Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae IV. Genus Phradis Förster 67-92 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; Download

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Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie

Jahr/Year: 2013

Band/Volume: 036

Autor(en)/Author(s): Horstmann Klaus

Artikel/Article: Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae IV. Genus Phradis Förster 67-92 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de

SPIXIANA 36 1 67-92 München, September 2013 ISSN 0341-8391

Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae IV. Genus Phradis Förster

(Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

†Klaus Horstmann*

Horstmann, K. 2013. Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae IV. Genus Phradis För- ster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Spixiana 36 (1): 67-92. The Nearctic species of the genus Phradis Förster are revised and described. A key is provided for eighteen species. Seventeen species are described as new: Phradis basalis, P. brevicauda, P. coriaceus, P. curvicauda, P. flavicoxa, P. flavipes, P. longicauda, P. minor, P. nigricoxa, P. nitidipleuris, P. nitidus, P. punctatus, P. rarus, P. striatus, P. sulcator, P. tenuicauda, and P. texanus.

Introduction Material and methods

Phradis Förster is a moderately large genus, which In general terminology follows Townes (1969: 36 ff.). was re-described by Horstmann (1971: 67 f.), Townes Some additional characters used for the differentiation (1971: 46) and Gauld (1984: 313). Described and of species are defined in the second part of the present undescribed species are known from almost all series of revisions (Horstmann 2010). Two indices are parts of the world, except from the Neotropic region defined: the ocellar index is the ratio of the shortest distance between the eye and the lateral ocellus to the (Khalaim et al. 2009: 107). The Nearctic species were longest diameter of the lateral ocellus; the malar space unnamed, until Khalaim (2002) described the species index is the ratio of the shortest distance between the P. kasparyani. In the present paper, eighteen species rim bordering the mandibular groove and the eye are treated, seventeen of them new. Many species (= malar space) to the basal width of a mandible. For are rarely collected, six species being known from the females, the number and the proportions of the only one specimen. Probably a considerable number flagellar segments and the length and the shape of the of species is still undetected. ovipositor are important diagnostic characters. Because Whereas in Europe some species of Phradis have in the males the antennae are much more uniform and been reared from species of Meligethes Stephens differences in male genitalia are unknown, the determi- (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) (Horstmann 1971: 68, 1981: nation of males is difficult, and for half of the species 22), no host record is known from North America. males are unknown. Therefore, only a provisional key to the males of some species is given. Some Nearctic species have been collected on pines (Pinus spp.). Apparently all species are univoltine, The recent studies were supported by loans of material most of them with a flight period in spring or early by A. M. R. Bennett (Canadian National Collection of summer (exception: P. nitidus spec. nov.). Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada), S. Schmidt (Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, Deutschland), S. R. Shaw (Insect Museum, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA), D. B. Wahl (American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, USA)

* The entire collection Horstmann is located in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Munich after the sad demise of Prof. Dr. Klaus Horstmann on 30 July 2013. Requests should be sent to the following address: Zoolo- gische Staatssammlung München, Sektion Hymenoptera, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany.

67 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de and R. A. Wharton (Department of Entomology, Texas cell closed at its lower distal corner (but the post- A & M University, College Station, USA). M. R. Shaw nervulus interrupted by a narrow bulla). Nervellus (National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, U.K.) assi- reclivous. Basal area of propodeum not replaced by sted me with the English language. I am indebted to a keel. Petiole almost circular in cross-section (ex- them all. ception: P. flavicoxa), without glymmae. Postpetiole rounded dorsally, with divergent lateral contours. Gastral tergites of the females incised posteriorly Abbreviations of depositories from the 3rd or the 4th tergite onwards. Ovipositor without subapical teeth ventrally. AEI American Entomological Institute, Gainesville (including Dasch collection) CAM Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Key to females University, Cambridge (Mass.) 1. Flagellum with 7-9 segments...... 2. FRA Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco – Flagellum with 13-17 segments...... 4. HOR Coll. K. Horstmann, Würzburg 2. Flagellum with 7 segments, the last segment 0.6 LAN Department of Entomology, Michigan State times as long as the penultimate (Fig. 39). Meta- University, East Lansing LAR Insect Museum, University of Wyoming, Laramie pleurum and dorsolateral area of propodeum NHM Department of Entomology, Natural History distinctly punctate on a smooth background. ... Museum, London ...... flavipes spec. nov. OTT Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agri- – Flagellum with 8-9 segments (rarely with 7 seg- culture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa ments), the last segment slightly longer than the TEX Department of Entomology, Texas A & M Uni- penultimate (Figs 24, 61). Metapleurum and versity, College Station (Texas) dorsolateral area of propodeum granulate, some- WAH Coll. D. B. Wahl, Gainesville times with additional punctures...... 3. WAS Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Smithsonian Institution, Washington (D.C.) 3. Flagellum with 9 segments (Fig. 24). Mesopleu- ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, München rum distinctly and rather densely punctate on a very finely granulate or smooth background. Dorsolateral area of propodeum finely granulate Taxonomy and with fine punctures. Ovipositor 2.8 times, ovipositor sheath 1.9 times as long as 1st gastral Phradis Förster tergite...... curvicauda spec. nov. Phradis Förster, 1869. Type species: Thersilochus (Phradis) – Flagellum with 8 segments (Fig. 61) (rarely with brevis Brischke. 7 segments). Mesopleurum finely granulate and Eutomus Förster, 1869 (preocc.). Type species: Isurgus densely punctate or rugose-punctate. Dorsola- lanceolatus Szépligeti. teral area of propodeum granulate and dull, a Isurgus Förster, 1869. Type species: Isurgus lanceolatus very fine punctation hardly discernible. Ovi- Szépligeti. positor 2.2-2.3 times, ovipositor sheath 1.4-1.5 st The following character states apply to all species times as long as 1 gastral tergite...... discussed here and are not repeated in the descrip- ...... minor spec. nov. tions: Ratio of the shortest distance between the inner 4. Temple granulate, without discernible punctures, margins of the eyes to the longest distance between usually dull (slightly shining in P. longicauda, in the outer contours of the eyes 0.53-0.59. Face about this species ovipositor 3.0 times, ovipositor as wide as the frons. Apex of clypeus rounded, blunt, sheath 2.2 times as long as 1st gastral tergite). with a transverse row of bristles. Genal carina low. Flagellum with 14-15 segments...... 5. Thorax short, 1.9-2.1 times as long as the width of – Temple with fine or distinct punctures on a the mesoscutum. Epomia obliterated. Prepectal ca- finely granulate or smooth background. Ovi- rina low or slightly raised, bent forwards dorsally. positor at most 2.6 times, ovipositor sheath at Hind tibia distinctly longer than hind femur. Hind most 1.8 times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... basitarsus 0.4-0.5 times as long as hind tibia. Longer ...... 8. hind tibial spur almost straight distally, about 0.3 times as long as the basitarsus (exception: P. flavipes). 5. Temple finely granulate, slightly shining. Ovi- Tarsal claws not pectinate. Intercubitus of front wing positor 3.0 times, ovipositor sheath 2.2 times as subopposite to the 2nd recurrent vein (Fig. 4) (with long as 1st gastral tergite...... some inter- and intraspecific variation). First brachial ...... longicauda spec. nov.

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– Temple distinctly granulate, dull. Ovipositor at edges. Ovipositor 2.4-2.6 times, ovipositor sheath most 2.0 times, ovipositor sheath at most 1.3 1.8 times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... 11. times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... 6. 11. Temples almost not constricted directly behind 6. Foveate groove absent, replaced by a very shal- the eyes (Fig. 95). Mesopleurum granulate, low and finely wrinkled depression (Fig. 18). partly with fine wrinkles or striae, punctures Ovipositor abruptly narrowed subapically, the hardly discernible. Dorsolateral area of propo- tip thin (Fig. 22). Ovipositor 1.3 times, ovipositor deum granulate and dull, without punctures. .. sheath 0.9 times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... rarus spec. nov...... coriaceus spec. nov. – Temples distinctly constricted behind the eyes – Foveate groove present as a distinct furrow (Fig. 102). Mesopleurum and dorsolateral area (Figs 3, 111). Ovipositor with a shallow rounded of propodeum granulate and distinctly punc- dorsal depression subapically, its tip evenly ta- tate...... striatus spec. nov. pered (Figs 8, 115). Ovipositor 1.6-2.0 times, 12. Ovipositor 1.2-1.4 times, ovipositor sheath 0.7-0.9 ovipositor sheath 1.1-1.3 times as long as 1st times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... 13. gastral tergite...... 7. – Ovipositor 1.7-2.0 times, ovipositor sheath 1.1-1.4 nd st 7. 2 flagellar segment 1.2 times as long as the 1 times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... 15. segment (Fig. 2). Foveate groove about half as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 3). Petiole with a few 13. Ovipositor stout, medially higher than the apical fine striae dorsally and laterally, partly smooth width of a hind basitarsus, with a small almost (Fig. 6). Ovipositor 1.6 times, ovipositor sheath triangular dorsal incision subapically (Fig. 52). 1.1 times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... kasparyani Khalaim ...... basalis spec. nov. – Ovipositor slender, medially half as high as the – 2nd flagellar segment 0.8 times as long as the 1st apical width of a hind basitarsus, without a segment (Fig. 110). Foveate groove almost as dorsal incision subapically (Figs 15, 122). .... 14. long as mesopleurum (Fig. 111). Petiole com- 14. Foveate groove reduced (Fig. 11). Dorsolateral pletely and distinctly striate dorsally and later- area of propodeum granulate, partly with fine ally (Fig. 113). Ovipositor 2.0 times, ovipositor punctures, slightly shining. Posterior lateral area st sheath 1.3 times as long as 1 gastral tergite. ... of propodeum 0.7 times as long as petiolar area ...... sulcator spec. nov. (Fig. 12). Ovipositor abruptly narrowed subapi- 8. Flagellum with 13-14 segments...... 9. cally, the tip thin (Fig. 15)...... brevicauda spec. nov. – Flagellum with 15-17 segments...... 12. – Foveate groove present as a slightly depressed 9. Flagellum stout, 2nd segment 2.3 times as long furrow (Fig. 118). Dorsolateral area of propo- as wide (Fig. 32). Ovipositor 1.7 times, ovipositor deum shining and with a few fine punctures on sheath about as long as 1st gastral tergite...... a smooth background anteriorly, with fine wrin- ...... flavicoxa spec. nov. kles and rugose-punctate laterally and posteri- nd – Flagellum slender, 2 segment 2.9-3.4 times as orly. Posterior lateral area of propodeum small, long as wide (Figs 82, 96, 103). Ovipositor 2.1-2.6 half as long as petiolar area (Fig. 119). Ovipositor times, ovipositor sheath 1.2-1.8 times as long as evenly tapered apically (Fig. 122)...... st 1 gastral tergite...... 10...... tenuicauda spec. nov. 10. Glossa usually 0.8 times as long as the width of 15. Ovipositor abruptly narrowed subapically, the clypeus (glossa shorter in a variety). Mesopleu- tip thin (Figs 73, 94)...... 16. rum with disperse or rather dense punctation – Ovipositor with a shallow rounded dorsal de- on a smooth background. Dorsolateral area of pression subapically, its tip evenly tapered (Figs propodeum covered with irregular wrinkles. 80, 129)...... 17. Ovipositor 2.1 times, ovipositor sheath 1.2 times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... 16. Temples almost not constricted directly behind ...... nitidus spec. nov. the eyes (Fig. 67). Temple, mesopleurum and dorsolateral area of propodeum with disperse or – Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of clypeus. rather dense punctation on a very finely granulate Mesopleurum granulate, sometimes with ad- background, distinctly shining. Ovipositor 1.7 ditional punctures. Dorsolateral area of propo- times, ovipositor sheath 1.1 times as long as 1st deum granulate, sometimes with additional gastral tergite...... nigricoxa spec. nov. punctures, sometimes with wrinkles at the

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– Temples distinctly constricted behind the eyes – Temple and mesopleurum distinctly punctate (Fig. 88). Temple, mesopleurum and dorsola- on a finely granulate or smooth background. .. teral area of propodeum distinctly granulate and ...... 7. with rather dense or dense punctation, slightly 7. Glossa usually 0.7-0.8 times as long as the width shining. Ovipositor 2.0 times, ovipositor sheath of clypeus (glossa shorter in a variety). Dorsola- 1.4 times as long as 1st gastral tergite...... teral area of propodeum covered with irregular ...... punctatus spec. nov. wrinkles...... nitidus spec. nov. 17. Temple, mesoscutum and mesopleurum with – Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of clypeus. fine disperse punctation on a smooth back- Dorsolateral area of propodeum finely granulate ground, shining. Metapleurum finely granulate and slightly shining or punctate on a smooth and with very fine punctation, shining. Hind background...... 8. coxa black...... nitidipleuris spec. nov. 8. Dorsolateral area of propodeum finely granulate, – Temple, mesoscutum and mesopleurum finely punctures hardly discernible...... granulate and with fine punctation, dull or ...... curvicauda spec. nov. slightly shining. Metapleurum granulate and with fine punctures and wrinkles, rather dull. – Dorsolateral area of propodeum punctate on a Hind coxa reddish brown...... smooth background...... flavipes spec. nov...... texanus spec. nov.

Provisional key to the males of some species Phradis basalis spec. nov.

1. Temple granulate and dull, without punctures. Holotype (W): “Manistique, Mich., Jack pine, Swept, ...... 2. June 2, 1961, W. R. M. Mason” (on Pinus banksiana Lamb.; – Temple with fine or distinct punctures on a Michigan, USA) (OTT). finely granulate or smooth background...... 3. W: Body length 3.5 mm. Temples distinctly con- 2. Flagellum with 14 segments. Petiole smooth stricted behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the dorsally, with few striae laterally...... width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples ...... ?basalis spec. nov. intersect on the scutellum (Fig. 1). Head 1.2 times as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.8. Malar space index – Flagellum with 18-20 segments. Petiole with 1.1. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of clypeus. distinct striae dorsally and laterally...... Upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer. Clypeus ...... sulcator spec. nov. 0.85 times as long as face, 2.7 times as wide as long, 3. Flagellum with 16-20 segments...... 4. slightly rounded, granulate and with fine punc- – Flagellum with 14-15 segments...... 6. tures dorsally, smooth medially and subventrally. Head (except clypeus) granulate and dull, central 4. Dorsolateral area of propodeum almost smooth swelling of face slightly shining. Flagellum with centrally, with wrinkles at the edges. Flagellum 15 segments, slightly clavate, 1st segment 2.3 times, with 16-20 segments...... kasparyani Khalaim 2nd segment 2.8 times, median segments 1.6 times, – Dorsolateral area of propodeum granulate or penultimate segment 1.4 times as long as wide. 2nd wrinkled...... 5. segment 1.2 times as long as 1st segment (Fig. 2). Pronotum granulate and dull dorsolaterally, with 5. Flagellum with 19 segments, yellowish proxi- fine striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum and mally. Foveate groove absent, replaced by a very scutellum granulate, dull. Notaulus as a distinct fur- shallow and finely wrinkled depression...... row, extending to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum...... ?brevicauda spec. nov. Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum bordered by – Flagellum with 16-17 segments, blackish proxi- carinae on the anterior half. Mesopleurum granulate, mally. Foveate groove usually indicated as a slightly shining, with fine punctation dorsally in the furrow...... ?striatus spec. nov. posterior half. Foveate groove as a distinct row of 6. Temple with fine disperse punctation on a small grooves, about half as long as mesopleurum smooth background. Mesopleurum granulate, (Fig. 3). Mesosternum finely granulate, slightly shin- punctation hardly discernible. Metapleurum and ing. Metapleurum granulate, dull. Hind leg slender, dorsolateral area of propodeum granulate and femur 4.7 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws dull...... flavicoxa spec. nov. short. Pterostigma 2.0 times as long as wide (Fig. 4). Metacarpus reaching 0.6 the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.3 times

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4 5 7

3 6 8 Figs 1-8. Phradis basalis spec. nov. (W). 1. Head, top view. 2. Antenna. 3. Mesopleurum. 4. Pterostigma and areolet. 5. Propodeum, top view. 6. 1st gastral segment, side view. 7. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 8. Ovipositor, side view. as long as petiolar area, 0.85 times as long as wide, 2nd segment 1.8 times, median segments and penul- covered with longitudinal wrinkles, without distinct timate segment 1.7 times as long as wide. Basal area lateral carinae. Dorsolateral area granulate and dull, of propodeum with lateral carinae. Petiole smooth with some short wrinkles at the edges. Petiolar area dorsally. In other characters similar to the W, but 1.8 times as long as wide, slightly depressed, granu- without clear evidence that it belongs to the same late, with fine transverse striae posteriorly. Posterior species (1M from Hughesville, Maryland; AEI). lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar area (Fig. 5). Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina by four times its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. Phradis brevicauda spec. nov. 1st gastral tergite 3.3 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.4 times as long as postpetiole, very finely granulate- Holotype (W): “Julian, Calif., May 16, 1974, H. & M. strigose dorsally, with fine dorsolateral carinae, Townes” (California, USA) (AEI). – Paratypes (3WW): with fine striae laterally. Postpetiole 1.4 times as USA: California: Julian (AEI, HOR); Wyoming: Falls long as wide, smooth. 1st sternite slightly surpass- Campground, Fremont Co. (TEX). Flight period: v-vi. ing the spiracles (Fig. 6). 2nd tergite 1.6 times as long W: Body length 3.5 mm. Temples distinctly con- as wide. Thyridium oval, distant from the anterior stricted behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression about width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples twice as long as wide (Fig. 7). Gaster compressed intersect on the propodeum (Fig. 9). Head 1.3 times posteriorly. Ovipositor 1.6 times, ovipositor sheath as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.5. Malar space index 1.1 times as long as 1st tergite. Ovipositor rather 0.7. Glossa 0.6 times as long as the width of clypeus. stout and almost straight proximally and medially, Upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer. Clypeus moderately bent upwards distally, with a very shal- 0.8 times as long as face, 3.2 times as wide as long, low rounded dorsal depression subapically, its tip slightly rounded, with a few distinct punctures on a evenly tapered (Fig. 8). smooth background dorsally, smooth medially and Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth medium subventrally. Face and frons finely granulate and brown), ventral half of clypeus, scape, pedicellus, with fine dense punctation. Vertex with fine dense tegula and legs yellowish red or light reddish brown. punctation on a finely granulate or smooth back- Flagellum for the greater part dark brown, the three ground. Temple with fine rather dense punctation proximal segments reddish brown. Pterostigma dark on a very finely granulate or smooth background. reddish brown. Gastral tergites from the 2nd tergite Flagellum with 16 segments, slightly clavate, 1st onwards dark reddish brown. segment 3.5 times, 2nd segment 2.8 times, median ?M: Body length 2.7 mm. Malar space index 0.7. segments 1.3 times, penultimate segment 1.1 times as Flagellum with 14 segments, 1st segment 2.1 times, long as wide (Fig. 10). Pronotum granulate and with

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14 11 15

Figs 9-15. Phradis brevicauda spec. nov. (W). 9. Head, top view. 10. Antenna. 11. Mesopleurum. 12. Propodeum, top view. 13. 1st gastral segment, side view. 14. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 15. Ovipositor, side view. fine dense punctation dorsolaterally, with fine striae spiracles (Fig. 13). 2nd tergite 0.8 times as long as in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum and scutellum wide. Thyridium oval, close to the anterior edge with fine rather dense punctation on a smooth back- of the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression weak, about ground, background of mesoscutum finely granulate 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 14). Gaster claviform laterally. Notaulus weakly indicated, extending to and slightly compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor 1.2 0.15 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar fur- times, ovipositor sheath 0.8 times as long as 1st tergite. row smooth. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the Ovipositor slender, almost evenly bent upwards over anterior 0.4. Mesopleurum finely granulate and with its total length, abruptly narrowed subapically, the fine rather dense or dense punctation, speculum with tip very thin (Fig. 15). additional wrinkles. Foveate groove absent, replaced Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark by a very shallow and finely wrinkled depression brown), ventral half of clypeus, scape, pedicellus, (Fig. 11). Mesosternum with fine disperse puncta- base of flagellum up to the 3rd segment, tegula and tion on a smooth background. Metapleurum finely legs yellowish red. Flagellum dark brown or black- granulate and finely rugose, partly rugose-punctate. ish medially and distally. Mid coxa basally and hind Hind femur 4.0 times as long as high. Hind tarsal coxa almost completely blackish. Pterostigma dark claws short. Pterostigma 2.0 times as long as wide. brown. Gastral tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards Metacarpus reaching half the distance from radial dark brown, the tergites yellowish red posteriorly cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum and laterally. 0.4 times as long as petiolar area, about as long as ?M: Malar space index 0.5. Flagellum with 19 seg- wide, covered with wrinkles, with lateral carinae. ments, 1st segment 2.7 times, 2nd segment 2.0 times, Dorsolateral area finely granulate, slightly shining, median segments and penultimate segment 1.7 times sometimes with some fine punctures. Petiolar area 1.6 as long as wide. In other characters similar to the W, times as long as wide, flat, the lateral carinae replaced but without clear evidence that it belongs to the same by several wrinkles anteriorly, granulate and with species (1M from Wada, Idaho; CAM). fine wrinkles, with fine transverse striae posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar area (Fig. 12). Propodeal spiracle separated from the Phradis coriaceus spec. nov. pleural carina by five times its diameter, spiracular st carina narrow. 1 gastral tergite 3.2 times as long as Holotype (W): “Laurel, MD., 26. Apr. 65, Malaise Trap” wide. Petiole 1.7 times as long as postpetiole, for the (Maryland, USA) (OTT) – Paratypes (4WW): USA: Loui- greater part smooth dorsally, with few fine striae, siana: Alexandria (HOR); Maryland: Colesville, on with weakly indicated dorsolateral carinae, with Pinus virginiana Mill. (OTT), Meadowood, Colesville few fine striae laterally. Postpetiole 1.2 times as long (WAS), Hughesville (AEI). Flight period: iii-v, with a as wide, smooth. 1st sternite slightly surpassing the peak in iv.

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21 19 18 22 Figs 16-22. Phradis coriaceus spec. nov. (W). 16. Head, top view. 17. Antenna. 18. Mesopleurum. 19. Propodeum, top view. 20. 1st gastral segment, side view. 21. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 22. Ovipositor, side view.

W: Body length 3 mm. Temples distinctly constricted petiole, smooth dorsally, without dorsolateral cari- behind the eyes, 0.75 times as long as the width of nae (these sometimes indicated anteriorly), almost an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect smooth laterally, with few fine striae. Postpetiole 1.2 on the scutellum (Fig. 16). Head 1.3 times as wide as times as long as wide, smooth. 1st sternite surpassing high. Ocellar index 2.0. Malar space index 1.0. Glossa the spiracles (Fig. 20). 2nd tergite 1.4 times as long 0.3 times as long as the width of clypeus. Upper man- as wide. Thyridium oval, close to the anterior edge dibular tooth slightly the longer. Clypeus 0.85 times of the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression weak, about as long as face, 3.1 times as wide as long, slightly 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 21). Gaster claviform rounded, finely granulate and with a few punctures and slightly compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor 1.3 dorsally, smooth medially and subventrally. Head times, ovipositor sheath 0.9 times as long as 1st tergite. (except clypeus) granulate and dull, without punc- Ovipositor slender, almost evenly bent upwards over tures. Flagellum with 15 segments (14 segments in its total length, abruptly narrowed subapically, the one paratype), filiform, 1st segment 2.7 times, 2nd tip very thin (Fig. 22). segment 2.2 times, median segments 1.4 times, pe- Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth brown), nultimate segment 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 17). ventral half of clypeus, scape, pedicellus, base of Pronotum granulate. Mesoscutum and scutellum flagellum up to the 4th segment, tegula and legs yel- granulate. Notaulus as a fine furrow, extending lowish red or light reddish brown. Flagellum dark to 0.1 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar brown medially and distally. Mid coxa basally, hind furrow smooth. Scutellum bordered by carinae on coxa almost completely black. Pterostigma medium the anterior 0.4. Mesopleurum granulate and dull, brown. Gastral tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards a few fine punctures hardly discernible, speculum dark brown or blackish. with fine longitudinal striae. Foveate groove absent, M unknown. replaced by a very shallow and very finely wrinkled depression (Fig. 18). Mesosternum granulate, partly somewhat shining. Metapleurum granulate and dull. Hind femur 4.0 times as long as high. Hind tarsal Phradis curvicauda spec. nov. claws short. Pterostigma 2.2 times as long as wide. Metacarpus reaching half the distance from radial Holotype (W): “Hyatt Reservoir, VI. 20. 78, Ore., H. & M. ” cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.4 Townes (Oregon, USA) (AEI). – Paratypes 6WW, 4MM): USA: Oregon: Hyatt Reservoir (AEI, HOR), Aldrich times as long as petiolar area, slightly longer than Mts., Grant Co. (AEI); Wyoming: Dunraven Pass, Yel- wide, covered with wrinkles, lateral carinae complete lowstone Park, 2700 m (CAM). Flight period: vi-vii. or partly obliterated. Dorsolateral area granulate and dull. Petiolar area 1.5 times as long as wide, slightly W: Body length 4 mm. Temples moderately con- depressed, granulate, with fine transverse striae stricted behind the eyes, 0.8 times as long as the posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as long as width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples petiolar area (Fig. 19). Propodeal spiracle separated intersect on the 1st gastral tergite (Fig. 23). Head 1.2 from the pleural carina by four times its diameter, times as wide as high. Ocellar index 2.0. Malar space spiracular carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite 3.5 times index 0.7. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of as long as wide. Petiole 1.9 times as long as post- clypeus. Upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer.

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23 27

26 28

Figs 23-30. Phradis curvicauda spec. nov. 23-29. W. 23. Head, top view. 24. Antenna. 25. Mesopleurum. 26. Pro- podeum, top view. 27. 1st gastral segment, side view. 28. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 29. Ovipositor, side view. 30. M. Antenna.

Clypeus 0.9 times as long as face, 3.0 times as wide reaching 0.6 the distance from radial cell to the as long, slightly rounded and with a few punctures tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.3 times as on a smooth background dorsally, flat and smooth long as petiolar area, 0.7-0.9 times as long as wide, subventrally. Face and frons finely granulate and covered with wrinkles, usually with distinct lateral with fine and dense punctation. Vertex with dense carinae. Dorsolateral area finely granulate and finely punctation on a very finely granulate background. rugose-punctate, slightly shining. Petiolar area 1.6 Temple with fine rather dense punctation on a times as long as wide, slightly depressed, finely smooth background. Flagellum with 9 segments, rugose-punctate anteriorly, with fine transverse slightly clavate, 1st segment 5.3 times, 2nd segment striae posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as 5.5 times, 5th segments 3.0 times, penultimate seg- long as petiolar area (Fig. 26). Propodeal spiracle ment 1.6 times as long as wide (Fig. 24). Pronotum separated from the pleural carina by five times its finely granulate and with fine punctation dorsola- diameter, spiracular carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite terally, striate in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum 3.3 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.5 times as long as and scutellum with fine and dense punctation on postpetiole, almost smooth and with few very fine a very finely granulate or smooth background. striae dorsally, with indistinct dorsolateral carinae, Notaulus as a distinct furrow, with a carina at its completely striate laterally. Postpetiole 1.3 times as inner side, extending to 0.2 the length of the mes- long as wide, almost smooth, sometimes very finely oscutum. Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum sculptured anteriorly, the lateral contours slightly bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.4. Mesopleu- rounded. 1st sternite slightly surpassing the spira- rum with fine and rather dense punctation on a very cles (Fig. 27). 2nd tergite 1.4 times as long as wide. finely granulate or smooth background, speculum Thyridium oval, close to the anterior edge of the 2nd wrinkled. Foveate groove as a furrow with trans- tergite, thyridial depression about as long as wide verse wrinkles, about half as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 28). Gaster compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor (Fig. 25). Mesosternum with fine dispersed puncta- 2.8 times, ovipositor sheath 1.9 times as long as 1st tion on a smooth background. Metapleurum finely tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards proximally granulate and finely rugose-punctate. Hind femur and medially, strongly bent upwards distally, with 4.1 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws short. a distinct triangular dorsal incision subapically, its Pterostigma 2.1 times as long as wide. Metacarpus tip evenly tapered (Fig. 29).

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32 31 35

33 36 34 37 Figs 31-37. Phradis flavicoxa spec. nov. (W). 31. Head, top view. 32. Antenna. 33. Mesopleurum. 34. Propodeum, top view. 35. 1st gastral segment, side view. 36. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 37. Ovipositor, side view.

Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark slightly clavate, 1st segment 2.6 times, 2nd segment brown), median and ventral parts of clypeus, scape, 2.3 times, median segments 1.2 times, penultimate pedicellus, base of flagellum up to the 3rd segment, segment as long as wide (Fig. 32). Pronotum finely tegula and legs yellowish red. Flagellum dark brown granulate dorsolaterally, with very fine striae in medially and distally. Hind coxa brown basally. the anterior groove. Mesoscutum and scutellum Pterostigma dark brown. Gastral tergites from the granulate, rather dull. Notaulus as a distinct furrow, 2nd tergite onwards yellowish red, the 2nd tergite extending to 0.25 the length of the mesoscutum. tinged with black anteriorly. Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.4. Mesopleurum finely M: Malar space index 0.5. Flagellum with 15 seg- granulate and with very fine dispersed punctation ments, 1st segment 3.2 times, 2nd segment 2.6 times, dorsally and medially, slightly shining, granulate median segments 2.0 times, penultimate segment 1.6 and dull below the foveate groove. Foveate groove times as long as wide (Fig. 30). In other characters as a distinct furrow with transverse wrinkles, 0.6- similar to the W. In one case, WW and MM were collected 0.8 times as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 33). Mesos- at the same locality (Hyatt Reservoir, Oregon). ternum finely granulate and with fine punctation. Metapleurum granulate, dull. Hind femur 4.2 times Phradis flavicoxa spec. nov. as long as high. Hind tarsal claws slender, slightly longer than empodium. Pterostigma 2.1 times as Holotype (W): “NFLD., July 1974, South Branch, Hein- long as wide. Metacarpus reaching 0.7 the distance rich, Mal. Trap” (Newfoundland, Canada) (OTT) – Para- from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of pro- types (12WW, 2MM): Canada: British Columbia: White podeum half as long as petiolar area, about as long Lake, Oliver (OTT); Manitoba: Ninette (OTT); Ontario: as wide, covered with wrinkles, the lateral carinae Ottawa, 1W collected at a sap spot on maple (Acer sp.) indistinct. Dorsolateral area granulate and dull, with (TEX), Trenton (OTT); Quebec: Laniel (HOR). USA: short wrinkles at the edges. Petiolar area 1.7 times California: Olema, Marin Co. (TEX); Iowa: Forest City as long as wide, slightly depressed, granulate, with (WAS): Washington: Mt. Constitution (CAM). Flight additional transverse striae medially and posteriorly. period: v-vii, with a peak in vi. Posterior lateral area 0.6 times as long as petiolar W: Body length 2.5 mm. Temples strongly constricted area (Fig. 34). Propodeal spiracle separated from the behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the width of an pleural carina by four times its diameter, spiracular eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite 3.5 times as long as the posterior half of the mesoscutum (Fig. 31). Head wide. Petiole 1.5 times as long as postpetiole, almost 1.1 times as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.6. Malar trapezoid in cross-section, flat dorsally, completely space index 0.9. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width striate dorsally and laterally, dorsolateral carinae of clypeus. Mandibular teeth about equal. Clypeus present. Postpetiole 1.4 times as long as wide, finely 0.8 times as long as face, 2.8 times as wide as long, striate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. 1st sternite slightly rounded, with a few fine punctures on a surpassing the spiracles (Fig. 35). 2nd tergite 1.3 times smooth background dorsally, smooth subventrally. as long as wide. Thyridium oval, rather close to the Face and frons granulate. Vertex finely granulate and anterior edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression with fine dispersed punctation. Temple with very 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 36). Gaster compressed fine dispersed punctation on a finely granulate or posteriorly. Ovipositor 1.7 times, ovipositor sheath smooth background. Flagellum with 13 segments, 1.0 times as long as 1st tergite. Ovipositor rather

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43 40

45 41 Figs 38-45. Phradis flavipes spec. nov. 38-44. W. 38. Head, top view. 39. Antenna. 40. Mesopleurum. 41. Propodeum, top view. 42. 1st gastral segment, side view. 43. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 44. Ovipositor, side view. 45. M. An- tenna. stout, slighly bent upwards proximally and medially, W: Body length 4-5 mm. Temples distinctly con- moderately bent upwards distally, with a shallow stricted behind the eyes, 0.65 times as long as the rounded dorsal depression subapically, its tip evenly width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples tapered (Fig. 37). intersect on the propodeum (Fig. 38). Head 1.3 times Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth light brown), as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.6-1.7. Malar space median and ventral parts of clypeus, scape, pedicel- index 0.6. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of lus, tegula and legs yellowish red. Flagellum tinged clypeus. Upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer. with yellowish red proximally (up to the 3rd segment Clypeus 0.8 times as long as face, 3.3 times as wide as or less), blackish medially and distally. Pterostigma long, rounded and with some punctures on a finely medium or dark brown. Gastral tergites from the granulate background dorsally, flat and smooth 2nd tergite onwards dark reddish brown or blackish. medially and subventrally. Face, frons and vertex finely granulate and with fine and rather dense or M: Body length 2 mm. Malar space index 0.6. Flag- dense punctation. Temple with fine and rather dense ellum with 15 segments, filiform, 1st segment 2.4 punctation on a very finely granulate or smooth times. 2nd segment 2.5 times, median segments and background. Flagellum with 7 segments, very slen- penultimate segment 1.6 times as long as wide. Fo- der, filiform, 1st segment 5.2 times, 2nd segment 5.8 veate groove 0.6 times as long as mesopleurum. In times, penultimate segment 3.5 times, last segment other characters similar to the W. In two cases, WW 2.1 times as long as wide, last segment 0.6 times as and MM were collected at the same locality (Ottawa, long as penultimate segment (Fig. 39). Thorax with a Trenton, Ontario). smooth background. Pronotum with fine and dense punctation dorsolaterally, with rather long striae in Phradis flavipes spec. nov. the anterior groove. Mesoscutum and scutellum with fine and dense punctation. Notaulus as a distinct Holotype (W): “Julian, Calif., May 24, 1974, H. & M. furrow, with a carina at its inner side, extending Townes” (California, USA) (AEI). – Paratypes (2WW, to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar 5MM): USA: California: Julian (AEI, HOR), Maricopa, furrow smooth. Scutellum bordered by carinae on Kern Co. (WAH). Flight period: v-vi. the anterior 0.3. Mesopleurum with distinct rather

76 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de dense or dense punctation, speculum with addi- Phradis kasparyani Khalaim tional wrinkles. Foveate groove as a rather narrow furrow, with short transverse wrinkles, about half W: Body length 3-4 mm. Temples moderately con- as long as mesopleurum (shorter in smaller speci- stricted behind the eyes, 0.75 times as long as the mens) (Fig. 40). Mesosternum with fine dispersed width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples punctation. Metapleurum with fine and very dense intersect on the petiole (Fig. 46). Head 1.25 times punctation. Hind femur 4.2 times as long as high. as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.5. Malar space Longer hind tibial spur short, 0.2 times as long as index 0.6. Glossa 0.3 times as long as the width of the basitarsus. Hind tarsal claws short. Pterostigma clypeus. Upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer. 1.8 times as long as wide. Metacarpus reaching 0.6 Clypeus large, as long as face, 3.2 times as wide as the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Ba- long, slightly rounded, finely granulate and with a sal area of propodeum 0.3 times as long as petiolar few punctures dorsally, smooth subventrally. Face area, about 0.7 times as long as wide, covered with granulate and with fine dispersed or rather dense wrinkles, without distinct lateral carinae. Dorsola- punctation. Frons granulate and dull, punctation teral area with distinct dispersed or rather dense hardly discernible. Vertex finely granulate and punctation on a smooth background. Petiolar area with fine dispersed punctation. Temple with fine 1.5 times as long as wide, slightly depressed, rugose- dispersed punctation on a very finely granulate or punctate, with a few transverse striae posteriorly. smooth background, distinctly shining. Flagellum Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar with 15-17 segments, filiform, 1st segment 3.0 times, area (Fig. 41). Propodeal spiracle separated from the 2nd segment 2.3 times, median segments 1.7 times, pleural carina by five times its diameter, spiracular penultimate segment 1.4 times as long as wide carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite 3.5 times as long (Fig. 47). Pronotum finely granulate and with fine as wide. Petiole 1.6 times as long as postpetiole, for dense punctation dorsolaterally, with long striae the greater part smooth dorsally and laterally, with in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum granulate and very fine dorsolateral carinae, with fine sculpture with fine dispersed or rather dense punctation, for dorsally in front of the postpetiole, with a few fine the greater part dull, slightly shining sublaterally. striae laterally. Postpetiole 1.4 times as long as wide, Notaulus as a wrinkled furrow, extending to 0.2 the with very fine sculpture anteriorly, smooth poste- length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with riorly. 1st sternite surpassing the spiracles (Fig. 42). fine striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the an- 2nd tergite 1.3 times as long as wide. Thyridium oval, terior 0.5-0.7, granulate and punctate. Mesopleurum close to the anterior edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial for the greater part granulate and dull, speculum and depression indistinct, about as long as wide (Fig. 43). central part somewhat shining (rarely mesopleurum Gaster clavate-compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor with a very finely granulate background, strongly 2.5 times, ovipositor sheath 1.5 times as long as 1st shining), a fine punctation distinct or hardly discern- gastral tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards ible. Foveate groove as a wrinkled furrow, about proximally and medially, strongly bent upwards half as long as mesopleurum (sometimes shorter distally, with a distinct triangular dorsal incision and somewhat indistinct) (Fig. 48). Mesosternum subapically, its tip evenly tapered (Fig. 44). finely granulate and with fine dispersed punctation, Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark shining. Metapleurum granulate, dull or somewhat brown), median and ventral parts of the clypeus, shining, punctation hardly discernible. Hind femur scape, pedicellus, tegula and legs yellowish red. 4.0 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws short. Flagellum tinged with yellowish red proximally, Pterostigma 1.9 times as long as wide. Metacarpus dark brown distally. Pterostigma dark brown. Gas- reaching 0.4 the distance from radial cell to the tral tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards yellowish tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.3 times as red, the 2nd tergite marked with black basally (to a long as petiolar area, about as long as wide, with variable extent). lateral carinae, covered with longitudinal wrinkles. Dorsolateral area almost smooth centrally, with M: Body length 3.8-4.5 mm. Malar space index 0.4. fine sculpture, shining, with wrinkles at the edges Flagellum with 15 segments, almost filiform, 1st seg- (sometimes granulate and less shining centrally). ment 3.0 times, 2nd segment 2.4 times, median seg- Petiolar area 1.1 times as long as wide, flat, covered ments and penultimate segment 1.9 times as long as with striae and wrinkles, the lateral carinae distinct wide (Fig. 45). Foveate groove somewhat shorter and posteriorly, replaced by several wrinkles anteriorly. straighter than in the W. In other characters similar Posterior lateral area 0.8 times as long as petiolar to the W. In one case, WW and MM were collected at area (Fig. 49). Propodeal spiracle separated from the the same locality (Julian, California). pleural carina by 3-4 times its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite 2.4 times as long as

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49 51 48 52 Figs 46-52. Phradis kasparyani Khalaim (W). 46. Head, top view. 47. Antenna. 48. Mesopleurum. 49. Propodeum, top view. 50. 1st gastral segment, side view. 51. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 52. Ovipositor, side view. wide. Petiole 1.3 times as long as postpetiole, with Material (83WW, 88MM): USA: Arizona (AEI), California fine striae dorsally and laterally, with dorsolateral (AEI, FRA, HOR, OTT, TEX, WAS, ZSM), Oregon (AEI). carinae, the dorsal anterior part smooth. Postpetiole Flight period: iii-v, with a peak in iv. Few specimens 1.1 times as long as wide, often with a small groove were collected in Arizona and California at 1400-1700 m medially, with fine striae anteriorly, smooth pos- a.s.l. (AEI, OTT). teriorly. 1st sternite reaching the spiracles (Fig. 50). Taxonomic remark: One paratype (W) from the type 2nd tergite about as long as wide. Thyridium almost locality (San Bernardino, California) was studied circular, indistinct, close to the anterior edge of the (ZSM). 2nd tergite, thyridial depression usually wider than long (Fig. 51), sometimes slightly longer than wide. Gaster clavate-compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor Phradis longicauda spec. nov. 1.4 times, ovipositor sheath 0.9 times as long as 1st gastral tergite. Ovipositor stout, almost straight Holotype (W): “Texas: Brazos Co.: Lick Creek Park, 2-9. proximally, distinctly bent upwards distally, with a ii.2008, R. Wharton” (TEX). small almost triangular dorsal incision subapically, W: Body length 3.5 mm. Temples distinctly con- its tip evenly tapered (Fig. 52). stricted behind the eyes, 0.8 times as long as the Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth light width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples brown), scape, pedicelus, proximal segments of intersect on the prescutellar furrow (Fig. 53). Head flagellum (to a variable extent), tegula and legs 1.2 times as wide as high. Ocellar index 2.0. Malar yellowish red. Flagellum blackish medially and space index 1.3. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width distally. Hind coxa dark brown. Hind femur often of clypeus. Upper mandibular tooth distinctly the tinged with brown medially. Pterostigma medium longer. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as face, 2.9 times as nd or dark brown. Gastral tergites from the 2 tergite wide as long, slightly rounded, finely granulate and onwards blackish, tinged with brown laterally (rarely with a few punctures dorsally, with few punctures on tergites marked with yellowish red posteriorly and a smooth background subventrally. Face and frons laterally). granulate, rather dull. Vertex and temple slightly M: Flagellum with 16-20 segments, 1st segment 3.0 granulate, shining, without discernible punctures. times, 2nd segment 2.3 times, median segments and Flagellum with 14 segments, filiform, 1st segment penultimate segment 1.7 times as long as wide. 2.6 times, 2nd segment 2.1 times, median segments Foveate groove sometimes short and indistinct. 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.4 times as long as Thyridium larger, and thyridial depression distinct wide (Fig. 54). Pronotum granulate dorsolaterally, and about as long as wide. In other characters simi- with striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum and lar to the W. WW and MM were often collected at the scutellum granulate and dull. Notaulus as a narrow same localities. furrow, with a carina at its inner side, extending to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with few fine striae. Scutellum bordered by

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56 58 55 59 Figs 53-59. Phradis longicauda spec. nov. (W). 53. Head, top view. 54. Antenna. 55. Mesopleurum. 56. Propodeum, top view. 57. 1st gastral segment, side view. 58. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 59. Ovipositor, side view. carinae on the anterior 0.2. Mesopleurum granulate Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark and dull, speculum somewhat shining. Foveate brown), median and subventral parts of clypeus, groove as a distinct transversely striated furrow, scape, pedicellus, tegula and legs yellowish red. about 0.7 times as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 55). Flagellum blackish, 1st segment tinged with yellow- Mesosternum finely granulate and with very fine ish red. Pterostigma blackish, narrowly marked with punctures. Metapleurum granulate and dull, with white proximally and distally. Gastral tergites from wrinkles ventrally. Hind leg slender, femur 4.4 times the 2nd tergite onwards blackish, the tergites tinged as long as high. Hind tarsal claws slightly longer than with reddish brown posteriorly and laterally. empodium. Pterostigma 1.8 times as long as wide. M unknown. Metacarpus reaching 0.7 the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.3 times as long as petiolar area, about as long as wide, covered with longitudinal wrinkles, without Phradis minor spec. nov. lateral carinae. Dorsolateral area granulate and dull, Holotype (W): “TEXAS: Walker Co., 10 mi. W New with wrinkles at the edges. Petiolar area about 1.3 Waverly, 24.iii.1991, R. Wharton” (TEX). – Paratype: 1W times as long as wide, slightly depressed, granulate USA, Louisiana, Oak Grove, 31.iii.1960 (OTT). and granulate-strigose, with fine transverse striae posteriorly, the lateral carinae distinct medially and W: Body length 3.5 mm. Temples distinctly constrict- posteriorly, replaced by several wrinkles anteriorly. ed behind the eyes, 0.65 times as long as the width of Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect area (Fig. 56). Propodeal spiracle separated from the on the prescutellar furrow (Fig. 60). Head 1.3 times pleural carina by 0.3 times its diameter, spiracular as wide as high. Ocellar index 2.0. Malar space index carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite 3.0 times as long as 1.0. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of clypeus. wide. Petiole 1.5 times as long as postpetiole, almost Mandibular teeth about equal. Clypeus 0.9 times as smooth and with very fine sculpture dorsally, with long as face, 3.0 times as wide as long, almost flat, indistinct dorsolateral carinae, completely striate lat- finely granulate and with rather dense punctation erally. Postpetiole 1.2 times as long as wide, smooth. dorsally, smooth medially and subventrally. Face 1st sternite slightly surpassing the spiracles (Fig. 57). and frons granulate and with fine dense punctation. 2nd tergite 0.9 times as long as wide. Thyridium oval, Vertex finely granulate and with fine rather dense close to the anterior edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial punctation. Temple with very fine dispersed puncta- depression indistinct, about as long as wide (Fig. 58). tion on a very finely granulate background, distinctly Gaster clavate posteriorly. Ovipositor 3.0 times, ovi- shining. Flagellum with 8 segments, filiform, very positor sheath 2.2 times as long as 1st gastral tergite. slender proximally and medially, 1st segment 4.7 Ovipositor slender, slightly bent upwards proximally times, 2nd segment 5.0 times, 5th segment 3.5 times, and medially, distinctly bent upwards distally, with penultimate segment 1.8 times, last segment 2.8 a shallow rounded dorsal depression subapically, its times as long as wide (Fig. 61). Pronotum granulate tip evenly tapered (Fig. 59). and dull dorsolaterally, with indistinct striae in the

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60 64

65 62 66 Figs 60-66. Phradis minor spec. nov. (W). 60. Head, top view. 61. Antenna. 62. Mesopleurum. 63. Propodeum, top view. 64. 1st gastral segment, side view. 65. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 66. Ovipositor, side view. anterior groove. Mesoscutum and scutellum finely slightly bent upwards proximally and medially, granulate and with fine dense punctation. Notaulus distinctly bent upwards distally, with a small almost as an indistinct furrow, extending to 0.15 the length triangular dorsal incision subapically, its tip evenly of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow with few fine tapered (Fig. 66). striae. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark 0.4. Mesopleurum finely granulate and with rather brown), median and ventral parts of clypeus, scape, dense or dense punctation, partly rugose-punctate. pedicellus, tegula and legs yellowish red. Flagellum Foveate groove as a rather indistinct furrow, with blackish, 1st and 2nd segments tinged with brown. some transverse striae, about 0.4 times as long as Hind coxa dark brown basally. Pterostigma dark mesopleurum (Fig. 62). Mesosternum finely granu- brown. Gastral tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards late and with fine dispersed punctation, shining. reddish brown, 2nd tergite tinged with black anteri- Metapleurum granulate and with very dense puncta- orly. tion. Hind femur 4.0 times as long as high. Hind tarsal M unknown. claws short. Pterostigma 1.8 times as long as wide. Metacarpus reaching 0.6 the distance from radial Variation: The description is made from the holo- cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.3 type. The paratype is smaller (body length 2.5 mm), times as long as petiolar area, about as long as wide, the right flagellum consists of 7 segments (propor- covered with longitudinal wrinkles, lateral carinae tions as in the holotype), in the left flagellum the indistinct. Dorsolateral area granulate and dull, last segment is subdivided (thus flagellum with 8 with wrinkles at the edges. Petiolar area 1.3 times segments). In other characters this specimen agrees as long as wide, slightly depressed, granulate and very well with the holotype. dull, with fine transverse striae posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.6 times as long as petiolar area (Fig. 63). Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina by 2.5 times its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. Phradis nigricoxa spec. nov. 1st gastral tergite 3.4 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.8 times as long as postpetiole, finely granulate and Holotype (W): “Hyatt Reservoir, VI.29.78, Ore., H. & M. ” granulate-strigose dorsally, with indistinct dorsola- Townes (Oregon, USA) (AEI). – Paratype: 1W with the same data (AEI). teral carinae, completely striate laterally. Postpetiole 1.2 times as long as wide, very finely granulate. 1st W: Body length 3.5 mm. Temples slightly constricted sternite surpassing the spiracles (Fig. 64). 2nd tergite behind the eyes, 0.8 times as long as the width of an 0.8 times as long as wide. Thyridium oval, rather eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect close to the anterior edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial on the 1st gastral tergite (Fig. 67). Head 1.2 times as depression indistinct, about twice as long as wide wide as high. Ocellar index 1.8. Malar space index (Fig. 65). Gaster clavate-compressed posteriorly. 0.7. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of clypeus. Ovipositor 2.2 times, ovipositor sheath 1.5 times Upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer. Clypeus as long as 1st gastral tergite. Ovipositor slender, 0.8 times as long as face, 3.4 times as wide as long,

80 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de

68 67 71

69 70 73

Figs 67-73. Phradis nigricoxa spec. nov. (W). 67. Head, top view. 68. Antenna. 69. Mesopleurum. 70. Propodeum, top view. 71. 1st gastral segment, side view. 72. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 73. Ovipositor, side view. slightly rounded, finely granulate and distinctly lateral carinae. Dorsolateral area finely granulate punctate dorsally, flat and smooth medially and and with fine rather dense punctation, shining. subventrally. Face and frons distinctly granulate Petiolar area 1.4 times as long as wide, flat, slightly and with fine dense punctation, central swelling granulate and shining anteriorly, with transverse of face somewhat shining. Vertex finely granulate striae posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.6 times as and with fine rather dense punctation. Temple with long as petiolar area (Fig. 70). Propodeal spiracle fine dispersed punctation, the background smooth separated from the pleural carina by three times its centrally, finely granulate ventrally. Flagellum with diameter, spiracular carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite 17 segments, filiform, 1st segment 3.3 times, 2nd seg- 3.5 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.6 times as long ment 2.4 times, median segments and penultimate as postpetiole, almost smooth dorsally, with weak segment 1.2-1.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 68). dorsolateral carinae, completely striate laterally. Pronotum finely granulate and with fine dispersed Postpetiole 1.4 times as long as wide, with very fine or rather dense punctation dorsolaterally, with dis- sculpture anteriorly, smooth posteriorly, with a small tinct striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum and central depression. 1st sternite slightly surpassing scutellum finely granulate and with rather dense the spiracles (Fig. 71). 2nd tergite 1.2 times as long or dense punctation, shining. Notaulus as a shal- as wide. Thyridium elongated, close to the anterior low wrinkled groove, extending to 0.2 the length edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression about of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow smooth. twice as long as wide (Fig. 72). Gaster compressed Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3. posteriorly. Ovipositor 1.7 times, ovipositor sheath Mesopleurum finely granulate and with fine dis- 1.1 times as long as 1st gastral tergite. Ovipositor persed or rather dense punctation, shining. Fove- slender, slightly bent upwards proximally, strongly ate groove as a wrinkled furrow, 0.3-0.4 times as bent upwards distally, abruptly narrowed subapi- long as mesopleurum (Fig. 69). Mesosternum with cally, the tip very thin (Fig. 73). fine dispersed punctation on a finely granulate or Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark smooth background. Metapleurum finely granu- brown), scape, pedicellus, tegula and legs yellowish late and with fine dense punctation. Hind femur red. Clypeus dark brown medially and ventrally. 4.1 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws short. Flagellum blackish. Mid and hind coxa black. Hind Pterostigma 1.8 times as long as wide. Metacarpus trochanter, hind trochantellus and hind femur reaching 0.7 the distance from radial cell to the tip brown, the femur marked with yellowish red api- of wing. Basal area of propodeum about 0.4 times cally. Pterostigma blackish. Gastral tergites from as long as petiolar area, trapezoid, about as long as the 2nd tergite onwards blackish, tinged with dark wide, covered with irregular wrinkles, with distinct brown.

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74 78

77 80 Figs 74-80. Phradis nitidipleuris spec. nov. (W). 74. Head, top view. 75. Antenna. 76. Mesopleurum. 77. Propodeum, top view. 78. 1st gastral segment, side view. 79. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 80. Ovipositor, side view.

M unknown. background. Flagellum with 16 segments, filiform, 1st segment 3.4 times, 2nd segment 2.7 times, median Variation: In 1W (Moscow Mt., Idaho; CAM) (not segments 1.8 times, penultimate segment 1.25 times included in the type series) the foveate groove is as long as wide (Fig. 75). Pronotum finely granulate about 0.8 times as long as mesopleurum. This W is and with fine dispersed punctation dorsolater- slightly smaller (body length 3 mm), and the oviposi- ally, with distinct striae in the anterior groove. tor is slightly longer (ovipositor 1.8 times, ovipositor Mesoscutum and scutellum with fine dispersed sheath 1.3 times as long as 1st gastral tergite). In other punctation on a smooth background. Notaulus as a characters it agrees well with the nominate form. Its shallow wrinkled groove, extending to 0.2 the length status is uncertain. of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3. Mesopleurum and mesosternum with fine dispersed Phradis nitidipleuris spec. nov. punctation on a smooth background, strongly shining, mesopleurum with wrinkles below the foveate Holotype (W): “USA, Wyoming, Albany Co., Medicine groove and at the posterior edge. Foveate groove as Bow Natl. Forest, Yellow Pines Camp Area near Pole a wrinkled furrow, about 0.6 times as long as meso- Creek, S. R. Shaw, 4-11 June 2003, Malaise trap (near pleurum (Fig. 76). Metapleurum finely granulate and willows)” (LAR). with very fine dispersed punctation, shining. Hind W: Body length 4 mm. Temples distinctly constricted leg rather slender, femur 4.4 times as long as high. behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the width of an Hind tarsal claws slender, longer than empodium. eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect Pterostigma 2.4 times as long as wide. Metacarpus on the scutellum (Fig. 74). Head 1.3 times as wide reaching 0.4 the distance from radial cell to the tip as high. Ocellar index 1.7. Malar space index 0.8. of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.4 times as long Glossa 0.3 times as long as the width of clypeus. as petiolar area, about as long as wide, covered with Mandibular teeth about equal. Clypeus 0.85 times wrinkles, lateral carinae indistinct. Dorsolateral area as long as face, 2.9 times as wide as long, distinctly with wrinkles and some punctures, shining. Petiolar rounded and with fine punctation on a finely granu- area 1.5 times as long as wide, flat, with irregular late background dorsally, flat and smooth medially wrinkles anteriorly, with fine transverse striae and subventrally. Face and frons finely granulate posteriorly, the lateral carinae indistinct anteriorly, and with fine dispersed punctation, central swell- distinct posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.7 times ing of face with a smooth background. Vertex and as long as petiolar area (Fig. 77). Propodeal spiracle temple with fine dispersed punctation on a smooth separated from the pleural carina by four times

82 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de

84 83

86 87 Figs 81-87. Phradis nitidus spec. nov. (W). 81. Head, top view. 82. Antenna. 83. Mesopleurum. 84. Propodeum, top view. 85. 1st gastral segment, side view. 86. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 87. Ovipositor, side view. its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. 1st gastral Mt. Robson Prov. Pk. (AEI), Oliver (OTT), Squam- tergite 4.0 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.6 times ish, 975 m (HOR, OTT), Stone Mt. Pk., 1160 m (AEI); as long as postpetiole, smooth dorsally, without Yukon: Burwath Landing (OTT), Champagne, 700 m dorsolateral carinae, with a few fine striae laterally. (AEI), La Force Lake, 1000 m (OTT), Whitehorse (OTT). Postpetiole 1.5 times as long as wide, smooth, with USA: Colorado: Grand Lake (AEI), Poudre Lake (AEI); Idaho: W. Springs (LAN); New Mexico: Sandia Mts., a shallow groove centrally. 1st sternite reaching the 2600 m (AEI), Taos (AEI, HOR); Wyoming: Medicine spiracles (Fig. 78). 2nd tergite 1.5 times as long as Bow Range, 2900 m (WAS). Flight period: vi-viii, with wide. Thyridium oval, close to the anterior edge of a distinct peak in viii. the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression about 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 79). Gaster clavate posteriorly. W: Body length 4 mm. Temples strongly constricted Ovipositor 1.9 times, ovipositor sheath 1.3 times as behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the width of an long as 1st gastral tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on upwards proximally and medially, distinctly (but the prescutellar furrow (Fig. 81). Head 1.15 times as not strongly) bent upwards distally, with a shallow wide as high. Ocellar index 1.5. Malar space index rounded dorsal depression subapically, its tip evenly 0.85. Glossa usually 0.7-0.8 times as long as the tapered (Fig. 80). width of clypeus (but see below). Maxillary palpus Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth brown), about half as long as the height of head. Upper man- median and ventral parts of clypeus, tegula and legs dibular tooth slightly the longer. Clypeus 0.8 times yellowish red. Scape and pedicellus tinged with yel- as long as face, 2.8 times as wide as long, rounded, lowish red ventrally. Flagellum blackish. Mid coxa almost smooth, with a few punctures dorsally. Head for the greater part and hind coxa completely black. shining. Face and frons finely granulate and with Hind femur tinged with brown medially. Gastral very fine rather dense or dense punctation, central tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards blackish, tinged swelling of face with a smooth background. Vertex with dark brown laterally. finely granulate and with fine dispersed punctation. Temple with fine dispersed punctation on a smooth M unknown. background. Flagellum with 13 segments, filiform, 1st segment 3.4 times, 2nd segment 3.3 times, median segments 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.3 times Phradis nitidus spec. nov. as long as wide (Fig. 82). Pronotum finely granulate and with fine rather dense punctation dorsolaterally, Holotype (W): “CANADA: Yukon Territory, Haines Junct, Dezadeash Lake, 700-900 m; 2.viii.1988; S & J with long striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum Peck” (AEI). – Paratypes (19WW, 8MM): Canada: Alberta: and scutellum finely granulate and with fine and Cameron Lake, Waterton Nat. Pk. (OTT), Johnston rather dense punctation. Notaulus as a distinct Canyon, Banff, 1430 m (HOR, OTT); British Columbia: furrow, with a carina at its inner side, extending Cassiar Hwy. (AEI), Kaslo (WAS), Lac la Hache (OTT), to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar

83 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de furrow with a few fine striae. Scutellum bordered characters similar to the W. In one case, WW and MM by carinae on the anterior 0.3. Mesopleurum with were collected at the same locality (Banff, Alberta). distinct dispersed or rather dense punctation on a Variation: In some specimens (not included in the smooth background dorsally and medially, shining, type series) the glossa is shorter, 0.4 times as long wrinkled ventrally below the foveate groove. Fove- as the width of clypeus in the W, 0.5 times as long in ate groove as a wrinkled furrow, about 0.7 times as the M (1W, 3MM Graham Mts., 2700 m, Coronado Natl. long as mesopleurum (Fig. 83). Mesosternum with Forest, Graham Co., Arizona; TEX; 1W Forest Road 60, fine dispersed punctation on a smooth background. Skamania Co., Washington; TEX). Other differences Metapleurum granulate and rugose-punctate. Hind from the nominate form could not be found. femur 4.2 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws slightly longer than empodium. Pterostigma 2.1 times as long as wide. Metacarpus reaching 0.7 the Phradis punctatus spec. nov. distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.45 times as long as petiolar Holotype (W): “Kazabazua, Que., 6-VI-56” (Quebec, area, about as long as wide, trapezoid, lateral carinae Canada), “Collector W. R. M. Mason”, “Taken on pines” sometimes indistinct, covered with irregular wrin- (OTT). – Paratype: 1W from the same locality, 21.v.1957 kles. Dorsolateral area covered with irregular wrin- (OTT). kles. Petiolar area 1.6 times as long as wide, slightly W: Body length 4 mm. Temples distinctly constricted depressed, with distinct transverse striae. Posterior behind the eyes, 0.65 times as long as the width of an lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar area (Fig. 84). eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on Propodeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina the scutellum (Fig. 88). Head 1.25 times as wide as by four times its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. high. Ocellar index 1.9. Malar space index 0.8. Glossa 1st gastral tergite 3.2 times as long as wide. Petiole 0.4 times as long as the width of clypeus. Mandibular 1.5 times as long as postpetiole, with distinct striae teeth about equal. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as face, dorsally and laterally, dorsally with a smooth area 2.8 times as wide as long, slightly rounded and with anteriorly, dorsolateral carinae indicated. Postpetiole distinct punctation on a finely granulate background 1.3 times as long as wide, with a shallow depression dorsally, flat and smooth subventrally. Face and anteriorly, smooth or with fine longitudinal striae frons granulate and with very fine rather dense punc- anteriorly. 1st sternite reaching the spiracles (Fig. 85). tation, rather dull, central swelling of face somewhat 2nd tergite 1.2 times as long as wide. Thyridium shining. Vertex and temple with fine rather dense oval, slightly distant from the anterior edge of the punctation on a very finely granulate background. 2nd tergite, thyridial depression distinct, about 1.3 Flagellum with 16 segments, filiform, 1st segment 2.9 times as long as wide (Fig. 86). Gaster compressed times, 2nd segment 2.4 times, median segments and posteriorly. Ovipositor 2.1 times, ovipositor sheath penultimate segment 1.2-1.3 times as long as wide 1.25 times as long as 1st gastral tergite. Ovipositor (Fig. 89). Pronotum finely granulate and with dense slender, slightly bent upwards proximally and medi- punctation dorsolaterally, with short striae in the ally, moderately bent upwards distally, with a very anterior groove. Mesoscutum and scutellum finely shallow rounded dorsal depression subapically, its granulate and with fine dense punctation. Notaulus tip very slender, evenly tapered (Fig. 87). as a shallow furrow, extending to 0.2 the length of the Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth brown), mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum scape, pedidellus, tegula and legs yellowish red. bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.4. Mesopleu- Clypeus brownish ventrally. Flagellum dark brown, rum finely granulate and with distinct dense puncta- its proximal segments to a variable extent marked tion, speculum rugose-punctate. Foveate groove as a or tinged with yellowsh brown. Hind coxa marked shallow wrinkled groove, about 0.3 times as long as with brown or blackish basally. Pterostigma medium mesopleurum (Fig. 90). Mesosternum with dispersed brown. Gastral tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards punctation on an almost smooth background. Meta- yellowish red, 2nd tergite marked with black anteri- pleurum granulate and finely and densely punctate. orly, posterior tergites tinged with brown or black Hind femur 3.9 times as long as high. Hind tarsal dorsally. claws short. Pterostigma 2.0 times as long as wide. M: Malar space index 0.7. Flagellum with 15 seg- Metacarpus reaching 0.7 the distance from radial ments, 1st segment 3.6 times, 2nd segment 3.2 times, cell to the tip of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.3 median segments 2.0 times, penultimate segment 1.3 times as long as petiolar area, 0.7 times as long as times as long as wide. Petiole with fine striae, some- wide, trapezoid, with lateral carinae, covered with times almost without striae dorsally. Gastral tergites irregular wrinkles. Dorsolateral area finely granulate sometimes completely dark brown dorsally. In other and with distinct dense punctation. Petiolar area 1.7

89 92

91 90 94 Figs 88-94. Phradis punctatus spec. nov. (W). 88. Head, top view. 89. Antenna. 90. Mesopleurum. 91. Propodeum, top view. 92. 1st gastral segment, side view. 93. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 94. Ovipositor, side view. times as long as wide, slightly depressed, distinctly Phradis rarus spec. nov. granulate and with fine punctures anteriorly, with fine transverse striae posteriorly. Posterior lateral Holotype (W): “Waterton, Alta., 18-VI-1957, O. Peck” area 0.7 times as long as petiolar area (Fig. 91). Pro- (Alberta, Canada) (OTT). podeal spiracle separated from the pleural carina by W: Body length 3.5 mm. Temples slightly constricted st four times its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. 1 behind the eyes, 0.85 times as long as the width of gastral tergite 3.0 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.6 an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect times as long as postpetiole, smooth dorsally (with on the 1st gastral tergite (Fig. 95). Head 1.15 times as very fine sculpture posteriorly), with dorsolateral wide as high. Ocellar index 1.6. Malar space index carinae, striate laterally. Postpetiole 1.1 times as long 0.8. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of clypeus. as wide, granulate and granulate-strigose anteri- Upper mandibular tooth slightly the longer. Clypeus st orly, smooth posteriorly. 1 sternite surpassing the 0.7 times as long as face, 2.9 times as wide as long, nd spiracles (Fig. 92). 2 tergite about as long as wide. rounded, punctate dorsally, smooth medially and nd Thyridium oval, close to the anterior edge of the 2 subventrally. Face and frons granulate and with tergite, thyridial depression about as long as wide fine rather dense or dense punctation, rather dull. (Fig. 93). Gaster clavate-compressed posteriorly. Vertex finely granulate and with fine rather dense Ovipositor 2.0 times, ovipositor sheath 1.4 times as punctation. Temple with distinct dispersed or st long as 1 gastral tergite. Ovipositor slender, slightly rather dense punctation on a very finely granulate bent upwards proximally and medially, distinctly background, shining. Flagellum with 13 segments, bent upwards distally, abruptly narrowed subapi- filiform, 1st segment 3.5 times, 2nd segment 3.4 times, cally, the tip very thin (Fig. 94). median segments 1.7 times, penultimate segment 1.3 Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth light times as long as wide (Fig. 96). Pronotum granulate brown), ventral third of clypeus, scape, tegula and and dull dorsolaterally, with few fine striae in the legs yellowish red. Pedicellus and proximal segments anterior groove. Mesoscutum and scutellum finely st nd of flagellum (up to the 1 or 2 segment) tinged granulate and with fine rather dense punctation, with yellowish red. Mid and hind coxae blackish. somewhat shining. Notaulus as a slightly depressed Pterostigma dark brown. Gastral tergites from the wrinkled groove, extending to 0.2 the length of the nd 2 tergite onwards completely blackish or marked mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum with reddish brown laterally. bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3. Mesopleu- M unknown. rum granulate, finely granulate-strigose and with

100 98

97 101 Figs 95-101. Phradis rarus spec. nov. (W). 95. Head, top view. 96. Antenna. 97. Mesopleurum. 98. Propodeum, top view. 99. 1st gastral segment, side view. 100. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 101. Ovipositor, side view. some fine striae dorsally, punctation hardly or brown), scape, pedicellus, tegula and legs yellowish not at all discernible. Foveate groove as a shallow red. Clypeus reddish brown ventrally. Flagellum groove, with some transverse wrinkles, about half dark brown, the three proximal segments tinged as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 97). Mesosternum with yellowish red. Hind coxa dark brown. Hind finely granulate and finely punctate. Metapleurum femur tinged with light brown basally. Pterostigma finely granulate, somewhat shining. Hind femur light brown. Postpetiole brown. Gastral tergites from 4.2 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws short. the 2nd tergite onwards reddish brown, the posterior Pterostigma 2.3 times as long as wide. Metacarpus tergites tinged with dark brown dorsally. reaching 0.6 the distance from radial cell to the tip M unknown. of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.4 times as long as petiolar area, 1.1 times as long as wide, trapezoid, with lateral carinae, covered with predominantly transverse wrinkles. Dorsolateral area granulate, Phradis striatus spec. nov. with fine wrinkles laterally. Petiolar area 1.2 times Holotype (W): “Kazabazua, Que., 6-VI-56” (Quebec, as long as wide, flat, granulate, with some transverse Canada), “Collector W. R. M. Mason”, “Taken on pines” striae posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as (OTT). – Paratype: 1W with the same data (OTT). long as petiolar area (Fig. 98). Propodeal spiracle very small, separated from the pleural carina by W: Body length 4.5 mm. Temples strongly constricted six times its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. behind the eyes, 0.65 times as long as the width of 1st gastral tergite 2.9 times as long as wide. Petiole an eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect 1.4 times as long as postpetiole, for the greater part on the prescutellar groove (Fig. 102). Head 1.3 times smooth dorsally, with fine sculpture anteriorly, as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.75. Malar space with indistinct dorsolateral carinae, with fine striae index 0.8. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width of laterally. Postpetiole 1.2 times as long as wide, finely clypeus. Mandibular teeth about equal. Clypeus granulate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. 1st sternite 0.9 times as long as face, 2.7 times as wide as long, reaching the spiracles (Fig. 99). 2nd tergite 1.3 times slightly rounded and with distinct punctation on a as long as wide. Thyridium oval, distant from the smooth background dorsally, flat and smooth sub- anterior edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression ventrally. Face and frons granulate and with fine indistinct, about twice as long as wide (Fig. 100). dense punctation, rather dull, central swelling of face Gaster compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor 2.6 times, shining. Vertex granulate and with fine rather dense ovipositor sheath 1.8 times as long as 1st gastral punctation. Temple finely granulate and with fine tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards proximally rather dense punctation, shining. Flagellum with 14 and medially, distinctly bent upwards distally, with segments, filiform, 1st segment 3.1 times, 2nd segment a small triangular dorsal incision subapically, its tip 2.9 times, median segments 1.5 times, penultimate evenly tapered (Fig. 101). segment 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 103). Prono- Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth light tum finely granulate and with fine dense punctation

103

102 106

107

105 104 108 Figs 102-108. Phradis striatus spec. nov. (W). 102. Head, top view. 103. Antenna. 104. Mesopleurum. 105. Propodeum, top view. 106. 1st gastral segment, side view. 107. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 108. Ovipositor, side view. dorsolaterally, with fine striae in the anterior groove. wide. Petiole 1.4 times as long as postpetiole, for the Mesoscutum and scutellum finely granulate and greater part smooth dorsally, with fine sculpture with distinct dense punctation, somewhat shining. posteriorly, with indistinct dorsolateral carinae, Notaulus as a shallowly depressed wrinkled groove, with striae laterally. Postpetiole 1.15 times as long extending to 0.15 the length of the mesoscutum. as wide, with fine sculpture anteriorly, smooth pos- Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum bordered teriorly. 1st sternite reaching the spiracles (Fig. 106). by carinae on the anterior 0.4. Mesopleurum finely 2nd tergite 0.8 times as long as wide. Thyridium oval, granulate and with distinct rather dense or dense close to the anterior edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial punctation, somewhat shining, speculum with some depression about 1.3 times as long as wide (Fig. 107). wrinkles. Foveate groove as a shallowly depressed Gaster clavate-compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor wrinkled furrow, about 0.3 times as long as meso- 2.4 times, ovipositor sheath 1.8 times as long as 1st pleurum (Fig. 104). Mesosternum finely granulate gastral tergite. Ovipositor slightly bent upwards and finely punctate. Metapleurum finely granulate proximally and medially, distinctly bent upwards and with fine very dense punctation. Hind femur distally, with a shallow rounded dorsal depression 4.0 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws short. subapically, its tip evenly tapered (Fig. 108). Pterostigma 2.1 times as long as wide. Metacarpus Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth light reaching 0.7 the distance from radial cell to the tip brown), ventral half of clypeus, scape, pedicellus, of wing. Basal area of propodeum 0.3 times as long tegula and legs yellowish red. Flagellum dark brown, as petiolar area, 0.7 times as long as wide, trap- the four proximal segments tinged with reddish ezoid, with indistinct lateral carinae, covered with brown. Mid coxa dark brown basally, hind coxa irregular wrinkles. Dorsolateral area granulate and completely dark brown. Pterostigma light brown. with distinct dense punctation, dull, with wrinkles Gastral tergites from the 2nd tergite onwards light at the edges. Petiolar area 1.6 times as long as wide, reddish brown, 2nd tergite marked with black ante- slightly depressed, slightly granulate, with distinct riorly. transverse striae medially and posteriorly, the anterior 0.3 with some punctures and without striae. ?M: Malar space index 0.6. Flagellum with 16-17 seg- Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar ments, 1st segment 3.0 times, 2nd segment 2.2 times, area (Fig. 105). Propodeal spiracle separated from the median segments and penultimate segment 1.5 times pleural carina by four times its diameter, spiracular as long as wide. Gastral tergites darker, sometimes carina narrow. 1st gastral tergite 2.7 times as long as completely brownish black, sometimes marked with

87 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de reddish brown medially. In other characters similar 2.9 times as wide as long, slightly rounded and with to the W, but without clear evidence that it belongs to some punctures on a finely granulate background the same species (1M Colesville, Maryland, on Pinus dorsally, almost flat and with some punctures on virginiana Mill., OTT; 4MM Hughesville, Maryland; a smooth background medially and subventrally. AEI; 1M Meadows of Dan, Virginia; AEI). These MM Head granulate, dull, frons with hardly discernible might as well belong to P. punctatus. punctation. Flagellum with 14 segments, slightly clavate, 1st segment 3.3 times, 2nd segment 2.4 times, Taxonomic remark: The types of P. punctatus and median segments 1.6 times, penultimate segment 1.4 P. striatus were collected at the same locality, on times as long as wide (Fig. 110). Pronotum granulate the same day and on the same plant species. The dorsolaterally, with fine striae in the anterior groove. species agree with each other in most characters Mesoscutum and scutellum granulate and dull, a (see descriptions, which were independently made very fine punctation hardly discernible. Notaulus from the holotypes). They differ in the number and as a wrinkled furrow, extending to 0.2 the length the proportion of the flagellar segments, the sculp- of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow smooth. ture of the petiolar area of propodeum, the shape Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3. and the length of the ovipositor, and the colour of Mesopleurum with rather dense punctation on a the gaster. finely granulate and shining background on the speculum and in front of and below the speculum (punctation sometimes indistinct), granulate and Phradis sulcator spec. nov. dull without punctures above and below the foveate groove. Foveate groove as a distinct wrinkled Holotype (W): “Florence, Ill, v.22.41, K. H. Townes” (Illi- furrow, almost as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 111). nois, USA) (AEI). – Paratypes (165WW, 107MM): Canada: Mesosternum finely granulate and with fine puncta- Ontario: Belleville (HOR, OTT), Cumberland (AEI), tion. Metapleurum granulate and dull. Hind femur Gracefield (OTT), Hog’s Back (OTT), Innisville (OTT), Ottawa (OTT), Pt. Pelee Nat. Pk. (OTT), Rondeau Prov. 4.1 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws short. Pk. (OTT), Shirleys Bay (AEI), St. Annes (OTT), Vernon Pterostigma 2.2 times as long as wide. Metacarpus (OTT), Wallaceburg (OTT). USA: Illinois: Florence reaching 0.7 the distance from radial cell to the tip (AEI, HOR), Mahonet, Champaign Co. (AEI); Indiana: of wing. Sometimes the intercubitus is slightly basad Cloverdale (AEI), Lafayette (WAS); Iowa: Des Moines of the 2nd recurrent vein. Basal area of propodeum Co. (WAS), Hartford, Warren Co. (OTT), Henry Co. half as long as petiolar area, 1.0-1.5 times as long (OTT), Jefferson Co. (WAS), Johnson Co. (WAS), Lee as wide, with distinct or indistinct lateral carinae, Co. (WAS), Linn Co. (WAS), Mt. Pleasant (WAS), Van covered with predominantly longitudinal wrinkles. Buren Co. (WAS), Washington Co. (WAS); Maryland: Dorsolateral area granulate and dull, with wrinkles Plummers Island (WAS), Riley’s Lock, Montgomery at the edges. Petiolar area 1.7 times as long as wide, Co. (WAH), Williamsville (OTT); Massachusetts: South slightly depressed, granulate and dull, with fine Hadley (AEI); Michigan: Ann Arbor (AEI, NHM), Delhi Huron, Metro Pk. (AEI), Gratiot Co. (LAN), Kalkaska transverse striae medially and posteriorly. Poste- Co. (LAN), Kent Co. (LAN), Midland Co. (LAN), Mis- rior lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar area sankee Co. (LAN), Saginaw Co. (LAN), Sinilac Co. (Fig. 112). Propodeal spiracle separated from the (LAN), Van Buren Co. (LAN); Missouri: Patterson, pleural carina by three times its diameter, spiracular Wayne Co. (WAH), Williamsville, Wayne Co. (AEI); carina narrow or partly widened. 1st gastral tergite New York: Bemus Pt. (AEI), Ithaca (AEI, HOR); Ohio: 3.1 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.6 times as long as New Concord (AEI), Wills Cr. Res. (AEI); Pennsylvania: postpetiole, striate dorsally and laterally, dorsolateral New Cumberland (WAS); South Carolina: Wattacoo, carinae distinct. Postpetiole 1.2 times as long as wide, Pickens Co. (AEI); Virginia: Annandale, Fairfax Co. granulate-strigose or with fine striae anteriorly and (WAH), Arlington (WAS), Falls Church (CAM), Shenen- medially, smooth posteriorly. 1st sternite surpass- doa Nat. Pk., Page Co. (AEI); Wisconsin: Middleton, ing the spiracles (Fig. 113). 2nd tergite 1.5 times as Dane Co. (AEI). Flight period: iv-vii, with a distinct peak in v. long as wide. Thyridium elongate, distant from the anterior edge of the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression W: Body length 3 mm. Temples strongly constricted narrow, about twice as long as wide (Fig. 114). behind the eyes, 0.6 times as long as the width of an Gaster compressed posteriorly. Ovipositor 2.0 times, eye, tangential lines on eyes and temples intersect on ovipositor sheath 1.25 times as long as 1st gastral the posterior half of the mesoscutum (Fig. 109). Head tergite. Ovipositor slender, slightly bent upwards 1.25 times as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.7. Malar proximally and medially, moderately bent upwards space index 0.55. Glossa half as long as the width of distally, with a shallow rounded dorsal depression clypeus. Mandibular teeth about equal or upper tooth subapically, its tip evenly tapered (Fig. 115). slightly the longer. Clypeus 0.8 times as long as face, Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth brown),

110

109 113

112 114 111 115 Figs 109-115. Phradis sulcator spec. nov. (W). 109. Head, top view. 110. Antenna. 111. Mesopleurum. 112. Propo- deum, top view. 113. 1st gastral segment, side view. 114. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 115. Ovipositor, side view. median and ventral parts of clypeus, scape, pedicel- ples intersect on the propodeum (Fig. 116). Head lus, four proximal segments of flagellum, tegula and 1.2 times as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.4. Malar legs yellowish red. Flagellum dark brown distally. space index 0.7. Glossa 0.4 times as long as the width Pterostigma light brown. Gastral tergites from the 2nd of clypeus. Mandibular teeth about equal. Clypeus tergite onwards dark brown or blackish, 2nd tergite 0.7 times as long as face, 3.8 times as wide as long, tinged with reddish brown posteriorly, the following slightly rounded, finely sculptured dorsally, smooth tergites tinged with reddish brown laterally. subventrally. Face and frons finely granulate and with fine dense punctation. Face with conspicuous M: Malar space index 0.3. Flagellum with 18-20 seg- dense and long white pilosity ventrally. Vertex and ments, slightly attenuated, 1st segment 3.3 times, 2nd temple with distinct rather dense or dense punctation segment 2.3 times, median segments and penultimate on a very finely granulate or smooth background, segment 1.7 times as long as wide. In other characters shining. Flagellum with 16 segments, almost filiform, similar to the W. WW and MM were often collected at 1st segment 2.3 times, 2nd segment 2.1 times, median the same localities. segments 1.3 times, penultimate segment 1.1 times Variation: In 1W (not included in the type series) the as long as wide (Fig. 117). Pronotum finely granulate temple is finely granulate and distinctly shining (Pt. and with fine rather dense punctation dorsolaterally, Pelee Nat. Pk., Ontario; OTT). Other differences from with short striae in the anterior groove. Mesoscutum the nominate form could not be found. and scutellum with fine rather dense punctation on a finely granulate or smooth background. Notaulus Taxonomic remark: P. sulcator is similar to the as an indistinct furrow, extending to 0.15 the length Palearctic species P. thyridialis Horstmann. The of the mesoscutum. Prescutellar furrow smooth. latter differs by: Ocellar index 2.0. Foveate groove Scutellum bordered by carinae on the anterior 0.3. 0.3 times as long as mesopleurum. Mesopleurum Mesopleurum finely granulate and with distinct without punctation on the speculum and in front of rather dense or dense punctation, partly rugose- and below the speculum. Thyridial depression about punctate, speculum with a small smooth area. Fove- as long as wide. Ovipositor 2.4 times, ovipositor ate groove as a slightly depressed wrinkled furrow, st sheath 1.6 times as long as 1 gastral tergite. Hind about 0.3 times as long as mesopleurum (Fig. 118). coxa brown. Mesosternum finely granulate and with fine dispersed punctation. Metapleurum finely granulate and finely rugose-punctate. Hind femur 4.0 times as Phradis tenuicauda spec. nov. long as high. Hind tarsal claws short. Pterostigma 2.1 times as long as wide. Metacarpus reaching 0.6 Holotype (W): “Idaho City, Ida., June 9, 1978, H. & M. the distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal Townes” (Idaho, USA) (AEI). area of propodeum 0.5 times as long as petiolar area, W: Body length 3 mm. Temples moderately con- about as long as wide, with indistinct lateral carinae, stricted behind the eyes, 0.7 times as long as the covered with wrinkles. Dorsolateral area shining and width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and tem- with a few fine punctures on a smooth background

117

116 120

119

121 118 122 Figs 116-122. Phradis tenuicauda spec. nov. (W). 116. Head, top view. 117. Antenna. 118. Mesopleurum. 119. Pro- podeum, top view. 120. 1st gastral segment, side view. 121. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 122. Ovipositor, side view. anteriorly, with fine wrinkles and rugose-punctate Phradis texanus spec. nov. laterally and posteriorly. Petiolar area 1.4 times as long as wide, flat, with transverse striae on an almost Holotype (W): “TEXAS: Bastrop Co., Bastrop State smooth background. Posterior lateral area small, Park, IV-12-17-1991, Wharton & Geiselbrecht, Malaise half as long as petiolar area (Fig. 119). Propodeal trap” (TEX). spiracle separated from the pleural carina by three W: Body length 4.5 mm. Temples distinctly con- times its diameter, spiracular carina partly narrow, stricted behind the eyes, 0.65 times as long as st partly widened. 1 gastral tergite 3.1 times as long the width of an eye, tangential lines on eyes and as wide. Petiole twice as long as postpetiole, smooth temples intersect on the scutellum (Fig. 123). Head dorsally, with very indistinct dorsolateral carinae, 1.2 times as wide as high. Ocellar index 1.5. Malar partly smooth and with a few fine striae laterally. space index 0.75. Glossa half as long as the width Postpetiole 1.1 times as long as wide, smooth, with a of clypeus. Upper mandibular tooth slightly the st shallow depression medially. 1 sternite surpassing longer. Clypeus 0.7 times as long as face, 2.5 times nd the spiracles (Fig. 120). 2 tergite as long as wide. as wide as long, slightly rounded, finely granulate Thyridium almost circular, close to the anterior and with fine dispersed punctation dorsally, smooth nd edge of the 2 tergite, thyridial depression about as medially and subventrally. Face granulate, central long as wide (Fig. 121). Gaster clavate-compressed swelling finely granulate and with fine punctation. posteriorly. Ovipositor 1.3 times, ovipositor sheath Frons and vertex finely granulate and with very fine st 0.7 times as long as 1 gastral tergite. Ovipositor dispersed punctation. Temple with fine dispersed very slender, almost not bent upwards proximally, punctation on a very finely granulate or smooth slightly bent upwards distally, attenuated distally, background, shining. Flagellum with 17 segments, without a dorsal depression or incision subapically filiform, 1st segment 2.9 times, 2nd segment 2.4 times, (Fig. 122). median segments and penultimate segment 1.3 times Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth brown), as long as wide (Fig. 124). Pronotum granulate and median and ventral parts of clypeus, scape, pedicel- dull dorsolaterally, with fine striae in the anterior lus, tegula and legs yellowish red. Flagellum light groove. Mesoscutum and scutellum finely granulate reddish brown proximally, dark brown distally. Mid and with fine dispersed punctation. Notaulus as a coxa brown basally, hind coxa almost completely distinct wrinkled furrow, with a carina at its inner brown. Pterostigma dark brown. Gastral tergites side, extending to 0.2 the length of the mesoscutum. nd from the 2 tergite onwards brownish black, the Prescutellar furrow smooth. Scutellum bordered tergites tinged with brown posteriorly. by carinae on the anterior 0.4. Mesopleurum finely M unknown. granulate and with fine dispersed or rather dense punctation, slightly shining. Foveate groove as a distinctly depressed wrinkled furrow, 0.8 times as

124

123

128 126 125

127 129 Figs 123-129. Phradis texanus spec. nov. (W). 123. Head, top view. 124. Antenna. 125. Mesopleurum. 126. Propo- deum, top view. 127. 1st gastral segment, side view. 128. 2nd gastral tergite, top view. 129. Ovipositor, side view. long as mesopleurum (Fig. 125). Mesosternum with moderately bent upwards distally, with a shallow fine dispersed punctation on a very finely granulate rounded dorsal depression subapically, its tip evenly background. Metapleurum granulate, with fine tapered (Fig. 129). punctures and fine wrinkles, rather dull. Hind femur Colour: Black. Palpi, mandible (teeth dark 3.9 times as long as high. Hind tarsal claws slender, brown), scape, pedicellus, proximal half of flagel- slightly longer than empodium. Pterostigma 2.4 lum, tegula and legs yellowish red. Clypeus reddish times as long as wide. Metacarpus reaching 0.7 the brown medially and ventrally. Flagellum dark brown distance from radial cell to the tip of wing. Basal area distally. Pterostigma brownish black. Gastral tergites of propodeum 0.25 times as long as petiolar area, from the 2nd tergite onwards brownish black, the broader than long, without lateral carinae, covered tergites tinged with reddish brown posteriorly and with irregular wrinkles. Dorsolateral area granulate laterally (2nd tergite almost completely dark reddish and with fine irregular wrinkles. Petiolar area 1.8 brown). times as long as wide, distinctly depressed, almost M unknown. pointed anteriorly, granulate and dull, granulate- strigose and with fine transverse striae posteriorly. Posterior lateral area 0.7 times as long as petiolar References area (Fig. 126). Propodeal spiracle rather large, separated from the pleural carina by three times Gauld, I. D. 1984. An introduction to the Ichneumoni- st its diameter, spiracular carina narrow. 1 gastral dae of Australia. 413 pp., London (British Museum tergite 3.7 times as long as wide. Petiole 1.7 times as (Natural History)). long as postpetiole, with striae dorsally, an anterior Horstmann, K. 1971. Revision der europäischen Tersilo- area smooth, with dorsolateral carinae, with few chinen (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Teil I. Ver- fine striae laterally. Postpetiole 1.4 times as long as öffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung wide, with striae anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. 1st München 15: 45-138. sternite slightly surpassing the spiracles (Fig. 127). – – 1981. Revision der europäischen Tersilochinae II 2nd tergite 1.5 times as long as wide. Thyridium (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Spixiana Suppl. 4 oval, somewhat distant from the anterior edge of (1980): 1-76. the 2nd tergite, thyridial depression 1.5 times as long – – 2010. Revisions of Nearctic Tersilochinae II. Genera Allophrys Förster, Barycnemis Förster, Ctenophion as wide (Fig. 128). Gaster compressed posteriorly. gen. nov., Sathropterus Förster, Spinolochus Horst- Ovipositor 1.8 times, ovipositor sheath 1.1 times as mann and Stethantyx Townes (Hymenoptera, Ich- st long as 1 gastral tergite. Ovipositor rather slender, neumonidae). Spixiana 33: 73-109. slightly bent upwards proximally and medially,

Khalaim, A. I. 2002. A new species of the genus Phradis Townes, H. 1969. The genera of Ichneumonidae, part 1. Förster, 1869 from the USA (Hymenoptera: Ichneu- Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute monidae: Tersilochinae). Russian Entomological 11: II + 300 pp. Journal 11: 221-222. – – 1971. The genera of Ichneumonidae, part 4. Mem- – – , Bordera, S. & Rodriguez-Berrio, A. 2009. A review oirs of the American Entomological Institute 17: of the European species of Phradis (Hymenoptera: III + 372 pp. Ichneumonidae: Tersilochinae), with a description of a new species from Spain. European Journal of Entomology 106: 107-118.