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1 2 ALLIED OFFENSIVES GATHER MOMENTU M the Second Half Of CHAPTER 1 2 ALLIED OFFENSIVES GATHER MOMENTU M HE second half of 1943 was marked by significant Allied gains in th e T Pacific, as in the European theatre . By 1st October the last of th e Japanese defenders of Vella Lavella, some 600 strong, were cornered i n Marquana Bay on the north-west shore of the island, where men of th e 3rd New Zealand Division—who relieved the Americans on 18th Septembe r —had driven them. They were successfully withdrawn by Japanese sub - chasers and landing craft in the first hours of 7th October during th e destroyer action of Vella Lavella, the most important Solomons nava l action since that of Vella Gulf on 6th-7th August . It was a Japanese victory in that, while covering the withdrawal of their Vella Lavella survivors, the numerically superior Japanese destroyer force—six under Rear-Admiral Ijuin to three American under Captain Walker—sank the America n Chevalier' and damaged the other two, while itself suffering the loss of one ship, the destroyer Yugumo (1,900 tons) . But for the Americans it was the loss of ships and men ; for the Japanese the loss of another stage in the war. While the Allies were thus thrusting northward in the Solomons the y similarly advanced farther towards their current objective of Rabaul b y securing in New Guinea some measure of control of the vital Dampie r and Vitiaz Straits, with their capture of Lae, Salamaua, and Finschhafen . So far as the actual fighting was concerned, this was mainly an Australia n Army operation, with American participation by a parachute battalion t o capture the airfield at Nadzab, in the Markham Valley north-west of Lae . The Navy was concerned with the transport by sea of a portion of the forces concerned—and "the Navy" meant, very largely, the U.S. Navy. But though actual participation by the R .A.N. was small, it was of consider- able importance, and the preparatory work carried out by the Australia n Navy was vital to the success of the operation. It was carried out in the first place by the Survey Group, with H .M.A. Ships Shepparton (Com- mander Little,' C .T.G. 70.5) and Benalla (Lieut-Commander Tancred) , with the help of Stella and Polaris and other small craft . Actively concerned in the actual movement of the troops by sea were the N .O.I.C. Milne Bay, Commander Branson; the Port Directors at Oro Bay, Buna, and Morobe ; and the first of the R .A.N. Fairmile motor launches in the area, H .M.A.S. ML.817, commanded by Lieutenant Townley. General Blarney's plan for the capture of Lae envisaged a main seaborn e landing by the 9th Division (which, since its return from the Middle East , (Chevalier, US destroyer (1942), 2,050 tons, five 5-in guns, ten 21-in torpedo tubes, 35 kts . Sunk off Vella Lavella, 7 Oct 1943 . z Cdr C. G . Little, OBE, DSC ; RAN . Naval Int 1940-41 ; i/c Hydrographic Service 1942 ; comd HMAS ' s Shepparton, Moresby, Warrego 1943-45. Of Cue, WA ; b . Mt Lofty, SA, 12 Jun 1901 . Jul-Sep 1943 HAZARDOUS WATERS 327 had undergone jungle and amphibious training in Queensland), and an overland attack from the Markham Valley by the 7th Division . During July and August the troops were transported by sea from the mainland , those of the 9th Division to Milne Bay, and the 7th to Moresby, whenc e they were carried to their attack launching positions by sea and air respec- tively. Transport by sea was by Admiral Barbey ' s VII Amphibious Force , from Milne Bay, Buna, and Morobe, and at a conference in Barbey's flag- ship Rigel in Milne Bay on 31st August between him and his staff an d Branson, Little and Tancred, the Australians were asked to make every effort, navigationally, to ensure the safe passage of the amphibious force . Arising from this conference, the U.S. Small Ships Section vessel San Nicholas was made available to Branson, and was sent by him, with the lighthouse engineer from Thursday Island on board, to see that all naviga- tional aids between Milne Bay and Buna were in order . Little, with Shepparton, and Tancred with Benalla, went respectively to Morobe and Buna, whose port directors cooperated to make smooth passage fo r Barbey ' s force. Essential in these navigationally hazardous waters was th e lighting of dangers in the Cape Nelson area to permit night passage, an d this was organised under Little's direction . Owing to shortage of material , improvisation was necessary . Buna presented a difficult problem . Branson, in a Report of Proceedings of 5th September 1943, remarked : Owing to the good work of the Sea Transport Officer, Lieutenant C . T. J. Adamson , RANVR, and the activities of Lieut-Commander Band a as Port Director, Buna i s now well buoyed and lighted. Lighting the buoys was extremely difficult owing t o lack of material . In the absence of any suitable equipment we sent up fro m Milne Bay the steaming and side lights of the s .s. Anshun, which were salvaged from the wreck at Milne Bay . These were supplemented with the help of the 11th Aus- tralian Division now at Buna, who were our old friends of Fortress Command , Milne Bay . It is now possible to enter Buna at night, and along Strip Point Beac h marks for LST's and LCT's and LCI's are now established. In this work Lieut - Commander Tancred and Lieut-Commander Band are to be congratulated . With nothing to work with except their initiative, they have turned Buna into a 24-hour- a-day port . This was essential for the present operations and for the re-supply o f the forces now engaged against Lae . As stated earlier, in December 1942 four American P .T. boats wer e based on Milne Bay . They were the forerunners of a considerable forc e which, in September 1943 constituted TG .70.1, commanded by Com- mander Morton C . Mumma, U .S.N., then based in U .S.S. Hilo (a con- verted P .T. tender) at Buna . By this time—September 1943—a flotilla of nine 4 Australian Fairmile motor-launches was also operating in the are a in support of Mumma' s boats harassing Japanese barge traffic along th e Huon Peninsula. As mentioned, first to arrive in the area—in June 1943 Lt-Cdr J . M . Band, RANK . HMAS's Moresby and Hobart ; Port Director, Buna, 1943 . B . South Shields, England, 22 Mar 1902 . Died of wounds, Finschhafen landing, 23 Sep 1943 . 4 ML424 (Lieutenant J . A . Doyle, RANR) ; ML425 (Lieutenant G . S . H . Champion, RANR) ; ML427 (Lieutenant H . E. Godden, RANVR) ; ML428 (Lieutenant J . S. Berge, RANVR) ; ML80 I Lieutenant R. L. Carne, RANVR) ; ML806 (Lieutenant H . C . Shipway, RANVR) ; ML81 6 (Lieutenant K. J . McLaren, RANR) ; ML817 (Lieutenant A . G . Townley, RANVR) ; ML819 (Lieu- tenant R. A. E . Moore, RANVR) . 328 ALLIED OFFENSIVES GATHER MOMENTUM 1-3 Sep was ML.817. She did a number of convoy runs between Moresby-Miln e Bay-Oro Bay-Buna; and also carried out patrols and survey work at Wood - lark, Egum, the Trobriands, Louisiades and D'Entrecasteaux Islands . She knew the area well, and was assigned to Admiral Barbey for policin g duties when large numbers of landing craft were moved to a rigid time - table; and it was in this capacity that she was used in the Lae operation . She left Milne Bay in the afternoon of 1st September, carrying Branson , and his Staff Officer (Operations), Lieutenant Joel,5 to keep a runnin g commentary on the movements of all ships of the Amphibious Force engaged in the operation, so that the orderly flow might be observed an d directed from the two main staging points, Buna and Morobe . The Milne Bay section of the Lae armada, comprising three American destroyers and 21 L.C.I's, sailed at 2 .30 p.m. next day . Admiral Barbey was in destroyer Conyngham. Two Australians important to the work in han d were with him, Major-General Wootten, 5 commanding the 9th Division ; and Lieutenant Howitt 7 who, because of his intimate knowledge of the Huon Gulf area and of the actual geographical position and topography of the landing beaches, was on board as pilot . ML.817 was in Buna on the 2nd, and reached Morobe on the 3rd at 11 a.m . At that hour the Milne Bay contingent reached Buna, where it was joined by more L .C.I's and L.C.M's. During the night, as it steamed towards its objective, the convo y was joined by more landing craft from Morobe, and a total of 87 vessel s were escorted across Huon Gulf . Meanwhile ML.817, in Morobe, ha d a taste of Japanese reaction to the Allied movements . As a preliminary to the assault, General Kenney's air force carried out big bombing raids against Japanese bases . On 1st and 2nd September they attacked Madang and Wewak respectively, and now the enemy began t o retaliate. Reconnaissance revealed a build-up of some 200 aircraft a t Rabaul, and ML.817's arrival at Morobe coincided with an air raid warn- ing which was followed by an attack by nine "Betty" Navy mediu m bombers, and 27 fighters just after noon on the 3rd . At the time ML.81 7 was fast alongside Shepparton, lying at anchor about 1,000 yards from Morobe wharf . Branson, who had boarded Shepparton, later recorded : Both ships were straddled, and approximately 36 anti-personnel bombs wer e dropped.
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