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Statistics on Water in Mexico

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Statistics on Water in Mexico NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION OF MEXICO STATISTICS ON WATER IN MEXICO 2007 Edition www.cna.gob.mx DISCLAIMER The unaltered reproduction of the material contained in this book is authorized, for non-profit making purposes and quoting the source. This publication is one of the products generated by the National Information System on the Quantity, Quality and Conservation of Water, part of the Planning Division. The edition of this publication was the responsibility of the General Coordination for Institutional Attention, Communication and Water Culture of the National Water Commission of Mexico. Title: Statistics on Water in Mexico, 2007 ISBN: 978-968-817-870-6 First 2007 edition Author: National Water Commission Av. Insurgentes Sur 2416, Col. Copilco El Bajo C.P. 04340, Coyoacan, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico Tel. +52 55 5174 4000. Editor: Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources Boulevard Adolfo Ruiz Cortines No. 4209 Col. Jardines de la Montaña, C.P. 14210, Tlalpan, Mexico City, D.F., Mexico Printed in Mexico Distributed free of charge. Not for sale. DIRECTORY OF THE NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION José Luis Luege Tamargo Director General Marco Antonio Velázquez Holguín Coordinator of Advisors of the Director General Raúl Alberto Navarro Garza Deputy Director General for Administration Roberto Anaya Moreno Deputy Director General for Water Management José Ramón Ardavín Ituarte Deputy Director General for Drinking Water, Sewerage and Sanitation Sergio Soto Priante Deputy Director General for Hydro-Agricultural Infrastructure Jesús Becerra Pedrote Deputy Director General for Legal Division José Antonio Rodríguez Tirado Deputy Director General for Planning Felipe Ignacio Arreguín Cortés Deputy Director General for Technical Matters Coordinator for Emergency Attention and River Basin Councils Heidi Storsberg Montes Coordinator for Institutional Attention, Communication and Water Culture Mario Alberto Rodríguez Pérez Coordinator of the Revision and Fiscal Liquidation Unit Michel Rosengaus Moshinsky Coordinator of the National Meteorological Service Lic. Ricardo Saúl Gutiérrez Calderón Head of the Internal Control Unit EDITORIAL TEAM General coordination: José Antonio Rodríguez Tirado Orlando Jaimes Martínez Publication manager: Ricardo Martínez Lagunes Integration of the edition: Eduardo Acosta Lara Proofreader of the Spanish version / English translator: Colin Herron Collaborators: Claudia Esther Coria Bustos Pérez, María Eugenia de la Peña Ramos, Alejandro Díaz Ponce, Héctor Fonseca Meléndez, María Elena del Carmen Lagos Santoyo, Carlos Raúl Montaño Espinosa, Gabino Gaspar Monterrosa Reyes, Jessica Penagos García, Rubén Ramírez Castro, Lidya Ramírez Altamirano, José Guadalupe Trujillo Jiménez, Gilberto Valdez Rivera y Lourdes Vargas Martínez Your opinion and comments are very important for us: Write to us at: [email protected]. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the elaboration of this document, we received the priceless support of the following institutions: Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources; National Statistics, Geography and Informatics Institute; National Population Council; Ministry of Health; Federal Commission for the Protection against Health Risks; and Federal Commission for Electricity. In particular, we would like to thank the support of the following individuals: Benito Arciniega Castro, Luis Berga, Mario Chavarría Espinosa, Edmundo Gutiérrez Martínez, Carlos Roberto López Pérez, Alejandra Martínez, Hortencia Medina Uribe, María Isabel Monterrubio Gómez, Virgilio Partida Bush, Gilberto Salinas Mendoza, Francisco Takaki Takaki, Eduardo Vázquez Herrera y José Enrique Zavaleta Dorantes. From the CONAGUA, it would be practically impossible to mention the names of all of the people who contributed information; however, we would particularly like to recognize and thank the collaboration of the following: Antonio Acosta Godínez, Julio Alexander Frezieres, Guillermo Bautista Bárcenas, Luis Josafat Caballero, Othón Cervántes Sánchez, Rubén Chávez Guillén, Roberto Contreras Martínez, Antonio Dávila Capiterucho, Valentina Davydova Belitskaya, David Estrella Gómez, Alberto Fernández Cervantes, Antonio Fernández Esparza, Juan Carlos Garcés del Angel, Anabelle García Espinosa, Isidro Gaytan Arvizu, Ernesto González Ocaña, Antonio de Jesús Gordillo Ozuna, Héctor Gutiérrez Ahumada, Martín Hidalgo Wong, José María Hinojosa Aguirre, Ulrich Hungsberg Engelmann, Alberto Hernández Unzón, Juan José Jiménez Becerril,Oscar Islas Camacho, Jorge Juárez González, Mario López Pérez, Jorge Malagón Díaz, Ixchel Martínez Cortés, Carlos Marsch Moreno, Enrique Mejía Maravilla, Antonio Mosqueda Tinoco, Rodrigo Murillo Fernández, Gerardo Ramírez Jiménez, Luís Rendón Pimentel, Mario Alberto Rodríguez Pérez, Pedro Sedano Flores, Lourdes Vargas Martínez, Judith Vásquez Vásquez, Ricardo Vázquez González y Mirna Vida Olascoaga. INTRODUCTION The management and preservation of our nation’s waters is a complex task that requires the combined work of several federal, state and municipal dependencies, and of society as a whole. In order to achieve this, it is necessary for all stakeholders to possess reliable and appropriate information on all aspects related with water management, from variables related to the components of the hydrological cycle, to socio-economic aspects that have an impact on the use of the resource. Aware of this, the National Water Commission (CONAGUA) is pleased to present the 2007 edition of “Statistics on Water in Mexico”, in which the aim is to present the reader with a clear and up-to-date panorama of the situation regarding water in Mexico, and how this compares with the other countries of the world. This document has been developed within the framework of the National Information System on the Quantity, Quality and Conservation of Water (SINA, its initials in Spanish), which has been put together with information provided by the various institutions and organizations which take part in the management and preservation of water resources in Mexico. The document includes eight chapters. They present information on the country’s geographical and socio-economical context and the manner in which this vital resource occurs and is used. Similarly, appropriate information is included on precipitation, runoff, groundwater recharge and meteorological phenomena, as well as water quality. On the subject of hydraulic infrastructure, storage dams, wastewater and drinking water treatment plants and aqueducts are introduced. Likewise, the legal, financial and consensus-building tools that exist in Mexico to carry out the appropriate management of water are approached. Information is also provided related to the relationship between the themes of water, health and the environment, as well as offering a panorama of water in the year 2030 and the aspects related to water planning. Finally, various indicators are compared that allow the information on Mexico to be placed into context with that of other countries around the world. Furthermore, a compact disk has been prepared to accompany the printed version, which includes detailed information for those interested in analyzing the theme and data dealt with in this document in greater depth. We are sure that the publication that we are presenting will be of interest and use to you; and without doubt it will contribute to increasing the appreciation of the water situation in Mexico, supporting awareness-raising on the responsible use and fair payment for water, an indispensable resource for life and the economic development of our nation, as well as for the preservation of the environment. José Luis Luege Tamargo Director General of the National Water Commission Mexico City, August 2007 CONTENTS 1. GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT 9 1.1 GEOGRAPHICAL AND DEMOGRAPHICAL ASPECT 10 1.2 ECONOMIC INDICATORS 14 1.3 INDEX AND DEGREE OF MARGINALIZATION 14 1.4 THE HYDROLOGICAL-ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT 16 1.5 REGIONAL CONTRAST BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND WATER AVAILABILITY 17 1.6 SUMMARY OF DATA BY HYDROLOGICAL-ADMINISTRATIVE REGION AND STATE 18 2. STATE OF WATER RESOURCES 23 2.1 THE COUNTRY’S CATCHMENTS AND AQUIFERS 24 2.2 MEAN NATURAL AVAILABILITY OF WATER 26 2.3 METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA 33 2.4 SURFACE WATER 37 2.5 GROUNDWATER 44 2.6 WATER QUALITY 48 3. USES OF WATER 59 3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF THE USES OF WATER 60 3.2 DISTRIBUTION OF USES THROUGHOUT MEXICO 61 3.3 AGRICULTURAL USE 65 3.4 USE FOR PUBLIC SUPPLY 66 3.5 USE IN SELF-SUPPLYING INDUSTRY 66 3.6 USE IN THERMOELECTRIC PLANTS 67 3.7 USE IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS 67 3.8 WATER STRESS 68 4. HYDRAULIC INFRASTRUCTURE 71 4.1 THE NATION’S HYDRAULIC INFRASTRUCTURE 72 4.2 THE MAIN DAMS IN MEXICO 72 4.3 HYDRO-AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE 77 4.4 DRINKING WATER AND SEWERAGE INFRASTRUCTURE 85 4.5 WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND REUSE 98 4.6 PROTECTION AGAINST FLOODS AND EMERGENCY ATTENTION 106 5. WATER MANAGEMENT TOOLS 109 5.1 INSTITUTIONS RELATED WITH WATER IN MEXICO 110 5.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE USE OF NATIONAL WATERS 111 5.3 ECONOMY AND WATER FINANCES 114 5.4 PARTICIPATION MECHANISMS 123 5.5 WATER-RELATED STANDARDS 132 6. WATER, HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT 139 6.1 WATER AND HEALTH 140 6.2 SOILS, VEGETATION AND FORESTS 143 6.3 BIODIVERSITY 146 6.4 WETLANDS 150 7. FUTURE SCENARIOS 153 7.1 GROWTH TRENDS 154 7.2 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2007-2012 160 7.3 NATIONAL WATER PROGRAM 2007-2012 161 8. WATER IN THE WORLD 163 8.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS 164 8.2 COMPONENTS OF THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE IN THE WORLD 168 8.3 USES OF WATER AND INFRASTRUCTURE 174
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