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CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Prelate - Priscillian by James Strong & John Mcclintock

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CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Prelate - Priscillian by James Strong & John Mcclintock THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY REFERENCE CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Prelate - Priscillian by James Strong & John McClintock To the Students of the Words, Works and Ways of God: Welcome to the AGES Digital Library. We trust your experience with this and other volumes in the Library fulfills our motto and vision which is our commitment to you: MAKING THE WORDS OF THE WISE AVAILABLE TO ALL — INEXPENSIVELY. AGES Software Rio, WI USA Version 1.0 © 2000 2 Prelate (Lat. praelatus, i.e. pronoted) is an ecclesiastic who has direct authority over other ecclesiastics. The term is a general one, and includes not merely bishops of various degrees, but also in Roman Catholic countries the heads of religious houses or orders and other similar ecclesiastical dignitaries. These, for the most part, are privileged to wear the insignia of the episcopal rank. In the Roman court many of the officials, although not possessing episcopal or quasi-episcopal jurisdiction, have the insignia and the title of prelate. They are of two classes-the higher, called del mantelletto (“of the little mantle”), and the secondary, called del mantellone (“of the great mantle”), from the robe which they respectively bear. The same root underlies other ecclesiastical terms in which all the clergy are on an equality, and are governed by a representative body or by the local church; prelatic and prelatical. i.e. pertaining to a prelacy or a prelate, as prelatical authority. Prelates are confined to those churches which recognize in the bishop (q.v.) a distinct and superior order of clergy. SEE PRELACY. Premare, Joseph-Henri a French Jesuit, was born about 1670 in Normandy. March 7, 1698, he embarked with several other Jesuits at La Rochelle to preach the Gospel in China. He arrived Oct. 6 at Suneian, and addressed, Feb. 17, 1699, a relation of his journey to pere La Chaise, with a descriptive notice of the countries he had visited. As soon as lie had mastered the Chinese language he made a careful study of the antiquities and literature of the country. Though he expressed some strange ideas, it cannot be denied that his erudition was considerable, and that he thoroughly knew the philosophical works of the Chinese. He died at Peking about 1735. He left, Recherches sur les Temps anterieurs a ceux dont parle le Chou-King et sur la Mythologie Chinoise, published by Deguignes in the translation of the Chou-King, by pere Gaubii, in the form of a preliminary discourse (Paris, 1770, 4to): — a number of other works, three of them in Chinese: — The Life of St. Joseph, the Lou-chou-chii, or true sense of the six classes of characters, and a small treatise on the attributes of God, inserted in the Notitia linguae sinicae, which is the best of all those composed hitherto by Europeans on this subject: — several other treatises in Latin and in French, preserved among the manuscripts of the National Library of Paris, where we find also the originals of several letters of pere Premare. Three letters of 3 this missionary were published in the Lettres edifiantes, and a fourth in the Annales encyclopediques of Klaproth. He translated also a drama, Tchao chi Kou-cul (the Orphan of the House of Chao) which furnished to Voltaire some ideas for his Orphelin de la Chine. See Lettres edifiantes, vols. 16 and 21; Catalogue de Fourmont l’aine. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Géneralé, s.v. Premice (primitiae or prima missae) is the first mass celebrated by the newly ordained priest (neomysta), with the help of an assistant. The solemnity begins thus: the new priest sings on the steps of the altar “Veni Sancte Spiritus,” performs the corresponding ovation, and then distributes the holy water, if this is prescribed by the rubrics of the day. It is an open question among the rubricists if at a premice the mass of the day or a votival mass is to be read. The probable solution of the difficulty is that, on simple Sundays and ordinary “festis duplicibus,” a votival mass may be said, such a mass being permitted on such days pro re gravi et publica, to which a premice solemnity may be said to belong; but the mass of the day must be preserved on high feasts, and on such Sundays on which votive masses are never admissible. The solemnity ends with the sacerdotal benediction, given by the new priest to the people by the imposition of hands (Lohner, Instructio practica de SS. Missae saccrificio, pt. 4:tit. 5; and Vogt, Instructio practica de Missis votivis, p. 197 sq.). The festivities connected with a premice, and not belonging directly to the ecclesiastical celebration, vary with the customs of countries and places, and are not seldom regulated by special prescriptions of the ecclesiastical authorities. Premice Sermons are discourses preached on the occasion of the first mass of an incipient priest. Their aim is to call the attention of both ecclesiastics and laymen to the dignity and importance of the sacerdotal state, and the duties which it imposes on both classes. Therefore the object of the sermon can only be some truth which relates to the clerical state: e.g. the dignity, the importance, of the priestly career; the priesthood of the Romish Church, its destination, or the duties arising from it, etc. According to the theme chosen, the sermon enlarges upon the object of the priestly functions, or the qualities, conditions, mode of action of the priesthood, or its duties and 4 beneficial influences, etc. At the end of the sermon there may be a prayer, or an exhortation to prayer. Premonstratensians or Premonstrants Picture for Premonstratensians is the name of a monastic order which was founded at Premontre (Lat. Praemomstratum), in the diocese of Laon, France, about 1120, by St. Norbert of Cleves, afterwards archbishop of Magdeburg, with a view to restore the discipline of the regular canons, which had greatly deteriorated. The order followed the rule of St. Augustine, and was confirmed by popes Honorius II and Innocent III. The ground on which the order was established was given to St. Norbert by the bishop of Laon, with the approbation of Louis the Gross, king of France, who gave the Premonstratensians a charter of privileges. The place was called Praemonstratum, because it was pretended that the Blessed Virgin herself pointed out (praemonstravit) beforehand the site for the principal house of the order. According to these legendary authorities, the members of the order were at the same time commanded to wear a white habit, and consequently the White Canons wore a white cassock and rochet and a long white cloak. The abbots never wore pontificals; and any member promoted to the cardinalate or popedom retained his habit. At the time of the founding of the order St. Norbert had thirteen companions, but as the popes and kings of France granted it many privileges, and were very liberal to the Premonstratensians, they rapidly increased, and counted among their number many persons of distinguished birth, deep piety, and great scholarship. In the early history of the order there was such strict adherence to the rule of poverty that they had nothing they could call their own but one ass, which served them to carry wood, cut down by them every morning and sent to Laon, where it was sold to purchase bread; but in a short time they received so many donations, and built so many monasteries, that thirty years after the foundation of this order they had above a hundred abbeys in France and Germany. The order has likewise given the Church a great number of archbishops and bishops. It once had 1000 abbeys and 500 nunneries (until 1273 their monasteries were double, a house of women always adjoining the convent of men), but it is now the mere skeleton of what it was. Of the sixty-five abbeys which they had in Italy not one now remains. These monks, vulgarly called White Canons, went first to England in the year 1146, where the first monastery, called 5 Newhouse, was built in Lincolnshire by Peter de Saulia, and dedicated to St. Martialif. In the reign of Edward I, when that king granted his protection to the monasteries, the Premonstratensians had twenty-seven houses in different parts of the country. They were commonly called “White Friars.” They had six monasteries in Scotland-four in Galloway, one at Dryburgh, and one at Ferne, in Ross-shire. They had also several houses in Ireland. In England their churches and conventual buildings were at Eastby, Leiston, Bayham, Wendling, and Eggleston. They were very irregular in plan, the greater portion of the minster being aisleless and the transept unimportant, as they eschewed all processions. There is a fine ruin at Ardaines, near Caen which gives a vivid illustration of the farming arrangements of the order-homely and retired lovers of the country, and enterprising farmers. The principal houses were Torre, East Dereham, and Hales Owen. They carried the almuce over the right arm; the Canons of St.Victor wore it like a tippet round the neck. See Fosbroke, Ancient Monachism (see Index); Herzog, Real-Encykl. 12:82 sq.; Helyot, Hist. des Ordres, s.v. Premord, Charles-Leonard a French priest, was born at Honfleur July 30, 1760. lie obtained in 1790 a canonry in the college of St. Honore at Paris. Deprived of it soon afterwards, he retired to England, where he began by giving French lessons. Madame de Levis-Mirepoix went with some French Benedictine nuns to establish herself at Cannington Court, and entrusted Premord with the spiritual direction of the community.
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