“What's in a Name?” Asks Shakespeare And

Home , Bauris, Bhadrak, Bhadrak district, Bhoi dynasty, Bidhu Bhusan Das, Biswanathpur

Chapter –I

General

“What’s in a name?” Asks Shakespeare and dismisses its significance lock, stock & barrel. However, certain names, pregnant with depth, evoke and inspire. Bhadrak is such a name that rings a note of spirituality. Presumed to have been named after its presiding deity Bhadrakali, Bhadrak registers a religious sense. And that virtue has played first to its existence- physical and psychic . Agrarian to the core, Bhadrak is no less egalitarian . Blessed with such proclivity, the place has carved a niche for itself through the ages . Its ancientness is mentioned by John Beams who writes in his “Notes on Akbar is subah with reference to Ain-i-Akabari” that “Bhadrak as it should be written with final KH, it should be said to be from Balabhadra Kshetra , the field or tract sacred to Balabhadra”. According to Hindu mythology, Balabhadra, eleder brother of Lord Jagannath, is the god of agriculture. In ancient times, Bhadrak was also famous for agriculture. Hence the place might have been named Balabhadrakshetra or Bhadrakkhetra or Bhadrak.

Bhadrak , more precisely Charampa, is associated with Jainisim till 9th-10th century A.D In Jain literature, there is mention of ‘Bhaddiya-katak a place where Mahavir , the last Tirthankar had spent two rainy seasons to preach his sermons. Bhaddiya-katak might have been transliterated later on into “Bhadrak-katak” and then Bhadrak. Another assumption with regard to the name Bhadrak has been made by Dr Pravat Kumar Mohanty , who in his published doctoral dissentation expresses ,” The proposition which may be comparatively taken as more acceptable in that this land was named probably after an important person having some connection with it or a ruler who ruled over it . The possibility of the relation of the epithet “Bhadrak “of this region was with the name’ Bhadrak ‘which appears in

1-Ambasthya, B.P ,Beam’s Contribution to the Political Geography of the Subahs of Awadh, Bihar,Bengal and Odisha in the age of Akbar –Patna 1976 p-108 .

2- “The Bhadrak inscription as the husband of Rangholi (the donor) or with that of Bhadranath of the popular Bhadrakali legend may not be ruled out at together” . Mohanty ,Pravat Kumar History of Bhadrak,Bhubaneswar 2010 p-5 .

3- Dr Mohanty also refered to the Bhagabat where he finds “ reference to a list of ten kings of the Sung dynasty who are stated to reign successively over the earth (Magadha empire ) in Kaliyoga, and Bhadrak the son of and successor to Basumitra , has been named as the fifth king in the line. This Magadha ruler with his political power probably had some connection with the naming of this region as Bhadrak”. 2

4-Another assumption with regard to the origin of the name of the place has been made by Pandit Nilamani Mishra ex-curator of the Odisha State Museum. He says that according to hearsay, Charampa or Charampa Nagar, an important Jain center of Bhadrak was ruled in ancient time by a Jain ruler named Dadhivamana, who was an enemy of the king of the adjacent state Magadha later on his land was conquered by Magadha and Bhadrika, the chief of the Magadha army was appointed its ruler. Hence the region was named after him as Bhadrak.

These assumptions testify to the ancientness of Bhadrak and its importance. Historically ,Bhadrak was a dandapata, under the gang kings and Suryabanshi rulers. During the Mughal period,it was made a “sarakar” and the Martha rulers constituted it as a” Chakala”. Under the British Raj, Bhadrak became a sub-division of Balasore district in 1847. However, it was elevated to a district on the first April 1993 . Surrounded by green paddy fields, enriched by the rivers like Salandi, Gumati, Baitarani, Kanshbansha etc , affluent in ancient times by maritime trade and commerce transacted through the ports such as Churamani, Chandbali etc and hallowed by a galaxy of literary luminaries and gallant freedom fighters, Bhadrak has been a place with a significant difference that enlightens, elevates and extends the horizon of people’s consciousness. It evokes a scense of glorious past, presents a persevering present and points to a fascinating future .

This District is bounded by Balasore District on the north, Jajpur District and river Baitarani on the south, Keonjhar District on the west and Bay of Bengal & Kendrapada District on the east.

It is located at Latitude 20 degree 43 minutes to 21 degree 13 minutes north and Longitude 86 degree 16 minutes to 87 degree east. The Bhadrak District covers an area of 2505 sq. kms. With geographical area of 246529 Hect. The total population of the District is 1506337 with total male population as 760260 and female population as 746077. Total SC population is 334896 whereas the total ST population is 30428. Bhadrak District has got only one Subdivision namely Bhadrak. There are 07 Tahahasils & 07 Blocks functioning in the District. The two municipalities, one NAC, 17 Police Stations , 193 Grampanchayats are there in Bhadrak District.

Subdivision Tahasil Block Police Station Bhadrak Bhadrak Bhadrak Bhadrak Town Bhadrak Rural Puruna bazaar Energy PS Chandabali Chandabali Chandbali Bansada Dhamara Marine Basudevpur Basudevpur Basudevpur Naikanidihi Kasia Chudamani Bonth Bonth Bonth Ps Agarpada Tihidi Tihidi Tihidi Dhamnagar Dhamnagar Dhamnagar Dhusuri Bhandaripokhari Bhandaripokhari Bhandaripokhari

The climate of this District is generally hot and humid with May being the hottest month. December is the coldest month monsoon generally arriving during the month of June. The rainfall during June to October constitutes at least 75 % of the actual rainfall of this District.

The area is mainly a plain area without any hill or high terrain. The main Rivers in the District are 1)Baitarani, 2)Salandi, 3)Gomei, 4)Kansbans, 5)Mantei, 6)Kochila, 7)Genguti, 8)Reba, 9)Kapali.

Agriculture is the main source of Income of the District. Paddy is grown as the main crop in Kharip, covering approximately 94% of the total cultivable area. But people in the sea coast area ( Dhamara, Chudamani of Bsudevpur&Chandabali area of Chandabali Block) also depend upon fishing for their livelihood.

As per District’s economy is concerned Bhadrak District has some big Industries like FACOR, one of the largest manufacturers of quality ferrochrome in the country and a large number of small industries like AB electrical , Abhigoura Rice mill and Aloknath Ice factory etc. Bhadrak District has a District Industries Centre, which in addition to the promotion of the different industries, performance other functions like implementations of the different self- employment programs, undertaking of survey for potential enterprises and recommending for quality certifications like EPM/ISO for products and enterprises etc.

Odisha witnessed a historical moment on May 6, 2011 with the beginning of commercial operations at its only second all weather port at Dhamra, in the northern part of Odisha. After the first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru’s foundation stone laying ceremony for Paradip Port on 3rd January 1962, the fully mechanized port at Dhamra is cherished as one of the deepest seaports in South Asia and the second all weather port in Odisha. However, the formal inauguration of Dhamra Port was done on December 18, 2011 by Hon’ble Chief Minister of Odisha Sj Naveen Patnaik. In the year 2005, a joint venture company formed in the name of Dhamra Port Company Limited (DPCL) with 50-50 partnership of Larsen & Toubro Limited and Tata steels limited had taken up the port project and activities of land acquisition and other formalities for the port and rail link project resumed.

After being acquired by the Adani Group in 2014, the Dhamra Port is now heading for 2nd phase expansion. Presently, Dhamra Port is a fully owned subsidiary of Adani Port and SEZ Ltd. The public hearing for the port expansion project was already done successfully in the year 2013 and all necessary formalities are completed to commence the expansion activities.

The educational development of the Bhadrak District is prominently visible in case of Bhadrak College established in the year 1947 which later on came to be known as Bhadrak Autonomous College. Bhadrak Women’s college, Bhadrak High School or Zilla School are also some of the leading educational institutes of the Bhadrak District. Bhadrak Institute of Engineering and Technology, Industrial Training Centres and Diploma Colleges are the epitomes of technical education of the District.

The District has given birth to a number of prominent personalities like ex chief minister Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab & Mr. Nilamani Routray. Other personality included Moulabi Mohammad Hannif, Kanta Kabi Laxmikanta Mohapatra & Jatiya Kabi Banchhanidhi Mohanty.

Bhadrak District celebrates number of festivals round the year. Kali puja, Durga Puga, Jagar (Siva Ratri), Panchuka Purnima, Ratha Yatra & Holi are the important festivals of the District.

AREA AND POPULATION OF BHADRAK DISTRICT.

GEOGRAPHICAL AND POPULATION DETAILS IN THE DISTRICT GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2505 Sq.Km % POPULATION TOTAL 15,06,337 MALE 760260 50.47 FEMALE 746077 49.53 RURAL 1320499 87.7 URBAN 185838 12.3 SCHEDULED CASTE 334896 22.2 SCHEDULED CASTE MALE 168687 11.19 SCHEDULED CASTE 166209 11.03 FEMALE SCHEDULED TRIBE 30428 2.00 SCHEDULED TRIBE MALE 15361 1.0 SCHEDULED TRIBE 15067 1.0 FEMALE POPULATION DENSITY 601 ( Per sq. Km) LITERACY TOTAL LITERACY 82.8 LITERACY MALE 89.6 LITERACY FEMALE 75.8 HOUSE HOLDS TOTAL HOUSE 238888 RURAL HOUSE HOLDS 215142 90.06 URBAN HOUSE HOLDS 23746 9.94 BPL HOUSE HOLDS ( 2001 58647 Census)

ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP

Administrative Setup of the District No. of Subdivision 01 No. of Tahasils 07 No of Municipality / Corporation 02 No. of NAC 01 No. of Blocks 07 No. of Police Station 17 No of Gram panchayat 193 No. of inhabited Villages 1243 No of Uninhabited villages 68 No of Villages 1311

ECONOMY OF THE BHADRAKDISTRICT.

Agriculture is the main source of income in the District, with paddy, wheat and mung being the chief crops grown. But many people in the sea coast areas Dhamara , Chudamani of Basudevpur and Chandabali area of Chandabali Block’s also depend upon fishing. Some people in the NAC & Municipality areas have sound businesses of Hotels and Restaurants. Big and small Industries present in the District contribute towards its economy. FACOR one of the largest manufacturers of quality ferrochrome in the country is a big industry. AB electrical ,Abhigoura Rice mill and Alokanath ICE factory etc are some of the small industries. Dhamara port recently built by L&T and Tata Steel & subsequently taken over by Aadani Group is giving a tremendous boost to the District’s economy and will also further give in the coming years.

CHAPTER -II

History

Bhadrak sub-division of the undivided Balasore district became a new district on the first April, 1993 (vide Govt. in Revenue Department Notification number DRC-44/93, 14218/R dtd the 27 March, 1993). It is one of the northern districts of Odisha lying to the east of Indian sub- continent. Its geographical coordinates are 20’44” and 21’ 15” Northern Latitudes and 86’ 16” and 86’ 58” Eastern Longitudes. The district is surrounded by Balasore district in the north, Jajpur and the river Baitarani in the south, Keonjhar district in the west and the Bay of Bengal and Kendrapada district in the east. The area of this district is 2505 sq.kms with a population 15, 06,522 as per the figure of the 2011 census. It is a level track of alluvial soil with gradual slope eastwards to the Bay of Bengal. The Salandi, the Baitarani, the Kanshbansha , the Gumati , the Mantei, the Genguti ,the Kochila, the Reba and the Kapali river & flow through and around the district. The East Coast Railway runs through the head quarters making the place a big trade centre from long time past. The place has a long cultural heritage which has been duly recognized by eminent historians

In fact, Bhadrak’s advent as a new district has behind it so many ups and downs. These also include a long tradition and an incredible heritage. The place, girdled by the river salandi has borne glorious significance on the pages of the history of Odisha. It has envisaged a number of vicissitudes along with glory and glamour. And it has been capable enough to keep the flag of the culture of Odisha aloft. The place has also been sanctified by the visit of so many saints and seers, personages and heroes. Quite a good number of renowned poets, writers, playwrights, musicians have taken birth here those who have enriched the different facets of culture while ennobling and inspiring the Odiya nation. It has also been the brunt of the attack of some alien aggressors

Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian says that Egypt is the gift of the Nile. Similarly Bhadrak is the gift of the Salandi that has played a key role in the rise of Bhadrak .The plain, alluvial area of the river forms the district. Moreover, Bhadrak is a marvelous conjoining of rural and urban civilization. Though its name is still mysterious, it is certain that the name owes its orgin to the local deity Bhadrakali. The city state of Athens of the fifth century B.C Greece had been named

8 after Athena, the presiding goddess of Greece. So was Assyria of ancient Mesopotamia that had been named after its deity.

In Odisha the place Sambalpur has also been named after its deity Sambaleswari. This argument justifies that Bhadrak was born in ancient time. It is known from the available inscription that the temple of Bhadrakali was built at Purnabazar (Now) in the 16thcentury. Later, when the place was inhabited by Afghan Pathans who may have oppressed the then Hindu population, the goddess was shifted by the sub-rulers to Aharapada,a place sittuted 9 kms away from Bhadrak town. Now the place is known as “Bhadrakalisahi”. Like other places Bhadrak was full of dense forests in ancient time. It was between 5000 B.C and 3000B.C. A coppeaxe got at Gadapada a village, twenty four kilometers way from Balasore Town testified to the rise of Copper Age at Balasore. Hence it is certain that man’s inhabitation took place at Bhadrak, a place only sixty four miles away from Balasore in the 4th A.D the darkened history of Bhadrak gets some light. It was during the reign of monarch Samudra gupta.

Samudra gupata’s commander in chief was a war monger. Harsen’s inscription says that Odisha was in Samudra Gupta Empire. Dr Harekrushna Mahatab opines that the stone inscription found at the Bhadrakali temple at Bhadrak is written in the letter of the Gupat reign. That verily proves how Bhadrak was included in the Gupta Empire. Another chapter of Bhadrak is revealed during Harsha’s reign in the 7th century A.D. Husen Tsang’s accounts throw more light on the conquest of Odisha. Shashanka was the ruler of the Gouda province which was extended upto Balasore . Harsha had defeated him and captured his kingdom. From that angle of vision, it won’t be inconsistent to say that Bhadrak , situated not far away from Balasore , had also gone too Harsha .

During Harsh’s reign, Husen Tsang had travelled from North India to South India via Orissa (Odradesh). According to his accounts, since Odradesh started from the northern side that is, today’s Medinipur; the entire Balasore district was included in Harsh’s empire. Huen Tsang had travelled on foot to the Buddhist sites at Lalitgiri and Ratnagiri through Bhadrak where he was journeying towards South India. It is known that Bhadrak had come under the reign of the Ganga dynasty from 1211 to 1436 A.D. and the Surya dynasty from 1436 to 1568 AD. During the rule of the Ganga dynasty, Orissa was divided into 31 ‘’Dandapats’’ of which Bhadrak was one. Even Bhadrak was prominent during the rule of the Surys dynasty. Sri Chaitanya had set foot on Bhadrak when king prataprudra Deva of Bhoi dynasty was ruling. Sri Chaitanya had

9 been to Kuansh and Santhia villages of Bhadrak. His sojourn at Santhia was remarkable. He had left a piece of his bedding at the Madan Mohan temple there (which is still worshipped). Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita mentions that the saint had stayed there for two days and had left an old piece bedding there.

Still today people find that banyan tree at Kuansh named ‘’Banshibata’’ under the shade of which chaitanya had taken rest. As Bhadrak is situated beside the grand Trunk road that ran from Calcutta to Madras, it was a battle ground of Afgans, Mughal, Marathas and the British. In the 16th Century, Orissa had experienced hard times. In 1568 Gajapati Mukunda Harichandran fell out with the then ruler of Bengal Suleman Karani. It precipitated a war that was fought at Gohiritikiri under Dhamnagar Police station, a place not far away from Bhadrak. In the war Mukunda Dev was defeated and slain. May be, later on the Afgan ruler had converted Hindus to Islam as a result of which Dhamnagar had/has a considerable size of Muslim population. The road from Calcutta to Sree Kshetra Puri had run through today’s Puruna Bazar (Bhadrak), Haripur and Dhamnagar and got connected with the Jagannath road. The Satabhauni temple is an indicator of this. Even today the people there hail it as ‘’Badadanda’’ and pay homage to the road.

Some Afgan muslims from Dhamnagar may have come to Puruna Bazar along that road and settled there. That is why the place is thickly muslim populated now. May be, during that time the temple of Bhadrakali was shifted from Bhadrak. It is a fact that with the defeat and death of Mukunda Dev Orissa lost its freedom. Suleiman karani, the then ruler of the Bengal became the sovereign lord of Orissa. Hence from 1568 to 1578, Bhadrak was ruled by Afgans. In 1572, Suleiman Karani died and his son Daud succeeded him. At that time Akbar was the monarch at Delhi. Daud defied him and declared Bengal’s independence in 1574. So Akbar declared war against him. In 1575, he sent his two commanders, Todam Malla and Munim Khan to confront Daud . Daud was defeated and acted as a mere ruler of Orissa under the Mughal emperor. For administration point of view, Akbar divided Odisha into three Sarkars, namely Cuttack, Jaleswar and Bhadrak. The Cuttack Sarkar remained under Daud while Bhadrak & Jaleswar Sarkars were directly ruled by Moghal emperor. Nazir Bahadur was appointed representative of the Moghal administration. Daud acted as the ruler of Orissa. During his rule, Bhadrak had a army cantonment which was stationed at Baudpur (now) on the banks of the Salandi. May be the place was named Daudpur which became Baudpur later.

In the meantime the Daud had rebelled against the Afgan rulers. According to Ain-i- Akbari written by Abul Fazl, Daud had assassinated the then ruler of Bhadrak. Nazir Bahadur in 1577. To avenge this, Akbar sent Todar Malla and Munim Khan in 1577. A fierce battle was fought at Rajmahal which led to Daud’s defeat and getting killed. Thus ended the drama of the Afgan rule of Bhadrak. Its hero was Moghal ruler. Since 1578, Orissa was ruled as a separate Subah or province under Akbar. At this time Todar Malla did settlement and divided Orissa into five sarkars of which Bhadrak was one. Ain-i-Akbari also mentions that Today Malla had stayed at Bhadrak for some days to supervise the settlement work. The Bhadrak sarkar, in those days, had extended from the river Kansabansha to the river Baitarani. Later the Afgans led by Kutulu Lohani had revolted against the then Moghal emperor. As a result, Orissa became a battle ground of the Moghals and the Afgans again. Akbar sent his valiant commander Mansing who defeated the Afgans on the banks of the river Subarnarekha in 1592 and took up the reins of power of Orissa. Ain-i-Akbari mentions that Mansing stayed at Bhadrak for some days and then went to Puri . He had given ‘jagiri’ to muslims there. So Bhadrak became a thickly muslim populated place.

In the first decade of the 17th century the famous Sadabarta Matha (now) was established under the patronage of Mana Sing. It was a place that provided for shelter and food to the pilgrims going to Puri. Juma Masjid at Purnabazar and the shekhasahi Masjid at Kuansha were built at that time.

Bhadrak was one of the five Sarakars comprised during Mana Singh’s time and Bhadrak was its headquarters. Kaupur a place near Bhadrak had a branch office of it. Again the Bhadrak sarakar was divided into seven ‘mohalals’ during Man Singh’s time and it was increased to 19 when Aurangzeb was the ruler. In course of time, it came down to 14 ‘mohalas’. Even today there are 14 mohalas such as Kazi,Banka,Pathan ,Langa,Shankarpur, etc. where predominantly muslims live . During the Marhatta rule, Orissa as a Province was ruled by a Marhatta Subedar. So Bhadrak had also come under the Marhatta rule. The Moghalbandi areas had been divided into four ‘Chakalas’ for administrative convenience, Bhadrak was one of those four chakalas .The Bhadrak Chakala had also been divided into some ‘Praganas’. T.Matlo, in his report has mentioned that he had travelled from Calcutta, arrived at Bhadrak on May 1, 1766 and stayed for some days. He has also reported that there a large number of people of Bhadrak who used to go to Calcutta in search of Joel. The queen of Burdwan king had dug a tank at a place now known

11 as Ranital to address the problem of shortage of water. This place is only six kilometers to the north of Bhadrak. In fact the place has been named after the queen and was known a “Rani ka Talabe”. Mr matto has mentioned that he had spent a day at Dhamanagar which was also muslim populated.

Fourteen years after Motto’s travel G.F. Leki, an Enlish officer was sent by the then Governor General Cornwallis to Bhadrak. He reached Bhadrak on 26 February (Fridaya) and spent a night there. He has mentioned the tank at Ranital which is now famous as ‘Asura Tank’. He visited Dhamanagar on February 29 (Saturaday) via –Chudakuti (Churakoka) and spent a night there. He saw a shelter and stayed at Dhamanagar. The transparent water of the tank had captivated him.

Bhadrak was ruled by Maratha Subedar, Shambhoji Ganesh in 1768. Profanely a bazaar was established at a place known as Januganja’s (now) by the representative of the Marhatta king Janoji Bhonsale. The place was named after the said king,Ganja is a Maratha word meaning of which is ‘bazaar’ .The name is suede at Balasore and some other places where the Marahatt’s had ruled . Bhadrak remained under the Maratha rule from 1751 to 1803. In 1803, the British occupied Orissa defeating the Marathas. During the battle, an English commander as chief cornel Ferguson and cornel Freak traveled from Medinipur and arrived at Bhadrak on 10 October,1803 and spent a night there. The British introduced administrative reform after occupying Orissa and in1804 divided the Moghalbandi areas into two divisions Cuttack and Balasore formed one division and Cuttack was head quarters ,Robet Ker(?) was appointed judicial magistrate and Collector of Balasore . Hence he was also the first British administrative officer of Bhadrak. This way Balasore remained in the Cuttack Division not as a separate district but as a sub-division till 1821. Bhadrak remained under Balasore.

However, the British government had established a sub-contenment in number 1805 as they had realized the importance of Bhadrak. A division of army had been sent form this place to put down the Paika Rebellion of 1817. On May 1,1806, a police station was established at Bhadrak comprising 949 villages. A daroga with an emolument of twenty five rupees, a mohani with an emolument of rupees eight and ten constables (banakardwaj) with an emolument of rupees four each were appointed, Balasore became a district in 1828 when Bhadrak became a sub-division . Bhadrak was administered by a deputy magistrate and deputy collector, Khan Bahadur Sayed Dilwar Ali as the first Magistrate of Bhadrak.

Since the Calcutta Srikhetra highway was on the eastern side of the Salandi river , the present Nua Bazar and Katcheri Bazar had not come up then That’s why, till today the Purunabazar area is thickly populated . The British government decided to constant a straight way to avert administrative inconvenience. Hence in October 1812 they appointed Captain Salevile , superintendent of works on a salary of Rs 500/- per month. The road constructed by him lay near by the side of the present Bhadrak Katcheri. The old narrow bridge across the Salandi river how also been constructed by them. That road was extended up to Cuttack and was completed in 1819. As people of Bhadrak faced a lot of in convenience because of water-logging they used to make breaches along that road. The British government realized that and built another bridge namely ‘Chhapolia Bridge’ between 1812 to 1819. Mention about construction of a ‘saria’ (Shelter) at Bhadrak in 1827 for distant wayfarers is also available. As the relics of an old well are found at Saran Bazar it is presented that the said ‘sarai’ was there. After construction of the road mentioned above, that is, after 1830 human habitation rose at Kacheri Bazar. In 1840-41, an officer namely Kishenkanta Mitten was appointed to prepare a book of reference of Land owned by the people of Bhadrak. Mr Brown was the deputy Collector of Bhadrak then.

Bhadrak was a victim to famine and drought many a time during the 19th century . Of the droughts that visited the area in 1836,1839,1840,1865, the drought in 1865 was the most severe. As a result, the famine in 1866 is considered a cursed chapters in the history of Odisha . Bhadrak had been severely affected and presented harrowing phenomena of inenarrable starving people loitering along and across the roads. More over thousands of people died. While in previous Year rice sold forty ser (less than a kilogram) per rupee it sky rocketed to one ‘ser’ per rupee that year. In this juncture, some chushlar missing unit had spent money to dig tank at Bhadrak to provide job to the famine affected people. That tank was known as Kadakis tank is seen near the Bank basuli temple now. Again Bhadrak was adversely affected by the famine in 1896 which took a heavy toll .In the midst of such vagaries of nature, Bhadrak has not shrunk. Rather it has risen like a Phoenix. The contribution of Bhadrak to the Indian freedom struggle is note worthy. Mahatma Gandhi had arrived at Bhadrak town in the last part of March, 1921. During the Non- Cooperation movement Bhadrak plunged into it and responded to Gandhiji’s clarion call to boycott five things namely govt. educational institution, foreign cloth, alcohol and govt. Title . In 1922, the peasant’s agitation at Kanika incurred the wroth of Kanika king who sought the help of the British government. The latter sent him their police force stationed at Bhadrak. The convict tried at Bhadrak Katcheri was punished. One of them was Bhagirathi Mohaptra.

Gandhiji again visited Bhadrak in 1927 when the place was damaged by unprecedented flood. The role of Bhadrak during the salt satyagraha in 1930 was remarkable. Specially Dr Harekrushna Mahatab’s role it is praiservorworthy . In 1934, Mahatams Gandhi visited Orissa again. He reached puri and from there, he started his foot march and reached Bhadrak after visiting Bari and Jajpur . His arrival at Bhadrak had stirred all irrespective of caste, sex, religion, age. He had stayed at the building of Dr Harekrushna Mahatab (Mahatab Kothi). A veteran freedom fighter was National poet Banchhanidhi Mohanty. He used to compose patriotic songs and slang them so emotionally that people got excited.

Bhadrak had participated significantly in the Quit India movement of 1942. Responding to the call, People again, demonstrated against the British Raj on 22 September. As a result, nine agitators including Nidhi Mahalik were shot dead by the British police. Likewise on 28 september, people of Eram and its adjacent villages under Basudevpur police station rose against the British Raj and that led to horrendous police action. The agitation was led by Aniruddha Mohanty, Kamalakanta Kar,Gouranga charan Mohanty and was ably supported by Dr Harekrushana Mahatab , Bhagabat sahoo, Md Hanif, Nalimani Routray ,etc . The police firing was so brutal that it led to the killing of 29 persons including one women namely Pani Bewa. This is known as the second Jallianawalla Bagh tragedy.

India became free on 15 August 1947 because of the immense sacrifice and dedication of such immortal freedom fighters. Bhadrak felt glorious for its ample role in the freedom struggle . As a matter of fact, Bhadrak has demonstrated it’s mighty down the ages. It is said “small is beautiful”. As a small district in Odisha, Bhadrak is beautiful and bountiful.

Uprising Freedom Movement In The District:

The contribution of Bhadrak District is un-paralleled in the freedom struggle of India as illuminated by the various movements. The congress party had taken the lead role in conceiving and manifesting such movements. The coming of the father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi to this district had impelled the people to join the freedom struggle. In the first phase discarding of foreign clothes, prohibition of liquor and usage of indigenous weaving machine (Charakha) was inculcated in the minds of people of this District and the same was accepted in a great spirit and much elan causing stiff resistance to the Britishers. To exhibit the non-cooperation, it was almost

14 a regular affair everywhere in the district to burn the foreign clothes. At that time the cloth marchents in Bhadrak were constrained to stop import of foreign clothes. A pioneer organization called "Jatiya Sikhya Parishad" was constituted by the freedom fighter Gopabandhu Choudhary. The vive of the time can be judged visit from the visit of Mahatma Gandhi to this District thrice i.e. on 24th March, 1921, 26th December, 1927 and 5th June, 1934.

In 1920 the School students left the schools in order to join in the non-cooperation movement under the leadership of Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab. Moulabi Mohammad Hanif, the Excise Inspector resigned from his lucrative post as a mark of non-cooperation with the britishers. Two freedom fighters became martyrs during "Kanika Praja Andolan". Further in order to propel the non-cooperation movements the Jamidars of Bhadrak District were restrained to book cases against the defaulters of Revenue Payments.

Hundreds of freedom fighters were arrested during the "Labana Satyagraha" in 1930. A prominent nationalist and freedom fighters Bhagaban Sahu was arrested while violating the salt rule in Bideipur. Another freedom fighter Nityananda Mohapatra a prominent writer also joined in "Aain Amanya Andolan"(Civil Disobedience). Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab steered the movement by forming an institution called "Karma Mandir ", whose objective was to encourage Khadi Udyog, sanitation of villages and eradication of un-touchability. Dr. Mahatab along with his wife worked relentlessly to realize a reformed society.

In the pace of freedom struggle "Quit India Movement" was the last important phase. This movement was launched in a Convention held at Bombay on 8th August, 1942 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi who urged every Indian to participate in the movement. Dr. Mahatab a prominent activist of that convention inspired and urged the people of Bhadrak for active participation in the movement. The movement ultimately touched peaks at several occasions for which this district is well known in the history of freedom struggle of India. On 28th Sep, 1942 while holding a public meeting against the British rule, 29 freedom fighters were massacred by the britishers and 56 others were seriously injured at ERAM in Basudevpur block of this district. A woman activist named Pari Bewa was also among the martyrs at ERAM. Nine Satyagrahis also fell down to the bullets of the Britishers on 22 September, 1942 at Lunia in Bhadrak Block of this District. The people all over the district were agitated & against the barbarian rule of the britishers.

On 17 Sep, 1942 an independent state in the name of "Banchhanidhi Chakala" was declared by a revolutionary poet called Banchhanidhi Mohanty. This was a parallel Govt. with the British one. Freedom fighter Gouranga Ch. Mohanty was declared as the president of this Chakala while Kamala Prasad Kar another freedom fighter was the principal Senapati. Sri Mohanty exercised the powers of a peresident while Sri Kar exercised the power of the Prime Minister. Freedom fighters Anurudha Mohanty, Pravakar Tripathy and Ganesh Prasad Tripathy were principal functionaries of this Govt. There were 6 (Six) Gram Panchayats under the independent Chakala which comprised of 26 villages. All sort of Grievances and plights of the people were heard and adjudicated. Though there was no major incident after the ERAM firing, but all the movements continued unabated till India got freedom.

CHAPTER-III

PEOPLE & DEMOGRAPHY

PEOPLE:

Bhadrak ranks 27 among the districts of the state in area. But as regards population it ranks 12. The population as per 2011 Census is given below:-

Sl. Name of the Tahasil & Male Female Total NO Municipality/NAC 1 Bhadrak Tahasil 99686 96398 196084 2 Bonth Tahasil 76918 75145 152063 3 Bhandaripokhari Tahasil 63753 63407 127158 4 Basudevpur Tahasil 109642 109466 219108 5 Dhmanagar Tahasil 91334 89947 181281 6 Tihidi Tahasil 97557 97211 194768 7 Chandbali Tahasil 126367 123670 250037 8 Bhadrak Municipality 55090 52373 107463 9 Basudevpur NAC 16927 16763 33690 10 Dhamnagar NAC 11758 11162 22920 The decadal growth rate of Bhadrak district from 2001 to 2011 is 12.9 percent.

According to Census report of 2001, there were 675642 male and 658107 female totaling to 1333749 populations. Whereas in 2011 Census it was 760260 for male and 746077 for female totaling up to 1506337. Thus the growth rate of the district is within the growing rate of the state i.e. 14.00 percent.

The density of population of Bhadrak district was 532 in 2001 Census and hiked to 601 in 2011 Census. It always crossed the state average which was 236 and 270 during 2001 and 2011 Census respectively. The high density is due to fertile land.

The number of villages in the district is 1311 out of which 1243 are inhabited and 68 are uninhabited . As per 2011 Census, rural population of the district is 1320499 which is 87.7% of the district. While the state rural population is 83.3%. Thus it has crossed state average.

 List of villages having more than 10,000 population are as follows:- Sl. Name of the Block Name of the Total No village population 1 Basudevpur Bidei 13428 2 Bhadrak Gujidarada 11746

 List of villages having more than 5,000 population but less than 10,000 are as follows:- Sl. Name of the Block Name of the Total No village population 1 Basudevpur Adhuan 7024 Chudamani 9975 Kismat 6974 Krushnapur Padhuan 6945 2 Bonth Tillo 5046 3 Dhamnagar Jayanagar 7282 Nadigan 5792

URBAN POPULATION: The urban population of the district is 185838 according to 2011 Census. The proportion of urban population to the total population of the district is 12.3% which is less than the corresponding state figure of 16.7 %. The urban population of the district is given below:- Sl. Name of the Population as per 2001 Population as per 2011 No NAC/Municipality 1 Bhadrak 92515 107463 Municipality 2 Basudevpur NAC 30006 33690 3 Dhamnagar NAC - 22920

Migration:- There is seasonal migration of some people in particular villagers of Basudevpur Block & also other parts of the district who move to Andhrapradesh & elsewhere for brick factories .

SEX RATIO: According to 2011 Census, the male-female ratio in the district was 981 females per 1000 males. In the rural areas the ratio was 985:1000 while in the urban areas, it was 956:1000. For Odisha state taken as a whole the ratio was 979 females per 1000 males, the corresponding figure for the rural and the urban areas for the whole state being 989:1000 and 932:1000 respectively. SCRIPTS: Odia is the predominant language and is spoken as mother tongue through the district. For obvious reasons the people use odia scripts in their day to day life. In olden days some letters of the odia alphabet were written in different scripts known as Karani to facilitate writing on the palm leaf with the help of stylus. Most of the old odia records and palm leaves manuscripts made use of the Karani scripts. The people speaking other Indian language use their respective standard scripts.

RELIGION:- The Hindus are the majority in the district. They are followed by the Muslims and the Christians. The strength of the other followers are negligible in the district.

HINDUISM: In 1981, 95.55% of the people of the district professed Hinduism. Among the hindus some of the people are tribals. They follow Animism . In course of time their religion has been blended with Hinduism. The process of assimilation appears to be due to cultural contact. They worship stones in the deep forest . They usually offer uncooked food to stones which they called deities. After arrival of the civilized Aryans the situation changed. The Aryans discarded the process and began worshipping carved stones images offered cooked food to the deities. This two-fold worship co-exists not only in Bhadrak but

19 also in other districts of the state. The common people worship their shapeless stone deities with simple rites in the open air. By the side of the deities, temples are found where carved images are worshiped with elaborate rites.These stocks and stones are called Grama Devati or Thakurani. Every village pays homage to these deities and worship her as the tutelary Godess of their small community. The shapeless stones Goddesses are smear with vermilion and surrounded by smaller pieces of stones which represent her children. These are also vermilion-daubed and shapeless. In some places the trunk of some trees suppose to posses supernatural properties are smeared with vermilion and worshiped as the village Godesses. Usually the Grama Devaties are worshipped by the non-priestly caste e.g the Bhandari, Mali, Raul or Dhoba. The deities are worshipped daily but it is held with great pump and ceremony on the Mahastami day of the Durga Puja. The deities are also worshipped on special occasions like Outbreak of epidemic famine etc. The priest get remuneration from the villagers for their services. The people of the villages believe in kalasi. Kalasi is a man or women who is periodically possessed by the spirit of a deity and pronounces inspired oracles. When a person is being influenced by Thakurani or spirit of a deity, he/she begins to tremble with disheveled hair. At that time he/she tells wishes and decrees of the Thakurani to the public. When the spirit leaves the person again act as a common man or woman. In certain villages, Goddesses are regarded as “Param Baishnavi” or devoted follows of Bishnu and animal sacrifices are not allowed before them. Probable wing to the spread of Vaishnavism, such sacrifices are only made sparingly before the other Goddesses. But on the Mahastami day of Durga Puja and other special pujas offered in fulfillment of vows. Animal re generally sacrificed. Some domesticated birds and animals like fowls, goat and sheep are dedicated to the local goddess. The Hindus are polytheists. They use to go to the temples of Siva, Narayan, Devi etc., In the mornings and in the evenings. They worship their gods and goddesses with flowers and sandal paste singing Bhajans or hymns, ringing bells and holding lighted plant or Bel and Prasad. Generally in a hindu household when a child is seriously ill, the parents make religious vows to offer special puja before some deity for the recovery of the child and perform puja in the prescribed manner. In case it is not done a fresh danger of a more serious magnitude is apprehended. Women also offer special puja to deities in the hope of having male issues.

The Hindus worship the Sun-God daily while bathing and a libation of water is made in his honour. Many abstain from eating non-vegetarian diet on Sunday as it is the sacred day for sun-god. The earth is described as the holy mother of all living things and the giver of all good and is regarded as a benignant female deity. The people worship the Earth goddess during agricultural operations. Besides the sun and the Earth, the planets like Sani and Rahu are also worshipped on certain occasions The Pipal (Ficus religiosa), Banyan (Ficus bengalensis), Bel (Aegle marmelos), mango (mangifera indica), Anla (Phyllanthus emblica), Duba (Cynodum dactylon), Asoka (Janesia asoka saraca indica), Barkuli (zezephus), Bakul (Minusops elengi) and Tulasi (holy basil) are held sacred by the hindus. In almost every Hindu household there is a chaura or a sacred place where Tulasi plant is planted and worshipped. Every evening lighted wicks are offered by the housewife before the chaura.

The Commissioner, Hindu Religion Endowment, Odisha has recorded 214 Hindu religious institutions in Bhadrak district.

SALVISM:

Lord Siva is one of the trinity of the Hindu pantheon. He possessed benign qualities. For this Siva has become a very popular God among the common people. Usually Siva is represented by the phallic symbol, the Linga and the Yoni enshrined in the temple at Aradi is well known and attract large number of visitors. It is believed that persons bitten by snake are cured, if they are brought to the temple of Akhandalamani Mahadeb at Aradai. It is reckoned as one of the chief centers of Siva worship in the district.

Sivaratri is the principal festival of Lord Siva. The orthodox devotees mark three horizontal lines of sandal wood paste on their forehead as religious mark and wear “Rudrakshya mala” round their neck to identify their sect.

SAKTISM:

Sakti is worshipped in several forms of which Bhadrakali near Bhadrak. Sakti is also worshipped in the villages in the form of folk goddesses. The blessings of the deities

21 are invoked in wedding and other ceremonial occasions and at the time of sickness. To please the deity animals e.g goats and fowls are sacrificed on any Sakti shrines of the district specially on the Mahastami day of Durga Puja.

VAISHNAVISM:

Vaishnavism spread in Odisha during the Ganga period and is the prevailing religion even to day. The principal villages of the district has one or more temples dedicated to Vishnu in his popular form- Jagannath and his two companions Balabhadra and Subhadra. The existence of the temples and Mathas have exerted much influence on the popular faith. A number of Vaishnava saints and prophets have visited Odisha to propagate their cult and founded Mathas but the chief prophet of Vaishanavism the religion of the masses.

Shri Chaitanya was a great reformer and his cult represents a revulsion against the gross and debasing religion of the society irrespective of the caste and vehemently opposed the practice of animal sacrifice. A peculiarity of Chaitanya’s cult is that the post of the spiritual guide or gossain is not confined to the Brahmins only.

Though he was born at Navadvipa, he had spent the best part of his life in Puri, Odisha. Other places of this district associated with his memory are Sainthia near Bhadrak. A list of Mathas and temples dedicated to Shri Chaitanya in Bhadrak district is given below:-

1. Chaitanya-Nityananda : Daysingh, PO-Kaupur 2. Chaitanya-Jin : Totapada, PO-Ghanteswar 3. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu: Basudevpuer 4. Nitai Gaur : Bhadrak

MAHIMA DHARMA:

The founder of Mahiam Dharma or Alekha Dharma is Mahima Gossain. His disciples believe that he is an incarnation of Param Brhama. The main centre of this religion is at joranda in Dhenkanal district. Abadhuta Biswanath Das Baba was the living head of the cult. Abadhuta sanyasis of Mahima cult visit different places of the Bhadrak

22 district and preach Mahima Dharma. A large number of followers are found at Bhadrak. Alekha Tungis and Ashrams are also found in these places. A detailed account of this cult can be found in Odishqa District Gazetter, Dhenkanal (1972).

ISLAM:

Islam numerical was the third most important religion in the state in 1981. In Bhadrak district Muslims are found mostly in the Bhadrak municipal area and Dhamnagar. They have constructed mosques in a number of places to offer prayer . The distribution of mosques, spiritual shrines, grave-yards and idgahs are given below:

Sl. Name of the Police No. of No. of No. of grave No. of No Station Masjids spiritual yards Idgahs shrines 1 Bhadrak 45 85 112 3 2 Bant 7 13 3 1 3 Tihidi 6 11 3 1 4 Basudevpur 8 22 5 - 5 Dhamnagar 18 34 18 4 6 Chandbali 5 4 2 - Total 89 169 143 9 SIKHISM:

The Sikhs numbered 154 according to the Census of 1981. They are mostly found in Bhadrak. The Sikhs believe in one God and is a classless and casteless society. They follow the teachings of the ten Gurus and the saints enshrined in the holy Book of the Sikhs, The “Granth Sahib”. The followers of this religion have constructed a temple called Gurudwara Satsang. It is said that Guru Nanak during his travels in this part of the country took rest here. One of the devotees has been maintaining this spot for his memory. Towards 1972, the Sikhs of Bhadrak converted this hamlet into a pucca Gurudwara.

BUDDHISM:

Buddhist monuments are found at Kaupur under Bhadrak Block in this district. But in 1981 Census only 29 persons were found to have professed this religion.

JAINISM:

There were 135 Jains in the district as per 1981 Census. They are mainly from outside the state. Charampa is the important centre of Jainism in Bhadrak district.

CASTES:

Caste plays an important role in the socio-economic life of the people of the district. For a detailed description of each caste, caste-wise population figures are essential. But since 1951, enumeration in regard to different castes is being made in the censuses. In the absence of such statistics much of the valuable information relating to the life and economy of the people could not be incorporated in the present work. However, a brief account of different castes is given below.

 Aswini Tanti: They belong to the weaving caste and were skilled weavers in the past. In course of time due to competition with mill made cloths they could not prosper in their economic pursuit. Now a days some of them are following other avocations to improve their living standard.  Badhei: The Badheis belong to the Biswakarma community which also includes Kamaras and Pathurias. The Badheis, Kamaras and Pathurias work on wood, iron and Stone respectively. They worship Biswakarma, the maker of the Universe, Marital relationship within the three groups viz. Badhei, Kamar and Pathuria are allowed.

 Bania: The Banias are makers of gold and silver ornaments. They also prepare anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines. Two types of Banias are notices in the district. They are Putuli Bania and Sunari Bania. The strength of the latter is more than the former.  Bhandari: The Bhandaris are known as Barika or Napitas. They are barbers by profession. The services of male and female barbers are indispensible on the

occasions of marriage, birth and death. They get remuneration both in cash and kind. They are generallt divided into three classes viz. kanamuthia, Chamamuthia and Lamahata. The kanamuthia barber carries his hair-cutting and shaving implemants in a bag of cloth whereas the Chamamuthia carries them in a leather bag. And the Lamahata barber carries the lighted torches(masalas) on ceremonial occasions. Some of them have abandoned traditional pattern and maintain hair- cutting saloons in different localities.

 Brahmin: The Brahmins, though not very numerous, are a very important caste in the district due to their high social status. They are divided into several sub-castes of which Sasani,Sarua or Paniari,Panda, Pujari or Deulia,Marhia and Mastani Brahmins are important . The Sasani Brahmins act as Priests, spiritual guides and teachers. The Sarua or Paniari Brahmins grow and sell vegetables. The Panda,Pujak or Dehulia Brahmins are professional temple worshippers.They also work as cooks. The Marhias are priest of lower castes. The Mastans indulge in non-Brahmanical occupations. The titles of this category of Brahmins mark them out as a class quite distinct from the rest of the Brahmins. They are also called Balaram Gotri Brahmins. The Brahmins of the district are continuing their traditional professions till today. Due to pressure on purse some of them have adopted other professions. All Brahmins observe ten Samskaras (rites) at different stages of life. These rites are believed to purify a person. Generally during Upanayan most the rites are performed. Recitation of Vedas, worship of Brahma in Trisandhya, performance of Yangya etc., are part of their routine work. The Sasani Brahmins do not establish marital relationship with the Sarua,Panda,Pujari,Marhia and Mastani Brahmins.  Dagra: It is a small caste peculiar to Bhadrak who are found chiefly in the areas under Bhadrak and Dhamnagar Police Station. The term Dagra means ‘a messenger’. It is believed that the Dagras were postal runners either during Muslim rule or under the Marathas. Since that period they acquired

considerable jagris known as Ara Dagrai. Most of them are cultivators,but in Bhadrak some are hereditary holders of proprietary tenures. It is said that they were brought from Nagpur by the Marathas.Others allege that they are connected with the Dagras of upper India.They bear the same titles as Chasas and it may therefore be surmised that they are a functional off-shoot from that caste.  Gauda: The Gaudas are found more or less in all the Tahasils of the district.Reagrding their Sub-castes,ornaments and occupations,O’Malley states”there are several sub-castes of which the Mathura-puria ranks highest in Bhadrak,because its members do not carry the palki. The Gopapuria sub-caste is noticeable for the fact that its female members are almost the only women in Odisha who do not wear nose ornaments,a circumstance which they pretend,connects them with Krishna’s mythical milkmaids. The young woman of both the sub-castes prepare butter and ghi which are elder ones take round for sale with their milk. The sub-Caste known as Magadha ranks last and its probably a recent accretion from some aboriginal tribes”. Now a days spread of education has changed the fashion and occupation of the people. Differences between sub-castes have also been shrunken. The Gaudas worship Lord Krishna.They pay reverence to the cow.Dola Purnima on full moon day in the month of Phalguna (February-March) is their main festival.

 Guria:- Gurias prepare sweet meats. It is their traditional occupation. But most of them have given up their caste profession and have adopted other avocations.Generally food cooked by them are accepted by all. Lord Ganesh is their tutelary deity. The main feastival of the caste is Ganesh chaturtrhi.

 Kachara: The traditional occupation of the Kachara caste is to sell glass bangles. They also deal with brass and bell metal utensils prepared by the

Kansari/Thatari castes. They are generally found in Bhadrak ,Chandbali,Paramanandapur,Bidyadharpur,Tihidi, Pirhat, Dhamnagar etc. The caste enjoys the ministration of Brahmins on socio-religious functions.They worship the brass scale on Dasahara day. A matha named “Kalinga Kachara Matha” at Balagandi in Puri town has been established by the people of this community since 1901.

 Karan:-

The Karans are the writer caste of the district, but they are many among them who are zamindars, tenure holders or landlords. They are divided into four sections viz. the Krishnatreya,sankhyana,Bhardwaj and Naga. Marriage in the caste is regulated according to the customs in vouge among the higher castes.

 Kansari: The Kansaris derived their name from kansa(bell metal). They are found in BHadrak,Dhmanagar,Tihidi,Chandbali,Basudevpur Police stations of the district. Brass and bell meta industry is the main stay of the people.Brahmin priest officiate in their socio-religious functions.They worship brass scale and its weights on the Dasahara day.

 Khandayat: The Khandayatas are by far the largest caste in the district. Their name is derived from the odia word khanda,a sword. The other view is that Odisha wasformerly divided into khandas or groups of villages corresponding to the pragana of muslim period. Each khanda was governed by a headman called Khandapati,which was subsequently corrupted to Khandayat. It is admitted that Khandayats belong to the warrior class and are the descendants of the people who formed the landed militia under the ancient Rajas of Odisha. As members of the militia, the Khanadayats had to serve as soldiers in times of war and in return they were given lands under strictly military tenure. Their characteristic occupations have changed due to change of time. They have now adopted other avocations.

Dasahara has a special significance to the warrior caste. They worship their old weapons of war and exhibit physical feats on this occasion. The heroic forbears used to start on start on fresh military expeditions during this season of the year.

 Khitibansa or Matibansa: The people of this community are found mainly in the villages under Bonth, Bhadrak ,Dhamnagar, Tihidi,Chandbali Police stations of the district. The community is divided into three sections mostly on the basis of the occupations they follow.The Khitibansa or Matibansa Abadhans used to teach children in Chatasalis or village schools. A section of the community take mangala, the goddess of smallpox, from door to door and there by earn their livelihood. Another section took to weaving. There was no marital relationship between the different sections ,but these restrictions are not followed strictly in the present society. They worship Adisakti.Their caste symbol is khadi, a piece of soapstone.

 Kshatriya: In caste hierarchy the kshatriyas stand second to the Brahmins.Their strength is few in the district. They belong to warrior caste and observe upanayan. They use Bhanja as surname to their family title.

 Kumbhar: The kumbhars are potters. The term Kumbhars derived from the Sanskrit word kumbhakara-kumbha(water jar) and Kara(maker).They prepare and sell various types of earthenware, such as pot, toy, plate, Dhupadani, Dipa, Chilam etc.They earn by selling these products in the local market. Their service in this respect is indispensable. They observe kurala panchami and odhana sasthi on the 5th and 6th day respectively of the bright fortnight of the month of Pausa (December-January).On this ceremonial occasion they also worship their implements.

 Mali:

The mali means gardener. Selling of flower and garlands is their principal occupation. Due to meager income from their customary calling, most of them have adopted other professions to earn their livelihood.

 Natha Yogi: The Natha Yogis live on begging from door to door with a gourd vessel. Conventionally they sing songs relating to the religious preacher Govinda Chandra, Data Karna and others by playing on a string instrument called kendara. Their usualsurname is Natha.

 Nolia: The Nolias are fisherman. They mainly reside near the sea coast. There are two sub-castes,viz., Jaliya and Khalasi.The former are fisherman and the latter working sea going vessels. The Nolias are the followers of Ramanuja. They worship Baruna, the Hindu Neptune. Flowers and sweets are offered to Baruna before launching a boat. They are expert swimmers.

 Patara: The Pataras are dealers in slik and cotton yarn. They string necklaces and sale pata, kastha, pataphuli, Dhadia and Kardhuni.They are divided into four sub- castes,viz. phulia,Tasaria,Dandia and Jagati.They are Vaishnavas and specially venerate Lord Balabhadra.They worship the deity on the full-moon day in the month of Shraban(july-August) called “Gamha Purnima”.On this occasion they also worship their implements.

 Teli: The Telis deal in oil and are known as oil-men. They are also known as Kuberaputras or sons of Kubera,the God of wealth.Among them three sub-castes are noticed. They are Haladia,Khari and Baladia or Thoria The first two press oil

by indigenous method and trade in it. The Baladia or Thoria Telis trade in turmeric which is carried from place to place with the aid of bullocks. But now a days most of them have adopted other professions.

 Scheduled Castes: In 2011,the population of Scheduled Caste was 334896 (168687 males and 166209 females).The constituted about 22.2 percent of the total population of the district. The most numerous were Bauri, Chamar, Dhoba, Dom, Ghusuria, Gokha, Hadi, Pan, Kandara,Kela,Kodalo,Kurunga,Mahuria,Mehtar,Namasudra,Pantanti,Patratanti and Ujia. Out of the total Scheduled Castes, 94.4percent live in rural areas and the rest in urban areas.

 Bauri: They reside mostly in the rural areas. They are divided into four sub-castes viz. Mahabhoi, Tanhara, Ghumura and Buna. The Bauris are mainly agricultural labourers. Now a days some of them have adopted other avocations. They do not employ Brahmin priest to perform rituals connected with birth, death and marriage. They have their own caste priest called Baishnab or Gossain. They have also their own barber known as Behera. The posts of Gossain and Behera are hereditary. They do not depend on Dhobas for washing their polluted dress materials. As regards education of Bauris,it was found in 1971 Census that 9.21 percent of their total population were literate.

 Chamar: The Chamaras deal with palm leaf and household articles made of bamboo.They also prepare tadi from date-palm juice. The Mochis are skilled in tanning, curring of hides and skins. They prepare mend shoes and slippers.

 Dhoba: Their traditional occupation is washing of clothes and wood-cutting. On social occasions like birth and death ,their services are indispensable.

 Dom: The weave Kula,Baunsia,Tokei,Dala,Jhudi etc from bamboo splits. They also act as drummers on ceremonial functions.

 Ghusuria: They are found mainly in rural areas. Their traditional occupation is to rear pigs. They are not served by the Brahmin priest. They have their own priest called Baishnab.

 Gokha: Their customary calling is fishing. They use shalua made of bamboo sticks and do not generally fish with nets.

 Hadi: They have their own community priests who perform social and religious functions. They clean latrines, drains and collect skins from the dead cows and buffaloes.

 Kandara: The name kandara is said to be derived from their skill in archery (kanda means arrow) and in former times they and the Pans formed the rank and life of the local militia . Cultivation and agricultural labour provide livelihood to a bulk of the kandara population.Most of the people in their society also worked as Chaukidars.

 Kela: The Kelas are mostly snake charmers. Some have taken to agriculture.After harvesting is over they go to different parts of the state with their snakes kept in pedi and a living by snake charming and begging. They also invariably carry with them a trained mouse called “Govindi Musa” in a small box to entertain the people.  Mahuria: Their name is derived from the wind instrument called mahuri which they play on ceremonial occasions.

 Pan: It is the most numerous Scheduled Caste but they are backward socially, educationally and economically. After independence some changes are notice among them. More and more children of this community are getting education. Their customary calling is said to be weaving, but they mostly work as day- labourers, drummers and cane-weavers. Many of them have also taken to agriculture. The village Chaukidars and Postal Runners were generally recruited from their ranks. They have their own caste priest called purohit who officiates in social functions.  Pantanti: They live in rural areas and earn their livelihood by weaving clothes. Some of them have changed their customary calling and have adopted other avocations.  Patratanti: Though they earn their livelihood by weaving clothes, some of them depend on other professions to supplement their income.

SCHEDULED TRIBES:

The population of Scheduled Tribes is very meager with 15361 male and 15067 females and this comes to total 30428which is only 2% of the total population of the district.They generally found in Bonth,Bhadrak and

Bhandaripokhari Block. Most of them reside in urban areas i.e 24347 and only 6081 lives in rural areas.

SOCIAL LIFE

(i) Customs and Practices: Due to mass consciousness through education, information and global contact considerable changes have taken place in observing many of the orthodox customs and practices. However, the traditional Hindu and Muslim customs relating to birth, marriage and death are given below.

Birth: The Hindu pregnant woman observed various taboos for safe delivery and protection from attack of evil spirits. She has to observe also a number of restrictions during pregnancy. During this period she is kept cheerful and is generally given types of foods she wants.

When labour pain starts, she is usually taken to a lying-in room called anturdisala. Torn shoes broomstick or branches of siju trees are suspended in front of the lying-in room to ward off evil spirits. A mid wife is called to attend her. After delivery the umbilical cord of the child is cut with the help of a sea-shell, blade or knife and the placenta is disposed of in a ditch made outside the house.On the night of the sixth day after birth, the sasthi puja is held. A ceremony called uthiary is observed on the seventh day. On this day the new born baby and the mother take first purificatory birth. She takes second purificatory bath on the 12th day and is allowed to change her room. The Child is named on the 21st day.It is known as ekoisa. On this occasion Satyanarayan Puja is held amidst much rejoicing and feast among relatives and neighbors. The next important rituals among the Hindus are Mundan (shaving the head), ear-boring and Bidyaramha (initiation of learing).Besides the above ceremonies, the Brahmin and the Kshatriya children in their early adolescence observe Upanayan (the sacred thread ceremony).

Among the muslims, just after the birth of a child, the eldest male member of the family present at home generally recites the Azan (sacred verses of God) near the ears of the new born child. The mother observes pollution for a period of forty days .During this period she abstains from regular prayer. On the sixth or seventh day, the child’s head is shaved. Next ritual is aqiqa. It is generally held after forty days. In this ceremony one he-goat is sacrificed in case of a female child and two he-goats in case of a male child. The meat is distributed among the relatives and the poor for the wellbeing of the child. Bismillaha ceremony of the child is observed between the age of four and five. The priest recites verses from the Koran and the child repeats it. This marks the beginning of the educational career of the child. They circumcise (Khatan) their male children at the age of 7 or 8.

Marriage: Among the Hindus Brahma, Daiva, Arjya, Prajapataya, Asura, Ghandharva, Rakshas and Paishacha types of marriages are known to have been prevalent since ancient times. Of those, only Prajapataya type of marriage is now in vogue. Generally marriage is settled after the examination of the horoscope of the both bridegroom and the bride by the astrologer. He predicts whether the stars of the couple are in harmony or not. If the horoscopes of the couple are found compatible then the marriage is arranged. On an auspicious day according to the Odia almanac.

It is generally held at the bride’s house. On the day of marriage the mother and other women of the family bless the groom.The Brahmin priest chants hymns blessing and sprinkles sundried rice and flowers on him. The marriage party starts in a procession with great éclat. The drummers and trumpeters lead the procession followed by the bride groom seated in a palanquin.The well-to-do families arrange carts and cars for the party members ,if the distance is long.

Marriage takes place on an auspicious lagna(time) in the bride’s residence. Arrangements of light, music and fire works depend according to the availability of funds.Generally people try to make the procession as lively as possible.On reaching the bride’s house the women folk from the bride’s side welcome the groom amidst blowing of conches and hulhuli and bandapana.

CHAPTER-IV

Agriculture And Irrigation

Introduction

Bhadrak district is under one Agriculture divisional Zone i.e North eastern costal plain the district divided into 3 agriculture zone namely 1) canal irrigation, 2) Low lying and hood prone, 3) Saline soil is group. Comparing parts of Bant, Khaira, Oupada, Nilagiri, Basta and Jaleswar.

Accordingly to the figures of 1981 Census, out of the total working population of in the district persons, i.e per cent were engaged in agriculture as cultivators and agriculture laborers. The total net sown areas of the district 1765000 hectares of which only hectares were irrigated in Kharif and Rabi seasons respectively and the rest was dependant on rainfalls only. Having and average annual rainfall of 1427 mm lack of irrigation facilities does not pose a problem for agricultural work unless there is exceptional adverse water condition. Although it is the rice pot of the state, still then visitation of natural calamities like, flood, drought and cyclone to this district is frequent. Paddy is the main crop. Muga, Biri, Harhar, Maizea , groundnut sugarcane and other crops are also cultivated in kharif Rabi paddy, mustard, sunflower, gram , muga etc,

History of agricultural development in the district.

Prior to independence, agriculture of the district was almost fully dependant on rain which was erratic. Moreover, this coastal district is subjected to floods at frequent intervals. In 1905, the Ministry of Scientific Agriculture was created and specific recommendations ware formulated to study and adverse weather condition were formulated to study any adverse weather condition.

An Agriculture Scientist was appointed to study the problems of cyclone, flood and drought prone areas in the county. 1929 the Indian Agriculture Research Institute was established at Pussa and a number of research projects were formulated for the entire country. Subsequently during 1938-42 Grow More Food campaign was launched to motivate the farmers for use of chemical fertilizers Japanse method of paddy cultivation was introduced with all improved technology but the production level did not increase to the desired extent. Form 1966 onwards various research co-ordinate projects were undertaken through the Indian Council of Agriculture Research(ICAR) and a series of institutes of agricultural research together with their sub-stations were established throughout he county, covering major crops, problems of soil, salinity, drought prone are programme for arid zone, watershed management alongwith development of agriculture engineering, fishery and animal husbandry. Many constraints have come in the way of implementing the agricultural programmes, the most important being natural calamities.

At present the district is with one Deputy Director, Agriculture Range, 2 District Agriculture Office, 12 Asst. Agriculture Office circle and 119 VAW circle to implement and supervise agricultural wing.

Krushi Vigan Kendara has been established at Ranital since 2004 for taking farm testing demonstration production of quality seeds and awareness programme.

Physiographic and Agro climatic conditions:

Bhadrak as revenue district started functioning since 1st April 1993, but prior to that it was an agricultural district from March,1968, comprising of seven blocks. This district is situated within the geographical co-ordinates of 200.43’ to 210.13’. North latitude and 860.16’ to 870.0’. East longitude. It is bound on north by Balasore district, south by Jajpur and Kendrapada districts, west by Keonjhar district and east by Bay of Bengal. The geographical area of the districts is 2,70,164 ha which is susceptible to flood, cyclone or both. The incidence of drought is also being experienced occasionally due to erratic behavior of rainfall and weather situation.

Basic Information : 1.Geogeraphical Area : 2,70,164 Ha. 2.Cultivable area : 1,76,000 Ha. 3.Paddy Area. i) High land : 7307 ha. ii) Medium land : 58270 ha iii) Low land : 99723 ha Total Paddy Area. 1,65,300ha. Non-Paddy Area. 10700 ha.

4.No.of DAO Circle : 2Nos. 5.No.of AAO Circles : 12Nos. 6.No. of blocks : 7 Nos. 7.No.of VAW Circle : 119 No. 8.No.of G.Ps and NAC : 193 nos.+2 9.No.of villages : 1356 Nos.

Operational Holding : There are 1,46,599 operational holdings with 1,40,857 ha of areas under their possession small and marginal operational holders constitute 81.4% of the total holding with 49.1% area under their possession. Similar the large holder constitute 0.2% with 2% of area under possession. Agro- climatic condition : Bhadrak district is covered under one Agro-climatic zone i.e. North Eastern coastal Plain. Based on variation in topography, soil types, availability of irrigation and cropping pattern, this district is divided into 3 agro-ecological situations covering several farming situations with a view to generate location specific technologies to cater to the needs of the farmers.

Agro-ecological situations : 1. Alluvia canal irrigated 2. Low lying and Flood prone 3. Saline soil group

Rainfall : Annual normal rainfall of Bhadrak district for the last 90 years is 1427.9 mm. More than 75% of the precipitation is concentrated over 5 months from June to October. Temperature and Humidity : Records of meteorological observatory, RRTTS Ranital reveals that temperature increases rapidly from February. May is the hottest month with the mean maximum temperature of 37.70 C and mean minimum temperature of 25.50 C. The minimum temperature is recorded in the month of January with maximum of 28.60 C and minimum 13.50 C.

The Relativ Humidty (RH) is generally high from July to December months. RH recorded at 8.30 AM and 5.30 PM reveals that the morning RH ranges from 43 to 68% and 88 to 92% respectively.

Nature and types of Soil Fertility : The Soil of the district falls under red lateritice, deltaic alluvial and Saline and seems to be heterogenous in colour, texture and exhibits others physiochemical characters. Soils are mostly loamy and heavy clay type. pH ranges from 5.2 to 8.0. Based on soil test results it is observed that most of the soil of Bhadrak district is acidic. The Solis of district can be divided in to following classes. Alluvial Soil : It is formed out of silt deposited by flood water. The soil is mostlymarked on the river sides of Salandi, Kansabansa,Baitarani,Reba & Kapali. Clay and organic matter are the main contents of this types of soil as it is extremely fertile crops like paddy,sugarcane,jute, pulses,oilseed, vegetables & spices are grown on this soil.

Sandy and Sandyloam : The Sandy and Sandy loam soil is found in a sporadic manner towards the north adjacent to Balasore district. This soil is suitable for cultivation of mustard,mung,biri,groundnut & vegetables. Saline Soil : It occurs mostly in the low lying areas near the sea and confind to major parts of Basudevpur,Chandbali ,Tihidi & some parts of Dhamnagar. The pH ranges from 5.2 to 8.0. This soils contains high percentage of salt and is therefore unsuitable for cultivation only when salinity is washed out by sweet water and flood both HYV & some local varieties of paddy are grown.According to localterm these soils may be divided into 4 classes in the light of their composition. They are 1- Matala or Clay soil, 2- Dorasa or loamy soils, 3- Balia or Sandy soils, 4- Patu or alluvial soils. Land Utilization Pattern In The District :

a) Water logged area 7125 ha. b) Saline affected area 20200ha c) Flood prone area 33128 ha d) Alluvial soil 145624ha e) Sandy soil 19146 ha f) Lateritic soil 1000ha. g) Acidic soil 71368ha h) Forest area 133 ha. i) Miscellaneous 3092 ha. j) Permanent pasture 11020ha. k) Cultivable waste 11363 ha. l) Land put to non Agril 26560 ha. m) Barren & uncultivated waste 899 ha. n) Current fallow 6974 ha. o) Fallow 4834 ha. Crops Grown on District : There are two cropping season, one is Kharif and other is Rabi. Various crops are growns in this season Kharif Crops:- Paddy, Maize, Jute,Vegetables,Pulses(Mung/Biri/Cowpea) Spices (Chilli, Turmeric, Ginger) Rabi Crops :- Paddy, Maize, Wheat,Mustard,Sunflower,Sesamum, Groundnut, Mung,Biri, Kulthi,Fieldpea,Bengal gram,Cowpea,Lentil,vegetables, Potato, Chilli,Coriander,Sugarcane.

Major Irrigation Projects : Baitarani System High Level Can Range III The High Level Canel Range III was a part of the ambitious canal project intended to connect Cuttack with Calcutta by means of a 368 km. long navigable canal. The High Level Canal Range III, which is 30-57 km. long was completed in the year 1891. This irrigation canal derives its supply of water from river Baitarini at Akhuapada. There are seven distributaries with a total length of 109-03 km. taking off from this main canal to irrigate an area 19653 hectares of land in Bhadrak district.

Salandi Irrigation Project Left and Dasmauja System : The Salandi irrigation project is located in Keonjhar district and it irrigates both in Bhadrak & partly Balasore district. The dam across river Salandi intercepting a catchment of 673 sq. km. has been constructed near village Hadgarh in Keonjhar district to impound water and release the same for irrigation purpose. The Salandi left main canal whick is 7 km. long, has branches for 36-50 km. and there are 7 distributaries, 26 minors and 79 sub-minors. On the downstream of river Salandi. Below Bhadrak town there is a cross regulator at village Aharapada where the two canals namely Gopalia and Dasamauja have taken off to irrigate an area of 7,112 hectares in Bhadrak District.

The project was started in the year 1961-62 and has been completed during the year 1981-82. The project was executed with World Bank assistance. This project is providing irrigation to an area of Bhadrak, Bonth, Basudevpur & Tihidi blocks of Bhadrak district.

Lift Irrigation : Aquifers occurring in multiple layers alternating with clay beds provides vast scope for installation of all types of irrigation wells. But the behavior of coastal saline tracts is a little different. Due to the intrusion of saline water top in this region, aquifers are contaminated with salinity over a large area hence, it is not suitable for installation of irrigation wells. Basins of river Salandi provide good scope for integrated development of surface water and ground water. Serve as the main drainage system for the district and provide large scope for installation of river-lift projects. Up to 2015 529 Nos. of lift irrigation projects have been installed which irrigate 7326 ha. of area in Bhadrak district.

Minor Irrigation Projects : The Minor irrigation project are functioning in the district and these projects have an ayacut area of 2085 ha.

Shallow Tubwell : The Farmers have installed private lift irrigation projects availing the govt. subsidy. These subsidised schemes have been started from the year 1996 as a component of agriculture policy. At present there are 5515 nos. of shallow tubewells which irrigate about 13787 ha. Besides in the year 2014-15 cluster shallow tubewells schemes have been launched where 5 nos. of STWS have been installed 80 nos. of such cluster STWS have been installed which are to be energized. These cluster STWS will have an ayacut area of 4800 ha.

Creek Irrigation : It is restricted to Basudevpur, Dhamnagar,Tihidi & Chandbali block of the district. The Creek water is available to irrigate 13064 ha.

Other Sources : Bhadrak district is endowed with various perennial natural sources of irrigation. There are Tanks, Nallas & Perennial streams which provide irrigation to the extent of 5435 ha.. Farmers use electric motor, diesel pumpset to lift water. Sedua, Tenda & Janta are the traditional methods of water lifting devices.

Soil erosion and Soil Conservation After separation form Balasore district a new Soil Conservation Sub-Division at the district headquarters is functioning from 1st October 1994 to undertake Soil Conservation measures. The district comes under the North-Eastern coastal plain Agro Climatic zone (Code- No.077). The problem of the soil erosion is acute in the district due to flat slopping and undulating topography complete with heavy rain fall and salinity accumulation. The district which is broadly an alluvial plain suffers for sheet erosion stream bank erosion due to meandering natures of stream and rivers course. This has result valuable agriculture lands into dear dater and made these land unsuitable for agriculture. In the coastal belt, wind erosion and shifting of sand-dunes are some of the sub- tropical problem of erosion. In these areas soil salinity is wide spread due to frequent inundation of sea water of agricultural land during high tide and cyclonic storms in this region also sheet erosion and stream bank erosion and sand casting are also noticed during high flood. The east which sub-division stated with two programmer namely NWDPRD (National Watershed Development Programme for Rain Fed Area) & watershed Programme in each plan period since 8th to 11th plan period in Chandabali and Basudevpur Block those have irrigation potential(i.e less than 35% irrigation potential). Thus watershed a unit of planning and development has been adopted for the purpose. Under this programme no of farm ponds, creeks and periphery bunds have been constructed for soil Conservation as well as ground water recharging with some livelihood support to the watershed dwellers. In recent years. Some incentives through inputs, Govt. Assistance for purchase of water lifting devices and digging of farm ponds etc. Were given to the farmers of Pisci culture under the scheme namely namely RADP & Sub- Scheme of RKVY. Under MGNREGA, some tanks have been dig at KVK Ranital and Motto fro fish seed nursery and live saving irrigation purpose. Emphasis is being give on construction of water harvesting structure (Farm Pond) Check Dam and Diversion weir under BGREI scheme since 2014-15. All priority has been given for road side Avenue Plantation under MGNREGA Scheme since 2013-14.

Crops growth in the district and other Agricultural Produce : Marketable surplus of paddy and other crops. The NAFED procures sunflower seeds from the farmers of the district.

Cropping Pattern and Crop Rotation : The following cropping pattern and cropping sequence are adopted by the farmers of the district. 1.Paddy-Mustard-Pulses 2.Paddy-Sunflower-Pulses 3.Paddy-Groundnut-Vegetable 4.Paddy-Vegetable-Vegetable 5.Paddy-Pulses-Oilseed 6.Paddy-Paddy- 7.Jute-Paddy-Vegetable 8.Jute-Vegetable-Vegetable 9.Vegetable-Paddy-Vegetable Crop Roation : 1.Three years mustard rotated with sunflower 2.Three years sunflower roated with maize 3.Two years Solanaceous Vegetables roated with other vegetables 4.Groundnut roated with sunflower

Agricultural Implements Manures and Fertilizers; Agricultural Technology and Productive: The farmers have adopted farm mechanization The following agricultural implements and farm machineries are being used by the farmers. . Tractor with Rotavator  Power Tiller  Paddy Transplanter  Weeder, Marker  Paddy Reaper  Combined Harvestor  Paddy Thresher  Paddy Winnower  Electric Motor  Diesel Pumset  Sprinkler  Sprayer

Manure : The Farmers apply farm yard manure, Organic Compost, Urban Compost, Poultry waste, Vermi Compost, Green Manuring Crops like Dhanicha, Sunhemp,Cowpea,

Fertilizer : The Farmers of Bhadrak district use chemical fertilizer in all of the crops. The fertilizer like Urea, MOP,DAP,10:26:26, Gromor 28:28:0:,14:35:14, 20:20:0:13, 15:15:15, Ammonium Sulphate, Nutrient consumption(N+P+K) in the district is 131kg. / ha.

Agricultural Technology Various modern agricultural technology are being adopted by the farmers . They are 1- Integrated Nutrient Management 2- Efficient Water Management 3- Integrated Pest Management 4- Integrated Disease Management 5- Organic Farming Technology 6- Rainfed Farming 7- e-pest surveillance 8-Rice Crop Manager (RCM) 9-Use of Micro Irrigation System like Sprinkler and Drip 10-Fertigation in Poly House Crops Productivity : The productivity of major crops of the district are given below:-

Name of the Crop Productivity (Qtl/Ha) Paddy 21.15 Maize 6.5 Jute 23.5 Vegetables 95 Spices 9.1

Crop Diseases Control Mechanism and Crop protection : The Pest & diseases of Major crops of the district is given below : Name of Crop Pest Diseases Paddy Stem borer,leafolder,Caseworm Bacterial leaf blight,Blast, Gallmidge,Hispa,Swarming Caterpillar Sheath blight,Helmintho Green Leaf hopper,Leaf Mite,Gundhibug sporium, leaf spot, plant hopper, White backed plan hopper, Sheath rot Foot rot,False Cut worm, Rodents smut Jute Semilooper, Jute Apion, Bihar hairy Stem rot, Root rot Caterpillar, Red Mite, Yellow Mite

Mustard Mustard sawfly, Leaf webber White rust, Leaf spot Aphids, Black headed Caterpillar Downy Mildew Spodoptera Sunflower Cutworm,Spodoptera,Headborer Leaf blight,wilt Jassids, White flies,Thrips Head rot Groundnut Leaf minor, Thrips,Aphids,Termites Tikka disease,Stem rot White grub,Bihar hairy Caterpillar Root rot,Collar rot, Tobacoo Caterpillar Bud necrosis,Rust disease Sesamum Leaf folder & Capsule borer Phyllodry,Leaf spot Gallfly Mung/Biri Stem fly, Flea beetle, Thrips Leaf blight, Leaf spots Jassids,Leaf eating Caterpillar, Yellow vein mosaic Black header caterpillar Powdery mildew Necrosis Vegetable Shoot & fruit borers,Stem borers Wilting,Leaf spots Thrips,White flies.Jassids,Mites Fruit rot,Leaf blight Fruit Borers, Leaf miners, Root rot, Stem rot Leaf eating Caterpillar,Fruit flies, Beetles

Control Mechanism & Control Measure : The pest & disease of crops are Managed by adopting Integrated Pest Management method. The compnently are – 1. Use of resistant / tolerant varieties. 2. Seed/seedling treatment. 3. Cultural method of pest control. 4. Physical method of pest control. 5. Biological method of pest control. 6. Chemical method of pest control.

Krishi Vikash Kendra, soil testing, and State Farms.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhadrak an extension centre under OUAT was established at Ranital in the year 2004. KVK has been established with an objective of transfer of location specific technology suitable for the district through assessment, refinement and demonstration of technology/ products and imparting training to the farmers, line department extension personnel on recent technology advances.

Mandates of KVK  On farm testing to identify the location specific technologies for various farming system.  Frontline demonstrations to establish production potentials on the farmer’s field.  Training of farmers and farmwomen to update their knowledge and skills in modern agricultural technologies and training of extension personnel to orient them in the frontier areas of technology development.  Work as resource and knowledge center of agriculture technology for supporting initiatives of public, private and voluntary sector for improving the agricultural economy of the district.  Create awareness about frontier technologies through large number of extension activities like farmer fair, field day strategic campaign, Ex- trainees meet, etc.  Production of quality seed and planting materials in instructional farm and distribution to farmers. Instructional farm of KVK Major activities including production of quality seed and planting materials of rice, mustard, sesame, vegetable and fruits bindles conduct of on farm testing demonstration of assessed technology and as a site suitable exposure visit of farmers. Land utilization pattern of instructional farm has been given below.

Season Activity Crop Area(ha)/Unit Kharif Foundation seed production Rice 8 Rabi Foundation seed production Mustard and Sesame 1 Round Pond based farming system Pisciculture, Papaya, 1.8 the year drumstick, Banana, seasonal, vegetables, agro shed net house, polyhouse forestry nursery vermicomposting and other component Portable Carp hatchery Carp spawn 1 Fish seed Nile Tilapia Juveniles, 2 ponds advanced fingerlings, stunted fingerlings and yearling Vermicompost Production of quality 4unit vermicompost Forestry saplings Acacia Mangium, hyb acacia 1 teak, sandal wood mahogany agasti. Vegetable & fruit seedings Brinjal, Chilli, Tomato, 1 cabbage, cauliflower .

Facilities available at KVK

1. Soil Testing Laboratory. Soil Testing Laboratory is engaged in analysis of soil and water samples of farmers collected through on farm testing, frontline demonstration, soil test campaign programs and submitted by farmers, Routine analysis soil parameters like PH, EC, organic Carbon, available N, P and K ans issue of soil health cards are the major activities of soil test laboratory. Annually about 800 soil and water samples are analysed.

2. Mushroom Spawn production Laboratory. KVK in engaged in imparting training to the farmers on mushroom cultivation and production of spawn of paddy straw as well as oyster mushroom in respective seasons for supporting mushroom grower with good quality spawn. About 2400 spawn bottles are produced annually.

INFORMATION ON LIVESTOCK CENSUS (2012) Information (in 000) Indigenous Crossbred Total Total 555715 22012 577727 Male 230215 4265 234480 Cattle Female 325500 17747 343247 Breedable 155076 16849 171925 Total 6063 -- 6063 Male 842 -- 842 Buffalo Female 5221 -- 5221 Breedable -- 9195 Total 1696 -- 1696 Sheep Male -- Female -- Total 236474 -- 236474 Goat Male -- Female -- Pig Total 1272 -- 1272 Layers 150079 -- 150079 Poultry Others 200648 -- 200648 Total poultry -- 350727 -- 350727

ONGOING ROUTINE/ NORMAL ACTIVITIES Sl . For the year’2014-15 For the Year’2015-16 N Activity o. Annual Achievement % of Achievement Prop. % of Target Achievem Annual up to June- Target Achievement ent Target 2015 1 Treatment 455000 290706 63.89 455000 113750 45051 39.6 2 Castration 38000 17908 47.12 38000 9500 4644 48.88 Deworming of -- 3 Animals (no. of 253453 88212 34.80 309792 -- 282312 cases) 4 ASCAD Health NIL 16 16 100 NIL NIL Camp (in Nos.) 5 Skill up -- gradation training 07 07 100 -- -- programme(in Nos.) 6 Inf. Health NIL 14 14 100 557 NIL 12 camp(in Nos.) 7 FSAI 72068 52364 80.47 72448 NIL 11724 80.91 18610 4088 a FSAI calves 0 Male-9856 ------Male-2201, -- born Female-8754 Female-1887 8 VACCINATION ------a HSV 410300 223700 54.52 410300 102575 49050 47.8 b BQV 269500 178800 66.34 269500 67375 36100 53.58 c FMDV 227700 125150 54.96 227700 56925 2050 3.6 d ASV 10000 8100 81.00 10000 2500 NIL -- e PPRV 181500 5700 3.14 181500 45375 11500 25.34

f Ent.V 15000 10400 69.33 15000 3750 200 5.33 g GPV 5500 1000 18.18 5500 1375 NIL NIL

h R2B 71500 67200 93.98 71500 17875 11300 63.21

FODDER DEVELOPMENT:- Sl Activities Year Remark No 2014-15 2015-16 Target Achieve % of Target Achieve % of ment Achv. ment Ach v. 1 Minikit Programme 106.25 ac 106.25 100% 22.5 7 30 ( State plan) ac 2 Minikit 65 ac 65 ac 100% 0 0 0 Programme(RKVY ) 3 Crop Residue 364 Unit 364 Unit 100% 182 0 0 Enrichment 4 Farmers training ( 4 4 100% 0 0 0 State plan) 5 Farmers training( 72 72 100% 0 0 0 RKVY)

SMALL ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT (GOAT) NMPS:- Physical target and financial out lay for implementation of Goat Scheme under National Mission for Protein Supplementation up to June -2015. NMPS STATUS REPORT OF BHADRAK DISTRICT FOR THE YEAR 2011-12, 2012-13 Release of Amou instalment Amount Amount nt received utilised balanc Yea Sl. No. Target 1st 2nd 3rd in Rs. in Rs. e in Remarks r phas phas (in (in Rs. e phase e Lakh) Lakh) (in Lakh) 50+3-8unit 201 100+5- 1 1- 6 5 5 3.78 3.072 0.708 1unit 12 Cluster- -- 201 50+3-8unit 2 2- 5 5 5 2.6 2.6 0 100+5-Nil 13 Beneficiaries have been selected 201 50+3-5unit allottment 3 3- 100+5-Nil 5 2 0 2.65 1.484 1.166 received 14 Cluster- -- recently & it is under process.

ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMME. PROMOTION OF DAIRY ENTREPRENEURSHIP /INTEREST SUBVENTION (LONG TERM & SHORT TERM CREDIT SUPPORT)

Subsidy Cases Applicati Subsidy claim sent No. of cleared Application on Case claim sent to Nodal Animal by Na Sponsored sanctione Disbursed to regional Bank by inducted SLBC/ me d Office Regional OSCB

Sl. of For Officer No. the A the Target Am Am Sch No. Amo No No. No. Amo No. Amo No. No mo year oun ount Amo eme of unt . of of of unt of unt of . of unt t in in unt in Cas in Ca Case Cas in Case in Cas Ca in Lak Lak Lakh es Lakh ses s es Lakh s Lakh es ses La h h kh PD 2013 19 100 41 195. 122. 100. 100.6 1066 425 387 489 380 380 0 0 E -14 5 5 9 9 25 64 4 2014 20 19 78.3 1 397 465 213 187 70 17.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 -15 6 5 8 2015 12 08 16 ------16 6 Lon 2013 10 341 276 67 1.2 ------g -14 0 Ter 2014 14 2. 198 -- 90 -- 74 ------m -15 2 2015 ------16 Sho 2013 43 184. 13. 551 96 79 9.94 ------3. rt -14 7 36 74 Ter 2014 40 397 465 19 213 187 78.3 ------

m -15 0 5 8 2015 ------16

MOBILE VETERINARY UNIT(MVU)

Total Total nos. No. of No. of Total Total User No. Total No. Doses Of MVU Village No. Of Charges Of Of Cases Vaccin awareness Sl days s Castratio Collected (In MV Treated ation camp no. covered covered n Done Rs.) U Done Organized

Unit D P D D D D P DM PT PT PT DM PT PT M T M M M M T 1 7 1 5 2 2 1 2076 14 8 0 40 72 154 12 72 0 0 1 2 8 5 64 24 47 9 00 0 140 280 42236

VETERINARY HEALTH FACILITIES

Information On District Diagnostic Laboratory, Bhadrak (Constructed under R,K,V.Y.) Aims and objective:- 1. To work as the Nodal Veterinary Institute of district so far as diagnosis of Livestock and diseases is concerned. 2. To provide services in the shape of close surveillance to the contagious & emergent livestock diseases throughout the district.

3. To act as a sister institute of Animal Disease Research Institute, Phulnakhara which is the pivotal institute of the State ARD, Department so far as surveillance, diagnosis, detection of outbreak of contagious livestock diseases are concerned.

PROGRESSIVE ACHIEVEMENT:- Testing of samples like Faeces, Blood, Skinscraping, Milk, Urine, Culture& Sensitivity & ELISA test are being taken up. Achievement up to. JUNE -2015 Sl. Test item No. achieved Remarks No. 1 Progressive no of Faecal samples 300 examined

NLM (LIVESTOCK INSURANCE): Year Target Achievement Remarks LA SA Total LA SA Total 2014-15 4200 0 0 2442 0 2442 2015-16 2300 700 3000 2507 558 3065

Fisheries and Growth

DISTRICT VISION: The Fresh water resources of the district comprise water area, 4225.55 Ha. Under tanks and ponds, 248.2Ha. under swamps and bheels and 10059.01Ha of river and canals. The Brackish water area includes 3812.42Ha suitable for brackish water tanks and 2612.0 Ha of estuaries. The marine sector coast line is about 50Kms starting from the river mouth of Kansabansa in the North to Dhamara in South, with continental shelf 0f 10,000 sq Kms. Out of above fresh water resources 3671.11 Ha was developed leaving a gap of 554.44 Ha. Similarly out of above brackish water resources 2124.11Ha developed leaving a gap of 1624.31Ha.

There is a vast scope for development of fresh water & brackish water resources in the district. The district has planned for two fold increase of present fish production by 2019-20. The marine resource of the district has not shown substantial increase of fish production because of many limitations of exploitation like adverse weather condition as well as national & international regulations. The production from brackish water resources mainly contributes to add to the scope of export than to meet local consumption. So the fresh water & brackish water fish production needs to be enhanced. The detail resource position, present position of development, fish production & production potentiality are enclosed in Annex-I,II,III,IV,V. DISTRICT RESOURCE INVENTORY.

1. Fish production & Demand: Now days Fish is considered as nutritive food for every human being for healthy life. As per WHO guideline per capita consumption of fish is 11kg/year. Accordingly the District for its 15.06 lakh(2011 census) population requires 29000 MT of fish & shell fish. Out of 27437MT total fish & shell fish production from all sectors in the district , 15895 MT of fish & shell fish is exported to foreign countries & neighboring states, leaving a balance of 11542 MT for local consumption. Thus there is a gap of 1563 MT of fish required to meet the district fish demand. In order to full fill the gap of this fish demand, generating employment and utilizing idle resources, the need of year wise fisheries resources development is required in a scientific way. 2. Gap of resource development & productivity: There is 4225.55 Ha suitable fresh water resources in the district. Out of which 3671.11 Ha has already been developed & out of developed recourses 1689 Ha covered under intensive as well as 1982 Ha covered under semi intensive pisciculture, where average production per unit Ha has come to 2.94 MT & 1.66 MT respectively( Average productivity 2.24 MT). Thus 804.11 Ha are left for development with fish production gap of 2.76 Mt basing on production potentiality of 5.00 MT/Ha. Similarly under brackish water sector though there is 3812.42 Ha suitable area for brackish water shrimp farming but only 1674.26 Ha developed & is under modified extensive shrimp culture. So 1624.16 Ha is left for further development. The average shrimp production presently has arrived at 1.68 MT/Ha, where there is production gap of 0.90 MT basing on production potentiality of 2.5 Mt/Ha. So mobilizing recourses by Horizontal Expansion is needed under fresh water & brackish water sector. 3. Production potentiality & present level of production:

Further in Fresh water tank fishery sector the average present level of fish production is 2.24 MT/Ha where there is production potentiality is 5.0 MT/ Ha. In Brackish water fishery sector the present level of fish production is 1.68 MT/Ha where as the optimum production potentiality is 5.0 MT/ Ha. In Marine fishery sector the present fish production is 11850 MT (1.18 MT/sq km) where there is production potentiality of 15000 MT (1.50 MT/sq km). In other sectors like rives & canals & estuaries though there is encouraging production potentialities but present production level is very very low. To full fill the gap of fish requirement in all these sectors, fisheries development programmes are absolutely necessary in the district by vertical expansion of area under culture. 4. Gap of exploiting marine recourses. The statistical data under marine fishery sector is placed at Annexure-V. There is 50 km of coastline in the district where there is production potentialities of 15,000 MT marine fish & shell fish & present production level is 12000 MT. So there is a gap of 3000.00 MT which has not yet been exploited as the present mechanized vessels are not equipped with sophisticated electronic devices like GPS, Fish finder & IFFINGS. The display board which will transmit satellite data about availability of fish shoals in the sea has not yet provided in all landing centers as a result full exploitation of marine resource has not yet been made STEP REQUIRED FOR DEVELOPMENT Fish production can be increased in 2 ways – I. Increasing the cultivable water areas (Horizontal expansion) II. Increasing the productivity (vertical expansion)

I . HORIZONTAL EXPANSION (INCREASE OF CULTURABLE AREAS) This can be achieved by creation of additional water areas by excavation of new tanks, renovation of derelict tanks and development of water logged areas through different on going schemes as mentioned here under. i) Since a lot of low lying and water logged areas are there in the district, at least 200Ha new water area under brackish water sector & 70 Ha under fresh water sector are to be developed annually for the coming 5 years through different schemes. ii) 204 GP tanks are leased out in favor of WSHGS for a period of 5 years to adopt scientific culture; rest GP tanks are to be leased out on LTL basis.

iii) The unutilised recourses under brackish water sector will be developed through BFDA and MPEDA. iv) Development of water logged area can be met by monoculture of scampi through MPEDA/KSK etc. Besides renovation of existing derelict tanks under private and Govt. ownership, can be covered under diff. ongoing programmes like NREGS/ RSVY /SGSY/ATMA/APICOL/SEP water shed development Mission / FFDA etc. v) Beneficiaries under fisheries sector having unutilised suitable fisheries resources are to be motivated to take up pisciculture.

II . VERTICAL EXPANSION (INCREASE OF PRODUCTIVITY) Pond production can be increased substantially by increase of productivity of tanks. The productivity can be raised to 4 to 5 MT / ha through adoption of scientific technology and optimal stocking of quality fingerlings / yearlings. i.) Quality Stocking Materials of different compatible species play a vital role in increasing productivity of ponds. Encouragement should be given to private seed producers to produce fingerlings / yearlings. ii) Provision of cost effective feed – Aqua shops should be established in each block Headquarter to meet the input demand of farmers. iii) Training, awareness camp, exposure visit & skill up gradation. Scientific training for skill up gradation of farmers, exposure visit for progressive farmers, entrepreneurs and interested educated youths should be arranged iv) Electricity to Aquaculture forms – Electricity should be provided to Aquaculture farms to enable the farmers to practice the best culture methods and integrated farming. v) Credit requirement – Bankers should come forward in financing pisciculture loan since huge investment is required for excavation & inputs. 25 crores of rupees should be allocated in the district credit plan for development of 100 Ha. of water area in each year. vi) Subsidy requirement: Subsidy should be given immediately on completion of project. vii) Short term credit: This will help the farmers to meet the working capital of

pisciculture / scampi culture and fry rearing. Govt. declared the short term credit facilities for farmers which has also been approved by NABARD. Bankers should give short term credit more & more to farmers. viii) GP/Revenue tanks should be given long term lease at least for a period of 3 years ix) Extension service should be strengthened. x) Provision for insurance for inland aquaculture. xi) Road connectivity to all Aquaculture cluster areas.

Forestry; Importance, Management, Rights and Concessions Consequent upon reorganization of the Forest Department vide Notification No.1F (A)- 100/2003-13228 dated 08th August, 2003 of Govt of Odisha F &E Department, Bhadrak Wildlife division came into being with effect from 1st October -2003 with Headquarter at Bhadrak. This Division was formed carving out a portion of erstwhile Baripada Forest Division and a portion of erstwhile Mangrove Forest Division (W.L), Rajnagar. The Jurisdiction of Bhadrak Wildlife Division is the entire geographical area of Bhadrak Revenue District and therefore the boundary is co-terminus with the District Boundary. Total Geographical area of the Division is 2505 Sq. Km and forest area is 53.32 Sq. Km The area of the Division lies between 200 43’ N to 210 15. N Latitude and 860 14E to 870 05’E Longitude Subsequently, the Headquarter was shifted to Chandabali with effect from 05/04/2006. However, the Divisional forest Officer has to attend the camp office at Bhadrak three days a week as per Govt. of Odisha, F & E Department Notification No.1F(A) Misc. 2/2013 dated 04th March 2013. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Odisha is responsible for the control and management of forests and is also administrative head of the Department. However, the Principle Chief Conservator of Forest (wildlife) & Chief wildlife Warden, Odisha is the administration head of wildlife wing, for administrative purpose, this Division comes under Regional Chief Conservator of Forests, Bhubaneswar Circle. The Division is managed by Divisional Forest Officer who is assisted by an Assistant Conservator of Forest, 4 Range Officers,26 Foresters and 37 Forest Guards. This Division consists of 4 Ranges namely Chandabali(W.L), Range, Basudevpur(W.L) Range, Bhadrak (W.L), Range & Dhamnagar (W.L) Range. The Basudevpur W.L is Range is consist of 4 section and 11 Beats Basudevpur (W.L) Range consist of 2 section and 5 beats Bhadrak (W.L) Range

59 consists of 2 sect ion and 5beats and Dhamnagar (W.L) Range consists of 2 section & 10 Beats. Each Range is under the control of a Range Officer and likewise each section is by a forester and each Beat is by a Forest guard. There are 2 forest check gates, One at Barapadan (Mundirmara) along Bhadrak –Anandapur Road and another at Karanjamal along Jamujhadi-Dhamara road to check smuggling activities. The Division undertakes activities like protection of forests & wildlife anti smuggling, plantation, free distribution of seeding etc. out of funds made available under Central Plan, Centrally Sponsored Plan, State Plan, Non Plan ,NAP, CAMPA, OFSDP & MGNREGS Schemes etc.

This Division forms a part of buffer area of Gahiramatha Sanctuary and Bhitarakanika National Park. The movement of Crocodiles in Baitarani & Mantei river is monitored with payment of compassionate grant for human and cattle kill if any. During nesting of Olive Ridley Turtles, Regular patrolling is conducted by One –Shore(4nos) & Off-Shore (1 no.) camps during the period for the their protection. Census of Crocodiles, Birds Elephants & Dolphins are done every year in this Division. The Division is devoid of natural high forest but there are natural mangrove forests along the coast of Bay of Bengal starting from Dhamara River in the south up to Kanasbansa river in the north. The coastal stretch is covered with mangrove vegetation of varying width. It is almost pure mangrove vegetation of Avicennia Marina, locally known as Bani. Mangrove is specialized plant community which is found in the inter tidal region of estuaries of majhor rivers in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Mangrove eco-system performs host of productive and protective functions for the wellbeing and mankind. Over the years, the mangrove vegetation along the coast and deltaic region of major rivers has been subjected to various anthropogenic pressures, leading to degradation. Considering the need for enhancing livelihood option of the people living in the around forests and rejuvenating degraded forests, this Division has constituted 20 ECO- Development Committee (EDC) in Chandabali & Basudevpur Ranges in Joint Forest Management mode along the coast area. Besides 20 nos of EDCs, 44 nos. of VSs have also been formed in four Ranges for protection of plantations raised under different schemes on Revenue land and Revenue Forest land available in their villages.

Formation of Zones ( For Natural Calamities) The District is divided into 11 zones for smooth management of Relief / rescue Operation and flood preparedness as under:

Sl. No. Zone Zone Officer Addl. Zone Officer 1 Bhadrak BDO, Bhadrak Tahasildar, Bhadrak 2 Basudevpur BDO,Basudevpur Tahasildar , Basudevpur 3 Bonth BDO, Bonth Tahasildar , Bonth 4 Bhandaripokhari BDO, Bhandaripokhari Tahasildar , Bhandaripokhari 5 Chandbali BDO, Chandbali Tahasildar , Chandbali 6 Dhamnagar BDO, Dhamnagar Tahasildar , Dhamnagar 7 Tihidi BDO, Tihidi Tahasildar , Tihidi 8 Dhamara ABDO, Chandabali Addl. Tahasildar, Chandabali 9 Bhadrak Executive Officer, Addl. Tahasildar, Bhadrak Municipality Bhadrak Municipality 10 Basudevpur Executive Officer, Addl. Tahasildar, Basudevpur Municipality Basudevpur Municipality 11 Dhamnagar NAC Executive Officer, Addl. Tahasildar, Dhamnagar Dhamnagar NAC

Socio-Economic Features Agriculture is the main income of the district. But many people in the coastal area Dhamara of Chandabali Block to Padhuan of Basudevpur Block are depending upon the Fishing. Major fishing harbors are located at Dhamara, Kasia & Chudamani Some people in the Municipality area have sound small business.

Agriculture and Cropping Pattern The geographical area of the district is 2,46,529 ha. of which 1,76000 ha comes under cultivable area. The paddy is grown as the main crop in Kharif covering 1,65,500 ha. which constitutes 94% of this total cultivable area. During Kharif season about 47% of cultivable area is rain fed and likely to remain exposed to the gambling monsoon and natural calamity. 9% of the cultivable area is up-land, 36% is medium land and 55% is low land.

Types of Land Area in Ha.

Cultivable Area 176000

Total Paddy Area 165500

High Land Paddy 7507

Med. Land Paddy 58270

Low Land Paddy 99723

Climate and Rainfall

The climate of this district is generally hot with high humidity. May is usually hottest month. Occurrence of a large number of fire accidents is a regular feature of the district during summer. December is the coldest month of this district. Monsoon generally comes during the month of June. The rainfall during June to October constitutes at least 75% of the actual rainfall of this district. Average rainfall of the district for last ten years (1994 – 2004) is given below.

Irrigation Potential

Source Kharif Area in Ha. Rabi Area in Ha.

Salandi Irrigation 54244 28485

HLC 19669 300

MI Project 1336 500

LI Project 6500 4700

ST Wells 10330 5323

Dug Wells 32

Million Well 29

Creeks 5618 4968

Other Sources 5900 9883

Total 103597 54220

River Systems:

The major part of the district comes under the river systems of the Baitarani, Salandi, Gamei, Kansabans, Mantei, Kochila, Genguti, Reba and Kapali. The rivers are seasonal and during the rainy season they spate and create havoc for the people of the district and the countryside crop. So the Govt. machinery frequently remains alert and busy in rescue and relief operation. The table below indicates the information on the River Gauges.

Name of the River Location Warning Level Danger Level

Baitarani Akhuapada 50.00 Ft. (17.83 Mtr.)

Salandi Rajghat 8.50 Ft. 10.00 Ft

Genguti Gandhighat 10.85 Mtr. 11.15 Mtr.

History of Disaster in Bhadrak District

CALAMITY FACED BY BHADRAK DISTRICT SINCE 1994

NO. OF BLOCKS POPULATION CALAMITY ULB GP VILLAGE TIMES AFFECTED (LAKH)

FLOOD 1994 3 5 56 244 2.99

HEAVY RAINFALL-95 1 7 166 1211 5.14

FLOOD 1995 1 4 2 38 198 1.98

FLOOD 1997 3 5 45 263 2.36

DROUGHT 1998 1 6 69 441

FLOOD 1999 1 4 41 193 1.92

SUPER CYCLONE -99 1 7 2 166 1400 11.06

FLOOD 2001 1 7 141 186 3.6

DROUGHT-2002 1 1 16 45 1.01

FLOOD 2003 2 7 2 177 1087 11.36

FLOOD 2004 1 3 - 30 138 1.58

FLOOD 2005 1 4 - 36 156 1.90

FLOOD 2006 4 4 - 39 173 2.23

FLOOD 2007 4 7 2 147 744 7.17

FLOOD 2008 1 4 - 49 222 2.62

FLOOD 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0

DROUGHT 2010 5 - 57 386 3.81

FLOOD 2011 2 6 2 95 453 4.42

DROUGHT 2012 1 1 - 3 4 0.32

1035/ 53 FLOOD 2013 1 7 2 151 12.72 WARDS

207/10 FLOOD 2014 2 6 1 51 3.26 WARDS

CASUALITIES DUE TO NATUARAL CALAMITIES IN RESPECT OF BARAK DISTRICT

Year Death due to Flood Fire Accident Lightening Sun Stroke 1997 10 0 0 0 1998 0 0 7 70 1999 103 0 8 0 2000 0 3 10 2 2001 1 0 12 0 2002 0 0 12 0 2003 01 3 09 9 2004 0 1 14 14 2005 2 2 12 12 2006 2 1 11 11 2007 13 0 13 2 2008 5 0 12 1 2009 0 2 17 0 2010 0 5 09 0 2011 13 2 8 1 2012 1 5 14 4 1013 13 2 06 2 2014 7 3 10 1

PROBABILITY PERIOD OF HAZARDS

SEASONALITY (MONTH) TYPE

OF DISASTER JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

FLOOD

CYCLONE

DROUGHT

SUNSTROKE

FIRE

ACCIDENT

EARTH QUAKE

Preparedness Measures by the District Administration before Disasters The District Natural Calamity Committee Meeting is convened normally twice in a year in the month of May and November in order to discuss all the preparedness measures to be taken by the concerned line Departments like staring of food grains, K. Oil and baby food in all the Grampanchayats out of available stocks in the inaccessible and vulnerable pockets, formation of medical task force teams with stock of sufficient medicines, disinfectants, vaccines, closures of breaches in the river/road/ canal embankments, stock of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, veterinary measures, repair of Govt power boats at the disposal of Tahsildars. The District Contingency Plan is also given a final shape through the deliberations in these meetings. A preparatory meeting is also held in the months of February by District Level Committee on Natural Calamity to combat the heat wave situation.

General Information on Super Cyclone-1999

Average rainfall 1356mm

Rainfall on 30th and 31st October 807 mm

No of Blocks affected All seven blocks

No of ULB affected All two ULBs

No of GPs affected 166

No of Villages affected 1356

Population affected 13,47,397

No of human Casuality 98

No of Missing person reported 06

No of Private House damaged 1,50,526

a) Washed away 86

b) Fully collapsed 36,248

c) Partly collapsed 1,14,192

Agriculture land affected 1,78,973 Hect.

Estimated value of Crop loss

i) Paddy 136.400 Crores

ii) Non Paddy 4.486 Crores

iii) Fruit crops 19.195 Crores

iv)Vegetables 5.091 Crores

Total 165.172 crores

Loss of Live stocks (all types) 77706 heads

Estimated l value of loss of Live stocks 3.63 Crores

Damages to Public Utilities 149.76 Crores

Damages to Private Houses 80.00 Crores

Fishermen Affected 10564 Families

Total Loss 398.562 Crores

DETAILS OF RELEIF MEASURES TAKEN a) Emergent Relief (Rice)

i) No of Days administered 7(Seven) days

ii) Quantities Distributed Q. 36,779.45 iii) No of beneficiaries 13,47,397

Free Kitchen

Rice Supplied Qtl 4447.5

Meals given 19,33 667 nos

G.R Cards provided 5000 Nos for 2 months

Disbursement of Ex-Gratia to the next of @ Rs. 75,000/- each Total Rs. 69,00,000/- Kins of the Deceased

House Building Assistance

House Building Grant from the Govt.

@ Rs.3500/- for washed away, Rs.2000/- Rs.18, 41,09,000/- for fully collapsed, Rs.1000/- for partly collapsed houses)

Indira Awas Yojana Houses 13,868 houses

House Building Loans through OHRDC 7,342 houses

Assistance to Fishermen 1342 Boats and 3534 Nets at a cost of Rs.93,36,000/-

UNICEF has provided 43,450 no of blankets 5,981 nos of family kits and 588 nos of tarpaulin to the cyclone affected people.

Relief including food materials in sufficient quantities, polythene sheets, blankets, daily use household kits, clothes etc. were also provided by NGOs like OXFAM, CRS and many others and various State Governments in a well-coordinated manner under the monitoring of the District administration. Various post flood measures like providing essential medical services to people through medical teams/ camps, sanitation, veterinary, agricultural measures were taken up in adequate measure to prevent any further fallout in the post flood situation and bring the affected population return to normalcy.

CYCLONE SHELTERS

There are 67 Multi Purpose cyclone Shelters and 9 multipurpose flood sheltera available in Barak District as follows.

LIST OF CYCLONE SHELTERs CONSTRUCTED BY OSDMA,

Basudevpur Block

Sl NO GP Village Place

1 Balimunda Bdahabelisahi UP School 2 Govindpur Brajanandapur UP School

3 Govindpur Govindpur UGME School

4 Bideipur Sunamuhin Sunamuhi Primary School

5 Rajgharpokhari Laxmi Prasad Laxmiprasad School

6 Rajgharpokhari Badamachuagahai Badamachuaghai School

7 Barapur Sankharu Sankuru UP School Barapur

8 Kumarpur Kumarpur Kumarpur UGME School

9 Eram Badheipada Badheipda UGME School

10 Artung Artung Artung Pry School

11 Sanakrushnapur Chandimal Chandimal

12 Laxmidaspur Khedualpur Khedualpur

13 Aruhan Aruhan Aruhan

14 Nuagan Nuagaon Harijan Pry School

15 Jaganathpur Bachada Govt. High School

16 Sanakrushnpur Kasia Chandimata High school

17 Andola Juragadia Near Pry School

18 Padhuan Padhuan ME School

19 Chudamani Chudmani K.C High School

20 Sudarsanpur Jaganathi Jaganathi UP School

21 K. Krushnapur Kismat K Pur Prymary School

22 Laxmidaspur L. Das pur Pry School

23 Jaganathprasad P.Mishrapur M.E School

24 Birash Birasha Birash Pry School

25 Rajgharpokhari Rajgharpokhari K.C.M.E School

26 Nuagaon Padhuan (Sarapokhariadi) Project Pry. School, Sarapokhari adi.

27 Naikanidihi Balarampur Balarampur UP School

Chandbali Block

1 Nuagaon Jantuali Jantuali Village field

2 Chardia Sailendrapali Sailendrapalli Project Pry. School

3 Chardia Harispur Near Harishpur UP School

4 Doshinga Oramal Oramal Primery School

5 Jagula Narasinghapur Narsinghpur diha Sevshram School

6 Bansada Gangadharpur Gangadhar pur non formal School

7 Panchutkiri Naccihpur Nachhipur

8 Panchutkiri Uttarasahi Uttarasahi UGME School

9 Totapada Anakpada Ankapada

10 Totapada Birigadia Birigadia

11 Totapada Kaduanasi Kaduanasi Pry School

12 Totapada Khadalpokhari Naer Aganwadi Centre

13 Totapada Sunaripokhari Sunaripokhari UP School

14 Kaithakola Krushnaprsad East Coast Pry

15 Bansada Baliarpur Baliarpur Proj. pry School

16 Jagula Jagula Near Pry School

17 Karanapalli Vijaypatana UP School

18 Jashipur Barakhola Near Pump House

19 karanjamal Karnajmal UGME School

20 Dosinga Dosinga UGME School

FLOOD SHELTERs

1 Dhamnagar Arjunpur Balipatana high School

2 Dhamnagar Bamkura Bamkura High School

3 Chandabali Nandapur Koilekha

4 Bhandaripokhari Solampur Maninathpur High School

5 Bhandaripokhari Malda Jalahari

7 Tihidi Baro Dahapania

6 Tihidi Govindpur Govindpur

8 Tihidi Saya Saya Inside School campus

9 Bhadrak Daisingh Daisingh

Cyclone Shelter Constructed by Red Cross under ODMP Programme Basudevpur Block

Sl. Name of the MPCS Served/periphery Gram panchayat CAPACITY Status No. Villages

1 Mohanpur Muladhi, Padhuan, Podhuan 1200 OK

2 Eram adia Adhuaadia, Eram 1200 OK

3 Gangamanisila Maitipada, Bedeipur 1200 OK

4 Uhad Bhatapada, Kantipur Nuagaon 1500 OK

5 Chudamaniadia I Radhanathpur Chudamani 2000 OK

6 Chudamaniadia II - Chudamani 1000 OK

7 60 Chain 40 Chain, Sanakrushnapur 2000 OK

20 Chain

8 Khantakhuada - Andola 1500 OK

9 Olagada - Adhuan 1000 OK

10 Ratanga - Barandua 1000 OK

11 Chandanpur - Jagannathpur 1000 OK

Chandbali Block

1 Charadia Harekrishnapur,. Charadia 1200 OK

2 Orasahi Kandagaradi,. Orasahi 1200 OK

3 Jharkota - Dhamara 1500 OK

4 Guanla Sankhajodi Dhamara 1500 OK

5 Baincha Bijipur Karanjamala 1500 OK

6 Madhapur Ratani Madhapur 2500 OK

7 Tentulidihi Kandiasahi Tentulidihi 3000 OK

8 Kaudiapal - Orasahi 1000 OK

9 Sendhagada - Gopinathpur 1500 OK

Disaster Overview DISASTER- “A serious disruption of the functioning of a society, Causing widespread human, material, environmental loses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources ”The occurrences of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a Society (or Community).

Type of Disaster:- Natural & Man-made(Broadly) Natural Disaster Man-made Disaster •Earth quake •Road accident •Flood •Rasta Roka •Heavy Rain •Communal Violence •Cyclone •Hartal •Drought •Riots •Land Slides • Pollution •Forest Fires •Chemical •Avalnaces •Railway Accidents •Pest Infections • Heat Wave •Hail Storms Bhadrak District lies in the Coastal belt it is mostly affected by Cyclone, Flood, Drought and Heat wave.

Definitions of Natural Calamities Disaster means a catastrophe, Calamity or mishap, a grave occurrences which causes loss of life, human suffering, damage to and destruction of property, and /or degradation of environment and/or which disrupts the normal functioning of societies, Government and /or communities and /or adversely affects individuals and families with severity and includes any or more of the occurrences. 30 odd types of Disaster have been identified and the same have been grouped into five categories. Calamity

Water& Geographica Chemical/ Biological Accidental Climatic l Industrial

 Water and Climate related disasters- Drought, Flood, Cyclone, heavy rains, tidal disasters  Gale wind, whirl wind, tornado, and hail storms  Geological related disasters- earthquake, Volcanic eruption  Chemical, Industrial and Nuclear related disasters  Accident related disasters  Biological related disasters

12 kind hazards are recognized as Natural Calamity where at present Rest.4,00,000/- is awarded to the NOK of the deceased as per revised norm vide order No.1936/R & DM(SR) dated 01/06/2015

12 Approved Disaster

1 Cyclone 7 Hailstorm 2 Drought 8 Landslide 3 Earthquake 9 Avalanche 4 Fire 10 Could burst 5 Flood 11 Pest attack 6 T sunami 12 Cold wave/Frost

In the changing scenario, the Central & State Govt. have gone a step ahead in declaring some more disaster as local disaster where ex-gratia as permissible under the norms of NDRF& SDRF is applicable, the list of such disaster s furnished below. 8 Local Disaster

1 Lightning 5 Heavy Rain 2 Heat Wave 6 Boat Accident (Other than during flood) 3 Whirlwind 7 Drowning(Other than during flood) 4 Tornado 8 Snakebite (Other than during flood)

CHAPTER –V

INDUSTRIES

INTRODUCTION:

DIC; Bhadrak became independently functional on 1st January 2000 before that branch Office of Balasore look after the work in Bhadrak..

1698 enterprises in MSME Sector were established with an investment of about Rs 235 millions providing employment opportunity to around 8000 persons until DIC, Bhadrak became operational in the year 2000. As on date the figure has been raised to more than 3500 enterprises with investment of more than 600 million and employment of more than 25000 persons with the collective effort of the officers & field functionaries of DIC, Banks & other line Deptts. One natural cluster of rice milling enterprises has been taken shape in the district and has been identified for development in Cluster mode under State Initiative for Cluster Development.

OLD TIME INDUSTRIES

Various industries in Cottage & MSME sector have flourished in the district since generation. Rice Hullers, Atta chaki, Chuda hullers, Oil Ghani, Weaving, Pottery, Brass & Belmetal Work, Cane & Bamboo works Stone Carving, Carpentry & Blacksmith, Processing of Cereals & pulses, Salt Mfg. Processing of Dry fish etc. were the most categories of Industries. The entrepreneur and the artisans who produces the articles / products for centuries an integral part of the village community , being paid largely in kind and some cases holding land towards remuneration for the services rendered to individuals or the community as the case may be . Competition of cheap machine made goods as well as various administrative discriminatory measures adopted by the British Govt. destroyed their property. As a result most of the industries are lying in a moribund condition. To improve the industrial scenario, the effective steps have been taken by DIC, Bhadrak, Financial Institutional, Other line Deptt. District Industries Associations and good entrepreneurs. Now Industrial scenario of the Bhadrak is satisfactory.

POWER

In the year 1956 the State Govt. undertook a comprehensive scheme for electrification of small town and rural areas of the dist. In pursuance of that shceme the electrification of Bhadrak

Town commenced on July 1956. The transmission line from Bhadrak Power Station was later extended to other part of the dist. Now all most all the villages and small towns of the Bhadrak Dist. have already been electrified.

Power production in FACOR

The District has no power generation Project. However Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd. has captive power plant of 100 Megawatt capacity.

MINING

Practically there is no Mines in this District. However mining based industries has gradually developed in this district by procurement of Raw materials from neighboring Dist. Keonjhar & Jajpur . The major industry i.e. FACOR receiving chrome as raw materials from Osthapal mines of Jajpur District & the finished product is High Carbon Ferro Charge/ Charge Chrome which is exported to Korea, Japan, Italy, Netherland, Turkey,China & Taiwan & the product is used as principal ingredient of steel & stainless steel.

MINERALS

The coast of Chandbali is riched in Lime nite , Magnetite, Girconrutly and Minor amounts of monazite which is a sources of thorium in the Dist. as has been reported.

DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE

The District Industries Centre, Bhadrak has been functioning independently after being bifurcated from DIC, Balasore on 01.01.2000 in order to provide easy service to the people of Bhadrak District in all respects of industrial promotion. The aim & objective of DIC, Bhadrak is as follows. Objectives

The aims & objective of District Industries Centre, Bhadrak is to promote for establishment of micro, small & medium industries, handicraft industries, cottage & Village

79 industries and coir industries in the district of Bhadrak. The promotional activities are inclusive of assisting the industrial entrepreneurs and artisans of Cottage & handicraft Industries Sector of the district for obtaining finance from different financial institutions, providing marketing assistance & Entrepreneurship Development Training in all of the above sectors, recommendation for raw materials and IDCO land & shed, facilitating benefits under different Industrial Policy Resolutions (IPRs) from time to time, organization of artisans co-operatives for development of Cottage & Handicraft enterprises, implementation of different Government sponsored schemes. Mission/Vision

 Employment generation and improvement of the socioeconomic status of the population of the district by setting up micro, small & medium enterprises.

 Rehabilitation through financial assistance from different financial institutions, insurance coverage and obtaining of Artisan Credit Card & Artisans Identity Card for Handicraft Artisans.

 Employment generation in Industry & service sector through Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) scheme.

Role of DIC

 Promotion of Micro, Small & Medium enterprises along with Handicraft & Cottage Industries in the district.  Implementation of PMEGP/RHA/RCA under self employment schemes.  To identify prospective Entrepreneur & viable projects for setting up of Industry.  Facilitating establishment of MSMEs through Single Window Mechanism.  Providing viable and feasible Project profiles and guidance to prospective entrepreneurs.  Recommendation for land, financial assistance and scarce raw materials for MSMEs  Implementation of IPR provisions for incentives to MSMEs.

 Extending assistance in marketing of finished products.  Recommendation for quality certification.  Development of industrial enterprises through cluster approach.  Identify and make demand survey on the available resource of the District and plan for promotion of viable Industries in the area.  To grant Registrations EM-I & EM-II to the entrepreneurs.  To strengthen the guidance cell to solve the problems of the entrepreneurs.  To maintain up to date data on MSME Sector.  To recommend financial proposals to Orissa State Financial Corporation / Financial Institutions/Banks etc.  To arrange EDP training.  To arrange exhibition, fair and publicity and visit of industrialists to Trade Fairs and different Industrial Estates of other States.  To solve the problems of the industrial units at the district level.  To monitor the health of existing MSME units and the progress of those in the pipe line.  To assist revival of sick SSI Units.

INDUSTRIAL ESTATE

There is a Industrial Estate at Rahanja, Bhadrak under the control of IDCO. The Estate situated by the side of NH-5. Total Area – 20.7 Acre, A 12.440 has been allotted in shape of Land and shed to 20 nos. of entrepreneurs who have been allotted Land / shed in different sector to start the enterprise. Mainly Fly Ash Bricks, Aluminum Utensils, Chuda Mill, Refractory Bricks etc are functioning.

There is another Industrial Area at Helpur Mouza is Bhandaripokhari Block measuring 217 acres under the control of IDCO.

MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES & LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES.

Large Scale Industries:- 1) M/S FACOR Ferro Alloys Ltd.

2) M/S FACOR Power Plant Pvt. Ltd.

3) M/S Dhamara Port

Medium Scale Industries :- M/S Mangalam Agro Tech Pvt. Ltd.

MICRO & SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

The district was very poor in Small Industries sector. Only about 100 Nos of Industries are working . At present is developed to a great extent. Many Small Scale Industries I,e. Rice Mills, Ice Factories, Fly Ash Bricks Unit, Fabrication Unit, Bakery, Ice Cream , Flex Print, Food Mixture etc and other service oriented units have been established by the entrepreneurs. Presently around 1325 regd. feasible MSME units are working in the Dist.

LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES

Bhadrak has been declared as industrial Backward Dist. in the year 1983-84. Though it is one of the richest Dist. in odisha in Agriculture , only three Large Scale Industries have been developed in the recent past.

1. Ferro Alloys Corpn. Ltd. A charge chrome Plant situated in D.P. Nagar at about 04 KMs towards the West of Bhadrak Town in the Village Randia set up by M/S Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd. .It has commenced production since 7th March. 1983. The Plant is running with a Capital investment of Rs. 90 Crores. At present 1,000 persons are working in this unit. The plant produces Charge Chrome of nearly 50 thousand Tons yearly. The basic raw materials of this industry is Chromate which procured from Boula Mines of Keonjhar Dist. and Sukinda Valley Mines of Jajpur Dist. It is an Export oriented Industries and its product is being exported to the countries of Europe and Japan etc.

2. Faccor Power Ltd.

M/S Faccor Power Ltd. established in the year 2000 at D.P.Nagar ,Randia with investment of more than Rs.749.00 Crore. It produces 35 MWH electric power at present having gave employment more than 400 Nos of employees.

3. DHAMARA PORT

The Dhamara Port has been modernized & operating in PPP mode it gives port based service in the district.

MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES

Only one Medium Scale Industries i,e. Mangalam Agro Tech. Pvt. Ltd. is established at Asura in the year 2008. It produces Boiled rice, broken rice and rice bran with a capital investment of Rs. 1327.63 lakh and has given employment to 30 persons.

AGRO & MARINE BASED INDUSTRIES

The district being primarily an agricultural district, its economic activities centre round agriculture, Processing of Paddy, wheat, Oilseeds and Bakery products like biscuit, breads and pastries are manufactured in this category of industries. All these industries are mainly situated at places like Bhadrak, Pirhat, Dhamnagar and Chandabali. These industries are 205 in number and employed 995 (skilled and unskilled) persons. All these units are established with a capital investment of rupees 3317.06 lakhs..

Although a sizeable number of agro-based industries have already com-up in the district there is still potentiality for some more industries based on agricultural resources. Among them Rice milling is the largest industry in the district. It began in the early twenties of the present century and gradually spread. The main bulk of capital investment was made by the Marwaris and in a few cases by Oriyas.

ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES

The engineering industries which are mainly located at Bhadrak and Charampa are ancillary in nature. They manufacture engineering articles like fabricated gates and grills, G.I buckets, agricultural equipments, steel utensils, hospital equipments, rolling mill, huller screen blade & light engineering works. There are 130 engineering industries employing 605 persons. All these units have been established with a capital investment of rupees 680.00 lakhs.

CHEMICAL & ALLIED INDUSTRIES

Ayurvedic medicines, Agarbati, Phenyle, Candles etc. are manufactured by the Chemical and Allied Industries. These are mostly concentrated at Bhadrak, Charampa and Chandabali. These are very low in number. However efforts have been taken for more Industries.

GLASS & CERAMIC INDUSTRIES

The glass & ceramic industries mainly manufacture bricks, Fly Ash bricks, Cement products and Stone Utensils. These Industries are 109 in number and employed 767persons both skilled and unskilled and are mainly situated at Bhadrak, Bonth, Dhamnagar, Bhandaripokhari. These are established with a capital investment of rupees 180.36 lakhs.

PLASTIC PRODUCT INDUSTRIES

Manufacturing of Plastic Fishing net, Toys, Wovensacks, etc. coming under this industries. These are set-up at Bhadrak & Basudevpur which is around 10 in numbers and have given employment to 72 persons. All these units are established with a capital investment of 108.50 lakhs.

TEXTILE BASED INDUSTRIES

Around 158 nos. of units concented at Bhadrak, Bhandaripokhari, Motto and Chandabali manufactures Readymade Garments, Dhoti & Gamuchha, School Dresses, Yarn Dyeing etc. It provides employment to 756 persons with a investment of 105.49 lakhs.

WOOD & FOREST BASED INDUSTRIES

Around 49 nos. wood based industries / Saw Mills have been set-up in the district in the places like Bhadrak, Charampa, Chandabali & Dhamnagar with a investment of 79.76 lakhs and employment of 257 persons.

LEATHER INDUSTRIES

There are about 3 to 4 leather industries in different places of the district mainly at Bhadrak and Chandabali. They produce tanned leather footwear like chappals, shoes, leather bags, leather boxes etc. These industries employed 16 persons with investment of 9.24 lakhs.

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIES

Electrical Jobs- Servicing & Rep. of Radios, Tape Recorders, Television, Mobile, Storage of Batteries, Manufacturing of Battery plates are coming under these category of industries. These industries are mainly located at Bhadrak & Charampa around 47 in nos. with capital investment of Rs.212.73 lakhs and employment of 235 persons.

SERVICING & OTHER MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES

Servicing of auto engines, tyre retreading and resoling, painting and binding of books, body building of rickshaws, repairing of bicycles, rickshaws, tyre and tubes, welding of motor vehicles and cycles come under these type of industries. There are 494 servicing and

85 miscellaneous industries in the district employing 1549 persons. All these units are scattered all over the district and were established with a capital investment of rupees 613.31 lakhs.

FISHING

Fishing plays a vital role in the economic development of the district. Its potentialities are vast and varied Chandabali, Dhamara, Basudevpur are enriched with Marine & brackish resources in 50 K.M as shaped postal lined. Marine Fishing has become the main occupation of the Fisher man. Bhadrak coast is important for prawn fishing & other edible fishes. The Annual procurement is about 10000 ton and these are mostly marketed at Calcutta. In view of the growing fishing industry in the district it has been estimated that 100 Tons of Ice are required for preservation & packing. Keeping this requirement in view around 25 nos. of Ice Plants have been set-up in private sector at Basudevpur, Dhamara & Chandabali area.

Over all achievement of MSME units ( Data based on registered units

Sl. No. Category of Industries Nos. Investment Employment

( In Lakhs) 1 Metal & metalogical 72 501.13 329 based 2 Engineering & Allied 135 780.24 732 based 3 Agro & Food based 205 3317.06 995 4 Wood & Forest based 49 79.76 257 5 Glass & ceramic based 109 180.36 767 6 Mineral based 02 54.98 16

7 Paper based 10 22.57 48 8 Plastic & Rubber based 10 108.50 72 9 Textile based 158 105.49 756 10 Chemical based 30 46.63 284 11 Electric & Electronic 47 212.73 235 based 12 Leather based 04 9.24 16 13 Repairing & service 192 201.36 649 based 14 Miscellaneous based 302 412.95 901 TOTAL 1325 6033.00 6056

The comprehensive achievement of MSME sector for last five years is given below.

Sl. Year MSME EM-I EM-II MSME Loan proposals No GIP sponsored 1 2010-11 200 317 81 51 2 2011-12 210 319 86 44 3 2012-13 231 372 115 45 4 2013-14 264 507 115 62 5 2014-15 1160 552 126 69

Industrial potential plan for future development

The identified entrepreneurs are being trained and given hand holding support for setting up of viable projects. They are being assisted by the banks under several schemes.

Manufacturing Sector Enterprises Investment in plant & machinery Micro Enterprises Does not exceed twenty five lakh rupees More than twenty five lakh rupees but does not exceed five Small Enterprises crore rupees More than five crore rupees but does not exceed ten crore Medium Enterprises rupees Service Sector Enterprises Investment in equipments Micro Enterprises Does not exceed ten lakh rupees: More than ten lakh rupees but does not exceed two crore Small Enterprises rupees More than two crore rupees but does not exceed five core Medium Enterprises rupees

STATE ASSISTANCE TO INDUSTRIES

Assistance & fiscal incentives to eligible industries are governed under mentioned policies.

1) Industrial Policy Resolution 2007

2) Micro Small Medium Enterprises Development Policy 2009 3) Odisha Food Processing Policy 2013

Under the above Policy, the units are availed incentives such as 1) Capital investment subsidy 2) Interest subsidy on term loan / working capital loan 3) Electric duty exemption 4) Exemption of Entry Tax

5) Reimbursement of VAT 6) Exemption of premium of conversion of land 7) Stamp duty exemption 8) Reimbursement of quality certification . 9) EPM Registration & Rate contact, etc

PMEGP

To facilitated employment to educated unemployment youths a scheme named Prime minister Employment Generation Programme was started from the year 2008-09 in place of old scheme PMRY. It facilitated to established Industries & Service based units with a project cost 25 laksh & 10laksh respectively. The subsidy amount involved from 15% to 35% of the project cost depending upon the category of the entrepreneur & location of the unit. This scheme is implemented in this district through DIC, OKVIB & KVIC

Year Achievement No. Amount in Lakhs 2011-12 62 84.26 2012-13 67 120.26 2013-14 66 121.63 2014-15 28 56.82

HANDICRAFTS & COTTAGE INDUSTRIES

In spite of many odds & obstacles a number of traditional Cottage Industries of the Dist. have been survived since centuries. After independence, attempts are being taken to organize the artisans by giving technical & financial support under different schemes implemented by Govt. of Odisha. Indl. Co-op. societies are being formed for providing adequate capital and better marketing facilities. Though the demand on traditional products is decreasing to a great extent due to entry of plastic, fiber, steel and other decorative items in the local market, the traditional artisans are still struggling and they are producing traditional products those have required by the local and urban people.

Different training programmes are organized like- Skill up-gradation Training Programme and MCM Training Programme. Besides, financial assistance have also been provided to the Handicraft Artisans under the Scheme “Rehabilitation of Handicraft Artisans” (RHA) / “ Modernisation and Technological Up-gradatuion of handicraft Industries” ( MTUHI) etc. Further, the Solar Lanterns and Workshed –cum- Housing have been provided to the eligible handicraft artisans for increase of their production capacity .For marketing of their product different exhibitions at Dist. Level as well as State level are being organized.

Rehabilitation of Handicraft Artisans “ (RHA)

Traditional trained artisans shall be provided with Margin Money Assistance for availing bank finance to set up own production unit.

Modernisation & Technological Up-gradation of handicraft Industries (MTUHI)

The State Govt. has so far encouraged handicraft artisans individually as well as in the organized form of Handicraft Co-op. Societies and Self Help Groups to promote handicraft industries in the state. It is seen that the handicraft industries in the state are mosly in cottage scale with little mechanization & traditional process of manufacturing . though the products are highly artistic, the volume of production is less..

Workshed-cum-Housing

Handicraft sector is the largest sector among the cottage industries in Odisha. The handicraft activities are mostly undertaken in the dwelling houses 7 court yard of the artisans. It is seen that most the handicraft artisans do not have a suitable accommodation to work& even some of them work in the open court yard. But during the monsoon, it is not possible for them to work outside. As such their activity comes to a halt which affects their income adversely.

Skill-up-gradation Training

Sl.No Craft Location No. of Artisaans 04 Paddy Sabrang 30 Caraft

02 Bamboo Biswanathpur 30 Craft 03 Goldengrass Lingadi 30

04 Terracotta Radhang 30 05 Wood Nadigaon 30 Carving 06 Goldengrass Patuli 30

MCM Training programme

The objective the training is to increase the handicraft artisans of the state as handicraft sector provides the best opportunity for self employment with minimum capital investment and this can be achieved through organized training followed by rehabilitation assistance. The trainees should take –up business activites with bank linkages or own finance after completion of the training programme.

In this district 60 artisans have already been undergone the training as detailed below.

Sl.No Craft Location No. of Artisan s 01 Wood Baudpur 15 Carving 02 Bamboo Kurusingha 15 Craft 03 Cane & Poitalia 15 Baboo 04 Paper Bisalkana 15 Machie Distribution of solar lanterns

For improvement of production capacity, the slar lanterns have been distributed to the handicraft Artisan families where there is no electricity connection or regular interruption of power supply and low voltage particularly in rural areas.

Under the scheme 157 Nos. of solar lanterns have been distributed to the handicraft artisans of all blocks during the year 2013-14 and 606 have been distributed to handicraft artisans during 2014-15 covering all blocks in this district.

Aam Admi Bima Yojana

It is a Central Government Social Security Scheme administered by LIC of India.

Objective

To provide insurance cover to the head of the family or one earning member in the family living below poverty line and marginally above povertyline

550 handicraft artisans have been covered under the scheme during 2014-15 and 449 Nos. of handicraft artisans during 2015-16.

HANDICRAFT SCINARIO OF BHADRAK DISTRICT

In this district more than 4325 handicrafts artisans are engaged in handicraft sector. Some major crafts in the Dist. are as follows-

Paddy Craft, Wood Carving, Cane & Bamboo, Pottery & Terracotta, Golden grass etc

Comprehnsive Achievement under Cottage & Handicraft sector since last five years

Sl. Year Scheme & Achievement RHA MTUHI Solar AABY Workshed-cum- No Lantern Housing 1 10-11 39 - - - 2 11-12 44 - - - 3 12-13 30 02 - - 4 13-14 13 01 157 550 02 5 14-15 16 06 615 449 02

PANCHAYAT SAMITI INDUSTRIES

06 Nos of Panchayt Samiti Industries are under Liquidation since long. 1. Asura Mangalore Pottery Tile PSI Unit 2. Sree Maa Biswakrama Carpentry PSI Units 3. Padhuan Wire Nail PSI Units 4. Kali Tile PICS Ltd. 5. Dhamnagar Sugar Cane Processing PICS Ltd. 6. Kothar Saw Mill PICS Ltd. Labour & employees Organisation The industrial working class of the district may be broadly devided as factory workers and miscellaneous workers. Apart from this many unregistered factories with No. of casual workers. Most of the factory workers have their wage scale and many of them have secure employment .Almost all the major factories of the district have provided amenities to their employees. The welfare majors include recreation club, rest shed, canteen, first aid, drinking water, medical facilities, hotments etc. Besides, the labour Deptt. Take steps for proper implementation of various labour laws in force in the District through their officials and also by the Central Govt. in respect of their undertakings.

Labour Laws and Relations, Protection of labour, Trade Unionism, Labour welfare

The Labour department is responsible to maintain peace in industry to foster industrial harmony to increase production and productivity of the factory and other establishments by different labour enactments.

Bhadrak was declared as labour District in the year 1983. The Bhadrak District was formed in the year 1994. The District Labour office is the administrative head of the department in the district. He is assisted by subordinate officers, viz, the assistant Labour Officer, Bhadrak and the Rural Labour Inspector, Bhadrak etc.

The District Labour Officer and the Assistant Labour Officer are functioning as Inspectors under various labour laws, conciliation officers under industrial dispute act. Licensing

93 officer under Orissa shops and commercial establishment Act, etc. the rural Labour Inspectors are there to implement the minimum wages to agriculture workers in rural areas. Besides, they are also functioning as inspector under minimum wages act, Bidi and Cigar workers Act, Equal Remuneration Act, etc.

The Industrial working class of the district may be broadly divided as factory workers and miscellaneous workers. About 4172 workers/Labourers were employed In 1300 registered factories with a number of casual workers, most of the factory workers have their wage scales and many of them have secured employment in the Rice Mills, Saw Mills, Fly Ash Bricks, Ice Factory, Package Drinking water factory, Bakery , Fabrication and plastic Industries etc.

There were 25 registered trade unions in the District till the 31st march 2015, Generally the Workers of registers factories and construction workers have formed trade unions to safeguard their interest.

Almost all the major factories of the district have provided amenities to their employees. The welfare measures include recreation club, rest shed, canteen, first-aid, drinking water, medical facilities, hutments etc.

Besides, the Labour Department took steps for proper implementation of various labour laws (25 in number) in force in the district through their district level offices located at Bhadrak and also by the Central Govt. in respect of their undertakings.

The District is mainly an agricultural tract than an industrial one. The bulk of its labour force, therefore, constitutes agricultural labourers and others categories of labourers. Accordingly to the census of 1981, 68238 were agricultural labourers and 10654 were other category of workers.

Industrially the district is not so well advanced. Govt of India have declared it as a No Industry District (NID). There are Industrial Estate at Bhadrak. The Chief Industries in the district constitute a charge chrome plant, Facor Power Ltd. and Dhamara Port Company . The other Rice Mills, Saw Mills, Fly Ash Bricks, Ice factory, Package Drinking Water Factory , Bakery, Fabrication and plastic Industries etc. The labourers engaged in agriculture, construction and maintenance work are spread over the centre district. The workers in urban areas engaged in

94 various factories, corporation and commercial establishments are able to protect their interest through their organizational set-up such as, trade unions, associations etc. The workers in rural areas are devoid of such facilities.

Most of the Central and the State Labour Acts and rules extend to this district. A list of such acts is furnished in Appendix-I of this chapter. These legislations mainly aim at securing the interests of the labourers and workers in different spheres of their activity, safeguarding their exploitation in different forms at the hands of their employers and maintaining peaceful, congenial and harmonious relationship between the employers and the employees in the Industrials field. Proper Implementation of these Acts chiefly devoles on the labour organizations and associations functioning in the district. Besides, 27100 nos. of construction workers of the district have been registered OB&OCWW Board, Bhubaneswar. Out of which 4665 nos. of eligible registered construction workers have been extended financial benefits to the extent of the Rest. 1,68,37,580/- and provided 1582 nos. of bicycle under OB&OCWW Board, Bhubaneswar.

Appendix-I

LABOUR LAWS

Sl Name of the Act. No. 1 The Beedi and Cigar workers( Condition of Employment) act, 1966 2 The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)Act, 1986 3 The Cine-workers and Cinema Theatre workers (Regulation of employment)act, 1981 4 The Contract Labour(Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 5 The Employees Provident funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 6 The Employees State Insurance act. 1948 7 The Equal remuneration Act,1948 8 The Equal Factories Act, 1948 9 The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 10 The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 11 The Inter-State Migrant Workmen(Regulation of Employment and condition of service) 12 The Maternity benefit Act, 1961 13 The Mines act, 1952 14 The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 15 The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 16 The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 17 The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 18 The Payment of wages Act. 1936 19 The sales promotion Employees (condition of service) Act, 1976 20 The Trade Unions Act, 1926 21 The Orissa Industrial Employment (National & Festival) Holidays Act, 1942 22 The working Journalists and other Newspapers Employees (conditions of service0 and Miscellaneous provisions Act, 1955

23 The Workmens compensations Act, 1923 24 The Building and other construction workers workers (regulation of Employment and conditions of service) Act, 1996 25 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana Scheme

INDUSTRIALIZATION, DISPLACEMENT AND REHABILITATION

Dhamara Port Project, Bhadrak

Situated between Haldia and Paradip, the port is well sheltered between the main land and the Kanika sands island on the North of the mouth of river Dhamra. The location of Dhamra is in close proximity to the mineral hinterland of India viz. Odisha-Jharkhand-Chhatisgarh-West Bengal. The deep draft of Dhamra Port and the fully electrified railway line for cargo transportation, connecting Dhamra with the main Howrah-Chennai line at Bhadrak has made it today the most cost-effective and efficient port in the eastern cost of India.

Going back to the history, Dhamra is one of the most ancient ports of India. Also known as Kanika Port, Dhamra had been a prosperous oceanic trading centre in the medieval period (late 15th – 18th Century) and Point Palmiras on southern side of the Dhamra river mouth was one of the most important international navigational landmarks of that time. A multitude of commercial vessels of the king of Kanika were plying on the Indian ocean doing periodic trading through this port.

However, the port limits of Dhamra were officially notified as far back as 1931. After independence, Dhamra continued to be recognized as a minor port of Orissa. The existing port was identified by the Government of Orissa for development into a modern deep port based on a pre-feasibility study done by RITES. During the year 1997 Government of Odisha invited M/s

International Seaports Private Limited (ISPL) to explore and evaluate the possibilities of expanding the minor port at Dhamra with modern contemporary facilities. After a site visit and preliminary discussions/evaluation, Dhamra port was selected for further expansion.

It was followed by signing of an MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) between ISPL and the Government of Odisha on 31st March 1997 for the expansion and development of the existing port of Dhamra on Built Own Operate Share and Transfer (BOOST) basis.

ISPL signed the concession agreement with the Government of Odisha on April 2, 1998, thereby heralding a new era in infrastructure development in the port sector of the country in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode. The Concession Agreement was for a period of 34 years, including 4 years for construction of the port.

The plan was to develop Dhamra port as a most modern all weather, deep-water port, capable of handling all the latest vessels efficiently and cost effectively on global standard norms. Development of a suitable road and rail system linking the port with the national network was also considered a vital and integral part of the project. However, in the middle of the project, ISPL had withdrawn its participation from this project due to certain reasons. This had resulted in suspension of activities.

In the year 2005, a joint venture company formed in the name of Dhamra Port Company Limited (DPCL) with 50-50 partnership of Larsen & Toubro Limited and Tata steels limited had taken up the port project and activities of land acquisition and other formalities for the port and rail link project resumed.

Land Acquisition

 Total Land Acquired for Railway Corridor from Bhadrak to Dhamara - Ac.2094.00 74 villages Bhadrak Tahasil- 13 Villages- Ac.546.17 dec. Tihidi Tahasil- 28 Villages- Ac.571.47 dec. Chandabali Tahasil- 33 Villages- Ac.976.36 dec. 3 Tahasil 74 Villages Ac.2094.00 dec.

 Alienation of Govt. Land

Already sanctioned and delivered possession for Port Area Ac.741.61 & Railway Corridor Ac.134.11.

REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT

Sl. Category No. Total No. of Total no. of No. of family No. Original extended displaced Shifted from Family family persons the acquired displaced land.

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 No. of families considered 125 194 319 319 as R & R benefit.

2. Private Encroachers 39 0 39 39

3. Govt. Encroachers 31 0 31 31

Grand Total: 195 194 389 389

EMPLOYMENT

 As per decision taken in the 4th RPDAC meeting held on 26.09.2012, it is decided to provide one time cash assistance in lieu of employment as per different categories of Displaced families of the project as per guide line issued by Revenue & Disaster Management Deptt. Resolution No.31780/R&DM dated:10.07.2012.

 Out of 125 original displaced families ,the Dhamra Port Company Limited has provided employment to 74 candidates, and rest families have opted to receive One Time Cash Assistance in lieu of employment. Rest are not willing to receive one time

cash assistance as per category. They are demanding Category-1 which comes to Rs.7,47,000/- per displaced family

For Phase-I, DPCL has constructed two fully mechanized berths of 350 meters each along with backup facilities for handling imports of coking coal, steam/thermal coal, limestone and export of iron ore. Phase-I also includes a 62 kilometers rail link from Dhamra to Bhadrak/Ranital Link Cabin. The master plan of the Port envisages 15 berths, capable of handling more than 100 million MT per annum of dry bulk, liquid bulk, break bulk, containerized and general cargo. The cargo handling plant has been designed to achieve discharge rates of over 50,000 MT/day for coal and load rates of over 40,000 MT/day for iron ore. The Bulk Material Handling System is also capable of loading rakes in 1.25 hours and unloading fully loaded rakes in 3 hours.

Equipped with state-of-the-art technology and a conducive business environment, Dhamra Port has been accredited as the biggest and most efficient Port in the East Coast of India.

In September 2010, the port received its first cargo vessel, an Australian ship bringing 45,000 tonnes of coking coal to supply Tata Steel's Jamshedpur plant on trial basis. Commercial operations of Phase – I commenced on 6th May, 2011.

DPCL has constructed a 18 meter deep and 18 km long channel into the sea, which facilitates smooth arrival and berthing of cape-size and super cape-size vessels. This is made Dhamra Port one among the deepest ports in the country.

On March 2014, the port received biggest cargo vessel among the ports in India named Macau Mineral carrying 1,94,073 tonnes of coal from the Richards Bay Coal Terminal, South Africa. The Dhamra Port became first among the ports in India to berth a parcel size vessel of 2,07,785 DWT (dead weight tonnage). Till now over 650 number of bigger vessels have berthed at the Dhamra Port carrying dry bulk cargo , such as coal and lime stone. There is also facility for export of iron ore.

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Also recently Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) has signed a pact with Odisha government, Paradip Port and Dhamra Port to develop commercially viable stretches of National Waterway 5.

Dhamra Port has been doing various activities under its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy to enrich people's life in the area/periphery in every possible way. To provide better health services in the port periphery area, the Dhamra Port Company Ltd has established a health Centre in Dosinga village which is catering to a population over 50,000 in eight panchayats in the port project periphery. Apart from three full-time doctors, the health centre has nursing, other para-medical staff and health workers. In order to empower the rural youths and make them at par with their counterparts in big cities and sub-urbs, DPCL has launched a computer literacy programme at Dosinga, Dhamra with several other education oriented programmes to spread literacy in the port periphery area. The port has set up an English Medium School in its premises to provide better education facility in and around the locality. To promote local Art and Culture DPCL has been participating and contributing to local festivals like Boita Bandan Festival, Maa Dhamarai Festival etc.

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Glimpses of Boita Bandana Festival at Dhamra.

HOTEL & HOSPITALITY INDUSTRIES OF BHADRAK DISTRICT Important accommodation facilities created in the District both Government and Private is given below:- Sl No. Name of the Hotel Location Telephone No. 1 Hotel Abhinandan Station Bazar, Bhadrak 06784-230509 2 Hotel Tarini Continental Charampa, Bhadrak 06784-230894 3 Hotel Sampark By-pass, Bhadrak 06784-250585 4 Hotel Dixit Resort Motel Chhak, Bhadrak 06784-240174 5 Hotel Blue Vine Rajghat , Bhadrak 06784-251727 6 Hotel Orion Neheru Stadium, Bhadrak 06784-242825 7 Hotel Shagun Station Road, Bhadrak 06784-230453 8 Salandi Guest House Rajghat, Bhadrak 06784-250808 9 Circuit House DRDA Road, Bonth 06784-242300 Chhak, Bhadrak 10 Hotel Jasmine Jyoti Basudevpur, Bhadrak 11 Hotel Golden Anchor Dhamra 12 Aranya Nivas, OTDC Chandabali, Bhadrak 06786-220379 13 Hotel Galaxy Lodge Aradi, Bhadrak 14 Akhandalamani Atithi, Aradi, Bhadrak Bhawan, 15 Panthasala Aradi, Bhadrak 16 DFC Hotel Dhamra

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CHAPTER-VI BANKING, TRADE AND COMMERCE

Evolution of Banking Trade & Commerce

The village money-lenders, namely, Sahukars and the Mahajans constituted the main bulk of the indigenous bankers for several generations. They played a conspicuous role in the rural economy and were the only agency engaged in providing agricultural finance. The village money-lenders were lending money to the needy people at an exorbitant rate of interest differed from place to place. They lend money against pledge of gold and / or silver ornaments, land, household utensils, agricultural implements or standing crop in the field. The crop in the field was usually bought by the money-lender himself during the harvest time at a nominal rate and the price was adjusted against the loan including the interest. The Kabuliwallas were also found lending money to the poor village folk as well as the workers in the industrial area. Sometimes lands were advance clandestinely and dubious ways of collection of arrears were adopted by the money-lenders. General credit facilities available The uneconomic holdings, insecurity of crops and concentration of land in the hands of a few were mainly responsible for indebtedness among the agricultural population. Indebtedness An economic survey conducted by the Government of Odisha in 1654-55 reveals the indebtedness of the cultivating families only. Nevertheless, since those families constitute the overwhelming majority, the condition with regard to the debt will be a broad picture of the state of rural indebtedness. Besides, the survey took into account only those loans which remained un-discharged at the time of survey. Loans which were fully paid during the year of survey were not taken into account. The survey indicated that debts were incurred for family consumption which accounted for 27.73 per cent. To meet the expenditure on social ceremonies and litigation, 39.20 per cent of the total debt were incurred. These were responsible for 66.93 per cent of the total debt of the

103 farmers which were noticeably burdensome. Of the total debt, 22.57 per cent were incurred for various productive purpose, of which

5.11 per cent accounted for expenditure on cultivation, 8.51 per cent for purchase of land and bullock, 8.86 per cent for house building , and 0.09 per cent for investment in business. As regards the source of credit, the chief source was the money-lenders. The date showed that 92.60 per cent of the total amount of debt were obtained from money-lenders, some of them were professional and some others, agriculturists or zamindars. On certain occasions, some farmers secured loans either from Government on the plea of land improvement under the Land

Improvement Loans Act , 1883 or for agricultural purposes under the Agriculturists Loans Act 1884. This constituted only 7.40 per cent and were mostly used for consumption or for social purposes like marriage, etc. Loans were incurred not only in cash but also in kind and the interest charged by one money-lender from the same debtor in respect of loans in cash and in kind was also different. The date revealed 98.24 per cent and 1.76 per cent of the total debt were incurred in cash and in kind respectively. On the total loan 27.22 per cent carried 25 per cent and 8.97 per cent carried 37.5 per cent rate of interest. 31.88 per cent of the loans carried interest rates at 3.5 per cent, but there were 6.5 per cent and 9.5 per cent loans from Government agencies, co-operative societies and banks. 6.74 per cent of the loans carried 50 per cent and above rate of interest, 6.52 per cent carried no interests which were usually lent out by friends and relatives for short time. In the meantime more than three decades have passed and there has been a considerable change in credit facilities in the district. So in the present, context the role of private financing has almost been replaced by institutional financing.

Role of private money-lenders In recent years there has been considerable growth in the number of cooperative credit societies and banks. The influence of private money-lenders has not totally waned in the district. The money-lenders charge higher rate of interest but still they are approached because, firstly, they are easily approachable; secondly, borrowers do not have to undergo any red-tapism;

104 thirdly, they sometimes advance loans without any security. So borrowers have no fear of attachment of property. The money-lenders of the district may be classified into rural and urban, professional & non-professional. The distinction between rural & urban money-lenders is based purely on their areas of operation. As regards the difference between a professional and non-professional money-lender, the former primarily combines his business with other trade, whereas the latter who are land-owners and affluent persons lend money on good security to those who are fairly known to them. The private money-lenders & financiers still supply a sizable portion of rural credit. Their oppressive character is not very different from that of their counterparts. But they operate now under severe restrictions imposed by the Odisha Money-lenders Act, 1939 as amended. The Odisha Money-lenders is required to register himself and obtain a licence for carrying business. He is also required to maintain regular account books and to deliver statement of accounts to the licensing authority. The rate of interest on different types of loans has been legally fixed, such as, simple interest of 9 per cent per annum in case of secured loan and up to 12 per cent per annum in case of unsecured loan. A money-lender is punishable with imprisonment or pecuniary fine or both in case of default. The law provides that the total amount including the principal loan and interest thereon shall not exceed twice the amount of loan taken.

All possessory mortgages now stand discharged after expiry of a period of seven years from the date of mortgage and the money-lenders has deliver back all mortgaged land within a period of three months from the date of expiry of the period of seven years. Violation of the provision of this law attracts penalty of imprisonment up to one year and fine up to Rs. 1,000. The offence is triable by the Sub-Collector and not by the Judiciary. As a measure of liquidation of rural indebtedness the State Government have also enacted. “The Odisha Debt Relief Act, 1980” in order to extend the benefit to small and marginal farmers whose land is not more than one standard acre and the landless agricultural labourer and the rural artisans whose total annual income does not exceed Rs. 2,400. This Act came into force with effect from 13.3.1981. this contains provision to the effect that every debt incurred by scheduled debtors before 13.3.1981 including the principal and the interest, if any payable on such date shall be deemed to have been wholly discharged and no civil Court shall institute any suit or proceedings against them for recovery of debt and interest. All suits and proceedings pending or the recovery of t6he same

105 shall abate. Besides every property pledged by a scheduled debtor shall stand discharged in favour of such debtor, and the creditor shall be bound to return the same to the debtor forthwith. The Odisha (Scheduled Areas) Money-lenders Regulation 1967 was brought into force with effect from 1st November, 1969 in order to control and regulate the business of money- lending in the scheduled Areas of the state. This contains provision similar to those contained in the Odisha Money-lenders Act which went under extensive amendment in 1975. As a positive measure, the Government have amended the Odisha Co-operative Societies Act, so that people can avail loans easily. Paddy loan is advanced under Crop Loan System” to be agriculturists at the time of their need. Moreover, the commercial banks have come up to render credit assistance to the agriculturists, manufacturers, businessmen, and others for productive purpose at a low rate of interest which has forced the private money-lenders to be somewhat moderate in their demand. It is difficult to give any reliable statistics regarding number and volume of business of the money-lenders. There are many private money-lenders carrying on business without a licence. In 1985, there were 21 registered money-lenders who advanced a total loan of Rs. 3,49,955 to the borrowers in the district.

Nationalised Bank , their Operation & Present Position. As a positive measure to reach the rural poor for their loan requirement banks were nationalized in 1969 as a result of which the requirement of rural poor could be fulfilled. In Bhadrak district there are 17 nationalized banks with 82 branches spread over 7 blocks of the district. Up to 31st March-2015 their total deposit is around 2448 crores and total advance is around 939 crores. Most notable banks are SBI, UCO, UBI, PNB, CBI, Dena Bank , Allahabad Bank etc. Private Bank There are five private sector banks with seven branches in the district. Their deposit is around 229 crores and advance is around 148 crores up to 31.03.2015.

Cooperative credit and Cooperative Bank Cooperative credit plays a pivotal role in strengthening farmers. Since the villages in the district are primarily agrarian in nature, farmers have easy opportunity to avail advances for

106 agricultural purpose. Besides, the cooperative banks are now compatible to the small and marginal farmers. These banks also safeguards the interest of the farmers by offering alluring interest rates on their deposits which is sometimes higher than the Nationalised Banks. The cooperative sector offers services to its member farmers by the PACS located every remote place in the district. The PACS in addition to providing banking services also takes part in paddy procurement and their by offering and easy marketing opportunity to the poor farmers at MSP. The different components of the cooperative sector in the district is given below.  No. of cooperative banks 10  No. Of PACS 108  Total KCC issued 175000  Total SHGs 4673  Investment target for Kharif 370 Crores  Achievement till 15.08.1995 288.68 Crores  Farm sector finance during 2015-2016 51219000/-  Non-farm sector finance during 2015-2016 29554000/-  ST loan recovery 85.00%  Finance made to 3820 SHGs 358503000/-  Finance made to 2562 Joint Liability Group 129526000/-  Total deposit 488.38 Crores  Total advances 507.12 Crores  Total business 951.02 Crores  Market share 16.37  Paddy procure during 2014-2015 from 40690 farmers-1746956.59 Qtl. SHGs Total No. 4673 SHGs are operatives in the district. SHG programme is implemented guidance of the NRLM in the district. In the financial year 2014-15, there were proposal of 4500 linkage programs out of which 3820 proposals were sanctioned by different banks of the district. Samanwaya Mela is being organized Block wise for interface meet between bankers and WSHGs in each quarter for a branch or group of branches. In order to sensitize and orient bankers on NRLM guidelines on SHG bank linkage, workshops are being organised in district level.

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Life Insurance LIC Branch of Bhadrak started functioning in the year 1982. It has to satellite Office. 1.Chandbali (11 Nov.2008) 2.Basudevpur(5 Sept.2011) No. of Employees in those Offices are 74 No. of agents 1280 No. of Policie(2014-15) 34547 First year Premium(2014-15) 3182 Lakhs No of Policies Serviced 3.5 Lakhs Maturity Claim Paid(2014-15) 5774 Nos(2310 Lakhs) 23.10 Crores Survival Benefit(2014-15) 20000 Nos(2143 Lakhs)21.43 Crores Death Claim Paid(2014-15) 484 Nos(404 Laks) 4.04 Crores Position of the Branch in Policies 1st in East Central Zone, Patna 4th in all India. Chief Manager, Bhadrak Branch General Insurance Corporation of India Four General Insurance Companies. Viz., the Oriental Insurance Company Ltd., the National Insurance Company Ltd. The United India Insurance Company Ltd., and the New India Assurance Company Ltd., is functioning in this district. These companies are doing insurance on fire, burglary, automobiles, etc.

PMJDY The Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojana which is recently launched is a quite success in Bhadrak district. In the 2nd phase of the said Yojana three more social security Yojanas were launched by the Government of India namely Prime Minister Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, Prime Minister Surakshya Bima Yojana and Atal Pension Yojana which are being implemented in the district by different banks and insurance companies in the district.

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The MUDRA scheme which is very recently launched is to be operational in the district very soon Crop insurance is done regularly in the district. Previously it was done by LDM, Balasore, from this year onwards it is will be from LDM office, Bhadrak. district very soon Trade & Commerce

Pre-independence Period When the British finally conquered Odisha, the only trade worthy of name was an export trade, chiefly in rice and salt. Three different kinds of craft chiefly frequented export and import trade, viz., Maldive Vessels, which brought cowries, coconuts, coral and dried-fish, and took back rice and earthen pots; the ships which carried salt to Calcutta; and ships, at Kantai & Huguli, which only came in the cold season and carried rice to Calcutta. The Raja of Kanika independently carried on trade in rice with Calcutta. A large number of swine and cattle found their way by land routes to the Calcutta market. In course of time the export trade lost its former importance and began to decline. In 1813, the Collector of the district reported that “the only articles exported were rice & little salt (about rupees there lakhs and that the trade was hardly known even by name. The internal trade was limited to the supply of rice and other articles of everyday use to the towns, and the mutual exchange of surplus produce and articles of home manufacture at the rural marketing centres of hats in the interior. The Britishers had done some justice in opening up roads, canals and port facilities in the district. The port facilities at Chandbali, was developed. This opened up for the local produce in the out-side markets. The chief items of export were salt, sugar, European piece goods, cotton, yarn, hardware and Indian products, such as gunny-bags, coconut oil, spices, ghee, drugs and rare cotton. The principal export item was rice, which in favourable seasons was despatched in enormous quantities, by sea, canal and railway. Other exports were hides, jute, oil-seeds, timber and stoneware. A Considerable quantity of the grain exported came from the Garhjats, and several traders from Bhadrak visited Nilagiri and Mayurbhanj and purchased the crops upon the fields. Rice was shipped over sea to Ceylon and Mauritius. But with these exceptions, trade, both import and export, was carried on chiefly with Calcutta and Madres. The year 1905-06 witnessed an expansion of the sea-borne trade. The total import value was Rs.28.5 lakhs and the total export value for the same period was Rs33.5 lakhs.

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Besides Chandbali, which was the chief centres of the sea-borne trade, there were monor ports at on the Odisha Coast Canal. A small export trade was also carried on at Talpada, Inchudi and a few other villages along the coast canal, at Chrakhai on a tidal creek connecting with the near Jankunda. But the bulk of the local trade was carried on at various hats or markets scattered throughout the interior. The introduction of railway however transformed the whole system of internal and external trade. The trade centres gradually grew-up around the railway stations. The sea-borne trade came to a sharp decline giving place to railways.

Post-independence Period

Trade and commerce in the district mainly agro based, forest-based. Bhadrak is the principal towns and rail-heads which control mostly the trade of the district. The chief exports of the district are paddy, rice, jute, fish dried fish, oil-seeds and stoneware. Rice and dried fish are mostly despatched to markets in Calcutta. Rice is also exported to the neighbouring districts. The important commodities imported are, wheat, sugar fertilisers , grocery, iron and steel goods, agricultural implements, drugs, engineering products, cement, kerosene oil petrol, cloth, ready-made garments, electrical goods, spices, automobiles , utensils, etc. Trade Centre The chief commercial centres of the district is Bhadrak, Chandbali, Randia, Dhamnagar, Agarpada.

Bhadrak Bhadrak is the District headquarters . the National Highway No.5. & East Coast Railway is joints Bhadrak within other parts of the State & the Counling . There are many wholesalers and retailers. Varieties of shops, both permanent and temporary, have grown up recently, in different parts of the city. Business in different commodities on a large-scale is carried on daily. The chief business centres are located at Puruna Bazar, Naya Bazar , Charampe Bazar and Kacheri Bazar. Puruna Bazar was the centre of wholesale trade. But after the communal riot the wholesales have shifted to NH.5 side.

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Chandbali During British days Chandbali was the chief centre of sea-borne trade. With the introduction of railway and improvement upon the system of road transportation, chandbali has lost its past glory. However, Chandbali is now an important rural marketing centre of the Tahasil of the same name. it is situated at a distance of 55km from the district headquarters . Bhadrak is its main rail-head. It is connected. There is a market and a few shops which deal in articles of daily necessaries and luxuries. Agarpada Agarpada is an ancient town in Bonth Block in Bhadrak District which offers services to villagers in Bonth and villagers of Hatadihi Block under Keonjhar District and villagers under Khaira of Balasore District. Dhamara Recently Dhamara Port operation. It is connected by rail from Bhadrak. It is a main centre for trading of fish and prawn. Randia A Ferro Alloyes Factory is there at Randia whose products are being exported to different counters which earns foreign currency for the country. Regulated Market Committeeu There are two RMCs in the district namely Bhadrak and Chandbali. Chandbali RMC 1.Name of the Market Committee: Regulated Market Committee, Chandbali, AT/PO-Chandbali Dist-Bhadrak 2. Date of Establishment Govt.Notification No.15594 dtd. 06.05.1961 of Govt. of Odisha Cooperative Department As per Govt. Notification No.15594 dtd. 06.05.1961 the areas covered by Chandbali and Bansada police station of Bhadrak District and Korand, Katana, Trailokpur, Baradhia, Kantapada, Lahuni, Vamanda, Hatasahi, Charapuda Gram Panchayats of Auli Police Station of Kendrapada District.

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Name of the Notified Agricultural Commodities. The following agricultural commodities have been notified for Chandabli market area for proper regulation of purchase & sale. Notification No.- 41311 dtd.29.11.1990- Vegetable, Potato, Onion Notification No. 206117 dtd. 06.12.1989- Jute, Paddy Rice Mug, Bin, Khesiri, Gur, Cattle, sheep, Goat Notification No. 260 dtd. 05.01.1987- Mustard, Groundnut, Tobacco, Banana, Papaya, Fish Corroder, Chillies, Garlic, Tomato, Saru, Sweet Potato, Leaf & Fresh vegetable. Dry fish, crab, prawn, Bamboo, Straw, husk, chukda, sugar cane, mango, chshewnut, sheath, poultry, egg

Bhadrak RMC 1.Name of the Market Committee: Regulated Market Committee, Bhadrak, At/P.O-Salandi By-Pass, Bhadrak 2. Date of Establishment Govt. Notification No.20617 dtd. 30.06.1959 of Govt. of Odisha Cooperative Department 3.Market Area of the R.M.C : The area of operation of Bhadrak R.M.C is confined to 6(six) Block namely Tihidi, Dhamnagar, Bonth, Bhadaripokhari Basudevpur, Bhadrak and long with Bhadrak Municipality area, Basudevpur Municipality. Area and Dhamnagar N.A.C area in the Revenue District of Bhadrak Name of the Market Yard: Main Market Yard is more than 23.00 Acres avail for construction. There are many construction work under construction such as:- 2 nos. of 500 M.T. Godown at Main Market Yard, Bhadrak has been completed. 3 nos. of 1000M.T. Godown Main Market Yard , Bhadrak under progress.

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NAME OF THE SUB MARKET YARD:- The following weekly market have been declared as Sub-Market Yard. Tihidi G.P. Market Arnapala g.P. Market Asurali G.P. Market Pirahat G.P. Market Sahidnagar G.P Market Palia Bindha G.P. Market Palasahi G.P. Market Sabaranga G.P. Market.

Weights & Measures This office was created in the district of Bhadrak vide Order No. 11859, dt.21.07.14 of food Supplies and Consumer Welfare Department, Odisha, Bhubaneswar being concurred by F.D-UOR No. 370/Ac & F dt. 21.01.20141. Date of function of Office:-12.05.2015 Jurisdiction :-Bhadrak District

Act & Rules followed by Department:- i. The Legal Metrology Act 2009 ii. The Legal Metrology(General)Rules 2011. iii. The Legal Metrology(Numeration) Rules 2011 iv. The Legal Metrology(National Standards)Rules 2011 v. The Indian Institutes of Legal Metrology Rule2011 vi. The Legal Metrology(Approval of Models) Rules2011 vii. The Legal Metrology(Packaged Commodities)Rules2011 viii.. the Odisha Legal Metrology (enforcement)Rule2011

Aims & Objectives:-  To eradicate use of non-standard weight & measures and to introduce standard ones in their place.  To enforce the prescribed standards of weights and measures

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 To detect violations of provisions of law by defaulters and initiate legal action against them.  In the process of above, to collect revenue in shape of stamping fees, compounding fees etc. to augment resource of the State.  Enforcement of packaged commodities.  Verification and stamping of weights, measures, weighing and measuring instruments.  Recommendation for issue of license to repairers, dealers and manufactures of weights and measures to directorate of Legal Metrology , Odisha, Bhubaneswar.  Recommendation to issue packer registration certificate to packers to Directorate of Legal Metrology , Odisha, Bhubaneswar.  Organisation of Mobile Courts and surprise raids.  To achievement of target revenue fixed by the Controller Legal Metrology, Odisha, Bhubaneswar.  Implement instruction issued by directorate of Legal Metrology, Odisha, Bhubaneswar & District Collector, Bhadrak.

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CHAPTER-VII

COMMUNICATIONS

The progress and prosperity of the country depends upon the facilities of communication. Roads, railways, airways, water ways and sea routs, play a vital role in this regard. From early times, people of this District used to visit pilgrim centres like Gaya of Bihar. Birajakhetra at Jajpur and Sreekhhetra at puri to offer ‘pinda’ obligations to their forefathers. In the middle of the Eleventh Century,the route from Gangas to Puri as depicited by Sri Padmashree Paramananda Acharya.In the year 1510 Sri Chaitanya came from Bengal,he decided to spend his last days at Puri in adoration of Lord Jagannath.He came to Puri by passing,Jaleswar, Amarda, Remuna, Soro, Bhadrak, Dhamnagar, Jajpur,Gopinathpur, Choudwar ,Cuttack, satyabhamapur, Chandanpur and reached Puri.In the year 1660 Van Dew Broke,a scholar of England prepared a map citing Jagannath,Cuttack,Bhadrak and Balasore. Throughout the district ,there were no roads in modern sense of the world in existence. What were called roads were merely fair weather cart tracks without Bridges. Great Odisha Trunk Road connecting Kolkota with Puri was constructed via Balasore, Bhadrak, Jagatpur by passing Dhamnagar & Jajpur.Poor people made pilgrimage on foot where as rich people in bullock cart/horse driven cart and palinkis to great temple of Lord Jagannath at Puri.At the time of East India Company Chandbali & Dhamara port were functional. These ports had trade link with the Port of Kolkata,Madras,Bombay,Srilanka and Laskhadeep etc. After construction of Howarh, Madras line of railway which was opened to traffic in the year 1899 from Kharagpur to Cuttack and from Cuttack to Waltair in the year 1893 and Waltair to Madras in the year 1897 brought a vast change in the field of pilgrimage, higher education, trade and commerce. Even through Ports were functional due to lack of roads and railway facilities those were defunct in later years.

Roads in modern times

Prior to independence, most of the roads were unmetalled and unbridged and were negotiable only in fair weather, In course of time, demand for more and better roads increased. For breaking age-old isolation of many areas of the district which were mostly inaccessible, construction of roads and development of road were considered sine qua non.To accelerate this, large amounts were earmarked and spent on the development of roads in the successive plan

115 periods. At present the district is served by National Highways (NH), State Highways (SH),Major District Roads (MDR),Other District Roads (ODR) and Rural Roads.

The length of roads according to category surface classification in Bhadrak district is given below as on 31st March 2015.

Category of roads Length in kilometres National Highways ------40km State Highways ------167.22km Major District Roads ------70.65km Other District Roads ------169.12km Rural Roads ------589.54km PMGSY Road ------919.00km ------Total ------1955.53

National Highways The Kolkata-Madras National Highway No. 5 passes through the district. It was constructed in the year 1962. The total length of the road in the District id 40Km. The N.H. is four line. It start near Ranital and ends at Akuapada. The following main roads end in N.H.

1- Chhatabar Manjuri 2- Dhamnagar-N.H.S 3- Bhadrak- Bonth- anandapur 4- Bhadrak – Akhandalamani 5- Bhadrak- Chandbali 6- Jamjhadi- Dhamara

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State Highways 1-The State Highway (SH) No. 9 starts from Bhadrak by-pass and terminates at Chandbali. On its way to Chandbali it passes through Ichhapur, Tihidi, Pirahat and Motto. The entire length of the road is 50.49 Km. The road is motorable throughout the Year. 2-Bhadrak-Barpada-Bonth-Basantia SH-23 - 25Km. 3- Bhadrak-Kothar-Aradi-SH-35 - 36.50 Km. 4-Jamjhadi-Basudevpur-Dhamara - 53.47Km. Major District Roads

There are 8 Major District Roads (MDR) in the district. The total length of these roads as on 31st March 2015 is 70.65 entire road have black topped surface . Details about the Major District Roads as shown below. Sl.No. Name of the road Length in kilometres (1) (2) (3) 1. Ichhapur-Basudevpur road (MDR-7) 24.15 2. B.K.B.M road (MDR-8 B) 18.11 3. Old Bhadrak –Banth road (MDR-73) 19.72 4. Barikpur- Dhamnagar Road 8.66 5. OLD N.H. passing Bhadrak town 3.40 6. Bhadrak Bye pass Road 2.81 7. Satt Road Anantapur-Basudevpur 7.00 8. Agarpada-Baulmines 4.32 Other District Roads The number of Other District Roads in the district is 30.The total length of these roads as on 31st March 2015 was 169.12. All are Black topped Road. Rural works Deptt. Construct & maintain road, bridges and buildings in rural areas. There are two R.W Divisions in Bhadrak district. As on 31.03.2015 there are 90 Roads with 589.54km.Out of which 295.00km. B.T. 37.00km. mettals,17 km morum 58 km. Subbase 188km.C.C Road. PMGSY 259 roads with length of 919 km. for providing all weather connection to 600 villages. Division also does RIDF (NABARD) bridge, Biju Setu Jojana,buildings of different Deptt. under Rural works Deptt.

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Panchayat Samiti Roads In addition to NH, SH, MDR, ODR, CVR, Municipality/Notified Area Council and Forest Department roads, the Panchayat Samitis and Gram panchayats also maintain roads. These roads are maintained by the grants received from the department of the State Government. There are 7 Panchyat Samitis in Bhadrak district.These Samitis maintains 225km. Roads as per status on March 2015.

Vehicles and Conveyances The bullock-cart was played a very prominent role in economic life of the people,especially in the country-side where it provided the most economical means of transport of goods and passengers. Chhela an unique system of transporation found in rural areas in the district. It is made of gunny bags having two pockets on opposite sides mounted on the back of bullock.The back is protected by a spongy cotton cover to carry the load comfortably. It is usually used by the farmers to carry manures, seeds and harvested crops. This mode of transporation was prevalent even where no road system exits. Palanquins (palki) are seen sometimes in the rural areas for carrying passengers, patients, bride and bridegrooms. Cycles are seen in every nook and corner of the district but cycle-rickshaws are mainly found in urban and semi–urban areas. Other vehicles in operation in the District are motor-cycles, scooters, trucks, taxis, cars, jeeps, buses and auto-rickshaws. The Regional Transport officer, Bhadrak is the licensing, registering and taxation authority in respect of motor vehicles of the district. The strength of different categories of motor vehicles till 14-15 is given below:

1 Moped: 2837 2 Scooter: 1013 3 Motor-cycle: 70265 4 Auto Rickshaw: 1950 5 Jeep, Land, Rover, Station, Wagon etc.: 1477 6 Car: 324 7 Taxi: 40 8 Contract carriage, Bus: 39 9 Stage carriage: 297

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10 Good Vehicle: 803 11 Petrol and water carrier: 21 12 Tractor (Com.): 3865 13 Trailer: 1689 14 Miscellaneous: 24 Total: 84644 Public Transport:

The district is provided with a network of bus services. It starts mostly from Balasore and Bhadrak and offering cheap means of communication facilities to almost every place not only within the district but also to other places in the adjoining districts. The Odisha state Road Transport started functioning with an Assistant Station Master as head of the office in Bhadrak keeping in view of the demand of the public the office was elevated fully fledged station. But due to loss, the OSRTC closed all services in the district. Private Bus services started its functioning in all routes within the district as well as inter district routes and inter-state routes. Buses start connecting to Kolkata, Bhubaneswar, Karanjia, ,Cuttack ,Baripada, Sambalpur,Jharsuguda,Keonjhar,Sundargarh ,Bolangir etc.Like wise Bus, services to Rourkelan, Tata area also found in inter-state route. Deluxe AC Buses, Deluxe Buses, Express and ordinary buses are plying in inter district and inter –state routes. Fares and Freights: Fares and Freights effective from 04/06/2015 are given below. Category of vehicles Rate of fares per person per KM 1 2 Ordinary Bus 61 Paisa Express Bus 64 Paisa Deluxe Bus 86 Paisa AC Deluxe Bus 107 Paisa

The maximum rate of freight is 5 paise per 20 kilograms per kilometre subject to the free luggage facility to 15 kilograms of luggage per passenger.

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Railways;- The district is served by the Howrah-madras railway lines of the East Cost railway. Description of each of the railway lines is given below. Howrah-Madras line The Howrah-Madras line of the East Cost Railway passes through the district in a North- south direction. The Kharagpur-Cuttack section of the main line was opened to traffic in 1899 and the Cuttack-Waltair Section between 1893 and 1897 .Waltair to Madras was. However opened prior to that. The length of broad gauge double line in District 80 K.Ms. The line enters the district near Ranital and leaves the district at a short distance from Manjri Road. There are 6 stations namely, Bhadrak,Ranital,Baudpur Kapaliroad,Kenduapda and Manjuriroad. One new railway line is functioning from Bhadrak to Dhamara. Now only goods trains run from Bhadrak to Dhamara and back carrying raw materials like Coal/Iron ore ,rice etc. Water ways;- Bhadrak was neither linked by rail nor by good road with other parts of the country before 1899. It was, however connected with maritime places inside and outside the country through its ports which had a very thriving trade in the past.. Its long coastline extending over 50 K.Ms had ancient ports and a number of minor ports having extensive maritime trade with Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, Laccadive, Maldive islands, Ceylon and Mauritius. The adventurous trading people of Orissa brought glory and prosperity to their land in the past.

Ports;- Ports mentioned by O”Malley have lost their importance, Chudamani a small port near Basudevpur is active to some extent. Fishing facility is available in Dhamara, Government have taken steps to develop these places. As a result, these two have become fishing ports. Details are given below. Dhamra Port;- Dhamara harbour is situated in Lat 20.48”N and long. 86.54”E on the northern bank of the river Dhamara. A 48 K.Ms all weather road has been constructed connecting Dhamara with Basudevpur ,Dhamara is now 110 K.Ms by road from Balesore and 86 K.M from Bhadrak. Dhamara is 24 K.Ms downstream of Chandabali. The river Dhamara meets the sea at Chandinipal which is 7 K.Ms down stream of the harbour . The channels leading to the sea from

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Dhamara have a minimum of 3 metres depth at the lowest tide up to the short’s and Wheeler islands which are situated about 20 K.Ms from Dhamara. Beyond the short’s and Wheeler Islands the sea is dep. The rivers most used for purpose of navigation are the Dhamara and the Baitarani which connect Chandabali with the sea,, but along the Baitarani, Traffic is mainly confined to the low tidal reaches., in the hot weather the upper reaches are very shallow, and the small depth of water allows only small boats to ply along them. Further north, the metal , a river which connects with the Coast canal at Charibatia and then flows into the Dhamara at its junction with the Baitarani, is a good navigable channel affording communication between the Coast Canal and Chandabali and also with Cuttack. It is a tidal river as far as Rukunadeipur, 8 miles east of Bhadrak up to which point it is navigated by numerous country boats carrying goods to and from Chandabali. Neither the Salandi,however , nor the Rabo and Kapali carry any volume of water in the hot weather above the village of Kanpura half way between Bhadrak and Chandabali up to that place they are tidal and country boats ply to and from Chandabali at all seasons of the year, while there is also a considerable amount of traffic in Bhadrak which lies on the Salandi. The district has retained the navigation system. But the volume of passengers and good traffic in the rivers has decline to a great extent due to development of railway and road way. The High level canal was constructed in 1871-79. It runs between Akhuapada and Bhadrak. On the way it passes through Bhandaripokhari. The length of this canal is 26-794 K.Ms Presently navigation facilities is suspended. It is maintained by the Executive Engineer, Jajpur Irrigation Division, Jajpur . The length of Salandi Canal is 473 kilo-meters which includes length of main canal, branch canal, distributary and minor canal. The staring point of canal is Bidyadharpur and the ending point is Basudevpur. It touches important places like Bidyadharpur, Sanakumari, Bhadrak, Basudevpur and Tihidi on the way. The year of construction of the canal is 1964.The canals are not navigable. The Salandi Canal Division, Bhadrak is maintaining the canal . Boats and Ferry Services The Boats and power boats are plying in ferry Ghats in Bhadrak District. Bridges Prior to independence most of the roads in the district were unabridged. This was a great bottle-neck in the development of road transport. After independence, along with the

121 construction of roads, large amount was spent for the construction of bridges. As a result almost all the important roads in the district are now bridged .More bridges are under construction. SH 144 nos MDR 196 ODR 332 Travel and Tourist Facilities;- The state Government maintain at different places in the district three types of rest houses viz Circuit House- a rest-house of the first category. Inspection Bunglow –a rest house of the second category and rest shed- a rest-house of the third category. Lodging facilities are provided mainly for Officers of various Goverment department touring the district in the course of their duties. Some of these are opened to the public but preference is given to Ministers /M.Ps/M.L.As and Government employees on duty. 1. Circuit House,Bhadrak - Revenue 2. Inspection Bungalow,Bhadrak - Irrigation 3. Inspection Bungalow,Akhuapada- N.H. 4 .I.B.,Barikpur- N.H. 5. I.B.Bhadrak P.W.D. 6. I.B.,Tihidi P.W.D. 7. I.B.Sabaranga- P.W.D. 8. I.B.Bonth P.W.D. 9. I.B.Chandabali P.W.D. 10.Rest Shed ,Matto- Revenue 11.Rest shed,Gadi- Revenue 12.Rest shed,Basudevpur- Revenue Due to rise in private managed good hotel and transport system except circuit House and Inspection bungalow at Bhadrak all are found not so worthy for use. Bhadrak has no star Hotels but good hotels are available namely Orion, Blue Vine, Sampark and Dixit Resorts. Dharmasalas and Sarai in villages and town are the old-time houses where a traveller could rest for a temporary period.. But Dharmasalas are not found in Bhadrak District. Only one Musafirkhana or Sarai is seen at Goladia in chandabali Police Station. It is attached to the Mazar of Hezrat Sayed Ahmed Saheb. It consists of four rooms

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where travellers coming to visit the Mazar stay. This Mazar attracts a large number of people throughout the year especially during the URS celebration in December every year .Now a days such institutions have lost their importance as a number of hotels and lodgings with modern amenities are available in the district. POST AND TELEGRAPH;- The total number of Post office in Bhadrak postal Division as on 31st March-2015 are given below. Sl. No. Status of Post-Offices Bhadrak Head Post-Office. 1. Head office- 1 2. Departmental Sub-post office- 49 3. Branch Post-offices- 265 4. Speed post office Service- 50 5. Instant money order Service- 16 TOTAL- 315 Area population and number of villages served by the Bhadrak postal divisions are given as per 1981 Census. 1.Area of postal Division 2.786.9 Sq.Km. 2.Population of Postal Division- 8.95.081 3.Total No. of villages in the postal division- 1.377 4.Frequency of delivery All villages served daily. 5.Average area served per post office- 8.09Sq.Km 6.Average population served per post-office- 2.215 Pin Code;- The postal index Number scheme, called PIN code in short, was introduced by the posts and telegraphs Department on 15thAugust 1972 .Under the scheme every Head Post office and Sub-post office which delivers mail has been allotted an individual six digit number. The Branch post offices use the number allotted to their parent account office. In a country with diverse languages and scripts, the introduction of the digital code has a easy the problem of sorting mail by sorters. Further there are several different towns in this country having the name. The addition of the PIN code after the address enables the sorter to identify the destination correctly, thereby eliminating chances of miss ending and consequent delay in receiving the articles. This has reduced the delay in transmission and hastened delivery.

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The PIN code digits from left to right progressively pin point and locate the geographical position of the post office. The country has been divided into eight different Zones. The first digit indicates the Zone. The first three taken together indicate the sorting unit under which the office falls. The last three specify the particular delivery post office under the sorting unit. Thus first three digit 756 is allotted to the Balesore and Bhadrak district. PIN code of Bhadrak Head Post Office is 756100. Telephones;- There are 5 telephone exchanges in the district. All the important places of the district are connected with trunk lines, Bhadrak, the District Headquarters is linked with important places of the state. No. of Fixed Line No. Of PCO No. Of Mobile No. Of Broad band subscribers Connection 4832 21 NA 1057

After entry of private Telephone Company BSNL has lost his glory and its consumers. Instead of Land Line Cell phones are abundantly used by all. Telephone is not restricted to family. It has gone to Father, Mother, Sons, and Daughters with one or more each. Two STD Codes are found for Bhadrak District-06784, 06782 Telegraph: After induct of Mobile Phone, FAX & E-Mail the glory of Telegraph has lost. The use of old Telegraph system is not found in Post Office.

FAX and Telex Services: FAX and Telex are available at Bhadrak.

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CHAPTER- VIII

Economic trends

District Domestic Product-its Composition and Trends

Bhadrak is essentially an agricultural district. Majority of people are dependent on agriculture. The coastal habitation in Basudevpur and Chandabali earn their livelihood from fishing. Though there were some flourishing trades during the pre Maratha period. It was affected due to incessant Maratha Raids. We find that the Rickets Canal was made principally to afford a ready means of transport for the salt from the Arangs or salt lands in the south of the port Churamani and further north up to Hijili. The finest salt of India says Stirling, was manufactured in Odisha and particularly in this district. The district was also famous for preparing Mats of three kinds called Hensa, Chatai and Patia. In the Census of 1901, it was observed that nearly 79 per cent of the people were supported by agriculture of which 31 per cent were actual workers.

The General Level of Prices

Generally food grains become cheaper immediately after harvest and dearer before harvest. Prices are also lower or higher depending on the volume of production. The rise of prices of the principal produce contributed materially to the prosperity of the agriculturists.

Pre-Independence Period

During the later half of the 19th century, the cost of essential commodities increased even more than the rate of wages and the price of rice, the staple food of the people, rose enormously. The highest increase took place after 1866, the Grate Famine (Na’anka) of Odisha, and it is indeed a common saying that the high prices which commenced during the famine have never left the land.

L.S.S.O. Malley in Balasore Gazetteer mentions the following price of rice in Seers* per rupee (excluding the ex-state).

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Price of rice in seers per Period rupee 1837-51 - 49.8 1852-66 - 42.7 1867-81 - 24.8 1882-96 - 19.8 1897-1905 - 17.7 ______

*1 Seer = 0.933,10 Kilogram

During the period 1900-05, price was not affected much by the opening of the railway in 1899 in the district. The district had already been opened out by the canal system to a brisk export trade in rice by sea. The effect of railway on the general trade of the district and its potential value as a means of making prices independent of local demands were, however, unquestionable. There was a great increase in the price of other agricultural produce, of pulses, Ghee and tobacco. But on the other hand, cotton-yarn and oil were cheaper while there had been little change in the cost of sugar and betel-nut. The average price of salt fell due to the reduction of the duty and improved facilities of communications. It is noticed from the report on the Revision Settlement of Odisha (1922-32) by W.W. Dalziel, that the movements in the price of rice showed a rhythmical rise and fall between 1900 to 1930 with an up ward movement on the whole. He has mentioned that “ Expressed in terms of Seer to the rupee the average price rose to 15 in 1901, steadily dropped in the next 3 years to 20 in 1904, rose sharply to 10 between 1904 and 1907, dropped again to 5 in 1910 and 1911, rose between 1911 and 1915 to 9, dropped to 13 in 1917 and 1918. It again rose very highly to 7 in 1919 and 6 in 1920. This was the highest point reached. There was another 3 years decline to 12 in 1923, followed by recovery to 8 in 1924 and 1925. This level was maintained in 1926 and 1927 but it dropped again to 10 in 1928 and 1929 and to 12 in 1930. Then came the serious slump when the price dropped right down to 16 ½ in 1931, reaching 18 in November of that year. The comparatively high peak reached in 1907 and 1908 can be attributed to floods in Odisha and famine in north India. The normal rise in 1919 and 1920 was probably due to improvement of world markets after the 1st World War, while the floods of 1920 also contributed. The price seems then to have reached to more normal level until a series of flood

126 years in 1925 to 1927 caused another rise. The recent remarkable drop is of course a world-wide phenomenon to which many factors have contributed.

Post-Independence Period In 1947, the price of food-grains rose and the harvest price of rice, sugarcane and rape and mustard was 2.980 kg.. and 1.490 kg. per rupee respectively. It was thought at first that this sharp rise might be only a temporary phase, but the prices started stabilizing at the high level without any prospect of recession. However, the rise prices during the decade 1951-60 was not as drastic as in the decade 1941-50. But the common man was hit hard because of the increase in the price index in this decade, through comparatively small, came on the top of the price spiral of the decade preceding, the cumulative affect of which was enough to brake the economic backbone of the middle and the lower middle class people. With the launching of the third Five Year plan (April, 1961 to March, 1966) the price level rose further and in 1961, the retail price of rice, wheat, ragi, green-gram, gram, black –gram, arhar and salt were 2.3 kg., 2.10kg., 1.9 kg., 1.15kg., 2.5kg., 1.6kg. and 8.5 kg., per rupee respectively. In the next year, the price of rice, wheat, green-gram, gram, black –gram, arhar and salt were 1.8 kg., 2.5kg., 1.2 kg., 1.5kg., 1.8kg., 1.6kg. ,1.3kg. and 7.1kg., per rupee respectively. In 1963, the price of wheat, green-gram and salt remained constant while the price of rice, ragi, gram, black-gram and arhar fluctuated slightly. In between 1964-70, the prices of all commodities grew higher still and in 1970 the retail price of rice, wheat, black-gram, green-gram, mustard oil, potato and onion per rupee was 1kg., 1.12 kg., 0.890 kg., 0.870kg., 0.250kg., 2kg. and 2 kg. respectively. Ordinary cloth was available at Rs. 1.46 per meter. The price of all commodities rapidly grew higher in 1974 and in the month of February, 1974 rice, wheat, gram and arhar where sold at 0.500 kg., 0.720kg., 0.360kg. and 0.340 kg. per rupee respectively. Kerosene oil was available at Rs. 1.11 per litre. Ordinary cloth was available at Rs. 3.56 per meter. At present people have been hard hit due to rise in prices and it is becoming difficult for lower and middle class people to make both ends meet.

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Standard of Living Pre-Independence Period The salt trade with Bengal brought some prosperity to the district. The district also exported annually about seven and a half lakh maunds of salt to the Sulkia Golas in Kolkata. The Ponga salt of Balasore was specially popular in Bengal. The people of Balasore Town primarily depended upon the salt department for their livelihood and maintenance. This is the evident from the fact that the number of persons employed in the salt head office exceeded the total number of employees in the rest of the Government offices of the town. The salt office was always full of activity. A flourishing trade with Bengal had brought affluence at that time to the people of Balasore in particular and to province of Odisha in general. This prosperity lasted till the salt from Great Britain came to Bengal in keen competition with the Odisha salt. The import of foreign salt was backed by political influence from Britain with subsequent encouragement from the Government. Imported salt completely displaced the salt from Odisha in the markets in Kolakata. Subsequently the Odisha salt was displaced from its own local market inside the province. The disappearance of the salt trade led to a serious economic distress throughout the district. The poor masses of this flood stricken district lost their prime source of maintenance. The economic condition of the middle class people also deteriorated on this account. Even the zamindars with their share in the salt trade who had prospered during hay-day of this trade, were eliminated from the field of commerce following the destruction of the salt trade. In course of years this discontent manifested in the shape of an agitation against the salt policy of the Government culminating in the Salt Satyagraha of 1930. In the final report of survey and settlement of the province of Odisha (1890 to 1900 A.D.) by S.L. Maddox, the general standard of living has been described as follows. The Odia cultivator is content with very little and that he generally gets. A full meal of rice once a day, taken with a little salt, some pluses or vegetables, and perhaps fish, suffices him, and he eats cold in the morning what is left over his evening repast. Animal food is a luxury, but well-to-do men eat a little mutton and goat flesh, and all classes eat game whenever they help their luck to kill any. The poorest classes take to supplement their rice, boiled kulthi and mandia, cakes and find a substitute for vegetables in the many herbs and grasses that grow wild and it is very few indeed who cannot fill their bellies with food which if not appetizing is certainly satisfying. If the harvest fails or supplies run short, the cultivator finds in the mahajan a banker always ready to advance money on good security in spite of their indebtedness the agricultural classes had more

128 resources than any other people. However, the economics status of the cultivating classes as a whole cannot be said to be one of plenty, though certain sections enjoy the fair major of prosperity. The labourer in the villages were benefitted by the rise in the prices of food grains, as wages were paid mainly in kind.

Writing in the early part of the 20th century, L.S.S.O’ Malley described the materials condition of the cultivators of the district stating that, “the houses of the cultivators consists of four mudwalls enclosing a court, and used as the gables of little room which lying the court inside. A person generally a verandah outside the wall on both sides of the principal door for receiving strangers, and as a place where the men of the family talk and lounge. Sometimes, but rarely, the cow-shed is built outside the walls. The mud enclosure stands in the middle of a bright green patch of vegetables, and the whole is shut in with a good fence of prickly shrubs. Towards the twenties, the traditional style of living for each of the main classes continued, and there was no appreciable change in the standard of living, though a tendency towards spurious luxury was noticeable in some of the poorer classes. The trade and commerce of the district was mainly in the hands of the outsiders. Social and religious ceremonies continued to be as numerous and indispensable as ever and there was no tendency for reducing the expenditure on them. Debts were incurred more for this purpose than for agricultural operations but no statistics are available to differentiate between loans incurred for one or the other. With the advent of railway the produce of the district was finding its way quickly into larger markets. After out-break of the Second World War in 1939, prices rose steeply. Rising prices definitely tell upon the standard of living. Those of the low-income group and the fixed income group, suffered the most. In 1932, the paddy crop was damaged by flood. This was followed by a destructive cyclone accompanied by heavy rain on the 16th October 1942. Many trees were uprooted. Houses collapsed. In the next year, the autumn and winter paddy crops were damaged due to the inadequate rainfall. In 1944, a strong easterly wind caused saline inundation of crops in the coastal areas of the district. There were high floods in the rivers of Baitarani, Salandi. The course of the river is erratic and its action deposits in some places and in others silt, so that the cultivation varies from year to year. All this created heavy shortage of production of food crops causing rise in price and shortage in supply. Cost of both food and non-food articles had gone up to a level at which it became hard for the majority of the people to make both ends meet.

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POST –INDEPENDENCE PERIOD In a sample survey in 1954-55 investigation was conducted to collect information about the size of the income of rural families. As majority of the population live in rural areas, a broad picture of rural income indicated the average level of income of the district. In this survey the family was taken as a unit and the date revealed that the average annual income per farming family was Rs.675.88. New to the farming families in numerical importance, as the house –holds who depends primarily, and many of them wholly, on wages by working on farms or in non-farm occupations. Their average annual income per family was Rs.142.84 in 1954-55. The date revealed that the level of income of the barbers, washer men and priests was around Rs.200 a year. This clearly indicates that the families pursuing these occupations belong to the low income group.

Paddy, maize, pulses, oil-seeds and vegetables are grown in the district in plenty. Fish from Chandabali, Dhamara, Chudamani & Kasia is being exported to the Calcutta market. With the nationalization of banks, people have been benefited by availability of cash loans of productive and self –employment purposes. A number of branch offices of the commercial bank including Gramya Banks are coming up to every nook and corner of the District. Since then many schemes like RDA, RDP, DRDA, DRFP ,,R & EGP twenty point programmes have been implemented to uplift the standard of living of the people.

Wage Payment System and Wage Rate for Different Categories of Workers

In the district workers are being paid more than minimum wages. There are four categories of workers i.e. un-skilled, semi-skilled and highly-skilled.

Minimum Wages System

The minimum wages Act, 1948 came into force with effect from 15th March 1948. Through it is a Central Act, both the Central Government and State Government are fixing/ revising the minimum rate of wages in respect of the workers employed in different occupation included in the scheduled of this Act. From time to time the Central Govt. and the State Govt. are making new addition to the existing schedule employments to cover more workers employed in different types of employments. In the state sector, the district Labour Officer with his capacity

130 as the inspector under various labour laws safeguards the interests of the labourers ensures enforcement of the provisions of the said Act.

The change in the rate of minimum wages from time to time is furnished below.

Categories of Workers Minimum wages per day in Rs.(year are given in bracket) A. Agriculture (2007) Rs. (2009) Rs. (2012) Rs. (2015) Rs. 1. Unskilled 70/- 90/- 126/- 200/- 2. Semi Skilled 80/- 103/- (non ploughing) 220/- 3. Skilled 90/- 116/- 150/- 240/- 4.Highly skilled 100/- 129/- (ploughing) 260/- B. Non- Agriculture 1. Unskilled 70/- 90/- 150/- 200/- 2. Semi Skilled 80/- 103/- 170/- 220/- 3. Skilled 90/- 116/- 190/- 240/- 4.Highly skilled 100/- 129/- 205/- 260/-

Employment and Unemployed Situation in the District;- Employment Potential:

In the year 1992 Bhadrak was separated from Balasore district. Before separation one Special Employment Exchange was functioning in Bhadrak. It was converted to District Employment Exchange in the year 1992. Since the District Employment Exchange is working effectively. The District Employment Exchange operation in different pockets of the district carryout the job of Registration, Submission, Placement and Vocational Guidance, along with collection and completion of Employment Market Information Data, interpretation of Statistical data and verification of records of Establishment under the provisions of Employment Exchange compulsory notification of vacancies Act 1959 and Rule 1960.

Government of Odisha has created State Employment Mission that seeks to create synergy in various development sectors in terms of skill development of youths and linkage of employment opportunities. The Missions principal task is to formulate sector and trade specific

131 strategies for specialized skill trainings in order to maximize employment opportunities on a sustainable basis in the District supported and private sectors. To fulfill these objectives the Mission seeks to work in close coordination with National Skill Development Mission. A Skill Development Training Centre for Bhadrak District under Employment Mission will be establish shortly with the cooperation of Bhadrak District Administration for conducting various Placement Linked Training programme to unemployed youths for Bhadrak District.

Unemployed person (Live Register) as on 30.06.2015 of District Employment Exchange, Bhadrak. Male Female Total 22947 9691 32638

Placement from the year 1999 to 2015 Male Female Total 119 52 171

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CHAPTER- I X

(GENERAL AND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION)

GENERAL OVER VIEW

The Bhadrak Sub-Division of the erstwhile Balasore District became a New District on 01.04.1993. This District has a rich heritage and history according to legends. It also derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple stands on the river bank of Salandi. The District

Lies between : Latitude- 20.902 to 22.900 Degree North : Longitude- 86-Degree East to 87 Degree

This district is bounded by Balasore District in the North, Jajpur District and River Baitarani in the South, Keonjhar District in the West and Bay of Bengal and Kendrapada District in the east and area of this district is 2505 Sq. Km.

REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

From the inception of Bhadrak District i.e. 01.04.1993, five Tahasils were existing. Since then two more New Tahasils have been created namely Bonth bifurcated from Bhadrak Tahasil. Subsequently the Tahasil namely Bhandaripokhari was bifurcated from Dhamnagar Tahasil vide Notification No 14913/R&DM dated 29.03.2008 and started functioning from 23.07.2008.

No of Sub Division One No of Tahasil Seven No of R.I. Circle Seventy Five No of Revenue Village 1370 Population of the District 15.06 Lakhs No of Blocks Seven

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No of GPs 193 No of ULBS 02

LAND INFORMATION

Geographical Area 2,70,164 Hect. Cultivable Area 1,76,000 Hect. High land Area 13,617 Hect. ii)Medium Land Area 7,662 Hect. Low land Area 99,723 Hect

LAND UTILISATION PATTERN

Bhadrak District comes under Coastal Plain Zone of Odisha with deltaic formation of River Baitarani and Salandi. This District is divided in to three zones according to its soil condition i.e. Saline Soil, Alluvial Soil and Sandy Soil. This District is naturally divided into two well-designed tracks. The salt tracks along the coasts which is not arable and the arable track, which is called the granary of the state.

TYPE OF LAND AND SOIL

Sl. No. Type of land /Soil Area in Ha. 1 Water logged area 7125 2 Saline Area 20,200 3 Flood Prone area 33,128 4 Alluvial Soil 14,562 5 Sandy Soil 19,146 6 Lateritic Soil 1000 7 Acidic Soil 71,368 8 Forest Area 133

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9 Miscellaneous tree Crops, and mangroves 3,092 10 Cultivable waste 11,020 11 Permanent pasture and other grazing land 11,363 12 Land put to non Agriculture use 26,560 13 Barren and uncultivable waste 899

FOREST LAND Bhadrak District has 97.07 Sq. Kms. forest area out of total geographical area of 2505 Sq. Kms. Mangroves (Bani Pahi) naturally exist along the Bay of Bengal Coast starting from Dhamra in South to Chudamani in north over a length of about 35 Kms and width of 2kms approximately. All these forest are under highly degraded state due to biotic interference. There are 5 types of forests in the Bhadrak district. The details of the same are as follows Type of Forest Area Sq. Kms. Reserve Forests Nil Demarcated Protected Forest 3.96 Un-demarcated Forest 32.98 Un-Classified Forest 0.01 Other Revenue Forests area 60.12 Total 97.07 Sq Kms

KHASMAHAL LAND Khasmahals are those estates which managed directly by Government without intervention of any intermediaries. The Chandabali Khasmahal covering a non-agricultural area at the port site had only 129 holdings under Patadari status with an assessed area as follows. Stitiban Ac. 0.63 Patadari Ac.50.53 A.J.A Ac.95.28 Sarbasadharan Ac. 17.29 Rakhit Ac.14.84 Total Ac.178.57

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BHOODAN LAND In the early part of fifties, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Initiated a movement called Bhoodan Yagna for acquisition of land through voluntary gift with a view to distribute the same to the landless persons. The total extent of land donated is Ac.5448.32 out of which Ac.4806.44 has been distributed leaving a balance of Ac. 641.88 for distribution in respect of Bhadrak District. LAND OF LORD JAGANNATH BIJE, PURI

Sl. Name of the Total extent of land ROR corrected in favour of Balance area to be No. Tahasil recorded in the name of Lord Jagannath Temple corrected. Lord Jagannath Bije, Puri Managing Committee, Puri 1 2 3 4 5 1 Bhadrak 539.21 346.22 192.99 2 Basudevpur 251.22 251.22 0.00 3 Bonth 22.58 22.58 0.00 4 Bhandaripokhari 263.40 91.82 171.58 5 Chandbali 123.07 76.88 46.19 6 Dhamnagar 1490.14 382.81 1107.33 7 Tihidi 79.04 47.75 31.29 Total: - 2768.66 1219.28 1549.38

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Application Forms supplied to Tahasildars for sale & applications submitted in shape of cases records by the Tahasildars. Sl. Name of the Application forms Case records submitted by the Balance application No. Tahasil supplied to Tahasildars for sale of lands of forms with Tahasildars from Lord Jagannath Bije, Puri Tahasildars. District Office 1 2 3 4 5 1 Bhadrak 390 129 261 2 Basudevpur 390 335 55 3 Bonth 40 27 13 4 Bhandaripokhari 250 93 157 5 Chandbali 290 18 272 6 Dhamnagar 400 143 257 7 Tihidi 140 58 82 Total: - 1900 803 1097

SUB-DIVISIONAL LEVEL ADMINISTRATION

The Bhadrak subdivision was one of the subdivisions in Balasore District which was established in the year 1927. After bifurcation of Bhadrak District from original Balasore District Bhadrak Sub-division is the only one subdivision functioning in the district. The Sub-Collector is functioning as head of office assisted by other Gazetted Officers of Odisha Administrative Service and ORS. The subdivision has been divided into seven tahasils viz Bhadrak, Basudevpur, Bonth, Bhandaripokhari, Chandabali, Dhamnagar and Tihidi. There are seven blocks and 193 GP under this Subdivisions. Bhadrak is the head quarters of the district and various offices of both Central and State Govt. and also many sections of Collectorate are located at this end. There are also a number of Central and State Govt. Officers in other parts of the district list of these offices are given below.

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OTHER DISTRICT OFFICES, Offices Located at Bhadrak Govt. Of India Superintendent of Posts and Telegraphs Branch Manager, Life Insurance Corporation Commanding Officer, N.C.C Income Tax Office Assistant Engineer, South Eastern Railway Metrological Office

Govt. of Odisha Sub-Collector Tahasil Office Superintendent of Police Deputy Director, Agriculture Deputy Director, Consolidation of Holdings Executive Engineer, PWD (R&B) Executive Engineer, Irrigation Division Executive Engineer, Lift Irrigation Superintending Engineer, Electrical Executive Engineer, Electrical District & Sessions Judge District Planning Authority Chief District Medical Officer District Treasury Officer District Agriculture Officer Chief Veterinary Officer District Statistical Officer District Employment Office District Health Office District Industrial Centre District Rural Development Agency

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Divisional Forest Office, CSB Division Regional Transport Office Assistant Tourist Office Inspector of Schools District Inspector of Schools Assistant Labour Commissioner Assistant Commissioner, Commercial Taxes

BACK GROUND OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

The history Bhadrak as a separate district comments from the year, 1993 up to which time in had formed a portion of Balasore District under the administration of a single Collector. Therefore, no district records as such previous to that year. Such information as is available regarding revenue history under the Hindu Kings, the Mughals and the Marthatas exhibit few details specially applicable to this district. However, before coming to some accounts of early British settlement it may be necessary to glance cursorily at the earlier revenue systems. HINDU ADMINISTRATION In the time of Hindu Kings of Odisha, the country was broadly divided into two administration divisions, i.e. military fiefs composed of the hilly tracts on the western border together with a strip along the coast on the east and the crown lands consisting of the more fertile alluvial plains running through the centre of the province. The former had been granted to military chiefs by the reigning sovereign on condition that they protected the border and furnished contingencies to the State Army in the time of war. They were regarded as “proprietors” having title of Bhuyan or as translated by the Mughals “Zamindar”. The other more valuable portion of the country comprising the greater part of the present districts of Cuttack, Baleshwar and Puri was regarded as the property of the crown. The rents were collected from the cultivators and paid into the royal treasury by the hereditary officials who were also entrusted with the police administration of the villages under them. The Hindu rules recognized no middle- men between them and their subjects. Every cultivator was in theory bound to pay to the sovereign roughly about 1/6th of the produce of the land. The residents of each village paid their

139 quota to the headmen of the village called Padhan. The unit of collection was the revenue village consisting of a collection of houses and the land, cultivated or waste, attached to it. A group of villages made up the district called Khand or Bisi. The names of some of such fiscal divisions still survive in certain Parganas as Noa-Khand or Derabisi. Over each Khand or Bisi, were the supervising officers, viz, the Khandapati who was charged with general management including control of police and the Bisoi (also called Bhoimul), who was charged with collection of revenue, through both were jointly responsible for the payment to the royal treasury. The others were miscellaneous servants and officials. Each revenue village had also two officials, the Padhan and the Bhoi. It was the job of the Bhoi to check the village accounts. All these officials were in practice though not in theory hereditary. They enjoyed free of all payments a certain share not exceeding 1/20th of the total land revenue under collection and were also allowed to retain some part of the collection as perquisite of their offices. This was the system in the regular provinces of the Hindu kingdom but along the hilly borders and on the scantily populated littoral sea-coast the land was held by the military chiefs who paid tributes to their suzerain and were independent as regards the internal administration of their areas.

MUGHALS ADMINISTRATION The Khandapati and Bisoi who held hereditary office appear to have been confirmed by Todarmal, Akbar’s victorious General who in 1568 annexed the province after it had been over- run and plundered by the Afghans during some 50 years before. Hence forward the Khands and Bisis were called Parganas. The nomenclature of “pargana” as a fiscal division survived the period of Maratha and British administration. The Khandapatis received the title of Choudhury. The Bisois or Bhoimuls became Kanungos. The Padhan became the Makadam and the revenue village was known as Mouza. The Parganas were divided into two or more sub-divisions called Taluks and the officials were known as Talukdars, a name subsequently applied to all Pargana officials. The Parganas were grouped under three main divisions or Sarkars as Cuttack, Bhadrak and Jaleshwar, each of which was in-charge of an Amil or Chief Executive Officer. It was Todarmal who consolidated the Mughal Rule in Odisha. One of his first acts as administrator was a detailed survey and settlement of the crown lands, now called Mughalbandi, taken up in 1580 in all the three Sarkars of Cuttack, Bhadrak and Jaleshwar.

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MARATHA ADMINISTRATION In 1751 Odisha became a Maratha province under the control of a Subedar. The new conquerors made in theory no change in the fiscal organization and recognized people whom they found to be in possession of land without asking inconvenient questions. Bhadrak was one of the three Chakalas or circles under Balesore District and other two being Soro & Balesore. These were again subdivided into 150 Parganas each of which included a varying number of Taluks. The revenue administration of the whole area was entrusted to 32 officers called Amils. Each Amil was responsible for the revenue of each Chakala and he was assisted by a Sadar Kanungo under whom there were Gumastas also known as Villyati Kanungos, who made the muffasil collections.

(i) EARLY BRITISH ADMINISTRATION:- When the British conquered Orissa in 180 3it comprised an area of 8085 sq. miles(20940 sq. km). It was divided into two districts viz. Cuttack and Puri(The Revenue Administration of Baleswar excluding Nilagiri ex-state, finally acquired its present dimension in 1870 when northern boundary was defined and the Baitarani and Dhamara rivers were made the southern limits of erstwhile undivided Baleswar. No revenue documents worth the name were obtainable from the officials of Maratha Govt. except certain Jamabandi papers or records of assessment.The Kanungos and Patwaries of all informationand other relevant materials about land revenue administration were not only indifferent but also hostile towards the new Government.

Before concurrence of Odisha during the year 1804 i.e Maratha period the people coming under Bhadrak district were in touch with permanent settlement which is enacted by Lord Cornwallis in the year 1793. The system was administered for exploitation of economic, social and other aspects it is roughly denoted that the early British Administration was strenuous its effect on Zamidars and raiyats The people abruptly were in wretched condition under the Britiash period than they had been under the Marathas.The precarious condition of the people emerges due to different reasons like 1. Disorganization of the Administration 2. Severity of assessment

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3. Introduction of Bengal sale laws 4. Natural calamities to which the district was subjected. 5. Promise of a permanent settlement eventually denied.

LAND REVENUE SYSTEM PAST AND PRESENT During the reign of Hindu Rulers no middle-men was there between rulers and their subjects. Every cultivator was bound to pay to the sovereign roughly about 1/6th of the produce of the land. The residents of each village paid their quata to the headman of the village called Padhan. The unit of collection was the revenue village consisting of a collection of houses and the land, cultivated or waste, attached to it. A group of villages made up the district called Khand or Bisi. The names of some of such fiscal divisions still survive in certain Parganas and Noa- Khand or Derabishi. Over each Khand or Bisi, were the supervising officers, viz, the Khandapati who was charged with general management including control of police and the Bisi (also called Bhoimul), who was charged with collection of revenue, though both were jointly responsible for the payment to the royal treasury. The others were miscellaneous servants and officials. Each revenue village had also two officials, the padhan and the Bisi. It was the job of the Bhoi to check the village accounts. All these officials were in practice through not in theory hereditary. They enjoyed free of all payments a certain share not exceeding 1/20th of the total land revenue under collection and were also allowed to retain some part of the collection as perquisite of their offices. This was the system in the regular provinces of the Hindu kingdom but along the hilly borders and on the scantily populated littoral sea coast the land was held by the military chiefs who paid tributes to their suzerain and were independent as regards the internal administration of their areas. During Mughal Administration the Khandapati and Bisoi were kept in charge of provinces. The Khandapati received the title of Choudhury. The Bisoi or Bhoumls became Kanungos. The Padhan became the Makadam and the revenue village was known as Mouza. The Parganas were divided into two or more subdivisions called Taluks and the officials were known as Talukdars, a name subsequently applied to all Pargana officials. The Parganas were grouped under divisions or Sarkars. The divisions were liable to pay the rents and tributes to central ruler status and rent were fixed for each village. At present, the statutory work is bestowed upon the Revenue Inspectors including their teams towards collection of Rent, Cess and Compulsory Basic water rate from the tenants.

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Besides the Revenue Inspectors are also entrusted for Collection of Misc. Revenue like Revenue of Sairat Sources, Assessment and Penalty, Premium and Royalty etc. under immediate control of Tahasildar.

SURVEY AND SETTLEMENT In the beginning there was no law governing principles of rent settlement in Odisha. Rent settlement was done under executive orders of Government. In Maddox settlement, rent settlement was done under section 104 of the Bengal Tenancy Act, 1885. The same provision of law was followed in James settlement. In Dalziel settlement, this was done under section 119 of the Odisha Tenancy Act, 1913. In the first instance the quantum of rent payable by a raiyat was fixed by agreement between the landlord and the tenant at the time of induction of the tenant for cultivation which was determined on the principle of supply and demand. Periodical enhancement in rent was made mainly owing to rise in prices of paddy or in acreage of the holding, both under the Bengal Tenancy Act and also under the Odisha Tenancy Act. The existing rent was presumed to be fair and equitable until the contrary was proved. The rent of a holding was not correlated to the classification/productivity of the land but to its extent. Even during Dalziel settlement the principle approved by Government in 1924 regarding rents of ordinary raiyats was “it will ordinarily be sufficient to impose an enhancement of 25 percent on the rents fixed at the last revenue settlement (Maddox settlement and 12 ½ percent on those fixed in the revision operations James settlement). These enhancements, of course, will be independent of any alteration of area under section 60 of the Odisha Tenancy Act. They will also be liable to modification in the areas subject to injurious inundation”. The fallacy of the procedure was obvious. When a tenancy was created the landlord (proprietor, sub-proprietor or tenure-holder) fixed the initial rent on the basis of several personal land irrelevant factors like amount of Salami paid, social and economic status, personal relationship, etc. It was not, therefore, surprising that lands having more or less the same productivity with the same advantage or disadvantage and situated in the same village were paying different rates of rent to the same landlord. The Odisha Tenancy Act, 1913, no doubt, had prescribed certain procedures for rent settlement. Even then the emphasis was on existing rent and agreement between the parties to be the basis for rent settlement rather than on a rate of rent for each classification of land. No doubt the Act provided for a table of rate to be prepared and applied for fixation of fair and equitable rent of a holding, but that was never applied in practice. This anomaly was not

143 removed until passing of the Odisha Survey and Settlement Act, 1958 which for the first time definite principles regarding settlement of fair and equitable rent on the basis of productivity of land and other relevant factors like of a village, communication and marketing facilities, liable to vicissitudes of seasons, etc. The on-going settlement operations in Bhadrak is being carried on. Since the year 1962 under provisions of this Act. and this will be discussed separately in this chapter. The settlement operation is made for survey preparation of Record of Rights for settlement of rent U/S-36 of servant settlement Act, 1958 just after 30 years of last revision settlement. Notifications bringing different area of the district within the purview of the settlement was issued between the year 1960 and 1979. Baleswar district formed a wing of Baleswar-Mayurbhanj Major Settlement with headquarters at Baripada, with one or two charge officers at Baleswar and Bhadrak district is under the control of Balasore, Mayurbhanj Major Settlement. It took around 10 years for difference stages like Bujharat, attestation, draft publication, objection hearing for final publication and patta distribution. During the current settlement operation, lands have been recorded mainly under four categories: Raiyats land, i.e., lands held by raiyats under Sthitiban status. Government under four Khatas, viz. Abad Jogya Anabadi, Abad Ajogya, Sarbasadharan and Rakshit. Departmental lands, i.e. lands held by different Departments of Government. Bebandobasti i.e., lands vested with Government under the provisions of the Odisha Estates Abolition Act, 1951 (Act. I of 1952) but right, title and interest not yet decided.

LAND REFORMS POSITION IN THE DISTRICT This Act came into force with effect from the 1st October, 1965 except Chapters III and IV. Chapter-III providing for resumption of land from temporary tenants for personal cultivation and for the giving raiyati rights to the irresumable lands to such tenants became effective from the 9th December, 1965. Chapter-IV relating to fixation of ceiling and disposal of ceiling surplus land became effective from the 2nd October, 1973. The main features of the Act as subsequently amended from time to time and its effect on the land tenants in the district are summarized in the following paragraphs:-

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Chapter-II relates to raiyats and the tenants under them. It enumerates the different categories of persons who shall be deemed to be raiyats for the purpose of the Act. In addition to all the persons having right of occupancy, it includes the category of raiyats (where they had no such right under the relevant laws)- a) Persons entitled to acquire right of occupancy in the Khammar lands of the rules in any ex-state and persons holding lands on service tenure under the rules or under any member of his family; b) Temporary lessees in the personal cultivation of lands in vested estates except ‘Char’ and ‘Diara’ and Utbandi land and c) Recorded sub-tenants and under-raiyats except those recorded after the 30th September, 1965 in respect of lands belonging to a person under disability or to a privileged raiyat. In order to acquire the right of a raiyat the temporary lease, the sub-tenant or the under- raiyat, as the case may be, or his successor-in-interest (heritability to such temporary tenant was conceded for the first time by an amendment of the Act. in 1976) has to apply to the Tahasildar for settlement of the land with him within a prescribed period extended from time to time and payment of compensation at the rate of eight hundred rupees per standard acre of land to be paid in five equal installments as may be fixed by the Tahasildar (originally this was fifty percent of the market value). A raiyat or a tenant of a village having no permanent and heritable right in respect of any site on which his dwelling house or farm house stands is entitled to get raiyati right on it or on portion thereof not exceeding 1/5th of an area. 768 such persons have got raiyati rights over 110 acres of homestead lands under this Act up to the 31st December, 1986.

A tenant with temporary right (Bhag-Chasi) shall not be liable to pay more than 1/4th of the gross produce of the land or value there of as produce-rent subject to a maximum of 8, 6, 4, 2 standard maunds of paddy or value thereof respectively for 1st, 2nd 3rd and 4th classes of land. This right has been made heritable (but not transferable) under the Odisha Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1976. The landlord has right to evict such a tenant only if the tenant- a) has used the land in a manner which renders it unit for the purpose of agriculture; or b) has failed to cultivate the land properly or personally; or

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c) has failed to pay or deliver to the landlord the rent within a period of two months from the date by which it becomes payable there being no dispute regarding the quantum of such rent. Besides the tenant shall also cease to have the right to cultivate the land if the landlord is a “person under disability” at the end of the year during which the disability ceases or if the landlord being a privileged raiyat/person under disability ceases to be the landlord. A person under disability is defined as a:- a) widow, unmarried or divorced woman; b) minor; c) person incapable of cultivating by reason of some mental or physical disability; d) a serving member of the Armed Forces; e) a person, the total extent of whose lands held in any capacity does not exceed three standard acres (till 1976 this limit was five standard acres). Chapter-III provides for resumption of land by the landlord for personal cultivation. Protection to temporary tenants from arbitrary eviction had continuously been given since 1948 when the Odisha Tenancy Protection Act was passed. A right to resumption of land for personal cultivation up to seven standard acres was given under the Odisha Tenants Reliefs Act, 1955. But the time allowed for exercising the option was very short. Under the Odisha Land Reforms Act provision was made to the effect that landlord wishing to resume land for personal cultivation should indicate his desire to do so both to the Tahasildar and to the tenants concerned within a specified time. This right of resumption was somewhat restricted in the sense that a landlord was entitled to resume not more than a fixed portion of the land from the tenant. Where the landlord failed to cultivate land personally after resumption, the land would revert to tenant who can acquire raiyati right on payment of compensation. If the tenant does not acquire tenancy right in the resumable land which is not resumed by the landlord on payment of compensation within a specified period the land will revert to the landlord. A tenant was also given similar right to apply for raiyati right on non-resumable land. Besides, the Tahasildars were given suo moto powers to confer raiyati right on tenants, if they failed to apply in time. Bhag-Chas having been prohibited with effect from the 1st October, 1965 except by “whom persons under disability” or by “privileged raiyats”, any to whom land is leased out after the 1st October, 1965 in contravention of the provisions of the Act is entitled to get raiyati right either on application or by suo moto action by the Tahasildar. An extent of 5,865 acres have been settled on raiyati basis

146 in favour of 5,486 tenants till the 31st December, 1986 under Chapter-III of the Odisha Land Reforms Act, but the extent of land resumed in favour of raiyat-landlords for their personal cultivation is not available. Out of 14800 cases instituted, only 13 cases were pending by the 31st December, 1986. Chapter-IV relates to fixation of ceiling and disposal of ceiling surplus lands. As originally enacted, the ceiling was 20 standard acres per person which included within its definition a joint Hindu Mitakshara family. But its operation was stayed as the ceiling limit was considered excessive which would defeat the objective of distributive justice. To prevent transfers of surplus lands in excess of the reduced ceiling to be fixed later, an ordinance was promulgated with effect from 17th August, 1972 prohibiting transfer of lands by owners having more than ten thousand cares. After effecting necessary amendments the amended Act became effective from 2nd October, 1973 in which the ceiling limit was fixed at 10 standard acres for a family of not more than five members. Where a family consists of more than five members the ceiling area will be increased by two standard acres for each member subject to a maximum of 18 standard acres. A family in relation to an individual means the individual, the husband or wife, as the case may be, of such individual, and their children, whether major or minor, but does not include a major married son who as such had separated by partition or otherwise before 26th September, 1970. After determination of ceiling surplus lands in the prescribed manner by filling returns within a prescribed period or suo moto by the Tahasildar, as the case may be, the said land shall vest absolutely in the Government free from all encumbrances. For the vested lands the owners will get certain amount (no compensation) varying from Rs.800/- to 200/- per standard acre depending on the extent of ceiling surplus land to be vested. 70 percent of the ceiling surplus lands will be settled with persons belonging to Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes and 30 percent in favour of others according to a certain order of priority, preference being gives to landless agricultural labourers, up to 7/10 standard acres of land on payment of Salami at the rate of Rs.400/- per acre with effect from 1st November, 1985 on the occasion of first death anniversary of the late Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi. SOURCES OF REVENUE IN THE DISTRICT

The source of revenue is accumulated from various aspects in the district. The Land Revenue like Rent, Cess, CBWR, FWR, Stamp Duty, Registration Fee, Value of Sairat Sources, Royalty Premium etc. are accrued under the control of Revenue & Disaster Management

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Department. Besides, the sources like Motor Vehicle Tax, Commercial Tax, Excise Duty are accrued under the control of Commerce and Transport Department and Excise Department respectively. And also the Water Tax is also collected for use of water by different sectors under the control of Irrigation Department. The detailed demand collection of Land Revenue for last five years in the district is given below:-

Demand, Collection and Balance Statement of the District on Rent, Cess, Nistar Cess, Sairat, Misc. Revenue, CBWR and FWR for the five years 2010-2011 to 2014-2015. Rupees in Lakhs Year Item of Demand Collection Balance Revenue Arrear Curren Total Arrea Curre Total Arre Curre Tota t r nt ar nt l 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2010- Rent 3.61 5.48 9.09 1.75 4.06 5.81 1.86 1.42 3.28 11 17.56 24.36 7.63 17.16 17.1 Cess 41.92 24.79 9.93 7.2 3 Nistar Cess 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.55 54.22 0.30 47.79 12.6 Sairat 60.77 48.09 6.25 6.43 8

Misc. 99.72 108.32 30.37 105.7 71.9 208.04 136.08 69.35 2.61 Revenue 1 6 107.31 125.41 31.64 83.77 117.3 CBWR 232.72 115.41 75.67 41.64 1 FWR 9.95 0.00 9.95 2.86 0.00 2.86 7.09 0.0 7.09

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2011- Rent 3.52 5.48 9.00 2.59 5.14 7.73 0.93 0.34 1.27 12 11.0 Cess 17.14 24.36 41.50 10.90 19.58 30.48 6.24 4.78 2 Nistar Cess 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.5 Sairat 12.68 39.37 52.05 0.19 39.36 39.55 12.49 0.01 0 Misc. 1012.1 1107.5 1011. 1042.8 64.7 95.43 31.70 63.73 1.00 Revenue 5 8 15 5 3 126.3 CBWR 117.30 125.41 242.71 41.23 75.17 116.40 76.07 50.24 1 FWR 7.09 0.00 7.09 1.40 0.00 1.40 5.69 0.00 5.69 2012- Rent 3.62 7.51 11.13 2.32 6.27 8.59 1.30 1.24 2.54 13 24.7 Cess 18.91 33.59 52.50 9.33 18.46 27.79 9.58 15.13 1 Nistar Cess 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.5 Sairat 12.43 82.76 95.19 0.88 82.75 83.63 11.55 0.01 6 Misc. 107.7 79.1 95.14 109.87 205.01 18.15 125.90 76.99 2.12 Revenue 5 1 137.9 CBWR 134.19 124.29 258.48 40.99 79.57 120.56 93.20 44.72 2 FWR 5.89 0.00 5.89 1.05 0.00 1.05 4.84 0.00 4.84 2013- Rent 2.74 7.50 10.24 2.20 7.48 9.68 0.54 0.02 0.56 14 Cess 14.35 27.16 41.51 10.2 22.02 32.22 4.15 5.14 9.29 Nistar Cess 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.7 Sairat 11.12 89.78 100.90 5.53 66.61 72.14 5.59 23.17 6 - Misc. 1014.7 1106.4 1201. 1230.0 - 91.70 28.49 63.21 123.6 Revenue 0 0 58 7 186.9 7 CBWR 132.91 123.30 256.21 42.18 68.38 110.56 90.73 54.92 145.6

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5 FWR 4.67 0.00 4.67 0.50 0.00 0.50 4.17 0.00 4.17 2014- Rent 4.13 10.07 14.20 3.74 9.95 13.69 0.39 0.12 0.51 15 Cess 21.28 29.01 50.29 15.13 25.41 40.54 6.15 3.60 9.75 Nistar Cess 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.1 Sairat 22.66 94.73 117.39 0.11 60.10 60.21 22.55 34.63 8 Misc. 1042.6 1118.9 1371. 1411.9 - 76.27 40.64 35.63 -293 Revenue 8 5 30 4 328.6 117.2 CBWR 145.66 123.30 268.96 61.17 90.51 151.68 84.49 32.79 8 FWR 4.18 0.00 4.18 0.65 0.00 0.65 3.53 0.00 3.53

LAND TENURE SYSTEM AND TENANCY RIGHTS

Interests in the land in the state were made more complicated in the early period of the British and they varied with minor distinction between rights of different classes which led to litigations in various courts. The series of settlements and tenancy legislations have since gone a long way in reducing their number and variety. Prior to the enactment of land reform and tenancy legislations various kinds of interests in land like Zamidars, Lakharaj Baheldars, Maqadam, Padhan, Sarbarakars, Bazyaptidars, Kharidadars,Thani, Chandana,Pahi raiyats,Jagirdars were existing in this district. Primarily, the Tenancy Rights was prevalent for collection of rent since period of Hindu Rulers, Mughal, Emperors, Maratha period and others. The Odisha Tenancy Act has come in to force in the year 1913 to administer the land in question. The system is also presently prevalent for collection of revenue for ultimate source of Govt. General Administration:-

The general administration of the district is looked after by the district administration directly through its field units lie Tahasils& Blocks. The district has only one sub-division. There are seven Blocks and seven Tahasils in this district namely Bhadrak, Basudevpur, Bonth,

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Bhandaripokhari, Tihidi,Dhamnagar&Chandbali. This district administration is being controlled by the Collector and supported by the ADM, Sub-Collector and other district level Officers.

The district Collectorate is situated in the district headquarter which is 70 kms away from the Balasore district. Sub-Collector’s Office is also functioning in the collectorate building, and its establishment is merged with district establishment . Different sections functions in the Collectorate under the control of the Deputy Collectors/Asst. Collectors, like (i) Establishment (ii) Revenue (iii) Election (iv) General &Misc (v) Emergency (vi) Judicial (vii) Development (viii) Land Acquisition (ix) Record Room (x) Audit inspection etc. Besides this the NIC and OSWAN, VC chambers in the Collectorate enables the district administration a regular interfacing with the higher ecology of the organisation.

List of Gazetted Officers in the district as on 31.07.2015 is as follows:-

Sl. No Name of Post Sanctioned Men in Vacancy Strength Position 1 2 3 4 5 1 Collector, Bhadrak 1 1 - 2 A.D.M, Bhadrak 1 1 - 3 Sub-Collector, Bhadrak 1 1 - 4 Addl. Sub-Collector, Bhadrak 1 0 1 5 Deputy Collector, Collectorate, 3 3 0 Bhadrak 6 Asst. Collector, Collectorate, Bhadrak 3 - 3 7 Asst. Collector, Sub-Collector’s 2 1 1 Office, Bhadrak 8 Tahasildars 7 7 0 9 Addl. Tahasildars 10 6 3 10 District Welfare Officer 1 1 1 11 District Small Saving Officer 1 1 0

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12 District Social Welfare Officer 1 1 4 13 District Sports Officer 1 1 - 14 District Panchayat Officer 1 1 - 15 Deputy Director Planning & Statistics 1 1 - (DPMU) 16 Civil Supplies Officer 1 1 - 17 P.A to Collector 1 1 - 18 P.A to ZillaParishad 1 - 1 19 Office Supdt. 1 - 1 20 Child Development Project Officer 8 6 2`

As regards staff position of Non-Gazetted Ministerial, Revenue Field staff as well as Class-IV employees as on 31.07.2015 is as follows.

Sl. No. Category of Post Sanctioned Strength of Men in Position Vacancy the District 1 2 3 4 5 1 Head Clerk 32 30 02 2 Senior Clerk 100 93 07 3 Junior Clerk 81 74 07 4 Revenue 10 06 04 Supervisor 5 R.I 82 69 13 6 A.R.I 72 17 55 7 Amin 30 20 10 8 Senior Steno 3 01 02 9 Junior Steno 2 01 01 10 Driver 19 06 13 11 Class IV 224 176 48

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RECRUITMENTS

After its creation as an independent district , the staff position of Bhadrak district was not encouraging over the years. In order to gear up the Govt. mechanism adequate manpower was required as district as well as field level. As a result following recruitments under the administration control of Collector have been conducted at the district level.

(i) Recruitment for the post of Junior Clerk was conducted in the year, 2011 and 18 successful candidates have been appointed as Junior Clerk in different Tahasils, Blocks and Collectorate under Revenue Administration.

(ii) Registration wing under Revenue administration is an integral part of district administration. Till 2012, there was an acute shortage of ministerial staff in almost all the Sub- Registration offices of Bhadrak district under the administrative control of the ADM-cum- District Registrar. To mitigate the poor staff position, recruitment was conducted for the post of Junior Clerk in 2012 to fill up the vacancies of Junior Clerk in different Sub-Registration Offices. Accordingly recruitment was conducted by the District Administration and 21 successful candidates were posted as Junior Clerk in different Sub-Registration Office of Bhadrak district.

(iii) During 2013, Govt. in R & DM Department have impressed upon for filling up to vacancies of various base level Group-C district cadre posts, like Junior Clerk, RI, Amin & Junior Stenographer on priority basis. Accordingly the District Administration has successfully conducted the recruitment process within the stipulated time frame. Total 33 Junior Clerks, 19 RIs, 10 Amins & 01 Junior Stenographer have been appointed and working in different offices under the administrative control of Collector. As regards result of the recruitment test for the post of ARI could not be punished due to imposition of stay order by the Hon’ble OAT.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RA SCHEME:-

RA Scheme was introduced by the Govt. in 1990 with as objective to mitigate the poor financial condition of the family of deceased Govt. employees, since this district has performed well enough as regards implementation of the Scheme. The district administration endeavors to issue Distress Certificate within a period of 15 days.

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CARRIER PROSPECTUS OF EMPLOYEES

The most important resource in an Organization is the human resource and an effective & efficient Govt. mechanism cannot be thought without considering prospectus of its employees. To provide equal opportunity and growth to the ministerial staffs, Revenue Field staffs as well as Group-D employees, the departmental promotion committee is held each year under the chairmanships of the Collector for consideration of promotion of staffs to higher rank and eligible employees one promoted to the next higher post as per vacancies regularly.

Similarly, to motivate , and to provide better career growth Govt. have introduced RACPS in the year,,2013.Since its incorporation , the Screening Committee constituted under the chairmanship of Collector have sanctioned financial up gradation under RACPS in favour of 100 Group-“C” and 29 Group-“D” employees till date. For successful implementation of RACPS, it is sanctioned twice in a year i.e January and July considering the representations of the staffs.

To provide a identical spark to the carrier of the Group-C employees recommendation in favour of the Group-C staff have been sent to the RDC, Cuttack for the year 2012-13, 2013-14 for consideration for their promotion to the rank of Odisha Revenue Service (ORS) by way of promotion. It is glad to mention that some of the employees of this district have also been promoted to the rank of ORS and regarding their service across the state.

To provide better and quality service to the General Public, It is imperative to plan for capacity building from time to time so as to make every public servant to be competent, qualified and trained enough to tackle the day to day activities and challenges while dealing with various issues of general public. Taking into consideration, the Revenue Officers and other district level Officers of this district are being deputed regularly the Gopabandhu Academy of Administration, Bhubaneswar to participate different training programs. Apart from that Revenue Field staffs like RI, ARI and Amins are also being deputed to RITI, Khalikote, Ganjam and Revenue Training Institute, Bhubaneswar to undergo the training programme each year.

To provide equal growing opportunity to the Job- contract Class-III & Class-IV employees who have been working under the administrative control of Deputy Director (C.H), Bhadrak have been absorbed in their regular establishment of of the Collector time to time as

154 per the instruction of Board of Revenue, Odisha, Cuttack and R & DM Department, Bhubaneswar.

CHAPTER-X LAW AND ORDER, AND JUSTICE

INCIDENCE OF CRIME

This district has come in to existence in the year 1993, i.e. on 1.04.1993 being separated from Balasore district. This district borders to Jajpur, Keonjhar and Balasore districts. Incidence of crime in the district appears to be normal. Sometimes the police are hard pressed to maintain law and order as Bhadrak district is very much sensitive on communal point of view particularly Purunabazar,Bhadrak Town,Bhadrak Rural, Dhamnagar, Tihidi, Dhusuri and BasudevpurPSs where people of minority community are inhabited in large number. It has become communally more sensitive after communal riot in the year 1991. Bhadrak Town is the only town in the state with an even population ratio of both Hindu and Muslim communities. The houses of both the communities are embedded in each location in Purunabazar area. In the year 1991 as many as 14 human lives were lost in the communal riot and property to the tune of crores of both the communities were torched and damaged otherwise. Even a small petty matter unless attended by police promptly, could lead to communal situation. After 1991, no major communal event took place in this district due to strict vigilance of district police and elaborate police arrangement on various festive occasions. Large scale deployments are being made during celebration of festivals of either community to avert any untoward incident.

In accordance with Regulation IV, 1804 and Regulation XIII, 1805, four Thanas( police stations) were established in the district of Balasore on the 1st May, 1806 with jurisdiction over a number of neighboring villages out of which Bhadrak was one of them. Later on one more Thana was established at Chudamani in Bhadrak district. In the Thana there was one Daroga with a monthly salary of Rs 25/- and he was being assisted by one Moharir who was getting Rs 10/- per month. Under the Daroga there was an Jamadar on Rs 8/- per month, and 10 Burkanadazes each were getting Rs 4/- per month.

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The Magistrate was the controlling officer of the police but in fact the Daroga enjoyed absolute power as the Magistrate had no authority to punish the Daroga directly. The Daroga was punished only by the Nizamat Adalat. The system of police thus introduced by the British tended to be irresponsible and tyrannical and the Darogas and Jamadars being practically unchecked indulged in corruption and deliberate atrocities.

There was police reforms and accordingly a civil police force for the district was sanctioned comprising a Superintendent of Police and his subordinate. In the year 1906, four police stations namely Bhadrak, Basudevpur, Chandbali and Dhamnagarin Bhadrak Sub- Division started functioning with two independent out post namely Bonth under Bhadrak and Akhuapada under Dhamnagar.

ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP OF POLICE ADMINISTRATION: Presently Bhadrak district is headed by Superintendent of Police, Bhadrak, who is being assisted by one Addl. S.P. two DSP , three SDPOs and field staff such as Inspectors, Sub- inspectors, ASI, CI Havildar and OR Constables. There were 12 Police Stations in the beginning and presently there are 17 Police Stations. Special Energy PS started functioning in the year 2008 vide Notification No-47514/D&A Dt.23.10.2008. Purunabazar PS and Dhamara- Marine PS started functioning in the year 2009 vide Notification No-10490/ D& A Dt.25.02.2009 and 10559/D&A Dt.25.02.2009 respectively. Similarly Chuadamani Marine PS and Kasia Marine PS started functioning in the year 2014 vide Notification No-27086/ D&A Dt.17.07.2014 and 27099/D&A Dt.17.07.2014 respectively. This year the post of SDPO Dhamnagar has been created vide Notification No-17926/ D&A Dt.2.06.2015. This district has been divided into three Police Sub-Divisions i.e. Bhadrak, Chandabali & Dhamnagar for better policing with 17 Police Stations and 12 Out Posts. Police Sub-Division,Bhadrak:-

Name of Sub- Sl. Name of PS Name of Outposts Division No.

B H A D R A K 01 Bhadrak Town PS Charampa OP

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Salandi TOP

02 Purunabazar PS -

03 Bhadrak Rural PS Kenduapada OP

Sabrang OP

Gujidarada OP

04 Basudevpur PS -

05 Naikanidihi PS -

06 Special Energy PS, Bhadrak -

07 Kasia Marine PS -

08 Chudamani Marine PS -

Police Sub-Division,Chandabali:-

Name of Sub- Sl. Name of PS Name of Outposts Division No.

CHANDABALI 01 Tihidi PS Pirahat OP

02 Chandbali PS Matto OP

03 Bansada PS Ghanteswar OP

Karanjamal OP

Dhamara OP

04 Marine PS Dhamara -

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Police Sub-Division,Dhamnagar:-

Name of Sub- Sl. Name of PS Name of Outposts Division No.

DHAMNAGAR 01 Bonth PS -

02 Agarapada PS -

03 Dhusuri PS Aradi OP

04 Dhamnagar PS -

05 Bhandaripokhari PS Manjuriroad OP

C R I M E

Crime in Bhadrak District is increasing day by day and a comparative chart of Crime under different heads is furnished below (for the year 2005 to 2014):-

Yea Murde Dacoi Rubbe Burgla Theft Swindlin Rioti Rap MV Mis Tota r r ty ry ry g ng e acciden c. l t

2005 14 03 16 61 101 34 34 37 162 1723 2185

2006 31 05 16 61 98 40 31 46 170 1549 2047

2007 21 08 23 59 68 31 35 42 191 1639 2119

2008 34 08 23 68 107 46 36 58 181 1866 2427

2009 29 01 12 71 134 61 32 46 215 1888 2489

2010 25 01 20 48 134 38 32 33 190 1923 2444

2011 38 05 20 81 155 78 29 26 190 2169 2791

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2012 33 10 17 81 174 86 20 60 184 2476 3093

2013 28 12 24 93 142 75 16 77 215 2885 3567

2014 39 03 25 99 222 85 45 63 214 2936 3731

Ordinary Reserve

The ordinary Reserve Police is maintained at Police Stations and Out Post. Maintenance of law and order in their respective area is the chief function of this force. They perform night patrolling in towns and villages and keep watchful eyes on the incoming and outgoing strangers in the local areas. The staffs also proceed to the spots where any crime such as dacoit, burglary, theft, accidents, etc. is reported.

Armed Reserved

The armed Police Reserve is functioning under the control of Reserve Inspector of Police who is assisted by Sergeants, and Havildar Majors. The Armed Reserve provides necessary help to the ordinary Reserve when the latter fails to tackle the situation. Maintenance of internal security and restoration of law and order, escort for Arms, ammunition and the prisoners, safe guarding of treasury and banks and other vital institutions are the main functions of the staff. They also help public during the time of natural calamities. They are kept at important places as striking force to meet emergency duties.

Court Staff

For the purpose of prosecution of Police cases and maintenance of Malkhana, Police Staff were posted at the Court.Prior to separation of Balasore district Police Court was functioning at Bhadrak. Presently four Police Courts are functioning at Bhadrak, Basudevpur, Chandbali and Dhamnagar.

Home Guards.

The sanctioned post of HGs is 400 and present strength of Home Guards of Bhadrak District is 275. They are being deployed for law and order duty, regulation of traffic and assist general police as and when required. They are being deputed for trainings such as Basic Training, Refreshers Training and Advance Course Training. After Training they are being

159 utilized for various purposes such as crowed control, traffic guard, maintenance of law and order and internal security and guarding of vital installations. Besides, they are deputed for night patrol duty and anti dacoity patrol duty with the Police force as and when necessary.

Wireless

The H.F. Station at Bhadrak started functioning since 9th March 1964. There is one VHF Control room at Bhadrak. All the Police Stations have been connected with VHFs except 04 stations namely Dhamara Marine, Chudamani Marine, Kasia Marine, and Special Energy PS Bhadrak which have been created recently. The function of these Stations is mainly to receive and transmit Messages relating to law and order situations Crime and criminal positions, situations such as natural calamities, and other disturbance like communal, antisocial, Political etc. for immediate attention and action.

Intelligence Staff

District Intelligence Bureau is functioning at Bhadrak. One Dy.S.P., one Sub-inspector, and four constables have been posted for collection of information pertaining to law and order situation, Political Organization and their activities, labor problems and trade unions and their activities.

Vigilance

Three Vigilance squads were functioning in Balasore District since 1st March 1961 out of which Bhadrak squad was stationed at Bhadrak. The Vigilance squad of Bhadrak has been upgraded to Vigilance Unit with one D.S.P., One Inspector, and three Constables. The staff are under the overall administrative control of S.P. Vigilance Balasore. The duties of the officers are to collect intelligence and to take up enquires and investigations against employees working under Govt. and local bodies. They also investigate cases pertaining to bribery, defalcation of public funds, cheating etc. including. Cases relating to prevention of or detection of leakage of public Revenue and evasion of commercial taxes. Besides various control orders dealing with cases of hoarding, profiteering and black marketing of essential and control commodities are also enforced by the establishment.

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Railway Police

Prior to separation of Bhadrak District, there was one Railway Out Post at Bhadrak which has been upgraded to Police Station on 1st January 1985. The jurisdiction of the Police Station extends from Ranital to JajpurKeonjhar road under Jajpur District. The sanctioned strength of Bhadrak Railway Police Station is SI-1, ASI-5, Havildar-1 and Constable-5. There is one Out Post at Jajpur with ASI-1 and Constables-6. The Railway Police Station is under the control of Superintendent of Railway Police with Headquarters at Cuttack.

Fire Service

There was only one Fie Station at Bhadrak since 1956. At present the number of Fire Stations in Bhadrak District has been increased to eight. Besides Bhadrak Fire Stations, 7 other Fire Station are functioning at Chandbali, Gadi, Dhamara, Basudevpur, Agarpada, Bhandaripokhari and Dhamanagar.

Village Police

Chaukidary system was prevalent in the District before independence. The primary duty of the Chaukidars was to report cases of birth and death and other offences committed in their local jurisdiction to the concern Police Stations. They used to attend parade once in a week. The sanction strength of Chaukidars known as GramaRakhis of Bhadrak District is 650 while the present strength is 437. Presently their getting remuneration of Rs 1250/- per month.

CONTACT DETAILS OF POLICE OFFICERS

Superintendent of Police, Bhadrak-06784-242035(O), FAX/RES.-240120

Addl.S.P.Bhadrak-06784-240280

Dy. SP D.I.B.Bhadrak-06784-250028(O)

Dy. SP H.R.P.C.Bhadrak-06784-240536(O)

S.D.P.O.Bhadrak-06784-251084

S.D.P.O.Chandabali-06786-220264

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R.O.Bhadrak-06784-230200

Bhadrak Town PS- 06784-250434(100)

Purunabazar PS-06784-250737

Bhadrak Rural PS-06784-250451

Basudevpur PS-06784-271228

Naikanidihi PS-06786-212026

Bonth PS-06784-163130

Agarapada PS-06784-262725

Dhusuri PS-06786-231134

Dhamnagar PS-06786-230337

Bhandaripokhari PS-86786-232561

Tihidi PS-06784-274421

Chandbali PS-06786-220233

Bansada PS-06786-293609

E-MAIL OF S.P.BHADRAK

[email protected]

JAIL AND JAIL ADMINISTRATION, PRISONERS ‘ WELFARE:

One Spl. Sub-Jail, Bhadrak has been established in the heart of Bhadrak Town & functioning from the year 1915. This Spl. Sub-Jail, Bhadrak consists with 9 (nine) Wards, 1 Medical Ward, 1 Video Conferencing Room, 4 Cells including 1 Jail School. Besides 17 nos. of different quarters have been provided to the Superintendent of Spl. Sub-Jail & other staff. Also other facilities, like hospital, sanitation, water supply, security aspect, entertainment and engagement of convicts, financial assistance and correctional programme are provided in the above Spl. Sub-Jail. There is also a fund for welfare of the prisoners .

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JUDICIIARY SYSTEM: CRIMINAL COURTS:

In Bhadrak district, the following 12 (twelve) no. of different Criminal Courts, Civil Courts etc. have been functioning both at Dist. Hdqrs. & outside Hdqrs.

1. Dist. Sessions Judge at Dist. Hdqrs 2. Spl. Court-cum-Dist. Judge at Dist. Hdqrs. 3. Asst. Sessions Judge-cum-C.J.M.at Dist. Hdqrs. 4. Spl. Track Court at Dist. Hdqrs. 5. Addl. Dist. Judge at Dist .Hdqrs. 6. S.D.J.M.at Dist. Hdqrs. 7. C.J.M. at Dist. Hdqrs. 8. J.M.F.C. at Basudevpur. 9. J.M.F.C.at Chandabali 10. J.M.F.C. at Dhamnagar 11. Civil Courts at Dist. Hdqrs. 12. Principal Magistrate, Juvenile Justice Board at Dist. Hdqrs.

CIVIL COURT BAR ASSOCIATION, JUVENILE DELINQUENCY.

One Bar association, named as “Bhadrak Bar Association” has been established at Dist .headquarters consisting of more than 2000 Advocates .Besides, three other Bar Associations are also functioning at Basudevpur, Chandbali and Dhamnagar respectively. Bi- annual elections are held to the posts of President, Secretary and other office bearers.

DIST. VIGILANCE CELL.

Dist. Vigilance Office has been functioning at Bhadrak under the direct supervision of Balasore Vigilance Cell.

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DISTRICT CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL

The development in the international trade and commerce has led to the vast expansion of business and trade, as a result of which a variety of consumer goods have appeared in the market to cater to the needs of the consumers and a host of services have been made available to the consumers like insurance, transport, electricity, housing, entertainment, finance and banking. A well organised sector of manufactures and traders with better knowledge of markets has come into existence, thereby affecting the relationship between the traders and the consumers making the principle of consumers sovereignty almost inapplicable. The advertisements of goods and services in television, newspapers and magazines, electronics media influenced the demand for the same by the consumers though there may be manufacturing defects or imperfections or shortcomings in the quality, quantity and the purity of the goods or there may be deficiency in the services rendered. For the welfare of the public, the consumer protection bill 1986 having been passed by both the houses of parliament received the assent to the President on 24th December, 1986 and came on the statuses Book as the CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1986(68 of 1986). To provide speedy and simple redressal to consumers, a quasi-judicial machinery has been set up at the District, State and Central levels. These quasi-judicial bodies observe the principles of natural justice and have been empowered to give relief of a specific nature and to award, wherever appropriate, compensation to consumers. Penalties for non- compliance of the orders given by the quasi- judicial bodies have also been provided. To execute the order passed by the District Forum, the quasi-judicial bodies are empowered with power of Magistrate First Class.

District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum, Bhadrak started functioning in the year 1998, Prior to this, the consumer of Bhadrak were to depend on the District Forum, Keonjhar and Balasore, Sri Shyam Sundar Panda acted as the 1st President after reconstitution of Forum at Bhadrak along with two other Members, out of which one was a Lady. This Forum was functioning in a rented building at Apartibindha, Bhadrak. Since the year 2005. Now this Forum is functioning in its own building. From the date of inception, 3027 C.D cases have been filed by consumers out of which 2814 cases have been disposed of till 30th June 2015. Besides, 721 Execution Cases have been filed out of which 627 cases have been disposed of by mode of execution u/s 27 of the C.P Act.

The year wise break-up of cases is furnished below

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Sl.No. Year Cased filed Cases Cases pending disposed at 1 1994 185 Nil 185 2 1995 36 Nil 221 3 1996 139 42 221 4 1997 253 241 330 5 1998 144 356 118 6 1999 134 154 98 7 2000 185 101 182 8 2001 168 75 275 9 2002 199 82 312 10 2003 155 173 294 11 2004 134 177 251 12 2005 144 189 206 13 2006 154 199 161 14 2007 154 164 151 15 2008 127 170 108 16 2009 69 150 27 17 2010 98 11 114 18 2011 139 141 112 19 2012 163 108 167 20 2013 143 120 190 21 2014 110 112 188 22 2015 74 49 213

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CHAPTER-XI

LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT

There are three local urban bodies in Bhadrak District namely:-Bhadrak Municipality, Basudevpur Municipality & Dhamnagar NAC.

Bhadrak Municipality:

1) Bhadrak established as NAC in the year of 1960. 2) It declared as Municipality on 23.05.88.

3) Population of Municipality:-

It is situated near N.H.-05 which connects two important metro cities like Kolkata and Chennai.

Male Female Total

2001 Census 48061 44454 92515

2011 Census 55094 52275 107369(Municipal Area)

7270 6603 13873(TP area)

Total 62364 58878 121242

4) Number of Words of Municipality:-30 No.s

5) Area of Municipality in Sq. Km:-31.08 Sq. K.M. Density of population in Sq. Km.-532 per Sq. K.M.

6) Total No. of Holdings-11,365 Private Holding:-11,125 Government holding:-240 7) No. of Revenue Villages:-22

8) Number of Dispensionary:-Allopathic-2 no.s (Managed by Municipality) Homeopathic -5 no.s

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9) Total Length of different types of roads-317.250 K.M.(Maintained by Municipality)

(a) Black topped road:-78.399 K.M. (b) Metal road:-62.472 K.M. © Moorum road:-68.210 K.M. (d) Earthen road:-8.917 K.M. (e) Concrete road:-99.252 K.M.

10) Light points maintained by the Municipality:-4197 no.s

(a) SV lights-547 nos (b) Tube lights-382 no.s (c) Bulb points-15 no.s (d) MV Points-15 no.s (e) Semi Hi-Mast light-6 no.s (f) Hi-mast Lights- 6 no.s (g) C.F.L. (Cristal fluorinate lamps)-2276 no.s 11) a) Numbers of Tubewells maintained by the Municipality-968 no.s b) Number of Tubewells defunct-44 no.s c)Numbers of Shallow Tubewell maintained by PHD-75 no.s d)Numbers of I.M.-II maintained by PHD -75 no.s e) Stand Post maintained by PHD-102 no.s

13) Total BPL families(as per 1997-98 survey)-6949

14. Total No. of Slums-43 no.s a)Ownership slum-38 b)Encroached slum-5 c)No. of household-9981 15. Total Slum Population-50261 no.s 16. Information regarding MBPY/NSAP etc. of Bhadrak Municipality

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Sl. No. Name of the Scheme No. of beneficiaries benefited Remarks 1 Arnapurna Yojana 152 no.s 2 Antadoya Anna Yojana 3150 no.s 3 MBPY (a)OAP 1889 no.s (b)WP 1415 no.s ©ODP 588 no.s (d)80 years and above 67 no.s 4 NSAP (a)IGNOAP 1144 no.s (b)IGNWP 327 no.s ©IGNDP 49 no.s (d) 80 years and above 46 no.s

MUNICIPALITY,BASUDEVPUR

The ULB is established on 24.07.1974 as NAC vide Govt. Notification No.4885/HUD Dated-24.02.14. River Gamei is flowing in its northern side, in the east Bay of Bengal, in the south direction Binayakpur and Arandua Panchayat and in the western side Narasinghapur Panchayat situated.

Population of Municipality:-

Male Female Total

2011 Census 16924 16765 33689

Most of the people earn their livelihood from agriculture mainly paddy crop but the same is susceptible to regular cyclone, flood and droughts. A small segment of people depend on. There are two fly ash bricks centre and no such large scale industries are available within the area 3 no.s of “A’’ class Hotels and Lodges are available. Banking facilities like S.B.I., Gramya Bank,Co-operative Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank of commerce, Union Bank and Canara Bank are available.Two major District road i.e from Ichhapur to Balasore and Jamujhadi to Dhamara port road is also running through the area. BSNL, Reliance, Vodafone, Airtel, Idea,

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Aircel & Tata Indicom towers are also available. Standard of living of the people is medium. Both Hindu and Muslim community resides together. Revenue on House Building, Holding Taxes, Light Tax, Water Tax, Trading license & Parking Taxes are collected. A Civil Court and a Judicial Court functions in the area. Tahasil Office, Block office, Post office, Police Station, Treasury Office, LIC Office, Registration office, Fire station, Judicial and Court Office, Works Department, Public Health Deptt., Irrigation Deptt., Sub-divisional Office of the Electricity, Veterinary office, Fishing Office, Forest Office, Agriculture Office ,education .Institutions like 3(three) colleges, 4(four) High Schools and primary schools and public schools are also functioning. Two Music and Dance schools are also functioning. There is only one Community Health Centre and Homeo Medical centre in the area Vital statistics is under the control of CHC and Municipality. Drainage system is in good condition. Old age Pension, Widow Pensions are also paid in every month by door to door delivery. Voluntary organization hold cultural functions in the Town hall Basudevpur several times.

Dhamnagar NAC

Dhamnagar NAC has been notified vide Government Order No.42488 & 42561 Dated:- 22/12/1998 & functioning since of 2015.

TOWN PLANNING

After formation of Bhadrak District due to re-organisation of Districts in Odisha,the Town Planning Unit for Bhadrak came into existance w.e.f. 24th January 2001 to look after the process of urbanisation in general and the development of the towns within the district in an orderly and systematic manner.Special Planning Authority,Bhadrak constituted vide Notification No.18022/UD dt.6.6.1978 as well as Basudevpur vide Notification No.12369/HUD dt.12.3.1992 were, which started functioning at Bhadrak w.e.f. dt.31.1.2001.Subsequently,the Special Planning Authority,Dhamnagar & Dhamara were constituted and started functioning w.e.f. dt.18.5.2007 & 27.5.2011 respectively.

A brief note regarding preparation of Master Plans within the towns of Bhadrak District are outlined below:-

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Bhadrak:

Previously,the Master Plan was prepared for 42 revenue villages and finally published vide Notification No.1/SPA dt.3.1.1984.Presently a GIS/RS based Master Plan over 46 revenue villages including 4 nos.of addl.revenue villages over which the OTP & IT Act.1956 enforced vide Notification no.17164/HUD dt.20.5.2013 with a total area of 77.31 Sqkms. and having a population of 1,52,536 as per 2001 Census is under preparation by the Authority.

Basudevpur:

The Master Plan was prepared and finally published vide Notification No.116/SPA dt.18.12.1999.Presently,GIS/RS based Master Plan over 21 revenue villages with an area of 11697.47 acrs.and having a population of 33,690 as per 2011 census is under the process of preparation.

Dhamnagar:

Preparation of Master Plan over 23 revenue villages with an area of 11,532.16 acres and having a population of 35,442 as per 2011 census has been completed and under scrutiny at Directorate of Town Planning,Odisha.

Dhamara :

GIS/RS based Master Plan over 57 revenue villages under 6 Gram Panchayats with an area of 27983.82 acres is under the process of preparation.

Chandabali:

A proposal has been sent to Govt.for enforcement of the Odisha Town Planning & Improvement Trust Act.1956 over 28 revenue villages with an area of 9191.228 acres and having a populatioin of 30,673 as per 2011 Census.

ZILLA PARISHAD AND ITS OPERATION

Bhadrak was recognized as a separate revenue District of Odisha on 1st April 1993. Prior to this Bhadrak was a Sub-Division of the Undivided Balasore District. Presently it has one Sub-division and 7 nos. of Tahasils, 7 nos. of C.D. Blocks, 2 nos. of Municipalities, 1 NAC,

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191 GPs and 1311 Villages out of which 1243 are in habited. Apart from the above administrative Units, the district in divided into 5 Assembly Constituencies namely Bhandaripokhari, Bhadrak, Dhamnagar, Chandbali and Basudevpur. Accordingly, the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) has traditionally been the principal organ at the District Level to oversee the implementation of different anti-poverty Programmes. Since its inception the administrative costs of the DRDA was met by way of setting apart a share of the allocations for each programme. A new Centrally sponsored scheme for strengthen the DRDA has been introduced with effect from 1st April 1999. The administrative costs are met by providing separate budget provision. This scheme which is funded on a 75:25 basis between Central and State, aims at strengthening the DRDA. The DRDA, Bhadrak came into existence on 1st April 1993. The DRDA, Bhadrak is functioning in his own building. A separate establishment has been created namely Zilla Priashad which maintains separate identity and separate accounts. The Zilla Parishad is directly under the Administrative control of Chief Executive Officer (Collector& District Magistrate) and project Director, DRDA acts as Executive Officer.

STAFFING STRUCTURE:- In order to effectively function the DRDA, Bhadrak has appropriate staffing pattern in the field of planning ,poverty alleviation, project formulation social organization, capacity building project monitoring, accountancy & audit. The staffing structure is as follows.

Sl. Category of Post Sanctioned No. of position in No. of post No. strength posting vacant 1 Project Director 1 1 - 2 Additional Project Director 1 1 - (Admn) 3 Additional Project Director 1 1 - (Tech.) 4 Asst. Project Director (MIS) 1 1 - 5 Asst. Project Directors 4 3 1 6 Programme Officer 1 1 - 7 MGNREGS Coordinator 1 - 1 8 Statistical Investigator 2 - 2 9 Head Clerk 1 1 - 10 Sr. Steno 1 - 1 11 Sr. Clerk 3 3 -

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12 Jr. clerk 4 4 - 13 Junior Engineer (Scheme) 17 17 - 14 Computer Programmer 1 1 - 15 Data Entry Operator 2 1 1 16 MGNREGS Grievance 1 1 - 16 Driver 3 3 - Assistant 17 Roller Driver 2 2 - 18 Peon 5 5 - 19 Sweeper 1 1 -

DRDA is headed by a project Director who should be in the rank of Additional District Magistrate. The project Director should preferably be officer of the Odisha Administrative officer (super time scale) or All India service. He would be in overall change of the activities of the DRDA and responsible for interacting with the District administration as well as with the Govt. of odisha. The post of Project Director should be exclusively meant for the DRDA work. It shall be the duty & responsibility of the Project Director to ensure that the administration of DRDA & programmes are implemented in accordance with DRDSA guidelines. President of the Chairman of Zilla parishad is also the Chairman of the Governing Body of the DRDA. Similarly, Collector &District Magistrate is designated as the Chief Executive Officer of Zilla Parishad Each DRDA should have following wings. a) General Administration wing. b) Monitoring and Evaluation wing. c) Engineering wing d) Self employment wing e) Account wing All wings shall be headed by Project Director and should have Asst. Project Directors in the field of Planning Social Mobilization, Rural Housing Credit and Technology. The following Govt. schemes and programmes are mainly executed in the District through Gram Panchyat, Panchayat Samit, Zilla Parishad and Line Deptt.s . The DRDA is the executed of the projects. 1. MGNREGS 2. Rural Housing (IAY / BPGY) 3. Infrastructure (C.C Road, GGY, TFC, SFC, etc.)

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4. OLM/NRLM Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS ) The MGNREGA is in operation in the District since 2007-08. Under MGNREGS 100 days of wage employment is guaranteed for a family in a financial year. On demand, Projects are taken up which includes water conservation and water harvesting, digging up new tanks, drought proofing, Micro irrigation works, renovating of traditional water bodies and improvement in rural connectivity. The physical & financial achievement for the period 2012-13 to 2014-15 is given below.

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Total No. of Project 5994 9479 6753 6679 No. of Project Completed 2297 1381 767 741 Fund allotted 3548.47 2714.91 1942.06 1285.85 Total Expenditure 3022.30 2693.38 1911.61 1057.19 Total Man days generated 1720560 484925 782768 428405 Cumulative nos. of H.H. 570 522 426 61 Rural Housing (IAY & BPGY) Indira Awas Yojana was launched during 1985-86 as a sub-scheme of RLEGP. Thereafter, it continued as a sub-scheme of JRY up to 31.12.95 and it has been continuing as an independent scheme with effect from 1.1.96. The objective of the scheme is to provide dwelling units to members of SC/ST/bonded labourers and non-SC/ST rural poor coming under BPL. Basically the IAY house is provided in the name of women beneficiary of the family. The unit cost of IAY construction work has been enhanced from time to time @22,000/-, 35,000/-, 45,000/- and 70,000/- . Completion of incomplete IAY from IAY 2000- 01 to 2012 -13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Nos. of target 46085 3161 3507 3781 Total Completed 21830 1646 1095 Nil Total fund allotted - 2212.70 1225.70 2646.70 Total Expenditure 703.8 1614.00 1210.75 415.4

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Biju Pacca Ghar Yojana(BPGY) So called BPGY has been started by the Govt. of Odisha w.e.f. 2014-15 which was previously known as Mokudia Yojana. It is a 100% state Govt. plan. Mokudia yojana was started by the State Govt. w.e.f. 01.04.2008. The aim of the BPGY is to provide dwelling houses to needy rural poor who are being deprived of getting IAY houses. Priority is given to the poor women in distress, physically challenged (over 40%), mentally challenged, victim of natural calamities etc. The following is the position of programme vis-a-vis progress of BPGY scheme during last three years.

Completion of BPGY up to BPGY 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

Nos. of target 3161 918 1467 2908 Total Completed 1887 446 414 Nil Total fund allotted - 642.60 1026.90 2035.60 Total Expenditure 56.39 487.90 565.65 383.60 Gopabandhu Gramin Yojana(GGY)

Gopabandhu Gramin Yojana (GGY) is being implemented in the state since October 9, 2006 with an objective to provide additional development funds to 11 districts which are not covered under Backward Regions Grant Fund(BRGF) for providing infrastructure viz. Bijli, Sadak & Pani. GGY is a 100% state plan. The scheme will continue to be implemented during the 11th Plan period. The principal objective of the scheme is to provide additional development funds to the targeted districts to provide infrastructure to every revenue village. Some of the specific projects which could be taken up under the scheme would be in the nature of construction of concrete roads within the village, construction of black top/concrete roads to connect a village within the nearest PMGSY or ODR road, installation of street

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lights within the village, for which the maintenance is to be borne by the concerned Gram Panchayat (GP), provision of drinking water supply and creation of irrigation sources.

The physical & financial achievement for the period 2013-14 to 2015-16 is given below. 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Total number of Project (Target) 951 824 Target not communicated Project completed 951 406 Funds allotted 2125.00 2125.81 Expenditure 2125.00 2015.78 Total Mandays 2.12 2.01 Length of Road(KM) 87.12 86.74 Cement Concrete Road (C.C.Road)

The State Govt. has initiated a new scheme (100% state plan) to improve the internal village roads for ensuring sanitation and physical quality of life inside the village. The financial and physical achievement for the year 2013-14 & 2014-15 in given below.

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Total Project 856 749 No target received Total achievement 856 749 Total fund allotted 1544.00 2152.71 Total expenditure 1510.34 1339.28 Total K.M. covered. 26.00 55.00

13th Finance Commission (T.F.C.) The finance Commission is established for the purpose of allocation of certain resources of revenue between Union state Govt.. 13th Finance Commission has recommended an incentive Grant to be utilized in four year from 2011-12 to 2014-15. These grants should be spent only on non-salary maintenance for public Major and Medium irrigation and Minor Irrigation schemes for renovation & modernization for better productivity. Bhadrak District

175 has received Rs. 1034.74 Lakhs and expenditure made for Rs. 995.32 lakhs under TFC award for the year 2014-15.

State Finance Commission (S.F.C.) As per constitutional provision the Hon’ble Governor of Odisha has constituted 3rd State Finance Commission. Accordingly, the State Government has provided funds to PRIs under 3rd SFC in the following different sectors. i. The salary component of field functionaries. ii. Grants to ZP for developmental works. iii. Grants to Blocks for maintenance & repair of MIPs iv. Grants to Blocks for Maintenance & repair of Block Office Building & Block staff quarters. v. Grants to GP for different developmental works vi. Grants to GP for Performance linked Incentive vii. Celebration of PR Divas. During the Financial year 2014-15 total fund received for an amount of Rs. 455.00 lakhs and expenditure made for Rs. 316.00 lakhs.

National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) National Rural Livelihoods Mission implemented by Govt. of India, Ministry of Rural Development started functioning in the state of Odisha in 2012. Prior to this project TRIPTI was implemented as the part of NRLM. OLM is independent society under the Deptt. Of Panchayati Raj of MoRD in ten costal districts of our state. Objectives of NRLM are as follows. i. Universal Social Mobilization ii. Formation of peoples institution iii. Universal Financial inclusion iv. Training and Capacity Building v. Enhanced package of economic assistance for setting up of micro enterprise and larger role for SHGs Following is the position of allotment and expenditure on OLM

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Year 2014-15 2015-16 Allotment 1998.94 lakhs 1507.00 lakhs Expenditure 1984.38 lakhs 72.00 lakhs

9691 SHGs have been formed in seven blocks of Bhadrak District. They have been graded and all sorts of assistance for growth and development of their economic activities are being taken care of. Different processes viz. project implementation, Capacity Building, Thematic Training etc. have been involved to nurture above SHGs. 32 nos. of Non-farm PGs, have been formed to boost up the production of different rural products and ensure markets for the rural products. Targeted Rural Initiative for Poverty Termination & Infrastructure (TRIPTI) TRIPTI is an innovative EAP project taken up by Panchayati Raj Department to reduce poverty by way of enhancing the socio economic status of the poor especially women and disadvantage groups in underdeveloped block having large SC/ST population those selected for coverage under TRIPTI project. Statement of funds received for GPLF under TRIPTI project is as follows. Particulars

2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Total Start up Fund(lakh) 12,46,050 36,48,450 10,00,000 50,000 59,44,500 IBF 46,31,740 1,72,76,235 1,82,43,076 4,28,95,278 8,30,46,329 CIF 85,52,750 5,00,87,154 11,73,40,328 6,80,56,394 24,40,36,626 Livelihood fund 0 0 1,65,37,544 2,82,94,969 4,48,32,513

Grand Total 14,44,30,540 7,10,11,839 15,31,20,948 13,92,96,641 37,78,59,968 The project has been closed from since 30.06.2015. Din Dayal Updyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) Din Dayal Updyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana has been implemented in all 7 blocks in our District. 3780 nos. of BPL youths have been targeted for mobilization for wage employment. At the end of the first quarter 1296 rural youths have been mobilized and training has been completed for 1068 trainees in different trades viz. electrician, fitter , wilder, bedside patient

177 attendant(Nursing), Security Guard, DTP etc out of which 487 trainees have been placed in different organized sectors.

RSETI Rural Self Employment Training Institute managed by UCO bank in the District, is involved in providing training to rural BPL youths for self employment. Against the annual target of 700, a total of 170 have been trained during the first quarter of 2015-16. Palli Sabhas 1. For every village within the Gram Panchayat there shall be constituted a Palli Sabha 2. Each Palli Sabha shall consist of all persons registered by virtue of the representation of the peoples Representation Act. 1950. 3. The Palli Sabha shall meet annually in February every year and may also meet at other times in the manner prescribed. 4. The members present at any meeting of the Palli Sabha shall form the quorum for such meeting and the proceedings of the meeting of the Palli Sabha shall be recorded and authenticated by the President. 5. It shall be duty of Palli Sabha at its annual meeting in February each year to give recommendation to the Gram Panchayat in respect of the following matters . a) The development works and programme taken up during the ensuing year b) The annual budget estimate submitted by Gram Panchayat will be approved by the Palli Sabha. Panchayat Samities & Gram Panchayats Constitution of the Panchayat Samiti:- Every Block shall have a Samiti consisting of the following members, namely: i) The Chairman & Vice-Chairman of the Samiti elected as per provision laid down in Sub- section (3) of Odisha Panchayat Samiti Act. 1959 ii) One member directly elected from Gram Panchayat is called a Panchayat Samit Member. iii) Sarapanch of the Gram Panchayat The Government have notified 7 Blocks within Bhadrak District . Block Development Officer, Additional Block Development Officer and other officers are placed at to each Block under Section 15 of Panchayat Samiti Act.

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All meetings of the Panchayat Samiti are to be convened with the assent of the Panchayat Samiti chairman. The BDO is to act on the basis of direction issued by Chairman of the Panchayat Samiti.

Gram Panchayat to be executive authority of the Gram Sasan. The Executive Officer/Secretary is the executive head of the Gram Panchayat. The Executive Officer/ Secretary is to act as per direction of the Sarapanch of the GP. Each Gram Panchayat consist of the following member, namely:

i) The sarapanch is directly elected by the pople. ii) All members are to be elected from the Wards. iii) There shall be a Naib Sarapanch selected from among the Ward Members. Zilla Parishad & its operation The Government have constituted Zilla Parishad for every District. The President of the parishad is the head of the Zilla Parishad. All meetings are conducted under the Chairmanship of the President of Zilla Parishad. The Collector& District Magistrate of the District is to act as Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad.The project Director DRDA, acts as Executive officer while the Addl. Project Director as Addl. Executive officer. Every Parishad shall consist of elected member from different category as per guidelines of the Government. 1. The Zilla Parishad have the power to undertake various schemes/adopt financial assistance relating to development of Agriculture, Social forestry, Livestock, industries, Cooperation, Rural Development (IAY/BPGY), water supply, distribution of essential commodities, Rural Electrification, Minor Irrigation, Public Health, Primary, Secondary, Adult Education, welfare & others object of the general public. 2. Prepare Plan for economic development and social justice. 3. Implement scheme for economic development and social justice and undertake execution of any other scheme, performance of any act or management of any institution or organization , as the Government may by order. 4. Mange or maintain any work of public utility or any institution vested in it or under its control and management. 5. Grant aid to any school, public library, public institution of public welfare organization within the district.

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6. Contribute with the approval of Govt. such sums as it may decide towards the cost of water supply or anti-epidemic measures undertaken by a Municipal or Notified Area Council within the district. 7. Implementation of anti-poverty programmes and monitoring supervision thereof. 8. Discharge of responsibilities and functions as assigned to the District Rural Development Agencies from time to time.

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CHAPTER-XII Education and Culture Historical background of education of Bhadrak District Bhadrak has been an independent Zilla since 01.04.1993. Prior to this it was a subdivision of Balasore Zilla. Bhadrak being a part of Balasore Zilla is comparatively educationally advanced in the state. It is very difficult task to throw light on state of education of this District during ancient and medieval periods. The temples, mosques, and others ruins of ancient civilization evince the testy mony that the District had been centre of Hinduism, Buddhism, Saivism, Saktism, Vaishnavism. During Mogul dynasty Islamic culture has spreaded in the District. Education through religious teachings was imparted by the priests, pundits, and maulavis in the temples, ashrams and mosques. There were no printing books and writing materials at that time. They used slate and palm leaves for writing. During Medieval period literary education gradually became important for people. The Ashrams, Maths, Chatasalis and Tolls became the centre for imparting education in reading, writing and simple arithmetic. But moral education was the ultimate goal of education system at that time. The Abadhanas, priests, Maulavis and Pandits knew the art preserving knowledge on religion and literature with moral value inscribing on palm leaf pothis. Towards last part of the medieval period Muslim and Mogul rulers opened few Madrasas for imparting religious instructions from the Koran. INTRODUCTION AND GROWTH OF WESTERN EDUCATION During British rule in India, Christian missionaries were the pioneers of modern education in Balasore. Bhadrak being a part of Balasore the modern education was also spreaded to Bhadrak during that period Spreading of modern education encouraged the people after Macaulay minute in 1835. Two types of educational institution were started. Some institutions imparted education in English medium called Middle English School. Another type of institutions imparted education in mother tongue called vernacular schools. During that period Bengalis working under British Rulers did not accept Odia as a language. But Jon Beams the then Collector of Balasore recognised Odia as a language with its originality. The first vernacular school was started in Chandan Bazar area (Budhabar Hata) which was shifted to donated land of Rai Nemei Charan Bose Bahadur, the land lord of Kothar State and Gani Khan (Panchu Mian) of Purunabazar adjacent to Collectorate and Judicial Court of Bhadrak which was upgraded to High English School in 1882 as first High school of Bhadrak District. This school has given the status of Zilla School by the Govt. of Odisha with effect from 30.10.2003.

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Some primary Schools, vernacular schools, Middle English Schools were started in main places of Bhadrak which are Agarpada, Kothar, Purunabazar, Chandbali, Dhamnagar, Bonth, Bhandaripokhari, Basudevpur, Tihidi and so many other places. Similarly Krushna Charan Bidya Mandir, Agarpada, Narayan Chandra High School, Purunabazar, Bindu Madhaba Bagurai High School, Kothar High School Dhamnagar High School, Rama Narayan High School, Dolasahi are the premier High Schools of the District. Those High Schools started as private institutions and converted to full aided, ‘C’ type Government School on 01.07.0958 and 01.07.1962 and all of them have been converted to Government ‘A’ type High Schools on 01.03.1969. Among them Bhadrak High School has been given status of Zilla School by the Government of Odisha and renamed as Zilla School, Bhadrak. This School was started during pre-independents period. Head Masters were Bengalis till 1920. First Head Master was Kedar Nath Dutta, who is founder of Iscon. Gokula Nanda Naiak, M.A. in English joined this School in 1920 as first Odia Head Master and continued till 1952. This School has produced so many eminent aluminies who have earned name and fame at National and International level. Among them Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab, Nilamani Routray Ex-Chief Ministers of Odisha, Dr. Bidhu Bhusan Das, Dr. Bama Charan Das, Dr. Mahendra Rout, Vice- Chancellors of Utkal University, Satrughna Nath, Dinabandhu Panigrahi, Eminent Educationist Banchhanidhi Mohanty, Nityananda Mohapatra, freedom fighters Eminent Politicians, poets as well as writers and so many other personalities. Due to introduction of western education in the District growth of dignified personalities have been produced. Names of some of the eminent, competent head Masters with integrity are noted below. 1. Gokula nanda Naik, Performed Honorary Judge of Bhadrak Court. 2. Upendra Prasad Mohanty, First National Awardee. 3. Kishoree Kinkar Das 4. Rabi Narayan Jena, National Awardee 5. Madhusudan Jena 6. Gour Gopal Jena 7. Ratnakar Barik, National Awardee 8. Pravakar Mallick, National Awardee 9. Dr. Rajkishore Panigrahi, National Awardee 10. Achyutananda Samal, National Awardee

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After Independence Primary Schools, Upper Primary Schools have been established almost in all villages, High Schools have been established in every Grama Panchayat. The statistics of schools and roll strengths noted below. INFORMATION OF SCHOOLS UNDER S & ME DEPARTMENT OF BHADRAK DISTRICT

TYPE OF SCHOOLS SCHOOL GOVT GOVT.AIDE PRIVAT CENTRA NAVODAY TOTA S . D E L A L SCHOOL VIDYALAY A Elementar 1691 112 104 0 0 1907 y Schools Secondary 178 109 61 1 1 350 School

STUDENTS ENROLLMENT SCHOOLS BOYS GIRLS General SC ST Total General SC ST Total Elementary 69658 31684 533 101875 65918 30496 4574 100988 School Secondary 19768 6045 502 26315 20642 6778 376 27796 School

STAFF POSITION SCHOOLS GOVT. & GOVT. AIDEDE PRIVATE MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL Elementary 3717 3082 6799 387 597 684 School Secondary 1356 567 1923 426 212 638 School

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SPREAD OF WOMEN EDUCATION IN THE DISTRICT During early period the parents did not allow their daughters to the schools due to orthodox thinking. The social workers, politicians came to know that the women literacy is very low i.e. 6 (six) percent. They took steps to motivate the guardian to send their daughter to the primary schools and opened Middle English Schools at the main places of Bhadrak District. The percentage of literacy rose to 23 percent. Eminent person of the District like Dr. Harekruushna Mahatab took steps to open Girls High Schools by the Govt. Ultimately following Govt. Girls High Schools have been opened by the Govt. of Odisha to raise the literacy of women. 1. Govt. Girls High School, Agarpada 2. Govt. Girls High School,Bhadrak 3. Govt. Girls High School,Tihidi (was taken over by the Govt.) Thirty-three Girls High Schools are imparting education to girl students of this District. Inspite of existing Girls High Schools girl students are reading in coeducational High Schools. As a result the percent of literacy has reached the target and the performance of girl students is better than the boy students. The girl students have been qualified as Engineers, Doctors, Scientist, Administrators, and occupying high position in their field. Some women’s colleges have also been established for spreading women education. EDUCATION OF SC, ST & OBC There was no facility for SC & ST students in the State. The people of above category were socio economically and educationally weak. The higher class people did not allow the SC & ST students to sit with general students. After independence the idea of untouchability eradicated for Mahatma Gandhi. The children of SC & ST have been allowed to study with general caste students in the existing schools. Special hostels have been constructed for them to increase the percentage of literacy of SC & ST pupils One Residential school at Dahapania has been established by the Govt. of Odisha to educate the children of poor , illiterate& socially backward people of SC & ST category. Two Ashram Schools & six Sevashram Schools have been established under SC & ST Development Department to educate SC & ST students.

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EDUCATION OF OBC The OBC class started after Mandal Commission. The children of OBC class are getting education in all type of schools. Financial help has been provided by the Govt. whose parents are economically weak. EDUCATION OF MINOR COMMUNITY The Purunabazar of Bhadrak Town, Gujidarada, Bahudarada, Dhamnagar areas are thickly populated with Muslims. Muslim children are getting education in every school. Special Urdu, Persian teachers have been appointed by the Education Department to teach in Zilla School, Bhadrak, N.C.High School, D.N.Girls High School, Dhamnagar High School, Gujidarada High School & Bahudarada High School, Madrasas have been opened to educate the children of Muslims in Urdu Medium. The percentage of literacy has been increased to a great extent. There are Twenty five Madrasas in the District who are imparting education to Muslim Students. Kasturaba Residential School is functioning in the District to educate Muslim girls.

GENDER AND INTER CAST DIFFERENCES IN EDUCATION AND MEASURES TO ADDRESS THEM

During 19th Century there was almost prohibition of girls for education due to orthodox thinking of parents as well as main persons of the society. This type of thinking eradicated for utmost care of social reformers. The guardians of girls ultimately allowed their daughter to schools. All girls are reading in Co-Education schools up to Upper Primary level. Some girls are reading in exclusively in Girls’ High Schools of the locality but maximum girl students are studying in Co-Educational High School of the District. Steps are being taken for security and safe guard of girls students. Inter-caste feeling was among higher caste people prior to independence. The above idea has been removed completely in the Educational Institution. The student of SC, ST & OBC, Minor community, irrespective of gender are studying, sitting, eating together as brother and sisters for utmost care of social reformers and spreading of education reached its apex.

SPECIAL INSTITUTION UNDER HRD, UNION GOVT. OF INDIA 1. Navodaya Vudyalaya has been established at Chandimal where meritorious students of rural areas are studying from Class VI to XII (+2 levels). This is a residential school where

185 students are getting free education free boarding, free teaching, learning materials & free dress. Entire expenses are paid by the HRD, Union Govt. of India. One non-residential Central school has been established by the HRD Govt. of India at Korkora.Free education is provided to the students up to Class-XII(+2 Level)

TEACHER TRAINING FACILITIES There are two teacher training institutions in the District to train the untrained teachers:- 1. Secondary Training School, Agarpada has been upgraded to District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) where teachers are trained and different orientation and training programmes are conducted to develop competency of teachers. 2. Secondary Training School, Pahimahura is imparting training to teachers. ORIENTAL SCHOOL SYSTEM Vocational education is provided at Indira Gandhi Institute of Vocational education and Women’s College, Bhadrak. The students gain practical knowledge in different vocational streams for self employment. Bhadrak Art & Craft College is providing education in the field of Art & Craft. The Law college, Bhadrak is providing education in the field of Judiciary. There are seven Industrial Technical Institutes (I.T.I) in the District. SANSKRIT TOLS & COLLEGES There are Sanskrit tols & one college to impart education for Hindu culture. There are sixteen Sanskrit Tols and One Sanskrit College in the District. GROWTH OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION Barapada School of Engineering and Technology was established by Govt. of Odisha during chief Ministership of Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab Which was closed after few years. This institution was revived by the then Minister Sri Jugal Kishore Pattnaik and Managed Privately. This Institution is continuing and Barapada College of Engineering & Technology has been established at private sector during Ministership of Prafulla Samal. The Students are studying Diploma in School of Engineer & Technology in different streams. Bhadrak school of Engineering and Technology is functioning privately at Asurali as another Engineering School. The students are studying B.tech in Barapada College of Engineering and Technology. These institutions are running privately and students are studying under self finance scheme.

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HIGHER EDUCATION UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE EDUCATION Bhadrak Autonomous College is conducting Examination up to degree level and awarding degree. This is the only one Govt. College of Bhadrak District. Bhadrak Autonomous College has Science, Commerce and Arts Stream with honours in each subject. There is facility for Post Graduation in Economics, English, Political Science, Accounting and Chemistry subjects. There is facility for distance education through IGNOU Study centre. This College has large campus. There are so many hostels for boys and separate hostels for girls and residential quarters for faculties. There are Twenty five Colleges including Women’s Colleges imparting Higher Education to the Students. Out of those colleges there are facilities for +3 degree course with honours subjects in A.B. College, Basudevpur, Bhadrak Women’s College, Dhamnagar College, Charmpa College, Agarpara College, Nahami College, B.N.M.A. College, Paliabindha, Chandbali College & Tihidi College. Literacy and Cultural Socities 1. Manmohan Sangeet Parishad Bhadrak 2. Bhadrak Nrutya Sangeet Parishad 3. Bhadrak Music College 4. Sanket 5. Sri Jagannath Sanskrutik Kalakar Sangha 6. Bimala Natya Sanshad 7. Natraj Sanskrutik Anusthan 8. Shreema Music College 9. Music Circle. 10. Sangeet Kala Parishad 11. Sarat Chandra Cultural Academy 12. Nupur Kala Sangeet Parishad

Literacy Periodicals & Magazines List of Newspaper and Periodical published in the District. 1. The Beura 2. Salandi Samachar

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3. Swaraj Barta 4. Ghasa Phoola 5. Byanga Pashara 6. Amruta Darshan 7. Nua Jugar Nua Sakala 8. Sakala 9. Katha Kahani

List of Eminent Poets & Writers of the District 1. Jagannath Pani- Nalanga 2. Banshiballav Goswami-Garadpur 3. Kanta Kabi Laxmikanta Mohapatra-Talapada 4. Kabi Shekhar Chintamani Mohanty-Jagannathpur 5. Jatiya Kabi Banchhanidhi Mohanty-Iram, Bhadrak 6. Bidyutprabha Devi-Kuanshmadhia,Agarpara 7. Chakradhar Rout – Kanti 8. Nityananda Nayak – Basudevpur 9. Mrutyunjaya Narayan Bala- Paliabindha 10. Hrudananda Panigrahi – Dolasahi 11. Rabindra Prasad Panda – Narendrapur, Ghanteswar 12. Hrusikesh Nayak – 13. Manorama Biswal Mohapatra – Bhadrak 14. Abani Pradhan – Gabasahi 15. Suchitra Panigrahi – Bhadrak 16. Kamal Kumar Mohanty – Arasa Tihidi 17. Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab 18. Nityananda Mohapatra 19. Sudhanshu sekhar Ray 20. Kamalakanta Lenka 21. Natyacharya Raghunath Panda 22. Dr. Gokulananda Mohapatra 23. Dr. Satrughna Nath

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24. Dr. Jagannath Pattnaik 25. Upendra Prasad Mohanty 26. Krushna Charan Behera – Arjunbindha, Pirahat 27. Dr. Raghabananda Nayak – Tihidi 28. Apurba Ranjan Ray – Mathasahi 29. Debendra Mohapatra – Mathasahi 30. Radhabinod Nayak – Gabasahi 31. Ramakanta Rout – Dhusuri 32. Dr. Hrusikesh Panda – Basudevpur 33. Dr. Sachidananda Mohanty – Agarpada 34. Dr. Manindra Mohanty – Nuabazar, Bhadrak 35. Dr. Basudev Sahoo – Dhusuri 36. Dr. Sanatan Mohanty

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CHAPTER – XIII MEDICAL & PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES

Climate:- The climatic condition of the district is moderate with an average rainfall of 100cm. average maximum temperature of 32 degree Celsius& a minimum of 21.0 Celsius. Many parts of the district are low-laying, swampy and water logged. The houses which are generally mud huts constructed from earth dug out of a hole in the immediate vicinity are surrounded by un-health stagnant pools which mostly form breeding places for mosquitoes. Major part of the district remains inundated during the rainy season for a long time. The climate of the Bhadrak Town is however cooler and fairly healthy.

Majority of the people in this district are cultivators, agricultural labourers. The per- capita-income of these people is very low and literacy status is approximately 60%. Because of low in-come with moderate literacy rate the public expectation of rendering health services is very high, for which the Government is unable to meet. One of the main causes of poor health services is lack of infrastructure particularly housing and equipments & specialised surgeons. The district is highly prone to floods and gastroenteritis.

During the Super cyclone of October, 1999 most of the health buildings, Drugs, equipments, furniture etc. were damaged. With the help of different NGOs & Govt. Organisations, most of the sites were revived.

Survey of Public Health & Medical Facilities in Early Times:

The Bhadrak Pilgrim Dispensary was established in 1862 with the object of affording medical relief to the pilgrims passing along the trunk Road to Puri. Among the other Medical Institutions of the undivided Balasore district mention may be made of the Pilgrim’s Lodging House Fund which contributed to the pay of the Civil Hospital Assistants in charge of the dispensary at Chandabali.

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Prior to establishment of these institutions there probably existed no public hospitals or dispensaries in the district. Perhaps no principles of hygiene save creation rigid religious practices were known to the people. Public health measures as known today did not exist.

From remote past the Ayurvedic system was popular among the people. The Vaidyas and Kavirajas the chief exponents of this system used to carry on their profession as a family creed. Due to lack of state patronage and after the introduction of the allopathic system their influence gradually declined.

Despite the medical facilities within easy reach the local people even today take recourse to the use of indigenous herbs and plants containing therapeutic properties.

Vital Statistics: A systematic collection of vital occurrences throughout the district began from 1892 under the Bengal Births and Deaths registration Act. 1873 (Act. IV, 1873). The primary reporting agency under this Act, in the rural area was the Chowkidar who used to collect information about vital occurrence during his rounds in villages and reported then at the police station on weekly or fortnightly parade days. The Thana officer consolidated the reports thus recorded for a month and then sent monthly returns to the District Health Officer. The District Health Officer sent the consolidated returns to the Director Health Services. But practically this work suffered a great deal at the hands of the Chowkidars who deemed it as an additional work beyond their legitimate duty. Inadequate penal provision both for the collecting and reporting agencies also aroused little consciousness about their duties in this direction. The Thana Officer busy on ever increasing law and order problem hardly checked the reports furnished by the Chowkidar. The entire structure of vital statistics was therefore, based on what was reported by the Chowkidar, an illiterate and low paid person and the result was admittedly far from correct. The transfer of Chowkidars to the pay roll of the Grama Panchayat caused further setback to the system. After this transfer the attendance of the Chowkidars at the weekly parade in Thanas fell considerably causing still greater default in reporting of vital statistics. After the abolition of Chowkidari System in 1965 various attempts were made for effective collection of the information through the Odisha Grama Panchayat Act. 1964. Subsequently the State Government passed the Odisha Grama Rakhi act. 1967 on the 29th July’1967 and the Odisha

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Grama Rakhi Rules 1969 on the 11th May’1969 under which the Grama Rakhis besides other duties are required to report the births and deaths which occur within their jurisdiction to the officer in charge of the respective police stations at an interval of 15 days. But in urban areas the registration of births and deaths are done by the sanitary staff of the local bodies.

The collection and reporting of these events were slightly better in the Bhadrak Notified Area Council. The vital statistics for Bhadrak town were available from 1951 and reported from 1959. In Bhadrak town the vital occurrences were collect by the health staff of the municipality and notified areas council who sent the monthly returns to the district Health Officer. On receipt of the monthly reports from the Thana Officer and the municipality and the Notified Area Council the District Council the District Health Officer complied and forwarded monthly report of the births and deaths to the Director of Health Services Odisha for compilation of state figure.

The Registration of Births and Deaths Act. 1969 (Act No. 18 of 1969) and the Odisha Registration of Births and Deaths Rules 1970 have been enforced in the district with effect from 1st July’1970. The Health Officer or in his absence the Executive Officer in the urban areas and the Thana Officer in the rural areas are appointed as the Registrars. The Chief District Medical Officer and the Asst. District Medical Officer, (PH) act as the District Registrar and the additional District Registrar of Births and Deaths respectively while the Director of Health Services, Odisha acts as the Chief Registrar. The responsibility to make reports about the births and deaths within a stipulated time devolves on the head of the house or household. The Act provides for penalties of fairly a nominal amount in graduated scale for the period of delay or failure to report on the part of the reporting agency. Besides different officers in charge of various institutions like hospitals hostels running trains buses etc. are responsible to notify about births and deaths.

Common Diseases and Disease vulnerability of District:

Fever: The team fever includes a number of diseases having their superficial symptom of a rise in the normal body temperature. It is probably the largest possible killer in Bhadrak district. During the period 1951 – 60 the total number of deaths due to fever is recorded at 1,44,852.

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People in the district suffered greatly from fever which accounted for 71.19 percent of total mortality during the past decade. Incidence of different kinds of fever such as malaria fever, filarial fever, enteric fever, viral fever, fever due to influenza etc. is common. Although incidence of fever is generally highest in the district gradually it tends to decrease during the later years. The largest death toll due to it in the recent past was 13,731 in 1975.

Malaria : Malaria among the various types of fever is common in the district. The entire district lies in a flooded area and major part of it is inundated during rainy season for a long time. It has also an un-healthy and malaria climate. In1921 a severe type of malaria visited the district causing death to a large number of persons. Deaths from malaria generally swell up in the rainy season. The attendance of such patients at hospitals has however gone down. Gradually its indemnity has been greatly reduced on account of various malaria control programme.

Filaria: Filariasis also commonly occurs in the district. A large number of persons are annually affected by filarial fever. The incidence of filariasis even today is abnormally high. The number of patients treated in all the medical institutions Now filariasis the most common epidemic disease has almost been checked. Every year the MDA programme is continuing in the district.

Typhoid : The incidence of typhoid was high in earlier days. People of Bhadrak district suffer from typhoid every year but the number of cases has steadily decreased.

Leprosy: The incidence of leprosy was high in the district. Now a days leprosy patients are found in large number mostly in the pilgrim centres and towns. At present its treatment is conducted in the existing hospitals and dispensaries. The anti leprosy activities undertaken in Bhadrak district are dealt with separately. Now National Leprosy Eradication Programme is continuing in the district.

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Tuberculosis: It was one of the principal diseases of the district in the past. It is apparent that about 2 to 3 hundred persons were annually affected by this disease. But during the period this disease is controlled. The Government activities like RNTCP undertaken towards controlling the disease and this programme is continuing in this district. Dysentery & Diarrhoea : In common with the inhabitants of other parts of Odisha people of Bhadrak district also suffer greatly from diarrhea and dysentery. But the number of cases attributed to these affections was not great. The cause of these diseases was the result of consumption of impure drinking water and the general ignorance of the people. Now due to health awareness among the community has substantial decreased the number of cases through the integrated disease surveillance?

Other Common Diseases: Fevers, Dysentery, Diarrhoea, elephantsis and Infirmities were the principal disease of the district in the past. But the impact of science on society in general and medical science in particular has changed the situation. Among other diseases common to district mention may be made of influenza, anaemia, malnutrition, respiratory diseases, heart disease, skin disease, cancer etc. Ayurvedic and Homeopathic Institutions In the past the Kavirajas who practiced the Ayurvedic system of treatment were popular in the district. But the development of the system ws retarded to a considerable extent after the introduction of the Allopathic system.The Homeopathic system of treatment in the district came at a later stage. Now the Ayurvedic and Homeopathic systems are becoming popular under the patronage of the State Government.These systems of treatment are less expensive. The ayurvedic and homeopathic institutions in the district are directly managed by the Director of Indian Medicines and Homeopathy, Orissa, Bhubaneswar.

Ayurvedic Institutions: At present there are 25 Ayurvedic dispensaries functioning in the district. The system of treatment has received an increased patronage from the public. Moreover, the number of patients attending these dispensaries for treatment is gradually increasing day by day.

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Homeopathic Institutions: The district has 23 Government Homeopathic dispensaries . The staff of each institution chiefly constitute one Medical Officer and a Homeopathic Assistant. The Homeopathic system of treatment is gaining popularity in the district and the number of patients is increasing day by day.

Unani Institutions An Unani Dispensary is functioning at Bhadrak since 1971.Dispensry was headed by of one Unani Medical Officer who was assisted by a pharmacist and a distributor. Besides the Regional Research Institute on Unani Medicines was established at Bhadrak in 1979 by the Government of India.

PUBLIC HEALTH Sanitation In course of time the people have become more conscious about their health and sanitation through mass education and propaganda by government agencies. Since independence the government have also implemented a number of successful schemes to maintain a healthy atmosphere by taking protective and curative measures both in urban and rural areas of the district, particularly in sinking a large number of tube –wells for supply of pure potable water.

Administrative set-up in urban and rural areas There existed ,at different times different organizational pattern for the maintenance of public health and sanitation in the district since 1949,the health officer under the control of the Civil Surgeon Balsore was in charge of the Public Health administration .According to the present set-up,the Assistant District Medical Officer (PH) is directly responsible for the public health affairs in the district and is under the overall control and supervisory authority of the Chief District Medical Officer.

In the urban areas sanitation is managed by the municipal or Notified Area Council authorities, In the Bhadrak Municipality .One Health Officer, three Sanitary Inspectors and Four Disinfectors have been posted.The Assistant District Medical Officer (PH) Bhadrak is in charge

195 of the Bhadrak Municipality as Health Officer. There are one sanitary Inspector and one Disinfector to look after the sanitation work. Besides a Leave Reserve Sanitary Inspector is deputed from the District Hadquarters Hospital to assist them.The Sanitation of Basudevpur Notified Area Councils is managed by the Sanitary Inspector of the concerned Primary Health Centres. These Officers work under the Assistant District Medical Officer. Separate full and part –time conservancy staff are maintained by the respective municipality and Notified Area councils.

Sub-Divisional Hospital, Bhadrak In 1862 an allopathic hospital was founded on donation of 500 Silver coins by Bhagat Singh, a Philanthropic person of Cuttack. Then it was managed by District Board, Baleswhar. The hospital was in charge of an Assistant Surgeon. Gradually developments were made through the assistance of philanthropic persons and the government. For water supply a deep tube well with pipe line connection was made out of funds donated by Bhuyan Bhaskar Chandra Mohapatra. One “AVA” Maternity ward was established in year 1936 by a philanthropic person. The institution was provincialised in 1944 and was renamed as Sub-Divisional Hospital,Bhadrak. Subsequently, the number of beds and other medical facilities were increased and a new operation theater, maternity ward, maternity centre and Family Planning Centre etc were added to it. In 1961, it had 26 beds for indoor patients. In 1986, one post Partum Centre was established in that campus. In 1991 the institution provided accommodation for 25 male and 25 female patients.

It was directly managed by Sub-Divisional Medical Officer under the supervisory control of the Chief District Medical Officer, Balasore. He assisted by 8 Medical Officer, 4 specialists, one in each of the branches of Medicine, Surgery, Obst. And Gynaecology, and one Orthopaedic for accident unit. In addition there were 3 Pharmacist, 7 satff nurses, 2 midwives and many other technical and non technical personnel. It accommodated 50 patients and the beds were allocated into separate wards like Surgical, Medicine, Paediatric and infectious. In addition there was a separate operation theatre, a pathological laboratory, a post mortem room, an out patient department and an administrative block. Facilities for x-ray and anit-rabic treatment were also available to the patients. Besides, TB clinic and Family Planning clinic were attached to the hospital.

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District Head- Quarter Hospital, Bhadrak Since 1st April,1993 Sub-Divisional Hospital converted to District Head-Qrs. Hospital headed by Chief District Medical Officer, Bhadrak. At present CDMO is the head of all health institutions in the district. He is the Chief of Administrative work, curative service, implementation work and disease preventive work of the district. He is assisted by 3 ADMOs like ADMO(Medical), ADMO(PH), ADMO(FW&Imm). He is also assisted by DLO,DMO,DTO, DSMO to work in their respective sections. All the ADMOs helps CDMO to supervise the work of all CHCs, PHC(N)s, Sub-centres, Area Hospitals, Public Health Institutions and NUHM PHCs in the district. It is 191 beded hospital.

Asst.District Medical Officer (Medical),Bhadrak The ADMO(Med) is the chief of District Head- Qrs. Hosptial,Bhadrak and he controls the units like OPD,IPD,X-ray, Pathology Deptt.,Central store,Blood Bank, Trauma Care Centre, Casuality, Post Mortem Centre, MCH Centre, NRC, PPC,R.N.Eye Hospital, NUHM PHC situated at Purunabazar. Now he is also managing the new scheme like SNCU, ART Centre, Tele-medicine, Trauma Care Centre,, DEIC and Bio Medical Waste management of District Health Quarter Hospital,Bhadrak.

Asst.District Medical Officer (PH),Bhadrak The ADMO(PH) supervises the epidemic disease and prevalent diseases of the district like Typhoid, Asthama, Respiratory infection, Jaundice, food poisoning , measles, and chkenpox. He collects report from all the peripheral institutions, analysis and sends consolidated report to Director of Health Services,Odisha through CDMO. He also supervises food & water born disease control programme and Bio Medical Waste management programme of all peripheral institutions. Periodic epidemic reports are sent by him.He is also the Asst. Registrar of Birth & Death. He manages NUHM programme. He also works as Food Safety Officer. He supervises HIV Control programme in the district.

Asst.District Medical Officer (FW/Imm),Bhadrak The ADMO(FW/Imm) supervises maternal health & child health activities, National Immunisation programme, PC –PNDT Act, fixed family welfare services, standardization of Labour room, Maternal death review, child death review and implementation of RMNCH+

197 works. He also ensures safe operation procedures for scientific family planning operation. Laparoscopic operation, Mini lap. Operation and NSV is supervised by him. He is over all In- charge of Family Welfare activities and successful implementation of N.H.M. The programme launched now is RBSK programme which examines, identifies and suggests treatment for childhood disabling disease. They are visiting schools for RBSK works. They are also visiting Anganwadi Centre to identify diseases in early childhood. Besides, he also controls Ayush doctor activities under NRHM programme.

District Malaria Officer, Bhadrak The DMO supervises National Vector Born Disease Control Programme like control of Malaria, Dengue, Chikengunia, Filarosis etc. He supervises residual spray operation, identification & treatment and control of Malaria, control of Dengue and sensitization of community against spread of Dengue. He also supervises other activities like LLIN distribution.

District Tuberculosis Officer, Bhadrak The DTO supervises the RNTCP programme. Its implementation sputum examination case detection and DOTs treatment programme in the district. He also coordinates with HIV control programme.

District Leprosy Officer, Bhadrak The DLO supervises different activities to control Leprosy rehabilitation action for Leprosy patients and reconstructive surgery.

Disease Surveillance Medical Officer, Bhadrak The DSMO collects data of the prevalence of the diseases in the geographical areas of the district and categories its spread and sends reports to Director of Health Services,Odisha through CDMO.

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National Blindness Control Programme, Bhadrak The NBC programme supervises by DPM, DBCS in the district. He supervises identification, motivation & operation of all cataract cases. Also he is supervising School health examination for refractive error. Now he is also distributing glass for press-biopic persons.

Medical Health Institutions (2015):- Allopathic:- DHH- 01, Area Hospital-2, Urban PHC- 01, CHC- 07, PHC (N)-50, ANM Sub-centre- 178. DHH, Bhadrak Dhusuri Area Hospital & R.N.Eye Hospital Purunabazar Urban PHC CHC- Agarapada, Barapada, Bhnadaripokahri, Basudevpur, Chandbali, Dhamnagar, Tihidi

Name of the Block Name of C.H.C. P.H.C.(N) Bonth Agarapada (1)Bonth, (2)Adalpanka, (3)Kadabarang, (4)Kenduapada Bhadrak Barapada (1)Sabarang, (2)Arnapal, (3)Ambroli, (4)Chunida, (5)Ranital, (6)Kaupur Basudevpur Basudevpur (1)Betada, (2)Balimed, (3)Eram, (4)Naikanidihi, Basudevpur NAC (5)Barapur, (6)Ertal, (7)Baincha Bhandaripokhari B.Pokhari (1)Barikpur, (2)Manjuri, (3)Manjuri Road, (4)Biroli, (5)Rahania, (6)Jagannathprasad Chandbali Chandbali (1)Dhamara, (2)Aradi, (3)Ghanteswar, (4)Bansada, (5)Dolamandap, (6)Madhapur, (7)Orasahi, (8)Motto

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Dhamnagar Dhamnagar (1)Balipatana, (2)Asurali, (3)D.Anandpur, (4)Mahatabnagar, (5)Sahidnagar, (6)K.S.S.Narayanpur, (7)Hasanabad, (8)Kothar, (9)Sohada, (10)Nadigaon, (11)Khadimahara Tihidi Tihidi (1)Pirahat, (2)Bodak, (3)Bahabalpur, (4)Tiadisahi, (5)Bilana, (6)Alinagar, (7)Guamal

Blood Bank- 01 Blood Storage Centre- 06 Homeopathic Dispensary-25 Ayurvedic Dispensary-23 Unani-01 ESI Hospital-01 Railway Hospital-01 Private Nursing Home- Urban-11 & Rural-02

Health Staff: At present 41 Doctors/Specialists are working in 13 different Section at DHH, Bhadrak. In peripheral Health institutions the Medical Officer and Para-medical staffs are working as follows:

1- Medical Officer I/C (Sr.Cl-I)- 07 2-O&G Specialist-07 3-Paed.Specialist-06 4-Surgery Specialist-05 5-Medicine Specialist-05 6-Medical Officer of PHC(N)-50 7-MPHS(M)-48 8-MPHS(F)-32 9-MPHW(M)-160 10-MPHW(F)-272 11-ASHA Karmi- 1367 12-Laboratory Technician-29 13-Pharmacist-65 14-Staff Nurse-54

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Vaccination Programme:- The aim of National immunization programme is to make each and every child complete immunized within one year. As per the National immunisation schedule 1 dose of BCG, OPV & 1 dose of Hepatitis B has been administered as bar. One dose of H-B, DPT & OPV has been administered in 6th -10th- 14th week and one dose of measles after completion of 9months. In the year 2014-15 the district target was 26919. We have archived the BCG-24309, DPT, POLIO.H- B-26953 and Measles-25968. Full Immunized- 25901. TT PW- 27102.

Maternity & Child Mortality and Health Care:-

All the health schemes have been implemented as per National Scheduled programme. 35 health institutions of the district are declared as Delivery points. JSSK programme has been implemented in the district where six free services lime drugs, blood, diagnostic, transport, diet, service have been given to each and every pregnant women. Regular review has been undertaken in the district under the Chairmanship of the District Collector. The maternity mortality rate and infant mortality rate of the district is 108 per one lakh life births and 51 per one thousand life births respectively. Family Welfare Programme in the District:

The family planning clinics were established in all health institutions of the district where the different family planning services like limiting and spacing methods were made available. In all block head-qrs. CHCs each Monday has been observed as PARIBAR KALYAN DIWAS where male & female sterilization operation conducted and also providing IUD & PPIUCD services to eligible couples. Provision for door to door contraceptive has been implemented by ASHA. For the year 2014-15 the achievement for male sterilization is 13, while for Female it is 5076 and so also PPS-88, IUCD-7385, Oral Pill-7178 & CC-6231. Each year the district observes the Population Fortnight where extensive IEC activities have been undertaken to increase the awareness. The district has received award for achieving highest number of sterilization cases.

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Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation:-

Generally in rural areas of the district the people are depended on tube-well water for drinking purpose. The PHED & RWS&S have also installed the pipe water supply system in different blocks in different areas. The open well and tube well have been disinfected jointly by the Municipality/NAC and PHED/RWS&S with Health department.

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Chapter XIV Public and voluntary organization

Political Parties and Organization and pressure Groups

The Political parties both National and State Level and some of the political parties registered but not recognized are the political players in the District. Almost all the political parties take part in the Election starting from the ULBs Election to Parliamentary ConstituencyLevel. They also function as sponsoring parties in the Election to the post of Sarapanch, Samiti Members & Ward Members. Other than contesting elections, they also support and oppose various issues and work as pressure groups for mobilizing the legislators.

The list of political parties category wise given below.

National recognized Political Parties. Sl.No. Name of the Political Party Symbol 1 Indian National Congress Hand 2 Bharatiya Janata Party Lotus 3 Communist Party of India Ears of Corn and Sickle 4 Bahujan Samaj Party Elephant 5 Nationalist Congress Party Clock 6 Communist Party of Hammer, Sickle and Star India(Marxist)

State recognized Political Parties. Sl.No. Name of the Political Party Symbol 1 Biju Janata Dal Conch

State registered Political Parties(Other than National & State recognized Political parties)

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Sl.No. Name of the Political Party Symbol 1 Ama Admi Party Broom 2 Ama Odisha Party Pot 3 Odisha Janamorcha Kite 4 Samajwadi Party Bicycle

General and Assembly Elections.

A- Total No of Assembly Constituencies 05(Five) B- Total No voters 10,85,488 C- Total No of Booths 1234 D- Total No of BLOs appointed 1234 E- Total No of Master Trainers 10 F- Total No of Supervisory Officers appointed 115 G- No & Name of Assembly Constituency of Bhadrak District:- 43-Bhandaripokhari, 44-Bhadrak, 45-Basudevpur, 46-Dhamnagar (SC) & 47-Chandabali H- No & Name of the parliamentary constituency of Bhadrak District 7-Bhadrak (SC) {41-Soro, 42-Simulia, 43-B.Pokhari, 44-Bhadrak, 45-Basudevpur, 46- Dhamnagar & 47-Chandabali} BLOCK WISE BOOTH LIST OF BHADRAK DISTRICT

Sl. No No. & Name of the AC Name of the Block No. of Booth 1 Bonth Block 132 43-Bhandaripokhari 2 Bhandaripokhari Block 113 3 Bhadrak Block 176 44-Bhadrak 4 Bhadrak Municipality 68 5 Basudevpur Block 177 6 45-Basudevpur Basudevpur Municipality 26 7 Tihidi Block 52 8 Dhamnagar Block 169 46-Dhamnagar (SC) Tihidi Block 70 9 47-Chandabali Chandabali Block 203

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Tihidi Block 48 Total 1234

LIST OF TOTAL NO. OF POLLING STATIONS NEWLY CREATED AFTER RATIONALIZATION OF POLLING STATION ON 28/07/2013 Sl. No & Name of the No. of Booths before No of booths newly Total No. of No. A/C. rationalization created Polling Stations after rationalization. 1. 43- 235 10 245 Bhandaripokhari 2. 44-Bhadrak 224 20 244 3. 45-Basudevpur 236 19 255 4. 46-Dhamnagar(SC) 215 24 239 5. 47-Chandabali 233 18 251 Total:- 1091 91 1234

TOTAL VOTER IN BHADRAK DISTRICT AS ON 01/01/2015

Sl. Name of the A/C Voters as on 01.01.2015 No. 1 43-Bhandaripokhari 206235 2 44-Bhadrak 234220 3 45-Basudevpur 225226 4 46-Dhamnagar (SC) 208312 5 47-Chandabali 211495 G.TOTAL 10,85,488

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TOTAL VOTERS OF 7-BHADRAK (SC) PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCY No. & Name of the Voters Total Voters AC Male Female Other 1 3 4 5 8 41-Soro(SC) 100994 92426 2 193422

42-Simulia 110110 102931 8 213049

Total 211104 195357 10 406471

43-Bhandaripokhari 107674 98556 5 206235 44-Bhadrak 122647 111547 26 234220 45-Basudevpur 119533 105686 7 225226 46-Dhamnagar (SC) 110896 97404 12 208312 47-Chandabali 113036 98453 6 211495 Total 573786 511646 56 1085488

G.Total 784890 707003 66 1491959 After De-Limitation in 2004 the No. & Area of the Assembly Constituency changed as per table given below.

No. & Name of the AC Name of the Block Bonth Block 43-Bhandaripokhari Bhandaripokhari Block Bhadrak Block 44-Bhadrak Bhadrak Municipality Basudevpur Block Basudevpur Municipality 45-Basudevpur Tihidi Block Bhatapada, Saya, Bahabalpur, Sindol, Kolha, Mukundapur & Maharampur 46-Dhamnagar (SC) Dhamnagar Block

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Tihidi Block Paliabindha, Achaka, Dolasahi, Guamala, Talapada, Kubera, Bilana, Baro, Bodaka, Kaanpada, Shyamsundarpur & Talagopabindha Chandabali Block Tihidi Block Daulatpur, Bamanabindha, 47-Chandabali Jamjodi, Rajnagar, Barsar, Sahapur & Gobindapur

First Loksabha Election Odisha 1951-52 Balasore Parliamentary Constituencies before bifurcation from Balasore District

Sl. Name of the Winning Party Runners-up Party No candidate affiliation affiliation 1 Sri Kanhu Charan Jena INC Sri Sidheswar Jena Samajwadi Party 2 Sri Bhagabat Sahu INC Sri Nityananda Mohapatra Samajwadi Party

Second Loksabha Election Odisha 1957 Balasore Parliamentary Constituencies before bifurcation from Balasore District

Sl. Name of the Winning Party Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate affiliation 1 Sri Kanhu Charan Jena INC Sri Sidheswar Jena PSP 2 Sri Bhagabat Sahu INC Sri Karunakar Das PSP

Third Loksabha Election Odisha 1962 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party affiliation

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No candidate 1 Sri Kanhu Charan Jena INC Sri Sidheswar Jena PSP

Fourth Loksabha Election Odisha 1967 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate 1 Sri Dharanidhar Jena IND Sri B.C Das Swatantra

Fifth Loksabha Election Odisha 1971 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi INC Sri Sidheswar Jena UC

Sixth Loksabha Election Odisha 1977 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party Runners-up Party No candidate affiliation affiliation 1 Sri Bairagi Jena BLD Sri Arjun Charan Sethi INC 1,98,977 1,27,400

Seventh Loksabha Election Odisha 1980 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi INC(I) Sri Bairagi Jena Janata(S) 2,18,002 93,967 Eighth Loksabha Election Odisha 1984 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate

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1 Sri Ananta Pr. Sethi INC Sri Mangaraj Mallik Janata 2,56,854 1,89,435

Ninth Loksabha Election Odisha 1989 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate 1 Sri Mangaraj Mallik Janata Dal Sri Ananta Pr. Sethi INC 3,76,546 2,70,019

Tenth Loksabha Election Odisha 1991 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party Runners-up Party No candidate affiliation affiliation 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi Janata Dal Sri Netrananda Independent 2,56,690 Mallick 2,45,751

Eleventh Loksabha Election Odisha 1996 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate 1 Sri Muralidhar Jena INC Sri Ratha Das Janata Dal 3,36,265 2,71,693

Twelfth Loksabha Election Odisha 1998 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party Runners-up Party affiliation No candidate affiliation 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi B.J.D Sri Muralidhar INC 3,50,322 Jena

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3,16,744

Thirteenth Loksabha Election Odisha 1999 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party Runners-up Party No candidate affiliation affiliation 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi B.J.D Sri Panchanan Mandal INC 3,97,450 2,75,017

Fourteenth Loksabha Election Odisha 2004 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party No candidate affiliation 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi B.J.D Sri Muralidhar INC 4,89,200 Jena 3,94,431

Fifteenth Loksabha Election Odisha 2009 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party affiliation Runners-up Party No candidate affiliation 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi B.J.D Sri Ananta Pr. Sethi INC 4,16,808 3,61,870

Sixteenth Loksabha Election Odisha 2014 for Bhadrak Parliamentary Constituencies.

Sl. Name of the Winning Party Runners-up Party No candidate affiliation affiliation 1 Sri Arjun Charan Sethi B.J.D Sri Sangram Keshari INC 5,02,338 Jena

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3,22,979

1st Legislative Assembly Election-1977 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 18- Sri Kapila Charan Janata Sri Arjun INC Bhandaripokhari(SC) Sethi Charan Sethi 20,683 9,340 2 19-Bhadrak Sri Ratnakar Janata Sri Jugal kishore INC Mohanty Pattanaik 18,605 10,612 3 20-Dhamnagar Sri Hrudananda Janata Sri Jagannath INC Mallick Rout 24,720 20,879 4 21-Chandabali (SC) Sri Gangadhar Janata Sri Ghanashyam INC Das Das 26,493 16,455 5 22-Basudevpur Sri Nilamani Janata Sri Jagabandhu INC Routray Das 28,649 24,739

2nd Legislative Assembly Election-1980 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 18- Sri Purusottam INC(I) Sri Ratha Kumar CPI Bhandaripokhari(SC) Sethi Das 26,112 16,926

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2 19-Bhadrak Sri Jugal kishore INC Sri Nirakar Jena CPI(M) Pattanaik 17,340 26,914 3 20-Dhamnagar Sri Jagannath INC(I) Sri Janata(S) Rout Hrudannanda 37,457 Mallick 21,498 4 21-Chandabali (SC) Sri Netrananda INC(I) Sri Manmahon Janata(S) Mallick Das 29,753 20,393 5 22-Basudevpur Sri Jagabandhu INC(I) Sri Bijayashree Janata(S) Das Routray 30,446 21,838

3rd Legislative Assembly Election-1985 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 18- Sri Panchanan INC Sri Arjun Ch. Janata Bhandaripokhari(SC) Mandal Sethi 27,352 26,320 2 19-Bhadrak Sri Jugal kishore INC Sri Nilamani Janata Pattanaik Routray 35,181 28,637 3 20-Dhamnagar Sri Jagannath Rout INC Sri Janata 35,238 Hrudannanda Mallick 29,350 4 21-Chandabali (SC) Sri Netrananda INC Sri Bairagi Jena Janata Mallick 33,682 38,963 5 22-Basudevpur Sri Madhusudan INC Sri Bijayashree Janata Panigrahi Routray

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35,153 34,978

4th Legislative Assembly Election-1990 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 18- Sri Sri Arjun Ch. Janata Dal Sri Purusottam INC Bhandaripokhari(SC) Sethi Sethi 56,391 20,027 2 19-Bhadrak Sri Prafulla Samal Janata Dal Sri Jugal INC 53,066 Kishore Pattanaik 35,920 3 20-Dhamnagar Sri Hrudananda Janata Dal Sri Jagannath INC Mallick Rout 52,620 34,384 4 21-Chandabali (SC) Sri Bairagi Jena Janata Dal Sri Netrananda INC 57,040 Mallick 39,776 5 22-Basudevpur Sri Bijayashree Janata Dal Sri INC Routray Purnachandra 54,340 Nayak 44,129

5th Legislative Assembly Election-1995 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 18- Sri Sri Arjun Ch. Janata Dal Sri Ananta INC Bhandaripokhari(SC) Sethi Sethi

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49,944 46,312 2 19-Bhadrak Sri Prafulla Samal Janata Dal Sri Jugal Independent 54,471 Kishore Pattanaik 27,943

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3 20-Dhamnagar Sri Jagannath INC Sri Manas Janata Dal Rout Ranjan Mallick 49,547 48,586 4 21-Chandabali (SC) Sri Netrananda INC Sri Bairagi Jena Janata Dal Mallick 36,132 48,238 5 22-Basudevpur Sri Bijayashree Janata Dal Smt. Minakshee INC Routray Nayak 55,732 55,378

6th Legislative Assembly Election-2000 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 18- Sri Ratha Das B.J.D Kumar Sri INC Bhandaripokhari(SC) 59,441 Chiranjib 39,789 2 19-Bhadrak Sri Biren Pallai INC Sri Prafulla B.J.D 55,051 Samal Pattanaik 54,519 3 20-Dhamnagar Sri Manas Ranjan Independent Sri Manmohan B.J.P Mallick Samal 38,547 36,844 4 21-Chandabali (SC) Sri Bishnu Ch. B.J.P Sri Netrananda INC Sethi Mallick 59,225 50,628 5 22-Basudevpur Sri Bijayashree B.J.D Smt. Minakshee INC Routray Nayak 60,203 47,054

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7th Legislative Assembly Election-2004 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 18-Bhandaripokhari(SC) Sri Ananta Sethi INC Sri Ratha Das B.J.D 61,221 59,675 2 19-Bhadrak Sri Naren Pallai INC Sri Prafulla B.J.D 66,016 Samal Pattanaik 61,204 3 20-Dhamnagar Sri Manmohan B.J.P Sri Jagannath INC Samal Rout 63,557 34,615 4 21-Chandabali (SC) Sri Netrananda INC Sri Bishnu Ch. B.J.D Mallick Sethi 54,474 52,999 5 22-Basudevpur Sri Bijayashree B.J.D Sri INC Routray Madhabananda 72,983 Mallick 67,091

8th Legislative Assembly Election-2009 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 43- Sri Sri Prafulla B.J.D Sri Badri INC Bhandaripokhari Samal 60,250 Narayan Dhal 39,840 2 44-Bhadrak Sri Sri Jugal B.J.D Sri Naren Pallai INC

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Kishore Pattanaik 53,866 75,294 3 45- Basudevpur Sri Bijayashree B.J.D Sri INC Routray Madhabananda 70,856 Mallick 64,016 4 46-Dhamnagar Sri Rajendra Ku. B.J.D Sri Bishnu Ch. B.J.P (SC) Das Sethi 48,424 43,480 5 47-Chandabali Sri Bijay Nayak B.J.D Sri Amiya Ku. INC 58,467 Mohapatra 50,854

9th Legislative Assembly Election-2014 of Bhadrak District

Sl. Name of the Name of the Party Runners-up Party No Constituency Winning affiliation affiliation candidate 1 43- Sri Sri Prafulla B.J.D Sri Badri B.J.P Bhandaripokhari Samal 70,173 Narayan Dhal 28,809 2 44-Bhadrak Sri Sri Jugal B.J.D Sri Naren Pallai INC Kishore Pattanaik 56,995 80,582 3 45- Basudevpur Sri Bijayashree B.J.D Sri INC Routray Madhabananda 77,781 Mallick 71,275 4 46-Dhamnagar Sri Muktikanta B.J.D Sri Bishnu Ch. B.J.P (SC) Mandal Sethi 71,538 62,346 5 47-Chandabali Sri Byomkesh Ray B.J.D Sri Amiya Ku. INC 68,557 Mohapatra

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43,674

Civil Society Organization and their functions

Sl.No. Name of the Organization Functions 1 Discover Odisha Organizing Blood donation, trees Plantation, Promoting tourist destination, Anti mosquito Programme, Drainage cleaning. 2 Bhadrak Yuva Mancha Organizing Blood donation 3 Maa Basanti Durga Committee Organizing Blood donation, sanitation 4 Aama Bhadrak Organizing awareness programme 5 Mahabir deaf & dumb School Sanitation, tree plantation 6 Veda Karmakanda Vidyashram Cultural Promotion

NGOs and their Activities List of NGOs working under Social Welfare Section, Bhadrak Sl. No Name of the NGO Address Activities applied/ Taken 1 2 3 4 1 Centre for Rehabilitation At/Po: Charampa, Special School for Spastic Services & Research (CRSR) Children, ADIP Scheme 2 Mahabir Training & Research At/Po: Charampa School for Deaf & Dumb Centre for Rural Development, 3 VIJAYA, -417, Sahid Nagar, At Present Erein, School for Bina Pani Hellen Bhubaneswar, Charampa Killer School for Deaf, Dumb & Blind Girls 4 Balasore Handicapped Welfare R.N. Betera, Bhadrak Spl. School for Blind Society 5 Society for Weaker Community Bada Shankarpur, Women Welfare , Swadhar, Po/Dist: Bhadrak, Short Stay Home 6 Nikhila Utkal Harijana Adivasi At:- Aparti Pur Women Welfare -Ujjawala

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Seva Sangha, PO:- Matipaka, Basudevpur 7 Gandhi Odisha Balashram, At/Po:- Garad Pur, Orphanage Bhadrak, 8 Yogi Rushi Lachhaman Das At/Po:- Dolosahi, Tihidi Orphanage Sishu Ashram 9 Utkalmani Daridra Narayan At:- Chandiapada, Orphanage Seva Mandira Po:- Langudi 10 Mahapurusha Ashram, At:- Kanjiapal, Orphanage PO:- Khadiapada, Bhadrak 11 Santi Asharam, At/Po:- Tihidi, Bhadrak Orphanage 12 Fellowship Women’s College, Women Welfare Santhia 13 Acharya Integral Education & At/PO:- Sahada Old Age Home Development Society, 14 Damodar Jew Sevayatan At- Gabasahi,Po- Centralised Kitchen under MDM Bhadrak 15 MINA, At/PO:- Rahania, THR( Chhatua) under SNP Bhandaripokhari 16 Sahayoga India, Women's College Road, Multy Facility Care Centre for Bhadrak Older Widow 17 Utkalia Hindu Dharma Sansad, At/PO:- Sundar Pur, Free Coaching and Allied Dhusuri Scheme for candidates Belonging to the Minority Community 18 Jungalee Unayan Parisad At:- Erein, Charampa Help line and Counseling Centre for older person 19 Mahila Unayana Patha Gara, At:- Gadi, Po:- Bidei Pur, Sensitization of School and Dist:- Bhadrak College Student on aged care 20 Organisation for Rural Women At:- Kundibag, Multy F acility Care Centre for

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& Agriculture Development ( PO:- Bhadrak Older Widow ORWAD), 21 SOPORTE, Aradi Chhak, Bhadrak Awareness for AIDS 22 VANDHU, Bhandaripokhari Day Care Centre for Older Women 23 Baba Saheb Ambedkar Human At/po- Kasimpur, Resource Development Centre, Via- Asurali 24 ICDA, College Chhak, Bhadrak 25 Kalinga Bikas Parisad Kuansh, Bhadrak 26 MIRACLE, Baradeswar Chhak, Kenduapada 27 NASWA, Salandi Colony, By Pass 28 New Light Motto, Chandbali 29 PAID, Barik Pur, Bhadrak 30 Pallishree, Agarapada 31 Pragati Jubak Sangha At/Po- Dhusuri, Dist- Bhadrak 32 READ, Basuedevpur 33 Sakhyam Talagopobindha, Tihidi 34 SAMPARK, At:- Mahura, PO:- Barik Pur 35 SD Womens Federation, Chandbali 36 Seva Bharati, Uttarbahini, 37 Seva Mandir, Khandatara 38 SUBHAM, At/PO:-Bodak, Guamal,Tihidi 39 DISA, Puruna Bazar, Bhadrak 40 Dr. Ambedkar Rural Olympic At:- Ranital, Association, Via:- Charampa

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News Paper and Periodical Published in the District:

Literacy Periodical Published & Magazines

1. The Beura 2. Salandi Samachar 3. Swaraj Barta 4. Ghasa Phoola 5. Byanga Pashara 6. Amruta Darsan 7. Nua Jugar Nua Sakala 8. Sakala 9. Katha Kahas

ADULT LITERACY ACTIVITIES

Bhadrak District is situated in the northern part of Orissa & it has been bifurcated from undivided Balasore District on April 1993. Bhadrak has taken an important role during independence movement. This District is famous for its cultural heritage. Many eminent persons like Dr. Harekrushna Mahatab, Kantakabi Lamikanta Mohapatra Jatiya Kabi Banchanidhi Mohanty, Kabisekhar Chintamani Mohanty, Md. Haniff etc. were born in this soil. Bhadrak is proud & famous for Lord Akhandalmani & Maa Bhadrak Kali Temple. The establishment of Interim Test Range at Inner wheel Island and Dhamara Port are identified at International Level.

This district has good communication facilities with different parts of the country as NH- 5 & SE Railway passed in the middle of the district.

Through the change of socio economic development in this district is in progress, freedom from poverty, illiteracy, ignorance district needs specially for neo-literates the extension of present system through continuing education for self learning.

The establishment of National Literacy Mission (NLM) in 1988 has given importance to literacy on the national agenda. National Literacy Mission has created conducive atmosphere to

221 develop interest of the illiterates for learning. To bring an end to the ensuing problems, nationwide awareness campaign were organized. Planning for literacy, keeping in view the magnitude & complexity of the situation was thought in several spheres. National Literacy Mission chalked out plan for Total Literacy Campaign, Scientific & Technical inputs were used for the development of a society. With this, Total Literacy Campaign brought into action, in the district followed by Post Literacy Campaign and continuing Education activities.

Continuing Education gives opportunity for neo-literates and school dropouts for retention of their literacy skills, continuation of learning beyond elementary literacy and application of their learning for improving their living conditions. This will also include learning all the members of the community interested in availing opportunities for lifelong learning. We will have to evolve our own techniques based on what would succeed with their own preoccupations We will have to identify such volunteers with outstanding examples of commitment from among the lot of TLC/ PLP who will be able to handle these groups in different continuing education centers.

Total Literacy Campaign:

Bhadrak District was enlisted under TLC from 1999 and followed by the Post Literacy from August’02. In the District Total Literacy Campaign completed successfully with tremendous local support. External Evaluation was done by external agency and the achievement of TLC is 72.24% as per evaluation report. Accounts of TLC has been settled by sanctioning authority i.e. HRD Department Govt. of India.

Post Literacy Programme:

To sustain the literacy skill of the neo-literates with self learning to use in their occupational, functioning PL Programme was started from Nov-02. It is proposed to complete the programme by October-2003.

Due to non-receipt of funds from NLM as well as state Govt. the programme was discontinued from 1.11.03 to 13.4.05. After receipt of funds the programme was continued from 1.5.05 to 31.7.05 & further continued up to January’06 for external evaluation.

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At present 3000 PLP center with enrolment of 1,50,000 learners are functioning in the district in the meantime external evaluation has been competed by Management Development Institute Gurugaon and reports has been received on 31.3.06. The result is 68%.

Continuing Education is an opportunity to engage in lifelong learning for neo-literates and the dropouts who discontinue the primary School. Without the continuation of learning the neo-literates the motto of TLC & PLP cannot be fulfilled. Continuing Education is the only programme which can help the retention and up gradation of skill.

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CHAPTER- XV

PLACES OF INTEREST AND TOURISM

BHADRAK –A LAND OF EMERAID BEAUTY

Being separated from the District of Balasore, Bhadrak lost its Sub-divisional status in the year 1993 and elevated to the status of a District. The headquarter town of the District of Bhadrak ideally located on N.H. 05 which connects both major cities of India like Kolkata & Chennai. The History of Bhadrak has been glorified both ancient and modern as the economic, socio religious, cultural and political field speak a lot of things about the district. The most unique event took place in the field of literature giving birth to an eminent poet like KantakabiLaxmikantaMohapatra and participation of Bhadrak in the freedom struggle and the incident at Eram 28(Twentyeight) people became SAHEED including a woman named PariBewa made the place a place of sacrifice for the cause of the nation. In the Political field the District has been glorified by giving birth to personalities like Dr. HarekrushnaMahatab and Shri NilamaniRoutray who subsequently become the Chief Ministers of Odisha.

PLACES OF INTEREST Anapal

Anapal is situated on the southern bank of the Nalia, a branch of the river Salandi , at a distance of 9.6 Km from Bhadrak town. The place is important for the deity Lord Ananta. A canopy of seven-hooded snake is found over the head of this image. Of the four hands of the deity, the upper right hand holds akshamala and the lower left hand rests on an attendant. Two other hands of the deity have been mutilated. The two female attendents are carved on the sides of the deity. The figure of Lord Ananta which was originally built in dark chlorite stone has lost much of its original color due to the exposure. The image has been installed on a masonry pedestal.

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Apanda

Apanda is a village in Bant community Development Block of Bhadrak subdivision . It is situated in Bant community development Block of Bhadrak subdivision. It is situated at a distance of 23 Km from Bhadrak town and approachable by an all weather road. It is 2 Km from Bant.

The village is known for its beautiful Buddha image in Dhyanamudra pose placed on a raised platform made of laterite stone .The image measures 5 feet 6 inches(1.6764m) in height and 2 feet 8 inches (0.8128 m) in breadth. In Orissa, this type of Buddha image is rare on account of its iconographical features. It is declared as a protected monument by the Odisha State Archaeology,Bhubaneswar.

Besides, the village contains the temples dedicated to Basuli, SwapneswarMahadev,GopalJew,Shyamasundar Jew and Mangala.

Aradi

Aradi is situated 2.5 Km north of the Baitarani in ChandbaliTahasil. It is 11 Km from Chandbali . From Chandbali one can go to Aradi by country boat or motor lunch through the river Baitarani. Recently , a road has been constructed from Bhadrak to reach Aradi(distance 37 Km) by regular bus service. A panthasala has been constructed to cater to the needs of the pilgrims by the Tourism Department, Government of Odisha.

Aradi has earned the distinction of a religious centre due to the location of the famous Akhandlamani Siva temple. This temple is situated in a picturesque spot on the bank of the river Baitarani. The vimana as well as the Jagamohan of the temple are of recent built. Both the structures are designed as pidha temple and thickly plastered. The Bhabja rulers of the ex-estate of kanika had constructed his religious shrine. It brought to this holy place. On the day of Sivaratri a large festival is held here and thousands of pilgrims congregate for worshiping Lord Shiva. A big mela is held on the occasion where shopkeepers do a brisk business. The number of pilgrims coming to this place increases in the month of Baisakh(April-May) when many devotees come for a holy ablution of the deity. Besides , regular assemble of devotees

225 takes place everyday specially on Mondays. The temple is mnaged by a Board of Trustee.

The village contains a High English School, Ayurvedicdispensary, post office ,Revenue Rest Shed and inspection bungalow. A bi-weekly market sits here on every Sunday and Thrusday.

Bhadrak

Bhadrak is a town and headquarters of the subdivision of the same name, situated in 21 degree 3’ N. and 86 degree 31’E, on the bank of the river Salandi . The town derives its name from the goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple stands at 8 km from the town. It is an important railway station are carried on here daily. It is also an important commercial centre of the district. It is situated on the national Highway No.5 Buses ply regularly from here to different places of the district.

A large gathering takes place at the temple of Kali during kali puja every year which is observed quite ceremoniously. The temple of sainthia in the adjoining village of that name contains a portion of the quilt of Shri Chaitanya ,who is said to have left it by the side of the old trunk road during his travels in Odisha . it is regarded as relic of great sanctity by the vaishnavites.

Mughal tamasa was a unique form of folk drama written and staged by bansiballahavgoswami at Bhadrak during sixteenth century. It was a type of farcical or satirical play depicting the decadent life-style and maladministration of the Mirjas(the AfganJagirdars) their countries and menials. These Tamasas were also called ChaitiTamasa as they were enacted towards the end of the month of Chaitra(March-April) in open –air pendal in front of Siva temple.

The town contains Government offices, High English Schools both for boys and girls, colleges for men and women ,police station, inspection bungalow, rest Shed ,hotels and lodges, commercial banks, public library ,railway station, film house, Industrial Estate, Charge Chrome Plant, Hospitals, Church, Mosques, daily market, post and Telegraph office and telephone Exchange . It is also S.E Railways district headquarters . The civic affairs of the town are managed by a municipality.

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Bhadrakali

The village Bhadrakali is situated at a distance of 8 km from Bhadrak town. The place is important for the Goddess Bhadrakali installed in an old temple, recently renovated . The deity is usually kept under the coverage of heavy costumes. The goddess is four-armed, seated in lalita pose on a lotus pedestal. Her mount , the lion is placed on the pedestal. She carries a baby on the left lap and brandishes a sword in one of Maharaja Surasarma a pious lady named renghalionated some objects to the goddess varnadevatibya special arrangement with mahakulapati Agnisarma. The date of the inscription has been assigned to the 3rd century A.D on palaeographical grounds. It has been preserved in the epigraphic gallery of the Jayadev Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar. The Jagannath temple inside the campus of Bhadrakali temple has been removed but the joint venture of the Odisha State Archaeology and the Endowment deptt., of the Government of Odisha.

Chandbali

Chandbali is situated on the left bank of the Baitarani river 13 km. west of its confluence with the Brahmani and 31 km from its mouth in 20degree 47 ‘N and 86 degree 45’ E . It owes its existence to the enterprise of captain Mc Neill who sailed up the Dhamara with T.E Ravenshaw , the then commissioner of Odisha, with the object of discovering a suitable site for a port. Chandbali which was then a small village occupied by a few fishermen’s huts ,was found to combine the advantages of high position free from all risks of inundation and sufficient depth of water in immediate proximity to the river bank. Captain MC Neill obtained a lease for a small area of land by arrangement with the local zamindar. Subsequently, government recognizing the advantage of the site, acquired an area of 72.4389 hectares (179 acres) which formed the Chandbali Khasmahal. The lands leased to Captain Mc Neill eventually passed into the hands of the India general Steam Navigation Company and Messrs. Mc Neill and Co..to whom leases were granted by government in 1877.

Chandbali was the most important port of Odisha, through its trade diminished since the opening of the railway. The exports consisted mainly of rice, and the chief imports were cotton twist, piece-goods, kerosene oil, salt and gunny

227 bags. The value of the exports in 1905-06 was Rs.33.5 lakhs and of the imports rs.28.5 lakhs. The trade in commodities was supplemented by a considerable passenger traffic and in 1905-06, the steamers of the India General Steam navigation and Railway company and the Rivers Steam Navigation Company, brought 41,500 passengers while 40,800 passengers left the port.

With the advent of railway and opening of road communication the port lost its importance . Now the major portion of the trade is carried on y Bhadrak railway Station which is situated at a distance of 52 km. Goods are also exported and imported by Road way.

Goddess Dakesvari is installed in a temple and is widely revered by the sea firing people. The image of Dakesvari is a representation of 12-armed Mahisa Mardini Durga in the premises of the Dakesvari temple there are afew archaeological remains including Buddhist Avalokitesvara ,Jaintrinthanker and Brahminical Goddess.

There are college, high English schools, daily markets ,dispensary, block development offices, Tahasil office ,inspection banglows, post and telegraph office, commercial banks and a few Government offices .

Charmpa

Charmpa is an important commercial centre of the district and is located on the national Highway no.5 near Bhadrak. The place has yielded a large hoard of Jaina images of which four have been shifted to the Jayadev Odisha State Museum, Bhubaneswar for preservation. The site of discovery of these sculptures is located on the eastern bank of the Rahania tank, also locally known as Baralapokhari. It is the largest tank of the area comprising about twenty acres of land which is now filled with weeds. At present there is no one Parsvanath image at the site which represents similar pattern of execution with the other four tirthankara images shifted to the Jayadev Odisha State Museum. A canopy of seven-hooded snake is found over its head.

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In addition to the above noted sculptures an image of Ambika ,the sasanadevi of Neminath , is worshipped as gramadevati on an open mandap of the village. This image was recovered from the tank during the time of renovation. In the middle of the village there are a number of Brahminical divinities kept on an another open mandap. The images of Kartikeya and Mahisamardini Durga of this group are in a fair sate of preservation. The villagers worship them under the name of Pathara Santani. God Hanuman is also worshiped in the Hanuman temple located here.

Dhamnagar

Dhamnagar is a village in the south of the Bhadrak Subdivision situated 22.5 km south-east of Bhadrak. The name is probably corruption of Dharmanagar, a designation given to the village because in the time of the independent Hindu kings of Odisha. It contained a great Hindu monastery, presided over by an ascetic who gave alms to pilgrims on the road to Jajpur and Puri.

There are police-station, post office, college, High English School, dispensary, Tahasil office, Sub-registrar’s office, Block development Office and market.

Dhamara

Dhamara is 24 km downstream from Chandbali on the mouth of the river Baitarani and approachable by motor launch. Recently an all-weather road(48 km in length) has been constructed connecting Dhamara with Basudevpur to facilitate transportation of fish from the recently constructed fishing harbour at Dhamara. Being the confluence of river Baitarani and Brahmani with the sea at Chandinipal it has a special appeal for the tourist’s loving thrill and adventure . Once an important port of Odisha, it lost its importance with the advent of railway and silting up the river mouth.

Presently, the port is chiefly used for fishing purpose. A two hundred metres long and eight metres wide landing quay has been constructed to facilitate loading and unloading of fish from trawlers. The minimum depth at the quay is two metres at the lowest tide level. Sheds have been constructed for auction as well as for taking of

229 fishes in ice for transportation. An ice factory has been set up in the private sector . The port has its own piped water supply system for supplying drinking water . A boat repairing yard with a slipway and transfer track has been built for repairing boats ,trawlers and other floating vessels. A small workshop has also been set up for repairing the machineries of the port.

The light house at shortt’s Island at about 20km from Dhamara which was put to use 1888 as a navigational aid, has disused since long. So, port signal and storm warning stations have been constructed at Dhamara and Chandinipal.

There are High English school, post office ,inspection bungalow and a weekly market.

Eram

Eram in Basudevpur police-station of the district stands as a testimony to the spirit of a national struggle which the common people had developed through the final phase of the Gandhian Movement. The most tragic event of the August revolution of 1942 took place here. Where the tragedy of the nature of Jallianwalla Bagh was enacted killing the largest number of men at any single place and in single repressive measure in the whole of India. Here , the police party opened fire on the unarmed villagers and killed 29 persons on the spot.

A detailed account on the incidence has been given in chapter II(History).

Gohiratikiri

Gohiratikri is located at a distance of about 8 km from Jajpur in Cuttack district and close to Kharipada in this district where a series of Buddhist icons datable to the Bhaumakara period have been discovered. A large stretch of vacant land has been identified as the battle ground where Mukunda Deva, the last Hindu ruler of Odisha , lost his life in 1568 A.D.

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Guamal

Guamal , a village in Tihidi of Bhadrak sub-division is famous for the Kumareswar temple . The temple facing west stands close to the paddy field at the and of the village.

The temple complex consists of a Rekha deula and an open Mukhamandap .The roof of the Mukhamandap has collapsed . The approximate height of the temple is 15.24 meters (50feet) from the ground level. Due to heavy plastering of the outer surface of the temple it is not possible to see the architectural design and the decorative art. A Padukanala , a large sized bull and many decorative fragments of the temple are preserved in the premises of the temple area. A large piece of stone depicting a Gajasimha Motif and another containing an aerobic scene are lying near tree in front of the temple . The inner and outer walls of the Jagamohan preserve figures of Bamana. Baraha, Yama and a few other Brahminical divinities. An inscription containing three lines on piece of stone is fixed in the inner wall of the Jagamohan . The door-jambs of the Sanctum are fashioned with figures of Ganga and Yamuna on their respective mounts . The temple has been brought under the conservation programme of the Odisha State Archaeology, Bhubaneswar.

Kaupur

Kaupur is a village in Bhadrak Police station, situated 13 km north-west of Bhadrak town. It is ascertained from the Punjha records preserved in the Odisha archives , Bhubaneswar , that the ancestors of the Zamindars of Kaupur came to Bhadrak during the time of Murshid Quli Khan in the early part of 18th Century A.D.

The place abounds with a rich collection of stone, sculptures ranging from 7th to 13th Century A.D in the niches of the walls of a small modern brick-build house on the bank of river Salandi are lodged 7 stone sculptures of which three are Uma- Maheswar two are Surya images and one each of Garuda and Ganesh. Some of these are in good state of preservation exhibiting their high standard of workmanship. Except for some minor differences both the Surya images are designed alike. In front of them there is an image of Garuda . This is an unique specimen of Garuda in view of the fact that Garuda in Yogasana pose on a lotus Pedestal has not been reported

231 elsewhere in Odisha so far. Garuda images of mediaeval Odisha where normally designed as seated ,Kneeling in right knee with folded hands, hooked nose and spread out wings . So the image of Garuda of Kaupur possibly belongs an earlier period . Of the three Uma-Maheswar images, the first one is in a good state of preservation . The second image of Uma-Maheswar is much damaged . The third image of Uma- Maheswar is carved seated in Lalitasana pose facing to the front .

In another part of the village are found two images kept under a tree of which one is Narasimha incarnation of Bishnu . It has terrific look with two long teeth protruding out on two sides. The wig type curling hair of the figure is noteworthy . In another portion of the village a few images of the Brahminical Pantheon are kept . There is a fine image of Tara of the Buddhist Pantheon lying under a tree by the side of the road leading to the village. Standing on a lotus pedestal she displays Varada Mudra in the right hand while the left hand is placed over a female attendant astanding closely with a lotus stalk. To the right a devotee is seen in Anjali hasta . Five Dhyani Buddha figures are carved in a row at the top.

Close to the village on the dry sandy bed of Salandi, there is a spring called Devakunda which is regarded as sacred . At Dashing, one Km to the east on the Salandi there is Garh called Bhimagarh .Inside the river there is Bhima Chola consisting of 3 pillars .

At Kaupur , there are maternity and child welfare centre , post office and weekly market which sits on every Monday.

Kharipada

Kharipada in Dhamnagar Police Station of Bhadrak Subdivision ,is a famous place of old Mahayanic cult.A few colossal and life size images of Budha and bodhisattva have been recovered from this place and preserved in Jayadev Odisha State Museum,Bhubaneswar. A number of such images are still lying in the locality inside the mounds of bebris. This indicates that there was a Budhist Stupa at the site when Budhism was in its glorious form. Gohiratikiri, a site in the close neighbourhood of kharipada was identified by some scholars as the capital of the

232 bhaumakars. Solampur, another prominent Budhist site of the district is situated at a distant of 11 Km. From this place.

The colossal Budha images of Kharipada preserved in the Jayadev Odisha State Museum are noted for the peculiar style in which they are built .The Budha image that is seated in Bhumisparsamudra revels richness plastic art with broad shoulders, long and rounded hands, smooth briest and fleshy chins .It is around 1.8288 Mtrs. (6Feets) in height and has solidity and weight . Its slim waist and thick chest as well as the straight neck impart to it a vigorous look .The other Budha statue preaching posture is less artistic than the one referred ,but built more ingeniously .The gestures of the hands indicating the turning of the Wheel of low are imperfectly carved with little artistic merit.

The padmaapani avalokipesvar image bearing the inscription of the time of Subhakara Deva 1 of Bhaumakara Dynasty is carved standing on a double petalled lotus pedestal. Of the two hands, the right one is broken and the left one holds the stem of the lotus flower. The face and the right leg are badly damaged. The inscription incised on the side of the slab in the characters of the 8th-9th century A.D. records the gift of the image by Rahularuchi, the Mahamandalacharya and Paramguru, i.e the teacher of the great division and the supreme preceptor during the time of Subhakara Deva 1,the celebrated patron of Mahayana Budhism.

Narendrapur

The village Narendrapur on the way to Chandbali from Bhadrak is famous for the remnants of archaeological interest. Ahuge image of Barahi, as large as the one preserved in the premises of the Officers quarters at Jajpur district , is the presiding deity of the place besides it has several Sivalingas and ruined shrines. A tradition current in the locality reveals that beautiful Sivalinga were exported to south-east Asian countries from there through Dhamara port. To substantiate this tradition even now we find large hoards of Sivalingas in various shapes and sizes , lying scattered in and around the village . Goddess Patamangala of this village attracts large numbers of devotees from the surrounding areas. Goddess Dakeswari

233 of Chandabali and Goddess Dhamara appear to have some connection in the past with goddess Patamangala.

Paliabindha

Paliabindha is a small village located at a distance of 6.4 km. from Dolasahi of Bhadrak subdivision and famous for a temple dedicated to God Biranchinarayan. The original temple was broken and was restored recently by the local people. Two door jambs of the eastern door way which might have originally belong to a Siva temple have been affixed by mistake in the present temple at the time of renovation. The sculptures and carvings of the door jambs are similar to the Siva temple found in Bhubaneswar and khiching in Mayurbhanja District belonging to the 10th-11th century A.D. Inside the temple is installed the image of sun God , popularly known as Biranchinarayan. On a square sized stone alters slightly tempering towards the top are carved four images of the sun God on the four sides . The figures hold lotus flowers in their hands. The lower portions of the images below the waist lines are covered with clothes . The temple has the unique distinction of four door entrances , absence of pyramidal Jagamohan, provision of a platform and installation of the old God Biranchinarayan facing to four directions.

Inside the sanctum, figures of Ananta Sayi Bishnu , Mahisa Mardini Durga, and lord Srikrishna lifting the mountain Gobardhan are placed . They were probably obtained from some other sides and kept here for worship. The image of Durga is 10 armed displaying attributes life sword ,disc, spear, dagger, shield, bow, arrow, snake, conch and tail of the buffalo demon .The deity is in the attitude of killing the demon who appears to be emerging from the decapitated , body of the buffalo in human form . The figure of a Ananta Sayi Bishnu is seen resting on the coils of snake(Ananta), Brahma sited on a lotus flower originating from the naval region of Bishnu while Sri Devi and Bhudevi stand on the sides in folded hands . The third piece is identified Sri Krishna uplifting the mountain Gobardhan.

There are high English school,college,Gram Panchayat office and post Office.

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Solampur

Solampur is a village in Bhandaripokhari Police Station of Bhadrak subdivision situated opposite to Jajpur town from which it is separated by the river Baitarani. The village finds mentioned in the Neulpur copper plate of Subhakar Deva I (790 A.D) of the famous Bhaumakara Dynasty of Odisha. The place is famous for the discovery of a large number of Mahayani and Tantric Buddhist deities . Some of these archaeological relics are in damaging condition. The images fixed to the niches of the outer walls of the Raghunath temple of the village exhibits remarkable style of art of the early mediaeval period. The notable statue among this group is the one representing in a slab of stone the eight great events associated with the life of Goutam Buddha . The main image is that , Buddha seated in Bhumisparsa Mudra. To the left of him at the bottom is depicted his birth seen from Maya Devi . Just above it he (Buddha) is found turning wheel of Dharma. The top most figure illustrates Mahaparinirvan of Buddha at Kusinara. Below this figure and just above the head of the main image are to be found the representation of six Manasi Buddha. Such sculptures are found in several places of India during the Gupta and the post-Gupta period. But the Solampur figure is remarkable by its neat precision and artistic carving which may be regarded as one of the finest specimen of its kind.

Avalokitesvar image of this place sitting on a lotus throne may be compared with that of Avalokitesvar image found in Ratnagiri and Vaisravan image found in Udayagiri, both in Cuttack district. The image of Tara in trivanga pose which has been attached to the outer wall of the temple narrated above reveals the artistic influence of Ratnagiri on the place. The standing image of abalokiteswar flanked by two small figures of Tara is product of decaying period. The Chlorite image vajrasattva of this place preserved at present in the Indian Museum ,Kolkata is a fine specimen of plastic art and looks animated by natural vigour and grace . It sits in Vagraparyanka attitude and caries the Vara on its right palm that has been placed against the chest while its left hand resting upon the thigh , holds a Ghanta which has been damaged . On like its Nepalese Photo types this image is not found erect and rigid but in imitation of the Ratnagiri style it inclines the trunk to the right and head to the left thus conveying an exhilarating sense of rhythmic race. Vajrasttva , is regarded

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as the 6th Dhyani Bhddha and is worshiped only by those who are initiated to the Vajrayana cult. This image embodies the largest development of the Buddhist ideology and may therefore , the assigned to the 11th Century A.D .

It also contains the ruins of an old brick fort, which according local tradition was built by Kapilendra Deva , king of Odisha(1435-70). Inside the fort are a tomb and the ruins of a temple destroyed by the Mughals.

COMMUNICATIONS

(a)AIR:- Nearest Airport is Bhubaneswar which is 130 K.M. from the District headquarter.

(b)Rail:- Bhadrak has an excellent network of Rail connection. Many Fast and Superfast Trains run through the district of Bhadrak which connects major cities of India like Kolkata, Haidrabad,Chennai,Banglore,Gouhati and Ahammadabad. Bhadrak stands where east-cost railway ends and South-eastern starts its network.

(c)Road:-Being on N.H. 05 Bhadrak is well connected by all-weather motorable roads within the State and the neighboring States of Odisha.

(d)Port:-In ancient days Chandbali was being used its water root for Commerce and Transport likewise in modern days Bhadrak saw the establishment of Dhamra Port for better economic activities in the State as well as in the District. OTHER IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES

(I) FAIRS AND FESTIVALS

MahasivaRatri and Kalipuja are the major festivals of the district where people from various parts of the State and the county participate for celebration. (II) FOOD AND DELICACIES

PaluaLaddu and Chhenamudki are the two important delicious sweets well known for its unque taste throughout the state.

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(III) MUGAL TAMSHA:-

MugalTamsha is one of the important cultural band which symbolizes the past history of the District in a melodious tone and the band has earned a wide reputations in the country and abroad.

ACCOMMODATION FOR TOURISTS

Identified Tourist Destination by Department of Tourism, Government of Odisha in the District of Bhadrak

Sl. Name of Importance Distance Name of the No. the from the Block Place District where head situated quarters (in k.m) 1 Aradi Lord 39 Chandbali Akhandalmani 2 Chandba Entry Point to 50 Chandbali li Bhitarkanika 3 Dhamna The Mazar of Pir 20 Dhamnagar gar Baba(Muzahide- E-Millet 4 Dhamra MaaDhamrai 80 Chandbali Temple and Dhamra Port 5 Aharpad MaaBhadrakali 10 Bhadrak a Temple 6 Iswarpur MaaDapaNaikan 27 Tihidi i 7 NuaSasa Kumareswar 13 Tihidi nGuamal Temple 8 RaktaTir Historical Place 45 Basudevpur thaEram

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Accommodation for Tourists:-

Important accommodation facilities created in the district both Government and Private is given below:-

Sl. No. Name of the Hotel Location Telephone No. 1 Hotel Abhi Nandan Station Bazar,Bhadrak 06784-230509 2 Hotel Tarini Continental Charampa,Bhadrak 06784-230894 3 Hotel Sampark By-Pass,Bhadrak 06784-250585 4 Hotel Dixit Resort Motel Chhak,Bhadrak 06784-240174

5 Hotel Blue Vine Rajghat,Bhadrak 06784-251727 6 Hotel Orion Neheru Stadium, 06784-242825 Bhadrak 7 Salandi Guest House Rajghat,Bhadrak 06784-250808 8 Hotel Shagun Station Road,Bhadrak 06784-230453 9 Circuit House D.R.D.A.Road,Bonth 06784-242300 Chhak,Bhadrak 10 Hotel Jasmine Jyoti Basudevpur,Bhadrak 11 Hotel Golden Anchor Dhamra 12 Hotel Aranya Chandbali,Bhadrak 06786-220379 Nivas,O.T.D.C. 13 Hotel Galaxy Lodge Aradi,Bhadrak 14 Akhandalamani Atithi Aradi,Bhadrak Bhawan 15 Panthashala Aradi,Bhadrak 16 DFC Hotel Dhamara

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Other Tourist Spots in the District

Sl. Name of the Importance Distance Name of the Block No. Place from the where situated District head quarters(in k.m) 1 Bhadrak Bankabasuli,Ananta 00 Bhadrak Narayan,Loknath,Panchmukhi (Municipality) Hanuman Temple 2 Kuansh Jagannath Temple 3 Bhadrak (Minicipality) 3 Santhia Baishnab Smruti Pitha 2 Bhadrak (Minicipality) 4 Charampa Patharkali 7 Bhadrak 5 Erein Shiv Temple 7 Bhadrak 6 Satabhauni Sapta Matruka temple 6 Bhadrak 7 Asurali Baba Bairagi Ashrama 12 Dhamnagar 8 Suryapur Radhakrishna Temple 22 Dhamnagar 9 Palia Biranchi Narayan Tample 15 Tihidi 10 Barunei Guptaganga 20 Tihidi 11 Agarpara Jagannath Temple,Ananta 20 Bonth Mohadev Temple 12 Kaupur Jagannath Temple, Ancient 12 Bhadrak religious Centre 13 Gohiratikiri Mukundadev fought with 20 Dhamnagar (Dobal) Kalapahada, a historical Place 14 Ghanteswar Patan Mangala 41 Chandbali 15 Narendrapur 100 Shiva Linga 44 Chandbali 16 Apanda Buddhist sculptures 26 Bonth 17 Anijo Shiv Temple 30 Bonth