Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive
Theses and Dissertations
1952-08-01
A study of the fleshy fungi of Utah
Kent Howell McKnight Brigham Young University - Provo
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A STUDY OF THE FLESHY FUNGI OF UTAH
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENTOF BOTANY AND THE GRADUATESCHOOL OF BRIGHAMYOUNG UNIVERSITY IN PARTIALFULFILL~:ENT OF THE
REQUIREKENTSFOR THE DEGREEOF MASTER OF SCIENCE
BY
KENTH. MCKNIGHT BRIGHAMYOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO,UTAH AUGUST1952 This thesis by Kent H. McKnight is accepted in its present for by the Thesis Comittee as satisfying the thesis require ments for the degree of Master of Science,
August, 1952. PREFACE
An expression of appreciation is hereby offered to the many people and organizations who gave such generous assistance toward the completion or this project. Many of the plants reported here were identified from dried specimens by persons other than m1self. Dr. Alexander H. Smith of the University of Michigan assisted me in identification of the Agaricales
and the Gaster5?!1Cetes. Dr. W. H. Snell of Brown University identified the Boletaceae and stipitate hydnums. Man1 of the Ascomzeetes were identi- fied by Dr. B. B. Kanouse of the Univer&ity of Michigan. Dr.?. F. Shope
of Oklahoma A. & M. College identified the Polz:eoraceae and Mr. Travis
Brooks of Kansas State College identified the Ml!:o&cetes.
Thanks are offered also to Dr. Sidney Boyle of Utah State Agri-
cultural College who made arrangements for me to study the specimens in the herbarium there, and to Dr. F. B. Wann, also of Utah State Agricultural
College, who gave me permission to examine his collection of Mreo!lcetes.
Appreciation is expressed also to the Brigham Young University faculty members and students who brought in many of the specimens reported here.
Amongothers, Dr. B. F. Harrison and Dr. D. E. Beck have been especially helpful. Recognition and thanks are due also to the Veteran's Administration of the United States Government for financial assistance given through
Public Law 346.
iii TABLE OF C(lNTlt?lrS
Page PPJJ:FAOE• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • iii UST OF IU11STRATION.S• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • vi Chapter I. INTROWCTION• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l II. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 III. 11m..'3ENTATIONOF DATA • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5
Myxon:iycetes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 ,'i.seomycetes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7 BasidiOllzy'oates ••• •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Y...eyto Families of Dasid1omycetes • • • • • • • • • • • 10 A.uriculariales • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ll Da.erymycetales ••••••••••••••••••••• 12 Polyporal.es • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 'l'helephoraceae ••• • •••••••••••••••• 15 Clavariaoeae ••••••••••• • •••••••• • 14 HydDQ.ceae. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 Polyporaceae ••••••••••••••• • ••••• l? Key to Genem of PolYJ;)Oraceae••••••••• •. l? Poria • •••••• •.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Ganodel"llla • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Fames • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 Poly;po:rus • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 Trametes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26 Lenzites. • ••• • •••••••••••••••• 27 1-igarica.les •• • • • • ••••••••••••••••• 28 Doletaceae •••••••••••••••••••••• 28 Lecc1nium • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 Bolet1nus ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 Agarlcaceae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 Key to Genera of' ..:igaricaceae • • • • • • • • • • • 30 Russula • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • :33 H;vgrophorus • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 Lentinus • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 34 Xeromphalina • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Ompil:lline. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Collybia • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 36 11:yoena • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 38 Pleurotus... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 :t/Jara.smius • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 41 A:rmillaria • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 41 Olitocybe ••••••••• •.. • • • • • • • • • 42 Leuoopa.xillus. • •••• • ••••••• • • • • • 42 iv Page Lepista ••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • 42 LyophyllUDl • • • • • • • • " • • • • • • • • • • • 43 Melanoleuoa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 43 Le~iota •••••• • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 44 l'iitlallita ••••• •,. •., ••••••• • • •• 44 Pluteus •• , •••• • ••• • , " • • • • • • • • 45 Paxillua ...... • ••••••• • 46 'l'ubaria • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 Oonoey'be •••••••••••• • ••••••• • 47 Agrooy'be • •••••••••••• • • • •• • •• 48 Crepidotus •• • •••••••••••••• • •• 49 Rebelo.ma. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 50 Inocybe •••• • • • ••• • ••••••• • •• o 50 Ph.oliota • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 51 Stropho.ria •••••••••••• • •••• • •• 52 J'\.garious • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 54 HYJ)holoma ••••• • •••• • • • • • • • • , • • 55 Panaeolus • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • 59 Copri:nus •••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • 59 Gasteromycetes ••••••••••• •. • ••• • ••• 63
IV, DIBCUSSIONAND SU!t,1ARY • • • • •••• • • • • • • •••• 65 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '10 • • • •••• • ••••• • • • • • • •••••• 80
V LIST OF IU.USTHATIOHS
Pl.ate Page
I. White Spored tigarics • • • • • • • • ••••••••••••• 71
II. Pink an
III. Ochre SpC>redi\garics ••••••• • •••••• • •••••• 75
IV• Dark Spored J~arics • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 'l'I v. Dark Spored A.gar1cs ••••••••••••••••••••• 99
vi Cl!t.PTER I
Th.are have been numerous tuonwJ.c and ecolosioal reports made on various groups of vascular :plants• mosses, nnd algae in Utah• but the tleshy tungi have not been extensively studied. Garrett (8) has :published reports on the rust and anut f'>.mgi und O'Gara ( 16), (1 '7 ) , (18) has reported various other pathogenic fungi. The unpublished thesis by Knight (ll) and the brief report by Knight s.nd Cottam (12) were pioneer works in the field of :tlesb:y fungi for this region. Although isolated rer,orta of individuals or small groups of collections have appeared in the literature from. time to time• these have not been collected into a single account covering the area designated here.
Taxonomy of the tungi is in many respects less advanced than that of the higher plants. Tbis is due 1n paJt to the :paucity of extensive collections from many different loca.11 ties. The recent trend in classi• fication of the il.«:§riCales which emphasizes th,e use of microscopic charac- ters is contributing greatly in the development of a more natural system of classification. This is the approach which is used in this investiga- tion. It is the purpose o:t' this study to :further the ends of Mycology by presenting the fleshy fungi which are known. to f!,rOVJ in Utah. Reports ot collections by other workers a.re included as well e.s the results of field collections made by tlle writer during parts ot three growing seasons
(194g....1951). Most of these collections were made during the spring and early swmner. It ie understood that only a small fraction of the fleshy
l 2
fungi of Utah can be studied in such a short period of field work. Due to
the inadequacy of the readily available literature on the subject and the
i.mavail.ability of various mycological. exeiocati it is quite likely that
some reperts of fleshy i"ungi tram Utah have been missed. This :paper is not, therefore, intended to represent a final report in tllis area, but merely a contribution to our JnYCOlogical knowledge.
The tenn fleshy tu.Dgi as used here sb8.ll include those A,sepmzcetes
and Basj,d~e:Jies which _produce large or othervdse conspicuous aporocarps
and their closely related f'o.l."ma. This includes portions of the sub-classes
fx;u»9m,eetes and Discgeetep o:t the A@C01qleetes; and portions o:r the
Haten,bag1diae and ~)J.bft§1di~eof the Paa!dt95:£Cetes (4). The sporoca:rps may 'be fleshy, woody, :papery• leathery, oarbonous o:r 1ffl.XY in texture. This would exclude the i~mnzoetes. However, s1nca there have been no extensive studies of the ~U!I of Utah they are accorded a. very brief' treatment here. Utah is a state bearing rather extreme topography varying from high
plateaus and broad valleys with a general elevation of about 5•500 feet to
sharply rising mountain ranges with crests well a.bove 10,000 :feet. As
would be expected local climatic conditions are also highly variable. The
United States De:pa.rtment of ,~r:1.culture (22} :reports that the average
annual rainfall for the state from 1886 to 1938 was 12.63 inches. The driest area is the Great Salt Lake Desert with an average of' less than
5 inches annually whereas the mountain pee.ks of the ~~asatch range receive
over 40 inches annually. CHAPI'ERII
The only previous collection of fleshy fungi available to the wr1 ter for study was the small group of specimens in the herba.rium of the
Utah State .Agricultural College. These were collected by Arthur s. Rhodes.
A collection of M~cetep made by Dr. B. Wann of Utah State Agricultural
College was also examined. The collections reported by Knight ( ll} and
Knight and Cottam (12) were not available for study. Most of the collections reported here \\'ere made by the writer and studied while still f:i.~esh. The specimens are now in the herbarium of' Brigham Young University.
Notes on ecology were mde in the field. Laboratory study of fresh
spec:il!lens yielded data on size, texture, color and other special date. necessary to describe the individuels of various groups. When possible, colors were com.pared with Ridgewa:y•s standards {19}. Due to the variability of taxonomic characters among individuals vdthin a species. collections consisting of only one or a very few specimens were discarded with mre exceptions. Tb.us the descriptions used were derived from comparison of a number of specimens (usually six or more)• This has made it necessary to discard great numbers of specimens. In many oases more were discarded than retained. The colleotions were preserved by drJing. A more detailed study of the microsoo:pic chara.otera of the N5a.rteues was ma.de subsequently from the dried specimens. Freehand sections were revived in 2.6'-'.kKOH or in chloral hydrate-iodine solution. This latter reagent was used to determine the amylo1d reaction of spores and tissues. When possible duplicate specimens and data were sent to recognized
3 4
authorities for identification or eonfinnation. Since this is, at best, a
very sl.o'r1 process many collections have not been rios1tively identified at
this time. Tentative identifications are given for many collections which
could not be checked by authorities, Those which were :i.dentified by
recognized authority are indicated by an asterislc preceding tba llW1:leof the plant.
The myxoowcetes, asco:mycetes 1 and gasteroreycetes are presented
in the tom of check lists arrar.ged b:,• orde1•s and farrllies, The al"I'ange- ment of the :m;rxo:mycetes tollows that u.sed in Horth American Flora (15) • Keys for identification of the basidiooxycetes are presented,
followed by descriptions of' the genera and sr'8cics where these could be
accurately detel'minod. The keys presented are merely art1:f'ioial keys
desir.,ned to facilitate identification of the gen~ and species reported
here, l.t is recognized that much more information would be needed to :pre- sent a. truly natural system, Synonomyof' the species is not given,
Collections from the herbarium of Brigham Yo'UllgUniversity are designated by the field number. Those reported by other -workers are d.esignatui 'by the
name of the collector or the :natr..aof the institution where the collection
is housed. In cases where these a.re not lmoi-m, the collection is designated
by the nsroo of the :publication in which it was reriorted. Colors which w·ere retched with Ridgeway•s standards (19) are indi-
cated by an a3terisk following the color. CHAPTERIII
t~aomcetes The :m.yxomycetesinclude those :f'ul:lgihaving a vegetative state which consists of a.:n smoeboid plasmodium. Some are parasitic. Most a.re sapro- phytes, living on wood, leaves, dung, lltter, etc. The reproductive phase may be a apora.ng:i.um, aeth.a.liun, or plu.Slnodioca.rp. They are classif'ied largely on the basis of mc:rosco:pic cha:racteristics of the fruiting body.
'11°:enty•th:ree :myxotJYcetes are .rc:po1•ted. These re:r,:resant 14 eenera and 6 families. Number F5 was identified by the writer. The taxonOll'J.O features ot this o~anism a.re so distinctive as to make it easily dis• tinguished from other species. Identifiention of the other Brigha."11Yo'l.lllg
University collections wa.s provided by Mr. Truvis Brooks of Kansas State
College. These are indicated in the list by an asterisk precaeding the name o:f' the plant. All species nwnes used here nre those which are given preference in North Ju:ner1can Flora (15) w1th the exception of numbers Fl83 and F75.
Q,td9,t Licea.les FIJP.J.!iCribariaceae Dictydium ca.noallatum (Ba.tsch) Macbr. F5 Ot)\!£ Trichialea FWJ.x: Dianero.eaceae
*Prototr1ch1a metallioa (Berk.) Massee F47 6 f~J3 Trichiaceae *,\cryria versieolor Pb.ill. Fl?2
"T:riehia contorta {Ditm.) Rost. F33
*Hemitr1Ch1a. clave.ta (Pers.) Rost. 112 O,;;setStemonitales ,wl;{Stemonitaoeae *Eo.erthonarna:papillatum (Pera.} Roat. Fl4 *stemo:nitis tu.sea Rost. Fl36
Lamproderma robustum Ellis & Ev. N. A. Flora
La.m:pl"OdermaCarestiae (Cas. & De•Not) Meyl. N. A. Flora *Lemproderma sa.ut eri Rost. Fll OmarPhyoo.mlas F,amtj.y Physaraeeae *Fuligo Se:Ptice. (L.) Weber Fl70
*Badhamia populina A. & o. Lister F30 *Badhamia utricularis (Bull.) Berk. F66
*Physarum albescena Ellis F'7, 1'74 1 Fl81 1 Wann *Physarum stellat\ml. {11,ia,ss.) a-. w. Martin FJ.'71 F§!~J;! Didymiaeeae
Diderroa spu~.arloides Fries ~Vann *D:ldel"nlaglobosum Pers. FlS2 Didel".l:l'lalyallii {Massee) Ma.ebr. Fl84, Wann,N. A. Flora
*Dide::t"matrevelyani var. nivale Meylan Fl83
*Didymium nivicolum Meylan. F75 *Lepidoderma ehailetii Rost. FlO Lepidoderma oarestianum (Rab.) Rost. N. A. Flora Le:pidoderma granuliterum (Phill.) Fries N. A. Flora 7
£\~C~~ffi'~P.G The most distinctive characteristic ot the Ascomycetea is the pro- duction of a special sporangial cell. 'l"his cell• the a.sous. is usually t,vo nucleate at first. Nuclear fusion occurs within it rollov,ed by meiosis.
The form ot tho ascoco.r:p within which tho asei are fonaed is higlll.y variable, although those treated in this report .may be grou:pod in t,.v genort'tl typos.
Asoocarr,s of the :pyrenornycetes are embedded in a stroma while those of' the disc01;,ycetas are not. Ascooarr,s of tlle wz,enorcycetes a.re e;enert1lly sub• spherical or ovoid in shape. 'rhe asci are awplotely enclosed at nuturity except for a sr-..all o:penint; 01" ostiole, thro"Ut;h which tht) asci or asco-
S!)Ores a.re ejootaa.. 'i'his ty:pe of ascooarp is eallad. a :peritheciu:m. The disoomycetes have an aooocarp which is gonerally The arrangement of' orders. fa..l'r.lilios and genera here em.ployed follows that given by 13essey {4). Many of the aseo:mycates were identified by Dr. B., B., f..:S.nouse ot the University of' Michigan. These are designated in the list which follows by an asterisk preceding the name of the plant. I have lllade tentative identifications to genus or species of the ren1aining colleo- tio:na of mine. ~up_OJ.a§§ Discoreyoetes ,O,me;rI!elotialea FP81:lzlielotiaceae lflielotium virgulto:ru:m FlOO Ds.syacypha arid.a (Phill.,) Se.cc. 8 Laehnellula chrysopthalma (Pers.) Kars. U81\.C OmerPezizalos Fs,z Mollisiaceae M.ollioia s11. ~t,( Pazizaceae *Calo scypha fu.J.gens Boud. F91 Patella setosa (Nees} f;;;eaver F29 Otidea sp. F204 *Paxina acetabulm:n l'r. F95 *Peziza ancilis Fr. F8l *Pcziza violncea Pers. F32 Peziza domieiliana Cooke Fl46• Garrett *Peziza repanda Pers. F27, Fl96 fw;J,x Hel vellaceae l!orehella delisciose. Fr. Knight, BYU Morchella esculenta (L. ) Pers. F24, Knight Morell.ells. conica Pars. 1!"195. F202 ~1orehella punctipes Pk. Fl8'7, F189 Vel"J)a conica. (Mull.) Schwartz Fl92 Ver:pa bohe:mica (K:r:-onbh.) Sch.rot. F23, Jl"l.90t F200, Knight Helvella calitomiea Phill. Fl97 lfelvella ea:roliniana (Dose.) Nees F1211 Fl23 §sh. C!i.s,s Pyrenotcyoetes Qme£ Sphaerales FwJ,y Sphaere.ceae Xylaria sp. Daldinia sp. Fl14 &s,i9~0lJ'/YS8tem Most ot the large fleshy :f.'ungi are in the class B~sidi9¥1Yceteae. Members of this class are distinguished by the presence of the basidium- a specialized cell in which reduction division occurs. Following reduction division spores are borne externally in the basidium. Two sub--classes or be.sidiaeycetaa aro represented in Utah, the Hoterobasideae a.nc:..Eubasideae. The arrangement of orders and families in this 1,aport :follows that of Bessey (4). The species descriptions f'or those specir!1ens in the B. Y. u. herbarlum are taken only f~m do.ta. collected by the writer, although all knovm oollsotions from Utah a.re reported. Desoril)tio:ns of species collected by other investigators, but :not by the writer, a.re quoted as they appear in the publication reporting them.. Generic desertptions a.re given only when tvro or more species of a r,iven genus are reported. 'l'he species are arranged alphabetically. The f:aste:roniyoetes a.re presented in the fo:rm of' a check list similo.r to that :previously used for the myxomycetes and aseo- mycetes. Determination of tb.e Po;t.yl)2m,ceae was provided by Dr. F. F. &'hope of Oklaholntl A. & M,. Colle,r;e. Dr. w. R. Snell of Brown University identified the boletes and stipi tt:1te hydnuns. l'lates I to V of the Ap1}endix illustrate the s1gn1:f.'ieant microsccr:pic eharaeters o:f many of the species in too fmuily /yganoace1e. 10 Key to Selected Fariilias of the Baaidiomycetes 1. Dasidium divided into u row of four cells by transverse septa• ••••••••••• • •• •.,. lµp;icul}U'iace~e (l) l. Ba.sidiu:m.unicellular, cla.va.to or elongate tvith two long apical branches ••••••••••••••••••• • • • 2 2. Easidiur11 with two long a:picul branches, alwa:ye tour spored •• • •• • ••••••• Dncr,mi:vc~taceae (2) 2. Basidiu.m unbranched• most often four l:rpo1~ed but occasionally two or three spored •••••••••• • • 3 3. Spores enclosed. at naturity l'dthin the basidio- carp • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • G,astero:razcetes 3, Spores not enclosed at maturity within the bas1d1ocarp, but covering a smooth, wrinkled, toothed, poroid or lanellate hymenial surface •• • •••••••• • • • • • • 4 4, Sr,iores baeilla.r, ew.bed 4. Hot as above • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 5. Hymenial surface smooth or slightly ,-.Tinkled •• • • • • • • • 6 5. Hy:me.nial surface toothed, :noroid or lumcllate. • ••••• • • 7 a. Basidiocacy fleshy t upright fi.lifom, clavate or l'."6r'Jose;hymenium on all surfaces ••• • Olave.riacea.e (4) 6. Basidiocarp papery or leatl:ler.r; resup1nate. effused rei'lexed or stir,1tate and funnel sbapod; hyneniu:m on under surface ••••• • • • • • • • 'l'helepho,ra.ceae (3) ?. Hymanial sur:f'nca toothed •••• • • •••• • • • !Jldnacoa.e {5) 7 • .tlymen.ial aurf'nco poroid or lamellate • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8 a. Hy.menial surface lamellate • • • • • • • .-:~13.rioaceae (8) (See also Lenzites ot Polweaoeae) a. Hy:mania.l surface :poroid • • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • 9 9. Basidioearp fles.by, decaying readily, tubes usually separa- ting easily from context of pileus •••• • •• Boletaceae (7) 9. Basidiocarp woody to tough tloshy 1 not decaying readily• tubes not easily separated from context of pileus •• Pol;y;J29raoeae (6} ll Orsl.!l Auricularia.les Fgj lJ Jl.uriculariaoeae AuricµJ.;;£1JlIY:f1CUW1§ (s. r. Gray) Martin Basidiocarp fleshy, brown in color• irregularly ungulate to disc or ear shaped, often wrinkled or foldedJ sessile or with reduced central or ucentric st1:pe; hy.men1um.brown, darker than context, gelatinous, upper surface with grayish or whitish cast due to pubescence; 2-8 cm. in diemeteri olam.p,-oonneetions present. Basidia. cylindrical. 1 transversely septate, embedded 1n ~enium. Spores hya.line, smooth, a.llantoid, 5.s-6.5 X 13-18.5 miera.. Collections: F206 The shape and texture ot this plant is such that it might easily be mistaken tor a diseomyoete by one who is not tallliliar with it. These plants were found growing in great abundance on a decortieated log a tew days after an exceptionally heavy rainfall. 'l"he collection was made in early Im.gust, 1951, in the area of Pleasant Creek Call'.l'P8l'Oundnear Mt. Pleasant, Senpete County. 12 Omet Dae~cetales FpgJ,;t De.cl"YlllY'cetaoeae E,.crovces Jilt• Two collections 01' D1crxwzcef:J (F22 and F89) made by the writer have not yet been identified to species. Although s.ir.1ilar in color and tenure to Q:yeutm:ppsis, these small fruiting bodies of Dacrnrvoe~ are easily distinguished by their irregular pulvinate shape. 9-.Y:eu:inip§isAJJ?J.im (Tr. & Earle} Bra.sefield The herbarium o:f Utah State l"'8ricultu.ral College contains three collections of Gu.eRJi:m2paisatJ?lP,1 which were ma.de by iu-tihur s. Rhodes. The substrata were A.bieg Jasio2a;r:m, Abies ~ncolor, and Juniperus scow• l,gm;. Basid.1ocarps of qy,S2m.N:9P§1Sare cup shaped or ungulate, gelatinous in texture, and are easily contused with fruiting bodies of ascomycetes. 13 Oi1s PolY,POre.les Fwtz Thelephoraoeae at2mYI: !iia;pl,ty.u;m( Schw.} Cooke Basidiooarp thin, coriaceous, white, f1brillose, striate, sometimes with elevated ridges; 1nf'undibulifonn in shape, sometimes split and tending to be mu.ltipileate, st1p1ta.te, margin thin. Stipe slender, cylindric, white pubescent at the base. liymenium covered with long, cylindric cystid1a. Growi:ng on soil in grassy meadow. Collections: l!'98 14 Ord.ei Polyporales Fwix Clavariaoeae Das1d1ocarp fleshy, simple to much branched, white to brightly colored. Hymen1umsmooth or slightly wrinkled, covering surfaces of bas1diooarr, more or less evenly. Spores smooth or rough, b.yalina or colored. Basidiooarps clustered to dexisely caespitose, buffy yellow"' to tawny*, turning purple brown where bruised; much branched, tending to be dichotomous, especially in older specimens, ends of branches sharply pointed. Plants arising fl'Om a :prominent r.rhita myoelium, 6-9 X 10.-20 cm. Taste peppery. Spores oehraoeous, spinulose, apiculate• elliptic, flattened, On soil in roixed forest. Collections: 1140, F20'7, Coker (6) c•ava;:ia•!KS!!! Sha.err. Reported by Coker (6) from San Juan County: Plan.ts about 2•7 cm. high and 3-12 mm. thick above. simple, single or at times two or three fused at base, long•Clavi:f.'om, thickened up- ward and there crumpled and channelled and often flattened; obtuse or less often pointed or even euspida.te; the bases scurfy-villose nearly or quite up to the hymenium; color when fresh {in plants we have seen) dull pink, soon fa.ding to leather color or with tints of fawn or buff' added, the base white and expanding into the cycelium.; not rooted. Flesh soft, white, pliable vmen :fresh, very brittle and friable when dry. Spores (collection from ,idirondacks, New York Botanical Gardexi Her- barium) white. smooth, subelliptic, 4.5-5 X 15•18.5 miora. Basidia 7-8.5 mi.era thick, 4-spored; .eymenium a.bout ?4 roicm thick, and con- taining many brovmish granules; hyplla.e of context a.bout 4.4 micra thick, much twisted, without clamp connections • .i.Uv1aysgrowing on coniferous leaves or trash and apparently not rare 1n the northern states. Not yet reported from the south. 15 Ol,!:U!ri@Wtl?Ut:ea .. Mull. Reported by Coker (6) from the Uinta mountains: Gregarious and densely cespitoae in clumps up to 20 individuals• a few single, 2.5-6.5 cm. high, usually crooked and twisted, flattened and channelled, 2•6 nm. broad the :flat way, dull brown with a tint of smoky purple (about avellaneous to fa'Wll or w-ood-brovm), nearly cylindri- cal or narrowly fusiform, rather abruptly pointed, ending below in a short, terete, ill-defined stem which is white from a. plush-like tomen- tum below; apex of club quickly becoming black and withering flabby; surface dull, in many places e.,laucous, Flesh white, or when soaked nearly the surface color, solid but easily becoming hollow by the separation of the f'ibers, fragile, dry, tender, and flaky, snapping at 45°; taste none; odor distin~tly musty, about like a gourd. Threads or flesh near the hymenium 7 .5-ll miora thick, in center of club 15-19 micra thick, regularly :parallel and composed of cells about 55-95 micra long• with occasional clanlp connections and usually constricted and rounded at the joints. Spores (of No. 4860) smooth, white, elliptic, 3.7-4.5 X 8.5-12 micra. Basidia very inconspicuous, clavate, about 30 micra long and "I micra thick with 4 short sterigmata. Plants densely clustered, 4-8 cm. tall, cream colored, soft and fleshy, ta.ate peppery; basidiooarp repeatedly branched from the periphery of saucer-shaped exp8lls1ons; spores minute, Base of fruiting body covered with brownish hairs. On rotted logs ot' Po:eulus tremuloides. Collections: 1129 Basidioce.rps much branched, arising from dense mats o:f' white myce- liurn; white to flesh colored, covered with dense white :pubescence especially a.t the base; much branched, branches rather thick, ending abruptly in short, eehinulate, 2.9-3.9 X 7.1-9.7 :miera. Growing on well-rotted stump in aspen-fir forest• Collections i r-.aoo 16 Ol!!el Polyporales Ffip Hydnaceae *H.erict!!G ;tp,ciniat;wn (Leers ex: Banker) Banker Basidiocarp fleshy, white, 10-16 cm. high• oons~sting of a much- branehed axis covered with long slende:r teeth, branches 0.3 ...1 cm. 1n diometor. Teeth subulate• o.3-1 cm. long. Plants solitary, growing on rotted logs of Porn.Q.us. Collections: F145 17 Order Polyporales Fami~ Polyporaceao Key to the Genera of tl1e Po),z;egrace.!:ie l. Sporophore entirely resu~inute. • •••••••••••• Poria l. S:porophore eff'used•reflexed, ~iloate, sessile or st1pi- tate; not entirely resupinate. • • • •••• • • • ••• • • 2 2. Sporophore perennial; one or more layers of tubes developing each season over previous tubes•• • • • • • 3 2. Sporophore annual; successive layers of tubes not developing over context each season ••••••• ••• 4 3. Spores truncate, appearing echinulate. Upper surface ot ¢,leus in.crusted, smooth• varnished. • • • •••• • Ganoderma 3. Spores rarely truncate, or ii' so, smooth walled •••• • • Fomea 4. Tubes or pores small or large, round or angular in cross section, never l.ruoollate •. •., •••••••• 6 4. Tubes usually large, elongate angular or laniella.te • Lenzites 6. Tubes inserted to a uniform depth in context • • • . "' 5. Tubes oot inserted to a uniform depth in context • • • • Trametes 18 Order Polyporales Ji'a"nilY 'Pol:,porac eue Por:1.y,Pers. Plt1nts completely reS1..1.rine.te. annual. or perennhil, lie;nicolous; m.aJ.>gino:f sporophore thick or th:in 1 fertile or sterile; pores round 1 o.ngu- lar1 or daeda.loid; setae or cystidia. present o:r absent. The genus Pp;rie. nonr..ally inel.1llles all mrubers of the Polwraceae which have fruiting bodies thnt ere entirely and persistently resupina.te. Great caution is advised in assi~ing a specinen to this genus, for under certain conditions s_pecies of the pileate genera may be resupina.te in habit. Prior to the present work only two spooies had been reported :f':rOJ11Utah. These are Pottii IH@ri@. Fr. (1) and Porie. crustulina. Bres. (2) reported by Baxter. A reaupinate fom of Po~n9rus uni tis I.• tenuis (Pers.) Bart. is also reported by Baxter ( 3) as occurring in Utah, ~em ap~lN\!,ta (Pers,) Pat. This plant was reported by Knight and Cottam (12) as l!'o:meaa.1mlana- tus (Pers.) Gill. It is found oollWOnly on a variety of deciduous hosts. The woody oa.rpophores which may be seen at any time of year mark it as one of the most commonpol,ypores in the state. F2me! (L.) Gill. Bas1diocarps usually large• always perennial• sessile or eff'used- re:t'lexed1 ungulate to ap:ple.nate, oorlcy to woody, 11gn1colous; tubes strati- fied• sometimes separated by a layer of context, round• an1:.,-u.lar,or da.edaloid; spores hyaline or colored• smooth; setae and oystidia. present or absent. A single a:pecies, !,. ifjniariua has been reported from Utah, but no doubt others will be found here. Knight and Cottam (12) reported !• ap:glan- 19 {Gill.) also. However, it seems advisable to place this plant in the genus G@qge:r:-m.n.Sporopb.ores of rolYJ20X.qs,TraJnetes, Lenzites. and PAl!iAUAmay :persist for more than one season, but they do not comonly have stratified tube layers. *Fp?l}8Ejifjnjf;\ripft {L. ) Gill. Pilaus seasila, perennial, zonate~ ungulate, gra:y or brown to blaok: 1 smooth or velvety pubescent t¥hen young, rimose when old; :margin ob• tuse; context 1"..tsset brown*, woody, mnate. Tubes round, 3-6 pr. mm. white stuffed when old, up to 15nm. long per season; w:re surface snuff brown*, disse:pimants th.ick. On living or dead deciduous hosts throughout the year. Common on Pgm,;tu§• Collections: 1!'107, Knight (11} A number or old fl'u1tillS bodies of this :plant were observed on various hosts. No. FlO'l was collected on stumps and down logs or Betula fQ!&iVH&lis Sarg. The 'ba.sidiocar:ps of these specimens a.re quite an.all com- pared to the average size for the species, the largest measuring 3 X 6 X 4.5 cm. PglYpgruli.l (Mich.) Fries Basidiocarp annual (rarely persisting tor :more than one season), . lignicolous or terrestrial, sessile, ef:tused•reflexed 1 or stipitate; :fleshy, coriaceous, oorky, or woody; context varying in texture end oolor, often zonate; pores round to angular, rarely daedaloid or s:pli tting to tom teeth; tubes unifom.ly inserted in context, cy-stidia or setae present or absent; spores of various shapes and colors. 20 KEf'J to the Species of Polllorus 1. Pileus sessile or eff'used•roflexed, novor stipitate ••••• • 5 l. Pileus sti:oit!ite ••• , •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 2. Context white, whitish, or yellm, • • • • .E• aroulu.rius (4) 2. Con.text brown or brownish • • • • •••• • • • • • • • • 3. Context duplex, aporopho:re small, stir>e stout • J!• ciroinatua {'7} 3. Context not dU:)fax, spo:rophoro large or w.. all, st1pe stout or slender ••••• • •••• , •• • •• • " . . . . 4 4., Base of' stipe black, context light brown • • _t. J.?iOi1?9S(11) 4. Base of stipe not black, context dark• er• • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • .:E.•schweinitzii (13) 5. Pileus globose, tubes internal, enclosed by a volva •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .!:.•volvatus (16) 5. Pileus variously shaped, tube a exposed at w.aturt ty • • • • • • 6 a. Context bright orange or red • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• 7 6. Context white to grayisb. 1 tan, or brown• not bright red or orange ••• • •••• • ••••••••• • •• 8 ?. Baeidiooe.rp soft and spongy when fresh; pores large, 1-3 mm..broad, dissepim.ents often splitting and becoming tooth like; on coniferous "WO-Od•• • • • • • .!:.•a.lboluteus (3) '1. Be.sidioearp tough or rigid when fl"8sh, pores smaller, l-2 pr. mn., dissepiments not splitting; on deciduous, rarely on coniferous hosts •••• • ••• .f.• cinnabarinus (6) 8,. Context \'il'hite or whitish• light yellow or ochra.oeoua ••• 9 a. Context darker, sane shade of brown•. • •••••••• 17 9. fiymeniwn smoke colored to bl.a.ck• •••• • • • ••••••• 10 9. H:ymeniumnot mooke colored or black• • ••• • •• •. • •• 11 10. H:ymenium light gray or smoke colored; tubes and eontext ooneolorous •••••• • •••• •.!:.•b.irsutus (8) 10. Hymeniumdark gray or black; tubes and con ten of' dif'f erent color and consistency • • • • • • .!:.•,1dU:1)'18 ( 2 ) 21 11. Surface cf pileus zona.te, pubescent and hirsute zones alternating ••••••••••••• .f.• vernicolor (15) ll. Surface ot p1leus not zonate ••••••••••• • ••••• 12 12. Pileus oott and spongy or sodden or watery when fresh • • 13 12. Pileus not as above• •• • • • • • • • • • • ••••• • 16 13. Surface ot pileus 'White or wbitioh • • •. • ••••••••• 14 13., Surface of pileus IlOt white or whitish, turning b:ro1m u:pon drying • • • • • • • • • • • • • • r,. laP.,.1'.lOnicua ( 9) 14. Context du::;;lex. 1~re surface J:1.ottui-ning blue or green- ish when touched or bruised • •••• !• leucospg!!fii,e. {10) 14, Conte..n not du:plex, pore surface turning blue or greenish when touched or bruised •• • , • f• caesius {5) 15. x~'!l'roniumpurplish--at least ¥l11~ youri,g •• • •••• • • • • • 16 16. Hyr:1enium.never purplish • • • • • • • • II e • • • E.•hirsutus (8) 16, Pileus more than 4 ll'lr.le thick, on wood of deciduous plants • • • • • • • • 11 f• subohartaceous (14) 16. Pileus leas than 4 nm1,thick; plants on wood of coniferous trees• •• , • 11. • 11 • • 11 .f.• abietinus (1) 17, Pileus thin, hymenium purplish \ becoming licht bmvm b at;e. Tubes round or Rne;ula.r when young, dissepi- Collections: FJ.6 This plant is vary closely related. to E.• subeh.artaceous. The collection reported wa.s tAkon from a log of Abiel'l ooneolor. Pil0u.s sessile or offu.aod. reflexed, solitary or tmh:rieate, densely tomentose, light buff to ivory yellor,r't' in color, thin, coriaceous, azoMte, up to 4 em. across; context white to pallid or lip'.:,ht buff; :rnu:rgin tl1in, acute, sterile. 'rubes round, minute, 4.-6 pr. nm•• deep pl\Ullbeous* to dark purplish gray* in color. S:riore~ h.yi3.line, smooth, ell:tptie, l.5-2.5 X 3-5 micra.. Plants solitary or i.mbricnte. on ivood of deoicluouf'! trees. Oollections: Fl 7:3, Knight & Cottam {l.2} (3) PQl.'\!:9S?ll¼Bp,J;boluteµ13, Ell. & Everh. Pileus seaeile, effused retloor.ed or resu.pina:te, up to 15 er"• v,i.de, bright Ora.11€:eill color. often tuming white in age, pubescent; context w1th KOH oolution. Tubes 1:c·reiSUlar, rmf,Ule.r; d.isst!'l:piments thin, often lacerate or 1rpic1tom. Commonon spruce, often enveloping twigs and needles or forming great sheets over stumps or logs. Collections: 1103, USAC• (4) ~ol;t.I!Qll\§ Q&'C}\l~ ( L.) Fr. 'Re-ported by Knicht and Cotta ...Yl ( 12) f'l."Olll Salt lake County: "Solitary on deoe.yed uood • October. !ni're;_ uont." { 5) J:o~.yJ)Ol"US (SchrRd.) Fr1.es P:Um1.s sessile or effused '.l'."e'.':'J.exod,white or bluish 0ro~r • ver (6) Po~s. eiru;t~bp.,ri:r:p~ ( Jf'\Ctl•) Fr:l.es Pileus sessile or effused :reflexed, scarlet, oonchatet 3-12 cm. vdne • tough spongy• slightly encrusted, perennial or producing :ciore than one layer of' tubes each year; mn.rgin obtuse, sterile; context orange to scarlet, po:re surface scarlet, darkoo.ing upon drying, :pores round, Slnl'All, 2•3 pr. mm..;diasep1Jnenta thin. Plants scattered, on vK>Odof deciduous troas. Collections: Fl04. '!'ha collection 1"€)JJO!'tedhoro v11.:..!l taken f'ro:m trun.ko of Betula 1'g11t,naj.ia Sa.rg. The conspicuous stratified tubes are not typical of the genus fgj.yugrµp. 24 ( 7) P,2lWl'lY! cµ-m.natus Fri es Pileus densely tomentose, yellowish brown, i:ndistinctly zona.te, circular to dimidiate, convex• often proliferatillg secondary pilei from its surface, 2-5 om. broad; margin whitish, sterile• thin, acute; context brown, zonate, soft and corky 1 0.2-1.5 om. thick. Stip:e usually central, short, thick, tomentose. Tubes irregular, aXJgulnr, brown with white mouths, 2-4 pr. mm. J d1ssep1ments thin. Spores bye.line, smooth, elliptic, 3-4 X 4.5- 5.5 micra; setae abundant, brown, subula.te. Plants solitaey or clustered, often faseiated. On soil under conifers. Collections: 1!'143 (8) PplYRQfY.Shir,sµtus ( 1ful:f) Fr. Pileus sessile or ef:f'Used reflexed, :lmbricate or aoli tary • appla.nate or :f'labellifonn, thin, tough fibrous, densely :pubescent, zonate 1 light yellowish brown, 2•15 cm., across; margin thick, sterile; context white to pallid. Pores 3-4 pr. mm, slightly angular, On stumps of ~• Oollectionst 145 {9) PS?lm.lB§ &PP.2P:+OUSRommall Pileus sessile, effused reflexed, or imbricate, thiok, fleshy• sodden whtm wet• light reddish brown to whitish in color, darkeniJJg on drying, azon.ate, radially striate and often coarsely folded; margin thick, sterile, Tubes snail, rounded, 1•5 pr. mn. dissepiments thin, a.cute often breaking down. Spores ell1ptio 1 hyaline, smooth, 2.3-3 X. 6.5-10 micra; cystidia short cylindric. Plants solitary or scattered, on decorticated logs o:t coniferous trees, Collections: Fl56 25 (10) fl!J.nlRitiSJieuoos,wng~1 Cooke & llark. Pileu.s sessile or effused reflexed, white, dry, pubescent, very sort al3d s:pongy• concbate; margin thick, sterile; context white, very sort fibrous. Tubes rounded, about 2 pr. llll'le, disaepiments thin. Plants solitary or scattered, rather conmon on l"Otted coniferous logs. Collections t n4l (ll) Poln?.Qru..aP,!c,tpes Fries Pileus dry, striate, fibrous, tough, umbillioate to intundibuliform, chamois* to buekthom brown* in color, o.5-l.3 X 2•9 om.; margin straight or inourved. Stipe tough, woody1 black beloiv, blending into the ivory yell~ of the hymenium. Tubes 5 pr. nm., deourrent, disse:pir1ents wide. Plants solitary, scattered. On rotted twigs, sticks, and stumps. ColleotiomH 1'99, Knight and Cottam (12) (12) PQ;l.y;PPfMs.rJle&de,s (Pers.) Fries Pileus sessile, 1mbricate, Ul'lgulo.ta, densely pubescent, zonate, yellow to orange when trash, turning v.tlitish to terruginoua on drying; margin thick, sterile; context zonate, tough fibrous, light brown in color. 'lubes sma.l.l and rounded, 2•3 pr. nm., diasep1ments thick, acute; pore surface buff to light brown, turning brown when bruised. Spores brown, smooth, ovoid, 4-6 X 5-8 miora. Plants solitary or scattered on dead aspens. Collections: r22 ( 13) F9,QIJ29l9§ schn&Aita,11, Fries Pileus large, 25 cm. broad, substipita.te, dimidia.te to circular, convex, surface apricot orange* to brown., densely tomentose, o.5 to 2 am. thick; margin concolorous, thick• sterile; pore sur:f'a.ce yellowish to 26 tawny olive*, turning black when wounded or bruised. Pores irregular, angular, l-2 pr. nm. vm.enYOUllt1 • often becoming up to 5 mm. across in age• Context light brown, darkening quickly when exposed to air. Oyatidia bye.line. Spores bys.line, e1J.1ptic, smooth, 4-5 X s-s micra. Plants solitar-i. gro\dng on deoortica:ted wood in mixed forest. Collections: Fl42 A single specimen of this plant was tound in the area of Aspen Grove. (14) Pglyp,Qfl!J:! subC~@iCOOUS, (Murr.) Overh. Pileus sessile or eftuaed reflexed, often imbricate, concha.te, sometilllSs com:tluent, up to 10 cm. broad, tomentose, zonate, buff' to gl'9.Yish in color, tough to coriaceous·; contei-t white to pallid, duplex; margin thin; :pore surface violet to pinkish when young, becoming brownish in ago. Tubes roWld or angular, disae1Jiments thin and la.cerate or irpicifonn. in age. Spores cylindric to allantoid, smooth• hyaline • 2•3 X 'l-9 miora. 0()11'.lrnOnon deoiduous hosts, particularly aspen. Collectiona: 1!'17'7, Knight a.:m'lCottam. (12) (15) l?gJ.yporµs V!fs&col91 (L.) Fries Reported by Y.night and Cottam (12) :f'or Salt Lake County: "Imbri• cated, on deciduous trees. Spring and Sumner. Cot'lnon." (16} P9lY;QgtY,SVO,lVQUS Pk, Reported by Knight and Cottam (12) :for salt Lake County: "Oregariou.i on Spruce trees, October. Fairly cor1r.:.on." 1r~~s a!.PJtida.Pass. Plants sessile or effused re:flexed • often 1Ir..br1oate; grayish tan and almost glabrous when youne;, becoming darker am densely velvety to hispid when old; margin thick• tertile; context light brown, tough fibrous. 27 Pores irregularly ti!l..;ular, 0.5--1,5 mm.,ride, b:ro,m with white east wben young; dissepimants thick, often splitting. Sl)Ores hyallne• smooth, c;.rlin- dric, 3-4 X 12-15 mi era, Ver:, conmon on dead vJOodof Pomalus. Collectionsi F38, ¥..m.ght am Cottam (12) Leyite§ M,e:gi§J;'J§ (Wulf• ) Fries Pileus sessile or af'tused reflexed, oeoasionally imbricate, lie;ht to da:rk b1"0wnin eo1o:r1 strigose tomentose to velvety; margin. thick, fertile; context brown, touch :fibrou.CJ to woody, Tubes lar.iellate except near the edge of the pileus, brom, thick, i!'I'egularly angular, more or less radially disposed; tl"'8Illal b_vphe.ebrown under the :microscope. Spores byal.ine. smooth, cylindric to alla.ntoid, 7:>-4X 6•10 miera. Oystidia a.cm.ta, saootimea encrusted, projecting only slightly above the hy:111enium. Plants solitary or grega.rioua, on con.iferous wood, Collections s F205 28 Pmu Agaricales FwJ;r Boletaoea.e Key to the Genera oi' the Bole;acae l. Pores very sma.111 round••.• • •. • • • • • • teacY!,iu:m.(1) 1. Pores large 1 radially elongate •••••••• • Bolet~n.us (2) (l) MJSU?inama;u.nmjicm (Bull. ex Rogers) s. F. Gray Pileus dry• coral red* minutely scaly or snooth, cracld.Dg toward center. fleshy, up to 16 cm. broad, marc;in straight, slightly exceeding pore surtace when YOUl'.181pileu.s tlW!lS. decaying rapidly after maturity, showing tints of blue and pink when cut. Stipe fleshy fibrous, bulbous at base, slightly attenuated, surface covered with innate scales. Tu.bes minute, round• 2•3 pr. mm., surtace ivoey yello~ • se:pa.rating easily trom pileus. Spores fusoid, smooth, opaque 3.4-4 X e-12.5 micra. l?l.an:ts solitary and scattered but quite comnon under aspens. Collections: FllO Note: Consi (2) Maa.mtsla}ce.1, (Murr.) Sixlger Pileus dr., with large, innate, brick Nd* scales, convex, fleshy, decaying rapidly after maturity 1 4-10 cm. across; p1leus tl'SJ'Dapale green yello_. changing to cream color when exposed to air, later tum!Dg yellow again; margin incurved when young. stipe fleshy fibrous, vinaceous cinna- mon* and. snooth or fibrous scaly below, reticulate ridged and showing tints ot lemon yellowF above, 1-2 X 3-5 cm. Tubes honey yellow" to olive yellor in color, turning brown when bruised or in age, large, angular, radially elongate; diasepiments thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptic, smooth, 5-4 X 6•9 miora. 29 Plants solitary, scattered in coniferous forest. Collections:: 1124 30 l. '!'re.ma of pileus itlld gills eGntnirdng neats ot s:phacro• cysts among :f.'ilamentous hyphae • • • • • • • • • • Russul.e. ( 1) l. Trama of p1leus and gills filamentous to psoudoparenchy- ma.tous but not with nesta ot sphacrooysts • •• • ••• • • • 2 2. Spores smootr or ol"namented• hymenim:i.not \WJ::/:Y• • • • • • 3 3. Basid1ocarp rov1vinc when r:i.oistoned, usually to'l.lf",hfibrous in texture • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 3. Basid1oearp not reviving when moistened, soft and fleshy or :f'r.lg!lo • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • •• • • • 6 4 • Gi 11 edges se1Tate • • • • • • • • Lant inus e;ra:thif ormi ("3) 4. G-ill edt;es entire • • • • • •••••••••••• •• 5 5. sti1:>e eceantric, lateral• or lacking • • • • • • • Pl:_Olll'Otuf!_(8) • • • • • • • • • • • s. Spore deposit white to crea.rn-colored or pale vinaceous • 7 6, Spore deposit :pink or ochraoeous to dark brown or black. 19 7. Sti:p,a eccentric, la.teral or la.eking • • ••••• • Pl.eu.rotus (8) 7. Stipe central• • • ••• , • • • • • ••••••• . .. ' . • 8 s. Neither volva nor annulus present •••••••••••• 11 a. Plants ,d t:h volva or annulus or both •••••• • • •• • 9 9. Both volva and a..,inulus :present • • • • • • •••• • &!,mita (17) 9• tinnu;l.us but no volva. present ••• • • • ••••• • • • • • • 10 10. Cl-ills free from stipe, pileu.a and stipe re.adily separating • • • • • • • • • • • • • Le121o;tana.uoina (16} 10. Gille attached to stipe, pileua tra:ma and stipe con ... fluent, not readily separable • • • • • • Ar.millaria (10) 11. i3ti~,o slender, o=- co.r.,.;ilagir;.ous if thick und i'lesl:l:y • •••• 12 11. iltipo :flezl~" • • . . . " . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 15 12. Sti:pe b!'i)':iJ:lo.:nd horny in. c:onoistency, c;illo decurrent • • • • • • • • • • Xerom:RAAlina_cant:12!,A:e!J:!i ( 4} 12. Stipe not horny in consistency, gills tree or variously atto.chod ...... • •• • ••••• 13 J.3. Gills strongly dceu.r:rent • • • • • • • Ot1:e,l1a1_lit]A e;:;ii~h;csiun ( 5) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .14 14. Marcin of 1)1.l(ms straiGht • • • • • • • • • • ~cena. { 7) 14. 1',1'r·.rc~.nof pil ous st;:roncl..: incmrvcd • • • • • • CoJJ;ib!i\( 6) 15. Spores anyloid. • •• • ••• • • • • • • • • • •••••• 16 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 17 16. Plants la:;;,ge ancl tough ...flcah~t • coruro1cuous wJcelium :1.n debris S11rt"Ounding st1pe • k!9:[email protected]'U:s.albissimus (12) 16. Plants rather fragile, not with conspicuous mycelium i.n wrrounding debrie • • • • • • • • • f!elanoleuo.~ (15) 17. Gilla decu:crent • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 • • • •••••• Lep1sta oordia (13} 18, Bas1d1a with granules which stain dalit in acetoca.mine • • •. • • , , • , • •,, m~!izl).um (14) 18. l3as1d1a not with gnmules im.ioh stain dark in acoto 23. Spore deposit yellowish brown, margin of' pileus straight.• •••• • • ••• • •••• • ••• 02:nocy;t:,e(21) 23. Spore deposit dull earthy brom 1 margin of pileus incurved when yo'Ullg•••••••••••• • •• fle!jroczbe (22) 24. Gills conspicuously anastomosing • readily sal)al'able f'rom trama oi' pileus 11 margin of' pileus strongly incurred ••••• :E,uillqs invoJ;utus (19) 24. Not as above• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 25 25. Stipe cartilaginous • • •••• • • • • iii • • • • • Tu.barta ( 20) 26. Stipe tleshy •••••••••••••••••••• • ••• 26 26. Plants ligru.colous • • • • • • • • .Pholiota au.rivella (26) 26. Plants terrestrial • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 2ll. Pileus viscid• ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • 27. Pileus dry and f'ibrillose. • • • • • • • • • • • • Inoczbe {25) 28. Gills deliquescing at maturity.•.•. • • Conrinus (31) 28. Gills not deliquescing. • • • • • • • • • • • •••• • 29 29. Cuticle ot pileus composed of r-adially a.l'Tl;.U.lgedbyJ)hae. • •• 30 29. Cuticle of pileus psau.dopa.renohymatousor a palisade of vesioulose cells• ••••••••• • ••• • ••••• 31 30. Gills tree, stipe readily sel'.)arable from :pileus • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • 1)i1£icus {28) 30. Gills attached, ati:pe and :pileus confluent, not readily separable• ••••••••••• Stro;eAA£1! (27) 31. Gills oonspicuously spotted "by maturing spores • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • PeeolrB@ ( 30) 51. Gills not conspicuously spotted by maturuig spores • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • !Dboloma (29) 33 (l) lg&§§UJ.qs. F. Gray Basid1ooarp centraJJ:y st1pita.te, :f'leshy, coarse 'but fragile, lack• ing annulus and volva, often brightly colored. Trame. of pileus and gills containing nests of s:phae:roeysts among the filamentous hypha.e• :not exuding latex when cut or broken. Spores white to cream colored* verrucose to retiaulate, strongly amyloid. £9W§lll&¼W!Ui:R!!R (Britz) Romm.ell Pileus smooth, slightly moist when young, thick, fleshy, convex to plane or conoave at ma:turi ty, straw yello~ in color, 6•10 cm. 'broad• dry when old; margin ineurved. Stipe fibrous, smooth or slightly striate, thick, stutted, 1.25-2.5 X 4.5-7 cm., cream colored. Gills thin• acute, narrow, aubcrowded, maize yellor' in color, adnate. Spores white, opaque, strongly a:myloid, echinulate to subretioulate, ovoid to broadly elliptic, 6.2-7 .a X 'l .s-9 .4 mi.era; trama of pileus and stipe continuous, consisting of nests of sphaerocysts surrounded by tila:too:ntous connective hyph.u.e; pleurooystidia abundant, clava.te, mucronate, containing refractive contents. Plants solitary, scattered; moist ooil under Betula font,ip.NJ:s Sarg. Collections: FlOO Note the spores measure slightly larger end ab.ow a greater tendency to be reticulate than those of typical 11•:t&S,ni;i!S• !9:U\H'!YJ&aetiea Fr. Reported by Knight and Cottam (12) tor Salt lake County: "Scattered or gregarious 1n coniferous vJOOds. September. Cotil!!lOnon locality :round." ( 2) !mromoN Fri es Ba.sidioearp centrally stipitate, fleahy, la.eking annulus and volva, trams. not containillg nests or spha.erocysts; gills with a waxy lustre, 34 variously attached, gill t:ra.ma interwoven, :parallel, or divergent; a:pores white in mass, smooth, am;rloid or non-amyloid. nrra:spagrus cQ!lioM§ Fr. Pileua dry 1 shiny glabroua 1 yellow to bright orange-red when young, becoming dark reddish bretm at maturity, narrowly conical when young I later o~ulate and :finally plane at ma.turtty 1 thin. 1 fragile, 2.5.5 om., often with prominent ·wnbo; margin slightly incurved when young, later turning up and with a tendency.to split. stem rough vnth longitudinal fibrous ridges, eartilae;inous 1 :fragile, hollow, yellow to orange red, often flattened and with a tendency to split longitudinally givi:ns the ap:pean.nce ot fasciation, 2-10 :mm.X 3-6.5 Clll• Gills orange yellow, tree, mibd1stant, wa:x:y, acute. Spores white in :mass, opaque under roierosoo))e, auboylindrlc, 4,7•6,2 X 9.4-11.7 miera, not amyloid. Basid1a filled with granular substance; cuticle a pelliole ot radially arranged colored hypbae, pileus trama cellular, gill trama pa.rail.el, cyst1dia lacking. Pl.ants solitary or clustered; on moist soil under 1\f?er. Collections, F45 ;Hze;ro:paorusrnss.P,la :rr. Reported by Jr.night and Cottam ( 6) from Salt Lake County: ttseattered and grega:r:lous. in coniferous woods. September. Commonon locality found." (3) Lent;lllY,I cy.atp,if9l'm:is (Sahaeff.) Brea. Pilaus dry 1 mum b~ in color with tiny innate, tawny* scales, soft and pliable when ycung, toUe?.hwhen dry, flesh white, reviving when moistened, 8-10 c:m. broad; :margin ineu.rved. stem dry, scaly, pubescent, short, thick, fibro\1$. Gills imite to cream colored• thin• acute, with wavy serrate margin, broadly decurrent and ana.stomosing, especially below, where they becom.e poroid, then diminish to floccose patches. Spores white 35 in mass, opaque, elliptic, smooth• non-al'l1Yloid1 4-5 X 10-14 mi.era; gill tra.ma subparallel• cystidia lacldng, pileus cuticle of thick walled, inter- woven, colored hyphae; bypha.e of' :pileus tl"allla. thick walled. Plants caes:pi tose; on rotted log 01" Po:rn:Jius t;:mi.yJ.s)ides. Apparently rare. Collections t 1113 (4) X@mn;p!¥\J.ina cqmmael;J.§ (Fr.) Kuhner & Maire Basid1oearp thin, delicate, gla.brous 1 hyg:ro:phanous, striate, u:m- billicate, 4,.11 mm. broad, antimony yellmi" to ochra.oaous orange* in color, convex to plane; margin incurved. Stipe cartilaginous, smooth, gla.brous above With fine white pubescence below, eoncolorous with r,ileus above, darker nm horny in texture below; gills cream colored, thin, acute, d:J.midiate, decurrent, o.na.stomosing on stem, subdistant. Sl)Ores hyaline, elliptic 1 amooth, alllYloid, apieulate, 2.9""'4 X 5.6•'1.8 miora; oheilocystidia and pleu.roe7stidia. subeyllndric to :t'usoid; pileus cuticle f'ilmaentous • subgelati:nous. Plants densely clustered; on well-rotted coniferous logs. Collections: 1152 (5) 9m:Rhl24AieeI!iewi.Wl} (Pers. ex Fries) Q.uel. Basidiooarp thin, fleshy, delicate, light seal brown* in color, umb:1Uicate, convex to plane, snooth, glab:rous, 1-2.5 om. broad; margin incurved. 1 striate. Stipe conoolorous with pileus, smooth, even, solid, cartilaginous, 5•15nm. long. Gills conoolorous 1 tllin• aoute, dimidiate, broadly deeurrent, subdistant. Spores ,mite 1.n mass, opaque under the microaoope 1 elliptic, smooth, apieula.te, 4-6 X S...10 mi.era; ba.sidia 2 or 4 spored ,11.ithlong sterigmnta. Plants solitary or clustered; on well•rotted, moss-covered stump along stream. Collections: Fll9 CgJ.J.ybta {Fr.) ~uelet Basidiocarp centrally stipitate, fleshy, lacking annulus and volva, margin incurved v1hen young; sti:pe cartilaginous; gills attached but not decurrent; spores white in mass. coiJ:x.bi~wicpJ& Murr. Pileus llye:ro:phanoua, more or leas tough in consistency, eaxn.ps.nulate, chestnut brown* in color, 2.5 2 ...3 cm. Gills white "'hitll bl"Own.ish tints, amarginate, subdistant. S:pores white in mass, hyaline, elliptic, smooth, non-amylo1d, 3-3.5 X 4.S-6.3 micra; gill trams. sub-parallel, cl.a.mpconnections conspicuous; cuticle undifferenti- ated, made up of interwoven hyphae which a.re more compactly arranged than :pileus t~; eheiloeystidia broadly undulate to lobed. Plants densely clustered; on moist soil among sage brush. Collections: l!'48 C9JJ.11?&i,A§§Wl {Fr.) Gillet P:ileus convex to r,lane, thin, fleecy. smooth or era.eking radially, hygrophanous, pale olive butt* to huffy brown*, disc oohraoeous taitmy*, margin inr.nl-""Vedwhen you.ng, 2 ...9 c.m.• broad. Stipe tough cartilaginous. smooth, i.hite to cream buff* in color, hollow or stutted, o.5-2 X 4-7 cm.• otten flattened or :f'asoiated, central or slightly exoentrio, confluent w.1th pileus. Gills wh:l.te, thin, aeute, 1.U.m.idiate, ad.nexed, appearing free in age, margins sanewhat serrate. S:pores white in mass, opaque under the mierosoo:pe, anooth, apiculate, elJ.1pt1c, 2.9.3.5 X 5.8-8.7 miora; eystidia la.eking; :pileus cuticle with a. thin :pelliole of gelatinous hy:pbae. '$1 Plants clustered; on rotted logs of l?oJJu.luatremuloides. Collections: Fl30 Col,1,y;lli,a P-dr£~;tz:imyll&i_{.Fr.) ,l,Uelet Basid.iocarp fleshy, large, up to 15 am. across, convex to plane or wlth :recurved murgin, often splitting, dry', grayish tun 1n color. Stipe cartiJ.ae:inous to fles~·, hollow or stuffed, concolorous with pileus, often apli t•ti:ng flattened 01~ fe.sciated, 1-2 X 5•10 cm. Gills wide, subdista.nt, ad.nute or adnexed. .Jr,oi'cs 1.ii'hite in mas, su10oth, elliptic, non•amyloidt 4.5-G X 'i-9 r..i~ra.; -pleurooyatidia lacking, che1locystidia variable: pileus tl'."' Plants solitary or gregarious; on moist soil 1.l'.I.mixed forest. Colleetionr. ; Fl39 The unusual size of this :plant is a very cliaracteristic feature, but this teeether with the almost flesh~· stipe make it difficult to place it in the proper genus. c2,&Xl?i1@'.ti:3ncti~es Pk. Reported by Knight and Cottam (5) :from Salt lake Countys "Caes:pi- tose1 under low shrubs on very moist ground. September. Infrequent.fl CoU;y;pi~xe!ut.ne§ Fr. Pileus moist to viscid, fleshy, convex to plane, tawny around margin to dark brown toward center 1 margin incttrVed 1 1.5 ...3 cm.. broad. Stipe cal'tilaginous, hollow. floecose pu.bescent, brown bel.ovr, yellow to light tan above, 4-9 mm. X 2... 5 Oin.. Gills white adnex: Plan.ts densely caespi tose; commontril'Oughout tl1e year on various 'WOodyhosts. Collections: FBB, Fll'l, Knieht and Cotta."71{12) Note: Thio is one of. the commonest members oi' the QSa.,r.1,c,..c.~~.!. found 1n Utah. Living frt1:S.tir1;::7,bodies h£1ve been observed by the writer during every nonth of tho year. (7) Mycop.a {Fr.) s. F. Gray Ilasic'l.iocarp centrally sti;.,itate, fleshy, generally with a I"dther delicate uspoot • lacking annulus and volva, imrgin of p1leus strroght, a:ppressed aga1.n.'5t :rileus when young; stiJ.)8 ea.rtilaeinous; 3ills attached but not decurrent; spores white in r1aas, a,cyloid or non.•al!!Yloid. ~ceru;~o;m.,s (Fr.) ,..,;uelot Pileus hyc;ropha.nous, flesbf., conical with p:rominent umbo, grayish vinaceous* to vinaceous brown* in color• flesh thin, 1-2.2 am. bi"Oad; margin straight, closely a;ppreeaed to stipe when JOUDg,serrate, striate. Stipe cartilaginous. vinaceous, glabroua above, white pubescent at base, 1•2 X 4-9 cm. Gills wrJ.te or pinkish, adnexed, thin, acute, distant. Spores white 1n mass, hyal1ne und.er microscope, elliptic, 4.<....-6.1 X 7-12.2 micra.; :pleu.:rocystidia and cheilocystidia ubunde..nt, fusoid ventrieose with long, acute, s:pino-lil::e t11, and ls.teciferous contont; stipa clothed with similar oaulocye1;id1a; cu:t;icle a pellicle of' gelatinous byphP.e. Plants ca.oap3.toso; on 1ve1J_-rotted logs of' ]'oW}.us t4epulpides. Collections i 1U9 59 :f;'f3'.geag;y;~oj,.ta!i Smith Pileus hygro:pbanous, ca:mpanulate, hair brown.* to pale olive buff'* in color, thin, fragile, with prominent umbo, 2-3.5 cm. broad, margin 1n... curved when young. Stipe smooth or fibrlllose, cartilaginous, not bulbous 1 hollow, splitting spi:rall.y, 3-6 mm. X 5-8 cm. Gills adnate to subdecurrent, thin, acute, dl:m:ldiate, white or grayish on margin, lir,ht mouse grayfif'on sides. Spores white 1n mass, ovate to elliptic, smooth, 3,,,,4:X 4.5-6.5 micra; cheiloeystidie. narrowly cylindric to spatula:te, often undulate, pleuroayst1dia rare. similar to the cheilocystidia. Pl.ants solitary or clustered; on well•rotted log. Oollection.B t 1135 l'{cav J!:1.rJ!.{Fr. ) Q,uelet Pileus hygrophanous, glabroua, convex, sometimes almost :plane at maturity, v:tnaoeous gray* in color, brownish on disc, 1-2.5 cm. broad• flesh thin, margin straight. stipe conaolorou.s, cartilaginous, hollow, attenll.ated above, wh1te pubescent at base• 3-7 mm. :X l-4 cm. Gills grayish• marginate, adne:md, thin, acute, subdistant. Spores white in mass, hyaline under microseo:pe, sm.ooth, elliptic, apioulate, 3-4 X 6-8 mi.era; pleuroeystidia saccate to clavate, cb.eilooystidia and caulocystidia ot the same type; outiole e. pellicle of' gelatinous hypba.e. Plants solitary or clustered on ground in mixed forest. Collections: Fl48 (8) Pleurptu1 (Fries) l(.uelet Basidiocarps fleshy, stipe aecentrlo • lateral or laoldllth pileus convex or plane to depressed, lacking annul.us and volva; gills broadly adnate to decurrent, otten anastomosing; s})Ores white or pale lilac or pink; mostly lignicolous. 40 fJa»:m.lJl!9@$ ~Y.§ ( 1acq. ) Fri es Pileus moist, glabrous I cinnamon but~ to sepia* in color• tlaballif'o:rm, thin fleshy, 9-19 X 13-26 cm., margin thin. stipa very short or la.eking• thick and tough, fleshy, densely t'loccose pubescent. Gills mite, thin, acute, dacurrent, sometimes anastomosing. Spores white 1n mass, hyaline under the :microscope smooth, elliptic, apieulate, 5-4 X 9•13 miora, oystidia lacking• Solitar.r or clustered, imbrieate; on. wet logs or stumps. Oollections: F69 1 Knight and Cottam (12) ,f.leµ,mj;ugpajjA19ides (Bull) :rr. Pileu.s dry to moist but not viscid, glabrous, dark brown in color, convex to plane I often umbilllca.ta I fleshy I conch.ate, oft on imbricate; margin incurved, lighter in color. Stipe lateral, solid, fleshy, vary short, Gills white, decurrent, anastomosin{h acute, subdietant. Spores hyalill8 1 elliptic, 4.2-5 X 'l.4-10 micra; pleurocyatidia abundant, ventri- cose, acute• thick-walled, in.crusted; cheiloc.ystidia ot two types: some are similar to the pleurocyst1dia, others are vantricose or filamentous, capitate; cuticle a thick pellicle of radially arranged gelatinous hyplme, pelliole a:nd subeuticular layer of compact f ilmnentous hypha.e containing brown piglnent. Plants scattered, alone strea.rnside. Collections t F50 Note: Knight and Cottam (12) reported a similar plant under the name PJ:!Yl,9tu1 s;r;a;tasl.§1;es Fr. This was probably a lighter colored form ot the same species. P~j;µs §ipidµs Kalch Reported by Knight and Cottam {12) from Salt Lake County: "Densely 41 1mbrica:ted 1 on logs end stumps. Found throughout the year. Common." \ 9) ~-1';§ .ml• Reported by Kni{;ht and Cottam (12) from So.lt Luke County: Pileus i to 3/4 inohes broad, convex then soon expanded, smooth 1 light butf with darker center; :f'l.esh thin, tough; Gills narrow, close, adna.te to stam, whitish; stem½ to 1 inoh long, slender, equal, cartilaginous, confluent with cap but of different texture; minutely pubescent at base, conoolorous a.t apex with car>, base darker brown, not rooting; spores, spherical to su.bglobose, whitish, 3 to 4 by 2.5 to 3 microns. On Douglas Fir cones. Septer.-iber. Comm.on. Pileus hygrophanous, viscid men YQUDg• st:riate near the margin, buff pink* in color, thick and. tough fleshy wri.ere attached to stipe, very thin and t':ragile elsewhere, convex to plane at maturity, often umbillicate., 5-12 cm. broad, mrgin in.curved when yo'Ullg, striate. Stipe bulbous, attenuated above, tough fibrous 1 stuffed 1 loJJGitudinally striate 1 cinnamon drab* to pale mouse gray* 1n color; reri..n:-.illtof thin, memb1'8.llOUS annulus adhering to the stipe in most specimens, 0.4-l.4 X 2-8 am. Gills butf pink* thin, acute, distant., adnexed and slenderly decurrent. Annulus thin, mi.era; eheilocystidia clavate to spatulate. Plants solital"Y' or clustered; moist soil, grassy places under Po~s and probably growing f'ram buried wood. Collections i 196 Note: This organism is widely known in some areas as the causal agent of a disease lmown as "raushroom root rotu. Smith (21) reJ.)Orts it as being either saprophytic o:r :parasitic and "• • • • usually around the bases of trees or stumpS of either hardwood or coniferous trees". The form being :re:ported here see:m.s to be somewhat atypical 1n that the speci- mens were mostly scattered and were rather pink in color. 42 (11) C;t;itoe;tb_ec9ipdieans Fr. Reported by Knight and Cottam (12) from Salt Luke County: "Gregarious. awng underbrush in da:!:r.;.pplaoes. Septamb.Jr. Fairly common." (12} LsYtCOJlpdllus alb!ssimus v,ir·. )XU'ado:x:u.s {Coat. and Duf.) ~- &. §m,U}l Pileus convex to plane w1th slightly depressed center; cream white in color with f'aint ochraceous tints toward. the center, dry, glabrous, smooth, margin involute. Flesh white, tough, odor farinaceous. Gills whitish, subdistant to crowded, narrow. separating from the :pileus. Stipe thick, solid, tough, white, squamulose to pubescent. Subhymenium thin. Spores ovoid to elliptic, verrucose, strongly am:yloid, 4,5-5.5 X 6•8 miora; cheiloeystidia and pleurocystidia lacking. Moist soil under Douglas 1'1r. Oollactions; 1198 (13) Lepisjp. soiL'5lii§ (Fr,) Sing. Pileus hygrophanous, :tleshy, thick, broadly convex, becoming plane or slightly depressed and often splitting irregularly from the center at maturity, brownish to e.vellaneous* or tilleul•buf't"1" in color, drab* when wet; margin ot p1leus in curved when young• often recurved at maturity, 3.5-12 cm. broad. Stipe fleshy, thick, solid, continuous with pileus, smooth to su.lcate, vinaceous to violet in color, covered ,,1th white :tibrillose pubescence, 8-12 mm. X 3-6 cm. Gills a.dne:x:ed, becoming sinuate or mna.rginate at :ma.turi ty, vinaceous to pallid in color, thin, acute. Spores white in :mass, ovate to broadly elliptic, basidia 2 or 4 spored, Plants solitary or clustered; moist soil under Po:pµlu~, tdlob13i1,.. cqmYJ! s;toJmMt1r1. Collections: !'193 Note: The spores of this collection average larger than nol'!l'.al for the species, possibly bocause of the 2•sll()red basidia which were found conmon:ty in this collection. (14) L;vQ;phYlJ,umml• Pileus drJ, shiny• glabrou!l in uge, cream* to dresden brown* in color, broadly convex to plane, often reticulate striate, 1.5-7 CM. broad 1 thick• tough fleshy• covered with very fine white pubescence When young, often :f'asciated, margin inou.l'"'.Ted. Stipe t:i:d.ck, tough fleahy 1 smooth, pubescent vmen yol.Ul{;1 solid 1 attenuated, often faseia.ted, arising from thick, tuberous su.bterranoo.n body, ·white to cream* in color, 1... 2 X 2-4.5 cm. Gills grayish ·to light cream*, adnate. often emarginate 1 subdistant, thin, acute, S:pores white in mss, globos9 1 SI!lOOth1 5-6,.2 miera; eystidia lacking. Plants solitary to densely clustered or oae~:pitos1J; growing from the u.nderside of ~'18ll•rotted logs and twig/'3 of Acer and A.hies in moist soil under Bfttu.Ja. Oollect1oll3: F94 Mote: This collection belongs to 'the same specie a as no. 19476 or Dr. 1Uemnder :a. Smith in the University of Michigan herba.rium. Dr. Smith has not yet P'J.blished the description of this species. ( l5) 1~JA?\S?leac!.~- Pileus smooth, oar:11:>anula.te·when young, later convex• often umbili• cate 1 light raw u..'11berin color, 2-6,6 cm. broad, margin in.curved. stipe solid, fleshy, concolorous with pileus, 2-6 mm..X l-5 om. Spores ovoid to broadly ellipt1o 1 white inrriass, strongly a:myloid 1 coarsely eehinulate, with distinct suprahilar depression, 4.7•6.3 X 6.3-8.5 micra; pleuro- eyst1dia. rare, very nurrowly cylindrical, tapered to a long :point, incrust- Plants solitary or clustered; moist soil in open places. aspen-- fir belt. Collections: F40 Mote: Accurate determination or the species of this plant w•a.s not possible. It is in the seet1on vulga.ris of Singer (;:JO}. (lG) Lenis,ta naucina Fr. Reported by Knight and Cottam (12) from Salt Lake County: 1 "Gregarious• among grass and brush in damp :places. September. Infrequent. ' (17) i~ta (Fr.) s. F. Gray Bas1diooarp fleshy• celltrally stipitate• white to brightly colored, both annulus and vol vs. present, {tho'Uf-.,h annulus may be E~vanescent in some and volvu may be reduced), gills tree; spores wl1ite iu :trl!lss, arnyloid or non~loid• gill tramo. divergent. ~SM:ita 1Mura1<1Secrtttan ?ileus dry• ahin.y glabrous • pullid neutral g~ in color, f1-ag• ments ot' volva rar1aining as broad irregular :patches which adhere closely to the surlace of' thu :pileus, broadly conical when young, later convex or plane, flesh tough, cuticle s~pa.rating readily :from flesh, 5-10 cm. broad, often spli tti.ng radially• margin straight• stria to. Stipe scaly 1 pubescent, white, fibrous, hollow. Gills white with tints of :µink \vb.en old, free or slightly adnexed With decu:i.•reut line• relativel:t thick, acute. Ring evanescent. Volva. separating uround :margin of :p:Ueus, upper :po.rt remaining on surface oi' pileus as broad, irregular patches. :J:pores globose, smooth, opaque, non•Oll'!Yloid1 9.5-12.5 Llicra; cheilocystidia abun- dw1t, sa.ocute to globose on short pedicel; gill tram.a c.ivergant; pileus cuticle a gela.tinous :polliclo of inten110ven hyphuo. 45 Plants solitary, scattered but commonin locality; under aspens. Collections; Flll ~$1 pha&~O~de@Fr. Re:ported by Knight end Cottam ( 12} as being infrequent in coniferous -woods during September. (16) P;tM,ttv:@Fries Besidiocarp :fleshy• separating readily from stipe; stipe central, fleshy to cartilaginous; gills free, volva and annulus lacking; spore deposit pink or cream colored (rarely), gill tra.ma convergent. P;J.uJ,m.sce;aJn;M Pk. Pileus drsr, smooth, dingy, plane or oon-vex, thin, i'leshy, separa- ting easily from the sti:pe, 5-8 cm. broad, margin straight• Stipe sr,.ooth silky white, fleshy. Gills free• white when young, pink in age , thin acute, dimidiate, crowded. Spores pink, ovoid, sn:ooth, 4-4.5 X. 5-7 m.iora; pleuroeystidia abundant; broadly fusoid, :rounded or flattened at the apex with 2 to 4 horn-like processes; gill tram.a convergent. Plants solitary, scattered; on decaying logs. Collections: Fl32 P2,uteu4 RURi !l\t• luteseeAA Fr. P1leus mist, thin, i'leahy • :f."rag1le, slightly concave to plane at maturity, umber brov.-n, often i'a.1.ntly striate near the r.1a.l"e;in, 1.5 ...4.5 om. broad• margin slightly uptumed at maturity. Stipe cartilaginous, fl'Q.(i;ile, hollow, light leDlOn yellow, often splittiDg longitudinally, slightly attenuated, 4-6 mm. X 1.5-3 cm, Gills leroo:o. yellow when young, yellow ochre when mature, subdista.nt• :Cree, acute, Spores suuglo'bose to ovoid, faintly ochraeeous in mass, 5.5-7 micra in dium.eter; pleurocystidia sacoate; cuticle o:f: pileue made up of a ll.ytnenitom layer 01' obpyrifon:n or 46 saocate cells with brown oontents. Plants solitar-J 01• clustered; growing f:ran. the base o:f' rotted stumps oi' ~• Colleotio:ns: F41 Note; Variety lutesce:ns of' this species is apparently not comm.on in !iorth iWlel'ica. l?;Lp,teu@top}&ntpsglus l'k. Pileus dry, t :pink in 1:riass, Sir.ootll, ovate to broadly elliptic, 5-7.8 micra.; cheilocysti• dis. al:ru.nda.nt, tusoid ventrioose; pleu:rocystidia un.oomrr..on,similar to cheilocystidia except large.rand 0roader. Plan.ts solitary; on well-I'Otted log in swampy area. Collections I Fl3'7 (19) I'WJ:J.usinvoJ;utµ5! (Bat sch ex Fr.} Fries Pilaus dry• smooth, glabrous, light butt* to russet,i. in color, broadly convex when young, becon.d.ng plane and often Utlbillioate at maturity, margin strongly incurved 1 striate; tlesh thick, cont1nuoua with stipe 1 colonial buff* in color, show"lDgvinaceous tin.ts whoo. exposed to the air, 6•15 em. broad. Stipe sroooth, stout, i'ibrous, solid, o1'ten eccentric or lateral, l-2.5 ii: 2-4 cm. Gills thin, uc:ute, adnate ,dth decur.rent lino, often reticulate anasto:ro.osing1 crovrdod• bariuu yello,1.,,;;,1-rhen yoUDg, turning a.rgus brown:.' wll.on bruit;ed, r.:w1w:nber>t in age, easily sepe.ruting i'rom the trat.ia of the pileus. Spores ochraceoua, ovoid to elliptic, apicule.te, 4ll Ple.nts solitary• scattered; :moist soil 1n open grassy areas at the edge of a.spens. Collections: Fl16 ( 20) 'luba.;;j.9ill• Pileus hygropha.noua1 thin, fleshy, scaly, o:C'tenwith re:m.uns of inner veil ao.haring to sm.•i'ace o:f cap just inside 'Ghe me.rgiz:.1 light cinnamon brown* in oolor, <',onvez to :;,lane or conciave, often slightly umbillica.te in age, margin incurved when young, uptumad, tcndins to become revol.ute at mutu.rl ty, l.2-4 em. broad,. S'ti:pe i'loshy, hollow, longitudinally striate with floocose pubescence, light tan or roddish brown in color, 5-9 mm. X l.3-4 cm. Gills adnate, thin, acute, slightly crowded, cinnexnon brown* in color. Yein evanescent, :l.'ibrillose. Spores oohraoeous in mass, taint yellow u.nde1· tll.e clcrosco:pa 1 elliptic• ,:1.5-G X 6.5-9 miera; cheilocystidiu. slender 1 cylindric to suboe,pitate; cuticular elements filaL1untoua 1 wttll promnent olanp connections imd brownish in• crusting pigments. Plants solitary or gregarious; noiat soil, often. attached to rotted twigs. Collections: F8? (21) CoAQ~yb~J,-c;tea Ls.nge Pileus dry·, thin, very deJ.icate, conical, ati·iate or ve;cy :t'inely plicate, white to li6ht buff, dece.yir..g ra:picny, 014-1 cw. br-oau, :rr.B.rgin straight• Stipe white, cartilaginous, hollow, rueal,y. Gills thin, ucute, adnate, white or ochraceou.s • S:porea oclu·acE..ous in ruass axl.d UIJ.C.EU':rui ero• scope, smooth, elliptic• truncate, 7.5-9•5 X 12.5-15.6 nJ.cra; che1locyst1- dia. clava:te, ca_pitate; cuticle ot' pileus consisting of vesfoulose cells which give it an atomate appoarance; gill trar.;a vo1-y thin. 48 Plants solitary. soattered; moist lawns. Collections: Fl05 Iioto: This plant is very cOlmllOnon wet lawns early in the mrnillg during lute sur.mar. The very delicate fruiting bodies rrither Wld disappear soon after the 1:10rning sun hit:J them. 9.0+lQO;{t1.2,lateri;i(1Qi Fi•. Reported by Knight an.d Cotta.n (12) :f'.'1.-omSalt Lake Cou:J.ty as GAJ.em JA:faetitia Fr,: lfQregartous, on well-1nanured 3l'ound, V,zry. In- f'requent," ( 22) !}£.rocx,b,eFries Basidiocarp centrally stipi tate, fleshy, cuticle of ;lileus composed or a pali::mde of' pear-s.haped o:r vesiculose cells. not viscid; s:pores typioally dull earthy broim to deep rti.sty bro\\'Il., typically tl"'Ulloate, {sy.-gc;rb,~_gm. (Belt. ex Fries) Singer convex. buff in color• 2""4,5 cm. broad, :ma.rsin stl"aight. Stern fleshy, hollow, buft colored, 4.-9 mrri. X 2-4, em. Gills th.in.• acute, aduate, cinnamon brow"-. Partial veil meI:Jbranous. ren.nants adhering to edge ot :p1leus. ring lacking or .romaining as a slight thickening of the stipe. Spores cinnamon broiim.* in r:iass, elliptic, 6-8 7:. 11•13 1dcra; ohe1loeystid1a se.ccate or clave.to to ventricose Hith :rou.,-id.edor ca;itute apex; plou..."'O- oyet1dia of two types: one type si:nilar to t:J:le cheilocystidia, tbe other clavate and soroetin1e::i.nJ:l.eronate n1th rei'1•nctivo content, J}lairts oolito.r;, scattered; on noist noil in lawn. Oolloctions: Fl09 iaG;tl?C;yboi:egiado~ (I'crs. ex Fries) l<~ayod Pilc:,us dl:,y, (;le.bro us. convex to phme • fleshy, crear.1-btd:'f 1n 49 eolor, l-3.5 cm. in diar-eter. Darcin incurved, often splitting at :maturity. Stipe aroooth, often w:1th brown f1bi"i.llose pubescence above t sub-cartilagi• nous• hollOlv or stuffed, 2 ..7 :mm.X 2-5.5 cm, Gills brown, adnate or adne:xad, thin. acute• suhd.istant • Partial veil evanescent, often ra.tita i.n- ing as sco.lez on edt;e of .PiJ.ous. Spo::::·espurple hrow.n in iaass, ovoid to elliptic, sn.>oth, trunoute, 6-9 X 8-16 micra. Plo.nts soli•:;a.:..-y or g:..·o,~;u1:ious; moist soil, of'tou in lawns. Colloctiona: F44, lfl::'>4 ,,:g.j;)cype J2~0oi (Pe:t·t:1. ex Fries} :fl'ayod Pileua glab:i.~oua, convex to campant:u.a.te, ooh.receoua to tawny in color, fleshy, r~~in ino1.4•-rred. [,tipG ca.rtilag::.amw, hoJ.J.ow1 2....(,,mm .• A 4 ...7 cm. llills ochz-.;'iceous when. yo·,mg• oin.i."1arr..onb:r-ovm at uut.uri ty. Veil i'i'brous, evaneooen:t. Spores lit;ht ea1~tey b:ro,:.n, &<¥.jot:t.,ovoid •i;o olli:ptio, trtll!ca:te, 6.2-9.3 X ll-14 1rdc:."a; pleu.rooystidia. scattered, ventricose with acute or capi·liti.:te ape;&;; ch.ailocystldia alilmda!l.t • smaller than 11leuro- cystidia but similar in shape. Plants solitary or g;;.•egari<1.i;5; moist laxm. Collootiona; i'35 ( 2::,} C1·e£ia.2tu§, J!Wabi.Y.§ Pileus dry• ;1Ube;Hoent, concl1ate, thin, delico:tc, 0.3 ...1 cm11 across, margin 1:ricurved. Sti:r,e l.a:to:rul, vor.i· f,hort 1 :pubescent. Gilla J.io-tant, thin, acute, rodiating., dir,dd.iute. fipo:,:e.s ouh:.:ac&oun in ne.z;s, ovoid, minu.t ely ver:i:'Uooso , 4--8 n.ic re ; 1,l1;,,m•,,cyst iu:i.u lucki.ng, choiloc :rctid ia abundant, sub-cylindric to ven:t1•icosu; ·t1~ru:k:..llcy-_pliuc with conc;1icuous clarup oonnootiona. Plants solitary or clustered on rot·l;t;d "iiirl(;a wUl 1.1006.y steins. Collections! Fl06 50 (24} !IJmelQ;;'i\Cl.'U@WWtoI'S!! {Fr.) zt-Lelet Pileus gla'ln.--ousI viscid when moist I convex to plane I fleecy, 'butt to brownish in colol" 1 thick wl1.e=-eattached to stipe 1 margin 1ncurved at first, '3-7 cu. broad. ..,tipe i"leahy, thick, white, solid, 6-10 :mm..X 4-7 cm. GiD.s ad.no.to, clos~, tilin. 1 ucute, sordid tan in oolor. Spores ovoid to elli:ptical. 1 1--ougu,6.2-7 X a.5-ll miora; pleurocystidia la.eking, ch,eilocystidia eJ:nmd.a:.a.t,loJ:l6 S'pa.·1,;\llate; gil.1 tr&.1a :rubparellel; autiole of pileus a c;el:.xtin.ous pellicle with :f'ilaroontous, browniilh co:.npti.oth'ypo- denn; :pileus trar!la o:: iILter..voven fila:.1ontous hyphaa. Plfmts solltu1.-y or gregarious in :r.a:.mafter heavy rain. Coll.,'3otiono: :''1'78 Iiere;i,OJAA.mos9Pru,tt.,,n Fr. Reported b~r 'Knight a.ntl OotJ.;o.n {12) f ror.i. SaJ:t Lake Oount~·: (25} Ii~cy'be (J.l':des) ,,J.uclot Basidiocu:.":p fleshy, centrally stipitate, conic to campanulate, fibrillose or fitrillose scaly, dry, veil fibrilloso, evanescent; gills adnate o:.: adr..exed; spoi·es oeh.raoeous, smooth, echinulate or tubercul.a.te, angula1· oi~ even.. ln,oe:,be taqtit,1Sita {~chaef:f.) P. Karst. P:tleus dry I Sl".ooth ox· c:ce.cking :radially, thin, f'lesliy, light ochruco~us buff* in color, conical 01· comez, often .:;itr. p1-01.:iin.cmtw...bo, 2.5-5 cm. bread, r.iargin incurved v1hen.yoUJ:Jg. Stipe cartilagi.uous, \'Jltl.te, smooth• slliny, '7•10 mu-..X 3-'i cm. Gills adne.xod, thin, acute, light bu.ft"" i:n color, mLU'Q:inate. Partial veil :tib:dllose. Spores ochraceous 11.l.Jr.ass, elliptic, subrenifor.u in side view, smooth, 4.2-6.2 X s.a-11.1 r:dcra; cheilocystidia abur:.d:mt, :ruu~rowly cylindt·ic to sac~te; gill trama t)l flantn oolii;ar;.;r or gregarl.ous; :moist soil u.nde1" PoE!tlus tremu.loides Collections: Fl20 Ip: ..cyj~e. outheloid..$}. {:Pec1:) Bull. Gills adne:xE:1-d,tendiuc,; to lecowe .sligb:Uy decu.r:r.-eir,, white or e;re.yish Collecti::,n.s: F82 HISTORIA.N}SOFFICE :Pienta solitary or clus"ter9d; on living or dead trunks of Salix. Oollectione: Fl44 Bi•,s1J.ioca1~.Pcentrally stipite.te 1 fleshy; gills attached; annulus present, YOlY3. lackinc;; cn.i.t:icle of pileus IGEi.de up of radi.:.1.lly arr•anged maturity, c:roam* to ivory yellow* ill e'.llor, thick, 5-B enc. bi·o~d• rr.argin bra.nous. Spores rurple-brown iu Jill!;l.SS 1 maooth. sligl::Uy flattened in side view• elliJ)tic, slichtly truncate, '7.5-9,5 X: 12.5-16.5 rnio:i:a.; pleurocys- tidia subc;ylind1·ic I rnucrorute with ref:r'ac·t;:lve gI".:i.nuleI oh0ilocystidia variu.ble t silr:ilar to :pleu.rocyatidia. to Sµii.Ula.te or ca:pitate vr.lth homo- genous conten·ts; cutille of r:,ileus c:onsiBting of 1::, J;'t:illiclu of gelatinous '.Plants solitary or clustered; on vrell-rotted twigu u.nd sticks. Collections: FlOl 53 Slightly above the hymeuium, subcylindrie to elavate, mucronate, with prominent refractive gi-anu.le; eheiloeystidia. similar to pleuroeystidia or clave.to an:1 not mucronate, with homogenous contents. Plants solital.'Y or gregarious; grassy places in old orchard. Collections: F67 Stlppharia.QUU'm@Jli~ Smith Pileus conve:x:, later plane, dry, cream bu.ft* in color w! th taWIIY"' innate scales, margin incurved sometimes splitting unevenly• 6.5-ll cm. broad, flesh thick, white. Stipe tough fleshy, solid or hollow, longitu- dinally striate or with innate scales, buff* to tawny* in color. Gills crowded• adnexed, thin, light purple-brown* to dark cinnamon* in color. A:nnulus membranous, persistent as patches on the margin of the pileus. Ring present on stipe, superior. Spores purple-brown in mass, ovoid, smooth, 5.5-'7 X 7.8-9.4 micra; cheiloeystidia variable, generally ventri- cose and often lobed or eapitate; pleurocystidia. of two types: one type is :naema.toloid with refractive granule, the other is ela.vate and smooth to ventrieose and irregularly lobed or oapitate, without granular contents; gill t:rama of rather slender interwoven b:ypbae, with conspicuous elalnp connections, laetifers abundant; pileus trams. similar to gill tra:ma; pileus cuticle made up ot interwoven fibrils fonning innate scales, brownish. Plants solitary, scattered; moist soil under aspens. Collections: n12 ~lWID&U1A lemirJ.ob;ta (Fr.) Q.uelet Pileus fleshy, convex, slightly viscid when young, smooth, shiny, tawny, 1.5-4 em. broad, margin incurved when young. Stipe smooth, con- colorous with pileus, fleshy, hollow, bulbous at base, 2-4 mm. X 2.5-12 em. 54 Gills adns.:te, thin, white o:r tan a.t tirst, later gra::, to yellowish and dotted with irregular masses of spores, often wavy at maturity, sometimes marginate. Annulus present on young specimens, membraneous. Ring per- sistent, on old specimens often oolored black by spores, Spores black in :mass, smooth, elliptic, 8.5-10.5 X 14.7-19.9 micra.; bas1d1a mostly two spored; :pleurocyatidia scattered, nael'l'.latoloid, with refractive eon.tent, embedded in hymeniUlll; cheilocystidia abundant, tusoid ventricose, often with spatulate apex, contents hon~0enous. Plants solitary; on horse dung. Collections: F84 (28) .Afaµj.cyg Fries, emend. Y..arsten Ba.sidiocarp centrally stip1tate, :fleshy, annulus present, volva le.eking, gills tree, stipe and pileus readily separable; s:pores purple- brown to blackish in mass, cuticle or pileus ma.de up of filamentous hypha.e. i\a§li2M! awmstup Fr. Pileus dry• broadly convex to plane, smooth or fibrlllose scaly, white with yellowish tints where bruised, flesh white, thiok, about 8 cm. broad, margin in curved when youxig • often splitting. Stipe :f.'le shy, bulbous at the base, l.5-3 X 9-12 cm. Gills grayish when y-oung1 later grayish- brown, crowded, thin, free. Jumulus r.iambranoua, double, scaly below. Ring persistent. Spores elliptic, smooth 5.5-6 X 7.8-9 rnicra. Plants solitary or clustered, not common; moist soil in aspen-fir forest. Collections: 1147 AA§P,,CM§CN1Jl)8Strjs Fries Pileus dry, convex, ex:panding to plane at :maturity, white to light brownish in color, smooth or with innate, fibrlllose sew.ea, e-14 cm. broad, 55 flesh thick• white. not changing when bruised, margin of cap incurved and exceeding the gills when young. stipe white• stout, :f.'leshy• solid or stuffed 1n age, glabrous. Gills tree, close, thin, acute, rounded at back, al.most as ,'Ji.de as the flesh at maturity I I>ink before the cap opens, later becoming purplish-brown or almost black. AnnUlus tbin, sirl:ple, wh1te, usually lacerate• ring superior• Spores purple-bro,m 1n mass, ovoid to broad.l.y elliptic I smooth• 4.5-5 :X:6-7. 5 mi era. Plants solitary or clustered; moist places in pastures, corrals, a.tld stackyards. Collections: Fl91 1 Knight aDd Cottam (12) .tJSiD,9U.§s;\Jiv1;cgJr.& (Vitt.} Frias Pileus dry, convex to :plane, white, turning yellow ,,hen rubbed or bruised, fleshy, thin• 9 c:m. broad, margin straight, slightly exceeding the gill.S, Stipe smooth, white, fleshy, bulbous at the 'base. Gills tree, thin, gray, then pink, later turning purple-brown. Am:IUlusmembranous 1 scaly' below, persistent. Spores ovoid, apieulate. mnooth1 3.5-4.5 X 5-7 .5 miera. Plants solitaey • scattered; :moist soil in mixed forest. Collections: F209 (29) JDh9lgnaFr. Basidioca.rp centrally sti pi ta.te, fleshy, annulus present or lack- ing, volva la.eking or rudimentary; pileus outicle :me.deup of a palisade of olavate to vesiculose cells one or more layers deep. SJ.)Oresbrown to black. ~Jaw o,ad~el»§ Fries Pileus hygrophanous. yellow-bro• to buff in color, slightly i'loooulent when young, th1n 1 fleshy, margin inoUl:"V'edwhen young. Stipe white, hollow, silky, 4-8 cm.. long. Gills adnate, thin 1 white when young, 56 becoming purplisl1 in age, close. Partial veil floooose. evanescent. often rensi.ning a.s shreds around the edge of the pileus. Spores purple-brown in mass, elliptic, srn.ooth, 3.9-4.7 X 6.3 ...9.,~ m:icra; cuticle cellular, gill tl."al.1lasub-parallel; pleurooystidia. lacking, cheilooysticl.iu spa.tulat& to ventrlcose. Plcmts gregarious; in lawns a.round old tree stumps. Oollect1ons: F31 mpholoma4groaj1, Fries Pileus broe.dly conical, thin, fleshy, aIOOoth, dry (or sometimes hygrophanous), ver mh2wma.!Ul• Pileus hygrophanoua. campanulate to plane, striate, covered with mealy granules, light gray-brown to tan, thin, fragile, 2•5 cm. broad, margin incurved when young, often serrate, S001etimes turning up in age. Stipe cartilaginous, wll.1te, hollow, smoth, ea.ail:, separable from the pileus tram.a, 2-5 mm.X Z-5.5 em. Gills purple-brown, adna.te, thin, subdistant. Partial veil :fibrllloae, evanescent. S:pores purple-brown in mass, sm.ooth, ell1:rt1c, 5-6.2 X 8,,,ll micra.; pleuroeystidia ventricose, 5'? rounded to obtuse iipicea, cheiloeystidia abundant, saccate to ventricose w.l.th obtuso or rounded apicas; cuticle celluJ.aJ:.', severa.l layers thick, compressed, not incrusted. Plants solitary or clustered; moist so11, deep humus. Collections: F77 I'iote: This :plant corresponds to Dr. A. H. Smith •s collection no. 34899 in tho University of Mlehi13an herbarium. The species bas not yet been pubU.shed. l:tg·pl\Ql&?mQti,gidipes .Peck Pileus dry, pubescent• thin, fleshy, tan to light brown in color. subconieal when young, convex at r,..o.turity • slightly exceeding the gills, ma:rgin incurved when young, l.5- 11 cm. broad. S+,emfibrous, hollow, lc1ngi- tudinally striate With fibrous pubescence, color tan to light brown, often lighter above, 3-6 nm• .:C2-5 cm. Gills light tan when young, becoming dark purple-brown. in see, finally almost black, thin, emarginate. Veil floccose• evanescent or :ra-rnaininc as ticy sce.la•like 1,atches A.long the m.rgin ot th.e pileus. SIJOres black in mass. dark brown under the micro- scope, ovoid to sub•elliptie, 5.2-G.3 X 10.5-11.5 micra; :pleurocystidia present• cyJ.indric to s:patulate; cheilocystidia. abundant, spatulate. Plants solitB.!"\J or clustered; on moist soil along the side of an old road. Collections: F€6 maJ.o.mEl• Pileus dry I fibrlllose sealy• convex to plane, fleshy, fragile, splitting radially .at !l1.1.!'turity, vinaceous butf* to ru.sset* in color, :margin in.curved wllen ;lOUllfh 7•10 cr.1. broad. Stipe hollow, smootl1, f'ro.gile• 1.5 X 10 am. Gills ,-rhitish trh.en yOUD.g, purple-brown in uge, thin, crowded. 58 Veil fJ.oeoose, evanescent. Spores ptll'J'.)la-brcnm in rnass, ell1pt:tc to cylindric, 5.5-6.5 X a.s-12.5 rniora; :;?leuroeystidia lucldng, cheiloe:rstidia abundant, saeo:.\te to vontr.icose, broadly rounded, gills sterile for some distance back f:ro,11edge; cuticle tilamontous, bro,,.inish, hypodorm cellular, several layers thicl:=• Plants solitary o:r clustered; moist soil along well•rottod log. Collections i Fl.31 Mote: This species corresponds with Dr. A.H. Smith's no. 34919 in the Universi~J of Michigan herbar1um. The Etpecies has not yet been published. !tfPholD ill'.• P11eus hygrophanou.s, fleshy, smooth, broadly oonieal to cam.panulate ,vllen Y0UI!S, plane at :r:ntur1 ty, raw umber to gra:yi.sh-bro,"'ll in color, thin, r.nrgin straight, sroooth• often striate, 1.8-6 em. in d:lwooter. Stipe car- tila.g1ncus, sn:ooth 1 hollow, row umber in color, 2•6 r.-m.X 3-6 om. Gills light grayish-brown when yo1mg, umber brown at maturity, adnate, a.ou.te, su.bdistant. Spores black in mass, smooth, oll1ptie, 4-5.5 X 9.4-ll mi.era; pleurooyatidia abundant, ventr1coae with acute to capitate apices, cheilo- cyst1d1a abundant, aaeonte to ventrioose with obtuse a.picas; pileus cuticle composed of compressed vescieulose incrusted cells; tra.ma o:f pileue and gills intertvoven, compact, With brownish tint when revived in KOH. Plants solitary or clustered; moist soil am.one decaying leaves under Ja s;r_Qnd!dent1tum. Collections: F 42 Mote: This collection belongs to a species ve"f!'IJclose to F'/'7 (page 57) but dif':fers 1n having consistently broader sr,o:res; nora cons1stentl'y ca:pitate plouroeystidie.; relatively broader cheiloaystidia; a:od a. pileus 69 cuticle co:m:poaedof com2ressed, vesieulose. ina:rusted cells. n'J::Ispeei..~ens correspond ver-j closely vdth Dr. A.H. s~~th's collection no. 14037 in the University of Michigan herbarlum. The species has not yet been described. (30) Pg;nae9lus sem.igvatua(Fries) Lundell Pileus shiny gle.brous, viscid wlien moist• eonieal to ee.mpanulate, smooth or eracld.ng in age, thin, fleshy, eroam color* to ta:11,myolive*, occasionally showing tints of reddish broi.,,,n, margin exceeding the gills and often with :re:rnnants of the partial veil adhering, 2 ...5.5 om. broad. Stipe solid, somewhat bulb~us at the base and attenuated above, striate below the 3.nnulus and o:f.tan floecose above. Gills ascending adnate, thin, crowded, grey wben youn3: becarrd.ng ble.ak a.ru.variegated by tho spores in age, margin.ate. Partial veil me:rr.branou~, evanescent, s:plittinr; and eventually disa:priearinf! exoe,t f.'o!' sr~ll rerm:!.r:.ts 1.:hich adhere to the 1nargin o:r the pileus. Spores ~?lack in mass, brown under the microscope, smooth• elliptic, 9.5-10.5 X 1s.s-20.1 rd.era; pleuroeystidia abundant, em.bedded, clavato, nueronate vdth refractive content; cheilocystidia :t'usoid with slender obtuse or oapitate apices, occasionally branched; gill trarna.sub-rarallel; su"b--hymeniw:ncollula.r. Plants solitar.r or clustered; on dung of horses or oows. Collections: "Jf37,F71 (31) Q2pgpus (Fr.) s. F. Gray Basidiocarp fleshy, usually thin and deco~posing raad.1ly, centrally ati:pitate, gill attti.emnent variable, annulus and valve. :present or absent; gills deliquescing at maturity, spores black 1n mass. Co::zr!p.u.s2atj£N!.fenta1j,us Fr. P:Ueus fleshy, thin, ovate-ca.m._ptmulate nhen y--oung, expand.i!JS to obtuse convex, surface covered rd.th 1:imate, 1,:rcnm1sh scales. U..'leven1 lobed, 60 sl:i.t;htly :pl:i.cate-s1::ria:ce, r;virGin st:.-a:4:;ht ,';hen ym.rrit;, c1-ayish to brownish at the u.pex. va17in;;; to vmite at the n;;!"Jin imc,71 young. St:tpc. tllicl:: 1 flElsby, hollow, ev-eJ:..or s).if,htly attenuated., 1-3 X 7-12 CI11. Gills c:rovJded1 free, white when you.:1.[;•then :pu.r:plish to black, delL.l.ueAcing at maturity. S:pores b~ck in ::11.uss, t=m10oth• elliptic• trtmcate• 4.7-6.2 X 7.8-11 m.tcra; pleuroeyatid::La abu.mlant • cylindrlc. Plnnts caea2,i tose; erowlng on roil i:n the open or around old stumps. Collocti ons : F28, L>J.ight and Cot tam ( 12) Hote: The c~olloction descr1boo f.l.bove corresponds to Dl:'. A. n. Srtdth •s no, 1,1c947 in ·t:he Um v-ersi ty of :ut~hii;a.n herbarium. It differs from typical £.• ~!Wa'a;nta::j.t}§ i11 hurtne larc;er i,;::i;io:res and in the brownish scules on tho pileus. .J'uagi:nc; tram tho SJ.lOl"e 1:":lasu:ror:0nts c;hren b:1 l:iss K:ruc;ht {11) :l.t t'.:Pl"CG.TS that she had tho Sfll"'A :t'o:r.r::.. f,oprJ.p.u.13,cor:¥3,tu.u {Fr.) s. F. Gray Pi.lens thin, fleshy, dr-J, wtth ve1";{ coa:rso scales, conical ~\d1en you.nc,beco:m.fne carQ?."l.nula.teor alrlost plane as e:pores are shed, v.hite, beco:!'!rl.ngbro1:misl1 or gn,.y at matu.:dty, up to 12 cm. across, :marsin slightly in.curved '1::rhenyo\1.1\g. Sti:pe ft"looth, fleshy, hollow, white, 1 ...2.5 X 7-13 om. Gills white when ~rnunc, later black am deliquescing, very closely crcm' Spores black in n-1:ass1 ovoid to elliptic, 6--9 X 10.5-15 :mi.era. Plants solitary or clustered; moist soil on shoulders of dirt road.., Collections: F49, Knight e.r.d Cotta1a (12) Cs;rndnu§M;!ep.ecou1a. Fr. Pilcus thi:n. 1 flesh~r, hyerophanou.s when you.."!€, covered 1r.lth :f:'inc i;liateni.~ rrarticles td'J,on :roun,c;, plicate striate, o;:1m:r;,a.nulat.e,r.argin 61 str&i€;ht• l'at:.':'Cedat riuturit::. fltiy,o hollo-r;, pinkish to white, 0.5 X: 4-10 cm. Uills v1hUc to brov.-r:.o:r black, close, :f.'reo, cl.clic1uosciri.g. ,\Jlnulus :iea.:z·bune of stirJe • evr::.n0nce:\t. S-poros bla.ck in mass, ro:noth 1 0111:ptie, ovate, fle:ttened, G0I'l'.1 !X)l'e distinct t 4.7-6.3 X 7.8-10.1 mere.; cystidia billoon li:ro; :pileut1 cutiele lTJ.fi.de up or veniculose cells. Pld.rrt::1 de:nfJ?.,ly ~aeSJ)1.tosa; :i.n soil around troe l:!tt1.r:1ps. Colleetiomn F?,3, Knight and Cottam {12} Coprigu,s nive--v_s, Fr. PilEIUS f'leflhy, tldn, oonical, whi to when young, grdyish-bro1,1.rn at r:1a.tur1ty I cove1"8d wtth innate scales• 1'10.1'0in incn.w"".'Vedvrhen younr;, often re-volute at :,;:J;,Jri ~r, up to 4 am. i,1 clia,.'"'.later. Stipe hollov1, 5•'1 mm..X 1 3... 7 om. Gills trorJ 1 black, ma.rc;inatc, crowded, nurro1 r • clelig_uescil'lG at 1r;uturity. 3:po:res black in rnss, ovate to o11i~ic, t:ru.ncate, d.:l.stinctly flattened, '7.5-9.5 '.'.:1':'::-16.5 :n1cz:·u; 1:r•so ::loboso cells from rennan.ts of veil often seen in sections of pileus. Pl·l!l~i;s ,;reca.rious, on horno d1.u,.g. Golle'!tions :. F38 Copr'7AAf? Fr,. Reported 1)y KniG11t and Cotta.'fll (12) from Salt Lake County: "Scattered in r.;rassy ;iastu·C'Cs. May. InfTequent." Cg;pfi.r~ Wl• .Pileun fleS:1y, thin, scaly, ovt•.te-conical at firet, beooroing plane at nat,.1.ri ty, whito o:i:-.,,.ith :pirJdsh cast iv:r.en young, rn.a.1-gin straight when young, becm::;i:::ig ::."S:srolute at F,Ht,1.:r~.t-J. Stil)e fleshy, hollow, smooth, glabroua, i.Jv.:~m.or attem.1,::t,:,d t1'bove1 6-15 nm. X. 6•10 cm. 11111s tree, crowded, thick, w:bite or pink when :rour01 beconi.ng black and. ;:,:.'1:t'_:;1.:n;:;1.te, 1!;;.ter <.ieli(J.Ut'scins. Au.nu.lu2 !)re,;ient, reridni:r,t. at baf'le of stir,e. Si)Ores ~era. Collections: F39 Ho-to: i1lus coD.ection dcoc :oot fit a~- of the lm.o,·m.species of Co:prinu1,.11).u-t'.J.or stt:.d:; :.a ll'.)oded to dotc:t':rrlino its uf:tiuities and to secure enough ini'orr,ntion tor a species description. G4§1i1~9et11e The Gast~ceteae includes those orders of ba.sidiomyoetes which possess one-celled be.sidia borne on a hymenium which is enclosed w1thin the fruiting body. The spores are orthotropic and a.re not discharged forcibly from the basidium. Frequently the sterigxr.a • or a pa.rt of it, ram.ins attached to the spore. O~ Phallales Fm;1itzPhallaceae Phallus impudicus Persoon Fl 75, Knight OrderLyooperdales f,mily tycoperdaceae Calve.tie. sp. 1!212 Lycoperdon perla.tum Persoon Fl5l Lyooperdon umbrinum var. l!'loccosum Lloyd 1150 Fam,iJx Geastraoeae Gee.strum asper (Mich) Lloyd Coker Goo.strum mmmnosumFr. Fl63 Geastrum aacca.tum Fr. Knight Order Solerodermatales F&J;;t Tu.lostomataceae Tulosto:ma s:p. Fll5, Knight Fgm;i).y Astraeaceae Astraeus hygrometricus {Pers) Morgan Fl80 1 Knight Qrde~ Nidular1ales Fwlx Nidulariaceae Oya.thus olla Persoon Fl99 • Knight Cyathu.s striatus Persoon F92 64 Qme;i:Podaxales Fmoil:ySecotiaceae Secotium sp. Knight 7pmjlY Podaxaceae Pod.axis sp. DISCUSSIONAND &'U'MM/uff !:)1scussiga A total of 15'1 species in 82 genera ot f'w.lgi are reported as having been collected 1n Utah. Of this number 105 speoies have not been re:ported previously tro.m the state. The Basig.iggY.Setes, with 112 species reported, are most numerous. l.U9E{9etes (23 species) and ¥Q5¥W2etes (22 species) are rather equally represented but are much less numerous than the Bp.sid1gn,y;cejes. Al.though no pl.ants are reported here as being new species• several a.re described for which no species description bas been found in the literature. These may prove to be worthy of description as new species. Further study ot these plants and closely related species is needed• however, before they should be :published as new species. ~p;egJes of special interest are numbers 1183 and Fins. 'rhe for.mer is a variety of Didelli:l§ trevegpi which apparently has not been reported :previously trom North .America. l\t!aeBride and Martin (14) describe it as "a large, mottled, ru.gose, often plasmodioearpous fo:mi.11 occurring in the S\dss Alps." This desoription. is quite fitting for our form. It was found growing very abundantly in two locations on Mt. Timpaoogos in the vicinity of Aspen Grove 1n 1949 and again in 1950. Mumber 1'15 is 1dent1t1ed by Mr. Brooks as Pi,d:v:¢.W!tnivicolu,pi. Meyla.n which Haglestein ( 9) and Martin (15) consider as syno~us With Jl• dub;t.umRost. Of this Mr. Brooks states (5) 1 • • • • I find they di:tt'er from 12,. dubium in the ;presence of a definite columella, and that the cap1llitium does not separate readily from the floor of the sporangium. The columella is white 1 somewhat 65 66 rough, and :toms a ridge reaching perhaps halt the height ot the plasmodioce.rp. 1iae Bride am Martin (14) recognize them. as separate species and re:port the Swiss Alps as the distribution tor 1'.•nivicplum :Meyla.n. Among the a&,qgn:.yee:tu,sot special interest is number :ra1. Dr. Kanouse (10) advises me that this plant should actually be placed in the genus l?AQIMf.• However, no one haa yet published the new oombi:oation, so it is re!)Orted here as Pezim, aneilis Fries. The l!§J;te;Lja .a,. reported by Miss Knight is probably Helvella cURJ,jl.n#.AM,(Boso.) Neas, represented bymy collections Fl21 and Fl23. Pg~ms 21,e,ww (Schrad.) Fries is a species 'Which is not un• connon 1n the Eastern United States but is apparently re.re in the Rocky Mountain area. PolW!'Y§ rt¼Mdee{Pers.) Fries likewise is not comnonly i'ound in this area. A number of the hfJU1,01,oege are of special interest. Chief among them is J;e.a;ij;eac;waibitsU;mis (Schaef:t • ) Bras. which apparently has not been re:ported :previously from North tuner.lea. A single oolleotion was :made in the area. of A.span Grove. Collection number F94 belongs in the genus klPPP:IlJ.WS:;,It corresponds to collection number 194'76 o'f Dr. A. H. Smith in the University o:f' Michigan herbarium. The species has not yet been published by Dr. Smith. Number 1!'411 PJ,uteus aaus I.!.£• iutesce:ns Fr. is reported by Lange ( 13) as being very OOl.'llllOD. in :&lrope but is apparently not colmlOn in North America. Three collections ot !fll:ZhoJ,.2B¥hnumbers !'42, n7, and 1131 appear to be new species. These were found to correspond with collections n'l\tllber 140371 34899 and 34919 respectively made by Dr. Smith and now 1n the University of Michigan berbartum. Oollection number l'28 is l>eported hen."8as Co·m.j,nusi:!er~tgriup Fr. but does not fit the