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Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of a Liquid Rocket Propellant

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Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of a Liquid Rocket Propellant International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-05, Issue-09, Dec 2019 Mathematical modeling and analysis of a liquid rocket propellant (LH2/LOX) combustion chamber with variable mass flow and wall temperature ABHAY KUMAR, M. Tech Scholar Mechanical Engg. Dept. SRK , Bhopal, India. Dr. Manoj Chopra, Professor & HOD, RKDF Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal, India. Dr. S.S. PAWAR, Professor RKDF Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal, India. ABSTRACT - The study of the subject on which the thesis is been written is for a cryogenic engine. Cryogenic is a branch of physics, which deals with the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures. Cryogenic being a vast branch of physic has many applications. The application with which or study is concerned cryogenic rocket engine. Further explanation for cryogenic will be elaborated in this study. Our primary reason for doing this study is to assess the pressure and optimise the exact inlet pressure to face up to the combustion chamber for a constant 50KN thrust of and gravitational impact on the cryogenic combustion chamber. This study has been done by employing a superb technique that is commonly used currently a day’s known as CFD tools Fluent 14.5. For fluid flow system and chemical reaction model, Heat transfer and Mass transfer problem. Simulation results provide us acceptable contour results that describe the entire system in correct manner these results additionally validate the reference paper worth therefore our methodology is additionally validate that shows our case, giving boundary condition and geometrical parameters are correct. By CFD results we can conclude that micro-gravitational effect on cryogenic combustion chamber is negligible because velocity of such type of engine is very high as compare to increased velocity value due to lower gravity but increased value of pressure is definitely the positive results in this study. In current study we analyzed the CFD model of a cryogenic combustion chamber for various chamber pressures 40bar initially then changing the pressure by 50bar and 60 bar in Fluent software system. In current analysis we have a tendency to investigate the result of various microgravity through numerical investigation by victimisation gravity mechanism model in Fluent. Our main aim is to research the result of pressure variation on the chamber for a constant 50 KN thrust. Simulation results predict the flow development and turbulence model of a system. we have a tendency to see from the contour results of pressure, temperature and rate that once we increase the recess pressure from 40bar to 50bar and 60 bar the combustion chamber pressure is additionally will increase and contour rate also hyperbolic attributable to turbulence. During this whole method system is stable all the time this shows chamber is face up to or safe for constant 50KN thrust that is our main objective of the study. Keywords: Oxygen/Hydrogen, Combustion Device, Cryogenic Combustion, High Pressure, Diagnostic, Modelling, CFD, etc. I. INTRODUCTION compared to other type of propellants. Cryogenics are high energetic propellant combination, also the future space Payload capacity can be increased with the propulsion mission needs a propulsion system with the high thrust and system having higher specific impulse, in general liquid reusable capacities, like Space Shuttle Main Engine propellant engines results in longer burning time than (SSME), which can also leads to reduction in launch cost conventional solid rocket engines which result in higher per kg of payload with the highly improved payload specific impulse. Liquid propellants can be classified based capacity. As above said space shuttle main engine uses on the storable conditions, namely earth storable, cryogenic, Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as a propellant space storable etc. Among these cryogenic propellants are combination with high specific impulse over the other widely used because of their high specific impulse cryogenic propellant combinations. Apart from the LOX/ 162 | IJREAMV05I0957007 DOI : 10.35291/2454-9150.2019.0555 © 2019, IJREAM All Rights Reserved. International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM) ISSN : 2454-9150 Vol-05, Issue-09, Dec 2019 LH2 combination, LOX/ RP- 1 (Kerosene) semi- cryo II. LITERATURE REVIEW combination is widely used in Russian launch vehicle engines of RD- 107, RD- 108and RD- 461 in the Soyuz Senthilkumar et al. (2013)[1] The basic concept of a rocket launch vehicles, which offers slightly lower specific engine relays on the release of the internal energy of the impulse than LOX/ LH2 combination with advantage of propellant molecules in the combustion chamber, the handling. The demand of increasing payloads and acceleration of the reaction product and finally the release increasing size of satellite increases the need of more of the hot gases at the highest possible velocity in the efficient rocket propulsion system. The cost of the payload convergent/divergent nozzle. Liquid rocket engines burn can be decreased by implementing new reusable launching propellants, which undergo chemical reactions to convert systems with the intentions to increase the efficiency of the the stored chemical energy to thermal energy which results launching system. For such condition high energetic in the generation of thrust. Thrust chamber of cryogenic cryogenic propellant combination provides suitable thrust engine is modelled at a chamber pressure of 40 bar and to weight ratio with high specific impulse than current thrust of 50KN to reduce the high temperature and pressure existed earth storable propellants. Reduction in launch cost in the combustion chamber. CFD analysis is done to show per kg of payload with the highly improved payload the pressure and temperature variation in the thrust chamber capacity. As above said space shuttle main engine uses modelled for 50KN thrust and chamber pressure of 40 bar. Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as a propellant The design of rocket engine should be such that it should combination with high specific impulse over the other withstand the high pressure and high temperature of the cryogenic propellant combinations. Apart from the LOX/ combustion chamber. Ashwini, and Prabhakaran (2015) [2] LH2 combination, LOX/ RP- 1 (Kerosene) semi- cryo This paper highlights about the rocket engine involving the combination is widely used in Russian launch vehicle use of cryogenic technology at a cryogenic temperature engines of RD- 107, RD- 108and RD- 461 in the Soyuz (123 K). This basically uses the liquid oxygen and liquid launch vehicles, which offers slightly lower specific hydrogen as an oxidizer and fuel, which are very clean and impulse than LOX/ LH2 combination with advantage of non-pollutant fuels compared to other hydrocarbon fuels handling. The demand of increasing payloads and like Petrol, Diesel, Gasoline, LPG, CNG, etc., sometimes, increasing size of satellite increases the need of more liquid nitrogen is also used as fuel. The efficiency of the efficient rocket propulsion system. The cost of the payload rocket engine is more than the jet engine. As per the can be decreased by implementing new reusable launching Newton’s third law of mechanics, the thrust produced in systems with the intentions to increase the efficiency of the rocket engine is outwards whereas that produced in jet launching system. For such condition high energetic engine is inwards. Poschner and Pfitzner (2009) [3] M cryogenic propellant combination provides suitable thrust Poschner and M Pfitzner in this paper studied real gas as to weight ratio with high specific impulse than current rocket propellant. Due to the high pressures and very low existed earth storable propellants. The propellant injection temperatures of the propellants in modern rocket combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen has high combustors real gas effects play an important role in rocket specific impulse compared to other propellant combinations combustion simulation. These have to be accurately have been used in many rocket engines. The thermal modelled in combustion CFD simulations to enable an analysis is a major issue in at the channel exit. Those accurate prediction of the performance of the rocket parameters are important for the design of injectors and of combustion chamber. There research was based on the coolant pump. The design of a liquid rocket engine, theoretical model. They started with a simple experimental because the prediction of peak heat-flux from the model and conducted simulation on cfx. The gases they combustion gases to the engine wall is necessary to ensure used were liquid oxygen at 85 K and gaseous hydrogen at the structural integrity of the combustion chamber. The 257 K. They achieved a pressure of about 100 bar in need for thermal analysis is essentially important to extend combustion chamber at the time of combustion. Foe the engine life by effective and efficient cooling system. injecting gases they used co axial injector. Vivek Gautam Moreover, the analysis of the cooling channel flow is (2007) [4] The study submitted by Vivek Gautam (2007) essential to predict not only the efficiency of the coolant, worked profoundly on rocket jet propulsion two phase co but also the coolant temperature and pressure. The design of axial injector. His study marked a significant point on thrust chamber consists of many parameters and detail combustion and injection of propellant
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