Speiler' s Law Relating to Hospitals Speiler' s Law Relating to Hospitals

Seventh edition

John Finch Senior Lecturer in Law, Leicester University Formerly member of the Mental Health Act Commission for England and Wales

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Firstedition 1947 by H.K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. Subsequent editions 1949, 1956, 1965, 1971 and 1978 Seventh edition 1994 © 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall1994 Softcoverreprint of the hardcover 7th edition 1994 Typeset in 10/12pt Palatino by Photoprint, Torquay, Devon

ISBN 978-0-412-41000-0 ISBN 978-1-4899-7122-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-7122-7 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designsand Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available

@J Printed on permanent acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with the proposed ANSIINISO Z 39.48-1992 and ANSI Z 39.48-1984 Contents

Preface xxviii Acknowledgements XXX Specialist consultants xxxi Table of cases xxxii Table of statutes Table of statutory instruments and rules lxvi

1 Hospitals: definition and classification 1 1.1 Definition of 'hospital' 1 1.1.1 General 1 1.1.2 National Health Service 2 1.2 Voluntary and public authority hospitals 4 1.2.1 Voluntary hospitals 4 1.2.2 Public authority hospitals 6 1.3 Functional classification of hospitals 6 1.3.1 General and special hospitals 6 1.3.2 Specialist and general practitioner staffed hospitals 7 1.3.3 Changes in use of hospitals: voluntary hospitals 7 1.3.4 Closure or change of use of National Health Service buildings and facilities 10 1.4 State hospitals 11 1.5 Provisions affecting the psychiatric special hospitals 13

2 Hospitals managed under the National Health Service Act 1977 18 2.1 Outline of the legislative structure of hospitals within the National Health Service 18 2.1.1 Introductory 18 2.1.2 The constitutional position of health authorities 21 2.1.3 Effect of the National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973 21 2.2 Executive bodies 21 2.2.1 Regional Health Authorities 21 Introductory 21 Admission of press and public to meetings 22 vi Contents

Fundions of Regional Health Authorities 24 Wales 24 2.2.2 District Health Authorities 24 Introductory 24 Determination of Districts 24 Establishment of District Health Authorities 25 2.2.3 Functions of Regions and Districts 25 2.3 Relations of health authorities with other statutory bodies under the National Health Service Act 1977 29 2.3.1 Central administration 29 2.3.2 Clinical Standards Advisory Group 31 2.3.3 Local Advisory Committees 32 Regional Advisory Committees: recognition and functions 32 Duties of Advisory Committees: obligation of Regional Health Authority 32 Welsh Advisory Committees: recognition and functions 32 Expenses of Advisory Committees 33 District Advisory Committees: recognition and functions 33 2.4 Co-operation and assistance between health authorities, local authorities and voluntary bodies 33 2.4.1 Local authorities and voluntary bodies 33 Health authorities and local authorities: establishment of consultative committees 33 Supply of goods and services by or on behalf of the Secretary of State 34 Supply of goods and materials to persons providing general medical, dental, ophthalmic or pharmaceutical services 35 Supply of goods and services by local authorities 35 2.4.2 Voluntary organisations and other bodies 36 Provision of services under the National Health Service Act 1977 by voluntary and other bodies and persons 36 Provision of facilities (including goods or materials, premises and vehicles) to persons and bodies providing services 36 Power to make payments towards expenditure on community services 37 2.4.3 Ancillary services provided on behalf of the Secretary of State 38 2.4.4 Community Health Councils 38 Performance of functions by Community Health Councils 43 Contents vü

Special provision for urgent closure 44 Limits on the obligation of the health authority to consult other relevant bodies 45 Information to be furnished by relevant District Authority or Family Health Service Authority 45 Inspection of premises by Councils 46 Meetings between the Council and the relevant District Authority 46 Access to information 46 2.5 Internal arrangements 47 2.5.1 Default and emergency powers of the Secretary of State 47 2.5.2 Contracts 47 2.5.3 Conditions of employment and the appointment of officers 48 2.5.4 Protection of members and officers of health authorities and trusts 48 2.5.5 Finance 50 Financial provision for health authorities 50 Travelling allowances for health authority members 50 Travelling expenses of officers 51 Travelling expenses of patients and visitors 51 2.5.6 Health Services Act 1980: fund raising by National Health Service authorities 51 Health and Medicines Act 1988: income generation 51 2.5.7 Motor vehicles used for hospital purposes 52 Registration and licensing 52 Insurance 52 2.5.8 Land 53 2.5.9 The purchaser-provider relationship and the 'internal market' 56 2.6 National Health Service trusts 58 2.6.1 Membership and procedure of National Health Service trusts 59 2.6.2 Constitution and proceedings of National Health Service trusts 63 2.6.3 Duties, powers and status of National Health Service trusts 65 2.6.4 Dissolution of National Health Service trusts 68 2.6.5 Financial and supplementary provisions relating to National Health Servicetrusts 69 2.6.6 Consultation on establishment of National Health Service trusts 69 Vlll Contents

3 Voluntary hospitals 73 3.1 Governing bodies and their powers and duties 73 3.1.1 Chartered hospitals 73 3.1.2 Hospitals incorporated by private Act of Parliament 74 3.1.3 Hospitals incorporated under the Companies Act 75 3.1.4 Unincorporated hospitals 75 3.1.5 Hospitals administered under a scheme established by the Court or the Charity Commissioners 76 3.1.6 Effect of Health Service Acts on voluntary hospitals 77 3.2 Powers of voluntary hospitals 77 3.2.1 Limits of powers of incorporated hospitals 77 Acts in excess of powers 77 Indemnity for Board members 78 3.2.2 Powers of unincorporated hospitals 78 Limits on the powers 78 Indemnity for trustees and committee 79 3.3 Loans and overdrafts 79

4 Nursing homes: registration, conduct and inspection 82 4.1 Registration and conduct of residential care homes 83 4.2 Nursing homes and mental nursing homes 89 4.2.1 Imposition of conditions on nursing home registration 95 4.2.2 Urgent procedure for cancellation of registration 96 4.3 lnspection of homes 97 4.4 Registered Hornes Tribunals 98 4.4.1 Constitution and functions 98 4.4.2 Limitation on the power of the Registered Hornes Tribunal 99 4.5 Offences 100 4.6 Nursing Hornes and Mental Nursing Hornes Regulations 1984 101

5 Legal proceedings against health authorities and trusts 107 5.1 Vicarious liability 107 5.1.1 Employee distinguished from independent contractor 107 5.1.2 The course of employment 108 5.1.3 Vicarious and direct liability distinguished 109 5.1.4 Health authority staff as employees 110 5.1.5 Financial aspects of liability: National Health Service indemnity arrangements 113 Who is covered by the health authority indemnity scheme? 116 Contents IX

5.1.6 Other relationships involving care and treatment 117 Liability of negligent employee to indemnify his employer 120 Vicarious liability of nursing harne proprietor 121 Vicarious liability when hospital services are provided for the Secretary of State under contractual arrangements 122 Vicarious liability of agency supplying nurse to hospital 123 5.1. 7 Personal liability of members of governing body or proprietors 123 5.1.8 Addition of defendants 124 5.2 Limitation of actions 125 5.2.1 Generally 125 5.2.2 The 'date of knowledge' period 126 More than one injury 128 Misleading medical advice 128 5.2.3 Extension of the Iimitation period: persans 'under a disability' 129 5.2.4 Discretionary exclusion of time limits 130 5.2.5 Fraud of the potential defendant 131 5.2.6 Timelimit for claiming contribution between joint tortfeasors 132 5.2. 7 Limitation periods and retention of records 132 5.3 Access to records, reports, notes and data 134 5.3.1 Access to medical records prior to the commencement of legal proceedings 135 'Likely to be a party to subsequent proceedings' 135 The claim must be 'in respect of personal injury or death' 137 What documents are covered by the section? 138 Legal professional privilege 139 To whom may disclosure be ordered? 140 In what circumstances will an order for pre-action discovery be restricted to the applicant' s professional advisers? 141 Order for discovery in an action for personal injuries made against persans not themselves parties 141 Production and protection of property relevant to actual or intended civil proceedings 142 Charging for the supply of information relating to legal proceedings 143 Public interest immunity 144 The health authority's response 144 5.3.2 Department's guidance on voluntary disclosure 145 X Contents

6 Injury to the patient 148 6.1 Introductory 148 6.2 Criminalliability for injury 149 6.2.1 Introduction 149 6.2.2 Manslaughter and failure of care: liability of others 152 6.3 Claims for damages arising from alleged negligence 153 6.3.1 Statutory duty to provide health services, and individual legal action 153 6.3.2 Personalliability for negligence: breach of duty 155 Personal responsibility of medical practitioners and of others 156 The significance of expert evidence 157 Extent of medical practitioner' s duty to keep up to date 159 Duty of practitioner where there is more than one school of thought on the treatment to be given 162 The effect of Bolamin practice 164 Failure to observe ordinary precautions 165 Res ipsa loquitur: 'the matter speaks for itself' 166 Risk of injury to patient due to infirmity or disability of staff 170 Failure of communication 173 Failure of communication by hospital staff and negligent treatment by general practitioner 175 Fallure to communicate warning 177 Fallure to protect patient from harm (including self-harm) 179 Emergency treatment given in the absence of normal facilities or qualified staff 180 Casualty officer: negligent failure to see and examine patient 181 Acting reasonably under instructions 182 Liability of medical staff senior to house officer, acting on instructions or advice of a consultant 183 Medical practitioners in the hospital hierarchy: extent of liability 183 The legal effect of inexperience 187 6.3.3 lnjuries to unbom children 188 Common law 188 Legislation 189 Effect of the legislation for health services 191 6.3.4 Negligent abortion or Sterilisation: claim for birth and upbringing of child 192 6.3.5 Causation 195 Loss of the chance of a better medical result? 197 Contents XI

6.3.6 The Ievel and heads of damages 198 6.3.7 Contributory negligence 199

7 Consent to medical and associated treatment 202 7.1 Introductory 202 7.2 Patients of full age and understanding 203 7.2.1 General principles 203 7.2.2 Potential restrictions on consent 204 7.2.3 The nature of the required explanation 208 Duty to inform patient of risks in treatment: the modern law 214 Information and the doctor-patient relationship 221 Protecting the consenting patient 222 Negligence and battery 222 7.2.4 Consent forms 223 7.2.5 Removal of male organs and fashioning of artificial vagina 231 7.2.6 Hypnotism 232 7.2.7 Breath tests and samples of blood and urine under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 232 7.2.8 Accident cases and other emergency patients: views of relatives 235 7.2. 9 Objection to blood transfusion 236 7.3 Minors 241 7.3.1 Minors who have reached 16 242 7.3.2 Minors who have not reached 16 244 Child under 16 years: refusal of parental consent 246 Medical and surgical treatment of disabled neonates 250 Child under 16 years of age: operation or other treatmentnot immediately necessary 255 Provision of contraception: whether to involve parent 257 7.3.3 Child assessment order: refusal of examination 259 7.3.4 Blood test on child for purpose of matrimonial proceedings in which paternity of child questioned 259 7.4 Married persans 260 7.4.1 Married women: operative treatment on medical grounds 260 Position if patient refuses to allow advice to terminale pregnancy to be discussed with her husband: confidentiality 261 Married persons: operations on generative organs 263 xii Contents

7.5 Mentally disordered persons 263 7.6 What may be done if the patient is incapable of consent? 268 7.6.1 Withdrawal of treatment from an incompetent adult 274 7.7 Use of patients for clinical teaching, or as controls, or otherwise for research, or as donors of organs 275 7.7.1 Use of patients for clinical teaching 275 7.7.2 Use of patients as controls, or otherwise for research, or as donors of organs 279 7.8 Responsibility in investigations on human subjects: statement by the Medical Research Council in its Annual Report for 1962--63 283 7.8.1 Clinical trials 289

8 Complaints in the National Health Service 291 8.1 Hospital Complaints Procedure Act 1985 291 8.2 Complaints and inquiries in psychiatric hospitals 301 8.3 Formal inquiries · 301 8.4 The Health Service Commissioner 302 8.4.1 Introductory 302 8.4.2 Matters subject to investigation 303 8.4.3 Matters in respect of which a person aggrieved has or had some other right or remedy 303 8.4.4 Matters expressly excluded from investigation by Commissioner 304 8.4.5 Fallure in treatment of patient 305 8.4.6 Handling clinical and non-clinical complaints 307 8.4.7 Who may make a complaint? 308 Prior opportunity for investigation by relevant body 310 Complaints tobe in writing within one year, with discretion to investigate complaints out of time 311 Reference to Commissioner by a relevant body of complaint made to it 312 8.4.8 Procedure, evidence, obstruction and contempt; secrecy of information 312

9 Liability for premises 316 9.1 Introductory 316 9.2 Injuries to persons lawfully on hospital premises 316 9.2.1 Occupiers and visitors 316 9.2.2 Extent of occupier's ordinary duty 317 Common duty of care 317 Effect of contract on occupier' s liability to third party 321 Implied terms in contracts 322 Contents xiii

9.2.3 Landlord' s liability 322 9.2.4 W aming notices and signs excluding liability 323 9.2.5 Personal liability of staff for accidents on premises 324 9.3 Duty of occupier of premises to trespassers 324 9.3.1 Common law 324 9.3.2 Occupiers' Liability Act 1984 326 9.4 N uisance, etc. 328 9.4.1 Private nuisance 328 9.4.2 Public nuisance 329 9.4.3 The Clean Air Acts 330 9.4.4 Fire Precautions Act 1971 331

10 Patients' property: loss or darnage 332 10.1 Whether goods deposited 332 10.2 Disclaimer of liability 332 10.3 Voluntary hospitals and nursing homes 334 10.4 Deposit of valuables: formalities 335 10.5 Handing over patient' s property to third party 335 10.6 Property of deceased patients 336 10.7 Property left in hospital 337 10.8 Property found on hospital premises 338 10.9 Protedion of property of persons taken to hospital or local authority home etc. 338

11 Visitors who refuse to leave 341

12 Search and arrest of suspected persons 343 12.1 Powers of search 343 12.1.1 Search of the person 343 12.2 Mentally disordered patients 345 12.2.1 Police powers to conduct intimate body search 345 12.2.2 Search of quarters 346 12.2.3 Search of staff lockers 347 12.2.4 Search of patient' s lockers etc. 347 12.3 Arrest 347 12.3.1 Arrest during the commission of an offence 347 12.3.2 Arrest after the commission of an offence 348 12.4 Liability for wrongful search and arrest 348

13 Data protection 350 13.1 To what does the Act apply? 350 13.1.1 Data 350 13.1.2 Processing 351 13.1.3 Personal data 351 13.2 Who is affected by the Act? 351 XlV Contents

13.2.1 Data users 351 13.2.2 A person who carries on a computer bureau 352 13.2.3 Data subjects 353 13.3 Exempt data 353 13.3.1 Data 'held' for payroll, pension and account purposes 353 13.3.2 Data concerned solely with the distribution of artides or information 354 13.3.3 The effect of the exemptions 354 13.4 Registration 355 13.4.1 Who must register? 355 13.4.2 Applications for registration 355 13.4.3 Acceptance or refusal of application 355 13.4.4 Rights of appeal 356 13.4.5 Renewalofregistration 356 13.5 The data protection principles 356 13.6 Non-disdosure exemptions 360 13.6.1 National security 360 13.6.2 Crime and taxation 361 13.6.3 Disdosure required by law 361 13.6.4 Disdosure in order to obtain legal advice 361 13.6.5 Disdosure to or at the request of the data subject 361 13.6.6 Disdosures to employees or agents 362 13.6.7 Emergency disdosures 362 13.6.8 Consequences of breaching the Data Protection Principles 363 Enforcement notices 363 De-registration notices 363 13.7 Rights of data subjects 363 13.7.1 Access to personal data 364 Safeguards and exemptions 365 13.7.2 Compensation for inaccuracy 368 13.7.3 Compensation for unauthorised loss or disdosure 369 13.7.4 Rectification and erasure 370

14 Access to medical records and reports 373 14.1 Access to medical records 373 14.1.1 The essential definitions 373 14.1.2 Who may apply for access? 374 14.1.3 How to make the application 375 14.1.4 The health service body' s responsibilities 375 14.1.5 Safeguards and exemptions 376 14.1.6 Correction of inaccurate health records 377 14.1.7 Charges for granting access 377 14.1.8 Enforcement 377 Contents XV

14.2 Access to medical reports 378 14.2.1 Dealing with applications for access 378 14.2.2 Exceptions to the disdosure duty 379 14.2.3 Charges 379 14.2.4 Enforcement ofthelegal obligation 380

15 Medical records: ownership and preservation 382 15.1 Ownership of medical records 382 15.1.1 General ward and amenity patients in National Health Service hospitals 382 15.1.2 Private patients in National Health Service hospitals 383 15.1.3 Patients in voluntary hospitals 384 15.1.4 Patients in nursing homes 384 15.2 Radiologists' reports, X-ray films and prints 384 15.3 Public Records Act 1958 385

16 Professional confidence 390 16.1 Introductory: nature of obligation of professional confidence 390 16.2 Hospital authorities and their staff 392 16.3 Infectious diseases 392 16.3.1 Information to District Medical Officer 392 16.3.2 Other disdosures 393 16.4 Disdosure under compulsion of law 394 16.4.1 Generally 394 16.4.2 Duty to give information to a police officer in road traffic cases 397 16.5 Justifiable disdosure 399 16.5.1 Generally 399 16.5.2 Alternativecourses to agreement to disdosure 403 16.6 Relay to parents of information concerning a minor 405 16.7 Disdosure of information concerning the patient's will; disposal of will 406 16.8 Confidentiality of information relating to AIDS 406 16.9 Voluntary revelation by examining psychiatrist of perceived danger to public by mental patient 408 16.10 Unjustifiable disdosure 411

17 Employment law 417 17.1 The contract of employment 417 17.1.1 Introductory 417 17.1.2 Employee and independent contractor: the question of status 417 17.1.3 More than one employer 420 17.1.4 Temporary employees 421 xvi Contents

17.1.5 Part-time employees 421 17.1.6 Traineesand learners 421 17.1.7 'Employee' distinguished from 'worker' 422 17.1.8 Employment and status 422 17.1.9 The contract of employment 424 Work rules 424 Written particulars of employment 425 Time off work for recognised activities 427 Termination of the contract of employment 429 Suspension from employment 432 17.2 Unfair dismissal 432 17.2.1 Rules and principles 432 17.2.2 Constructive dismissal 435 17.2.3 Reasons for dismissal 435 17.2.4 Potentially fair reasons for dismissal 436 17.2.5 Automatically unfair reasons for dismissal 438 17.2.6 Status and unfair dismissal 442 17.2.7 Employment and status: the question of judicial review 443 17.2.8 Remedies for unfair dismissal 446 17.2.9 Transfer of undertakings 448 17.2.10 Continuity of employment and transfer of staff to National Health Service trusts 448 17.3 Unfair discrimination 451 17.3.1 Varieties of discrimination 451 17.3.2 Sex discrimination 452 17.3.3 Exceptions to unlawful discrimination 453 17.3.4 Enforcement 454 17.3.5 Race and health services 454 17.3.6 Equal pay 456 17.4 Redundancy 459 17.4.1 The concept 459 17.4.2 Conditions for redundancy payment 460 17.4.3 Compensation 461 17.5 National Health Service employment conditions 461 17.5.1 Health service employment conditions 461 17.5.2 Conditions not in accordance with National Health Service Regulations 463 17.5.3 Gifts to officers on retirement or otherwise; superannuation payments, or supplementary superannuation payments, by employers 464 Gifts to or for the benefit of serving officers 464 Retirement gift and payments in the nature of superannuation 466 Contents xvu

17.5.4 Qualifications for employment prescribed by Regulations under the National Health Service Act 1977 467 17.5.5 Appointments in excess of authorised establishment 468 17.5.6 Student nurse and pupil nurse training agreements 469 17.5.7 Contracts of employment of persons in special hospitals 469 17.5.8 Contracts of employment outside the National Health Service 470 17.6 Payments and deductions 470 17.6.1 Payment of wages 470 17.6.2 Miscalculations and remunerationnot in accordance with the National Health Service (Remuneration and Conditions of Service) Regulations 1991 471 Consequences of overpayment 473 17.7 Contracts of consultants and other hospital medical and dental staff 475 17.7.1 Consultants' contracts and job plans: management of the consultant' s contract of employment 478 17.7.2 Juniorhospital medical and dental staff 482 17.8 Termination of the contracts of hospital medical and dental staff 483 17.9 Disciplinary proceedings in cases relating to hospital medical and dental staff 485 17.9.1 Cases involving professional conduct and professional competence 486 17.9.2 Professionalreview machinery 489 17.9.3 Intermediate procedure 490 17.10 The Whitley Councils for the health services 490 17.10.1 The Whitley Councils 490 Scope of each Council 491 17.10.2 Legal status of Whitley terms and conditions 492 17.10.3 Joint consultation machinery 492 17.10.4 Selected terms and conditions from the Whitley Council' s General Handbook 492 17.11 Procedure for settling disputes relating to conditions of service 498 17.11.1 The disputes procedure 498 17.11.2 Machinery for the resolution of otherwise unresolved disputes 503 17.12 Disciplinary procedures 504 XV111 Contents

17.13 National Health Service redundaney payments 507 17.13.1 Partieular arrangements 507 17.13.2 Eligibility and aeeess to the eourts 513

18 Nurses agencies 516 18.1 Nurses Agencies Act 1957 516 18.1.1 Conduct of agencies 516 18.1.2 Lieensing of agencies 517 Refusal or revoeation of lieenee 518 Appeals against refusal or revoeation of lieenee or eonditions imposed 518 18.1.3 Enforeement of rules as to the eonduct and lieensing of agencies 518 18.1.4 Exemptions 519

19 Professional qualifications 521 19.1 Medical practitioners 521 19.1.1 Registration of medieal praetitioners 522 Medieal praetitioners entitled to fully registered status 522 Professional miseonduct and eriminal offenees 526 Privileges of fully registered medieal praetitioners 530 Provisional registration 531 Limited registration of persons by virtue of overseas qualifications 532 19.2 Dentists and auxiliary dental workers 534 19.2.1 Dentists 534 19.2.2 Dental auxiliaries 535 Generally 535 Dental hygienists 535 Dental therapists 536 19.3 Pharmacists 537 19.3.1 Evidenee of registration 537 19.3.2 Restrietion on use of eertain titles 537 19.4 Opticians 538 19.4.1 Registration of opticians 538 19.4.2 Restrietions on the testing of sight 538 19.4.3 Restrietions on sale and supply of optieal applianees 538 19.4.4 Penalty for pretending tobe registered 539 19.5 Professions supplementary to medicine 539 19.5.1 Generally 539 19.5.2 Registration of members of the supplementary professions 540 19.5.3 Use of title 540 19.5.4 Approval of eourses, qualifieations and institutions 541 Contents xix

19.6 Nurses, midwives and health visitors 541 19.6.1 Registration 541 General provisions 541 Admission to the Register 542 Qualifications having Community equivalence for registration purposes 543 Linguistic requirements 546 Visiting EEC nurses and midwives 546 19.6.2 Attendance by unqualified persons at childbirth 547 19.6.3 False claims of professional qualification 547 19.6.4 Removal from, and restoration to, the Register 548

20 Injury at work 550 20.1 Liability for injury to employees 550 20.2 Employer' s liability to provide safe system of work 553 20.3 Liability for breach of statutory duty 561 20.4 Conduct of the employee 561 20.5 Employer' s obligation to insure against personal injury to employees 562 20.6 lnjury incurred or disease contracted at work 563 20.6.1 The state insurance scheme 563 20.6.2 National Health Service injury benefits 565 20.6.3 Siek pay to victims of crimes of violence 566 20.6.4 Criminal injuries compensation 567 20.6.5 Liability for defective products 569 20.7 Particular instances of risk management in health services 575 20.8 Conditions at the place of work 578 20.8.1 Factaries Act 1961 578 General scope and limits of application to hospitals 578 20.8.2 Offices, Shopsand Railway Premises Act 1963 581 20.8.3 Fire Precautions Act 1971 582 20.8.4 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 584 Reporting adverse incidents and reactions, and defective products relating to medical and non- medical equipment and supplies, food, buildings and plant, and medicinal products 585

21 Charitable trusts for the benefit of hospitals 591 21.1 The Charity Commissioners 592 21.1.1 Constitution and general powers 592 21.1.2 Relations generally between the Charity Commissioners and charities: registration 592 21.1.3 The Official Custodian for Charities 593 21.2 Visitors 593 XX Contents

21.3 Charity trustees 593 21.3.1 Who are charity trustees? 593 21.3.2 General duties of trustees 594 21.3.3 Accounts and inquiries 594 21.3.4 Notice of charity meetings 596 21.3.5 Manner of executing instruments 596 21.3.6 Employment of agents 597 21.3.7 Precautions against misapplication of trust funds 597 21.3.8 Application of property cy-pres 598 21.3.9 Gifts to hospitals by will or from a trust fund 600 Gifts by will 601 Discretionary distribution by executors or trustees 603 Charitable Trusts (Validation) Act 1954 605 Insufficiency or excess of funds for health services 606 21.3.10 Dealings with land 606 21.3.11 Investments 607 21.3.12 Payments to trustees and Board members 607 Unincorporated hospitals 608 Incorporated hospitals 608 21.4 Health authorities and trusts as charity trustees 610 21.4.1 Introductory 610 21.4.2 Power of health authorities and trusts to accept gifts 611 21.4.2 Private trusts for hospitals 611 21.4.4 The Hospital Endowments Fund: distribution on winding-up 613 21.4.5 Trust property held by abolished hospital authorities 614 21.4.6 Endowments aquired directly or indirectly under section 7 of the 1956 Act, transferred to new health authorities or to Special Trustees under section 24 of the 1973 Act 615 21.4.7 Trust property formerly held by local health authorities 615 21.4.8 Power of Secretary of State to make further transfers of trust property 616 21.4.9 Trustfundsand trustees for NHS trusts 616 21.4.10 Special Trustees 617 21.4.11 Endowment of beds 617 21.4.12 Endowment of beds for private patients in National Health Servicehospitals 617 21.4.13 Effect on gifts of National Health Service amalgamation 620 Contents xxi

21.4.14 Breaches of trust by health authorities 620 21.4.15 Borrowing powers of health authorities as charity trustees 620 21.5 Voluntary hospitals and nursing homes: endowments of beds for private patients 621 21.5.1 General 621 21.5.2 Endowment of beds for private patients in nursing homes 621

22 Hospital charges 624 22.1 Road traffic cases 624 22.1.1 Emergency treatment 624 22.1.2 Further hospital treatment 625 22.1.3 Persons injured by uninsured cars 626 22.1.4 Charges for treatment of road accident cases apart from the Road Traffic Act 1988 626 22.2 For other than road accident cases within the Road Traffic Act 1988 627 22.2.1 Hospitals administered within the National Health Service 627 Recovery of expenses of maintenance of in- patient engaged in remunerative employment during the day 627 Persons not ordinarily resident in Great Britain 627 Accommodation available on part payment 628 Accommodation and services for private patients 628 Permission for use of facilities in private practice 628 Charges for optical appliances 629 Supply of dentures and other dental appliances 629 Charges for drugs, medicines and appliances 630 Charges for wigs and fabric supports provided by hospitals 631 22.2.2 Voluntary hospitals 631 Extent of power to charge 631 Non-Road Traffic Act accidents and other emergency cases 632 Voluntary Hospitals (Paying Patients) Act 1936 633 22.3 Proceedings for recovery of charges and fees 635 22.3.1 Health authorities and National Service trusts 635 22.3.2 Voluntary hospitals 635 22.3.3 Medical practitioners and dentists 636

23 Taxation of hospitals 637 23.1 Non-domestic rates 637 23.2 Income tax and corporation tax 638 xxii Contents

23.2.1 Liability for tax 638 23.2.2 Bodies to which concessions apply 638 Land and buildings which either belong to hospitals or are vested in trustees of charities for their benefit 639 Dividends, annuities, interest etc. 639 Profits of trade or business 639 Intermediate income on share of residue of estate of deceased person 640 23.3 Capital gains tax 640 23.4 Spirit duty 640 23.5 Stamp duty 641 23.6 Value added tax 641

24 Births and deaths in hospital 647 24.1 Births 647 24.1.1 Registration 647 24.1.2 Notification of births to District Medical Offteer 649 24.4 Deaths 649 24.2.1 Registration 649

25 Organ transplants and disposal of the human body 653 25.1 Human Tissue Act 1961 653 25.1.1 Law and practice in transplantation 655 25.1.2 Establishment of local procedures for identification of potential donors and compliance with the Act 657 25.1.3 Post-mortem declaration 659 25.1.4 Anatomy Regulations 1988 659 25.1.5 Human Tissue Act and the jurisdiction of the coroner 662 25.2 Transplants between live persons 663 25.2.1 Responsibilities of health authorities 663 25.2.2 Unrelated Live Transplant Regulatory Authority (ULTRA) 665 Role of ULTRA 665 Membership 666 25.2.3 Allocation of cadaveric organs procured in National Health 667 25.2.4 Notification by the Registrar to the District Medical Officer of particular deaths registered 668 25.3 Disposal of body 668 25.3.1 Responsibility and expenses 668 25.3.2 Duties of the Registrar 670 Contents xxiii

25.4 Post-martern examinations etc. 670 25.4.1 Generally 670 25.4.2 Coroners' cases 670 25.4.3 Post-martern examination and use of parts of a body of a deceased person under the Human Tissue Act 1961 672 Generally 672 Removal of parts of bodies for medical purposes 672 Coroner must not be obstructed 673 Person lawfully in possession of body 673 Delegation of authority 674 Saving for existing powers 674 Post-martern examinations under the 1961 Act 674 Prohibition on commercial dealings 674 Supply of information relating to organ transplants 674 25.4.4 Anatomical examination under the Anatomy Act 1984 675 25.4.5 Further consideration of the application of the Anatomy Act 1984 and of the Human Tissue Act 1961 676 25.4.6 Specimens retained after operations, stillbirths etc. 676 25.5 Inquests 677 25.5.2 Generally 677 25.5.2 The purpose of an inquest 678

26 Patient making a will 680 26.1 Introductory 680 26.2 Patients in hospital other than the mentally impaired 681 26.2.1 Will drafted by a patient' s solicitor 681 26.2.2 Will drafted otherwise than by patient' s solicitor 682 26.3 Patients of unsound mind 682 26.3.1 Generally 682 26.3.2 Technical safeguards 683 26.3.3 Patients admitted informally 684 26.3.4 Will made by mentally disordered patient in hospital without professional advice and without the knowledge of the medical practitioner in charge of treatment 684 26.4 Elderly senile mentally infirm patients 685

27 Medical termination of pregnancy (abortion) 686 27.1 Abortion Act 1967, as amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 686 xxiv Contents

27.1.1 Abortion Regulations 689 27.1.2 Assisting in suspected illegal abortion 690 27.2 Criminal offences relating to abortion 691 27.2.1 Administering drugs or using instruments to proeure abortion 691 27.2.2 Procuring drugs etc. to cause abortion 691

28 ~otüfiable diseases 693 28.1 Definition 693 28.2 Cases of notifiable disease and food poisoning to be reported to the local authority 693 28.3 Disposal of dead bodies - precautions against spread of infection 694 28.4 Compulsory removal to hospital of a person suffering from a notifiable disease 695 28.5 Power of the Secretary of State to make regulations generally 695

29 Medicines and poisons 697 29.1 Medicines Act 1968 697 29.1.1 Introduction 697 29.1.2 Definitions 697 29.1.3 Application of the Act 698 29.1.4 Licences 698 Product licences 699 Parallel importing 700 Manufacturers' licence 700 Wholesale dealer' s licence 701 Exemptions from licensing 701 29.1.5 Clinical trials 703 29.1.6 Retail sales 705 29.1.7 General sales list 705 29.1.8 Prescription only medicines 705 29.2 Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 706 29.2.1 Possession 706 29.2.2 Midwives 707 29.2.3 Supply 707 29.2.4 Prescriptions 708 29.2.5 Containers 709 29.2.6 Records 710 29.2.7 Destruction of controlled drugs 710 29.2.8 Drug addicts 711 Generally 711 Notification of addicts 712 Supply to addicts 713 Contents XXV

Application of the Misuse of Drugs (Notification of and Supply to Addicts) Regulations 1973 to the Crown 714 29.2.9 Safe custody 714 29.3 Poisons 715 29.3.1 Classification of poisons 715 29.3.2 Storage of poisons 716 29.3.3 Sales of poisons and records 716 29.4 Removal of Crown status 716 29.4.1 Manufacture 717 29.4.2 Supply 718 29.5 Radioactive substances 719 29.5.1 Radioactive Substances Act 1993 719 Application to the National Health Service 719 Registration relating to use of radioactive material and mobile radioactive apparatus 720 Mobile radioactive apparatus 721 Further obligations relating to registration or authorisation 723 Rights of entry 726 Offences 727

30 Mental health law 730 30.1 The purpose of the Mental Health Act 1983 730 30.2 Legaldefinitions for the purpose of compulsory powers 733 30.3 The Act and the common law: the 'spirit of the Act' 734 30.4 Formaladmission (detention) under Part II of the Act 736 30.4.1 Admission for assessment 736 30.4.2 The nearest relative 737 30.4.3 Approved social workers 738 30.4.4 Medical recommendations 738 30.4.5 Generalprovisions as to applications 739 30.4.6 Detention, discharge and barring orders 742 30.4.7 Admission for assessment in cases of emergency 743 30.4.8 Admission for treatment 746 30.4. 9 Renewal of an order for admission for treatment 750 30.4.10 Restrietion on the lawful use of detention under section 3 and renewal of detention 751 30.4.11 Section 2 or section 3? 755 30.4.12 Holding powers for patients already in hospital 757 30.4.13 Rectification of defective applications and recommendations 761 30.4.14 Receipt and scrutiny of applications and recommendations 764 30.4.15 Reclassification of patients 765 xxvi Contents

30.4.16 Leave of absence from hospital 766 30.4.17 Patients absent without leave 768 30.4.18 Reception into guardianship 770 30.4.19 Transfer of detained patients between hospitals, or between detention and guardianship 773 30.4.20 Discharge of patients 776 30.5 Patients concemed in criminal proceedings 780 30.5.1 Hospital order 781 30.5.2 Hospital order with restriction on discharge 785 30.5.3 Mental disorder and unfitness to plead 787 Procerlure 787 Alternative options for disposal 788 Supervision and treatment orders 788 30.5.4 Restrietion orders in practice 790 30.5.5 Remand to hospital of accused persans 792 30.5.6 Remand for treatment 795 30.5.7 Interim hospital orders 797 30.5.8 Transfer to hospital of prisoners serving sentences of imprisonment on remand in prison 799 30.5.9 Diversion from custody 800 30.5.10 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984: the 'appropriate adult' 801 30.6 Medical treatment for mental disorder 802 30.6.1 Treatments giving rise to serious concem and requiring both consent and a second opinion 805 Code of Practice guidelines 810 The two-stage procedure 811 30.6.2 Treatment requiring consent or a second opinion 813 30.6.3 Urgent treatment 815 30.6.4 Treatment not requiring consent 816 30.6.5 Review of treatment 817 30.7 Removal of disordered person to place of safety 818 30.8 Mental Review Tribunals 823 30.8.1 Structure of the Tribunal system 823 30.8.2 Application to Tribunals from patients detained under Part II of the Health Act 1983 824 30.8.3 Applications to Tribunals conceming patients detained under Part III of the Act 827 30.8.4 Powers of Tribunals 829 30.8.4 Procerlure of Tribunals 832 30.8.6 Notice to other interested persons 835 30.8.7 Appointment to the Tribunal 835 30.8.8 The Tribunal proceedings 836 The Tribunal hearing 837 Contents xxvii

The Tribunal' s decision 838 30.9 Removaland return of patients 839 30.10 Offences created by the Act 840 30.11 Information to detained patients 842 30.12 Mental Health Act Commission 844 30.13 Voting at elections 847 30.14 Patients' correspondence 847 30.15 Protedion for acts done in pursuance of the Act 850 30.16 Marriage of patients 852 30.17 Contracts of persons suffering from mental disorder 854 30.18 Management of property and affairs of patients 855 30.18.1 Court of Protection: appointment of receiver 855 30.18.2 Lord Chancellor' s visitors 857 30.19 Risk management and mental disorder 858 30.19.1 Protection of others against dangerous patients 858 30.19.2 Protection of patients against harm to themselves 859 30.19.3 Seclusion and time-out 859 Code of Practice and common law 862 30.20 Aftercare following discharge from hospital 863 30.20.1 Mental Health Act 1983, section 117 863 30.20.2 The Care Programme Approach 868

Index 873 Preface

In January 1947 Dr Speiler wrote that 'only last year did Mr Aneurin Bevan achieve the distinction of being the first Minister of Health to embody provisions for a comprehensive health service in a Bill that has now become law as the National Health Service Act, 1946.' That same year saw the first edition of this book. Few in 1947 would have chanced a prediction of the changes in health services structure, and even philosophy, that have produced the conditions and priorities prevailing in 1993. This seventh edition incorporates major changes wrought in health services structure by the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990, in particular the creation of National Health Service trusts. Beyond the process of change in statutory structures and responsibili• ties lies a vast number of changes in common law and legislation affecting the delivery of personal health care in hospitals and nursing homes. Since the last edition, much of the law relating to consent to treatment has altered out of recognition. The legal liability of hospitals managed by health authorities and trusts has become so complex that a new and separate chapter in this edition is devoted entirely to the possibility of legal proceedings against them. The laws relating to employment and to professional qualifications have undergone funda• mental changes. Attention to employee safety is, or should be, a major concern for the modern hospital manager, and the chapter on Injury at work has been significantly expanded to meet the needs of 1993. A whole new area of law relating to data protection and access to health records has emerged. Mental health law has undergone radical and far• reaching changes, starting with the Mental Health Act 1983 and continuing with the much later publication, in 1990, of the Statutory Code of Practice, already in its first revision by the Department of Health. The interval since the publication of the previous edition has presented the opportunity to give a very different appearance to this established book. Footnote references now appear at the end of each chapter, and the text itself is left uncluttered. Material formerly contained in substantial appendices is now, so far as necessary, contained in the body of the text. Consistent with the original spirit of this book, the seventh edition Preface xxix offers a legal support not only to practitioners and teachers of the law relating to hospitals but also, and importantly, to managers and health care practitioners who seek a guide to the law affecting their professionallife. The changed presentation of this seventh edition aims to assist and support not only lawyers but all health care professionals and managers. In particular, it helps to address the statutory responsibility of National Health Service trusts to conduct their activities 'effectively, efficiently and economically': National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990, Schedule 2, paragraph 6(1). But further than that, this seventh edition of Speiler tries to make the law relating to hospitals more accessible to all those who want, and need, to know it. John Finch 1993 Acknowledgements

The first five editions of this book were prepared single-handed by Dr Speller. It is a testament to his great knowledge and ability that such a task was executed with such success. The law relating to hospitals has, however, grown so much in complexity especially in recent years that it would be unwise to present this 1993 edition without some reference to expert consultants. This has been done in respect of a number of chapters, and those consultants are identified separately. Their input is warmly and gratefully acknowledged, and the text has benefited greatly from their expertise and experience. In addition, thanks are due to Kirsty Keywood LL M for her assistance on a number of chapters and to Camilla Parker LL M, Solicitor, for her assistance with Chapter 29. A very substantial debt of gratitude is owed, and warmly acknowledged, to Robert Cowley, Barrister-at-law, for his hard work and valuable assistance across numerous chapters. His name is also listed among the specialist consultants, for the chapters on Data protection, and Access to medical records and reports are almost entirely his work. Specialist consultants

Robert Cowley, Barrister-at-law, 8 Fountain Court, Birmingham. Data protection; Access to medical records and reports. Ian Dodds-Smith, Solicitor, McKenna & Co., London. Medicines and poisons. Mike Doyle, Oxley and Coward, Solicitors, Sheffield. Hospitals managed under the National Health Service. Peter Edwards, Solicitor, Liverpool. Mental health law. Clive Loyns, Solicitor, Hempsons, London. Employment law; Professional qualifications. Alan Milligan, District Pharmaceutical Officer, South Durharn District Health Authority. Medicines and poisons. Mary Mulholland, Senior Lecturer in Law, De Montfort University, Leicester. Taxation of hospitals. Paul Ridout, Solicitor, Nabarro Nathanson, London. Nursing homes: registration, conduct and inspection. Amanda Wearing, Barrister, McKenna & Co., London. Medicines and poisons. Table of Cases

Adams, Re (dec'd); Gee and another v. Bamet Group Hospital Management Committee [1968] ch.8C; [1967] 3 W.L.R. 1088: 111 S.J. 587; [1967] 3 All E.R. 285, C.A.; rev'g [1967] 1 W.L.R. 162; 110 S.J. 980; [1966] 3 All E.R. 325...... 5, 618, 621 Adams and others v. Maclay (Secretary of State) and the South Eastem Regional Hospital Board [1950] S.C. 279...... 7, 8, 613 Airedale NHS Trust v. Bland [1993] 1 All E.R. 821...... 274 Alchin's Trusts, Re (1972) CR14 Eq. 230 ...... 603 Alcock v. Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police, sub nom. Jones v. Wright [1991] 3 W.L.R. 1057; The Times, November 29, 1991; The Guardian, December 11, 1991, H.L.; affg [1991] 2 All E.R. 88; The Times, May 6, 1991; The Guardian, May 9, 1991; The Independent, May 10, 1991, C.A ...... 569 Allison v. Merton, Sutton and Wandsworth AHA [1975] C.L. 2450. 329 Atkin Enfield Group Hospital Management Committee [1975] I.R.L.R. 217 ...... 437 Att.-Gen v. Foster. See Att.-Gen. v. Mulholland -v. Mulholland; Att.-Gen v. Foster [1963] 2 Q.B. 477; [1963] 2 W.L.R. 658, 107 S.J. 154; [1963] 1 All E.R. 767; C.A.; Petition for leave to appeal to H.C. dismissed sub nom. Mulholland v. Att.• Gen.; Foster v. Att.-Gen., The Times, March 7, 1963... 391, 392, 395 Att.-Gen.'s Reference (No.1 of 1976) [1977] 1 W.L.R. 646; (1977) 121 S.J. 321; (1977) 64 Cr.App.R. 222; [1977] R.T.R. 284; [1977] Crim.L.R. 564, C.A ...... 233 Avon County Council v. Howlett [1983] 1 W.L.R. 605; (1983) 127 S.J. 173; [1983] 1 All E.R. 1073; (1983) 01 L.G.R. 555; [1983] I.R.L.R. 171; (1983) 133 New L.J. 372, C.A.; rev'g [1981] I.R.L.R. 447 ...... 474

B. (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment), Re [1981] 1 W.L.R. 1421; (1981) 125 S.J. 608; (1982) 80 L.G.R. 107, C.A...... 251 B. (a minor) (wardship: Sterilisation) [1985] A.C. 199; [1987] 2 W.L.R. 1213; (1987) 131 S.J. 625; [1987] 2 All E.R. 206; [1987] 2 F.L.R. 314; (1988) 86 L.G.R. 417; (1937) L.G. Rev. 650; H.L.; aff'g (1987) 137 New L.J. 929, C.A...... 265, 268 Ballingall's Judicial Factor v. Hamilton [1973] S.L.T. 236, Ct. of Session ...... 601 Table of cases xxxiii

Banks v. Goodfellow [1870] L.R. 5 Q.B. 549 ...... 682, 683 Barnett v. Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management Com• mittee [1969] 1 Q.B. 428; [1968] 2 W.L.R. 422; 111 S.J. 912; [1968] 2 All E.R. 1068, 1072...... 181, 195 Barnett Group Hospital Mangement Committee v. Eagle Star Insurance Co. Ltd [1960] 1 Q.B. 107; [1959] 3 W.L.R. 610; 123 J.P. 521; 103 S.J. 619; [1959] 3 All E.R. 210; [1959] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 335...... 625 Baxter v. St Helena Group Hospital Management Committee, The Times, February 15, 1972, C.A...... 319, 557 Beaman v. ARTS Ltd. [1949] 1 K.B. 550; 65 T.L.R. 389; 93 S.J. 236; [1949] 1 All E.R. 465, C.A.; rev'g [1948] W.N. 224; 64 T.L.R. 285; [1948] 2 All E.R. 89...... 335, 337 Bennett v. Bennett [1969] 1 W.L.R. 430, 113 S.J. 284; [1969] 1 All E.R. 539 ··················································································· 853 Bhandari v. Advocates Committee [1956] 1 W.L.R. 1442; 100 S.J. 836; [1956] 3 All E.R. 742 ...... 528 Blyth v. Bloomsbury Health Authority (1989) 5 P.N. 167; The Times, February 11, 1987, C.A.; rev'g The Times. May 24, 1985 ..... 208, 209, 219, 220, 221 Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 W.L.R. 582; 101 S.J. 357; [1957] 2 All E.R. 118...... 162, 164, 209, 214, 215, 216, 219, 249, 264 Bone v. Mental Health Review Tribunal [1985] 3 All E.R. 330 ...... 838 -v. Seale [1975] 1 W.L.R. 797; (1974) 119 S.J. 137; [1975] 1 All E.R. 787; C.A.; rev'g (1973) 229 E.G. 1469 ...... 329 Bradshaw v. Thompson (1843) 2 Y. & C.C.C. 295 ...... 601 Bravery v. Bravery [1954] 1 W.L.R. 1169; 96 S.J. 573; [1954] 3 All E.R. 59 ...... 231, 263 Brazier v. Ministry of Defence [1965] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 26 ...... 170 Bridges v. Hawksworth (1851) 21 L.J.C.Q.B. 175 ...... 338 Brindley v. Tayside Health Board [1976] I.R.L.R. 364; Industrial Tribunal ...... 453 Bristow v. Grout, The Times, November 29, 1987, C.A.; affg The Times, November 3, 1986 ...... 128 British Horne Stores Ltd. v. Birchell [1978] I.R.L.R. 379 ...... 434 British Medical Association v. Greater Glasgow Health Board [1989] A.C. 1211; [1989] 2 W.L.R. 660; (1989) 133 S.J. 456; [1989] 1 All E.R. 984; The Times, March 17, 1939...... 49 British Railways Board v. Herrington [1972] A.C. 877; [1972] 2 L.C.R. 537; 116 S.J. 178; [1972] 1 All E.R. 749, H.C.; aff'g sub nom. Herrington v. British Railways Act [1971] 2 Q.B. 107; [1971] 2 W.L.R. 477; (1970) 114 S.J. 954; [1971] 1 All E.R. 897.. 324, 325, 328 Brockmeulen v. Huisarts Registatie Commissie; Case 2461801, European Ct, October 6, 1981...... 525 xxxiv Table of Cases

Bromwich v. National Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital [1980] I.C.R. 450; (1980) 124 S.J. 272; [1980] 2 All E.R. 663 ...... 580 Bullard v. Croydon Hospital Group Management Committee [1953] 1 Q.B. 511; [1953] 2 W.L.R. 470; 97 S.J. 155; [1953] 1 All E.R. 596 ...... 49 Burke v. Jobsan [1972] R.T.R. 59; [1972] Crim.L.R. 187, D.C...... 232 Burton v. Islington Health Authority [1991] 2 W.L.R. 501; [1991] 1 All E.R. 325; The Times, November 15, 1990 ...... 188 c. V. s. [1988] Q.B. 135; [1987] 2 W.L.R. 1108; [1987] 1 All E.R. 1230; (1987) 131 S.J. 624; [1987] 2 F.L.R. SOS; (1987) 17 Fam.Law 269; (1987) 84 L.S.Gaz. 1410, C.A.; aff'g [1987] 1 All E.R. 1230 ...... 260 C. (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment), Re [1990] Fam.26; [1989] 3 W.L.R. 240; (1989) 133 S.J. 876; [1989] 2 All E.R. 782; (1990) 20 Fam.Law 60; [1990] 1 F.L.R. 252; [1990] F.C.R. 209; (1989) 138 New L.J. 612; (1990) 154 J.P.N. 11, C.A...... 254 Cartledge v. Jopling (E.) and Sons Ltd [1963] A.C. 758; [1963] 2 W.L.R. 210; 107 S.J. 73; [1963] 2 All E.R. 341; [1963] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 1, H.L.; aff'g 1 Q.B. 189; [1961] 3 W.L.R. 838 ...... 126, 127 Cassidy v. Ministry of Health [1951] 2 K.B. 343; [1951] 1 T.L.R. 539; 95 S.J. 253; [1951] 1 All E.R. 574, C.A ... 110, 111, 119, 123, 167, 170 Cavan v. Wilcox (1973) 44 D.L.R. (3rd) 42 (N.B.C.A.); rev'd (1974) 50 D.L.R. (3d.) 687(S.C.C.) ...... 177 Cawse v. Nottingham Lunatic Hospital [1891] 1 Q.B. 585 ...... 639 Chapman v. Rix (1959) 103 S.J. 940, C.A.; The Times, November 19, 1959; aff'd The Times, December 22, 1960 ...... 173, 174, 175, 177 Chatterton v. Gersan [1981] Q.B. 432; [1980] 3 W.L.R. 1003; (1980) 124 S.J. 885; [1981] 1 All E.R. 257 ...... 215, 217, 807, 808 Chaunt v. Hertfordshire Area Health Authority (1982) 132 NLJ. 1054 ...... 192 Chichester Diocesan Fund and Board of Finance v. Simpson and others [1944] A.C. 341 ...... 600, 620 Chin Keow v. Government of Malaysia and another [1967] 1 W.L.R. 813; 111 S.J. 333, P.C ...... 163 Chipchase v. British Titan Products Ltd [1956] 2 Q.B. 545; [1956] 2 W.L.R. 677; 100 S.J. 186; 1 All E.R. 613; 54 L.G.R. 212, C.A ...... 561 City of London Corporation v. Appleyard [1963] 1 W.L.R. 982; 107 S.J. 650; [1963] 2 All E.R. 834 ...... 338 Clark v. Mac Lennan [1983] 1 All E.R. 416 ...... 165 Clarke, Re [1923] 2 Ch. 407 ...... 600 Clarke v. Adams (1950) 94 Sol Jo. 599 ...... 159 Clayton v. Vigers [1990] I.C.R. 713; [1990] I.R.L.R. 177; [1989] L.S.Gaz. November 8, 44, E.A.T ...... 439 -v. Woodman & Son (Builders) Ltd. [1962] 2 Q.B. 533; [1962] 1 W.L.R. 585; 106 S.J. 242; [1962] 2 All E.R. 33, C.A.; rev'g [1961] 3 Table of cases XXXV

W.L.R. 987; 105 S.J. 889; [1961] 3 All E.R. 249; [1961] C.L.7 825 ...... 321 Coles v. Reading and District Hospital Management Committee and another (1963) 107 S.J. 115; The Times, January 31, 1963 ..... 175, 177 Colling (dec'd), Re Lawson v. Von Windder [1972] 1 W.L.R. 1440; 116 S.J. 547; [1972] 3 All E.R. 729 ...... 680 Collins v. Hertfordshire County Council [1947] 1 K.B. 598; [1947] 1 All E.R. 639; [1947] L.J.R. 789; 176 L.T. 456; 63 T.L.R. 317; 111 J.P. 372 ...... 187, 201 Coman v. Rotunda Hospital [1921] A.C. !...... 639 Commissioners of Inland Revenue v. Pemsel [1891] A.C. 531...... 5 Coombs v. Hertfordshire County Council 89 L.G.R. 774; [1991] E.G.C.S. 47 The Times, April 26, 1991...... 99 Corbett v. Corbett [1971] P. 83; (1969) 113 S.J. 982 ...... 231 Couchman's Will Trusts, Re Couchman v. Eccles [1952] Ch. 391; [1952] 1 T.L.R. 437; 96 S.J. 104; [1952] 1 All E.R. 439...... 3 Crawford v. Board of Governors of Charing Cross Hospital, The Times, December 8, 1953...... 160, 162 Critchton v. Hastings (1972) 29 D.L.R. (3rd) 692 (Ont. C.A.) ...... 173 Crouch v. British Rail Engineering Ltd, The Times, March 10, 1988. 559

D. v. National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children [1978] A.C. 171; [1977] 2 W.L.R. 201; 121 S.J. 119; [1977] 1 All E.R. 589; 76 L.G.R. 5, H.L...... 144, 396 D. (a minor) (wardship: Sterilisation), Re [1976] 1 All E.R. 326; Farn. 185; [1976] 2 W.L.R. 279; (1975) 119 S.J. 696...... 202, 255, 256 Daley v. Allied Supplies Ltd [1983] I.C.R. 90; [1983] I.R.L.R. 14; (1983) 80 L.S.Gaz. 213, E.A.T ...... 422 Dansey v. Richardson (1854) 3 E. & B. 144 ...... 335 Davey v. Harrow Corporation [1958] 1 Q.B. 60; [1957] 2 W.L.R. 941; 101 S.J. 405; [1957] 2 All E.R. 305; [1957] C.L.J. 137; 74 L.Q.R. 163; 20 M.L.R. 499; 21 Conv. 303 ...... 328 Davie v. New Merton Board Mills Ltd [1959] A.C. 604, [1959] 2 W.L.R. 331; 103, S.J. 177; [1959] 1 All E.R. 246; [1959] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 587; [1958] C.L.Y. 2265, H.L.; aff'g [1958] 1 Q.B. 210; [1958] 2 W.L.R. 21; 102 S.J. 14; [1958] 1 All E.R. 67, C.A...... 556 Davies v. British Railways Board (1984) 134 New L.J. 888..... 325, 328 Davies's Trusts, Re (1872) 21 W.R. 154 ...... 603 Davis, Re [1902] 1 Ch. 876 ...... 602 Devaynes and others v. Wolsle and others (Clayton's case) [1814-23] All E.R. Rep. 1; (1816) 1 Mer. 572 ...... 604 Devi v. West Midlands Regional Health Authority (1980) 80 Current Law 687 ...... 261 Devis (W.) and Sons Ltd v. Atkins [1977] A.C. 931; [1977] I.C.R. 662; [1977] 3 W.L.R. 214; (1977) 121 S.J. 512; [1977] I.R.L.R. 314; (1978) xxxvi Table of Cases

13 I.T.R. 71; (1978) 8 Build.L.R. 57, H.L.; aff'g [1977] I.C.R. 377; [1977] 2 W.L.R. 70; [1977] 2 All E.R. 321 ...... 433 Diplock's Estate, Re; Diplock and others v. Wintle and others. See Ministry of Health v. Simpson Doiron v. Orr (1978) 86 D.L.R. (3d) 719 ...... 192, 194 Donoghue v. Stevensen [1932] A.C. 562 ...... 415 D'Souza v. Director of Public Prosecutions [1992] 4 All E.R. 545 ... 770 Dunning v. United Liverpool Hospital's Board of Governors [1973] 1 W.L.R. 586; sub nom. Dunning v. Board of Governors of the United Liverpool Hospitals [1973] 2 All E.R. 454; 117 S.J. 167, C.A...... 135, 137

East Sussex County Council v. Lyons (1988) 152 J.P. 488, C.A. .... 97 Edwards v. West Herts Group Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 W.L.R. 415; 121 J.P. 212; 101 S.J. 190; [1957] 1 All E.R. 541; [1957] S.L.T. 197, C.A ...... 334 Elliott, Lloyds Bank v. Burton on Trent Hospital Management Committee and others [1952] Ch. 217 ...... 603 Emeh v. Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster Area Health Authority [1985] Q.B. 1012; [1985] 2 W.L.R. 233; (1984) 128 S.J. 705; [1984] 3 All E.R. 1044; (1984) 81 C.S.Gaz. 2856, C.A...... 193 Enderby v. Frenchay Health Authority and Secretary of State for Health [1991] I.R.C.R. 44; [1991] I.C.R. 382; [1991] 1 C.M.L.R. 626; The Times, January 4, 1991...... 458 Eyre v. Measday [1986] 1 All E.R. 488; (1986) 136 New L.J. 91, C.A.. 194

F., (Mental Patient: Sterilisation) Re [1989] 2 W.L.R. 1025 .... 256, 263, 264, 274, 775, 812 Faraker, Re [1912] 2 Ch. 488 ...... 602 Finger's Will Trusts, Re Turner v. Ministry of Health [1972] 1 eh. 286; [1971] 3 W.L.R. 775; 115 S.J. 790; [1971] 3 All E.R. 1050 ...... 602 Fish v. Kapur [1948] 2 All E.R. 176; 64 T.L.R. 328 ...... 169 Fowler v. Lanning [1959] 1 Q.B. 426; [1959] 2 W.L.R. 241; 103 S.J. 157; [1959] 1 All E.R. 290 ...... 203 Freeman v. Horne Office [1984] 2 W.L.R. 802; (1984) 128 S.J. 298 [1984] 1 All E.R. 1036; (1984) 81 L.S.Gaz. 1045, C.A.; affg [1984] Q.B. 524; [1984] 2 W.L.R. 130; (1983) 127 S.J. 825; [1983] 3 All E.R. 589; (1983) 133 New L.J. 726 ...... 204 French Protestant Hospital, Re [1951] 1 Ch. 567; [1951] 1 T.L.R. 785; 95 S.J. 285; [1951] 1 All E.R. 938 ...... 607 Frere, Re (dec'd); Kidd and another v. Farnharn Group HMC [1951] Ch. 27; 66 T.L.R. (Pt. 2) 345 [1950] 2 All E.R. 513 ...... 5, 6, 610 Purniss v. Fitchett [1958] N.Z.L.R. 396 ...... 391, 413

George Drexter Ofrex Foundation Trustees v. I.R.C. [1966] Ch. 675; Table of cases xxxvii

[1965] 3 W.L.R. 1168; 109 S.J. 775; [1965] 3 All E.R. 529; [1965] T.R. 307 ...... 639 Gerber v. Pines (1935) 79 Sol Jo. 13 ...... 131 Gillick v. West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1986] A.C. 112; [1985] 3 W.L.R. 830; (1985) 129 S.J. 738; [1985] 3 All E.R. 402; [1986] Crim.L.R. 113; (1985) 135 New L.J. 1055; (1985) 82 L.S.Gaz. 3531, H.L...... 256, 257, 282, 405 Gillingharn Bus Disaster Fund, Re; Bowman v. Official Solidtor [1959] Ch. 62; [1958] 3 W.L.R. 325; 102 S.J. 581; [1958] 2 All E.R. 749, C.A.; aff'g [1958] Ch. 300; [1957] 3 W.L.R. 1069; 101 S.J. 974...... 600, 605 Ginger (dec'd), Re; Wood Roberts and another v. Westminster Hospital Board of Governors and others [1951] Ch. 458; [1951] 1 T.L.R. 750; [1951] 1 All E.R. 422 ...... 618 Gold v. Essex CC [1942] 2 K.B. 293 ...... 111, 157, 201 Goldschmidt, Re; Commercial Union Assurance Co. v. Central British Fund for Jewish Relief [1957] 1 W.L.R. 524; 101 S.J. 285; [1957] 1 All E.R. 513 ...... 602 Gravestock and another v. Lewisham Hospital Management Com• mittee, The Times, May 27, 1955...... 319, 320

Haley v. London Electricity Board [1965] A.C. 778; [1964] 3 W.L.R. 479; 129 J.P. 14; 108 S.J. 637; [1964] 3 All E.R. 185; 63 L.G.R. 1, H.L.; rev'g [1964] 2 Q.B. 121; [1964] 2 W.L.R. 444; 128 J.P. 162; 107 S.J. 1001; [1963] 3 All E.R. 1003, C.A...... 318 Hall and others v. Wandsworth Health Authority (1985) 129 Sol. Jo. 188; (1985) 82 L.S.Gaz. 1329 ...... 145 Hallstown case [1986] 2 All E.R. 306 ...... 750 Haluska v. University of Saskatchewan (1963) 53 D.L.R. (2d) 436 (Sask. CA.) ...... 280 Hannah v. Peel [1945] K.B. 509 ...... 338 Hardwick v. Leeds Area Health Authority [1975] I.R.C.R. 319 ...... 431 Harmer v. Cornelius (1858) 5 C.B.(N.S.) 236 ...... 121 Harris v. Newcastle-upon-Tyne Health Authority [1989] 1 W.L.R. 96; (1989) 133 S.J. 47; [1989] 2 All E.R. 273, C.A...... 131, 136 Harwood, Re [1936] Ch. 285 ...... 602 -v. Baker (1840) 3 Moore PC 282 ...... 682 Hateher v. Black, The Times, July 2, 1954...... 210, 215 Hawkins v. Ian Ross Castings (Ltd) [1970] 1 All E.R. 180 ...... 554 Hayes' Will Trusts, Re [1954] 1 W.L.R. 22 ...... 9, 612 Hedley, Byrne & Co. Ltd v. Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] A.C. 465; [1963] 3 W.L.R. 101; 107 S.J. 454; [1963] 2 All E.R. 575; [1963] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 485, H.C.; aff'g [1962] 1 Q.B. 396; [1961] 3 W.L.R. 1225; 105 S.J. 910; [1961] 3 All E.R. 891; [1961] C.L.Y. 518, C.A .. 211 Hillier's Trusts, Re; Hillier and another v. Attorney-General and xxxvili Table of Cases

another [1954] 1 W.L.R. 700; 98 S.J. 319; sub nom. Hillier, Re, Hillier v. Att.-Gen. [1954] 2 All E.R. 59, C.A ...... 600 Hills v. Potter (1984) 128 S.J. 224; [1983] 3 All E.R. 716 ...... 808 Hills (Patents) Ltd v. University College Hospital [1956] 1 Q.B. 90 .. . 21 Hillyer v. Govemors of St Bartholomew's Hospital [1909] 2 K.B. 320 ...... 110, 111 Holgate v. Lancashire Mental Hospitals Board [1937] 4 All E.R. 19 ...... 555, 859 Holt v. Markharn [1923] 1 K.B. 504 ...... 473 Hollingsworth v. Howard [1974] R.T.R. 58; [1974] Crim.C.R. 113, D.C...... 232 Horne Office v. Dorset Yacht Company [1970] A.C. 1004; [1970] 2 W.L.R. 1140; [1970] 2 All E.R. 294; [1970] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 453; sub nom. Dorset Yacht Co. v. Horne Office [1969] 2 Q.B. 412; [1969] 2 W.L.R. 1008; 113 S.J. 227; [1969] 2 All E.R. 564, C.A.; affg 113 S.J. 57; [1968] C.L.Y. 2638 ...... 858 Homal v. Neuherger Products Ltd [1957] 1 Q.B. 247; [1956] 3 W.L.R. 1034; 100 S.J. 915; [1956] 2 All E.R. 970, C.A ...... 851 Hotson v. East Berkshire Area Health Authority sub nom. Hotson v. Fitzgerald [1987] A.C. 750; [1987] 3 W.L.R. 232; (1937) 131 S.J. 975; [1938] 2 All E.R. 909; (1987) 84 L.S.Gaz. 2365, H.C.; rev'g [1987] 1 All E.R. 210; (1986) 130 S.J. 925; (1986) 136 New L.J. 1163, C.A.; aff'g [1985] 1 W.L.R. 1036 ...... 197 Houghland v. R.R. Lowe (Luxury Coaches) Ltd [1962] 1 Q.B. 694; [1962] 2 W.L.R. 1015; 106 S.J. 243; [1962] 2 All E.R. 159, C.A .... 332 Hudson v. Ridge Manufacturing Co. [1957] 2 Q.B. 348; [1957] 2 W.L.R. 948; 101 S.J. 409, [1957] 2 All E.R. 229 ...... 553, 576 Hughes v. Waltham Forest HA, The Times, November 9, 1990 ...... 164 Hunter v. Clare [1897] 1 Q.B. 635 ...... 530 -v. Hanley [1955] S.L.T. 213; [1955] S.C. 200 ...... 163, 165, 175 -v. Mann [1974] Q.B. 767; [1974] 2 W.L.R. 742; 118 S.J. 171; [1974] 2 All E.R. 414; [1974] R.T.R. 338; 59 Cr.App.R. 37; [1974] Crim.L.R. 260, D.C ...... 397 Hutchinson's Will Trusts, Re Gibbons v. Nottingham Area No.1 HMC [1953] 1 eh. 387; [1953] 2 W.L.R. 872; [1953] 1 All E.R. 966; sub nom. Hutchinson, Re, Gibbons v. Nottingham Area No.1 HMC, 97 S.J. 300...... 602 Hyde v. Tameside Area Health Authority (1986) 2 P.N. 26; The Times, April 15, 1981, C.A...... 180

Imperial Loan Co. v. Stone [1892] 1 Q.B. 599 ...... 854 Institution of Civil Engineers v. Commissioners of Inland Revenue (1931) 47 T.L.R. 466 ...... 639 I.R.C. v. Educational Grants Association [1967] Ch. 993; [1967] 3 W.L.R. 41; 111 S.J. 194; [1967] 2 All E.R. 893; sub nom. Educational Table of cases xxxix

Grants Association v. I.R.C. [1967] T.R. 79; 44 T.C. 93; affg [1967] Ch. 123; [1966] 3 W.L.R. 724 ...... 639 Irani v. Southampton and South West Hampshire Health Authority [1985] I.C.R. 590; [1985] I.R.C.R. 203; (1985) 82 L.S.Gaz. 1167 ... 442 Isle of Wight County Council v. Humphreys, December 6, 1991, unreported, Q.B.D...... 96

J. (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment), Re [1991] Farn. 33; [1991] 2 W.L.R. 140; [1990] 3 All E.R. 930; [1991] 1 F.C.R. 366; (1990) 140 New L.J. 1533; [1990] 2 Med. L.R. 67; [1991] F.C.R. 370; The Times, October 23, 1990, C.A...... 251, 253 Jacob (a minor) v. Wessex Regional Health Authority [1984] C.L.Y. 2618; The Times, September 11, 1984 ...... 145 Janaway v. Salford Area Health Authority [1988] 3 All E.R. 1079, H.L ...... 688 Jayes v. IMI (Kynoch) Ltd [1985] T.C.R. 155; (1984) 01 L.S.Gaz. 3180, C.A...... 562 Jayne v. National Coal Board [1963] 2 All E.R. 220 ...... 612 Jewish Blind Society Trustees v. Henning [1961] 1 W.L.R. 24; 125 J.P. 107; 104 S.J. 1033; [1961] 1 All E.R. 47; 59 L.G.R. 17; 7 R.R.C. 113; sub nom. Alfred (Trustees of the Jewish Blind Society) v. Henning, 53 R. & I.T. 767, C.A.; rev'g LVC/1703/1958 (1959) 109 L.J. 396 ...... 2 Johnston v. Wellesley Hospital [1970] 17 D.L.R. (3d) 139 (Ont. H.C.) ...... 256, 282 Johnstone v. Bloomsbury Health Authority [1991] 2 W.L.R. 1362; [1991] 2 All E.R. 293; [1991] I.C.R. 269; [1991] I.R.L.R. 118; [1991] 2 Med. L.R. 139; (1991) 141 New C.J. 271, C.A...... 559 Jones v. Manchester Corporation and others [1952] 2 Q.B. 852; [1952] 1 T.L.R. 1589; 116 J.P. 412; [1952] 2 All E.R. 125, C.A ..... 120 Junor v. McNicol and others, The Times, March 25, 1959, H.L. .... 182, 183, 184

Kaur (Pritam) v. Russell (S.) & Sons [1973] 1 Q.B. 336; [1973] 1 All E.R. 617; [1973] 2 W.L.R. 147; (1972) 117 S.J. 91; sub nom. Kaw (Pritam) (Administration of Bikar Singh) v. Russell (S.) and Sons [1972] 3 W.L.R. 663; 116 S.J. 446 ...... 125 Kay v. Ayrshire and Arran Health Board [1987] 2 All E.R. 417, H.L ...... 196 Kellner's Will Trusts, Re Blundell v. Royal Cancer Hospital (Board of Governors) [1949] Ch. 46; 65 T.C.R. 695 [1949] 2 All E.R. 774; 93 S.J. 710, C.A.; rev'g [1949] Ch. 509 ...... 77 Kirkham v. Chief Constable of the Greater Manchester Police [1990] 2 Q.B. 283; [1990] 2 W.L.R. 987; [1990] 3 All E.R. 246, C.A ...... 179 Kitson v. Playfair, The Times, March 28, 1986 ...... 391, 415 xl Table of Cases

Knoors v. Secretary of State for Econornic Affairs [1979] E.C.R. 399; [1979] 2 C.M.L.R. 357, Euro.Ct...... 525 Kynaston v. Secretary of State for Horne Affairs (1981) 73 Cr.App.R. 281; [1982] Crim.L.R. 117, C.A...... 735, 777

Lancaster's Application [1977] 4 Current Law 59; January 17, 1977, Criminal lnjuries Cornpensation Board...... 563 Lask v. Gloucester Health Authority (1985) 2 P.N. 92; The Times, Decernber 13, 1985, C.A ...... 140 Latirner v. A.E.C. Ltd. [1953] A.C. 643; [1953] 3 W.L.R. 259; 117 J.P. 387; 97 S.J. 486; [1953] 2 All E.R. 449; 51 L.G.R. 457; 97 S.J. 486; [1953] 2 All E.R. 449, H.L.; aff'g [1952] 2 Q.B. 701; [1952] 1 T.L.R. 1349; 96 S.J. 376, C.A...... 554 Le Cras v. Perpetual Trustee Co., Far West Children's Health Scherne v. Perpetual Trustee Co. [1967] 1 All E.R. 915 ...... 1 Lee v. South West Tharnes Regional Area Health Authority [1985] 1 W.L.R. 845; (1985) 128 S.J. 333; [1985] 2 All E.R. 385; (1985) 135 New L.J. 438; (1985) 82 L.S.Gaz. 2015, C.A...... 138 Letang v. Cooper [1965] 1 Q.B. 232; [1964] 3 W.L.R. 573; 108 S.J. 519; [1964] 2 All E.R. 929; [1964] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 339, C.A...... 125 Lister v. Rornford Iee and Cold Storage Co. Ltd [1957] A.C. 555; [1957] 2 W.L.R. 158; 121 J.P. 98; 101 S.J. 106; [1957] 1 All E.R. 125, sub nom. Rornford Iee and Cold Storage Co. v. Lever [1956] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 505, H.L ...... 121 Lloyd v. Grace, Srnith Co. [1912] A.C. 716 ...... 108 Lloyd v. West Midlands Gas Board [1971] 1 W.L.R. 749; 115 S.J. 227; [1971] 2 All E.R. 1240, C.A ...... 166 London Hospital Medical College v. I.R.C. [1976] 1 W.L.R. 613; 120 S.J. 250 [1976] 2 All E.R. 113; [1976] T.R. 29 ...... 891 Lycett, Re (1897) 13 T.C.R. 373 ...... 601

McArdle v. Andrnac Roofing Co.; McArdle v. Newton Bros [1967] 1 W.L.R. 356; 111 S.J. 37; [1967] 1 All E.R. 583, C.A.; affg sub nom. McArdle v. Andarnac Roofing Co. [1966] 3 All E.R. 241...... 560 McCafferty v. Metropolitan Police District Receiver [1977] 1 W.L.R. 1073; [1977] I.C.R. 799; (1977) 121 S.J. 678; [1977] 2 All E.R. 756, C.A ...... 127 McClaren v. Horne Office [1990] I.C.R. 824; (1990) 134 S.J. 908; [1990] I.R.C.R. 338; (1990) 2 Adrnin. L.R. 652; [1990] C.O.D. 257; [1990] L.S.Gaz. May 9, 31, C.A.; rev'g [1989] I.C.R. 550 ...... 446 McClelland v. Northem Ireland General Health Services Board [1957] 1 W.L.R. 594; 101 S.J. 355; [1957] 2 All E.R. 129; [1957] N.l. 100; rev'g [1956] N.l. 127 ...... 423 McGhee v. National Coal Board [1973] 1 W.L.R. 1; 116 S.J. 967; Table of cases xli

[1972] 3 All E.R. 1008; 13 K.I.R. 471, H.L.; rev'g 1972 S.L.T. (Notes) 61 ...... 169, 556 M'Ginty v. Glasgow Victoria Hospitals, 1951 S.C. 200; 1951 S.L.T. 92 ················································································ 49, 550 McLoughlin v. O'Brian [1983] A.C. 410; [1982] 2 W.L.R. 982; (1982) 126 S.J. 347; [1982] 2 All E.R. 298; [1982] R.T.R. 209; (1982) 79 L.S.Gaz. 922, H.L.; rev'g [1981] 2 Q.B. 599; [1981] 2 W.L.R. 1014; (1980) 125 S.J. 169; [1981] 1 All E.R. 809 ...... 137 MacNeill v. England, 1971 S.C. 23; 1971 S.L.T. 103; [1972] Crim.L.R. 225 ...... 232 Mc Sweeny v. Warwickshire County Council, December 8, 1988, unreported, Q.B.D...... 96 Mahon v. Osborne [1939] 2 K.B. 14 ...... 157, 167 Malette v. Schulman [1991] 2 Med. L.R. 162; (1990) 67 D.L.R. (4th) 321 (Ont. C.A.); aff'g (1987) 47 D.L.R. (4th)18 ...... 238 Marshall v. Lindsey County Council [1935] 1 K.B. 516; [1937] A.C. 97 ············································································· 317, 329 -v. Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (Teaching) (No. 152/84) [1986] Q.B. 401; [1986] 2 W.L.R. 700; [1986] I.C.R. 335; (1936) 130 S.J. 340; [1986] 2 All E.R. 584; [1986] 1 C.M.L.R. 688; [1986] 2 E.C.R. 723; [1986] I.R.L.R. 140 ...... 453 Martin v. London County Council [1947] K.B. 628; [1947] L.J.R. 1231; 177 L.T. 38; 63 T.L.R. 284; 111 J.P. 310; 91 S.J. 264; [1947] 1 All E.R. 783 ...... 332 Martine v. South East Kent Health Authority, The Times, March 8, 1993, C.A...... 97 Maynard v. West Midlands Regional Health Authority [1984] 1 W.L.R. 634; [1984] 128 S.J. 317; [1985] 1 All E.R. 635; (1983) 133 New L.J. 641; (1984) 81 L.J.Gaz. 1926, H.L...... 164, 165 Metropolitan District Asylum Board v. Hili (1881) 6 A.C. 193; 50 L.J. (Q.B.) 353 ...... 328 Michie v. Shenley and Napsbury General Hospital Management Committee, The Times, March 19, 1952 ...... 576 Mills and Mills (dec'd), Re; Midland Bank Executor & Trust Co. Ltd v. Board of Governors of United Birmingham Hospitals [1953] 1 W.L.R. 554; 97 S.J. 229; [1953] 1 All E.R. 835 ...... 618 Minister of Health v. General Committee of the Royal Midland Counties Horne for Incurables at Leamington Spa [1954] Ch. 530; [1954] 2 W.L.R. 755; 98 S. J. 250; [1954] 1 All E.R. 1013, C.A. ... 2 -v. Simpson [1951] A.C. 251; 66 T.L.R. (Pt.2) 1015; [1950] 2 All E.R. 1137; sub nom. Re Diplock, Minister of Health v. Simpson, 94 S.J. 777, H.L.; aff'g sub nom. Re Diplock, Diplock v. Wintle [1948] Ch. 465; [1948] L.J.R. 1670, 92 S.J. 484; sub nom. Re, Diplock's xlii Table of Cases

Estate; Diplock v. Wintle [1948] 2 All E.R. 318, C.A.; rev'g [1947] Ch. 716 ...... 604 Moffatt v. Kazana [1969] 2 Q.B. 152, [1969] 2 W.L.R. 71; [1968] 3 All E.R. 271; sub nom. Moffatt v. Kazana, 112 S.J. 1020 ...... 338 Moore v. Lewisham Group Hospital Mangement Committee, The Times, February 5, 1959 ...... 157 Morgan v. Wallis [1974] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 165 ...... 200 Morris v. C.W. Martin and Sons Ltd [1966] 1 Q.B. 716; [1965] 3 W.L.R. 276; 109 S.J. 451; [1965] 2 All E.R. 729; [1965] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 63, C.A...... 332 Morriss v. Marsden [1952] 1 [1952] W.W. 188; [1952] 1 T.L.R. 947; 96 S.J. 281; 1 All E.R. 925 ...... 575

Needham v. Bouers (1888) 21 Q.B.D. 436 ...... 639 Nesbitt (dec'd), Re; Dr Bamardo's Horne v. Board of Govemors of the United Newcastle upon Tyne Hospital [1953] 1 W.L.R. 595; 97 S.J. 264; [1953] T.R. 111; 32 A.T.C. 101; sub nom. Re Nesbitt's Will Trust [1953] 1 All E.R. 936 ...... 601 Nettleship v. Weston [1971] 2 Q.B. 691; [1971] 3 W.L.R. 370; 115 S.J. 624; [1971] 3 All E.R. 581; [1971] R.T.R. 425, C.A...... 187 Noble v. Harrison [1926] 2 K.B. 332 ...... 330 Noone v. North West Thames Regional Health Authority [1988] I.R.L.R. 195, C.A.; rev'g [1987] I.R.L.R. 357, E.A.T ...... 452 Nottingham Area No. 1 HMC v. Owen [1958] 1 Q.B. 50; [1957] 3 W.L.R. 707; 122J.P. 5; 101 S.J. 852; [1957] 3 All E.R. 358; 55 L.G.R. 550; 225 L.T. 46, D.C ...... 329

Oakley v. Jackson [1914] 1 K.B. 216 ...... 249

P. (a minor), Re (1982) 80 Loc.Gov.R. 301, D.C...... 249 Palmer v. Invemess Hospitals Board of Management [1963] S.L.T. 124 ...... 441 Pannett v. McGuinness & Co. [1972] 2 Q.B. 599; [1972] 3 W.L.R. 380; 116 S.J. 335; [1972] 3 All E.R. 137, C.A...... 325 Paris v. Stepney Borough Council [1951] A.C. 367; [1951] 1 T.L.R. 25; 115 J.P. 22; 94 S.J. 837; [1951] 1 All E.R. 42; 49 L.G.R. 293; 34 U.L.Rep. 525, H.L.; rev'g [1950] 1 K.B. 320; 65 T.L.R. 723; 113 J.P. 507; 93 S.J. 710; [1949] 2 All E.R. 843, C.A ...... 558 Partington v. Wandsworth London Borough Council, The Indepen- dent, November 8, 1989 ...... 555 Patch v. United Bristol Hospitals Board [1959] 1 W.L.R. 955; 103 S.J. 833; [1959] 3 All E.R. 876 ...... 400 Paterson v. Chadwick [1974] 1 W.L.R. 890; sub nom.; Paterson v. Northampton and District Hospital Management Committee [1974] 1 W.L.R. 891; [1974] 2 All E.R. 772 ...... 142 Table of cases xliü

Paton v. British Pregnancy Advisory Service Trustees [1979] Q.B. 276; [1978] 3 W.L.R. 687; (1978) 122 S.J. 744; [1978] 2 All E.R. 987 ...... 260, 262 Pfizer Corporation v. Minister of Health [1965] A.C. 512; [1965] 2 W.L.R. 387; 109 S.J. 149; [1965] 1 All E.R. 450; [1965] R.P.C. 261, H.L.; aff'g [1964] Ch. 614; [1963] 3 W.L.R. 999; 107 S.J. 828; [1963] 3 All E.R. 799; [1963] C.L.Y. 2589, C.A...... 21, 331 Photo Production v. Securicor Transport [1980] A.C. 827; [1980] 2 W.L.R. 283; (1980) 124 S.J. 147; [1980] 1 All E.R. 556; [1980] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 545, H.L., rev'g [1978] 1 W.L.R. 856; (1978) 122 S.J. 315; [1978] 3 All E.R. 146 ...... 108 Porterfield v. Horne Office, The Times March 9, 1988; The Independent, March 9, 1988 ...... 577 Pountney v. Griffiths [1976] A.C. 314; [1975] 3 W.L.R. 140; 119 S.J. 493; [1975] 2 All E.R. 881; [1975] Crim.L.R. 702; aff'g sub nom. R. v. Bracknell Justices, exp. Griffiths [1975] 2 W.L.R. 291 ...... 850 Powell v. Streatham Manor Nursing Horne [1935] A.C. 243 ...... 121

R. v. Apicella (1985) 82 Cr.App.R. 295; [1986] Crim.L.R. 238; The Times, December 5, 1985, C.A...... 205, 206 -v. Bateman [1925] 19 Cr.App.R. 8; (1925) 94 L.J.K.B. 791... 150, 157 -v. Birch (Beulah) (1990) 90 Cr.App.R. 78. (1989) 11 Cr.App.R. (S.) 202; [1989] Crim.L.R. 757; [1990] 2 Med.L.R. 77; The Times, May 4, 1989 ...... 790 -v. Criminal Injuries Compensation Board, exp. Tong [1976] 1 W.L.R. 1237; 120 S.J. 487; [1977] 1 All E.R. 171, C.A.; rev'g [1976] 1 W.L.R. 47; 119 S.J. 680; [1975] 3 All E.R. 678; [1976] Crim.L.R. 123, D.C ...... 568 -v. Criminal Injuries Compensation Board, exp. Webb [1987] Q.B. 74; [1986] 3 W.L.R. 251; (1986) 130 S.J. 468; [1986] 2 All E.R. 478; (1936) 136 New L.J. 536, C.A.; aff'g [1986] Q.B. 184; [1985] 3 W.L.R. 618; (1985) 129 S.J. 432; [1985] 2 All E.R. 1069; (1985) 81 Cr.App.R. 335 ...... 569 -v. Crowley (1977) 64 Cr.App.R. 225; [1977] R.T.R. 153; [1977] Crim.L.R. 426, C.A ...... 232 -v. Ealing District Health Authority, exp. Fox, The Times, June 24, 1992 ················································································· 864 -v. East Berkshire Health Authority, exp. Walsh [1985] Q.B. 152; [1984] 3 W.L.R. 818; [1984] I.C.R. 743 [1984] 3 All E.R. 425; [1984] I.R.L.R. 278; (1984) 81 L.S.Gaz. 2223, C.A.; rev'g The Times, November 15, 1983 ...... 443 -v. Gardiner [1967] 1 W.L.R. 464; 131 J.P. 273; 111 S.J. 93; [1967] 1 All E.R. 895; 51 Cr.App.R. 187, C.A ...... 790 -v. Hallstrom and another, exp. W. (No. 2) R. v. Gardner, exp. L. xliv Table of Cases

[1986] Q.B. 1090; [1986] 2 W.L.R. 883; (1985) 130 S.J. 204 [1986] 2 All E.R. 306; (1985) 83 L.S.Gaz. 786...... 735, 752, 766 -v. Harding, The Times, June 15, 1983, C.A ...... 783 -v. Hayles [1969] 1 Q.B. 364; [1968] 3 W.L.R. 1106; 112 S.J. 680; [1969] 1 All E.R. 34; sub nom. R. v. Hayles (Fritz Emest}, 53 Cr.App.R. 36, C.A ...... 249 -v. Kent Police Authority exp. Godden [1971] 2 Q.B. 662; [1971] 3 W.L.R. 416; 115 S.J. 640; 69 L.G.R. 533; sub nom. Godden, Re [1971] 3 All E.R. 20, C.A...... 390 -v. Lennox-Wright [1973] Crim.L.R. 529 ...... 807 -v. Lincolnshire (Kesteven) Justices, exp. O'Connor [1983] 1 W.L.R. 335; (1983) 147 J.P. 97; (1983) 127 S.J. 121; [1983] 1 All E.R. 901; [1983] Crim.L.R. 621, D.C...... 782 -v. Liverpool City Council, exp. Liverpool Taxi Fleet Operators Association [1975] 1 W.L.R. 701; (1974) 119 S.J. 166; [1975] 1 All E.R. 379; (1974) 73 L.G.R...... 143 -v. Lowe [1973] Q.B. 702; [1973] 2 W.L.R. 481; 112 S.J. 144; [1973] 1 All E.R. 805; [1973] Crim.L.R. 238; sub nom. R. v. Lowe (Robert}, 57 Cr.App.R. 365, C.A...... 152, 248 -v. Mental Health Act Commission, exp. M.W., The Times May 27, 1988; The Guardian, May 27, 1988; Daily Telegraph, June 3, 1988, D.C ...... 808 -v. Mental Health Review Tribunal, exp. Secretary of State for the

Horne Department, The Times, March 25, 1987 ...... 0000000000° 0000 828 -v. Nicholls [1972] 1 W.L.R. 502; 116 S.J. 298; [1972] 2 All E.R. 186; [1972] Crim.L.R. 380; [1972] R.T.R. 308; sub nom. R. v. Nicholls

(Gerald), 56 Cr.App.R. 382, C.A...... 0 ••••••••••••••••••••• 233 -v. Pharmaceutical Society, exp. Sokoh, The Times, December 4, 1986 ········································••o••···································· 528 -v. Porter, The Times, December 6, 1972 ...... 232 -v. Ramsgate Justices, exp.Kazmarek (1985) 80 Cr.App.R. 366; (1985) 149 J.P. 16, D.C ...... 783 -v. Rochdale Health Authority, exp Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council, The Times, February 17, 1992 ...... 69 -v. Runighian (Moonsami) [1977] Crim.L.R. 361 ...... 852 -v. Secretary of State for Social Services, exp. Guirguis [1959] 1 M. L.R. 17...... 445 -v. Secretary of State for Social Services, exp. Hincks (1979) 123 Sol Jo 436; affd (1980) (unreported}, C.A ...... 154 -v. Senior [1899] 1 Q.B. 283 ...... 152

-v. - [1973] Q.B. 702 ...... o •••••••••• 248 -v. Shropshire Health Authority and others, exp. Duffus, The Times, August 16, 1989; [1990] C.O.D. 131...... 45 -v. Smith ijohn) [1973] 1 W.L.R. 1510; 117 S.J. 774; [1974] 1 All E.R. Table of cases xlv

376; [1973] Crim.L.R. 700; sub nom. R. v. Smith (John Anthony Jones) (1973) 58 Cr.App.R. 106, C.A ...... 686 -v. Special Commissioners, exp. Shaftesbury Hornes [1921] A.C. 1 640 -v. Spencer and Spencer, The Times, March 1, 1958 ...... 248 -v. Spiller, S C and P 333 ...... 151 -v. Stone [1977] Q.B. 354; [1977] 2 W.L.R. 169; (1976) 121 S.J. 83; [1977] 2 All E.R. 341; (1976) 64 Cr.App.R. 186; sub nom. R. v. Stone and Robinson [1977] Crim.L.R. 166, C.A...... 151, 153 -v. Westminster City Coroner, exp. Rainer (1968) 112 Sol Jo 883; 118 New.L.J. 1029; The Times, October 26, 1968 ...... 670 R. (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment) [1991] 4 All E.R. 177 .... 267, 268 R. (P.M.), Re [1968] 1 W.L.R. 358; sub nom. R. (P.M.) (An Infant), Re, 112 S.J. 189; [1968] 1 All E.R. 691n:66 L.G.R. 613 ...... 202 Rainey v. Greater Glasgow Health Board Bastern District [1987] A.C. 224; [1986] 3 W.L.R. 1017; [1987] I.C.R. 129; [1987] 1 All E.R. 65; [1987] I.R.L.R. 26; [1987] 2 C.M.L.R. 11; (1986) 136 S.J. 954; (1986) 136 New L.J. 1161; (1987) 84 L.S.Gaz. 188, H.L...... 457 Ranks's Trustees, exp. (1922) 38 TLR. 603 ...... 639 Razzel v. Snowball [1954] 1 W.L.R. 1382; 119 J.P. 23; 98 S.J. 787; [1954] 3 All E.R. 429, C.A...... 112, 113, 122, 419 Ready-Mixed Concrete (South-East) Ltd v. Minister of Pensionsand National Insurance [1968] 2 Q.B. 497; [1968] 2 W.L.R. 775; sub nom. Ready-Mixed Concrete (South East) v. Minister of Pensions and National Insurance [1968] 1 All E.R. 433 ...... 419 Reibl v. Hughes [1981] 114 D.L.R. (3d) 1 (S.C.C.) ...... 221, 223 Reid v. Rush Tompkins Group plc. [1990] 1 W.L.R. 212; [1989] 3 All E.R. 228; [1989] I.R.L.R. 265; [1989] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 167; [1990] I.C.R. 61; [1990] R.T.R. 144; (1989) 139 New L.J. 680, C.A ...... 563 Resch's Will Trusts, Re; Le Cras v. Perpetual Trustee Ltd [1969] 1 A.C. 514; [1968] 3 W.L.R. 1153; sub nom. Le Cras v. Perpetual Trustee Co., Far West Children's Health Scheme v. Perpetual Trustee Co. [1967] 1 All E.R. 915; 41 A.L.J.R. 213 ...... 605 Rice v. Connolly [1966] 2 Q.B. 414, [1966] 3 W.L.R. 17; 130 J.P. 322; 110 S.J. 371; [1966] 2 All E.R. 649; D.C ...... 396 Richardson v. London County Council [1957] 1 W.L.R. 751; 121 J.P. 355; 101 S.J. 429; [1957] 2 All E.R. 330, C.A...... 851 Robb v. Hammersmithand Fulham London Borough Council [1991] I.C.R. 514 [1991] I.R.L.R. 72 ...... 442 Roe v. Minister of Health; Woolloy v. Same [1954] 2 Q.B. 66; [1954] 2 W.L.R. 915; 98 S.J. 319; [1954] 2 All E.R. 131, C.A.; aff'g [1954] 1 W.L.R. 128; 98 S.J. 30...... 111, 159, 160, 163, 192, 418, 573 Rogers v. Whittaker [1992] 3 Med.L.R. 331 ...... 217, 219 Routledge v. Oliver [1974] R.T.R. 394 ...... 232 Roy v. Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster Family Prac- xlvi Table of Cases

titioner Committee [1992] 1 All E.R. 705; [1990] 1 Med.L.R. 328; The Times, March 27, 1990, C.A.; rev'g (1990) 2 Admin. L.R. 29; The Times, March 7, 1989 ...... 446 Royal College of Nursing v. D.H.S.S. [1981] A.C. 800; [1981] 2 W.L.R. 279; (1981) 125 S.J. 149; [1981] 1 All E.R. 545; [1981] Crim.L.R. 322, H.L.; rev'g (1980) 124 S.J. 813; [1981] Crim.L.R. 169; (1980) 11 Fam.Law 113, C.A...... 686

S. v. Mac C. and M. [1972] A.C. 24...... 259, 260 S. (adult: refusal of medical treatment), Re [1992] 4 All E.R. 671 .. 240, 241 Samer Aboul-Hosn v. Trustees of the Italian Hospital and Grant and Crawford and Nouri (1987) 137 New L.J. 1164; unreported, Q.B.D., July 10, 1987 ...... 198 Scally v. Southern Health and Social Services Board [1991] 3 W.L.R. 778; [1991] 4 All E.R. 563; [1991] I.C.R. 771; (1991) 135 S.J. 172; [1991] I.R.L.R. 522; (1991) 141 New L.J. 1482; The Times, October 24, 1991; The Independent, October 25, 1991 ...... 427 Scuriaga v. Powell (1979) 123 Sol Jo 406; aff'd (1980) (unreported), C.A...... 128, . . . .192 ...... Seife v. Ilford and District Hospital Management Committee (1970) 114 S.J. 935; The Times, November 26, 1970 ...... 179 Sidaway v. Bethlem Royal Hospital and the Maudsley Governors [1985] A.C. 871; [1985] 2 W.L.R. 480; (1985) 129 S.J. 154; [1985] 1 All E.R. 643; (1985) 135 New L.J. 203; (1985) 82 L.S.Gaz. 1256, H.L.; aff'g [1984] Q.B. 498; [1984] 2 W.L.R. 778; (1984) 128 S.J. 301; [1984] 1 All E.R. 1018; (1984) 81 L.S.Gaz. 899, C.A...... 209, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 223, 807 Simpson; Schaniel v. Simpson (1977) 121 Sol Jo 224 ...... 683 Slade v. Battersea and Putney Hospital Management Committee [1955] 1 W.L.R. 207; 119 J.P. 212 ...... 317, 318 Slater v. Baker and Stapleton (1967) 95 E.R. 860...... 280, 281 -v. Clay Cross Co. Ltd. [1956] 2 Q.B. 264; [1950] 3 W.L.R. 232; 100 S.J. 450; [1956] 2 All E.R. 625, C.A...... 326 Slatter's Will Trusts, Re; Turner v. Turner [1904] 3 W.L.R. 18 ...... 602 Smith, Re (deceased) Re, Barclays Bank v. Mercantile Bank [1962] 1 W.L.R. 763; 106 S.J. 389; sub nom. Smith's Will Trusts, Re, Barclays Bank v. Mercantile Bank [1962] 2 All E.R. 563, C.A.; rev'g [1961] 1 W.L.R. 1387; 105 S.J. 931 ...... 1, 601 -v. Auckland Hospital Board [1965] N.Z.L.R. 191 ...... 209, 210 -v. Barking Havering and Brentwood Health Authority (1989) 5 P.M.I.L.L. 4; unreported, Q.B.D., July 27, 1988 ...... 222

-v. Crossley Brothers (1951) 95 Sol Jo 655, C.A...... 554 -v. Lewisham Group Hospital Management Committee, The Times, Table of cases xlvii

June 21, 1955; (1955) 2 B.M.J. 65 ...... 158 -v. St Heller Hospital Group Hospital Management Committee, The Times, May 10, 1956 ...... 557 Southwark London Borough Council v. Williams; Southwark London Borough Council v. Anderson [1971] Ch. 734; [1971] 2 W.L.R. 467; [1971] 2 All E.R. 175; 69 L.G.R. 145, C.A...... 864 Steel v. Robert George & Co. (1937) Ltd [1942] A.C. 497 ...... 200 Stephen v. Riverside Health Authority [1990] 1 Med.L.R. 261; The Times, November 29, 1989 ...... 129 Stevens and others v. Bexley Health Authority [1989] I.R.C.R. 240; [1989] I.C.R. 224, E.A.T ...... 513 Stubbings v. Webb [1993] 1 All E.R. 322 ...... 125

T. (adult: refusal of medical treatment), Re [1992] 4 All E.R. 649 ..... 239, 241 Tarnesby v. Kensington, Chelsea and Westminster Area Health Authority (Teaching) [1981] 1 I.R.L.R. 369; [1981] I.C.R. 615; [1981] 125 S.J. 464, H.L.; aff'g [1980] I.C.R. 475; (1980) 124 S.J. 377, C.A ...... 432 Taylor v. Armand [1975] R.T.R. 225; [1975] Crim.L.R. 227, D.C. ... 232 Thake v. Maurice [1986] Q.B. 644; [1986] 2 W.L.R. 337; [1986] 1 All E.R. 479; (1986) 136 New L.J. 92; (1986) 83 L.S.Gaz. 123, C.A.; aff'g [1985] 2 W.L.R. 215; (1985) 129 S.J. 86; [1984] 2 All E.R. 513; (1985) 82 L.S.Gaz. 871, D.C ...... 194 Thorne v. Northern Group Hospital Management Committee (1964) 108 Sol Jo 484 ...... 179 Tims v. John Lewis & Co. Ltd. [1952] A.C. 676; [1952] 1 W.L.R. 1132; 116 J.P. 275; 96 S.J. 342; [1952] 1 All E.R. 1203, H.L.; rev'g sub nom. Tims v. Lewis (John) & Co. [1951] 2 K.B. 459; [1951] 1 W.L.R. 719 ...... 348 Tinsley v. Dudley [1951] 2 K.B. 18; [1951] 1 T.L.R. 315; 95 S.J. 106; [1951] 1 All E.R. 252, C.A...... 334 Titchener v. British Railways Board; McGinley v. British Railways Board [1983] 1 W.L.R. 1427; (1983) 127 S.J. 825; [1983] 3 All E.R. 770; (1984) 134 New L.J. 361; (1984) 81 L.S.Gaz. 204, H.L..... 326, 328 Transmotors v. Robertson, Buckley, [1976] 1 Ll.Rep. 224 ...... 332

Udale v. Bloomsbury Area Health Authority [1983] 1 W.L.R. 1098; [1983] 2 All E.R. 522 ...... 194 Ulverston and District New Hospital BuHding Fund, Re Birkett v. Barrow and Furness HMC [1956] Ch. 622; [1956] 3 W.L.R. 559; 100 S.J. 603; [1956] 3 All E.R. 164, C.A...... 600 University of Aston, Birmingham v. Malik [1984] I.C.R. 492; (1984) 81 L.S.Gaz. 1438, E.A.T ...... 423 Urry v. Bierer and another, The Times, July 15, 1955...... 120, 121 xlviii Table of Cases

W. v. Egdell and others [1990] Ch. 539; [1990] 2 W.L.R. 471; [1990] All E.R. B35; (1990) 134 S.J. 286; [1990] L.S.Gaz. March 28, 41; The Independent, November 10, 1989, C.A.; aff'g [1989] 2 W.L.R. 689; (1989) 133 S.J. 570; [1989] 2 All E.R. 1089 ...... 408 -v. W. [1964] P 67; [1963] 3 W.L.R. 540; 107 S.J. 533; [963] 2 All E.R. 841, C.A.; affg 107 S.J. 237; [1963] 2 All E.R. 386 ...... 143 W. (a minor) (medical treatment), Re [1992] 4 All E.R. 627 ...... 243 W. Devis and Sons Ltd v. Atkins, See Devis (W.) and Sons Ltd v. Atkins Walker v. Greenock and District Combination Hospital Board [1951] S.C. 464; 1951 S.L.T. 329 ...... 49 Walker's Application, Re, The Times, November 26, 1987 ...... 155 Warner v. Payne, 1935, unreported ...... 169 Watt v. Rama [1972] V.R. 353 (State of Victoria, Australia) ...... 189 Watts v. Monmouthshire County Council (1967) 111 S.J. 602; [1967] 66 L.G.R. 171, C.A., affg (1966) 66 L.G.R. 171 ...... 390 Waugh v. British Railways Board [1980] A.C. 521; [1979] 3 W.L.R. 150; (1979) 123 S.J. 506; [1979] 2 All E.R. 1169; [1979] I.R.L.R. 364, H.L.; rev'g (1978) 122 S.J. 730; The Times, July 29, 1978, C.A ...... 139 Webb v. E.M.O. Air Cargo (U.K.) Ltd. [1992] 4 All E.R. 929 ...... 452 Weigall v. Westminster Hospital [1935] 51 T.L.R. 554 ...... 317 White v. Holbrook Precision Castings [1985] I.R.L.R. 215, C.A. .... 558 Whiteford v. Hunter [1950] W.N. 553; (1950) 94 Sol Jo. 758, H.L., rev' g The Times, July 30, 1948 ...... 156 White's Will Trust, Re; Tindall v. United Sheffield Hospitals and others [1951] 1 All E.R. 528; sub nom. White, Tindall, Re v. United Sheffield Hospitals (Board of Governors) [1951] W. N. 152...... 465 Wilkinson v. Ancliff (B.L.T.) Ltd [1986] 1 W.L.R. 1352; [1986] 130 S.J. 766; [1986] 3 All E.R. 427; (1986) 83 L.S.Gaz. 3248, C.A...... 128 Wilsher v. Essex Area Health Authority [1980] 2 W.L.R. 557; (1988) 132 S.J. 418; [1988] 1 All E.R. 871; (1988) 138 New L.J. 78, H.L.; aff'g [1987] Q.B. 730; [1987] 2 W.L.R. 425; [1986] 3 All E.R. 801; (1986) S.J. 749; (1986) 136 New L.J. 1061; (1986) 83 L.S.Gaz. 2661, C.A...... 109, 187, 197, 557 Wilson v. Racher [1974] I.C.R. 428; (1974) 10 K.I.R. 212; [1974] I.R.L.R. 114, C.A ...... 430 -v. Tyneside Window Cleaning Co. [1958] 2 Q.B. 110; [1958] 2 W.L.R. 900, 102 S.J. 380; [1953] 2 All E.R. 265, C.A ...... 555 Wiltshire Police Authority v. Wynn [1981] Q.B. 95; [1980] I.C.R. 649; [1980] 3 W.L.R. 445; (1980] 124 S.J. 463; (1980) 78 L.G.R. 591, C.A.; rev'g [1980] I.C.R. 401, E.A. T ...... 422 Winch v. Jones and Hayward [1986] Q.B. 296; [1985] 3 W.L.R. 729; 129 S.J. 699; [1985] 3 All E.R. 97 ...... 851 Winter v. Cardiff Rural District Council [1956] W.N. 193; 114 J.P. 234 [1950] 1 All E.R. 819; 49 L.G.R.I., H.L...... 559 Table of cases xlix

Withers v. Perry Chain Co. Ltd [1961] 1 W.L.R. 1314; 105 S.J. 648; [1961] 3 All E.R. 676; 59 L.G.R. 496, C.A ...... 557 Wood v. Leeds AHA (T) [1974] 1 C.R. 535; sub nom. Wood v. United Leeds Hospitals [1974] I.R.L.R. 204; [1974] I.T.R. 352; N.I.R.C...... 21, 461 -v. London County Council [1941] 2 K.B. 232 ...... 580

X. v. United Kingdom (1981) 4 E.H.R.R. 181 ...... 830 X. (Health Authority) v. Y. and others [1988] 2 All E.R. 648; [1988] R.P.C. 379; (1987) 137 New L.J. 1062 ...... 406

York Glass Co. v. Jubb (1925) 134 L.T. 36 ...... 854 Table of statutes

1677 Statute of Frauds (29 s. 1(1) ...... 249 Car.2, c. 3) 1934 United Hospitals Act s. 4 ...... 632 (23 & 25 Geo. 5) ..... 74 1831 Truck Act (1 & 2 Will. 4, LawReform c. 37) ...... 470 (Miscellaneous 1837 Wills Act (7 Will4 & 1 Provisions) (24 & Vict, c. 26) 25 Geo. 5, c.41) s. 9 ...... 680 s. 1 ...... 126 1852 Pharmacy Act (15 & 16 1935 Law Reform (Married Vict.) ...... 537 Warnen and Tort- 1861 Offences Against the feasors) Act (25 & Person Act (24 & 25 26 Geo. 5, c. 30) ... 120, Vict., c. 100) ... 148, 686 121, 124 s. 58 ...... 686, 691 1936 Public Health Act (26 s. 59 ...... 686, 691, 692 Geo. 5 & 1 Edn 8, 1875 Public Health Act (38 & c. 49) 39 Vict., c. 55) s. 203 ...... 649 s. 265 ...... 48, 49,550 Voluntary Hospitals 1891 Stamp Act (54 & 55 (Paying Patients) Vict., c. 39) Act .. 5, 73,621, 633, 639 Sched. 1...... 641 s. 2 ...... 634 1925 Trustee Act (15 & 16 s. 3...... 621, 634 Geo. 5, c. 20) s. 4 (c) ...... 635 s. 1 ...... 607 s. 6 (2) ...... 635 s. 61 ...... 78, 79 1937 Factaries Act (1 Edw. 8 1929 Infant Life (Preservation) & 1 Geo. 6, c. 67) Act (19 & 20 Geo. 5, s. 157 ...... 49, 612 c. 34) ...... 686 Liverpool United s. 1 ...... 689 Hospital Act (1 1933 Pharmacy and Poisons Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6) .. 74 Act (23 & 24 Geo. 5, 1938 Royal Sheffield c. 25) Infirmary and s. 19 ...... 537 Hospital Act (1 & 2 1933 Children and Young Geo. 6) ...... 74 Persans Act (23 & 1939 Limitation Act (2 & 3 24 Geo. 5, c. 12) ..... 152 Geo. 6, c. 21) Table of statutes li

s. 2 (1) ...... 125 Law Reform (Personal ss. 11, 12 ...... 127 lnjuries) Act (11 & ss. 20, 22 ...... 605 12 Geo. 6, c. 41) ..... 553 s. 26 ...... 126 National Assistance 1945 LawReform (Amendment) Act (Contributory s. 1 ...... 870 Negligence) Act 1952 Hypnotism Act (15 & 16 (8 & 9 Geo. 6, c. 28) .. 199 Geo. 6 & 1 Eliz. 2, s. 1 (1) ...... 561 c. 46) 1946 National Health Service s. 5 ...... 232 Act (9 & 10 Geo. 6, 1953 Births and Deaths c. 81) ...... 7, 9, 18, Registration Act 21, 74, 77, 113 (1 & 2 Eliz. 2, c. 20) s. 3 (1) ...... 112 s. 2 ...... 647 (b)(c) ...... 112 s. 3A ...... 648 s. 5 ...... 383 ss. 4, 6, 7 ...... 648 s. 6 ...... 5 s. 10A ...... 649 (1) ...... 3 s. 11 ...... 648, 679 (3) ...... 77 (3) ...... 648 (4) ...... 8 s. 13 ...... 649 s. 7 ...... 5, 386, 615 s. 15 ...... 675 (2) ...... 614 s. 16 (3) ...... 649 s. 59 ...... 386, 603, 618 (i) ...... 650 s. 60 ...... 386, 603 s. 17 (3) ...... 650 (1) ...... 611 s.19 ...... 650 (2) ...... 612 s. 22 ...... 651 s. 66 ...... 491 s. 72 ...... 49 (1) ...... 675 s. 78 (1)(c) ...... 77 s. 23 ...... 651 1947 National Health Service s. 24 ...... 650 (Scotland) Act (10 (5) ...... 651, 670 & 11 Geo. 6, c. 27) s. 41 ...... 647, 677 s. 6 (4) ...... 8, 613 1954 Pharmacy Act (2 & 3 s. 70 ...... 49 Eliz. 2, c. 61) ...... 537 Crown Proceedings Act s. 6 (1), (2) ...... 537 (10 & 11 Geo. 6, 1956 Medical Act (4 & 5 Eliz. c. 44) ...... 12 2, c. 76) ...... 521, 653 s. 10 ...... 12 1957 Homicide Act (5 Eliz. 2, s.11 ...... 12 c. 11) 1948 National Assistance Act s. 2 ...... 781 (11 & 12 Geo. 6, Nurses Agencies Act c. 29) (5 & 6 Eliz. 2., c. 16) s. 47 ...... 341, 870 s. 1 ...... 516,517 s. 48 ...... 338, 339 s. 2 (1) ...... 517, 518 s. 49 ...... 339 (2) ...... 517, 518 lii Table of statutes

(3), (4), (5) ...... 518 s. 5 ...... 720 (6) (7) ...... 518 s. 6 ...... 723, 724 s. 3 ...... 519 (1) ...... 725 s. 4 ························ 519 s. 7 ...... 723, 724, 725 (7) ...... 519 (1) ...... 721 s. 7 ...... 517 (2) ...... 721 s. 8 ...... 516 s. 8(1)--(6) ...... 722, 724 Occupiers' Liability Act s. 9 ...... 724 (5 & 6 Eliz. 2, c. 31) .. 161, s. 10 ...... 724 316, 332, 338 s. 11 (1) ...... 724 s. 1 (3) ...... 334 s. llB ...... 725 s. 2...... 324, 551 s. llC ...... 726 (1) ...... 317 s. 12 ...... 724 (2) ...... 317, 319 (4), (6), (9) ...... 725 (3) ...... 318, 319, 320 s. 14 ...... 720 (4) ··················· 321 Charities Act (c. 58) ..... 606 (a) ...... 318 s. 6 ...... 596 (5) ...... 318 s.l3 ...... 598 s. 3 ...... 321, 322 s. 14 ...... 598, 599, 600 s. 4 ...... 322 s. 15 ...... 598 s. 5 ...... 322 s. 18(4) ...... 600 1958 Public Records Act (6 & s. 29 ...... 80 7 Eliz. 2, c. 51) s. 32 ...... 594 s. 3 (1)-(7) ...... 385 (2) ...... 595 s. 6 ...... 389 s. 34 ...... 597 s. 9 (2) ...... 389 s. 46 ...... 620 5. 10 ...... 385 Professions Sched. 1...... 383 Supplementary to para. 3(1) ...... 385 Medicine Act (c. 66) 1959 Mental Health Act (7 & s. 1 (1) ...... 539 8 Eliz. 2, c. 72) ...... 70, s. 4 ...... 549 263, 732, 802 (1), (2) ...... 540 s. 96 ...... 856 Public Bodies s. 99 ...... 856 (Admission to s. 128 ...... 841, 852 Meetings) Act s. 139 ...... 841 (c. 67) ...... 22 s. 141 ...... 851 s. 1 (2) ...... 23 1960 Occupiers' Liability 1961 Factaries Act (c.34) (Scotland) Act s. 175 ...... 578 (c. 30) ...... 326 s. 175 (1) ...... 579 Radioactive Substances (l)(a) ...... 580 Act (c. 34) ...... 719 (2) ...... 579 s. 1 (1) ...... 723 (8) ...... 579 s. 3 ...... 720, 723 Human Tissue Act s. 4 ...... 720 (c. 54) Table of statutes liü

s. 1...... 651, 663, 670 1968 Race Relations Act (1) ... 653, 654, 655, 663 (c. 71) ...... 451 (2) ...... 654, 655, 663 1968 Medicines Act (c. 67) ... 178, (4) ...... 653 697,707 (7) ...... 654 s. 4 ...... 698 s. 2 (1) ...... 651 s. 7 ...... 699, 727 (2) ...... 671 s. 8 ...... 699 Trustees Investments Act (1), (2) ...... 700 (c. 62) ...... 74, 597 s. 9 ...... 701, 702 s. 1 ...... 672 s. 10 ...... 701, 702, 718 (2) ...... 674 ss. 11-17 ...... 701, 702 (4) ...... 673 s. 24 (1) ...... 699 (5), (6), (7) ...... 673, 674 s. 31 ...... 289, 703, 704 (8) ...... 674 (3)(b) ...... 703 s. 2 (2) ...... 674 ss. 32-39 ...... 289 1963 Offices, Shopsand s. 51 ...... 705 Railway Premises s. 52 ...... 705 Act (c. 41) ...... 581 s. 55 (1)(b) ...... 718 s. 1 (3) ...... 581 s. 58 ...... 705 1964 Drugs (Prevention of (2)(b) ...... 706 Misuse) Act (c. 64) ... 706 s. 60 ...... 705 Criminal Procedure ss. 70-72 ...... 705 (Insanity) Act (c. s. 74 ...... 705 84) ...... 787 s. 75 ...... 705 s. 5 (1)(c) ...... 786 s. 107 (1) ...... 699 1965 Dangeraus Drugs Act (2) ...... 699 (c. 15) ...... 706 1967 Criminal Law Act (c. 58) s. 130 ...... 698 s. 5 ...... 396 (2) ...... 698 Abortion Act (c. 87) ...... 260 s. 131 ...... 719 s. 1...... 250, 686, 687, 691 (c) ...... 708 (3) ...... 91 s. 132 (1) .... 701, 717, 727 s. 2 ...... 687 s. 135 (2) ...... 720 s. 3 ...... 687, 680 1969 Employers' Liability s. 4...... 688, 802 (Defective s. 5 ...... 688 Equipment) 1968 Civil Evidence Act Act (c. 37) ...... 556, 562 (c. 64) ...... 152 Medical Act (c.40) ..... 521, 528 Health Services and Family Law Reform Act Public Health Act (c. 46) (c. 46) s. 8...... 242, 243 ss. 64, 65 ...... 37 s. 8 (3) ...... 244, 282 s. 66 (1) ...... 51 s. 14 (1), (2) ...... 336 Medicines Act (c. 67) Children and Young s. 78 ...... 537 PersonsAct(c. 54) ... 249 liv Table of statutes

Employers' Liability (2) ...... 397 (Compulsory Defective Premises Act Insurance) Act (c. 35) ...... 316 (c. 57) ...... 588 s. 4 ...... 322, 330 s. 1 ...... 563 Contracts of Employment s. 3 (1) ...... 562 Act (c. 53) ...... 461 (e) ...... 563 Poisons Act(c. 66) ...... 715 1970 Administration of s. 3 ...... 715, 716 Justice Act (c. 31) (2)(b) ...... 716 s. 31 ...... 135 Local Govemment Act s. 32 ...... 142 (c. 70) Local Authorities (Goods ss. 100A-100D ...... 47 and Services) Act Sched.29 (c. 39) para. 30 ...... 517 s. 1 (5) ...... 36 1973 Matrimonial Causes Act s. 2 ...... 21 (c. 18) ...... 853 s. 12 (2) ...... 36 Guardianship Act Equal Pay Act (c. 41) ... 451, (c. 29) 459 s. 1 (1), (3) ...... 247 ss. 1, 2 ...... 456 National Health Service s. 3 ...... 457 Reorganisation Act s. 6 ...... 514 (c. 32) .... 18, 32, 461, 594 Radiological Protedion s. 2 ...... 21 Act (c. 46) ...... 719 (2) ...... 112 s. 1 ...... 720 s. 23 ...... 614, 615 1971 Guardianship of Minors s. 24 ...... 386, 614, 615 Act (c. 3) ...... 680 (2) ...... 386 Misuse of Drugs Act s. 25 ...... 615, 616, 386 (c. 38) ...... 706 s. 26 ...... 386 s. 2 (1)(b) ...... 346 s. 27 (2) ...... 615 s. 10 ...... 711 s. 29 (1) ...... 617 s. 37 (1) ...... 711 s. 30 ...... 614 Sched.2 s. 40 ...... 724 Pt. 1 ...... 346 Powers of Criminal Fire Precautions Act Courts Act (c. 62) (c. 40) ...... 331, 588 ss. 2, 3 ...... 788, 789 1972 Superannuation Act 1974 Health and Safety at (c. 11) Work, etc. Act s. 10 ...... 467 (c. 37) ...... 330 Road Traffic Act (c. 20) s. 1 ...... 584 ss. 7, 8 ...... 232 s. 2 ...... 585 s. 8 (2)(b) ...... 233 s. 5 ...... 330 s. 8 (4), (5) ...... 234 s. 33 ...... 330 s. 9 (2), (7) ...... 234 ss. 47, 48 ...... 330 s. 168 ...... 397 s. 53 (1) ...... 330 Table of statutes lv

Rehabilitation of s.11 ...... 56 Offenders Act s. 13 ...... 56, 463 (c. 53) ...... 438 s. 14 ...... 56 1975 Social Security Act s.19(1) ...... 32 (c. 14) (2)(a)...... 32 1975 Sex Discrimination Act (3)...... 33 (c. 65) ..... 422, 451, 452 s. 20 ...... 38, 39,40 s. 1 (1)(b)(i), (ii) ...... 459 s. 21 ...... 34 s. 4 ...... 422 s. 22 (1) ...... 33, 34 s. 6 (1)(A) ...... 453 (2), (4) ...... 34 s. 7 ························ 453 s.23 (1) ...... 36 s. 78 ...... 422 (2)(b)...... 37 Children Act (c. 72) (3)-(5) ...... 36 s. 92 ...... 648 s. 25 ...... 38 s. 108 (1)(a) ...... 647 s. 26 (1) ...... 34 Sched.3 (1)(b)...... 35 para. 13 ...... 647 (2) ...... 35 1976 Congenital Disabilities (3) ...... 34 (Civil Liability) Act (b), (c)...... 35 (c. 28) ...... 132 s. 27 (2), (3), (4)...... 35 s. 1...... 189, 190 s.28 (1) ...... 35 (1), (3) ...... 191 s. 28A ...... 37, 38 (5) ...... 192 s. 28B ...... 38 (6) ...... 191 s. 62 ...... 38 s. 4 ...... 190, 191 s. 63 ...... 628 Race Relations Act s. 64 ...... 627 (c. 74) ...... 451, 452, 454 s. 65 .... 118, 334, 383, 385, 1977 National Health Service 388,628,635 Act (c. 49) ...... 3, 6, 7, (1) ...... 383 12, 13, 18, 21, 47, 423, s. 66 ...... 118, . . . .383 591,609 5.72 ...... 629 Pt. V ...... 302 s. 77 (1) ...... 630 s. !...... 19, 153 s. 78 ...... 630 (2) ...... 18 (1) ·················· 629 s. 2 ...... 19, 153 (A) ...... 629 s. 3 ...... 19, 153,154 s. 79 ...... 630 (1) ...... 112 s. 85 ...... 47, 468 5.4 ...... 6,714 s. 86 ...... 47 (1) ...... 11 . . . . s. 88 ...... 7, 8, 9 s. 5 (1) ...... 19 s. 90 ...... 386, 620 (b) ..... ··········. 20 s. 91 ...... 386, 611 (2) ...... 20, 38 (2) ...... 612 s. 7 ························ 627 s. 92 ...... 616 s. 8 ...... 21, 22, 24, 50 s. 93 ...... 615 s. 9 ...... 21,24 (2) ·················· 614 lvi Table of statutes

s. 94 ...... 615 paras.l(l), 2, 3, 4... 32 s. 95 ...... 386 para. 5 ...... 32, 33 (2) ...... 617 Sched. 7 ...... 39 s. 96A ...... 51, 606 Sched. 8 ...... 34 s. 97 ...... 50 Sched. 12 (l)(c) ...... 50 para. 1...... 630

(2) ...... 00000000000 50 para. 2 ...... 629, 630 (6) ...... 50 Sched. 13 ...... 304 (7) ...... 50 para. 13 ...... 630

s. 98 (1) ... 0 0 00 000 00 0 0 0 00 0 595 Pt. I ...... 312-315 . . . .

ss. 106, 107 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 303 Sched. 14

s. 109 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 303, 308 para. 6 ...... 77 s. 110 ...... 303 Unfair Contract Terms

s. 111 (1) 00 ••• 00 0 0 0 00 00 0 0 308 Act (c. 50) ...... 324, 327, 334 (2) ...... 309 s. 2 ...... 559 s. 112 ...... 310,311 1978 Medical Act (c. 12) ...... 521

s. 113 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 303, 312 National Health Service

(1) 00 ••• 00 0 0 0 00 000 0 307 (Scotland) Act s. 114 (1) ...... 311,312 (c. 29) (2) ...... 312 Sched.5

s. 115 000 0 0 00 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 303, 308 paras. 7, 8 ...... 491 s. 116 ...... llO, 303 Employment Protedion

(1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 304, 305 (Consolidation) Act

(2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 304, 305 (c. 44) ..... 425, 426, 567

s. 117 0 00 00 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 309, 312 Pt. VI...... 447

s. 120 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 303 s. 4A ...... 429 s. 121 ...... 627 s. 5 ...... 462 s. 124 ...... 649 s. 7 ...... 441

(2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 649' 668 s.lO ...... 494

(4), (5) .. 00 0 0 00 000 649 ss. ll, 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 s. 125 .... 48, 49, 69,550, 620 s. 27 ...... 427 s. 128 ...... 2, 92 s. 28 ...... 428

(1) ················ 36 s. 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 493, 566 Sched.3 (1) ...... 428

para. l1 ...... 490 (4) 00 0 0 ••• 0 0 •• 493, 566 Sched.5 s.31A ...... 497

Pt. I...... 22 s. 49 00000000000000000000000 429

para. 1(2) ...... 22. . . s. 55 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 Pt. III ...... 461 s. 60 ...... 440 para. 9 ...... 50 (!) ...... 439 paras.2-5...... 24 s. 61 ...... 421 para. 10 ...... 462, 491 s. 73 ...... 434

(3) ...... 463 s. 74 (1) 0 000 0 0000 0 000 0 0 000 447 para. l1 ...... 462 s. lll ...... 450 Sched.6 s. 112 ...... 513,514 Table of statutes lvii

s. 153 (1) ...... 421 s. 10 ...... 407 Sched. 4 ...... 450 Supreme Court Act 1979 Alcoholic Liquor Duties (c. 54) ...... 373 Act (c. 4) s. 33 ...... 142, 143 s. 7 ...... 640 (2) ..... 135, 139, 140 Capital Gains Tax Act s. 34 ...... 142, 143 (c. 14) (1) ...... 142 Nurses, Midwives and (2) ...... 141, 142 Health Visitors Act s. 35 (1) ...... 138, 144 (c. 36) ...... 541 Armed Forces Act s. 10 ...... 809 (c. 55) (1) ...... 541 s. 28 (2) ...... 12 s. 11 (2) ...... 542 1983 Representation of the (3) ...... 542 People Act (c. 2) s. 12 ...... 548 s. 7 (1) ...... 847 5.14 ...... 547 (4) ...... 847 s. 23 (4) ...... 647 Mental Health Act Sched. 7 c. 20) ... 4, 6, 13, 20, 57, para. 7 ...... 647 68, 82, 130, 204, 263, para. 8 ...... 516 273,730 1980 Employment Act (c. 42) Pt. II...... 3 s. 6 ...... 436 Pt. IV .... 268, 269, 272, 575 s. 8 (2) .. ············· .... 443 s. 1 ...... 7 s. 9 (4), (5) ...... 434 (1) ...... 731 Health Services Act (2) ...... 92, 734, 747 (c. 53) ...... 20, 29 s. 2 ...... 92, 272, 732, 733, s. 4 ························ 38 736,738,740,742,743, s. 5 ························ 51 745,746-750,758,770, Sched. 1 774,780 para. 28 ...... 24 (2)(b) ...... 741 para. 39...... 33 (4) ...... 741 para. 40 ...... 38 s. 3 ..... 272, 522, 525, 532, para. 82 ...... 39 732,736,739,740,741,742, Limitation Act (c. 58) 743,745,746,747,750, s. 2 ...... 133 752-754, 758, 762, 766, s.ll ...... 574 772,774,794,799,780, (5) ...... 126 785,804,828 s.14 ...... 126 (2)(b) ...... 749 (1) ...... 129 (2)(c) ...... 750 s. 14 (3) ...... 128, 129 s. 4 ..... 743, 744, 745, 746, s. 28 (1), (6) ...... 129 774,804,814 s. 33 ...... 130 (3) ...... 522 (2), (3) ...... 130, 133 s. 5 ...... 746,804, 814 1981 Contempt of Court Act (2) ...... 732, 733, 757, (c. 49) 758,759,774,775,776 lvüi Table of statutes

(3) ...... 758 (4) ...... 740, 750 (4) ... 733,741,757,759 s. 25 ...... 534, 742, 779, (6) ...... 757, 759 780,826 s. 6 ...... 745,852 s. 26 ...... 737, 738 s. 7 ...... 770, 771, 826 s. 29 ...... 748, 826 s. 8 ...... 770, 772, 773 (4) ...... 736 ss. 9, 10 ...... 770 s. 34 (2)...... 3 s. 10 (2) ...... 531 s. 35 ...... 792, 793, 794, s. 11 (1) ...... 736 795, 797, 839 (2) ...... 740 s. 36 ...... 795, 796, 797, (3) ...... 740 804,839 (4) ...... 748, 749 (1 )(b)(ili) ...... 548 s. 37 .... 779, 780, 785, 781, (5) ·················· 741 (6) ...... 749 790, 791, 793, 799, s. 12 ...... 738, 739, 744 827, 828, 829 (2) ...... 743 s. 37 (2) ...... 782 (3) ..... 782, 783, 786 (5)(d) ...... 94, 780 (4) ...... 783, 784 (e)...... 94 (7) ...... 784 s. 13 (2) ...... 741 s. 38 ...... 797, 798, 839 s. 15 ...... 761, 762 s. 39 ...... 799 (2) ...... 532 (1) ...... 798 s. 16 ...... 765 s. 41 (3) ...... 790 (3) ...... 766 s. 41 ...... 785, 786 17 ...... 522, 523, 722, s. (5) ...... 791 750,755,760 s. 42 (1) ...... 786, 791 (3), (4) ...... 767 (2) ...... 791, 804 (5) ...... 768, 791 (3), (5) ...... 786, 791 s. 18 ...... 769, 770 s. 47 ...... 781, 799, 800 (1)(a) ...... 707 (1), (2) ...... 531 (3) ...... 773 (3) ...... 432, 531 (4) ...... 776, 791 s. 48 ...... 781, 800 s. 19 .... 773, 774, 775, 776 s. 49 ...... 800 s. 20 ...... 750, 754, 826 s. 54 ...... 537, 538 (2) ...... 750 s. 55 (1) ...... 784 (3) ...... 751 s. 56 ...... 742, 803 (4) ...... 751 s. 57 .... 804, 805, 806, 809, (b) ...... 766 810, 811, 812, 813, 814, (5), (6) ...... 751 816, 817, 861 (8) ...... 779 (2) ...... 807, 808 (9) ...... 766 (a) ...... 812 s. 21 (1)(b) ...... 532, 769 (3) ...... 808 s. 22 ...... 532, 533 s. 58 .... 804, 810, 813, 814, s. 23 ...... 94, 740, 776 816,861 (3) ...... 94 (3)(a) ...... 813 Table of statutes lix

8.59 ...... 814 s. 125 ...... 301 s. 60 ...... 814 s. 126 ...... 841 s. 61 ...... 817, 818 s. 127 ...... 841, 850 s. 62 ...... 807, 814,815, (4) ...... 842 816,817 s. 128 ...... 842 s. 63 ...... 817 (2) ...... 842 s. 66 ...... 824 s. 129 ...... 842 (1) ...... 827 s. 130 ...... 842 (d) ...... 825 s. 131 (1) ...... 732 (2) ...... 864 s. 132 ...... 731, 843, 852 s. 67 ...... 826, 827 s. 133 ...... 844 s. 68 ...... 826 s. 134 ...... 845, 847 (2) ·················· 827 (1)(b) ...... 848 s. 70 ...... 828 (2)...... 848, 849 s. 71 ...... 828 (3) ...... 848 s. 72 ...... 829, 830, 831 (6) ...... 849 (5) ...... 830 s. 135 ...... 804, 818, 819 s. 73 ...... 800, 830 (6) ...... 819 s. 74 ...... 830 s. 136 ...... 733, 804, 818 s. 78 ...... 832 819,820 s. 80 ...... 840 s. 135 ...... 733 (1) ...... 839 s. 139 ...... 850, 851, 852 s. 81 ...... 840 s. 145 ...... 3, 817,861, 862 (1) ...... 839 (1) ...... 14, 92, 94, s. 84 ...... 301-302 740,803 ss. 85, 86 ...... 840 Sched. 2 ...... 523, 524 ss. 87-89 ...... 840 Sched. 6 ...... 852 s. 94 ...... 850 Sched. 10 ...... 864 s. 96 ...... 683 Marriage Act (c. 32) (1)(e) ...... 683 s. 1 ...... 853 s. 99 ...... 339, 856 Social Security s. 102 ...... 857 Adjudications Act s. 103 ...... 858 (c. 36) s. 114 ...... 738 Sched. 6, s. 117 ...... 776, 863, 864, para. 1...... 432 866,868 Medical Act (c. 54) ...... 521 (2) ...... 865 s. 18 ...... 525, 526 s. 118 ...... 264, 741, 755 s. 19 ...... 525, 526 s. 120 ...... 301, 731, 846 s. 22 ...... 653 (1) ...... 98 s. 27 ...... 526 (b) ...... 845 s. 36 ...... 526, 527 s. 121 (4) ...... 844 s. 37 ...... 528, 529 (7) ...... 845, 849 s. 46 (1) ...... 530 (8) ...... 849 (2) ·················· 530 s. 124 ...... 864 (3) ...... 531 lx Table of statutes

s. 49 ...... 529, 530 s. 40 ...... 534 1984 Occupiers' Liability Act ss. 41-44 ...... 534 (c. 3) ...... 326 s. 45, 46 ...... 535 s. 1 ...... 327 s. 47 ...... 535 s. 2 ························ 328 s. 48 ...... 535 Anatomy Act (c. 14) .... 659, 8.55 ...... 92 670 Road Traffic Regulation s. 2 ························ 675 Act (c. 27) s. 4 (9) ...... 675 s. 112 ...... 397 s. 13 ...... 672 (2)(b) ...... 397 Public Health (Control Data Protection Act of Disease) Act c. 35) ..... 134, 138, 350, (c. 22) ...... 669 373,379 s. 10 ...... 693 s. 1 (2) ...... 350 s. 11 ················ 693, 694 (3) ...... 351 s. 12 ...... 694 (4) ··················· 353 s. 13 ...... 693, 695 (5) ··················· 352 ss. 35--36 ...... 693 (6) ...... 352 s. 37 ...... 693, 695 (a)(b) ...... 352 s. 38 ...... 693 (7), (8) ...... 351 ss. 43, 44, 45 ...... 609, s. 2 (2) ...... 356 693,695 s. 4 (1) ··················· 355 s. 46 (2) ...... 669 (3)(d) ················ 369 (5) ...... 669 s. 5 (1) ...... 355 s. 47 (1) ..... 669, 670, 694 (2) ...... 358 s. 48 ...... 694 (d) ...... 363 Registered Hornes Act (3) ··················· 358 (c. 23) ...... 3, 7 (4) ...... 355 Pts I, 11...... 83 (5) ...... 358 Pt. III ...... 98, 99 s. 7 (1) ...... 355 s. 1 ...... 83 (2) ...... 356 (4) ··················· 86 (4) ··················· 356 s. 4A ...... 85 (6)(b) ················ 356 s. 7 ························ 87 (7) ...... 356 s.15 (1) ...... 99 (9) ··················· 355 s. 20 ...... 85 s. 8 (2) ··················· 356 s. 22...... 3 s. 10 (1), (5), (6), (7), s. 22 (2), (3)...... 92 (9) ······················ 363 s. 23 (5)(b)...... 4 s. 11 (2) ...... 363 s. 23 (6) ...... 93 s. 13 ...... 356 s. 24 ...... 91 (l)(b) ...... 363 s. 38 ...... 98 s. 15 ...... 363 Dentists Act (c. 24) s. 21 ...... 364, 377 s. 26 (1) ...... ·······. 534 (2) ...... 364 s. 38 (1), (2) ...... 534 (4)(a), (b) ...... 364 Table of statutes lxi

(6), (7), (8) ...... 364 ss. 66, 67 ...... 801 s. 22 (1) ...... 368 s. 78 (1) ...... 206 (2) ...... 368 1985 Companies Act (c. 6) .... 75 (3) ...... 369 Charities Act (c. 20) (4) ·················· 368 s. 1 ...... 595 s. 23 (1) ...... 369 s. 2 ...... 600 (3) ...... 370 Hospital Complaints s. 24 (1) ...... 370 Procedure Act (2) ...... 369 (c. 42) (2)(a), (b) ...... 370 Misuse of Drugs (3) ...... 370 Regulations Act ..... 713 s. 26 (3)(a) ...... 360, 363 s. 37 (1) ...... 711 (3)(b) ...... 360 Sched. 1 s. 27 (3), (4) ...... 360 para. 2 ...... 714 s. 28 (3) ...... 361 s. 1 ...... 291 s. 29 (1) ...... 366 1986 WagesAct(c.48) ..... 470,471 s. 32 (l)(a), (b) ...... 353 s. 8 ························ 422 (2), (3) ...... 354 Social Security Act (4) ...... 354 (c. 50) (a) ...... 353 s. 22 ...... 51 s. 34 (2) ...... 367 National Health Service (5)(a), (b) ...... 361 (Amendment) Act (6) ...... 361, 362 (c. 66) (7) ...... 367 ss. 1, 2 ...... 551 (9) ...... 368 1987 Finance Act (c. 16) Sched. 1 s. 55 ...... 641 Pt. II ...... 357 AIDS (Control) Act para. 2 ...... 357 (c. 33) ...... 694 para. 3 ...... 358 Family Law Reform Act para. 4 ...... 358 (c. 42) para. 5 ...... 360 s. 18 ...... 337 para. 6 ...... 360 s. 25 ...... 649 Health and Social s. 33 (4) ...... 337 Security Act Sched. 4 ...... 337 (c. 48) ...... 629 Consumer Protection Act Sched.3 (c. 43) ...... 132, 569 paras. 15-17 ...... 39 s. 1 ...... 570 Police and Criminal s. 2 (2) ...... 570, 571 Evidence Act (c. 60) (3) ...... 571 Pt. III ...... 347 (6) ...... 571 s. 17 (l)(d) ...... 770 s. 3 ...... 572 s. 24 (4) ...... 34 s. 4 (1) ...... 573 (5) ...... 348 (c), (d), (e) ...... 574 s. 55 ...... 345, 346 s. 5 ...... 574 s. 62 (2) ...... 232 (4) ...... 570 lxii Table of statutes

s. 6 ························ 574 (c. 31) ...... 663 Crown Proceedings s. 1...... 664, 666, 674 (Armed Forces) (1), (2), (3), (4), Act...... 12 (5) ...... 664 s. 1 ························ 12 s. 2 ...... 664 1988 Income and (1) ...... 665, 666 Corporation Taxes (2) ...... 665 Act (c. 1) s. 3 ...... 666, 674 s. SOS ...... 638 s. 4 (1) ...... 663 s. SOS (3) ...... 640 s. 5 ...... 665 s. 519A ...... 638 s. 7 (2) ...... 603, 665 s. 696 ...... 640 Control of Substances Coroners Act (c. 13) Hazardous to s. 8 ...... 670 Health Regulations s. 19 ...... 651, 671 Act ...... 585 (3) ...... 671 Employment Act (c. 38) .. 461 s. 36(i) ...... 651 Children Act (c. 41) ...... 244, Sched. 3 ...... 651 680 Community Health s. 2 ...... 245 Councils (Access to s. 3 ...... 283 Information) Act (5) ...... 246 (c. 24)...... 46 ss. 5, 6 ...... 244 Access to Medical s. 8 ...... 245 Reports Act s. 33 ...... 246 (c. 28) ...... 373, 378 s. 43 (7), (8) ...... 259 Criminal Justice Act s. 100 (3), (4) ...... 243 (c. 33) Opticians Act (c. 44) ..... 538 ss. 108-117 ...... 567 s. 7(a), (b) ...... 538 Local Govemment s. 27 ...... 538 Finance Act (c. 41) s. 28 ...... 539 s. 8 ...... 641 s. 36 ...... 538 ss. 43, 45 ...... 637 1990 National Health Service s. 47 ...... 637, 638 and Community s. 59 ...... 637 Care Act (c. 19) ...... 606 Health and Medicines Pt. I ...... 301, 302 Act (c. 49) s. 2 ························ 43 s. 7 ...... 51, 552, 628 s. 3 ...... 56 (10) 383 (1) ...... 56 . . . . . Road Traffic Act (c. 52) (2) ...... 56 s. 45 ...... 625 s. 4 ...... 56, 57,58 s. 157 ...... 625, 627 s.S ...... 58,59 s. 158 ...... 624 (1) ...... 73. . . . s. 159 ...... 624 (2) ...... 70 1989 Human Organ s. 6 ...... 552 Transplants Act (2) ··················· 449 Table of statutes lxiii

s. 11 ...... 616, 617 1990 Access to Health s. 46 ...... 56 RecordsAct s. 60 ... 21, 49, 52, 65, 417, (c. 23) ..... 134, 135, 373 443,461,563,637,699, s. 1 (1) ...... 373, 374 714, 719, 723 (2)(b) ...... 375 (1) ...... 551 s. 2 ...... 373, 374 s. 61 (1) ...... 638 s. 3 (1) ...... 375, 378 National Health Service (a) ...... 374 and Community (b), (c) ...... 374 CareAct (e) ...... 374 s. 60 ...... 720 (j) ...... 375 s. 61 (3) ...... 641 (2) ...... 376, 378 s. 62 ...... 31 (3) ...... 376 s. 124 ...... 864 Sched. 2 ...... 58 (a), (b) ...... 377 para. 2 ...... 68 (5)(a), (b) ...... 376 para. 16(c) ...... 50. . s. 4 (1) ...... 374 (l)(d) ...... 48. (a), (b) ...... 378 Sched. 3 ...... 48, 69 (2) ...... 374 Sched.8 (a), (b) ...... 379 para. 1...... 563 (3) ...... 375 para. 2 ...... 52 (4) ...... 379, 380 Pt. I s. 5 (1) ...... 374 para. 4 ...... 52,. . . 53 (a) ...... 376 Pt. II, (2) ...... 374, 376 para. 18 ...... 65 (3) ...... 376 para. 23 ...... 51 (4) ...... 375 para. 25 ...... 48 (5) ··················· 376 Pt. III s. 6 (1) ...... 377 para. 19-24...... 69 (2) ...... 377, 379 Pt. IV s. 7 (1) ...... 375, 379 para. 29 ...... 68 (2), (3), (4) ...... 379 paras.30--32 ...... 69 (12) ...... 375 Sched. 9, s. 8 ...... 380 para. 18 (4) ...... 386 para. 6 ...... 68 (1) ··················· 377 (2) ...... 377, 378 para. 24 (3)(a)...... 94 Sched. 10 ...... 551 (3) ...... 377 Sched. 11 s. 10 (1) ...... 376 Pt. II s. 11 ...... 374, 375 para. 6 (1)...... 68 1990 Finance Act (c. 29) ...... 640 paras.7--8...... 66 s. 61 (3) ...... 641 para. 9 ...... 66,. . . 67 Human Fertilisation paras.l0--16 ...... 67 and Embryology paras.l7-18 ...... 68 Act (c. 37) ...... 260 lxiv Table of statutes

Environmental ss. 8, 9 ...... 789 Protedion Act Sched. 1 (c. 43) Pt. II ...... 789 s. 100 ····················· 723 1992 Nurses, Midwives and s. 102 ...... 725 Health Visitors Act s. 104 ...... 720 (c. 36) ...... 541 Sched. 5, ss. 7, 9 ...... 548 para. 9 ...... 724 Sched. 2, 1991 Registered Hornes Pt. III, (Amendment) Act para. 25 ...... 550 (c. 20) Still Birth Definition Act s. 1 ...... 84,94 s. 1 ...... 648 ss. 1, 2 ...... 86 Medicinal Products s.3 ...... 86,87 (Prescription by s. 4 ...... 94 Nurses etc.) Act .... 706 s. 5 ...... 87,96 Trade Union and s. 6 ························ 87 Labour Relations s. 9 ...... 87, 88,94 (Consolidation) Act s. 12 ...... 88 s. 70 ...... 428 s. 13 ...... 88 s.168 ...... 427 s. 14 ...... 88 s. 169 ...... 465 s. 17 ...... 89 s. 178 (2) ...... 427 s. 21 ...... 90 Social Security s. 22 ...... 91 Contributions and s. 23 ...... 87,91 Benefits Act ...... 563 (5), (6)...... 93 s. 94 ...... 563 s. 24 ...... 95 s. 1 (1) ...... 564 s. 25 ...... 88, 93, 94 s. 2 (1) ...... 564 (1)(a)...... 94 s. 94 (2) ...... 565 s. 28 ...... 95 s. 102 (1) ...... 565 s. 29 ...... 95 Taxation of Chargeahle s. 30 ...... 96 Gains Act s. 33 ...... 95 s. 256 ...... 640 s. 34 ...... 95 1993 Radioactive Substances s. 35 ...... 97,98 Act Criminal Procedure s. 1 ...... 719 (Insanity and Sched. 1...... 719 Unfitness to Plead) Trade Union Reform Act (c. 25) ...... 787, 828 and Employment Medical Qualifications Rights Act (Amendment) Act Sched. 4 ...... 426, 427 (c. 38) Charities Act s. 1 ...... 522 s. 1 ························ 592 Criminal Justice Act s.3 ...... 5,592 (c. 53) s. 4 ...... 592, 593 Table of statutes lxv s. 8, 18 ...... 592, 596 s. 36, 38 ...... 620 s. 9 ························ 596 s. 45...... 4 s. 13, 14 ...... 75, 76, 594 s. 46 ······················· 594 s. 17 ...... 74, 598 s. 69 ...... 50, 595 s. 21 ...... 592 s. 81, 82 ...... 596 s. 24 ...... 595, 607 s. 96 ...... 600 s. 26 ...... 79, 598 (3) ...... 618 s. 29 ····· ...... 79, 592, 598 s. 97 ······················· 593 s. 33 ...... 600 Sched. 1...... 592 Table of statutory instruments and rules

1930 Crematorium Order (S.I. 1966 No. Regulations (S.I. 990) ···················· 539 1930 No. 1016) 1968 Secretary of State for reg. 3 ...... 648 Soda! Services 1954 National Health Service Order (S.I. 1968 (Medical Auxiliaries) No. 729) ...... 18 Regulations (S.I. Registration of Births, 1954 No. 55) ...... 540 Deaths and 1961 Nursing Agency Marriages Regulations (S.I. Regulations (S.I. 1961 No. 1214) 1968No. 2049) ...... 647 reg. 3 ...... 517 National Health Service reg. 36 ...... 517 (V enereal Diseases) National Health Service Regulations ...... 393 (Superannuation) 1969 Transfer of Functions Regulations (S.I. (Wales) Order (S.I. 1961 No. 1441) ...... 466 1969 No. 358) ...... 18 1962 Exempt Charities Order 1970 Abrasive Wheels (S.I. 1962 No. 1341) .. 595 Regulations Professions reg. 15(1) ...... 580 Supplementary to 1971 Medicines (Application Medicine for Product Licenses (Registration and Clinical Trial Rules) (S.I. 1962 and Anima! Test No. 1765) ...... 540 Certificates) 1963 Charities (Exempted Regulations (S.I. Accounts) 1971 No. 1973) ...... 700 Regulations (S.I. 1972 Poisons Rules (S.I. 1982 1963 No. 210) ...... 50 No. 218) ...... 315 1966 Professions Medicines (Exemption Supplementary to from Licences) Medicine (Special Cases and (Orthoptists Board) Miscellaneous Table of statutory instruments and rules lxvii

Provisions) Order (S.I. Conditions of Service) 1972 No. 1200) ...... 703 Regulations (S.I. 1973 Misuse of Drugs (Safe 1974No. 2%) ...... 48 Custody) National Health Service Regulations (S.I. (Speech Therapists) 1973 No. 798) ...... 714 Regulations Misuse of Drugs (S.I. 1974 No. (Notification of and 494) ...... 463, 541 Supply to Addicts) National Health Service Regulations (S.I. (Professions 1973 No. 799) ...... 711 Supplementary to reg. 2 (2) ...... 712 Medicine) reg. 3 ...... 712 Regulations (S.I. reg. 4 ...... 713, 714 1974No. 495) ...... 463 reg. 5 ...... 714 National Health Service Isles of Scilly (National Financial (No. 2) Health Service) Regulations (S.I. Order (S.I. 1973 1974 No. 541)...... 50 No. 1935) ...... 21 Medicines (Renewal National Health Service Applications for (Community Health Licenses and Council) Certificates) Regulations (S.I. 1973 No. 2217) ...... 10 Regulations (S.I. 1974 National Health Service 1974 No. 332) ...... 700 (V enereal Diseases) General Optical Council Regulations (S.I. (Rules on the 1974 No. 29) ...... 393 Testing of Sight by reg. 2 ...... 394 Persons Training as National Health Service Ophthalmie (Amendment of Opticians) Order Trust Instruments) (S.I. 1974 No. Order (S.I. 1974 1329) ...... 538 No. 63) ...... 594 National Health Service National Health Service (Injury Benefits) (Hospital Trust Regulations (S.I. Property) (S.I. 1974 1974 No.1547) ...... 565 No. 103) ...... 614 Manpower Services National Health Service Commission (Vehides) Order (S.I. (Exemption) Order 174 No. 168) ...... 35,52 (S.I. 1974 No. 1571) National Health art. 2, Services Sched., (Remuneration and Pt. I ...... 519 lxviii Table of statutory instruments and rules

Radioactive Substances Order (S.I. 1981 Act 1948 No. 164) ...... 703 (Modifica tion) Nurses Agencies Regulations (S.I. Amendment 1974 No. 1821) ...... 720 Regulations (S.I. National Health Service 1981 No. 1574) ...... 518 (Hospital National Health Service Endowments Fund (Determination of -Distribution of Regions) Order (S.I. Assets) Order (S.I. 1981 No. 1836) ...... 22 1974 No. 1915) ...... 614 National Health Service National Health Service (Constitution of (General Medical District Health and Pharmaceutical Authorities) Order Services) (S.I. 1981 No. Regulations ...... 108 1837) ...... 24, 25 Health Authorities and arts 3-14 ...... 24 Local Authorities arts 16-20...... 25 Joint Consultative Transfer of Under• Committees takings (Protection Order ...... 34 of Employment) 1976 Charities (Exempted Regulations (S.I. Accounts) 1981 No. 1974) ...... 448 Regulations (S.I. 1982 (S.I. 1982 No. 218) 1976 No. 929) ... 50, 595 r. 25 ...... 716 Fire Precaution (Non• National Health Service Certified Factory, (Audit of Health Offices, Shopsand Authorities) Railway Premises) Regulations (S.I. Regulations ...... 584 1982 No. 277)...... 50 1979 Medicines (Exemption National Health Service from Licenses) (Appointment of (Assembly) Order Consultants) (S.I. 1979 No. 1114) Regulations (S.I. art. 2 ...... 703 1974 No. 276) ...... 462 1981 National Health Service National Health Service (Standing Advisory (Notification of Committees) Births and Deaths) Regulations (S.I. Regulations (S.I. 1981 No. 101) .... 29, 30 1987 No. 286) ...... 649 regs 3--6 ...... 30 (S.I. 1982 No. 288) ..... 50, 393 reg. 7 ...... 31 (S.I. 1982 No. 343)...... 22 Medicines (Exemption (S.I. 1982 No. 344)...... 24 from Licences) 1983 (S.I. 1983 No. 30) ...... 74 (Clinical Trials) (S.I. 1983 No. 36) ...... 24 Table of statutory instruments and rules lxix

Nurses, Midwives and Order (5.1. 1983 Health Visitors No. 892) ...... 844 (Parts of the 1984 Coroners Rules (5.1. 1984 Register) Order No. 552) ...... 671, 677 (5.1. 1983 No. 667) .. 541 rr. 7, 8, 10(2) ...... 671 Nursing and Midwifery r. 11(3) ...... 672 (EEC Recognition) r. 17 ...... 677 Order (5.1. 1983 r. 20 ...... 681 No. 884) ...... 543 r. 22 ...... 678 Nurses, Midwives and rr. 24, 25 ...... 681 Health Visitors r. 36 ·····················. 678 Rules Approval rr. 42, 43 ...... 678 Order (5.1. 1983 Residential Care Hornes No. 873) ...... 542 Regulations (5.1. (5.1. 1983 No. 921) ...... 543, 1984 No. 1345) ...... 87 544-546 reg. 35 ...... 87 Mental Health Review Nursing Hornes and Tribunal Rules (5.1. Mental Nursing 1983 No. 942) Hornes Regulations r. 3(2) ...... 832 (5.1. 1984 No. 1578) r. 8(3) ...... 800 reg. 37 ...... 102 r. 12 ...... 836 reg. 38 ...... 102 rr. 16, 17, 19 ...... 837 reg. 39 ...... 102, 103 r. 21 ...... 837 regs 10, 11 ...... 103 r. 22 ...... 838 reg. 12 ...... 103, 104 r. 31(a) ...... 825 reg. 13 ...... 104 5ched...... 833-835 . . . reg. 14 ...... 104, 105 Medicines (Products reg. 315 ...... 105 OtherThan 5ched. Il-4 ...... 106 Veterinary Drugs) Court of Protedion (Prescription Only) Rules (5.1. 1984 No. Order (5.1. 1983 2035) ··················· 855 No. 1212) 1985 Community Health arts. 5, 7 ...... 706 Councils 1983 Mental Health Regulations (5.1. (Hospital, 1935 No. 304) Guardianship and reg. 3 ...... 40 Consentto reg. 4 ...... 41 Treatment) reg. 5 ...... 41 Regulations reg. 6 ...... 42 reg. 316 ...... 806 reg. 8 ...... 42 Mental Health Act regs 9-16...... 42 Commission reg. 17 ...... 42, 43 (Establishment and reg. 18 ...... 43 Constitution) reg. 19 ...... 10, 43, 44 lxx Table of statutory instruments and rules

reg. 20 ...... 45, 46 Broadmoor Hospital reg. 21 ...... 46 Board (Functions reg. 22(1), (2) ...... 46 and Membership) Poisons (Amendment) Regulations (S.I. Rules (S.I. 1985 No. 1986 No. 2005) ...... 14 1077) ...... 715 Broadmoor Hospital Data Protedion Board (Functions Tribunal Rules (S.I. and Membership) 1985 No. 1568) ...... 356 Order (S.I. 1986 Police and Criminal No. 2006)...... 14 Evidence Act 1984 1987 Data Protection (Subject (Codes of Practice) Access (No. 1) Order (S.I. Modification) 1985 No. 1937) ...... 801 (Health) Order (S.I. Misuse of Drugs 1987 No. 1903) ...... 379 Regulations (S.I. para. 3(1) ...... 366 1985 No. 2066) para. 4(2), (3), (6) ..... 366 reg. 11 ...... 707 Sched. 1...... 366 reg. 14 (1), (2) ...... 707 1988 Anatomy Regulations reg. 15 ...... 708 (S.I. 1988 No. 44) reg. 16 ...... 709 reg. 2 ...... 660, 661 reg. 18 ...... 709 reg. 3...... 661, 662, 676 regs 19, 20 ...... 710 reg. 4 ...... 662 reg. 21 ...... 707, 710 (l)(e) ...... 675 Scheds 1-4 ...... 706, 710 1986 Dental Regulations (S.I. (2) ...... 676 1986 No. 887) ...... 535 reg. 5 ...... 662 reg. 23 ...... 535, 536 Anatomy Act 1984 reg. 27 ...... 536 (Commencement) Rampton Hospital Board Order (S.I. 1988 (Establishment and No. 81) ...... 659 Constitution) National Health Service Order (S.I. 1986 (Travelling Expenses No. 963) ...... 13 and Remission of Rampton Hospital Charges) Board (Functions Regulations (S.I. and Membership) 1988 No. 551)...... 51 Regulations (S.I. Public Health (Infectious 1986 No. 964)...... 13 Diseases) Broadmoor Hospital Regulations (S.I. Board 1988 No. 1546) (Establishment and reg. 3 ...... 693 Constitution) Sched. 2 ...... 694 Order (S.I. 1986 National Health Service No. 2004)...... 14 (Travelling Expenses Table of statutory instruments and rules lxxi

and Remission of No. 2108) ...... 674 Charges) reg. 2 ...... 666 Regulations ...... 631 HumanOrgan 1989 National Health Service Transplants (Charges to (Unrelated Overseas Visitors) Persons) Regulations (S.I. Regulations (S.I. 1989 No. 306) ...... 627 1989 No. 2480) National Health Services reg. 3 ...... 665 (Dental Charges) 1989 National Health Service Regulations (S.I. (Charges for Drugs 1989 No. 394) and Appliances) reg. 2 ...... 629 Regulations ...... 631 Boards for Special 1990 Legal Advice and Hospitals Assistance (Abolition) Order Regulations (S.I. (S.I. 1989 No. 947) .. 14 1990 No. 486) ...... 824 Special Hospitals (S.I. 1990 No. 1329) ...... 551 Service Authority Regional and District (Establishment and Health Authorities Constitution (Membership and Order) (S.I. 1989 Procedure) No. 948) ...... 14, 20 Regulations (S.I. Special Hospitals 1990 No. 1331) ... 22, 610 Service Authority (S.I. 1990 No. 1375) ...... 43 (Functions and (S.I. 1990 No. 1525)...... 20 Membership) Authorities for London Regulation (S.I. Postgraduate 1989 No. 949) ..... 14, 70 Teaching Hospitals Boards for Special Regulations (S.I. Hospitals 1990 No. 1526) ...... 20 (Abolition) Order (S.I. 1990 No. 1755) ...... 22, (S.I. 1986 No. 24,71 2007)...... 14 (S.I. 1990 No. 1756) ...... 24 para. 3...... 14 (S.I. 1990 No. 1753)...... 22 HumanOrgan (S.I. 1990 No. 2024)...... 59 Transplants regs. 3-7 ...... 60. . . . (Establishment of regs 8, 9 ...... 61 Relationship) reg. 10 ...... 62 Regulations (S.I. reg. 11...... 62 1989 No. 2017) ...... 665 reg. 12 ...... 62, . . .63 . HumanOrgan regs 13, 14...... 63 Transplants (Supply reg. 15 ...... 63, 64 of Information) regs 16--19...... 64 Regulations (1989 reg. 20 ...... 64, . . .65 . lxxii Table of statutory instruments and rules

(S.I. 1990 No. 2160) ...... 59 reg. 4 ...... 689, 690 Police and Criminal reg. 5 ...... 690 Evidence Act National Health Service (Codes of Practice) Functions (No. 2) Order (S.I. (Directions to 1990 No. 2580) ...... 801 Authorities and Welsh Common Administration Services Authority Arrangements) Constitution Order Regulations (S.I. (S.I. 1990 No. 1991 No. 554) ... 21, 25, 2647) ··················· 24 82,628, 674 1990 Regionaland District reg. 3 ...... 25 Health Authorities reg. 4 ...... 26 (Membership and reg. 5 ...... 26, 27 Procedure) reg. 6 ...... 27 Regulations...... 25 reg. 7 ...... 27, 28 Road Traffic Accidents regs 8, 9 ...... 28 (Payments for reg. 10 ...... 28

Treatment) Order .. 624 (l)(d) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 672 1991 National Health (S.I. 1991 No. 557)...... 51 (Remuneration and National Health Service Conditions of Contracts (Dispute Service) Resolution) Regulations Regulations (S.I. (S.I. 1991 No. 481) .... 47, 1991 No. 725) ...... 58 48,51,463,464,467, 1992 Registered Hornes 490,496,504,566 (Amendment) Act reg. 2 ...... 473 1991 reg. 3 ...... 469, 470 (Commencement) (1) ...... 464 Order (S.I. 1992 Abortion Regulations No. 2240) ...... 85 . . (S.I. 1991 No. 499) Rules of the Supreme reg. 3 ...... 689 Court Ord. 53 ...... 423