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Conservation Area Character Appraisal Stirling Town and Royal

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Conservation Area Character Appraisal Stirling Town and Royal Conservation Area Character Appraisal Stirling Town and Royal Park Stirling Council Local Development Plan Supplementary Guidance SG07 Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – June 2014 June 2014 Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – June 2014 ii Cover: The Athenaeum at the head of King Street Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – June 2014 iii Contents 1.0 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................…..1 1.2 Methodology................................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Copyright ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Summary of Significance………………………………………………………………………………. 4 3.0 Location and Population ……………………………………………………………………………...9 3.1 Location........................................................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Population .................................................................................................................................. 11 4.0 Historic Context ……………………………………………………………………………………...12 4.1 Origins and Development........................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Archaeological Significance and Potential ................................................................................. 23 5.0 Character and Appearance ……………………………………………………………………………25 5.1 Setting ........................................................................................................................................ 27 5.2 Character Areas ......................................................................................................................... 41 5.3 Buildings and Townscape .......................................................................................................... 51 5.4 Open Spaces, Trees and Landscaping...................................................................................... 75 5.5 Public Realm .............................................................................................................................. 79 6.0 Conservation Area Management …………………………………………………………………..81 6.1 Negative Factors ........................................................................................................................ 81 6.2 Summary of Vulnerability ........................................................................................................... 87 6.3 Buildings at Risk and Sensitive Areas........................................................................................ 88 6.4 Conservation Area Boundaries .................................................................................................. 88 6.5 Potential Listed Buildings ........................................................................................................... 92 6.6 Opportunities for Development .................................................................................................. 93 6.7 Opportunities for Planning Action............................................................................................... 93 6.8 Opportunities for Enhancement ................................................................................................. 94 6.9 Monitoring and Review............................................................................................................... 96 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………………………….97 Appendices ……………………………………………………………………………………………….98 Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – June 2014 iv Tables Table 1: Conservation Area: Key Characteristics .................................................................................. 8 Table 2: Conservation Area: Buildings & Townscape: Old Town Sector (1)........................................ 61 Table 3: Conservation Area: Buildings & Townscape: Commercial Sector (1).................................... 67 Table 4: Conservation Area: Buildings & Townscape: Town House Sector (1)................................... 71 Table 5: Conservation Area: Open Space, Trees and Landscaping.................................................... 76 Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – June 2014 v 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background The purpose of this document is to provide an illustrated appraisal of the Stirling Town and Royal Park Conservation Area following national legislation and governmental guidelines (refer bibliography). First introduced in 1967, conservation areas are defined in Section 61(1) (a) of The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997 as: “…areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance.” More specifically, Historic Scotland’s Scottish Historic Environment Policy Annex 3 (2009) stipulates that: “It is the character or historic interest of an area created by individual buildings and open spaces and their relationship one with the other which the legislation covering conservation areas seeks to preserve.” Under Section 63 (1) of the 1997 Act, local authorities are required to “formulate and publish from time to time proposals for the preservation and enhancement of any parts of their district which are conservation areas.” Furthermore, the Scottish Government’s policy Scottish Planning Policy (SSP, Para. 115, 2010) states that designation provides the basis for the positive management of an area. In order to carry out the proper preservation and enhancement of the conservation area it is necessary to first have a full and detailed understanding of all the factors which contribute to the special character and interest of the area. This is the objective of the Conservation Area Appraisal. In accordance with Planning Advice Note: Conservation Area Management (PAN 71, 2005), the appraisal is a vital tool to enable the active management of the conservation area and aims to: Identify factors and features which create the special interest of the conservation area; Review and justify the boundaries of the conservation area; Provide a basis for developing & implementing a conservation area management strategy; Identify opportunities and priorities for enhancement; Assist policy formulation and inform development plans; Inform Development Control to ensure consistent decision making; Form supplementary guidance in the protection and enhancement of the conservation area. Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – Revised by Stirling Council August 2012 1 In turn this will: Enable Stirling Council to fulfil its statutory duty to preserve and enhance its conservation areas; Increase public awareness on the special needs and characteristics of their area; Assist owners and developers identify and formulate their development proposals; Form supporting documentation for any future funding bids. 1.2 Methodology The appraisal has been prepared by Sonya Linskaill RIAS RIBA, on behalf of Stirling Council’s Planning Department. Research was undertaken in March and June 2011. The appraisal reviews and updates the approved Character Appraisal for Stirling Town Conservation Area produced by Stirling Council in January 1999. The following Stirling Council personnel were consulted: Peter Morgan: Chief Planner Catherine Malley: Planning Officer (Conservation) Fionn McIntosh: Planning Officer (Conservation) Dorothy Irvine: Planning Officer Minor revisions to update this document were made by Stirling Council in August 2012 and May 2014. 1.3 Copyright The appraisal is the property of Stirling Council. All Ordnance Survey maps in the document are Crown copyright and reproduced under Stirling Council licence ref 1000020780 (2011). Historic maps marked © NLS are reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. Roy’s map is reproduced with the permission of the British Library Board. No map in this document should be reproduced without the right holder’s permission. Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – Revised by Stirling Council August 2012 2 Stirling Town and Royal Park Conservation Area A B C D E F G H Fig 1A: Stirling Castle on the Castle Rock; B: Mar’ Wark; C: the Church of the Holy Rude; D: Darrow’s Lodging; E: 1950s redevelopment on Baker Street; F: terraced town houses on Queen Street; G: Victorian buildings on King Street; H: late Georgian reconstruction on Port Street & King Street. Stirling Town Conservation Area Appraisal – Revised by Stirling Council August 2012 3 2.0 Summary of Significance Stirling Town and Royal Park Conservation Area encompasses the hugely important historic core of the modern City of Stirling. It can be defined and explained through three related subjects: 1. Strategic location Regional geography accounts for the origin and development of Stirling Town. The defensive hilltop setting (the Castle Rock), the strategic location on the lowest bridging point of the River Forth, and the position between the remote Highlands and agricultural Lowlands of Scotland have ensured continued prosperity for the ancient settlement. 2. Historic development Stirling is perhaps one of Scotland’s most historic burghs, receiving its Royal Charter from David I in the early 12th century. The medieval town developed in the lee of the castle, descending
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