Southeast Asia

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90° 100° 110° 120° NEPAL BHUTAN Southeast Asia CHINA Myitkyina National capital 25° BANGLADESH City International boundary INDIA Hakha MYANMAR Taiwan Phôngsali 0 250 500 750 1000 km Mandalay Hanoi Taunggyi LAO Haiphong Sittwe PEOPLE'S Luzon Strait 0 250 500 mi 20° DEM Gulf Naypyitaw Vinh of Hainan REP. Tonkin Chiang Mai Vientiane Bago Thakhet PHILIPPINE Pathein Phitsanulok Hue Luzon Yangoon Pa-an Khon Kaen SEA THAILAND Da Nang 15° Bangkok Attapu 15° Kontum SOUTH Manila Dawei (Krung Thep) A Siem Reap VIET NAM CHINA PHILIPPINES N Mindoro CAMBODIA Nha Trang D SEA PACIFIC A Phnom Penh Dalat Samar M G Panay u OCEAN A l f Ho Chi Minh City Sihanoukville 10° o 10° N f Palawan T Negros h S a Bac Lieu Thung Song il E an SULU A Phuket d Mindanao SEA PALAU Sungai Kolok S BRUNEI t 5° Banda Aceh r 5° a Bandar Seri Begawan it DARUSSALAM o Kuala Lipis f M CELEBES a Medan la MALAYSIA cc a SEA A Kuala Lumpur Borneo E S Simeulue SINGAPORE A Manado C Nias Kepulauan Riau C Halmahera Pekanbaru U 0° Gorontalo L Ternate 0° Kepulauan Kalimantan t i O Pontianak a r Padang M Lingga Samarinda t S Sumatra Palu INDIAN Bangka r Kepulauan Siberut a s Jambi s Sula Pangkalpinang Palangkaraya a OCEAN k Sulawesi C E R A M a S E M (Celebes) A Jayapura Bengkulu Palembang Ambon Banjarmasin Kendari Buru -5° New -5° Guinea Bandar Lampung J A Ujungpandang BANDA SEA PAPUA V A S E Kepulauan Serang Jakarta A NEW Semarang INDONESIA Aru Banddung Java Surabaya BALI GUINEA Bali SEA Lesser Sunda Islands Kepulauan The boundaries and names shown and the designations Yogyakarta Denpasar Mataram Tanimbar used on this map do not imply official endorsement or Dili -10° acceptance by the United Nations Sumbawa TIMOR-LESTE Lombok SAVU SEA ARAFURA SEA Christmas I. Timor -10° 90° 100° (AUST.) 110° Sumba Kupang TIMOR SEA 130° 140° Map No. 4365 Rev. 1-1 UNITED NATIONS Office of Information and Communications Technology March 2012 Geospatial Information Section.

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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before.
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Physical Geography of Southeast Asia
Physical Geography of SE Asia ©2012, TESCCC World Geography Unit 12, Lesson 01 Archipelago • A group of islands. Cordilleras • Parallel mountain ranges and plateaus, that extend into the Indochina Peninsula. Living on the Mainland • Mainland countries include Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos • Laos is a landlocked country • The landscape is characterized by mountains, rivers, river deltas, and plains • The climate includes tropical and mild • The monsoon creates a dry and rainy season ©2012, TESCCC Identify the mainland countries on your map. LAOS VIETNAM MYANMAR THAILAND CAMBODIA Human Settlement on the Mainland • People rely on the rivers that begin in the mountains as a source of water for drinking, transportation, and irrigation • Many people live in small villages • The river deltas create dense population centers • River create rich deposits of sediment that settle along central plains ©2012, TESCCC Major Cities on the Mainland • Myanmar- Yangon (Rangoon), Mandalay • Thailand- Bangkok • Vietnam- Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) • Cambodia- Phnom Penh ©2012, TESCCC Label the major cities on your map BANGKOK YANGON HO CHI MINH CITY PHNOM PEHN Chao Phraya River • Flows into the Gulf of Thailand, Bangkok is located along the river’s delta Irrawaddy River • Located in Myanmar, Rangoon located along the river Mekong River • Longest river in the region, forms part of the borders of Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand, empties into the South China Sea in Vietnam Label the important rivers and the bodies of water on your map. MEKONG IRRAWADDY CHAO PRAYA ©2012, TESCCC Living on the Islands • The island nations are fragmented • Nations are on islands are made up of island groups.
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77 Comparative Studies on Physicochemical
ISSN: 2406-7334 G E-ISSN: 2406-7342 IJSTAS Vol. 1, 2014, No. 1, 77-92~ 77 COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MINERAL SOILS IN THE MAJOR SAGO-PALM (METROXYLON SAGU ROTTB.)-GROWING AREAS OF EASTERN INDONESIA Fransiscus Suramas Rembon 1*), Yulius Barra Pasolon1) ,Yoshinori Yamamoto2) and Tetsushi Yoshida2) 1) Faculty of Agriculture, Haluoleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93232, Indonesia 2)Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan Abstract Physicochemical properties of the mineral soils, under major sago-palm-growing areas in the eastern Indonesia around Sentani near Jayapura, Papua Province (hereafter Jayapura); Kairatu, Seram Island, Maluku Province (Seram); Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Province (Kendari); were studied and compared. The soil samples of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth were collected from every site, respectively, from September 2005 to January 2008. The results revealed that the average of physicochemical properties of the soils from 0-30 cm depth in the sago-palm-growing areas varied depending on the site. Soil bulk densities were averagely higher in Seram (1.35 g cm-3) than those in Kendari (0.98 g cm-3) and Jayapura (0.89 g cm-3). Soil textures around Jayapura were dominated by silty loam. While in Seram soil texture was dominated by silty loam and loam, and around Kendari it was dominated by sandy loam, loam and silty clay. The averages of soil pHs were slightly acid (6.4) in Jayapura, acid in both Seram (5.5) and Kendari (4.9). Total carbons (total-C) in Kendari were higher (30.5 g kg-1) than those in Jayapura (27.2 g kg-1) and Seram (9.9 g kg-1).
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Regional Maritime Issues, Can the Indian Ocean Be Collaboratively Managed?
Regional Maritime Issues, Can the Indian Ocean be Collaboratively Managed? First Admiral Anuar bin Mohamed Assistant Chief of Staff Human Resource, Royal Malaysian Navy Can the Indian Ocean be Collaboratively Managed? It covers an area of 68.556 million sq km, which includes amongst others, the Andaman The Hypothesis: Collaboration could not be Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, fully achieved in IOR, as long as there is a great Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of power politics that enhance the geopolitical and Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian geostrategic struggles in the region. Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca and Timor Sea. This is viewed through the lens of neo-realism, where the structural defects would eventually By comparison, it consists of an area that is make efforts for collaboration/cooperation almost 7 times the size of the United States. impossible. Bordering this ocean and the states around it is the 66,526 km coastlines. In arguing this, we need to understand the features of the IOR iot determined factors that In a nutshell, it covers 30% of the global ocean would affect the argument. area home to 30% of the world’s population and 30% of the world’s coral reef cover. Background Geographically : Economically: This ocean hosts abundant of natural Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has unique resources of oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, characteristics compared to other oceanic sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits and regions. poly-metallic nodules. It is the third largest of the world's five oceans, It also provide various major sea routes after the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean.
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China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States
Order Code RL32688 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States Updated April 4, 2006 Bruce Vaughn (Coordinator) Analyst in Southeast and South Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Wayne M. Morrison Specialist in International Trade and Finance Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress China-Southeast Asia Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications for the United States Summary Southeast Asia has been considered by some to be a region of relatively low priority in U.S. foreign and security policy. The war against terror has changed that and brought renewed U.S. attention to Southeast Asia, especially to countries afflicted by Islamic radicalism. To some, this renewed focus, driven by the war against terror, has come at the expense of attention to other key regional issues such as China’s rapidly expanding engagement with the region. Some fear that rising Chinese influence in Southeast Asia has come at the expense of U.S. ties with the region, while others view Beijing’s increasing regional influence as largely a natural consequence of China’s economic dynamism. China’s developing relationship with Southeast Asia is undergoing a significant shift. This will likely have implications for United States’ interests in the region. While the United States has been focused on Iraq and Afghanistan, China has been evolving its external engagement with its neighbors, particularly in Southeast Asia. In the 1990s, China was perceived as a threat to its Southeast Asian neighbors in part due to its conflicting territorial claims over the South China Sea and past support of communist insurgency.
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Earth Moves U.S
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The Hawaiian Islands Case Study Robert F
FEATURE Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study Robert F. Bevacqua1 Honolulu Botanical Gardens, 50 North Vineyard Boulevard, Honolulu, HI 96817 In the islands of Southeast Asia, following the valleys of the Euphrates, Tigris, and Nile tuber, and fruit crops, such as taro, yams, the Pleistocene or Ice ages, the ancestors of the rivers—and that the first horticultural crops banana, and breadfruit. Polynesians began voyages of exploration into were figs, dates, grapes, olives, lettuce, on- Chang (1976) speculates that the first hor- the Pacific Ocean (Fig. 1) that resulted in the ions, cucumbers, and melons (Halfacre and ticulturists were fishers and gatherers who settlement of the Hawaiian Islands in A.D. 300 Barden, 1979; Janick, 1979). The Greek, Ro- inhabited estuaries in tropical Southeast Asia. (Bellwood, 1987; Finney, 1979; Irwin, 1992; man, and European civilizations refined plant They lived sedentary lives and had mastered Jennings, 1979; Kirch, 1985). These skilled cultivation until it evolved into the discipline the use of canoes. The surrounding terrestrial mariners were also expert horticulturists, who we recognize as horticulture today (Halfacre environment contained a diverse flora that carried aboard their canoes many domesti- and Barden, 1979; Janick, 1979). enabled the fishers to become intimately fa- cated plants that would have a dramatic impact An opposing view associates the begin- miliar with a wide range of plant resources. on the natural environment of the Hawaiian ning of horticulture with early Chinese civili- The first plants to be domesticated were not Islands and other areas of the world.
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Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO
An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO Indonesian Seas • Bali Sea • Flores Sea • Molucca Sea • Banda Sea • Java Sea • Savu Sea • Cream Sea • Makassar Strait Overview The Indonesian Seas are the regional bodies of water in and around the Indonesian Archipelago. The seas extend between approximately 12o S to 3o N and 110o to 132oE (Figure 1). The region separates the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Figure 1. Bathymetry of the Indonesian Archipelago. [Smith and Sandwell, 1997] Observations Indonesian Archipelago is most extensive archipelago in the world with more than 15,000 islands. The shallow bathymetry and the strong tidal currents between the islands give rise to the generation of internal waves throughout the archipelago. As a result there are a very 453 An Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) Indonesian Seas by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research – Code 322 PO large number of internal wave sources throughout the region. Since the Indonesian Seas boarder the equator, the stratification of the waters in this sea area does not change very much with season, and internal wave activity is expected to take place all year round. Table 2 shows the months of the year during which internal waves have been observed in the Bali, Molucca, Banda and Savu Seas Table 1 - Months when internal waves have been observed in the Bali Sea. (Numbers indicate unique dates in that month when waves have been noted) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 12111 11323 Months when Internal Waves have been observed in the Molucca Sea.
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Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of the Savu Basin, Indonesia
Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Savu Basin, Indonesia JAMES W. D. RIGG* & ROBERT HALL SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: The Savu Basin is located in the Sunda–Banda fore-arc at the position of change from oceanic subduction to continent–arc collision. It narrows eastward and is bounded to the west by the island of Sumba that obliquely crosses the fore-arc. New seismic data and published geological observations are used to interpret Australia–Sundaland convergence history. We suggest the basin is underlain by continental crust and was close to sea level in the Early Miocene. Normal faulting in the Middle Miocene and rapid subsidence to several kilometres was driven by subduction rollback. Arc-derived volcaniclastic turbidites were transported ESE, parallel to the Sumba Ridge, and then NE. The ridge was elevated as the Australian continental margin arrived at the Banda Trench, causing debris ﬂows and turbidites to ﬂow northwards into the basin which is little deformed except for tilting and slumping. South of the ridge fore-arc sediments and Australian sedimentary cover were incorporated in a large accretionary complex formed as continental crust was thrust beneath the fore-arc. This is bounded to the north by the Savu and Roti Thrusts and to the south by a trough connecting the Java Trench and Timor Trough which formed by south-directed thrust- ing and loading. The Savu Basin is situated in the fore-arc of the Roti and the Savu Basin connects the Timor Trough Sunda–Banda Arc (Fig.
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Grant Receiving Civil Society Organizations and Their Programmes
Grant receiving civil society organizations and their programmes: 1. Anti-Corruption Solidarity Alliance (Kulu village, Aceh province) - Strengthening people participation in corruption eradication as an effort to actualize good governance in local government in Bireuen District, Aceh Province 2. Advocacy Center for People's Right to Education (Medan, North Sumatera province) - Strengthening community participation in education budget 3. Regional Leadership Institute for Research and Development of Nahdlatul Ulama Human Resources (Medan, North Sumatera province) - Creating honest generation: School and canteen of honesty 4. Forum for Environment (Jakarta, DKI Jakarta province) – Research on participatory action to eradicate corruption in the field of environment in South Kalimantan 5. Titian Institute (Pontianak, West Kalimantan province) - Diagnosis on local woods demand in an effort to eradicate illegal logging and corruption in West Kalimantan 6. Bina Nusantara University (Jakarta, DKI Jakarta province) - Promoting anti-corruption activities to the public: raising the idea of cross-media creative 7. Indonesian Transparency Society (Jakarta, DKI Jakarta province) - Anti-corruption youth camp 2011: Students go anti-corruption 8. RACA Institute (Jakarta, DKI Jakarta province) - Anti-corruption education to the community of farmers and workers through the establishment of informal anti-corruption teachers 9. Committee of Investigation and Combating of Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism Foundation of Central Java (Semarang, Central Java province) - Survey of health services for poor people through a method of citizen report cards in the city of Semarang, Central Java province 10. Information and Data Center for Anti-Corruption Foundation (Jogjakarta, DIY Jogjakarta province) – Citizen Journalism education on anti-corruption through media 11. Society of Independent Villages (Nganjuk, East Java province)- Increasing anti-corruption awareness among the Mosque community in the district Nganjuk 12.
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Observed Estimates of Convergence in the Savu Sea, Indonesia James T
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 108, NO. C1, 3001, doi:10.1029/2002JC001507, 2003 Observed estimates of convergence in the Savu Sea, Indonesia James T. Potemra,1 Janet Sprintall,2 Susan L. Hautala,3 and Wahyu Pandoe4,5 Received 11 June 2002; revised 25 September 2002; accepted 10 October 2002; published 2 January 2003. [1] The Indonesian seas are known to be a region where various Pacific and Indian Ocean water masses converge and are transformed into uniquely characterized Indonesian Sea Water (ISW). The volume of Pacific surface waters that are stored in the Indonesian seas and the timescales for this volume to change are important factors in the formulation of ISW that ultimately enters the Indian Ocean as the Indonesian throughflow (ITF). In this study, data from a recent deployment of pressure gauges surrounding the Savu Sea are used to estimate volume, heat, and freshwater convergence within approximately the upper 100 m. A pair of gauges on the northeastern side (North Ombai and South Ombai) is used to estimate inflow from the Banda Sea through the Ombai Strait, and two pairs (Sumbawa/North Sumba and South Sumba/Roti) are used to estimate outflow to the Indian Ocean via the Sumba and Savu/Dao Straits. The data are used in conjunction with numerical model results to show that at times, for example, November and December of 1996, there can be up to a 10 Sv imbalance between the inflow and the outflow transport. Most of the variability in estimated convergence occurs intraseasonally and seems to be controlled by the flow through the Sumba Strait on the eastern side of the sea.
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On the Ferns of Sumba (Lesser Sunda Islands)
Botany. - On the Ferns of Sumba (Lesser Sunda Islands) . By O . POSTH UMUS . (Communicated by Prof. J. C. SCHO UTE . ) (Communlcated at the meeting of October 25. 1930). In the following list the Ferns gathered by the native collector IBOET ot the Herbarium Buitenzorg. during the voyage of Dr. K. W . DAMMERMAN to th is island (14 March 1925 to 26 May 1925) are enumerated; the material belongs to the Buitenzorg Herbarium. The details about the localities are taken from the labels ; the altitude is added, wherever it could be derived from the maps of the island ; its correctness is of course approximative because the collecting work was done in the rather hilly surroundings of the indicated villages. Remarks about the general aspect of the vegetation can be found in the report of Dr. DAMM ERMAN on his voyage 1) and in the report, made by H . WITKAMP 2) on his geological investigations of the island. Botanical collections were made here formerly only by J. E. TEYSMANN 3 ). The Ferns, collectedon this occasion we re mentioned by BAKER in the book of BECCARI on "Malesia" ; an additional specimen, not recorded by BAKER , was mentioned by VAN ALDERWEREL T VAN ROSENB URGH in his Handbook. Moreover I could study in the Buitenzorg Herbarium some other Ferns collected in the is land by TEYSMANN and not mentioned in "Malesia". The nomenclature and arrangement used is after C. CHRI STEN SEN , Index Filicum, where further details may be found, ex cept in some cases, where the quotations have been given wholly. POLYPODIACEAE . Dryopteris H aenkeana (Presi) O .
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