Chapter 21

and

The contribution of sport and recreation to The SASC is responsible for the delivery of gross domestic product (GDP) has increased sport and recreation through its programmes from 1,9% in 1997 to 2% in 1999. Its estim- and those of its clients (the national federa- ated worth is some R15 913 million. If tions). capital expenditure is included, the contribu- The aim of the SRSA is to improve the qual- tion rises to R16 765 million or 2,1% of GDP. ity of life of all South Africans through the Sport and recreation provide employment for promotion of sport and recreation and some 34 325 full-time and 6 140 part-time through participation internationally. It has workers, as well as about 8 000 volunteers. set itself the following objectives: Two separate entities are responsible for • increasing participation in sport and recre- the delivery of sport and recreation in the ation activities country. With the South African Sports • raising sport's profile in the face of con- Commission (SASC) fully functional, the for- flicting priorities mer Department of Sport and Recreation is • maximising the probability of success in now officially named Sport and Recreation major events South Africa (SRSA). • placing sport and recreation in the fore- The SRSA is essentially responsible for the front of efforts to reduce levels of crime. delivery of the Government's role in sport and The provincial governments are responsible for recreation that includes management of the • optimising the usage of facilities through Vote for sport and recreation, inter- and better management and capacity-building intragovernmental relations, interpretation of • policy development, within the context of government policy for sport and recreation, the national sport and recreation policy, transfer payments and legislation. with the principal agents being provincial federations and macrobodies • implementing recreation policy, through the The United Cricket Board runs a very successful Provincial Recreation Councils (PRORECs) development programme. Some 180 schools participate • funding these agencies in the bursary scheme which is aimed at taking • upgrading facilities created by local govern- talented players and placing them in an environment ments for national and provincial events. where they will receive the best cricket coaching and The SRSA focuses on the following: schooling. • promoting sport and recreation policy and its implementation through the SASC, the

507 South Africa Yearbook 2001/02

National Olympic Committee of South Africa • creating opportunities for the most needy to (NOCSA) and the national federations. participate in sport and recreation activities • developing recreation policy, with the most • bridging the imbalances that exist between important agents being the SASC and the rural and urban communities, insofar as PRORECs. accessibility to adequate facilities is concerned • funding these agencies. • contributing towards poverty relief through • researching, auditing and upgrading of the creation of job opportunities. community facilities. The main focus of the Project will be the erec- • developing life skills. The aim of this pro- tion of outdoor and indoor facilities as well as gramme is to assist top athletes to deal with the rehabilitation and upgrading of existing success or failure and to help them prepare facilities. Key elements of this Programme will for the challenges of society. This includes be the provision of training in facility man- media skills, financial management, inter- agement and the implementation of sustain- personal skills and mental training. able maintenance projects. • high-performance sport. This programme Sport and recreation will benefit from the focuses on the following: proceeds of the National Lottery, subject to – raising the profile of South African sport the Lotteries Act, 2000 (Act 10 of 2000). The – ensuring greater success for individuals, Distribution Agency for Sport and Recreation as well as South African teams has been established. The main focus of this – promoting greater representivity Agency is the establishment and consolidation – entering into meaningful government- of thriving, sustainable, mass-based sport and to-government agreements with other recreation structures and programmes, countries. especially in disadvantaged rural commun- One of the biggest challenges the SRSA has ities. embarked on is a three-year programme of This will be achieved through: facility provision through its Building for Sport • the Presidential Sports Awards and Recreation Project. The Project is another • training of sport and recreation leadership phase in government's determination to de- • establishing coordinated partnerships with liver in areas where the needs are the great- learning institutions est. It has set aside R260 million for this pur- • establishing coordinated monitoring and pose. An amount of R40 million has been set evaluation mechanisms aside for the first year with the focus being on • government-to-government agreements contributing towards the alleviation of unem- • a visible increase of national sport and recre- ployment through ensuring a labour-intensive ation structures, activities and physical infra- approach to the provision of facilities. structure Projects have been identified in line with the • providing equipment Integrated Sustainable Rural Development • promoting leagues and competitions Strategy and the Urban Renewal Programme. • concerted efforts aimed at making sport and Through the provision of facilities, the SRSA recreation structures self-sufficient aims to address three fundamentals: • ethics in sport. South African Sports Information Commission (SASC) South African rugby players Breyten Paulse and Percy Montgomery and Hellenic soccer player Brent Carelse appeared in a trilingual educational video on Acquired In November 1998, the SASC Act, 1998 (Act Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) called Men can 109 of 1998), was approved. The Act pro- make a difference. The video was launched in November vides for a commission to administer sport 2000. At the end of October 2000, Paulse was named Rugby and recreation under the guidance of the Player of the Year. responsible Minister. In terms of the Act, a

508 Sports and Recreation , . Diketo , Dibeke Kgati and , Jukskei Kho-kho , Ntjova , Provincial workshops were held, and a workshops were Provincial of establishing a The SASC is in the process Indigenous games will form part of the The Commission's strategic thrusts are to are strategic thrusts The Commission's and recreation vision of sport workshop four-day The SASC conducted a Morabaraba booklet has been developed to empower outlining the aim of A brochure coordinators. was also devel- the Indigenous Games Project is being conducted to com- oped. Research and national resource pile a comprehensive of indigenous games in South Africa. profile for all indigenous games national structure federations. for South Africa Games. The SASC is preparing of the Games, a competi- the reintroduction develop- tion that will slot into the four-year ment cycle, culminating in the . The South will be a culmination games through and provincial of local, regional which participants will have to progress. coordination of sport and recreation are sport and recreation of coordination excellence. with administered • the pro- and coordinate manage, promote • participation in international ensure events • of resources the provision ensure • develop and implement policy • educate and train • a high-performance programme. implement was launched Project The Indigenous Games and popu- to promote on 24 February 2001 that have a particular larise those activities of the South African appeal to vast sectors in rural areas. especially community, co- provincial in April 2001 to empower on the seven games that have been ordinators identified, namely: Projects Sports Information and Science Agency (SISA) launched in November SISA was officially of the SASC. It is 1995 and is now a project committed to the establishment, coordina- tion and application of a world-class informa- tion, scientific and technological resource base, with skills, capabilities, facilities and 509 The police detective from Mafikeng ripped apart the He became the first South African black man to win the According to the SASC Amendment Bill, to the SASC According The vision of the SASC is to lead South On 16 June 2001, Andrew Kelehe broke the grip of foreign runners on the annual Comrades Marathon by winning the gruelling race between Pietermaritzburg and Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. strongest field ever assembled for the classic, in the second-fastest time of 5hrs 25min 51sec. Hundreds of thousands of ecstatic fans welcomed home the 36-year- old South African in Durban after which Kelehe dedicated his victory to the memory of his daughter who died in February 2001 at the age of 18 months. in 1989. Comrades since Sam Tshabalala Information part of the former Department of Sport and former Department of part of the Sports with the National merged Recreation The Com- to form the SASC. Commission of sport the autonomy respect mission must in organisations, while acting and recreational It also the Minister. an advisory capacity to of facilities and the provision coordinates national facility plan via a community centres authorities. relevant in consultation with the Minister has the to the Act, the According members of the power to appoint some the chairperson. The Commission, including suspend and dis- Minister may also remove, Commission started miss commissioners. The operating on 1 April 2000. 8 June 2001, the on which was introduced on the will lose their representation provinces that the Com- Commission. It is proposed the original 30 to 12 mission will be cut from years. for three members, who will hold office while Six will be named by general assembly, The six will be appointed by the Minister. chosen for their latter will comprise three knowledge of sport, one to focus on women in sport, one to focus on the disabled, and rural sports development. one to promote Africa to sporting excellence. In pursuance of a this vision, the Commission seeks to create nation of world-class sportsmen and women opportunities for all South by improving Africans. It also works in partnership with stakeholders by striving to meet their human needs. The SASC and infrastructure resource and that management, promotion ensures South Africa Yearbook 2001/02

equipment to provide services to athletes, experience for children between three and six coaches, technical officials and adminis- years of age. It promotes participation in trators. enjoyable physical activity at an early age to During 2000/01, SISA provided scientific encourage learning and social integration support to 478 athletes through its high-per- and enhance self-image. Skills such as bal- formance programme. In addition, SISA has ance, coordination and rhythm are devel- been requested by the South African oped. Association to sci- entifically prepare the South African team Playsport due to compete in the Commonwealth Playsport is a fundamental motor skills pro- Games in Manchester in 2002. gramme for primary school children. It focus- es on the acquisition of basic skills, providing Dispute Resolution Centre teachers with the resources and strategies to The SASC established the Dispute Resolution address the motor skills of throwing, kicking, Centre on 7 April 2001 in response to the striking, locomotion, ball control, trapping national federations' need for fast, economical and tracking. and private dispute-resolution mechanisms. The Centre has, together with dispute res- Modified Sport olution experts, designed a set of rules that Modified Sport is a coordinated way of adap- provide for strict, fair and expeditious hear- ting adult sport for children so that they can ings. These rules may be used when the develop skills, experience success and enjoy Centre for Arbitration, under the aegis of the their introduction to sport. This means chan- Arbitration Foundation for Southern Africa, ging playing conditions, equipment and rules refers a matter. to suit the needs of young people.

Junior Dipapadi Presidential Sports Awards The Sports Pioneers Programme together with Movers in Action has been merged as In 2001, the annual Presidential Sports one programme, called Junior Dipapadi. The Awards function, for the first time, featured a programme started in 1995 when officials more representative cross-section of South from the NSC and the provincial SRSA attend- African sportspeople being acknowledged for ed training in Australia on how junior sport their achievements in, and commitment to, should be introduced in the country. service in sport and recreation. The SRSA Junior Dipapadi aims at giving all children recognised a number of sportspeople who from the age of three to 14 years the oppor- have never before been afforded the recogni- tunity to participate in sport and recreation. tion they deserve. The SRSA is in the process Children are introduced to a variety of sport of revising the format of the Awards, and codes through play at beginner level. The hope to bring it in line with the various project is divided into three subcomponents: provincial sports awards ceremonies to engender a degree of harmony between the Super Start different ceremonies The Super Start Programme has been dev- eloped in recognition of play and movement Sport organisations NOCSA Information About 41 national federations fall under the In January 2001, Sundowns managing director, NOCSA umbrella body, 28 of which represent Nastasia Tsichlas, made soccer history by becoming the first woman from Africa to be elected to the Federation Olympic sports. Three are winter Olympic Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Committee. sports.

510 Disability Sport South Africa mittee members was also present among the (DISSA) more than 100 visiting delegates. Established in February 1994, the National Paralympic Committee of South Africa's Women and Sport South Africa (NAPCOSA) main objective was to act as the (WASSA) controlling body to recognise the right of the WASSA was launched in 1996 and is aimed at disabled to participate in sports activities at all empowering women to be actively involved in levels. NAPCOSA was recently restructured all spheres of sport and recreation. It is man- through the integration of organisations that aged by a steering council appointed by the were not previously affiliated to it. It is now Minister of Sport and Recreation in 1997. known as DISSA. It is responsible for the selection and fund- Recreation ing of South African national teams attending the Paralympic Games or any world champi- The result of co-operation between Recre- onships recognised by the International ation South Africa, SANREC and the SRSA is Paralympic Committee (IPC). It is the South the South African National Games and African member of the IPC. Leisure Activities (SANGALA) programme. The programme was launched in February South African Institute for 1996 to involve South Africans in healthy Drug-Free Sport recreational activities in the nation-building The main objectives of the Institute are to process. promote participation in sport which is free SANGALA consists of the following: from the use of prohibited substances, to • community – which is targeted at the encourage the development of programmes broad community without any differentia- in respect of the dangers of using drugs in tion in age or status. sport, and to provide leadership in the devel- • training – which specialises in the training opment of a national strategy concerning of community recreation leaders. doping in sport. • corporate – which is aimed at middle and The International Intergovernmental Con- senior management in both the private sultative Group on Anti-Doping in Sport met and public sectors. in May 2001 in Cape Town. At least 10 • senior – which encourages physical activity Sports and Recreation Ministers responsible for sport in their respect- among senior citizens. More than 200 000 ive countries attended. senior citizens participate annually in this Among the Ministers were those of project. Canada, Finland, Nigeria, Sweden, Malaysia, • street – which is a life-skills project for Poland, Norway, France and Pakistan. A homeless children. group of eight International Olympic Com- • RecRehab – which is a project for the reha- bilitation of youth and women in prisons, and trains leaders to present recreational Information activities in prison. More than 1 000 prisoners participated in activities country- At the end of November 2000, the Minister of Sport and wide. Recreation appointed a Task Team to draft a report on the way forward for South African sport. The Task Team The PRORECSs are taking the responsibility of has been mandated to networking with recreation service-providers • identify key strategic objectives for sport and to ensure participation at grassroots level. recreation that will form the basis for developing a The emphasis of recreation delivery is on national sports plan • look at greater unity in sport structures provincial and local level, where people par- • draft a plan that will address a unity of purpose in the ticipate in a variety of recreational activities area of securing resources and high-performance. including indigenous games.

511 South Africa Yearbook 2001/02

2001 sports highlights the title on the 72nd hole. But, after throw- ing away the title on the Sunday evening, the South African sportsmen and women have quiet South African came back and won an delivered the glory in 2001, but there were 18-hole play-off. Goosen's triumph is amaz- also disappointments on and off the sports ing, if expected, among those who know fields. golf. He was struck by lightning as a child, The national soccer team has overcome and the fact that he can swing a club is even their most hectic schedule since readmission, more remarkable than Woods's quiet capitu- and qualified for the World Cup finals in lation. Japan and Korea amid tragedy and the tradi- While Cloete has probably become a mil- tional post-season courtroom relegation bat- lionaire as a result of the series of jumps that tles. The rugby team has beaten the world earned her the world title, she could be for- champions with a new controversial captain. given for dreaming of the Goosen millions, The cricketers were dominant at home but then as the typical 'girl next door' she against Sri Lanka and in the West Indies. The probably does not care about the money that athletes have enjoyed success, albeit limited, much. Despite literally reaching dizzying at the World Championships following the heights on the athletics fields, the farm girl normal selection controversies. from Lichtenburg remains relatively unaffect- Individually, Retief Goosen's dramatic ed by the fame and fortune. United States (US) Open golf victory and Cloete bagged her second global title in Hestrie Cloete's World Championship high the high jump in September 2001 with a bril- jump title dominated the early part of 2001. liant performance at the fifth Goodwill In October 2001, Goosen won the Madrid Games in Brisbane, Australia. It brought Open, with which he also clinched the South Africa's tally of medals at the meeting European Order of Merit. to two golds and one silver, and made it three It says so much about Goosen that after he out of three for South Africa's small contin- grabbed one of the world's most coveted gent of three athletes. Frantz Kruger won the trophies (and ended Tiger Woods's amazing first gold medal in the discus, while Llewellyn run of four majors in a row) the only negative Herbert took silver in the 400 m hurdles on comments about him in the press – South the opening day of the Games. It made South Africa and internationally – were that he had Africa's debut at the Goodwill Games a mag- choked in the dramatic final hour of regula- nificent one. tion play. The modest 32-year-old made him- A few days later Hestrie Cloete concluded self work overtime for the honour (and a the best year of her career when she added $900 000 cheque) after missing a sitter for the IAAF Grand Prix crown to her selection of major achievements for the second time when the IAAF's official track and field com- Information mitments came to an end at the 2001 Grand Prix Final in Melbourne. Her victory with a The SRSA assisted the national Olympic and Paralympic teams that participated in the 2000 Olympic Games in height of 1,98 m was about as easy as in the Sydney, Australia. The achievements of the Olympic team Goodwill Games. were disappointing, leading to substantial review. The Goosen and Cloete deserve the top accol- Minister has instituted a task team to explore, among other things, ways and means to improve performance at ades for the year as much for their perform- that level. South African athletes managed to reach a ances in major competition as for proving record number of 28 finals, but were only able to win five that nice people don't always come second in medals (two silver and three bronze). Of the 23 athletes who won 38 medals (13 gold, 12 the wheeling and dealing world of profes- silver and 13 bronze) at the Paralympic Games, 22 were sional sport. part of the SISA High Performance Programme. The Olympic Games also saw the retirement of Penny But, there was much more controversy Heyns from competitive . amongst the team sports.

512 Setting themselves up for a glorious 2002, among others, battling to keep their places Bafana Bafana qualified for both the World on the lucrative payroll of United Kingdom Cup and African Nations Cup finals despite a teams while representing their country. hectic international schedule. The national The domestic soccer programme has been team played five World Cup and four African far from satisfactory, with Pirates’ league vic- Nations Cup qualifiers, a disastrous Cosafa tory completely overshadowed by the Ellis Cup match, and friendlies, all between Park Stadium tragedy when 43 people were January and July – while the players still had killed in a stampede during the crucial Pirates to find the energy and motivation to rep- vs Chiefs match ... and then the ongoing re- resent their clubs. legation debacle. Coach Carlos Queiroz has added a touch The Premier League was in the position of of class to the national soccer team, and it starting their 2001/02 season with the annu- showed as they booked their flights to Japan al court case and appeals making the fixture and Korea for the World Cup, and Mali for list something of an uncertainty ... and in fact the African Cup of Nations in 2002 with an there were still stories circulating that the unbeaten run in both competitions. aggrieved relegated teams, and those who The year started with a lacklustre African kept their place in the top flight out on the Nations qualifier draw with Mauritius and an field, would both be included in an enlarged equally unimpressive 1-0 World Cup victory league. over Burkina Faso in January, but then, despite The rugby world may not be bedevilled by atrocious conditions, Bafana were able to fixture controversies, but the Springbok rugby secure a solid victory in Malawi a month later. team struggled to a shared series with France A stunning loss to Lesotho in a friendly only before the regular blood-letting began and served to spur on Africa's top-ranked team to Andre Vos was relieved of his captaincy as destroy Mauritius 3-0 in Port Elizabeth in an South Africa prepared to take on and, after a African Nations Cup qualifier before they slow start, destroy Italy. fought to a very creditable 0-1 loss to Italy in Initially Bob Skinstad may have had few Perugia in another friendly. supporters outside Cape Town when coach The suspension of Guinea meant a 2-1 vic- Harry Viljoen threw him into the cauldron as tory over Zimbabwe. The point from Burkina captain, but the outgoing loose forward has

Faso just sealed the World Cup issue before a done little wrong other than lead his team to Sports and Recreation confident 3-0 victory over Malawi in Durban the expected defeat by the All Blacks in the rounded off their campaign to go to Japan opening Tri-Nations Test at Newlands. and Korea in 2002. Australia was expected to be the next to Two draws, 1-1 in Liberia and 0-0 in steamroller the Boks, but with Skinstad grab- Durban against Congo, meant South Africa bing the winning try and young Conrad ended their African Nations qualifications on Jantjes magnificently snatching his opportun- a disappointing note, but even second place ity, the Springboks were able to shock the in the group is good enough to give the team World Champions and give the fickle fans a a chance to regain the continent's premier chance to talk of Tri-Nations glory again. trophy in Mali in 2002. Skinstad did give his detractors ammuni- A loss to Malawi ended hopes of a Cosafa tion when he was sent to the sin bin during Cup victory, but in reality their quarter-final exit the return clash in Perth, but the 14-14 draw meant two matches less, and is probably a in Australia gives hope that maybe Harry blessing in disguise for the overworked players. Viljoen and Bob Skinstad's Springboks are on But the overriding story of Bafana Bafana's their way back to being the best in the world. struggle to qualify is the ongoing player However, a week later the All Blacks beat versus country debate which sees captain the Springboks 26-15 at Eden Park. Australia Lucas Radebe, Shaun Bartlett and Mark Fish, went on to clinch the Tri-nations Cup.

513 South Africa Yearbook 2001/02

The Super 12 gave a clue that the deservedly claimed the Man of the Series Australians were still worthy World Cham- award. The South Africans rubbed in their pions, with the ACT Brumbies brushing all domination with an emphatic 5-2 win in the aside on their march to the final, while the one-day series, and proved that probably only Sharks were almost as impressive as they the potent Australian squad can claim to be strode to the playoffs. The class of the Brum- better than Polly's boys. bies was evident in the final, and when the But a celebratory party in one of the play- Sharks ran out of ideas in the second half the er’s rooms during the Tests included some Australians upped the tempo, leaving the dagga which the team management discov- KwaZulu-Natal-based squad to return home ered. The crisis deepened when all the players with only their pride. were sworn to silence over the issue. Not sur- The national cricket team will have flown prisingly, the story leaked out and the feeding back from their trip to the West Indies feeling frenzy began, with journalists able to get their proud of their achievements on the field, but teeth into both the illegal smoking as well as there was some drug-induced flying off the the attempt to cover up the scandal. field which attracted less honour. Earlier the Proteas had won the Test series Their 2-1 Test series victory meant the against the Sri Lankans 2-0, including a Proteas secured their first victory in the record innings and 229-run victory in the sec- Caribbean and became only the second team ond Test. The one-dayers ended with a 5-1 since 1973 to win a series there. Shaun victory for Pollock and company. Pollock, who only took over the captaincy a In September 2001, South Africa's crick- year before, led from the front as he eters won the Test series against Zimbabwe 1- 0. Jacques Kallis's unbeaten knock – his high- est Test score – completed a remarkable series Information for the batsman, which saw him rack up 388 The South African Boxing Bill was introduced in July runs without being dismissed. This earned 2000. The aim of the Bill is to create a new structure and him a world record for the longest time bat- dispensation for professional and amateur boxing in ting without being dismissed in Test cricket. South Africa, and to provide for interaction between all role-players and the proposed next boxing commission, He was named man of the series. Boxing South Africa. The Boxing Commission will consist In the boxing ring, one of the biggest of not less than four but not more than seven members, events in the country featured two boxers to be more effective. Amateur boxing will be linked more closely with professional boxing, and an interactive from outside our borders. relationship with professional boxing will be established. Lennox Lewis surprisingly lost his world title Boxers, promoters, managers, trainers and officials will be provided with a forum from where they can operate as to Hasim Rahman in an extravaganza that associations in order to promote their interests. gave local pugilist fans a glimpse of the glitz The first Women's Boxing Convention in the history of and glamour of top-class boxing, but the South African boxing took place in Cape Town on 28 April 2001. The following decisions were taken at the exorbitant ticket prices meant few of the real Convention: boxing fans could see the action live. • Women’s boxing will function under the auspices of Another highlight was the epic Fire and Ice Boxing South Africa. • Women's boxing will adhere to the new Boxing Act. clash between Philip ‘Time Bomb’ Ndou and Women boxers will have the option of participating in Cassius ‘Hitman’ Baloyi. Ndou took the WBU boxing as amateurs or professionals. If they do decide to go via an amateur ring first, they will be graded catchweight title by a unanimous decision until they reach the level where they are ready for the after 12 rounds. professional ring. Those who are adamant that they Hestrie Cloete was not the only athlete to are ready for professional boxing will have to undergo a process whereby the Commissioners will evaluate achieve athletics glory in Edmonton. The them by means of exhibition matches and other team of Corne du Plessis, Morne Nagel, Lee- measures. Roy Newton and Mathew Quinn shocked all • There will be no discrimination; the only difference is that women boxers will be required to wear protective but the potent US quartet to grab silver in the gear. 4x100m relay.

514 On the roads, Andrew Kelehe beat the In September 2001, South Africa's junior potent foreign challenge to win both the boys’ team emerged with another medal on Comrades Marathon and the hearts of the the final day of the World Marathon nation after he dedicated his emotional Canoeing Championships in Stockton-on- victory to his 18-month-old daughter who Tees, England, and finished the two-day com- died four months before. Honest Mutsakani petition ranked third in the world. A day after won the Two Oceans, while Gwen Griffiths Shaun Rubenstein won a bronze medal in the was the top woman there to make up for the Boys K1 race, Durbanites Clinton Pretorius poor showing by the South African women in and Brett Bartho grabbed another bronze in a Comrades. thrilling K2 race. But the Comrades itself ended in a surprise In May 2001, South Africa met Italy on the second place when the country's premier hockey field. Man of the series, Greg Nicol, race was usurped two weeks later by the bagged five goals as South Africa wrapped Spar/Mercury Ladies 10 km Challenge. The up their five-match tour against Italy with an women's-only race attracted a massive emphatic 8-2 win at the Randburg Sports 15 870 entries to top the 15 500 of Complex. Comrades and officially become the biggest In the brave, but sadly often unrecognised, race in South Africa. world of disabled and special athletes, Ernst A week before the athletes were getting van Dyk and Terence Parkin have been the some hardware at Edmonton, the swimmers stars of 2001. Van Dyk won the wheelchair were struggling in Japan. South Africa fin- section of the Boston Marathon in 1:25:12, a ished at the bottom of the medal table with a six-minute winning margin. Parkin, one of the lone bronze medal from Roland Schoeman's stars of the Sydney Olympics, skipped the third in the men's 50 m freestyle. The South Official World Swimming Championships to African swimming administrators will be collect three golds at the World scratching their heads as they dream of the in Rome. Parkin set new world records in the glorious Altlanta Olympics and wish for a new 200 m freestyle (1:54,21) and the 400 m Penny Heyns. individual medley (4:29,97) and also won Among the less glamorous sports, Robbie gold in the 100 m in a time of Hunter became the first South African to 1:05,13. compete in the Tour de France and looked to Arnold Schwartzenegger visited South Sports and Recreation be in contention for the prestigious green jer- Africa to appeal to people of the entire sey for the first week, but was forced out of African continent to adopt Special Olympics the tour in the tough mountain stages of the into their communities. Special Olympics is second and third weeks. the largest amateur sports body in the world, Len Jenkins won the Dusi Canoe but at present serves only 25 000 athletes Marathon, and Graeme Solomon paddled to across the entire African continent. In the US victory in the gruelling Berg River Marathon in alone, there are over 20 000 communities July. that have Special Olympics Programmes.

515 South Africa Yearbook 2001/02

516 Acknowledgements

South African Sports Commission Sport and Recreation South Africa Tim Whitfield

Suggested reading Alfred, L. Lifting the Covers: The Inside Story of South African Cricket. Cape Town: Spearhead, 2001. Berkowitz, A. and Samson, A. Supersport Factfinder. 5th ed. Cape Town: Don Nelson, 1997. Bryden, C. Story of SA Cricket, 1990–1996. Cape Town: Inter-African Publications, 1997. Burke, L. and others. The Complete South African Guide to Sports Nutrition. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1998. Cottrell, T. and others. Comrades Marathon Yearbook. Halfway House: Southern Books, 1998. Cottrell, T., Laxton, I. and Willliams, D. Comrades Marathon: Highlights and Heroes, 1921–1999. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball, 2000 Griffiths, E. Bidding for Glory: Why South Africa Lost the Olympic and World Cup Bids, and How to Win Next Time. Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball, 2000. Grundelingh, A. and others. Beyond the Tryline: Rugby and SA Society. Randburg: Ravan Press, 1995. Jarvie, G. Class, Race and Sport in SA's Political Economy. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985. Knowles, R. SA Versus England: A Test History. Cape Town: Sable Media, 1995. Lambson, B. The South African Guide to Cricket With Barry Lambson and Brian Basson. Editor: M. Collins. Cresta: Michael Collins Publications, 1998. Leppan, L. South African Book of Records. Cape Town: Don Nelson, 1999. National Sport and Recreation South Africa, White Paper: Getting the Nation to Play. Pretoria, 1998. Nauright, J. Sport, Cultures and Identities in South Africa. Cape Town: David Philip, 1998. SASC. Taking sport into the future. 2001. SISA. Attitudes and Impressions about Sports Sponsorships among Major South African Companies. Pretoria, 2000. SISA. Drug-related issues in South African sport – an awareness study, 2000. SISA. HIV/AIDS in Sport – Play it safe, 1999. SISA. Sport Facility Provision in South Africa – A Prioritising Model, Pretoria. 1999. SISA. Strategic Framework, Pretoria, 2000. SISA. Impact of Sport on the South African Economy, Pretoria, 2000.

SISA. Research on the participation of women in sport in South Africa, 1997. Sports and Recreation SISA. A Summary of the Contribution of Sport to the South African Society. Pretoria, 2000. Stangen Sports Record RSA, 1990. Randburg: Resources Dynamics, 1990. Who's Who of South African Rugby. Cape Town: Don Nelson, [1996]. Winch, J. Cricket in Southern Africa: Two Hundred Years of Achievements and Records: Rosettenville, Johannesburg: Windsor, 1997.

517