New York State Inactive Landfill Initiative May 2021
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WYORK Department of TEOF ORTUNITY Environmental Conservation Division of Materials Management Clean Water Infrastructure Act of 2017 Environmental Conservation Law – Article 27, Title 12 NEW YORK STATE INACTIVE LANDFILL INITIATIVE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN TO ADDRESS PRIORITY SOLID WASTE SITES FOR POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON DRINKING WATER QUALITY May 2021 Andrew Cuomo, Governor Basil Seggos, Commissioner Inactive Landfill Initiative Comprehensive Mitigation & Remediation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... i 1.0 PROGRAM BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Title 12 Summary ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Program Goals ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Execution Strategy ................................................................................................................. 2 2.0 PROGRAM EXECUTION ...................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Scope and Overview of Completed Activities ....................................................................... 3 2.2 Site Identification and Research ............................................................................................ 3 Goals .............................................................................................................................. 3 Process ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Site Inspections ...................................................................................................................... 5 Goals .............................................................................................................................. 5 Process ........................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Ranking .................................................................................................................................. 5 Goals .............................................................................................................................. 5 Process ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.5 Groundwater Investigation ................................................................................................... 7 Goals .............................................................................................................................. 7 Process ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.6 Drinking Water Sampling ....................................................................................................... 8 Goals .............................................................................................................................. 8 Process ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.0 PROGRAM RESULTS / STATUS ......................................................................................................... 10 3.1 Groundwater Sampling Results ........................................................................................... 10 3.2 Drinking Water Sampling Results ........................................................................................ 13 3.3 Assessment of Ranking System ........................................................................................... 13 3.4 Sites Referred to State Superfund Program ........................................................................ 14 3.5 Ongoing ILI Activities ........................................................................................................... 15 Remaining Investigation List Sites ............................................................................... 15 Remaining Drinking Water Sampling Sites .................................................................. 15 Completed Investigation List Sites ............................................................................... 16 4.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 17 4.1 Assessment of Overall Potential Risk to Drinking Water Sources ....................................... 17 4.2 Solid Waste Site Mitigation and Remediation Priority Recommendations......................... 17 Priority Group 1 ........................................................................................................... 18 Priority Group 2 ........................................................................................................... 19 Priority Group 3 ........................................................................................................... 19 Priority Group 4 ........................................................................................................... 19 4.3 Mitigation and Remediation Planning ................................................................................. 19 4.4 Future ILI Activities and Schedule ....................................................................................... 20 4.5 Future Reporting ................................................................................................................. 20 Inactive Landfill Initiative Comprehensive Mitigation & Remediation Plan TABLES Table ES.1 Summary of Ongoing and Completed Activities Within the ILI Program Table ES.2 Drinking Water Supply Sampling Summary Table ES.3 Proposed Schedule for Initiation of Future Groundwater Investigations Under the ILI Program Table 2.1 Summary of Ongoing and Completed Activities Within the ILI Program Table 3.1 Drinking Water Supply Sampling Summary Table 4.1 Proposed Schedule for Initiation of Future Groundwater Investigations Under the ILI Program Table A.1 Solid Waste Site Mitigation and Remediation Priority List Table A.2 Solid Waste Site Investigation Priority List FIGURES Figure ES.1 Maximum PFOA / PFOS Concentrations in Groundwater at Sampled Inactive Landfills Figure ES.2 Maximum 1,4‐Dioxane Concentrations in Groundwater at Sampled Inactive Landfills Figure 1.1 Inactive Landfills within New York State Figure 2.1 Inactive Landfills Identified and Investigated by Region Figure 2.2 Results of Inactive Landfill Ranking Figure 3.1 Maximum PFOA / PFOS Concentrations in Groundwater at Sampled Inactive Landfills Figure 3.2 Range of Maximum PFOA + PFOS Concentrations in Groundwater at Sampled Inactive Landfills Figure 3.3 PFOA & PFOS Highest Detections Regions 1‐5 Figure 3.4 PFOA & PFOS Highest Detections Regions 6‐9 Figure 3.5 Maximum 1,4‐Dioxane Concentrations in Groundwater at Sampled Inactive Landfills Figure 3.6 Range of Maximum 1,4‐Dioxane Concentrations in Groundwater at Sampled Inactive Landfills Figure 3.7 1,4‐Dioxane Highest Detections Regions 1‐5 Figure 3.8 1,4‐Dioxane Highest Detections Regions 6‐9 Figure 4.1 ILI Program Site Investigation and Prioritization APPENDICES Appendix A Ranking System Inactive Landfill Initiative Comprehensive Mitigation & Remediation Plan LIST OF ACRONYMS CWIA Clean Water Infrastructure Act DER Division of Environmental Remediation DMM Division of Materials Management GPS global positioning system ILI Inactive Landfill Initiative LHA lifetime health advisory MCL maximum contaminant level NELAP National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program NYSDEC New York State Department of Environmental Conservation NYSDOH New York State Department of Health NYS New York State PFAS per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA+PFOS the sum of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid PFOS perfluorooctanesulfonic acid POET point‐of‐entry treatment ppb parts per billion ppt parts per trillion SCDHS Suffolk County Department of Health Services USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency VOC volatile organic compound Inactive Landfill Initiative Comprehensive Mitigation & Remediation Plan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Title 12 of Article 27 of the Environmental Conservation Law (Title 12), adopted as the Clean Water Infrastructure Act of 2017, established a program for the investigation and remediation of certain solid waste sites that may be impacting or contaminating drinking water supplies. This report to the Governor and the Legislature documents the activities and findings of the investigation activities that have been conducted through December 2020 and presents a comprehensive plan to mitigate and/or remediate identified sites where drinking water resources have been impacted. The objective of Title 12 is to establish a solid waste site priority list of mitigation and remedial activities to address sites causing, or substantially contributing to, impairments of drinking water quality. The primary focus under Title 12 is inactive solid waste disposal sites, primarily landfills, and their potential impact on New York’s drinking water resources from site‐related contaminants, with a focus on emerging contaminants, including