de Menezes e Favor a, Comptroller of Queen Marianna o f A f in a 's Houihold. This Family is a Branch of the royal Houfe of Braganga; having-commenced in the Perfon of Don Fernanda de Faro, fecond Son o f Ajfonfo Earl of Faro, who was fourth Son to Don Fernando, the firft of,the Name, ,and fecond Duke of Braganqa; the eld eft ,Bf other of the laid Fernando o f Faro was , Don Sancbo' de No- ron'ha, third'Earl of Odemira. - . . T Don Fernando de Faro had for Succeifor his Son, Francifco de Fdro,- Counfellor of Stale to King Sebaftian, his Ambafiador in Spain, and Inipedtor of the Reve­ nue j who, lofing both his eld elf Sons by Death, was fucceeded by his third,. Francifco de Faro, who, as I have already faid, was the fir it Earl of Vimieiro♦

Fhe E arldom o f Unhaon-r Sylvas. The Creation of this'Title was by King P hilip III, in Favour of Fernaon Felles de Menezes, ninth Lord , o f Unbaon, and other Lands, o f which the faid Prince: made him Earl de ju r e and of Inheritance: He,had for Succeifor his Son, I?c- dtigo Fdies de Menezes e Gafiro, fecond Earl of Unbaon, and tenth .Lord of this Houfe: Don FernandoFelles dc Menezes e Cafiro followed, as .third Earl of Tin- baonr and- married with:Donm M aria,de Lancafiro, Govemeis to King Jobn .V , afterwards Matcliioiiefs' of Unbaon, and firft. Lady of the Bedchamber to ther aboVementioned Queen M arianna of A fin a - , and by this Marriage, the Right, which, the Earls o f Unbaon claimed to -the Succcfllon in the Houfe of Aveiro was confirmed, as the' faid-Marchionefsiwas Grande-daughter to, fh? Marquis e f Gou- ‘u ea,R ot\ Manrique ■ da-. Sylvia, and his: third W ife Donna M arin de Lancafiro, who was Daughter to A v a ro de Lancafiro, third Duke o f A$ie}ro,lm& to his Niecejfo- liana de Lancafiro, whom he efpOufed.; • The Suceeffion o f xBtUnhaon. Family was continued by Don Rodrigo de CaJ- tbo Felles e Mbnezes, Son to the-preceding;, fourth Earl of Unbaon, and twelfth Lord of his Houfe,, Deputy ;of the Meeting o f the, three Eftates' Gentleman of the -Bedchamber to Kin g John V,.Governor and Captain -general of the Kingdom ofi Agorae-, in 1 735,. he was made Counfellor of:War, and in that Year remained w fth■ thoGovernm ent of*:the fante-f he married iint.01 the, Houfe, o f rthe Earls of 8, Vicente, and has Children by his; Lady.' ; , . . ■ Thefe Noblemen are by'Nam e Syhas-,: of the Lords of Vogos: The Branch of the Houfe of Unbaon was feparated therefrom in Fernaon Felles de Menezes, fe- ehild Son tp Ayres Gomes da Syha, third Lord of Vagos, and of his W e Donna B rites ÌZ-12, D IS S E R TATI O N S o n i B r i tes Je Meneuses, from.'whom they took the Appellation.. The Lordihip .of U«- hmn- runs now in. the.Houfe o f Vagos, and'the Hbrefaid Fernaon Telles de Mehezes bore the Title as fourth Earl of XJnhaon ; he was fucceeded by Ruf Telles . de M e- , nezes, Lord High Steward to the Queens M arta and Leonor, fécond and third. Wives to King Manosi, and to tlié Emprcft Donna ifabel-, 'Mamel Telles de Me- ne&eSï third' Son to the preceding ; Fernaon Telles de Menezcs, and anÓflicr. M a­ nici Telles deMenezcs, who died in the Battle of J lc a ce r ,. without enjoying,the* Honours (as it feetns) of his Family ; to which his Brother* Ruy Telles de. Mene- xts? fucceeded, and was Fatherto Fernaon Telles de Menezes^ firft Earl oîUnbàon. .

V I S- C O ü N T I E S.

■ Ti'fWrscouilTY.ç/'AÛeca: Sas. This Title commenced iti''the Pcrfon of M artim Correa.de. Sa :e Ben amides, in the Year lóóófBy Giant from King Affonfo V I, in virtue of d Promife the Queen Regent Donna L u iza had made to his Father* Salvador Correa da Sa, which ihe defiied her Son to comply with; the faid Salvador was* Governor of R io de J a ­ neiro, and Angola, which he recovered from the D utch, and -was C Dun fello n of War in the aforefaid King’s Minority; he was Grandfon to his Namefake,.who lerved valiantly at B rajil in the Time of his Uncle, Mem de Sa ; and, fucceeding to the Government o ï Rio de Janeiro, he peopled S. Scbajiam. H e was fucceeded by his eldeft Son, Salvador Correa de Sa, fécond Vlfcount,- who died without Süccefïion. And, ‘ -By his Death, DiogoGm-rea de Sa, fécond Son of the firft Vifcount, became the third, and was married to Donna Ignez de Lancajlro, Sifter to the prefent Earl of Sdbufbfa ■ his Son, Sebafian Correa de Sa, efpoufed in Augufl, 1734, Donna Clara de Amorim Pereira de Brito, Daughter and Heirefs of Qo n Lour eneo M am el deAmo- ripi-,■ Alcaide mor o f Monçaon* - .

The V iscounty ofBarbacena: Caftros do Rio, Was a Grant from Ajfonfo VI, to Affonfo Fürfado de Mendoca, General of the Artillery and Cavalry, Camp-miafter-general in E fremadura, military Governor in tile Province of Beira in the Divifion o i' P enamacor,-v.nà:Go\c:n\oì: o f the B a ­ hia (where he died in the Year 1675), and Counfellorof W ar. ; ...Lr. His Son, Jorge Furi ado de Mendoca, fucceeded him as fecondVifcount of B a r­ batella, and was Governor o f the Arms o f the Province M B eira, among ‘leverai Employs, which hé dîfchargedwith great Honour ; he married with.DonnaLafs^t de Hohenloe, Maid of Honour to Queeh M aria1 Sofia Ifabel de'-Neoburg, Daughter o f Luiz Gujìavo, Earl of Hohenloe, Prince-of the iacred Roman Empire,, and of Anna Barbara, of the Houfeof Sebo mb am : 'H e was fucceeded byliis Son,; Ajfonfo Francifco Furi ado de Mendoçà,. th e th ird Vifeountywho,, berti g G eneral de B at alba, turned Monk of thè Order of S. BenediSld and -fonie Yeats..after palled ito'V ara- tojo: And, by Cefikm o f his elder Brother, ifothe Year. 173*5,. LuizXavierFur^ fado de Metidoça became fourth Vifcount of '-Ba-rhacena. ^ . *'vr ,. The Name o f this Family comes" from D'ibga de Cafro 'do Rio, who, in'ifhe. Reign of King^oZwIÏR was Lord of theTowrr of Bar.bacenar H e riva s fuecef- htely followed by ‘Martim de Cafri) dç Rio s eerA. LwzeUCaftro fb R io.-, vwhdy dy i ng without IiTué, * was’fucceeded- .by his B roti 1er, fforgs furtadoidé: Mendoçà, ; staking ^ this’Appellation^ffofn lus Ndmeiake aiiftGrandfather,by*'his,;Mofher g-Sid^.vvho ' was -Commendadòr * of the Entrièfo and marri ed.foith Dónn^MatiaMefiAqueA (pi the Lords of Beringel) ; from which N u p tia 1 s dp ru ng Affonfo Fur tado - do ça, tifo aforementioned firft Vifcount-of Barbacela. 7 .fl G a; •• . — -ifon SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 213

■ Lbe V iscounty Villa-Nova da Cervcira : Britos. T h e alphabetical Order hath obliged me to place this T itle here, though theft: Noblemen obtained the Preeminence of Earls, by Grant from Ring P h ilip III-, confirmed by John IV, in the firft Cortes which were held after his afcending the Throne. This Vifcounty hath Jbeen poflcfied by three different Families, ac­ cording to the following Sncceffion. T h e firfi: Vifcount that enjoyed' this Honour, was of the Ploufe o f the Limas, Defc-endants of Fernando Ayres Baticella, who was married-with Donna Lbereja, fecond- Daughter o f DonBcrmudo Peres de Twca, and the Infanta Donna Pare]a, Sifter to: King AJfonfo-Henriques, This Title commenced in Don Lionel de Lim a (by Grant from AJfonfo V,), fe­ cond Son of Fernando Eannes de Lima, Alcaide mSr of Ponte de Lim a, Lord of the Areas de Valdevez, and Ainbaifador in Qajlik: He was fucceeded by his Son, Don Joaon de Lim a, as fecond Vifcount, and head Guard to K ing John II, who was Lather of Don Prandfco de Lim a, third Vifcount, and of King John Ill's Coun­ cil i his Son, Don.; Joaon de Lim a, became fourth Vifcount, and was a Counfdlor to fa n g febajTian; to whom was born Don Francifco de Lima, fifth Vifcount, who only left a Daughter, named Donna Jgncz de Lim a. The Line of the Limas thus fin filling, that o f the Britos fucceeded, and were the fecond Houle that poifefied this Honour, beginning in the Perfon of L u iz de B rito Vfogueira, eldeft Son to Louremqo de Brito Nogueira, a Branch of the Lords o f the Dilates of Santo Lftevaon de Bcja, and of S. Lourenqo de Lijbsa, by the Mar­ riage made with the aforementioned Heirefs to the fifth Vifcount, and by which alfo he became the fixth. H e had for his Sitcceflor, his Son, Don Lourenqo de Brito Nogueira e Lima,, fe- Venth Vifcount, and Comrfellor of State; who was Father to Don L u iz de Lim a, firft Earl of Arcos, by Grant from Philip 1 1 , on his efpoufing Donna Victoria de Borbon, though he never enjoyed the Title of Vifcount: His Son, Don Lourenco Piii-fpe Nogueira de Britfr e Lima, fucceeded him as fecond Earl of Areas, and eighth-Vifcount of Villa-N ova da Cervcira, who died without Heirs. By'his Dteath, Donna Magdalena de Borbon, Daughter to the firft Earl of A r - cos: (the- afoielaid Don L u iz de L im a), and Sifter to the fecond Earl Don Lou- renco, became Heirefs- to that Houfe, and was married to Don Lbomas de No- ton ha,' by Which he- fucceeded to the Title, and was third- Earl of Arcos ; whole Defbeudant-s Kill- poifeis- the Earldom, as hath been remarked in treating on that Family. Lhe VifcOuhty pailbd- on this O’ecafion to Don Diogo de Brito Nogueira e Lima, fixthSOn to Lourenco de Brito; feventh Vifcount, and' lecond Brother to Don L u iz de Lfmety firft Earl O'f Arcos, and Uncle to theCountels Donna Magdalena de Bor­ bon f this-Lord was nnith Vifcount of Villa-Nova de Cervcira, Governor of the ArmR of the Province of Minho, Couniellor of State, Prefidcnt of the Board of Tradhj- aiid Mafter o f the Ho tie-to AJfonfo VI, - H idG lii Id fen- were, Don Manoel de Lima e Vtfconcellos Brito Nogueira, the tenth ViftsiiiftriandDOhLomrjp de Lim a, the eleventh (both dying without Heirs) j aiid'Ddh Joadti F&ndrides de Lim a, the twelfth: The Title continued in Ms Son, D on Lbomas de Lim a e Vafconcellos Brito Nogueira, thirteenth Vifcount, by the De- -eeafeof Ms elder Brother, who died young ; he was.married to Donna M ari­ anna de Hobenke, Daughter of Luiz Gujlavo, Earl of Hobenloe, and Prince o f tire facred Roman Empire,--and- o f AfmaBdrbara, of the free Barons.of Schombom, by whom he had Donfia'MadiaAe-Lima, Heirels of this Houfe-. and in- him termi­ nated tire fecond Fam ily with this Title. And the third commenced in the Perfon of Don Lbomas da Sylva Lelies (fe- Con^Son of F e r n m Lelies da Syha, fecond Marquis o f Alegrcte), by his M ar- V ol. II. * 3 * ria£e 2.T4 DISSERTATIONS on riage with the aforelhid Heirefs, Donna M aria de L im a (who died in 1725, leav- ing a numerous Iflue); which Alliance alfo gave him the Title of fourteenth Vifcount, and a little after, v iz . in the Year 1735, he was appointed Camp- mailer-general.

BARONS.

Baron gf Alvito : Sylveiras-Lobos. Thefe Noblemen are at the famé time Earls of Oriola ; for which Reafon they are commonly intitled Earl-Barons, as may be feen in the Relation about the faid Earls, to which I beg the Reader will be referred, as well as for other Par­ ticulars concerning the Family.

Baron da Ilha Grande; Macedos. The firfl Baron of the Gréât Ijfand was Luiz Gonçalo de Soufa de Macedo, by Grant from King Affonfo VI, in Conlideration of the Services his Father, Anto?iio de Soufa de Macedo, had rendered the Crown ; which made him Judge o f the Court of Requeils, Envoy in England, Counfellor o f the Revenue, and, finally, Secre­ tary of State; He was Son to Gonçalo de Soufa de Macedo, Judge of public Caufes, and of the Crown, and alfo head Treafurer. The aforefaid firil Baron married with Donna Maria de Pavora e Mendoça, Daughter to Francifco Purtado de Men- deçà, Commendador of Borba, who, having increafed her Family, died on the 10th o f A u gu f, 17275 and I find, that, in the Year 1732} their eldeft Son, A n ­ tonio de Soufa de Macedo, was the fécond Baron.

Tilles which were formerly in the Kingdom o f P o rtu g a l, and are now- exiinEl or changed.

T o illnilrate the Hiftory of this Kingdom, and render Things as confpicuous as ^Kiffible, it muil be remarked, that there were formerly in Portugal, Earls without Lands erected into Earldoms, and Earldoms deiritute of Earls, which took Titles therefrom. The ancient Cuftom, as the Earl Don Pedro writes, P it, XI. and XII, was, to call the large Eftates which the Pdcoffomens (rich Men) or Fidalgos (Gentlemen) held of the King, Earldoms ; and for this Reafon, the Pofiefi.brs were ufually called Earls, though not of the Lands they had by Grants. Until die Time of King Peter I, there was but one Earl in Portugal, which Monarch. L\i- was him of Bar cellos, as is feen in the Chronicles o f KmgFemando, cited by the 6t. p^r. 6. lir.iK, cap,4.8. chief Chronologift Fr. Francifco Brandaon j and the firft was Don Joaon Affonfo de Menezes, married to Donna Pherefa Sanches, Daughter of King Sancho III, o f Gaftile, who, going to Portugal, was there made Earl of Bar cellos, by K ing D ennis, in the Year 1298. And it is faid, that in the Tame Reign, the Title of Earl of Albuquerque and Meddhim was given to Affonfo-Sanches, the laid Prince’s illegiti­ mate Son; though the abovementioned Chronologift informs,us, that he was only difiingniihed by the Title of Lord of thofe Towns, in ail the public W rit­ ings, and not by that of Earl.

. Pipes ‘ivbich were formerly in the royal Family. Dukedom of JBeja, Dukedom, of Guimaraens, Dukedom of Coimbra, D u kedo m o f Prançojo, -av.-; Dukedom of Guar da. Dukedom of Fifeu.; ;j

' P i ties AND SPAIN PORTUGAL. a i S titles of the royal Houfe of Bragança. Dukedom of Braganca, with 200 Horfe and 1O00 Foot Soldiers, at hia Dukedom of Barcellos, own Expense, Chron. of Du­ nne Nunes of which was an Earldom of the Mcmxss, Arc. Earldom of Ourem, Leon, o f the Marquifate of Vtlla-vigofa, which has alio been in the Family of sha Me- three Pris cut, mzes and others, P- 35- Earldom of Guimaraens, Earldom of Arrayólos, by Grant fromKing^aif/oV, In 1461, to the Son of Don Fernando) Duke o iBragan^a^ the Earldom of N eiva, firft of the Name, for having gone to Africa, Earldom of P en n a fel.

'Titles o f other Lords, either changed or ex tin £1. The Dukedom of Caminha, in the Menezes, MarquiiTes o f Villa-Real', which were alfo Dukes o f Villa-ReaL The Marquifate of A guiar, in the Earl of Vimiofo, Don Francifco de Portugal, Grandfather to the late Marquis of Valcwqa. The Marquifate of Alenquer, in the Family of the Sylvas. The Marquifate of Cafello-Rodrigo, in the Mouras Corte-Reaes. The Marquifate of Montahaon, in the Mafcarenbas. The Marquifate of Montemor, in Lord Don Joaon, fecond Son o f Don Fer­ nando (firft of the Name), Duke of Braganqa. The Marquifate of Porto-Seguro, in the Lancafros. The Marquifate of Sandes, in the Family of the Torres. The Marquifate of Torres-Novas, in the Dukes of A v oir0; winch hath been fince raifed to a Dukedom, in Favour of the Primogeniture of that noble Fa-, m ily. The Marquifate of Villa-R eal, in the Houfe of the Menezesj Dukes of Ca­ minha. 1 ' ' The Earldom of Ahrantes, in the Houfe of the Almeidas. o f Alcoutim, ------Menezes. o f Alcanede, ------Lancafros. o f Armamar, - - - - - M attos. of Alegrete, - - - - - Albuquerques. of Arravolos, - - - - Cafros. of Afnbofo, - - - - - Mafcarenbas. of Barcellos, - - - - - Menezes. of B o fo , ------Caftros. of Borba, - - Coutinbos. of Cafianbeira, - - - - A i aides. of Caminha, ------Sotto-Mayores. of Caftello-Novo, - - Mafcarenbas. of Cafirodairo, - - - - Ataides. of Cea and Cintra, - - - Manoeis. ¡0 of Faro, ------■ - Faros. of Feira, ------Pereiras...... of Ftcalbo, ------Boryas. of pigueiro, - - -1 - - - Lancafros. ofHorfa, - - - - - ■ Mafcarenbas. : of Idm ha, ------Alca^ovas. oiLavradio, - - - - - Mendo^as, now revived, in the Ho life of the Almeidas,. Earls of Avintis. :; ...... oiLinbares, . - - - - Noronbas, -.rif ■ . of.L ou ie,. - Menezes. ■ ■ o iL u m ta r , ------Mouras Corte-Reaes. o f Mdfarellos, 7 \ - - - The

t .: D 1S'SirE !R'T A T I 0. N ''SI o ' i i " . '

The Earldom of Mariaha/\Xi the. fip u fe o fth e Coutinbos. o f Mattofinbos, - ■ - Sas. o f M ercia , - Schonibefgi ; " ' ' o f Mefquiuil&j : - ' - -Cajlrosl .,. j ' J ’ o f N e h d and Farid) ‘Telit's M enezes, _., ^a. o f Odemrra, - - Nbrdhbas. o f Olivebicd, ' - -;,-- Me/lbs. . ■ ^: t. "V,' o f ' ^ ^ Menezes and Andeiros-. ,- o f Fentitnacdr, - - AlbaqUirques.-' -a ^ :: o f Pane Ha j Yafconcellos ^ . and M enezes. ofPontevel) ’ 7 - Caabas.

o f Porto-Pjco, _ - . - - r ‘ LM caftboL ^ o f iSW-rifc,• 1 “ ; '■* ■ Mifcdritibas. ' o f Sea dim, „ - ■ ■ 'of'Sortella, '-■ '-* J - ' ~ \ ~ "■ • of Tk/'fti P i a, ■* - 1 - P e r e Map.' •’ ■ o f Torre de Moncotvo, - Pereiras, ofTorrcMbdras, ~ ' - - - ; - Alarcoens. - - of Vienna, ------Menezes. I ' of Yilla~Ffania3. .. - - - Cameras. 1 of Villa-Poucd, ^ - - TVZfri e S jh a , of Villa-Real, - -■■ - ■* ^ M en ezef.' I have not mentioned here the Titles which the feings of Cafitle conferred, after K i n g - IV’s AcceJEon to the Throne of Portugal; viz. pu kes’ of Abrantes, to ¡he Lanta/lros j of EJlreinoz, to the.M?//oj; o f L in k ares, to the Noronbos-, o f M af- quilfes o f P enaha to the M enezes; o f Trocifal, and. Earls of, Torres-Vedras,^ to the Soarcs-AJarcosns; o f Earls o f Pernambuco, to fhszAJhuquerques; of Earl of Arada, Lamarofa, and others.

Eefides the Titles enjoyed by the Heads o f HoufeS, f liefe annex thofe apper­ taining to the eldeil Sons, as follows. T h e Dukedom o f Torres-Novas, annexed to the.Houieof die Dukes of Aveiro. The Marquifate of ArroWcbesy annexed .to the Houfe of the Dukes of A la - foens. ■ •f _ t 1 . j The Marquifate of Ferreira, annexed to the Houfe of the Dukes Of Cadapah The Marquifate of .Pontes, in -the Primogeniture of h e M aquis of A i r antes. The Earldom of Cantanbede, in the Primogeniture' of the Mai'quis of M a­ r i ah a . The Earldom of Capelh-Melbor, .Alternative with the Earldom of Calheta. The Earldom of Sy'Joaon,. in-the Houfe of the Marquifie§ of Favor a. The Earldom of Miranda, in h e Houfe of. the MarquiiTes o f Arronches, and Dukes o f Alafoens. . ; The Earldom of Monjanfo, in.he Houfe of.the MarquifTes of Cafcaes. The Earldom of Palma, in he Houfe of he Earls of Obidos, The Earldom of Pendgmaon, . in the Houfe o f the-JVfafqBuiTes of Ponies and Abrantes. , .. . . . - ...o;., ’ The Earldom of Prddo,Tin h e Houfe of the M inas. The Earldom-of Sabugdl,^ m h e Houfe of the Ealls oCPalm a and Obtdas. The Earldom of S M ts C tliz , in the-Houfe-of th^-M ariiies of Gouvea. The Earldom of Tetntn'gMy in- the Houfe of 'the^ MafquhTte of Ferreira, and Dukes o f G a d$ vtsl\ V-: .r; The Earldom of V illa-Y d d e ,rin the-Houfe-of hi'MarijuMes of Angeja. ' ;i The ‘The Earldom of Torri, in the Houfe of the Marquiffes of ProfttcirA. The Earldom, of Villar-Mayor, in the Houfe of' the Marquiffes of Alcgrdc, The Earldom of Vhniofo, in the Houfe of the Marquiffes of Valenti.

Vifcounths extinct. , The Vifcounty of Fonte-Arcada - - - - in Jaques. of Cajldlo^Branco - - ^ - in Caftellos-Brancos, The Honours and Titles of Marchioneffes and Counteffes, which the Kings were aceuftomed to- give occafionally to fome Ladies occupying Employs in the Palace, fuch as the fubfequent: .' ‘ Marchionefs of Akwpier. : ■ - Marchionefs of Caftdlo-Mdhor. ' - -i 1 Marchionefs o f Atouguia* ‘ " : Marchionefs of Santa Cruz. f Marchionefs. of Sours. Marchionefs of Unhao. Countefs of Penalva. The Sons of Dukes are Grandees. The .Daughters of Dukes have the Honours of Marchioneifes. . The .Prior of' Grata fits with the Earls, and1 covers himfelf as they do. In the ecclefiaffical Eftate King John V . endowed the moft illuitrious and moil: reverend Patriarch' of Wejl-IJfbm with many great Prereminences. The Arch-Bifhops have the Honours' of Marquiffes. ' The Biihops, Dignitaries, and Canons of the patriarchal Church enjoy the Honours of Earls.

APPENDIX Von. II, 3 ^ 2j8 DIS S E RTA T I O N S, - -1

APPENDIX III.

Containing a LiJI .of . & Fires and Souls in Portugal.

T H ave now lying, before me an Account of the Hearths and.Souls that this Kingdom contained^ taken in One thouiand feyen hundred and thirty-two, by the.Marquis of Abrantes, Cenibr and Dire£tor of the Royal Academy,- and.fuppofed to be the moft corred extant; which, was I to particularize as he hath done, by diftinguiihirtg all the Pari ib.es and their Inhabitants, I ihould be forced to add many Sheets to this Work, which I omit as hi peril nous to itsPerfeifiop, and ihall, there­ fore, iatisfy myfelf with, only mentioning the Contents of each Province, extracted from the afbreiaid Calculate, with the foie Remark, that, the Marquis having left a few Blanks in it, I have filled them up by Numbers proportioned to the neigh­ bouring Parifhes (and placed all thole Supplements to the Province ofEntrc-Do'uro e M inho) , in which I believe I have not-greatly erred; fo my Reader may pleafe'to take the Abitrait in the fubfequent Lines; P a n jb e s . F ir e s: . Souls,

to contain ,fed } e«* 89,460 SS 3 d 82 de tras OL.Montet ' ■ “ 543 41,608 128,250 of Beira - 1091 149,628 5 25 )I2° o f Kftremadura - “ 313 80,958 296,860 of Alentejo ‘ - “ 354 69,223 265,254 The Kingdom of Algarve - 67 18,873 63,688

3334 449)75° I )s 32)354 Tims I have finUhed my DHTertation on Portugal, and have therein omitted mentioning its Coins, Weights, and Meafures, as my Reader will find them- all explained jointly with thole of Spain and the others of Europe, which renders a Repetition of them here imneceflary and fuperfluouB.

FINIS.