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UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title "Against the real dangers of modern life the home is no safeguard": Examining Spheres of Affect and Coercion in the Home in Nineteenth Century California Literature Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5f41f6gf Author Tejeda, Carla Alicia Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California “Against the real dangers of modern life the home is no safeguard”: Examining Spheres of Affect and Coercion in the Home in Nineteenth Century California Literature By Carla Alicia Tejeda A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Genaro M. Padilla, Chair Professor Mitchell Breitwieser Professor Richard A. Walker Fall 2010 Abstract “Against the real dangers of modern life the home is no safeguard”: Examining Spheres of Affect and Coercion in the Home in Nineteenth Century California Literature by Carla Alicia Tejeda Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Professor Genaro M. Padilla, Chair This dissertation examines representations of domestic discord in California literature with the argument that scenes of coercion in the literature's multiethnic households enact the aggressive dynamics of U.S. expansion and governance in the latter decades of the nineteenth century. The literary representations of political and familial forms of coercion presented here hinge upon the multiple scales implied with the term “domestic,” which include but are not limited to the private home space and the nation state. Between these spatial scales, the literary narrative of coupling and marriage on a private scale is then writ large as a national narrative of statehood and citizenship. Those writing in and about California in the aftermath of the U.S.-Mexican War were narrating a geography already inscribed with discourses of U.S. domestic policy with regards to its territories. The resulting U.S. narrative of migration and desire – enabled by the influx of gold rush speculators in 1849, the completion of the trans-continental railroad in 1868, and the various land booms and busts of the 1870s and 80s, came to define the region. The works examined here highlight the significance of California as a site of both national and international conquest. Almost all the homes depicted in this study house people who represent both the aggressors and casualties of westward migration and national expansion. The domestic spaces presented here are then sites of tension that symbolically enact the aggressive political and military campaign of westward expansion within an affective context. The focus on the home is a powerful symbol for this commentary, as it is an economic object imbued with affective expression. It is the material product of the emergent middle class, providing the means for exploring identity through the artifacts of culture, and in an era of homesteading, it serves as both the symbol and the instrument of national expansion. 1 For my family Carlos, Leticia, Sandra, Elsa and in memory of Rebeca i Table of Contents List of Figures..............................................................................................................iii Introduction...................................................................................................................1 1. “The home of so much hardship and suffering”: The Creation of a Region and its Literature...............................................................................................6 2. “They have made you homeless in your home”: The Architecture of Affect in Ramona....................................................................................................38 3. “The evil spirit has not left our house”: Spheres of Intimacy and Conflict in Who Would Have Thought It?...................................................................95 4. “Peering into the closets of the bedrooms”: Degenerate Domesticity in Frank Norris’s McTeague......................................................................................137 5. Staking a Claim in the Literary World: Fiction in The Overland Monthly................173 Conclusion..................................................................................................................201 Bibliography...............................................................................................................204 ii List of Figures 1. Abbot Kinney’s home, Kinneloa................................................................................41 2. Frontispiece to Helen Hunt Jackson’s children’s book, The Hunter Cats of Connorloa...................................................................................42 3. Picture postcard of Rancho Camulos, reputed inspiration for the Moreno home in Ramona...............................................................................77 4. Floor plan of a Christian home, Catharine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, from American Home Life...................................................91 5. Manuel Dominguez..................................................................................................112 6. Pablo de la Guerra....................................................................................................114 7. Frontispiece to Catharine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe’s American Home Life...................................................................................140 7. Grizzly illustration from the cover of The Overland Monthly.................................177 iii Acknowledgments This project would not have come to completion without the guidance and help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their assistance throughout this process. First and foremost, my heartfelt appreciation goes to Genaro Padilla, whose careful attention to my work was most appreciated. Your thoughtful and at times very entertaining comments made the editing process bearable. Many thanks also to Mitch Breitwieser and Richard Walker, who found time in their busy schedules to sign off on this project. There are others who have helped me along the way with whom I have crossed paths either as a student or as a teaching assistant, and whose work served as a model of scholarship, thanks to José David Saldívar, Hertha Sweet Wong, Joel Altman, Oscar Campomanes, Don McQuade, Samuel Otter, Richard Hutson, and Jenny Franchot. Anne MacLachlan, our conversations were invaluable, thanks for the advice. Friends in the department were there with cups of tea and conversation, providing insight and support, thanks Tony Hale, Tina Chen, Solomon Ireland, Margo Ponce, Jeannie Chiu, Mary Knighton, Jillian Sandell, Jeff Santa Ana, Melissa Fabros, and Phil Kiekhaefer. Antoinette Chevalier, those writing sessions were the beginning of it all, you are such a model of productivity. Jean Chu, your friendship has meant so much to me through the years. And, of course, my co-conspirator as I completed this project, Jean Vengua, our conversations and rants about our respective dissertations have kept me sane through the last leg of this journey. Many years ago, as an undergraduate at Occidental College, I had the privilege to work closely with two dedicated teachers and scholars, Warren Montag and Gabrielle Foreman. Their enthusiasm for scholarship and our many, many long and thoughtful conversations were the inspiration for my own work. Those friends and family who lent an ear and a kind word, it meant more to me than you’ll ever know: Lisa Smeenk and Pablo, Patti Blanco, Saúl Bolívar, Luis Fernandez, Mare Schumacher, Michelle Tellez, Anna Guevarra, Annie Retamal, Tina Kasid, Jim Morehead, John Flynn, Matthias Reinsch, Greg Keaton, Darryl Richardson, José Tejeda, Ronaldo Fermin, Eva and Ramón Bermúdez, Isela Bermúdez, Alex Tejeda, Armando Tejeda, Donnett Flash, Brent Turner, Maryanne Choi, Kathleen Wilder, Jay Schwartz, Mildred Matthews, Nancy Sours, Claire Ortalda, Mickie Christiansen, Barbara Hamm, Jin Lei Chang, Kerry Dolan, Don Hofvendahl, Nushi Safinya, Michael Rodriguez, and Janice Albert, who so loved California literature. Finally, my dear family, to whom this project is dedicated, and my husband Jeff Juris, my partner in all things, to you I owe the deepest debt of gratitude. iv Introduction And there is the house to be kept; and there are poverty and sickness1 The quoted phrase in the title of this dissertation is taken from Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Home: Its Work and Influence. The phrase, “Against the real dangers of modern life the home is no safeguard,” expresses a sentiment that runs through the works examined in this dissertation.2 Covering the period between 1870 and 1900, these novels and short stories reflect a distrust of the concept of the home as a refuge from the pressures and anxieties of the public sphere. This dissertation examines representations of domestic discord in California literature with the argument that scenes of coercion in the literature's multiethnic households enact the aggressive dynamics of U.S. expansion and governance in the latter decades of the nineteenth century. This study further proposes that the texts under analysis are representative of a larger public discourse about the role of affective expression in public and private life. Given the presence of force or coercion
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