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Culture in a Connected World: Exploring the Work of Digital

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Culture in a Connected World: Exploring the Work of Digital Culture in a Connected World: Exploring the Work of Digital Observatories Culture in a Connected World: Exploring the Work of Digital Observatories By: Priya Kumar With inputs from: Maura Youngman Sebestián Cuervo Sanjay Fernandes Joyojeet Pal Prepared at: Table Of Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Organization Structure at Observatories................................................................................................................ 5 Case Studies............................................................................................................................................................ 16 Berkman Center for Internet and Society........................................................................................................................ 16 Centre for Internet and Society........................................................................................................................................ 20 Electronic Frontier Foundation....................................................................................................................................... 24 eGovLab.......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Google.org....................................................................................................................................................................... 29 iSchools........................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Oxford Internet Institute................................................................................................................................................... 36 Pew Internet and American Life Project.......................................................................................................................... 38 Social Media Collective.................................................................................................................................................... 41 Transparency International.............................................................................................................................................. 43 UNESCO – International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)................................................... 46 Observatories in Colombia..................................................................................................................................... 49 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología (Colombian Observatory of Science and Technology), Bogotá, Colombia............................................................................................................................................................ 50 Observatorio de Culturas (Observatory of Cultures), Bogotá, Colombia......................................................................... 54 Observatorio de Sociedad, Gobierno y Tecnologías de la Información (Observatory of Society, Government and Information Technologies), Bogotá, Colombia.......................................................................................................... 58 Research Areas........................................................................................................................................................ 62 Archives........................................................................................................................................................................... 62 Art.................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Big Data........................................................................................................................................................................... 71 Democracy and e-Governance........................................................................................................................................ 76 Educational Technology................................................................................................................................................... 82 Human Computer Interaction........................................................................................................................................... 87 Information Policy............................................................................................................................................................. 92 Libraries and Open Access............................................................................................................................................. 101 Network Economy........................................................................................................................................................... 104 Social Media................................................................................................................................................................... 108 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................................. 114 .. 2 Introduction What happens when people discover a new way to interact with each other, with organizations, and even with machines? What does it mean to have a new space through which to interact? These basic questions and their permutations drive digital culture observatories, which exist in the public, private, and nonprofit sector. Broadly speaking, digital culture examines the intersection of technology and society. For example, it considers how people’s ability to connect and share information affects empowerment and impacts democracy. It explores the role of technology in people’s lives, in their relationships, and in their communities. It seeks to understand the implications of rapidly changing technology and equip institutions to manage these changes. The adoption of information technology in recent years has revolutionized the way social and economic exchanges shape societies all over the world. Traditional scholarly disciplines have studied these changes, but governments and scholarship alike are approaching dynamic new ways of understanding and appropriating them into the evolving digital economy. Studying digital culture has often necessitated the creation of new institutions in various parts of the world. These include state-funded departments that survey and analyze information use among citizens, information schools – which are a worldwide movement of academic institutions that study information use and design, and research collectives that study information-related policies and trends throughout society. This range of institutions, which we refer to here as ‘digital observatories’ are at the forefront of examining various contemporary subject areas including human computer interaction, network economy, information policy, social media use, big data, digital archives, and e-governance, among others. Such digital observatories have emerged in various parts of the world and are organized around different areas of focus, funding models, and functioning structures. While a few operate broadly across many domains in the digital culture area, others focus particular areas of expertise. Some observatories primarily work under an academic model, providing training to scholars alongside their research activities. Others operate purely for research purposes, and still others provide consulting and commercial services to private-sector entities. Likewise, important distinctions emerge in the ways that such observatories and funded and structured – ranging from fully independent organizations that raise their own funding through grants and services to state-managed observatories that exist either as extensions of academic institutions or existing government departments. One important way in which many of these observatories are alike is that they are frequently highly collaborative organizations that partner extensively with other organizations either in their own domains or in related areas. Another feature we find is the prevalence of open approaches to data and research sharing in the digital observatories. We find in this research that several observatories use open models of research and dissemination even when they conduct research on technology innovation or sensitive topics such as privacy. Sharing this work in the public domain and encouraging citizen feedback and interaction with research frequently strengthens the work. Likewise, metrics for success in research evolve through various forms of outreach rather than through a traditional model of restrictive specialized publishing. 3 Fellowships, internships, and academic programs offer educational and mentorship opportunities to train a future generation of digital culture scholars and practitioners. Observatories tap into academic and industry expertise and carve out agendas for research and
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