Cold Chain Management: Descriptive Bibliometric Analysis
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XL ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO “Contribuições da Engenharia de Produção para a Gestão de Operações Energéticas Sustentáveis” Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil, 20 a 23 de outubro de 2020. Cold Chain Management: Descriptive Bibliometric Analysis Paulo Henrique Amorim Santos (Universidade Federal de São Carlos) [email protected] Roberto Antonio Martins (Universidade Federal de São Carlos) [email protected] Cold chains are part of the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical sectors. The cold chain management has been attracting a lot of attention among practitioners and scholars. Cold chain managers must guarantee an effective logistic system, that not only delivers products safely, but also preserves quality, reaches the destination on time, and operates cost- effectively. This article aims to present the results of a descriptive bibliometric analysis on cold chain management. The sample records extracted from Scopus database were processed using the Bibliometrix, an R package, and ran in the RStudio environment. The main results show that two different sectors - food engineering/agribusiness and health – address the domain. Despite there being few authors of high productivity in the field, scientific production has increased in recent years. Most of the influential sources publish on health sciences, agricultural and food engineering, and applied social sciences, gaining more notoriety since 2012. Indeed, cold chain has been attracting more attention from operations management researchers. Cold chain has been evolving from quality control approach by gaining a stronger link with managerial scope. Finally, the applicability of industry 4.0 technologies like “internet of things”, “wireless sensor network” and “rfid” have been gaining notoriety in the field. Keywords: Cold Chain Management, Supply Chain Management, Cold Chain Logistics, Industry 4.0, Bibliometry. XL ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO “Contribuições da Engenharia de Produção para a Gestão de Operações Energéticas Sustentáveis” Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil, 20 a 23 de outubro de 2020. 1. Introduction Logistics management has become an important strategic process for companies to increase their total revenue, considering rising production costs and fierce competition. In the corporate sector, supply chains are complex autonomous and interdependent systems, composed of companies and business units (CHAN, 2011). Therefore, supply chain management is an integration function, with the primary responsibility of linking the main business functions and business processes within and between companies in a cohesive and high-performance business model (MAJEED; RUPASINGHE 2017). The supply chain success does not come from the aggregation of individual operations performance but from the collective and integrated activities, as well as the relations between companies (BOURNE et al. 2017). Thus, the facilities monitoring and control of the associated factories and the operational performance have become essential for effective management and improved productivity (HWANG et al. 2017). The relevance of cold chain management has been rising in recent decades. Most of the interest is on the use of equipment and information technology to provide customers with refrigeration during storage, transportation, distribution, packaging, and product processing (SUN et al. 2019). Cold chains operate on high demand supply chains and are common in the food (refrigerated and frozen), pharmaceutical and in some shipments of chemical products (CHEN; SHAW, 2011; ZHENG 2015). Unlike traditional supply chain management, goods in cold chains generally have a short shelf life and great sensitivity to the surrounding environment. When handling sensitive goods in an environment with a low temperature, the potential risks require strict monitoring because they can directly damage product quality and operational efficiency (TSANG et al. 2018). The cold chain, therefore, must provide an efficient logistical system, which not only delivers products safely but which also preserves its quality, reaches its destination in time and operates cost-effectively. Managers need to ensure that the cold chain is effective as well as its essential components (fast freezers, cold stores, refrigerated trucks, refrigerated displays, etc.) are in good working order (CHEN; SHAW, 2011). The cold chain difficulties are packaging, storing, and transportation, besides the high asset specificity and market uncertainty. Changing consumer preferences and the rise of e-commerce, as a channel for purchasing a wide variety of food products, also pose new challenges. Cold chain management plays a central role to overcome those difficulties, implementing modern information technologies to ensure the safety of product quality monitoring and its real-time tracking (ZHENG, 2015). Technologies like radio frequency identification (RFID) have been gaining renewed importance with the advancement of the digitalization proposed by industry 1 XL ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO “Contribuições da Engenharia de Produção para a Gestão de Operações Energéticas Sustentáveis” Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil, 20 a 23 de outubro de 2020. 4.0 (SUN et al. 2019). Those technological innovations allow digital and physical entities to be linked creating new applications, services, and possibilities in information management. The cold chain management rise represents the birth of modern and specialized logistics (SUN et al. 2019). Its importance has grown among practitioners and academics, mainly due to stricter consumer expectations, government regulations, and fierce competition in the market (SHIH; WANG, 2016; SHASHI et al. 2017). However, the link between management and the cold chain remains little explored in the literature. The following research questions guide the investigation on how the literature has been addressing cold chain management : RQ1: What is the current description of the domain of cold chain management? RQ2: What are the trends in the field of cold chain management? Therefore, the objective of this article is to map the field production, impact, and current trends using descriptive bibliometric analysis. 2. Research Design The bibliometric analysis developed follows the steps : (1) definition of the study: definition of the objective, choice of the database and definition of the filters to be applied to delimit the sample; (2) data collection and treatment: selection, capture and treatment of data after applying the filters defined in the previous step; (3) data analysis: use of software for bibliometric and statistical analysis; and (4) interpretation: interpretation and dissemination of results (ZUPIC; CATER, 2015). The database Scopus was used due to its coverage. The following principles have been applied to ensure consistency in the eligibility of documents: Only articles and reviews published in journals with a peer-review process; No time-span filter. The following search string was used in the Scopus database in the title, abstract and keywords fields: "COLD CHAIN" AND ("SUPPLY CHAIN" OR "LOGISTIC *"). The * symbol means that the suffix may vary, which is why this feature was used to cover derivations of the term "LOGISTIC" and increase the return on documents. The sample records were processed using the Bibliometrix package, version 3.0.0, running in the RStudio integrated development environment, version 1.2.5042. Indeed, the creation of the graphs was assisted by Excel spreadsheets and the R package "ggplot2", version 3.2.0. More 2 XL ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇÃO “Contribuições da Engenharia de Produção para a Gestão de Operações Energéticas Sustentáveis” Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil, 20 a 23 de outubro de 2020. details about Bibliometrix and ggplot2 are available in Aria and Cuccurullo (2017) and Wickham (2016), respectively. 3. Descriptive Bibliometric Analysis The descriptive bibliometrics allows the cold chain management field to identify the main authors, journals, and publications; authors' affiliation, and authors' keywords. The search resulted in a total of 557 documents (505 are articles and 52 reviews), published in 310 outlets, from 1983 to 2020. Figure 1 illustrates the scientific production and impact (citations) in the field. Note that the annual scientific production (blue) has increased since 1993, and the most impressive production backs from 2005. Higher production occurs in 2019 (95 articles) and the curve characteristics shows the theme has been gaining relevance in the academia. Regarding the impact (red line), a high impact occured in 2008 (5.2) and 2009 (5.0). Moreover, articles from 2010 (3.1), 2012 (2.8), and 2014 (2.5) also show a significant impact. Naturally, the curve has declined in recent years. Figure 1 - Annual scientific production and production impact on the average citation of articles per year 100 6 90 80 5 70 4 60 50 3 40 30 2 Published Articles 20 1 10 Avarage Citations per Year 0 0 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 Articles (Production Mean Citations per Year (Impact) Source: The authors (2020) Figure 2 offers another perspective on the field's maturity. According to Lotka's Law, the sample studied has a higher frequency than expected for "occasional" authors, i.e., those who have published only one article. This result shows that there are few high productivity authors in the field. Such characteristic affects the field maturity negatively due to authors longevity. 3 XL ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE