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'Deprived of Their Liberty'
'DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY': ENEMY PRISONERS AND THE CULTURE OF WAR IN REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA, 1775-1783 by Trenton Cole Jones A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland June, 2014 © 2014 Trenton Cole Jones All Rights Reserved Abstract Deprived of Their Liberty explores Americans' changing conceptions of legitimate wartime violence by analyzing how the revolutionaries treated their captured enemies, and by asking what their treatment can tell us about the American Revolution more broadly. I suggest that at the commencement of conflict, the revolutionary leadership sought to contain the violence of war according to the prevailing customs of warfare in Europe. These rules of war—or to phrase it differently, the cultural norms of war— emphasized restricting the violence of war to the battlefield and treating enemy prisoners humanely. Only six years later, however, captured British soldiers and seamen, as well as civilian loyalists, languished on board noisome prison ships in Massachusetts and New York, in the lead mines of Connecticut, the jails of Pennsylvania, and the camps of Virginia and Maryland, where they were deprived of their liberty and often their lives by the very government purporting to defend those inalienable rights. My dissertation explores this curious, and heretofore largely unrecognized, transformation in the revolutionaries' conduct of war by looking at the experience of captivity in American hands. Throughout the dissertation, I suggest three principal factors to account for the escalation of violence during the war. From the onset of hostilities, the revolutionaries encountered an obstinate enemy that denied them the status of legitimate combatants, labeling them as rebels and traitors. -
Moments in Time: Lithographs from the HWS Art Collection
IN TIME LITHOGRAPHS FROM THE HWS ART COLLECTION PATRICIA MATHEWS KATHRYN VAUGHN ESSAYS BY: SARA GREENLEAF TIMOTHY STARR ‘08 DIANA HAYDOCK ‘09 ANNA WAGER ‘09 BARRY SAMAHA ‘10 EMILY SAROKIN ‘10 GRAPHIC DESIGN BY: ANNE WAKEMAN ‘09 PHOTOGRAPHY BY: LAUREN LONG HOBART & WILLIAM SMITH COLLEGES 2009 MOMENTS IN TIME: LITHOGRAPHS FROM THE HWS ART COLLECTION HIS EXHIBITION IS THE FIRST IN A SERIES INTENDED TO HIGHLIGHT THE HOBART AND WILLIAM SMITH COLLEGES ART COLLECTION. THE ART COLLECTION OF HOBART TAND WILLIAM SMITH COLLEGES IS FOUNDED ON THE BELIEF THAT THE STUDY AND APPRECIATION OF ORIGINAL WORKS OF ART IS AN INDISPENSABLE PART OF A LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION. IN LIGHT OF THIS EDUCATIONAL MISSION, WE OFFERED AN INTERNSHIP FOR ONE-HALF CREDIT TO STUDENTS OF HIGH STANDING TO RESEARCH AND WRITE THE CATALOGUE ENTRIES, UNDER OUR SUPERVISION, FOR EACH OBJECT IN THE EXHIBITION. THIS GAVE STUDENTS THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN MUSEUM PRACTICE AS WELL AS TO ADD A PUBLICATION FOR THEIR RÉSUMÉ. FOR THIS FIRST EXHIBITION, WE HAVE CHOSEN TO HIGHLIGHT SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT ARTISTS IN OUR LARGE COLLECTION OF LITHOGRAPHS AS WELL AS TO HIGHLIGHT A PRINT MEDIUM THAT PLAYED AN INFLUENTIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF MODERN ART. OUR PRINT COLLECTION IS THE RICHEST AREA OF THE HWS COLLECTION, AND THIS EXHIBITION GIVES US THE OPPORTUNITY TO HIGHLIGHT SOME OF OUR MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS. ROBERT NORTH HAS BEEN ESPECIALLY GENER- OUS. IN THIS SMALL EXHIBITION ALONE, HE HAS DONATED, AMONG OTHERS, WORKS OF THE WELL-KNOWN ARTISTS ROMARE BEARDEN, GEORGE BELLOWS OF WHICH WE HAVE TWELVE, AND THOMAS HART BENTON – THE GREAT REGIONALIST ARTIST AND TEACHER OF JACKSON POLLOCK. -
Julius S. Held Papers, Ca
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt3g50355c No online items Finding aid for the Julius S. Held papers, ca. 1921-1999 Isabella Zuralski. Finding aid for the Julius S. Held 990056 1 papers, ca. 1921-1999 Descriptive Summary Title: Julius S. Held papers Date (inclusive): ca. 1918-1999 Number: 990056 Creator/Collector: Held, Julius S (Julius Samuel) Physical Description: 168 box(es)(ca. 70 lin. ft.) Repository: The Getty Research Institute Special Collections 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 1100 Los Angeles 90049-1688 [email protected] URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10020/askref (310) 440-7390 Abstract: Research papers of Julius Samuel Held, American art historian renowned for his scholarship in 16th- and 17th-century Dutch and Flemish art, expert on Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, and Rembrandt. The ca. 70 linear feet of material, dating from the mid-1920s to 1999, includes correspondence, research material for Held's writings and his teaching and lecturing activities, with extensive travel notes. Well documented is Held's advisory role in building the collection of the Museo de Arte de Ponce in Puerto Rico. A significant portion of the ca. 29 linear feet of study photographs documents Flemish and Dutch artists from the 15th to the 17th century. Request Materials: Request access to the physical materials described in this inventory through the catalog record for this collection. Click here for the access policy . Language: Collection material is in English Biographical / Historical Note The art historian Julius Samuel Held is considered one of the foremost authorities on the works of Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, and Rembrandt. -
A Comparative Analysis of Artist Prints and Print Collecting at the Imperial War Museum and Australian War M
Bold Impressions: A Comparative Analysis of Artist Prints and Print Collecting at the Imperial War Museum and Australian War Memorial Alexandra Fae Walton A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University, June 2017. © Copyright by Alexandra Fae Walton, 2017 DECLARATION PAGE I declare that this thesis has been composed solely by myself and that it has not been submitted, in whole or in part, in any previous application for a degree. Except where stated otherwise by reference or acknowledgement, the work presented is entirely my own. Acknowledgements I was inspired to write about the two print collections while working in the Art Section at the Australian War Memorial. The many striking and varied prints in that collection made me wonder about their place in that museum – it being such a special yet conservative institution in the minds of many Australians. The prints themselves always sustained my interest in the topic, but I was also fortunate to have guidance and assistance from a number of people during my research, and to make new friends. Firstly, I would like to say thank you to my supervisors: Dr Peter Londey who gave such helpful advice on all my chapters, and who saw me through the final year of the PhD; Dr Kylie Message who guided and supported me for the bulk of the project; Dr Caroline Turner who gave excellent feedback on chapters and my final oral presentation; and also Dr Sarah Scott and Roger Butler who gave good advice from a prints perspective. Thank you to Professor Joan Beaumont, Professor Helen Ennis and Professor Diane Davis from the Australian National University (ANU) for making the time to discuss my thesis with me, and for their advice. -
Portraits of Sculptors in Modernism
Konstvetenskapliga institutionen Portraits of Sculptors in Modernism Författare: Olga Grinchtein © Handledare: Karin Wahlberg Liljeström Påbyggnadskurs (C) i konstvetenskap Vårterminen 2021 ABSTRACT Institution/Ämne Uppsala universitet. Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, Konstvetenskap Författare Olga Grinchtein Titel och undertitel: Portraits of Sculptors in Modernism Engelsk titel: Portraits of Sculptors in Modernism Handledare Karin Wahlberg Liljeström Ventileringstermin: Höstterm. (år) Vårterm. (år) Sommartermin (år) 2021 The portrait of sculptor emerged in the sixteenth century, where the sitter’s occupation was indicated by his holding a statue. This thesis has focus on portraits of sculptors at the turn of 1900, which have indications of profession. 60 artworks created between 1872 and 1927 are analyzed. The goal of the thesis is to identify new facets that modernism introduced to the portraits of sculptors. The thesis covers the evolution of artistic convention in the depiction of sculptor. The comparison of portraits at the turn of 1900 with portraits of sculptors from previous epochs is included. The thesis is also a contribution to the bibliography of portraits of sculptors. 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Karin Wahlberg Liljeström for her help and advice. I also thank Linda Hinners for providing information about Annie Bergman’s portrait of Gertrud Linnea Sprinchorn. I would like to thank my mother for supporting my interest in art history. 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... -
Identity and Identification in the American Revolution
Americans on Paper: Identity and Identification in the American Revolution The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Huffman, John Michael. 2013. Americans on Paper: Identity and Identification in the American Revolution. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11181108 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Americans on Paper: Identity and Identification in the American Revolution A dissertation presented by John Michael Huffman to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2013 © 2013 John Michael Huffman All rights reserved. Advisor: Professor Joyce E. Chaplin John Michael Huffman Americans on Paper: Identity and Identification in the American Revolution Abstract The American Revolution brought with it a crisis of identification. The political divisions that fragmented American society did not distinguish adherents of the two sides in any outward way. Yet the new American governments had to identify their citizens; potential citizens themselves had to choose and prove their identities; and both sides of the war had to distinguish friend from foe. Subordinated groups who were notionally excluded from but deeply affected by the Revolutionary contest found in the same crisis new opportunity to seize control over their own identities. -
Fort Beauséjour National Park Museum CATALOGUE of EXHIBITS
CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS IN THE Fort Beauséjour National Park Museum CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS IN THE Fort Beauséjour National Park Museum PREPARED BY J. C. WEBSTER, C.M.G., M.D., D.Sc. LL.D., F.R.S.C. Member of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada HONORARY CURATOR DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND RESOURCES HON. T. A. CRERAR. Minister CHARLES CAMSELL, Deputy Minister LANDS, PARKS AND FORESTS BRANCH R. A. GIBSON, Director NATIONAL PARKS BUREAU F. H. H. WILLIAMSON, Controller OTTAWA, CANADA 43910—U FORT BEAUSËJOUR NATIONAL PARK NEW BRUNSWICK Introduction HE site of old Fort Beauséjour, located on the long ridge between the Aulac and Missaguash rivers, and over Tlooking Chignecto Bay, forms one of the most interest ing historical places in New Brunswick. The fort was originally constructed by the French between 1751 and 1755 on the orders of de la Jonquière, Governor of Canada, as a counter defence against the English Fort Lawrence, which stood on a parallel ridge about a mile and half to the south east. It derived its name from an early settler, Laurent Chatillon, surnamed Beauséjour, after whom the southern end of the ridge had been named Pointe-à-Beauséjour. In 1755, before its actual completion, Fort Beauséjour was attacked by an expedition from Boston under the com mand of Colonel the Honourable Robert Monckton. Landing at the mouth of the Missaguash river, the English force, which numbered about 2,000 New Englanders, encamped at Fort Lawrence before marching on the fort, being joined there by 300 British regulars. Following the capture of an outpost at Pont à Buot, heavy guns and mortars were landed from the boats, gun-emplacements were dug over 800 yards north of the fort, and a heavy fire was opened on the fortifi cations by the batteries. -
National Gallery of Art
National Gallery of Art FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Deborah Ziska, April 30, 2001 Press and Public Information Officer MEDIA CONTACT: Lisa Knapp, publicist (202) 842-6804 /-/<[email protected]/ "SPIRIT OF AN AGE" PRESENTS MAJOR 19TH-CENTURY GERMAN PAINTINGS SURVEY FROM ROMANTICISM TO EXPRESSIONISM OPENS JUNE 10 AT THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Washington, D.C.-One of the most significant presentations, in terms of range and quality, of 19th-century German painting ever to be shown in the United States will be on view at the National Gallery of Art, East Building, June 10 through September 3, 2001. Spirit of an Age: Nineteenth-Century Paintings from the Nationalgalerie, Berlin provides a survey of 19th-century German painting, and a history of Germany itself, through 75 of the finest works by 35 artists from the collection of the Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery), Berlin. The museum, which opened in 1876 to house the Prussian king's collection of paintings and sculpture, is currently closed for renovations as part of a larger reorganization of all Berlin's museums. In December 2001, when the museum reopens, it will display for the first time since 1939 the complete collection of work for which it was built. ("aspai David I-nednch mm ill//if ll'uulm. 182: The exhibition is made possible by the Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation. "This enlightening exhibition offers American audiences the unique opportunity to study the works of important German painters who are rarely represented in North American collections," said Earl A. Powell III, director, National Gallery of Art, Washington. -
Transgressing National Borders and Artistic Styles
ISABEL WÜNSCHE Transgressing National Borders and Artistic Styles The November Group and the International Avant-Garde in Berlin during the Interwar Period The discourse on the avant-garde, particularly in the English-speaking academic world, has traditionally focused on Paris prior to the Second World War and New York in the post-war period. More recent studies on the avant-garde movements in Central and Eastern Europe have opened up the field to a broader discourse and taken a more diversified look at the European avant-garde.1 One of the most vibrant centres of the international avant-gardes during the interwar period was Berlin. A dynamic metropolis, fraught with political as well as social tensions, the city’s social space inspired the artistic production of the avant- garde and shaped cultural exchanges between East and West. The city also provided a home for a large cultural and artistic diaspora; the artists active in Berlin in the 1920s included Alexander Archipenko, Henryk Berlewi, Béla Czóbel, László Mo- holy-Nagy, László Péri, Ivan Puni, and Arthur Segal.2 However, because of its post-Second World War status as an outpost on the frontier between East and West, the essentially Western orientation of the Cold War narratives, and a pre- dominantly formalist approach to avant-garde art, discussions of the 1920s art scene in Berlin have not extended far beyond Herwarth Walden’s Der Sturm (The Tempest) and Berlin dadaism. Influential organisations such as Die November- gruppe (The November Group) and the Internationale Vereinigung der Expres- sionisten, Futuristen und Kubisten (International Association of Expressionists, Futurists, and Cubists), later Die Abstrakten (The Abstractionists), have attracted little attention although they served as important platforms for the artistic ex- change of avant-garde artists from various national and cultural backgrounds, rep- resenting a variety of stylistic orientations and artistic expressions. -
Number Nineteen 1961
Number Nineteen 1961 JACOB EPSTEIN Portrait Mask of Mrs Epstein AUCKLAND CITY ART GALLERY QUARTERLY NUMBER NINETEEN—1961 EDITORIAL FRANCES HODGKINS (169-1947) British TWO GIRLS WITH A JUG An important activity of the art gallery is its Watercolour on Toned Paper 22 x 18ins publicity — particularly through its catalogues, Purchased 1961 periodicals and postcards. For some time we have felt that the present method of display is MAX BECKMANN (1884-1949) German inadequate. Shortly therefore, a new informa- TWO FRIENDS tion and publications desk is to be built into Lithograph 20i x 16ins the end of the print store so that the public Purchased 1961 may obtain better service. SIR JACOB EPSTEIN (1880-1959) British MRS JACOB EPSTEIN (Mask) 1916 Cover Bronze 9iins high Purchased 1961 This bronze, purchased at the close of our Ep- stein retrospective exhibition earlier this year was formerly in the collection of Mr Arnold F. Thompson, Nottingham. A further cast of this work, but with long earrings, is in the col- lection of the Manchester City Art Gallery. In his autobiography, writing of this particular work Epstein said: 'In this mask, I immedi- ately made what I think is one of my subtlest and most beautiful works. The serenity and in- ward calm are there, and from the point of view of style, the simplicity is that achieved by antique sculpture. I can recall that I worked at With the recent addition of the watercolour this mask without effort, achieving it happily, TWO GIRLS WITH A JUG, our collection of works and was pleased with the result.' by Frances Hodgkins now numbers forty- It is of interest to note that in the years im- three. -
1.5 Books Mh Ab
BOOKS & ARTS NATURE|Vol 453|1 May 2008 EXHIBITION Changing expressions Laura Spinney a kind of printmaking, and his style became ZURICH KUNSTHAUS, From his early forties, the German artist Lovis more sensitive and expressive. Corinth developed a habit of painting a self- One theme throughout his work is a fascina- portrait every year, just before his birthday. tion for flesh and the body. His interest in the In 1911, at the age of 52, he painted himself visceral took him to places other painters feared in classical style, as a knight in armour. A year to go, such as the slaughterhouse. But whereas later, he portrayed himself as Samson blinded, his early paintings celebrated nudity in biblical a picture of agony in chains and a loincloth. In scenes, his later ones dwelt on more morbid between, the artist had suffered a stroke in the aspects, including the skeleton and death. The right hemisphere of his brain. earlier works were subversive takes on the old Corinth’s style evolved so dramatically over masters, but still naturalistic; the later ones, with his career, from naturalism to impressionism to their violent brushstrokes and free use of pri- expressionism, that he defies classification and mary colours, were much more expressive. is often considered an outsider. Art historians To resolve the issue of his evolving style, some and neurologists debate whether the neuro- scholars have turned to the unbroken record of logical damage he sustained drove him to be the self-portraits. Corinth’s stroke left him with unconventional, or whether it was incidental the inability to process visuospatial information to his artistic development. -
From Dürer to Ruscha: Exceptional Works on Paper Dating from the 15Th Century on View at the National Gallery of Art, May 4–November 2, 2008
Office of Press and Public Information Fourth Street and Constitution Av enue NW Washington, DC Phone: 202-842-6353 Fax: 202-789-3044 www.nga.gov/press Release Date: April 17, 2008 From DÜrer to Ruscha: Exceptional Works on Paper Dating from the 15th Century On View at the National Gallery Of Art, May 4–November 2, 2008 pictured abov e lef t: Jean Poyet, French, c. 1445 – before 1504 The Coronation of Solomon at the Spring at Gihon, c. 1500 pen and black ink with watercolor and white heightening National Gallery of Art, Washington Patrons' Permanent Fund, 2006 pictured abov e right: Solomon Telingater, Russian, 1903 – 1969 Central Theater of the Red Army: First Cavalry, 1930 collage of photomechanical reproductions with brush and ink and gouache ov er graphite on gray –green paper National Gallery of Art, Washington Patrons' Permanent Fund, 2005 Washington, DC – Since 2003, the National Gallery of Art has acquired an exceptional group of drawings, prints, and rare illustrated books, which are the focus of the upcoming exhibition Medieval to Modern: Recent Acquisitions of Drawings, Prints, and Illustrated Books, on view May 4 through November 2, 2008, in the West Building Prints and Drawings Galleries. The 209 objects on view range from the 15th century, including one of the earliest European engravings and the first image printed in multiple colors to 21st century works by Chuck Close (b. 1940), Martin Puryear (b. 1941), Ed Ruscha (b. 1937), and Fred Wilson (b. 1954). Among the most important works exhibited will be the finest surviving drawing by Antonio Canaletto (1697–1768), The Maundy Thursday Festival before the Ducal Palace in Venice (c.