Lanzhou Sustainable Urban Transport Project

Environmental Assessment Report

Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 40625 May 2009

People’s Republic of China: Lanzhou Sustainable Urban Transport Project

Prepared by Lanzhou municipal government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 April 2009)

Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1464 $1.00 = CNY6.832

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank BRT – bus rapid transit CCE – chief construction engineer CO – carbon monoxide CSC – construction supervision company EIA – environmental impact assessment EMC – environmental management consultant EMO – environmental management office EMP – environmental management plan EPB – environmental protection bureau GEPB – Gansu Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau GESDRI – Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute IA – implementing agency LEPB – Lanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau LMG – Lanzhou municipal government NMT – nonmotorized transport NO2 – nitrogen dioxide PMO – project management office PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China ROW – right-of-way (of road) SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SMEDI – Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute TSP – total suspended particles WRB – water resources bureau

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

dB(A) – decibel (measured in audible noise bands) ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter mg – milligram mu – unit of area widely accepted in the PRC 15 mu = 1 hectare PM10 – air particulate matter under 10 micrometers s – second

NOTE

In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 A. Physical Resources 2 B. Flora, Fauna, and Protected Areas 4 C. Socioeconomic Resources 4 IV. ALTERNATIVES 5 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 7 A. Soil 7 B. Solid Waste 7 C. Surface and Groundwater 8 D. Air Quality 8 E. Noise 9 F. Urban Ecosystems and Landscapes 11 G. Trees 11 H. Social Issues and Urban Infrastructure 12 I. Land Acquisition and Resettlement 12 J. Cumulative and Induced Impacts 13 K. Possible Change in Physical Component 13 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 14 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 15 A. Environmental Management 15 B. Environmental Monitoring 16 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE 17 IX. CONCLUSIONS 18

APPENDIX

Summary Environmental Management Plan

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LANZHOU SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT PROJECT INNER MONGOLIA

o IN THE 40 00'N 40 o 00'N PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GANSU NINGXIA

QINGHAI LANZHOU SHAANXI

o 34 o 00'N 34 00'N

o 96 00'E SICHUAN 106 o 00'E ge rid B 'an ANNING DISTRICT Gu

Y ello N w Ri ve r

0 500 1000

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Yin tan Brid ge

id r Q B e i g y L r id i u r t H

n B e e n Yellow River B C A r id in g J e

Provincial Capital QILIHE DISTRICT New Constructed Road Reconstructred Road Bus Rapid Transit Line River Channel Provincial Boundary 0

9 International Boundary - 0

9 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. 4 0

H R

I. INTRODUCTION

1. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) outlines the environmental impact assessment of the proposed Lanzhou Sustainable Urban Transport Project (the Project) in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This SEIA was prepared in accordance with the Environment Policy (2002) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Project is classified as A by ADB’s environmental categorization. The SEIA is based on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) report1 prepared by Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute (GESDRI) based on the feasibility study for the Project of February 2009. The EIA was approved by the Lanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau in February 2009. The EIA was executed under laws, regulations, and standards in the PRC, such as (i) HJ/T2.-1 -93: Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment (General Provisions), HJ/T2.-2 -93: Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment (Air Quality), and HJ/T2.-3 -93: Technical Guidelines for Environment Impact Assessment (Water Quality); (ii) JTJ005-96: Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Construction Projects; (iii) HJ/T19-97: Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (nonpolluting ecological impact); and (iv) HJ/T2.-4-95: Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (Acoustical Environment). The EIA has assessed all known physical components in the current Anning District urban development plan, some of which are outside the ADB-financed project’s scope. The EIA does not include Qilihe District’s bus rapid transit (BRT) extension, whose environmental impact assessment was carried out separately by the project management office (PMO) and project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) consultant.

II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2. Type of Project. This is an urban transport project and includes the following components (see map):

(i) BRT and nonmotorized transport (NMT) network development, including (a) 11 new roads with a total length of 21.6 kilometer (km); (b) four roads with a total length of 12.4 km; (c) road ancillary works including road traffic signs and markings and facilities of road signal control system, barrier-free facilities, bus stations, road lighting, and landscaping; (d) six small and medium-size bridges over floodways (three reconstructed and three new); (e) water supply, drainage, and sewage systems improvement; (ii) utility facilities and monitoring system; and (iii) advanced road user services consisting of (a) public transport priority including BRT and clean development mechanism (CDM), (b) an advanced traffic control system (signal control) and a study on an advanced traffic control system for Lanzhou city, (c) environmental monitoring, and (d) enhancement of institutional capacities. 3. The project’s civil works are broken down in Table 1. Table 1: Civil Works Quantities Item Unit Quantity Cut m3 2,098,322 Fill m3 810,963 Borrow m3 76,061 Spoil m3 1,192,269 Asphalt waste m3 95,090 m3 = cubic meter. Source: Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou.

1 Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou. 2

4. Need for the Project. The Project is for Lanzhou city’s future sustainable development. This urban area development for Anning District is included in the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of Lanzhou City” as a core physical development plan. Construction of the new urban center will help Lanzhou city’s development and will alleviate the Lanzhou city urban area’s existing congestion. Road infrastructure is an important component of the area. The existing road network density in Anning District is very low relative to PRC’s city planning norm (0.71% of total flatland or 1.4 m2 per person). Anning District’s current road network has not been developed under any comprehensive road network plan. Traffic control facilities are outdated. Traffic congestion and accidents are serious issues. The new urban center needs new road construction and reconstruction in order to complete a rational road network. The BRT component will be extended outside the boundaries of Anning District to meet Qilihe District passengers’ demand and from a bus flow prospective.

5. Location. The Project is located largely in Lanzhou city’s Anning District and Qilihe District (only for BRT lanes within existing right of way [ROW]). The planned new urban center has a total area of 4,178 hectares (ha), of which 3,400 ha is in Anning District. Qilihe District is not part of the physical construction area under the new urban center development plan.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Physical Resources

6. Topography. Lanzhou city is located on the Loess Plateau in northwest PRC, in the upper middle reaches of the Yellow River. The city lies in a valley between two mountains with the river passing through it. The construction is sited on smooth and flat terrain with elevations from 1,572 to 1,576 meters (m) above sea level.

7. Geology, Seismic Characteristics, and Soils. The project area is located in an erosion and accumulation type of valley with floodplain bench topography. Several terraces have been developed in the Yellow River basin near Lanzhou. The project area lies on the river’s floodplain, on the first- and second-level terraces. The floodplain is represented by mainly pebble; the first-level terrace by coarse and fine sand, silty soil, and pebble; and the second- level terrace by salty soil, bedrock, pebble, and sand. The first and second-level terraces of the Yellow River are earthquake resistant, whereas the floodplain is unstable for earthquakes. According to the PRC’s earthquake intensity zoning map,2 Lanzhou is taken to be in a grade VIII3 earthquake zone. According to a comprehensive analysis, the earthquake liquefaction risk is insignificant in the project area. Loess, red clay, and chestnut chernozem make up 80% of the soil in the project area. According to the central government, the Project is located in the provincial key soil erosion monitoring zone.4

8. Climate and Air Quality. The project area is characterized by a semi-arid, continental climate. It features dry, cold, and long winters; sandstorms in the early spring; and rains in the transition from summer to autumn. The average temperature is −6.8°C in January and 22.6°C in July. The average wind speed is 0.6 meters per second (m/s) in January and 1 m/s in July. Annual average precipitation is 327.7 mm. Annual average sunshine is 2,520 hours. Among PRC’s major cities, Lanzhou is the most polluted for air particulate matter under 10 micrometers 3 (PM10), at 0.192 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m ), and one of the most polluted cities for

2 China Seismic Research Institute. 2006. The Seismic Intensity Map of China. Beijing. 3 Earthquake of peak acceleration of about 2.5 meters per squire second and peak speed of 0.25 meters per second. 4 Gansu People’s Government. 2008. Notice from Gansu People’s Government on Prevention Zoning of Soil Erosion. Lanzhou. 3

3 5 nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (0.052 mg/m ). It ranks poorest among the PRC’s cities by the number of days when air quality is equal to or worse than grade II (205 days). In February and August 2007, Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute (GESDRI) carried out a study of air quality baseline in four representative points of the project area for seven pollutants: sulfur dioxide, NO2, total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and non-methane hydrocarbons. It concluded that TSP concentrations were considerably above the standard regardless of heating or non-heating season, while PM10 exceeded the standard only during the heating season. Sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations mostly complied with the standard, whereas NO2 concentrations were episodically exceeding the standard in several monitoring points.

9. Hydrology. The Yellow River dominates the hydrology of Anning District. The river is regulated by the Liujiaxia Dam, located 70 km upstream from Lanzhou city. The width of the rivers ranges from 200 m to 500 m and depth from 1.5 to 3.0 m. The average river gradient is more than 1%, and flow speed in a dry season is over 0.5 m/s. It is reported that from 1986 to 1999 the average annual flow rate was 894 m3/s, and average amount of sand in the river was 1.57 kg/m3. According to monitoring data from the Lanzhou Environmental Monitoring Station (2007) for the Lanzhou stretch of the Yellow River (low-water period), only fecal coliform, volatile phenol, and average petroleum exceed standards while the other 20 parameters of water quality are within the standards. There are four debris flow channels (sloots) in the project area: Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot, Lou Ti Sloot, Shen Sloot, and Jiandi Sloot. The groundwater table in the project area ranges from 5 m to 15 m. A class II water source protection area is located in the southwest part of the project area.

10. Noise. The project area belongs mostly to a class II and partly to a class I function zone of ambient noise standard for an urban area (GB3096-93). Areas adjacent to road (50 m from the ROW for class I and 35 m from the ROW for class II) are classified as class IV. For sensitive receptors, the noise level standard of 60 decibels [dB(A)] in daytime and 50 dB(A) in nighttime is applied. Specifically, when a road passes through class I zone, even within 50 m from the ROW, the above standard should be applied for sensitive receptors. When a road passes through class II zone, the above standard for sensitive buildings should be applied within 35 m from the ROW and the class II standard for those areas outside of 35 m. All noise standards are defined by outdoor noise measurement.

11. GESDRI carried out a survey for noise levels (L10, L50, L90, and Leq) in Anning District at 12 points for night and day in February 2007. It concluded that the standard for urban regional environmental noise for a class II function zone is met and acoustic environment quality is good. Additionally, GESDRI organized monitoring of 26 noise-sensitive receptors (schools, universities, and hospitals) located in the project area. The results show that among 26 sensitive receptors, noise levels exceed specified standards in 11 (42.3%) by 0.2–7.8 dB during daytime. At night, among 16 receptors,6 noise levels exceed the standard by 0.6–17.6 dB at nine (56.3%). A separate survey of noise levels was conducted for a road near Jiaotong University, and the noise level meets the requirements of a class IV function zone within 50 m in daytime and within 100 m at night. The survey result indicated that the nighttime noise is more serious than the daytime noise.

5 National Bureau of Statistics. 2008. China Statistical Yearbook 2007. Beijing. 6 The measurements were conducted for 16 sensitive receptors.

B. Flora, Fauna, and Protected Areas

12. Flora. Semiarid grassland is dominant in the project area. Some 18 families, 27 genera and 43 species of flora are reported, with mostly shrubs and sub-shrubs scattered in the hilly area. Herbaceous plants are mainly xerophyte, including wormwood, camel thorn, crested wheatgrass, Asiatic plantain, yellow wormwood, and Russian wormwood. Planted vegetation is mainly larch, Chinese pine, spruce, arborvitae, poplar, willows, acacia and sophora.

13. Trees. An environmentally sensitive area involves a community of old fruit trees growing in Majiazhuang village (7 ha, 80 Ruanerli pears), Zoujiazhuang village (4 ha, 50 Ruanerli pears), Cuijiazhuang village (5 ha, 40 Ruanerli pears), and Anningbu village (47 ha, 900 jujubes). According to the survey made by the Lanzhou University, in total there are 343 trees of different species including 336 jujubes, 6 Ruanerli pear trees, and 1 paulownia within the ROWs of the planned roads. According to the field survey, the old trees7 are represented by only jujubes. The number of old trees within the ROW was assessed as 160. An estimated 2,600 trees grow on separation belts and medians of project roads, of which 640 can be affected by the proposed project (BRT component). Additionally, the BRT component can potentially affect 280 trees located at separation belts dividing motorized from nonmotorized traffic on Gunhuang Road in Qilihe District. The number of trees located within the ROW of new and reconstructed roads was assessed as 600. Of these, around 300 were assessed as trees worth relocating.

14. Fauna. No carnivores are known in the project area. Dominant fauna in is represented by associations living on grasslands and farmlands. Herbivores include rabbits, pheasants, sparrows, and small rodents. The floodplains to the south of the project area along the Yellow River provide wintering ground for over 1,000 migratory birds of more than 20 species.

15. Protected Areas. Renshou Mountain Forest Park is located several kilometers northwest of the road. The park protects more than 50,000 trees, including arborvitae, spruce, Japanese pagoda, and peach, as well as over 50 sorts of flowers. The northwest part of the project area is in the vicinity of the Lanzhou Botanic Garden, which covers an area of 530 mu and accommodates woody plants representing 123 species of 40 families and 74 genera including endangered ginkgo, metasequoia, and others. The south part of the project area is located several kilometers from the urban Yintan Wetland Park.

C. Socioeconomic Resources

16. Population. The 2007 population of each subdistrict is shown in Table 2. Anning District’s total population is 225,859, of which 199,528 (88%) is urban and 26,331 (12%) rural. The population of Qilihe District is 501,900 (2007). Most of its subdistricts are almost completely urban, except for Anningbu, which is 100% rural. The female population of the district is 47.8%, but reaches as high as 56% in Yintanlu. Anning District’s average household size is 4.0 people.

7 According to a Lanzhou Municipality’s ordinance, trees older than 100 years should be protected. 5

Table 2: Population of the Project Area Subdistricts Total Non Agricultural Agricultural Female Sub Total Number district Population Persons Percentage Persons Percentage Persons Percentage Households Peili 13,117 59,721 53,451 89.50 6,270 10.50 29,734 49.79 Shilidian 1,807 4,715 4,713 99.96 2 0.04 2,620 55.57 Xilu 24,259 110,460 105,388 95.41 5,072 4.59 48,769 44.15 Liujuabu 2,809 7,934 7,932 99.97 2 0.03 4,215 53.13 Kongjia'ai 2,436 7,106 7,103 99.96 3 0.04 3,867 54.42 Yintanlu 2,131 5,842 5,840 99.97 2 0.03 3,279 56.13 Anningbu 3,509 9,789 0 0.00 9,789 100.00 5,151 52.62 Shajingyi 6,369 20,292 15,101 74.42 5,191 25.58 9,602 47.32 Total 56,437 225,859 199,528 88.34 26,331 11.66 107,237 47.48 Source: Lanzhou Statistics Bureau. 2007. Statistical Year Book 2006. Lanzhou.

17. Land Use. Anning District covers 8,679 ha and Qilihe district 39,492 ha. Flatland in Anning District takes in 4,300 ha. Among Anning District’s total area, the land for agricultural use is 2,505.08 ha (28.86%); the land for construction is 2,693.8 ha (31.04%), and the unutilized land is 3,480.61 ha (40.1%). The land in the project area is 4178.09 ha, of which 1,046.71 ha, or 25.05% of the total, is for construction; water area and land for other purposes covers 3,131.38 ha, or 74.95% of the total. Land planned for transportation purposes amounts to 68.65 ha, or 6.56% of land for construction.

18. Agriculture. The agricultural sector in the project area is located mostly in Anning District and is declining. The gross annual value of agricultural output in Anning District in 2004 was CNY38,082,400, which was 9.38% less than in the previous year. The area occupied by vegetables was 14,960.68 mu, which was 516.68 mu less. The fruit-growing area was 5,067 mu, dropping 120 mu. The yields of vegetable and fruits were 47,375 tons and 6,541 tons, dropping respectively by 23.25% and 21.77%.

19. Culture and Education. Anning District is a recognized center of education and culture. There are 17 universities, colleges, and polytechnic schools in the district with total students and staff exceeding 80,000. There are 15 high schools, 1 vocational school, and 24 primary schools with about 20,000 students. Some 26.5% of the population has a high school education. There are four sports arenas, libraries, and other institutions of culture. In Qilihe District, there are Gansu Industrial University, Gansu Construction University, and Gansu Chinese Medical University.

IV. ALTERNATIVES

20. No-Action Alternative. The project roads will permit Anning District’s urban road network to cope with traffic demands expected in association with urban development foreseen in the Lanzhou City Master Plan. Without-project components, the road network will have insufficient capacity for total traffic demands and have severe traffic congestion. Therefore, the no-action alternative is not viable.

21. No BRT and NMT Network Development. Without NMT and BRT network development, the construction and development of Lanzhou New Town will not be supported by construction of the improved road network. In this case, constantly growing traffic on the existing road infrastructure will gradually create a serious impediment to socioeconomic development, manifesting itself as traffic congestion, travel delays, road safety problems, and air and noise pollution. Therefore, it has been determined that no NMT and BRT network development is not a reasonable course of action.

22. No Utility facility Component. The proposed component is a shallow underground watertight structure that will provide space for piping, cables, and wires for delivering utilities. The consequence of not implementing this component will be inefficient access to and maintenance of the utilities, potential environmental problems such as groundwater and soil contamination in case of pipeline failure, damage to tree roots during repair work, risk of other utility damage during repair work, and risk of utility damage due to corrosion and freezing. Therefore, the no utility facility component alternative is not viable.

23. Old Tree Alternatives. The proposed alignments of two roads (north–south road and west–east road) pass through a community of old trees. Lanzhou Municipal Gardening Bureau and Grassland Agricultural Science and Technology Institute of Lanzhou University made a survey of this area and have proposed three alternatives:

(i) No Project Option. Old trees' relocation cost can be very high, exceeding CNY10,000 per tree. Old trees are large and their roots are deep. It usually takes 3 years to relocate a tree with roots to a new place in order to increase the survivability. Although the relocation can be carried out even within 1 year, the survivability can be put at risk, relocation is more complicated, and costs will be increased. From the viewpoint of protecting old trees, it is better to avoid the road alignment’s passing through the community of old trees. The two roads are important elements in the Anning District road network, however, and their absence may greatly reduce the efficiency of the whole project. Therefore, this option is not viable.

(ii) Modification of the Alignment. The north–south road is 60 m wide and 520 m long. At its east part there are mainly small rivers and valleys with no old trees or other important architecture on the sides. This road can be moved eastward and narrowed.

(iii) Tree Relocation. This alternative was proposed as preferable by the Lanzhou Municipal Gardening Bureau. It implies no change in the alignments of the two roads and the following actions are to be taken: (a) a certain area of permanent protection zone for the community of old trees should be set up within the location area of the old trees to ensure that the old trees within the protection zone can really be protected; (b) meanwhile, those old trees still in good health within the road construction area should be relocated to the protection zone; (c) ancient trees on the lane separator and sidewalk of new roads should be preserved as much as possible; (d) cutting down the trees that are unable to survive after relocation must be approved by the department in charge and go through relevant procedures; and (e) the PMO should work out the specific implementation plan and submit it to the Anning district government and Municipal Gardening Bureau for approval.

24. After comparing these options, number (iii), tree relocation, was selected for the old trees inside the ROW.

25. Road Location Alternatives. One of the major issues in route location for the eastern part of the east–west road comprised potential impacts of the road on the mosque and resident minority group (Hui) or, alternatively, relocation of 88 small leasehold shops. In total, seven alternatives (including doing nothing) were examined. The most optimal solution would be to 7 relocate small shops, and compensation can be provided to the affected people according to the project’s resettlement plan.

26. Several road geometry alternatives were considered in order to improve road safety. At the east–west road’s east end junction (on the north edge of the project area), for example, two road geometry alternatives were examined: alternative 1 (as specified in the master plan) and alternative 2 (proposed by the PPTA consultant). The basic issue is the poor geometry of alternative 1. Specifically, the northern leg approaches the four-way intersection from a skewed angle so that the centerlines do not share a common tangent across the junction, and there is no curvature incorporated into the original design to smooth that crossing alignment. Alternative 2 involves (i) modifying the alignment of the east–west road to place it slightly closer to the edge of the slot and change the location and radius of the curvature, and (ii) including a minor modification of the connection road approach. Alternative 2 has been adopted.

27. Bridge Alternatives. Three alternatives for new bridges were considered: prestressed concrete hollow slab girder, “T” girder of prefabricated and post-tensioned technique, and simply supported small box beam in prefabricated and post-tensioned technique. The prefabricated post-tensioned “T” beam has advantages of not only cost-efficiency but also advanced engineering process, short construction period, and low construction cost. Therefore this alternative was selected. As for existing bridges, two methods were examined: (i) to remove old bridges and build new ones, and (ii) to reinforce the existing bridges. From the viewpoint of cost- efficiency and practicability, reinforcement of the existing bridges was selected.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Soil

28. Construction Stage. Soil-related impacts of the Project will include loss of productive soil, erosion, and soil contamination. Loss of farmland relates to new road construction and will total 735.94 mu. The loss of farmland will be compensated as defined in the resettlement plan for the Project. Soil erosion can mostly occur due to the disturbance and exposure of large amounts of earth and materials to erosive processes. The potential sources of erosion are cut and fill activities for constructing utility facilities, roads, rechanneling of Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot (about 600 m), small bridge structures over channels, and clearing construction area. Mitigation measures include such preventive and mitigation construction practices as minimizing areas of soil clearance, selecting less erodible materials, planting vegetative cover immediately after fill placement, and finishing discharge zones from drainage structures and channel embankments with riprap. Rechanneling of the Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot should be carried out only in dry season. Contamination of soil comprises accidental spills of petroleum products and hazardous materials. Development and implementation of a spill management plan will be required.

29. Operation Stage. No significant environmental impacts to soil are anticipated during operation of the road. Monitoring of stormwater runoff and soil will be carried out along these roads during the operation stage.

B. Solid Waste

30. Construction Stage. The Project generates a large amount of spoil and construction waste due to utility facility construction, road construction, and demolition of houses. This totals 1,192,300 m3 of spoil, 95,100 m3 of asphalt waste from road reconstruction, and 52,400 m3 of waste from house demolition. If this waste is not managed in a timely manner, it can seriously

8 impact on the urban ecological, hydrologic, and landscape environment. Three alternative dump sites have been assessed: borrow pits to the north of Binhe road, the railway marshalling yard, and Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot urban disposal site. The borrow pits of the Huangjiachun section of Binhe road were not restored during its construction and affect the visual quality of the landscape. These can be used as a dump site for the Project’s spoil provided that hydrologic investigations show no risk of groundwater contamination. The railway marshaling yard has a large capacity, presents no risk of groundwater pollution, and can be used as an alternative disposal site. However, this should be coordinated with the Ministry of Railways. Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot urban disposal site will be used for dumping demolition waste.

31. Operation Stage. No significant impacts are anticipated. Maintenance of the urban road should be organized, including to clean roads and drainage systems, collect solid waste, etc.

C. Surface and Groundwater

32. Construction Stage. Impacts to the hydrologic environment are anticipated mainly as water quality degradation due to exposing large amounts of soil to erosion processes (especially in the June–September rainy season), potentially contaminating surface and groundwater with fuel and chemical spills, discharging wastewater from the equipment maintenance shops, and discharging sewage from construction camps (predicted as 11.25 m3/day from a camp). In addition, Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot can affect the embankment of road construction, especially in case of mudflow. For roads located in a class II water source protection zone, no construction camps, construction equipment repair sites, mixing plants, or cleaning sites for equipment should be set near such area. To avoid contaminating water sources from accidental failure of sewage and stormwater pipeline networks, these pipelines must be designed to higher standards and ground sections under these pipeline networks must be insulated. During construction of utility facilities, accumulated runoff or groundwater will be pumped off the site and discharged into a permanent drainage system through silt traps. Utility facilities near the class II drinking water protection zone of Lanzhou city should be designed with insulation. A groundwater channel should be applied where the water table is expected to rise due to potential blocks in the groundwater flow. Mitigation measures in relation to Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot (watercourse rechanneling) will include rock riprapping of the banks. Civil works contracts will contain provisions to avoid adverse impacts on water quality, including to develop and implement a spill management plan. Water will be regularly monitored during construction.

33. Operation Stage. No significant impacts to surface or groundwater are anticipated. During the operation stage, proposed upgrading and construction of new roads with improved drainage systems will reduce erosion from the roadway and result in minor water quality improvements.

D. Air Quality

34. Construction Stage. Potential air quality impacts during the construction stage are due to asphalt plants, exhaust gases generated by construction machinery, and odor nuisances. Dust will be generated during demolition, loading and unloading operations, excavation, transportation, and piling of building materials. It may have cumulative impacts. Mitigation measures will be environmentally friendly construction practices and such best available pollution control technologies as the following: machinery and equipment will be fitted with pollution control devices; trucks carrying earth, sand, or stone will be covered with tarps to avoid spilling; road surfaces, excavation, and construction sites will be sprayed to keep them moist; demolition sites will be covered; transportation of dusty materials will be arranged in such way 9 as to avoid busy, heavy traffic, and residential areas; for environmentally sensitive road sections, nighttime transportation can be arranged; and timely removal of spilled earth. Preconstruction monitoring of existing ambient air quality will be undertaken to provide a baseline for the monitoring of air quality impacts during the construction period.

35. Operation Stage. Projections of impacts from transport emissions (CO and NO2) to air quality have been conducted, as stated in Specifications of the EIA for Highways (JTGB005-96). Emission source intensities were calculated for the project roads for 2013, 2015, 2020, and 2025 using with-project and without-project scenarios. Daily average emission source intensities were calculated, as well. It is projected that, in general, under unfavorable weather conditions concentrations of pollutants (NO2, CO) will be higher in the “without-project” case than the “with- project” case. CO concentrations for all road sections outside the ROW do not exceed the standard. Peak NO2 concentrations under unfavorable atmospheric conditions exceed the standard for 12 road sections only in the short term. Concentrations of CO for all the road sections outside the ROW are within the standards. The peak NO2 concentration exceeds the standard at Gansu Political Science and Law Institute in the short and medium terms (in the 0.0226 mg/m3–0.4638 mg/m3 range), but around the classroom building it does not exceed the standard. The concentration of NO2 exceeds standard at Veteran’s Nursing House in the short and medium term, with the range of 0.0169–0.0.3190 mg/m3, but it is within the standard around the apartments. For other sensitive spots, the concentrations of NO2 are within the standards at all times. CO concentrations are small, and far less than the ambient air quality standard (grade II) at all sensitive spots. Under typical meteorological conditions, all predicted NO2 concentrations are within the standards at the roadsides and the sensitive spots.

36. Lanzhou City’s human activities, including industrial activities, transport, and households are affecting the city’s air quality. Therefore, the project’s air quality mitigation measures will be carried out along with other sectors’ air quality improvement measures by Lanzhou municipal government (LMG). Compared with the no-action scenario, the project road network will significantly reduce the traffic congestion in the district. Also, the BRT component will reduce the total transport demand and thereby its air pollutant emission.

37. Other road transport sector mitigation measures at the Lanzhou city level include continuing the policy of converting motor vehicles to compressed natural gas and enforcing the inspection and maintenance program by the Vehicle Emissions Control Department under the Environmental Protection Bureau of Lanzhou. At the project level, implementing such project subcomponents as the public transport priority (BRT), advanced traffic control, and environmental monitoring will contribute to vehicular emission control and, therefore, will reduce impacts on people’s health. The air quality monitoring network will be designed for the Project to monitor vehicular emissions and provide information for environmental planners and decision makers. The environmental monitoring component includes the system for the remote sensing of vehicle exhaust that will considerably build up the capacities for road-side emissions testing and reduce the workload at vehicle testing stations. Such landscape engineering measures as planting trees will contribute to a reduction in air pollution.

E. Noise

38. Construction Stage. Significant noise impacts on the urban environment are anticipated from such heavy construction machinery as excavators, bulldozers, graders, and dump trucks in the construction stage. A number of sensitive receptors located at distances of 10–280 m from construction sites were identified. Prediction was made as to noise levels as a function of distance from different types of construction machinery. The distances within which

predicted levels of noise exceed the standard for urban regional environmental noise for classes I and II are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Distances Exceed the Standard during the Construction Daytime Nighttime Distance Exceeding Distance Exceeding Category Standard dB(A) the Standard (m) Standard dB(A) the Standard (m) 150 500 Class I 55 45 50 150 80 250 Class II 60 50 30 80 Note: Upper rows are without reducing effect and lower rows are with reducing effect of buildings. Source: Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou.

39. As construction activities can occur at much shorter distances than those specified in Table 3, a number of mitigation measures is recommended, specifically:

(i) Source controls. All exhaust systems will be maintained in good working order; properly designed engine enclosures and intake silencers will be employed; and regular equipment maintenance will be undertaken.

(ii) Site controls. Stationary equipment will be placed as far from noise-sensitive receptors as practical, selected to minimize objectionable noise impacts, and provided with shielding mechanisms where possible.

(ii) Time constraints. Construction activities should be prohibited in class I and class II areas from 11 pm to 6 am. Construction activities near schools and universities will be scheduled largely outside studies time.

(iv) Community awareness. Public notification of construction operations will incorporate noise considerations; methods to handle complaints will be specified; and construction near sensitive receptors will be coordinated with administrations of these organizations.

(v) Baseline and routine noise monitoring. Preconstruction noise monitoring will be undertaken to provide a baseline for measuring impacts during the construction period. Routine monitoring will also be required in areas of high potential impact during the life of the Project.

40. Operation Stage. Noise level projections have been made in accordance with the model given in the Specifications for Environment Impact Assessment on Highways (JTJ 005–1996) for 2013 and 2020. Predictions were made for the project roads and sensitive points. For the sensitive spots on the upgraded roads, and compared with the existing monitoring values, the added value of noise projection is 0.01–2.79 dB in year 2013 and 0.01–4.33 dB in 2020. For the new roads, the added value is high, about 3.21–7.03 dB in 2013 and 3.66–8.42 dB in 2020. According to the prediction for the new roads, six large sensitive receptors have been identified where noise levels will exceed that specified by the noise standard. The number of other sensitive receptors along the new roads where noise levels will exceed the standard in the nighttime was assessed as 2,800 households. As for the roads to be reconstructed, 62 sensitive receptors have been identified where noise levels will exceed the standards in 2013 and 2020.

41. For all sections and sensitive receptors where noise levels will exceed the standards, tailored noise mitigation measures have been prepared in order to comply with the noise standards. The major mitigation measures proposed for the new roads include roadside noise barriers and soundproof windows. A roadside barrier with noise reduction effect of 6–10 dBA is proposed for the section near the Lanzhou Power School, where the nighttime noise level exceeds 7.1 dBA. Asphalt pavement with noise reduction effect of 3–5 dBA is proposed for the road sections near the residential areas where excess noise levels are less than 3 dBA. For areas where noise exceeds by more than 3 dBA, soundproof windows with noise reduction effect of 8–15 dBA are proposed. Two alternatives were considered for the roads to be reconstructed: (i) soundproof windows, and (ii) combination of soundproof windows (in sensitive locations) and low noise asphalt pavement for major roads. Although option (ii) is more costly, it has been proposed as more preferable as replacing a substantial amount of windows will create great inconveniences and affect people’s lives. Among other mitigation measures proposed are prohibition of nighttime truck and heavy vehicle traffic on the six streets where substantial noise levels are projected, planting a tree and shrub belt along the road, relocating existing sensitive receptors to less noisy environments, and avoiding to plan new sensitive receptors near major roads.

F. Urban Ecosystems and Landscapes

42. Construction Stage. Short-term impacts on urban ecosystem and landscapes are anticipated during the construction stage. Construction works will impact on aesthetics and the city’s landscapes, specifically in the areas of houses demolition and earthworks. Large amounts of construction waste can impact the hygienic environment and landscapes. Construction dust can settle and contaminate such areas adjacent to construction as parks and gardens. Mitigation measures include restricting construction works to construction sites, halting earthworks during heavy precipitation, timely cleaning of construction sites, and replanting trees where possible.

43. Operation Stage. The Project will have an impact on urban ecology and landscapes. Whereas before the Project the urban ecosystems are mostly represented by agricultural and urban ecological communities, it is expected that after the construction equilibrium will be shifted toward urban communities. Farmland where vegetables, fruit trees, and orchids are grown will decrease. Poor biodiversity of the ecosystem will be reduced even further. Provided that comparatively small areas planted with widespread fruit trees and vegetables will be acquired, however, no significant impacts on the urban ecosystem are expected. In addition, planting trees along the roads, landscape afforestation, grassing and bedding will be undertaken to increase biodiversity, enhance urban landscaping and aesthetic value, and reduce noise and emission pollution. No rare or endangered flora or fauna occur in the project area, and no impacts to such species are anticipated. No considerable impacts to Lanzhou Botanical Garden, Renshou Mountain Forest Park, and Yintan Wetland Park are anticipated, as these are located outside the project area.

G. Trees

44. Construction Stage. The Project will potentially impact three groups of trees: a community of old trees(in total 343 trees, of which 160 old ones will be affected), trees located on the separation belts and medians of five roads (an estimated 960 trees will be affected),8 and other trees located within the ROWs of eight roads to be reconstructed (around 600 trees will be

8 Caused by the need to redesign the road for BRT.

12 affected). The issue of the community of old trees has been discussed in detail in paras. 23–24, and relocation of trees has been proposed as an option. The trees located in Gunhuang Road are healthy; they can be relocated to roadsides of the new roads. Trees located in the ROWs of the new roads are partly in good condition. The trees in good condition will be relocated and unhealthy or dead trees will be felled. A tree management plan will be developed based on the recommendations of the Lanzhou Gardening Bureau. It will include a site-specific, detailed tree inventory, as well as procedures and schedule for tree relocation and conditions for felling. The plan will also define the location of the protection zone for the old trees, locations for other trees to be moved, as well as procedures and monitoring to increase the survivability rate.

45. Operation Stage. The trees will have positive environmental impacts on urban landscapes, contribute to soil erosion control, improve air quality, and create microclimate. To some extent, roadside trees also provide noise protection. In total, 13.93 ha of trees will be planted under the Project. This includes 10.35 ha that will be planted in patches of green land in scenic areas and 2.79 ha along the project roads. Some 0.79 ha will be relocated trees.

H. Social Issues and Urban Infrastructure

46. Construction Stage. Urban traffic congestion can occur due to construction activities or increased construction machinery traffic on some roads during rush hours. The traffic on the two major east–west roads is busy in rush hours, and these roads can cause traffic jams. The construction can cause temporary interruptions or increased loads for such urban systems as water supply, natural gas pipelines, sewerage, energy, communication lines, and heating. The impacts on urban traffic will be temporarily and manageable, provided close cooperation with the relevant urban infrastructure departments will be established. Temporary electric and water supply schemes should be developed in coordination with the relevant authorities to supply construction works with electricity and water. The PMO will develop a traffic management plan to prevent congestion and traffic jams by consulting with the Traffic Control Department under the Public Security Bureau. Information on the urban construction status will be provided through television, radio, and newspapers. Bulletin boards will be set up to publicize the objectives of the projects, construction timetable, and grievance hotline. Safety measures will be adopted for pedestrians’ and residents’ safety and convenience. These will include footbridges, fences, and appropriately situated lighting.

47. Operation Stage. In the operation stage, the Project is anticipated to have positive impacts on the social environment and urban infrastructure. Conflicts between NMT, motor vehicles, and pedestrians will be minimized; traffic bottlenecks will be relieved, and the number of road accidents will be reduced. Promoting BRT will improve the flow of people, shorten travel times, and improve travel efficiency. Adverse health impacts associated with road traffic will be reduced by minimizing vehicular emissions and noise. The Project will have a beneficial impact on Lanzhou’s investment competitiveness and attract more investors. Improving transportation systems in Anning District will positively influence the economic value of Anning property. Aesthetic value of the district will improve.

I. Land Acquisition and Resettlement

48. The Project will acquire and occupy 1,827.41 mu of land and 402,236.26 m2 of houses. In total 2,066 families and 288 units will be affected. The land to be acquired is as follows: 735.94 mu of farmland (all is irrigated, will be acquired permanently, and occupies 40.27% of the total to be acquired); 391.13 mu of household land, which makes up 21.40% of the total land acquisition; 462.41 mu of other land, which makes up 25.30% of the total; and 237.93 mu of 13 state-owned land, which makes up 13.02% of the total. According to the assessment, demolition and relocation will impact 7,972 people from 2,066 households. Some 2,645 persons of 779 households will be affected by farmland acquisition, and 5,761 people from 1,409 households will be affected by demolition. Some 288 enterprises and organizations will be affected by the demolition and relocation of 38 commercial enterprises.

J. Cumulative and Induced Impacts

49. Ambient air quality in Lanzhou is poor. Levels of TSP and PM10 repeatedly exceed those specified in the ambient air quality standard. Pollution sources include such local sources as energy, industry, and transport, plus regional sources such as sand storms. Construction activities can increase concentrations of particulate matter near the construction sites. In the operation stage, increased traffic volumes will cause further pollutant emission. All these may result in growth in the rates of respiratory diseases.

50. Traffic volume on the main road between the city center and Anning District in the with- project case will be about 20% greater than the traffic volume in the without-project case. Part of this increase is due to traffic demand of commuters between districts. The future traffic volume estimate did not take into account the effect of buses’ increase speed associated with BRT. If BRT is operated successfully, the speed of buses will be increased and the percentage of bus users among commuters should be higher than currently. The BRT system also will have positive impacts on traffic flow on the road and will alleviate environmentally adverse impacts associated with increased traffic volume. In addition, LMG is carrying out citywide air pollution and noise monitoring. If unexpected adverse impacts are observed, adequate mitigation measures will be implemented.

51. As a mitigation measure, a strategic approach aimed at decreasing air pollution in Lanzhou is being implemented by LMG as follows:

(i) shutting down several factories that emit large amounts of pollutants in Lanzhou,

(ii) clean energy action focused on reducing emissions from industrial and energy sources of air pollution,

(iii) Clean vehicle action concentrated on the conversion of public transport and taxis in Lanzhou to compressed natural gas, and

(iv) a program for afforestation of the mountain slopes around the city.

K. Possible Change in Physical Component

52. In case of a possible change in any physical component (such as a road alignment change or additional physical component), the following measures will be taken: (i) for a minor deviation in a physical component, the environmental design engineer will propose mitigation measures and incorporate these into the detailed design drawings; and (ii) in case of a major deviation that may cause significant environmental impacts or affect additional people, the implementing agency (IA) will conduct additional environmental assessment, including public consultation. The revised EIA report will be submitted to Lanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau (LEPB) following government procedures; and (iii) the PMO, in consultation with ADB, will determine whether a deviation is minor or major.

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

53. Estimates of the environmental costs of the Project during construction and operational phases are shown in Tables 4 and 5. The environmental costs total CNY43.683 million ($6.378 million), or 1.294% of the Project’s total cost. The social costs of the Project total CNY949,069,750, including CNY186,868,370 for land acquisition, CNY545,114,651 to compensate for housing, CNY118,260,141 to compensate for business loss, CNY14,958,444 to compensate for trees and land attachments, and CNY77,868,155 to compensate for infrastructure.

Table 4: Environmental Cost during Constructiona Item Cost (CNY) Cost ($) A. Mitigation 1. Acoustic Environment (temporary 16,551,000 2,416,592 acoustic screens, sound barriers, Soundproof windows)b 2. Water Quality Control 1,100,000 160,610 3. Air Quality Control, including air 6,250,000 912,555 Quality monitoring system 4. Ecology (relocation of trees, 12,442,500 1,816,715 Landscaping) Subtotal 36,343,500 5,306,472 B. Environmental Monitoring during Construction 1. Air quality 50,000 7,300 2. Acoustic environment 60,000 8,761 3. Construction wastewater 40,000 5,840 4. Monitoring of land ecology 30,000 4,380 5. Monitoring of resettlement areas 100,000 14,601 Subtotal 280,000 40,882 C. Environmental Management and Supervision 700,000 102,206 D. Capacity Building: Training in 460,000 67,164 Environmental Management Total 37,783,500 5,516,725 a The cost estimates do not include contingencies, interest during construction, taxes. b The cost of low noise asphalt is included in civil works costs. Source: Gansu Environmental Science Design Research Institute and project preparatory technical assistance consultant.

Table 5: Environmental Cost during Operationa Item Annual Cost Total Cost for 20 Years CNY $ CNY $ A. Environmental Management 220,000 32,122 4,400,000 642,439 B. Environmental Monitoring 40,000 5,840 800,000 116,807 C. Capacity Building 15,000 2,190 300,000 43,803 D. Contingencies 20,000 2,920 400,000 58,404 Total 295,000 43,073 5,900,000 861,452 a The cost estimates do not include contingencies, interest during construction, taxes. Note: Predictions for the period of 20 years (2014–2033); implementation agency for environmental protection: PMO and Lanzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. Source: Gansu Environmental Science Design Research Institute and project preparatory technical assistance consultant.

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Management

54. Various organizations with different environmental management responsibilities have been involved during project preparation and implementation, and they will continue to be involved in the environmental management plan (EMP). Major organizations are Gansu Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (GEPB), the PMO, LEPB, IA, EIA team, environmental management consultants (EMCs), construction supervision companies (CSCs), design institutes, and contractors. The PMO, contractors, and IA will nominate full-time trained and qualified environmental specialists to undertake environmental management activities for effective implementation of the EMP. An environmental management office (EMO) will be established under the PMO. Each construction contractor will have a designated environmental representative who will be responsible for coordinating with the EMO. Table 6 shows environmental responsibilities in different stages of the Project.

Table 6: Environmental Responsibilities Phase Responsible Agencies Environmental Responsibilities Preparation EIA Team Prepare EIA for components PMO, LEPB Review and approve the EIA Design Design institutes Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering designs and contracts PMO, IA Review and approve environmental measures Tendering Contractors, PMO (EMO), IA Incorporate EMP clauses into the bids Construction EMCs, PMO (EMO), IA Advise on implementation of mitigation measures Contractors, CSC Implement mitigation measures and internal monitoring LEPB, IA Implement compliance monitoring LEPB, IA, EMCs Supervise implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring Operation EMCs, LEPB Advise on compliance monitoring and internal monitoring requirements IA Implement mitigation measures and internal monitoring LEPB, IA Implement compliance monitoring IA, LEPB, EMCs Supervise implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring CSC = construction supervision company, EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMC = environmental management consultant, EMO = environmental management office, EMP = environmental management plan, IA = implementing agency, LEPB = Lanzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, PMO = project management office. Note: EMCs appointed for project implementation will advise the PMO and IA on carrying out their environmental responsibilities. Source: Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou.

55. An outline EMP is presented in the Appendix. The IA ensures that the relevant contents of the EMP will be included in all construction bidding documents. The EMO, IA and LEPB will be responsible for ensuring that the contractors comply with provisions of the EMP during both construction and operation as well as for updating the EMP, as required. The EMO will be responsible for updating the EMP if there is a change in physical components.

B. Environmental Monitoring

56. The EMO will prepare a separate detailed environmental monitoring plan for each stage of the Project. The environmental monitoring plan has been included in the EMP. The EMO will ensure that the environmental monitoring plan is updated, as required, during project construction and operation. In addition to that of the project owner, environmental monitoring will be undertaken by such independent authorities as Lanzhou and Gansu environmental protection bureaus (EPBs), the Forestry Bureau, and the Water Resource Bureau. The EMO will be accountable for coordinating all environmental monitoring activities, including to bring together all monitoring results. The EMO will establish and maintain a database of all environmental monitoring data from each construction package.

57. Monitoring of the EMP implementation will be executed by a specially contracted external monitoring agency (private consulting firm or nongovernment organization). The agency will monitor mitigation of environmental impacts in the field and process data from the EMO’s monitoring database. The agency will perform baseline monitoring at the preconstruction stage and routine observations during construction. The external monitoring agency will report to ADB and the IA once every 6 months. A framework for the environmental monitoring plan and an estimate of the external monitoring budget are given in Tables 7 and 8.

Table 7: Environmental Monitoring Framework Monitored Impact Responsibility Environmental Risk Air Quality GEPB/LEPB Impact to urban air quality Noise GEPB/LEPB Impact to sensitive receptors Impact to surface and Water Quality GEPB/LEPB/Lanzhou WRB groundwater Soil Lanzhou WRB Soil erosion Flora and Fauna Lanzhou Forestry Bureau Impact to flora and fauna Social Impacts GEPB/LEPB Grievances GEPB = Gansu Environmental Protection Bureau, LEPB = Lanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, WRB = Water Resource Bureau Source: Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou.

Table 8: Details of External Monitoring Costs Unit Cost 2010 2011 2012 Total (CNY Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Cost Item Quantity Unit 1,000) Survey Survey Survey (CNY) Task 1: Noise, Air and Water Monitoring Monitoring Expert 12 month 40 480 480 480 1,440 Data Entry 12 month 25 250 250 250 750 Clerk/Secretary Task 2: Land Ecology Monitoring (including relocated trees) Monitoring Expert 1 month 40 40 40 40 120 Subtotal (task 1 and 770 770 770 2,340 task 2) Other Costs Per Year Travel 1 lump 70 100 100 110 310 sum Report Preparation 1 lump 20 20 20 20 60 sum Translation 1 lump 40 40 40 40 120 sum 160 160 170 490 Total Cost 930 930 940 2,800 Source: Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou 17

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE

58. The first round of public consultation was initiated in November 2008 and completed in December 2008. It included a survey based on a questionnaire and informal consultations with stakeholders including an online survey on the Internet. In November 2008, the BRT plan in Qilihe was consulted with the district government and major stakeholders. Qilihe District’s communities and residents were informed about the plan by the local government and PMO at small meetings in December 2008.

59. The questionnaire was provided to 100 randomly selected potentially affected people from the project area, and feedback from 97 respondents was obtained. Survey participants represented different age groups, social status, occupations, educational levels, and genders. The results of the survey are shown in Table 9. As can be seen from the survey, most of the stakeholders assessed the state of the transportation system in Anning as poor and, in their opinions, narrow roads comprise one of the major drawbacks. A vast majority of people believe the Project can help to solve this problem. The most serious environmental problems at present are transport safety, congested roads, noise, and dust. In some people’s views, safety of pedestrians should be given special attention during construction. All of the respondents expect that conditions at least equivalent to those at present will be proposed as compensation in case of resettlement. Most see the outcome of the Project as a good transportation system.

Table 9: Results of the Survey of Project Stakeholders Persons Question asked Response Replied Percentage What is your opinion as to the transport in Anning excellent 15 15 District? good 74 76 poor 5 5 What do you think are the problems of the roads? terrible road surface 55 57 narrow road 8 8 roads occupied by buildings 20 21 bad road facilities 33 34 Do you think that the project is good? Yes 97 100 No 0 0 I do not care 0 0 What do you think is the major environmental noise 21 22 problem? dust 14 14 transport safety 80 83 congested roads 60 62 What do you think are the problems to be addressed not to destroy the trees on both 37 38 during construction? sides of the roads not to pile building materials 44 45 randomly pay attention to the safety of 16 17 pedestrians In case your house needs to be resettled due to road proper compensations and 15 15 construction, what is your attitude toward the keep the same life standard resettlement? Proper compensations and 82 85 better life should be offered No resettlement 0 0 What advantages do you think the improved roads good transport 90 93 can offer you? promising economic 18 19 development a safe trip without transport 30 31 incidents Source: Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou

60. A second-round environmental public consultation meeting was conducted on 11 March 2009. Summaries of the EIA were provided to the Project’s stakeholders 3 days before the meeting. In total, 20 representatives from the Green Camel Bell (nongovernment organization in Lanzhou), affected villages of Qianzhuang, Luanzhuan, Gejiaxiangdao, Zoujiazhuang, Wujiazhuang, Majiazhuang, Cuijiazhuang, Kongjiaai, Anningpu, and Yintan participated in the meeting. The topics of the meeting included potential environmental impacts and relevant mitigation measures and resettlement issues. Issues raised by the public included management of solid waste during construction, traffic noise during operation, landscaping, old tree protection, resettlement of vulnerable groups, gender issues, compensation options, resettlement transition period issues, and capacity building. The issues were clarified by the PMO with assistance from PPTA consultant.

61. Before construction, the IA will have public hearings regarding construction activities for Anning District. At the meetings, detailed measures to prevent adverse impacts on the people’s daily activities due to the construction activities will be explained. The major issues in the hearing will be construction noise, dust from the construction sites, management of traffic for the roads’ reconstruction, and alternative access methods for the road users and shops along the roads under reconstruction. Similar public hearings will be held in Qilihe District before the BRT lane installation works.

62. In accordance with the Notice of the Gansu Province on Application of the Temporary Rules for the Public Participation and Consultation, two representatives from the general public volunteered as public supervisors for environmental issues.

IX. CONCLUSIONS

63. The Project is essential for Lanzhou’s future development, but it has potential adverse impacts. The Project addresses Anning District’s sustainable urban development through its road network implementation and traffic management system. It will provide a key premise for the district’s sustainable development. By sharing the city functions with the existing urban center, Anning District’s development will contribute to the sustainable development of the entire Lanzhou city. The Project includes three components for urban traffic sustainability: (i) development of the BRT and NMT road network, (ii) utility facilities, and (iii) smart road user services. The estimated total cost is CNY3,368.39 billion ($492.84 million equivalent), which includes environmental cost of CNY43.683 million ($6.378 million, or 1.294% of the total cost.) The estimated construction period is 4 years. Possible alternatives, including a no-action alternative, have been examined and the optimal physical implementation plan was selected. The EIA revealed that the Project could have adverse environmental impacts on (i) soil, (ii) air and water quality, (iii) the acoustic environment, (iv) urban ecosystems, (v) communities, (vi) economic activities, and (vii) society.

64. The EMP will reduce adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. It includes tailored environmental protection measures for all potential environmentally adverse impacts, a detailed monitoring plan, and the estimated environmental protection costs. It also designates each relevant organization’s environmental protection responsibilities. The EMP ensures implementation of the environmental mitigation measures and monitoring during construction and operation. Therefore, the Project will be implemented in an environmentally sound manner and will effectively contribute to the sustainable urban development of Anning District and the future development for Lanzhou.

SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 1. Preconstruction 1.1 Alignment The recommended alignments are selected Feasibility Throughout the Before SMEDI LMG, PMO Selection and based on the Lanzhou Municipal Master Plan study and project areas construction Design and Lanzhou Municipal Transport Plan that EIA, SEIA starts were determined through comparison of various alternatives so as to minimize geological risks and avoid adverse impacts. 1.2 EIA and Feasibility Study 1.2.1 EIA and Public Ensure that public consultation has been EIA, SEIA Throughout the Before EIA GESDRI on LEPB Consultation conducted on environmental issues, poverty, project areas approval behalf of PMO and resettlement during the project design and environmental impact assessment preparation. 1.2.2 Prime Farmland (i) Land use plan will be modified and approved Legal Permanently For item (i) PMO Ministry of rotection before construction starts. require- acquired prime before Land (ii) The same amount of prime farmland will be ments farmland within construction Resources, reclaimed to replace the prime land ROW starts, for Gansu permanently occupied by the Project, or a item (ii) Provincial compensation fee will be paid for reclamation during or Land according to PRC regulations. before Resource construction Bureau 1.3 Design 1.3.1 Social The design of the Project should provide for EIA Project areas Operation IA LEPB Environment local enterprises, institutions, and residents. It period should consider a smooth linkage of project roads with existing ones. Road design should meet the demand of enterprises, institutions, and residents along the alignments for crossing, commuting, and traveling to school. The design of bus stations, garbage bins, and public telephone booths should be human- oriented to provide convenience for users as Appendix well as all kinds of pedestrians. Pedestrians include normal people, children, senior citizens, and the disabled.

Environmental Responsibility 20 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 1.3.2 Dust from Include in technical specifications good All construction SMEDI PMO pedx Appendix Construction construction site practices related to dust sites Activities control described in the SEIA, such as daily effective dust suppression by watering of unpaved areas and stockpiles, covering of stockpiles, vehicle speed control. 1.3.3 Noise from Include in technical specifications good All construction SMEDI PMO Powered construction site practices related to noise sites Mechanical control as described in the SEIA, such as the Equipment during use of low-noise equipment and temporary Construction noise barriers or hoardings, and regular maintenance of equipment. 1.3.4 Wastewater from Include in technical specifications good SMEDI PMO Construction construction site practices related to Workers, construction site drainage and wastewater Construction Site management as described in the SEIA, such as Runoff perimeter drainage ditches, sedimentation tanks, and portable chemical toilets. 1.4 Construction Preparation 1.4.1 Environmental Prepare environmental clauses in bidding Civil works Throughout the Before IA PMO Clauses and documents and technical specifications; contract project corridor tenders for Specifications for reference this environmental monitoring plan documents contractors Contractors (EMP) and monitoring table and their technical specifications 1.4.2 Environmental Preparation of an environmental operation and EIA, SEIA Through the Before Contractors IA, PMO Operation and supervision manual by the contractors, as project corridor construction Supervision required by the contract, for approval by the IA starts Manual 1.4.3 Complaint and Establish a complaint and information office SEIA Throughout the Before Contractors IA, PMO Information Office before starting construction. project corridor construction Ensure that staff at that office is well trained to starts handle crisis situations or conflicts with residents arising from environmental impacts. 1.4.4 Environmental Environmental specialists will be invited to Contract Before IA PMO Protection Training provide training on implementing environmental Terms and construction mitigation measures and supervision to relevant Conditions, starts persons. EIA, SEIA

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 1.4.5 Resumption of Establish a resettlement office comprising local Resettlement The Land and Before IA PMO, Land and Property government officials to manage the resettlement plan, EIA and property as commencing Anning process. project defined in the resettlement District Conduct community consultation programs and requirement resettlement plan activities for Government ensure information is disseminated about (i) and (ii) and street entitlement being based on the Land committees Administration Law. Ensure that all relocation and resettlement Before activities are reasonably completed before construction construction starts on any section of the project starts for (iii) road. 1.4.6 Old Trees According to the preliminary survey made by EIA, SEIA Along Before EIA GESDRI on LEPB Protection the PMO, in total there are 343 trees of different #T532(#530) and approval behalf of PMO Lanzhou species including 336 jujubes, 6 Ruanerli pear #T532(#516) Forest tees and 1 paulownia within the ROWs of the Bureau planned roads T532# and T577#. According to the field survey, the old trees are represented by only jujubes. The exact number of old trees within the ROW was assessed as 160. A permanent protected areas for the community of ancient trees should be set up within the location of ancient trees to ensure the ancient trees within the protected area can really be protected. Meanwhile, those ancient trees that are in good health within the road construction area should be relocated to the protected area. The ancient trees on lane separators and sidewalks of the new roads should be kept as much as possible. Cutting those trees that will be unable to survive after relocation needs to be approved by the

department in charge and to go through the Appendix relevant procedures. The PMO should work out a specific implementation plan (tree management plan) and submit it to the Anning district government and Municipal Gardening Bureau for approval. 21

Environmental Responsibility 22 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 1.4.7 Other Trees Trees located on roads #T514(#514), #T514- Legal RPW Before any Contractors, in IA, Lanzhou pedx Appendix Protection 1(#514-1), and #T514-1(#514-2), totaling requirements ground- consultation Forestry around 640 trees and located on the separation breaking with local Departments between motor vehicle and non-motor vehicle forestry lanes will be affected at the section from Qi Li departments He Bridge to Peili Square and partly up to the Anning Government Building. In case any trees within this area will be affected, the proposed mitigation measure will be replanting of these trees to roadsides of such new roads as #T580(#580), #T550(#550), #S554(#571), #S556(#572), #S569(#510), or #T571(#502). Trees are located within the ROWs of new roads including #T571(#502) (between #B584 and 590#, and between 576-1# and S578(#578)), #S569(#510) (between 576-1# and #T550(#550)), #S583(#518) (between 570- 1# and Binhe road (N), and #S568(#576) and #S554(#571)), as well as #S554(#571) and #S556(#572). The total number of affected tees in all the locations was assessed as 600 (with around 300 valuable trees) that can be relocated to roadsides of the new roads such as #T580(#580), #T550(#550), #S554(#571), #S556(#572), #S569(#510), #T571(#502). Before any groundbreaking, selected contractors must prepare a vegetation replanting layout on a topographic map of the site (e.g., detailed design base map) showing replanting area, type of replanting, and maintenance program to be undertaken.

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 1.4.8 Utility Relocation Make full preparations before construction, Legal Refer to utility Before Contractors, IA, PMO and including comprehensive surveys of the roads, requirements location drawings construction Anning concerned electricity supply, and communication. Plan starts concerned government cooperation with the relevant departments in departments agencies setting up demolition and relocation. Traffic management schemes should be established in advance. Potential emergency situations related to the Project and their potential effects and mitigation should be examined. Relocate all utilities prior to commencing construction on any section of the project road subject to prior approval of the concerned agencies. 1.4.9 Environmental Each contractor will complete environmental Contract Construction Detailed Contractors with IA, Lanzhou Screening of New screening of any new access road and provide specifications sites design stage assistance from EPB Construction Site a list of necessary mitigation measures. SMEDI and Access Roads Prepare a sketch map of all existing roads to be environmental used as access routes to construction sites. specialists 1.4.10Environmental In case of slight deviation from alignment (or EIA law Entire project When there PMO, SMEDI, LEPB, ADB Impact Analysis additional physical component), mitigation area is an IA due to Deviation of measures should be proposed and incorporated alignment Alignment or New into the detailed design drawings by the deviation Physical environmental engineer. Component In case of major deviation from alignment (or additional physical component) that may cause substantial environmental impacts or involve additional affected people, the PMO should form an EIA team to conduct an additional environmental assessment and public consultation. The revised EIA reports should be submitted to LEPB for approval. To determine whether a deviation is minor or

major, the PMO should consult with ADB. Appendix

Environmental Responsibility 24 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 1.4.11Information Cooperation with the traffic control department EIA, SEIA Anning District, Before IA PMO pedx Appendix Disclosure and of the Public Security Bureau should be set up, Qilihe District construction Consultation and the potential of mass media (television, radio, and newspapers) to inform the public about road transport restrictions should be used to its full extent. Information boards containing a short description of the Project, construction timetable, feedback and complaint hotlines should be installed at the construction sites. These also should ask for public understanding as to the inconveniences caused by the Project. The construction activities will require large amounts of water and electricity. Therefore, the construction unit should contact the relevant departments to set up a pipeline connection scheme and organize temporary pipelines. For some areas that lack electricity and water, installation of water supply lines and electrical lines should be completed in advance in case there are temporary cutoffs that will affect the normal supply of water and electricity to citizens, businesses, and governmental organizations located within the area. If a footpath near a construction site is closed, pedestrian traffic should be diverted to an alternative route or safe roadway. Appropriate safety barriers and signs should be provided. Illumination lamps should be fixed at a proper height and directed in such a way not to cause inconvenience to the nearby residents. Detailed measure to be taken during the construction will be explained in the public hearing before the construction. 2. Construction Phase 2.1 Solid Waste

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 2.1.1 Refuse Generated Collect and clean up refuse in a timely manner EIA and Within ROW During Contractors CCE, on Construction and dispose of it in landfill. relevant legal construction external Sites, Sort construction waste and recycle or reuse it if require- supervisors, Construction and possible. ments IA, LEPB Demolition Waster, Maximize the reuse of excavated soil for Excavated Drill backfilling. Dispose of waste to designed sites only. Strip and stockpile topsoil in a protected location. Carry out greening and revegetation using topsoil originally removed. 2.1.2 Disposal Sites Construct intercepting ditches and chutes to EIA and All disposal sites During Contractors CCE, prevent outside runoff entering disposal sites, relevant legal construction external and divert runoff from sites to existing drainage require- supervisors, system or ponds. ments IA, and Rehabilitate the disposal sites into grassland, Local WRBs woodland or farmland after closing. 2.1.3 Borrow Areas Strip and stockpile the topsoil, build interception EIA and All borrow sites During Contractors CCE, ditches and chutes to reduce erosion from relevant legal construction external borrow pits. require- supervisors, Restore or revegetate the disposal sites into ments IA, and grassland, woodland or farmland after closing. Local WRBs 2.1.4 Construction Sites Set up hoarding around the construction site, EIA and All temporary During Contractors CCE, and Temporary build temporary drainage ditch and hoarding for relevant legal land use construction external Land Use Areas temporary living quarters, install hoarding and require- supervisors, drainage for temporary roads, regularly water ments IA, and haul road, cover the soil and aggregate Local WRBs materials on the truck during transport. Build a drainage ditch and slop protection during site formation. Develop a rainy season construction plan to prevent surface runoff and soil erosion. Protect farmland and channels near

construction sites. Appendix Rehabilitate the temporary sites into grass, wood and farmland upon completing activities.

Environmental Responsibility 26 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 2.1.5 Solid Waste from Garbage bins will be provided in the camps and EIA Construction During Contractors CCE, pedx Appendix Work Camps, regularly emptied. The disposed garbage will be sites construction external Canteens maintained in a hygienic manner according to supervisors local norms. 2.2 Water Quality 2.2.1 Impact on Surface Temporary irrigation and drainage systems will Contract Project corridor Preconstructi Contractors and CCE, IA, and Subsurface be built and connected before a permanent specifications on and SMEDI street Water Flow or drainage system is blocked or removed as part and during committees Drainage or of the construction process. geological construction Irrigation System If groundwater drainage or an open-channel survey irrigation flow is cut, the flow should be rerouted by piping or leakage repaired immediately by sealing the damaged surface area with concrete to prevent leakage or contamination. Construction materials such as asphalt should not be kept close to construction sites for long periods of time, and, if they are stored for the short term, they should be kept away from sources of water or drainage channels. Erodible materials should be covered to prevent their scouring. Construction in erosion and flood-prone areas should be restricted to the dry season. Replanting should be completed as soon as possible following fill placement to facilitate regeneration of a stabilizing ground cover. It is strictly prohibited to discharge into a water body. As construction of road #T532(#530) will encroach into the channel-bed of Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot, to avoid soil erosion and pollution of the Yellow River, the construction activities should be restricted there during rainy seasons. 2.2.2 Wastewater from Strengthen management. Discharge domestic EIA, SEIA, Project corridor During Contractors in CCE, IA, Construction wastewater to the nearby sewer network or legal construction cooperation with LEPB Workers, have it treated by an on-site package plant. requirements local Canteens communities

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 2.2.3 Vehicle and The on-site fuelling area should be selected SEIA and All project During Contractors CCE, Equipment away from water bodies and should be relevant legal corridor construction external Maintenance and protected by a dike to prevent runoff from requirements supervisors Cleaning leaving the fuelling area. The on-site fuelling on behalf of facilities should only be used for equipment that IA and LEPB must be fuelled on-site, and all vehicles and equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction site should be fuelled off-site. The vehicle and equipment wash area must be properly identified by signs and located away from drainage facilities and watercourses. It must be equipped with a septic tank to collect and dispose of wash water. All vehicles and equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction site must be cleaned offsite. The amount of bilge water is likely to be very small, but it will contain a lot of pollutants such as lube oil and petroleum. This wastewater should be taken to and treated by appropriate treatment facilities. The waste water from washing watercraft will contain silts and smaller quantities of oil. This wastewater should be settled before being discharged into rivers. A construction materials handling protocol (e.g., storage away from watercourses and provision of retention areas to contain accidental spills of such toxic, hazardous, and harmful construction materials as caustic and acidic substances, oil and petroleum products, and asphalt materials) will be prepared and applied.

2.3 Air Quality Appendix 2.3.1 Generation of Avoid truck overloading. Vehicles delivering fine Dust materials to the sites must be covered. Earth that drops on the road during transportation should be cleaned up in a timely manner. 27

Environmental Responsibility 28 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision Contractors will be required to spray road EIA, SEIA, Project corridor During Contractors CCE, pedx Appendix surfaces, as well as excavation, construction legal construction external and demolition sites to keep them moist for dust requirements supervisors control. on behalf of Potential significant adverse impacts to IA and LEPB adjacent residents or site employees during construction will be mitigated by either discontinuing until favorable conditions are restored or sites should be watered to prevent generating dust. Burning waste construction materials as fuels is prohibited in the course of construction. Solvents and volatile materials will be properly used. Enclose the demolition sites and road construction sites with colored fencing. Trucks carrying earth, sand, or stone will be covered with tarps to avoid spilling. Proper timetables and routes for transportation should be developed. Separate stone and sand materials, store concrete in a separate storage place, and minimize transportation required. Set up hoarding around construction sites, particularly for sensitive receptors near roads, including schools, places of worship, hospitals, and residential areas. All roads and pavements used by vehicles of the contractors or any subcontractor or supplier will be kept clean and clear of all dust, mud, or extraneous materials dropped by their construction vehicles. Such cleaning must be completed on a regular basis. Preconstruction monitoring of existing ambient air quality will be undertaken to provide a baseline for measuring air quality impacts during the construction period.

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 2.3.2 Emission from Select appropriate machinery and EIA, SEIA, Project corridor During Contractors IA, LEPB Vehicles and transportation vehicles in compliance with legal construction Equipment national emission standards. requirements Machinery and equipment will be fitted with pollution control devices, which will be checked at regular intervals to ensure that they are in working order. 2.4 Noise 2.4.1 Noise from At construction sites within 250 meters (m) of EIA, SEIA, Project corridor During Contractors CCE, Vehicles, Plant, the nearest habitation, noisy construction work legal construction external and Equipment will be stopped between 23:00 and 06:00 hours. requirements supervisors, The construction unit should contact the Particularly LEPB management in the aforementioned sensitive important spots in advance, and arrange the construction sensitive spots: scheme to avoid impacts of construction noise all schools and on residents. hospitals in the If construction activities occur near schools, the project area construction unit should consult with the school management about the construction timetable for large machinery. In case there is still a need for construction works in regular hours acoustic screens of 2.5–4.0 m in height should be set up to keep noise levels below 60dB (A). In order to effectively protect the sensitive spots, bidding documents clearly specified the noise-sensitive spots and environmental protection measures mentioned in this report. Noise levels from equipment and machinery must strictly conform to PRC-GB 12523-90. Use low-noise machinery. Install temporary noise barriers around noisy machinery.

To avoid concrete mixing, use premixed Appendix concrete. Control traffic on-site and limit use of horns. During transportation, loading, and unloading of construction materials, use of horns is prohibited when vehicles pass sensitive 29 receptors.

Environmental Responsibility 30 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 2.5 Impact on Flora pedx Appendix and Fauna 2.5.1 Loss or Damage Relocate trees affected by the construction, EIA, SEIA Project corridor During Contractors External to Flora and avoid cutting trees, and restore the vegetation and legal construction supervisors, Fauna upon completing construction. requirements LEPB All works will be carried out while minimizing damage to flora and fauna, and construction workers will be instructed to protect natural resources, fauna, and flora. 2.6 Impacts on Cultural Heritage Sites 2.6.1 Cultural Heritage Should culture heritage be discovered during SEIA and Project corridor During IA, Lanzhou Provincial the construction, stop construction, protect the legal construction Cultutral Heritage site, and report it to the Lanzhou and Gansu requirements Heritage Bureaus, heritage bureaus. Bureaus PMO 2.7.1 Loss of Access At all times during construction, the contractor EIA, Project corridor During Contractors with PMO will provide safe and convenient passages for resettlement and nearby area construction assistance from vehicles, pedestrians, and livestock to and from plan SMEDI and IA side roads. 2.7.2 Health Aspects An education program for HIV/AIDS and Social and Work camps and During IA in PMO, such as Illness of sexually transmitted diseases will be Poverty neighboring construction cooperation with Lanzhou Workers, Spread implemented concurrently with the project Analysis villages local health health of HIV/AIDS and implementation. authorities authorities Sexually Maintain efficient sanitation in the construction Transmitted area. Provide health checks for workers. Safety Infections training and management should be strengthened to ensure the safety of construction work. Construction workers will be equipped with such personnel protection utilities as earplugs, helmets. 2.8 Landscape 2.8.1 Visual Quality of Construction sites should be well organized and EIA, Project corridor During Contractors with PMO Landscape Affected construction activities carried out according to resettlement and nearby area construction assistance from Construction schedule. For safety and visual quality reasons, plan SMEDI and IA Activities construction sites should be fenced

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision During construction, sites should be cleaned up in a timely manner. After construction is completed, areas occupied by construction sites, temporarily occupied land, and construction camps, should be restored. 2.9 Social 2.9.1 Lives of the To mitigate adverse impacts associated with EIA Residential areas Before IA PMO Residents construction, further public consultations with construction local residents should be conducted with an aim starts to inform them about the intended activities of the Project and obtain their proposals and comments about the Project and potential mitigation measures. 2.10 Tourist Attractions 2.10.1Botanical Garden Construction activity on roads #T571(#502) and EIA Lanzhou During Contractors PMO and Renshoushan #T571(#502) will be executed with restricted Botanical Garden construction Park public access to the construction sites, as and Reshoushan during this period the Project will affect visitors Park sections and tourists at Lanzhou Botanical Garden and Renshoushan Park. To minimize adverse impacts of civil works, the construction period in the vicinity of these sensitive spots will be reduced as much as practical. During construction, using temporarily sound insulation facilities is justified to minimize noise impacts on sensitive spots. 2.11 Environmental Supervision 2.11.1Environmental The IA will set up an environmental Supervision and management office (EMO) for internal Monitoring supervision of implementing the mitigation measures.

The IA will contract with a professional Appendix environmental supervision company to supervise the environmental practices externally during the construction. The PMO, Lanzhou and Anning district EPBs, and local WRBs will also inspect 31 implementation of mitigation measures..

Environmental Responsibility 32 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision The EMP will be implemented according to the pedx Appendix monitoring program specified in the EIA and SEIA. A monitoring and inspection report will be sent to the PMO and LEPB to assess the needs for further mitigation measures 3. Operations Phases 3.1 Project The IA will hire a licensed environmental Legal The project roads Within first 3 Licensed LEPB Environmental consulting and/or monitoring institute to conduct requirement area months of institutes Acceptance Audit an environmental survey and monitoring report operation or contracted by for project acceptance within the first 3 months no later than IAs of operation or, with permission from LEPB, no 1 year with later than in 1 year. permission from LEPB 3.2 Air Pollution Control 3.2.1 Road Transport Traffic Management: The traffic management EIA Anning District Operation IA LMG Policies component of the Project can cut road transport period emissions by reducing traffic congestion. Bus Rapid Transit: Bus rapid transit is one of the priorities and major components of this Project. This component provides mass transportation in urban areas using segregated bus lanes. By using compressed natural gas buses this system minimizes vehicle emissions (including greenhouse gas emissions) per passenger kilometer. Non-motorized transport: NMT lanes are included in the Project as a physical component of road design. From an environmental standpoint, NMT is a perfect mode of transportation, as it produces no emissions 3.2.2 Atmospheric The use of compressed natural gas will be EIA. SEIA, Lanzhou Operation LEPB Gansu Pollution from encouraged and filling stations established. legal government Period provincial Vehicles Inspection and maintenance programs will be requirements govern- expanded. ment, nongovernment

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision Intensive training programs for capacity building organiza- focusing on emission testing, data analysis, and tion reporting should be implemented. An annual air quality monitoring program should be introduced. Involvement of the media, nongovernment organizations, and community will be encouraged. 3.3 Air Quality It is currently proposed that the environmental EIA Lanzhou Operation PMO, Lanzhou LEPB Monitoring System monitoring component will have a number of period Environmental subcomponents, including: Monitoring a fixed air quality monitoring station, Station a remote sensing system, electronic saturation stations, passive samplers, and design and technology transfer. 3.3.1 Urban Planning Land use planning: Design and construction of EIA Lanzhou Operation Lanzhou LMG the new urban environmentally sensitive period Planning developments should be executed in such a Bureau way as to keep new sensitive spots away from the project roads. It is recommended to urban planning agencies that sensitive spots be at least 50 m from the roads. Air-quality sensitive receptors are presently located in the first row of buildings from the road and should be relocated wherever possible. The first row of buildings should also be located as much as practical at a certain distance from the road to minimize negative impacts of vehicle exhaust and dust. Landscaping: Planting trees on the roadsides has proven to be a reliable mitigation measure that can reduce concentrations of carbon

monoxide and particulate matter. The features Appendix of these “greenbelts” that can impact their efficiency include the species of trees or shrubs, configuration of the belt (number of rows, order of trees and shrubs), and the distance from the road. Regulations of Urban Landscaping 33 Management in Lanzhou City should be

Environmental Responsibility 34 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision followed by planting trees on both sides of the pedx Appendix project roads. 3.4 Noise Pollution 3.4.1 Noise-Sensitive Install soundproof windows at affected EIA, SEIA, Affected houses Construction Environmental LEPB Receptors buildings, including residential blocks, staff legal and monitoring residential buildings of Gansu Legal Institute, requirements operation institutions sanatorium of Honorary Militaries of Gansu (daytime and period contracted by IA Province, staff residential buildings of nighttime) Zhongxing Science and Technology, and classroom building of Guijiazhuang Primary School (see details in EIA, table 8.4-1). Install sound barriers at Lanzhou Electric Engineering Vocational School, Taolin village, and Xijie village (details in EIA, table 8.4-1.) NO HORN PERMITTED sign will be set up on road sections near schools. 3.4.2 Appropriate Urban It is recommended that such sensitive facilities EIA, SEIA Lanzhou Operation Lanzhou LMG Planning as schools, hospitals, and kindergartens should period Planning not be built in the first row of buildings on either Bureau side of the new roads. What is more suitable for these locations are less such noise-sensitive facilities as commercial buildings or multi- floored parking facilities. This will not only make land use more efficient but also help to reduce noise impacts to sensitive spots. Designers of residential buildings are advised to design such ancillary rooms as bathrooms, kitchens, and elevators on the side facing the road in order to further reduce noise impacts. Owners of new buildings where noise-sensitive receptors will be located are advised to incorporate such noise-mitigating measures as installing doors and windows with sufficient noise-mitigating capabilities into design and construction

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 3.4.3 Landscaping Species of grass, bushes, and trees (mainly EIA, SEIA Project area Operation IA Lanzhou poplar, willow, and elm) suitable to the climate period Forest of northern PRC should be included in the Bureau design of road landscaping when the requirements of road functions and the local master plan are met. The pavement should be designed as a low-noise pavement if buildings in the first row facing the road section do not meet the requirements of a Class 4 zone.

3.4.4 Additional Vehicle technology and standards: Economic EIA, SEIA Project area Operation LMG LMG Measures development and progress of the automobile period industry will enhance noise emission standards and reduce noise levels from individual vehicles. Enforcement of vehicular noise standards: implement inspection and maintenance programs in regard to noise (noise tests); vehicles exceeding noise standards should be subjected to compulsory maintenance; and vehicles with excessive noise should be gradually taken out of service. Enforcement of vehicle speed control, especially at nighttime and on road sections where sensitive noise receptors are located. More forceful management of the use of horns and prohibition on the use of horns at road sections where sensitive noise receptors are located. Periodic maintenance of sound barriers. Good maintenance of pavement and timely repair of damaged pavements.

Appendix

Environmental Responsibility 36 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision 3.5 Ecological The trees and vegetation removed during the EIA, SEIA Project area Operation IA PMO, pedx Appendix Environment construction phase should be replanted in other period Lanzhou places. A municipal department that deals with Forest tree-planting should be involved in this Bureau landscaping work. Special efforts should be made to ensure the survivability of vegetation to make up the loss of flora caused by the construction activities. After improvement of the roads, trees and grass should be planted on the separation belts and the areas outside the roads; flower beds or evergreen trees should be set or established in the spaces between buildings so that the decreased green area can be compensated. Greenbelts, lawns, and hedgerows should be designed and established on both sides of the road, while sculptures or other features should be installed at crossings and in the free space on the street or among buildings in order to improve the urban environment and beautify the view from the road. This can also showcase the style of the city and promote a sense of community. Full use will be taken of the natural conditions when carrying out landscaping works, and trees and grass will be planted wherever possible to create attractive, green areas. Attention should be given to the selection of plants and their layout. The plants selected should be pollution- tolerant, able to absorb pollutants, fireproof, dust-resistant, noise-reducing, and beautifying so as to create an unspoiled green land area. The width of the greenbelt should be 8 m or wider, mainly for the purpose of landscaping. Greenbelts should be designed along the main and secondary roads, so as to improve the roadside scenery. The greening of the road should meet the needs of modern road transportation. Types of plants that can survive

Environmental Responsibility Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision easily should be chosen. The plants selected should also have a great capacity for dust absorption, dust prevention and noise reduction, so as to form a “green net” with trees and shrubs to improve the urban environment and beautify the overall image of the main streets. The green space along the road should cover between 15% and 20% of the area. In the ecological green-land construction area, the construction of a belt to prevent pollution should be a priority. It is suggested that the following kinds of trees are to be used: camphor trees, glossy privets, leaflet fig trees, oleander, ginkgo, Chinese ilex, plane trees, phoenix trees, vine plants like honeysuckle, Boston ivy. 3.6 Hydrology The south section of #T530; east section of #T532(#516), #S583(#518), #T550(#550), and #S554(#571); west section of #S583(#518); and #T580(#580)(S) are located in the class 2 drinking water source protection zone of Lanzhou city. In order to avoid contaminating water sources in the case of accidental failure of sewage and storm water pipeline networks, these pipelines must be designed to higher standards and ground sections under these pipeline networks must be insulated. Utility facilities in the Class 2 drinking water protection zone of Lanzhou city should be designed with insulation. A roadway drainage system should be built where the water table is expected to rise due to potential blocks in the groundwater flow (for

example, new roads running in east–west Appendix direction in parallel and close to the Yellow River), such as the area to the north of road #T532(#516). In those areas where the water table is expected to decrease, measures such as culverts and drainage facilities should be 37 used to avoid sharp fluctuations.

Environmental Responsibility 38 Impact/Issue Mitigation Measures References Location Time Frame ImplementationSupervision Road #T532(#530) will partly encroach into the pedx Appendix bed of Da Sha (Qing Shi) Sloot and cause that section to move eastward. A protection wall must be built there as an engineering measure. The inspection and maintenance program (at testing stations and during roadside checks) should carefully identify vehicles in poor technical condition, including those leaking gasoline and lubricating materials. Transportation of flammable and explosive materials should only be allowed with the approval of the Public Security Bureau.Monitoring of water quality in water bodies should be provided by LEPB. 3.6.1 Transportation of A spill contingency plan is proposed that EIA, SEIA Project corridor During IA in Traffic Hazardous Goods includes an acting agency, emergency operation consultation authorities response, monitoring, and reporting. with traffic authorities 3.7 Monitoring and An environmental monitoring program, including EIA, SEIA Project corridor During CCE, IA, PMO, LEPB Inspection soil erosion monitoring, will be implemented construction contracted according to the monitoring program specified in and supervisors, the EIA. operation monitoring A monitoring and inspection report will be sent institutes to the PMO, LEPB, and ADB to assess the needs for further mitigation measures ADB = Asian Development Bank, CCE = chief construction engineer, EIA = environmental impact assessment, EPB = environmental protection bureau, GESDRI = Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute, HIV/AIDS = human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, IA = implementing agency, LEPB = Lanzhou Environmental Protection Bureau, LMG = Lanzhou municipal government, PMO = project management office, PRC = People’s Republic of China, ROW = right-of-way, SEIA = summary environmental impact assessment, SMEDI = Design Institute, WRB = water resource bureau. Source: Gansu Environmental Science and Design Research Institute. 2009. Environmental Impact Assessment Report. Lanzhou

Appendix 39

Appendix