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Home , Daniel Nordlander, Friedrichstadt (Berlin), Hans Nielsen (actor), Joachim, Labadists, Monarchy of Denmark

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Aarestrup, Emil (1800–1856) 250, 252–254, 259 apocalypticism 55–74 absolutist (of -) – apocalyptic-chiliastic ideas 64, 66, 192 159, 160 – apocalyptic vision 68, 217 actor-network theory 285 Arabia 4, 23, 36, 310, 321, 324–326, 333, 334, Adventists 428 346–349, 354, 397 aesthetics 18, 31, 40, 42, 49, 77, 85, 172, – 26, 331, 339, 353, 416, 423, 457, 514, 256–259, 264, 266, 268, 273, 274, 302, 515, 528, 529, 532, 533, 537–539 305, 319, 321, 323, 366, 398, 453, 469, – Arabic 36, 85, 309, 311, 315, 321, 324, 326, 509, 572 353, 371, 373, 457, 503, 516, 526, 531, – aesthetics of landscape 31, 321 535–537 Africa 25, 78, 83–86, 311, 365, 369, 397, 399, Arabia Felix 334, 346–348, 354 402, 453, 559 archaeology 38, 41, 324, 325, 333, 334, 347, Aguéli, Ivan (1869–1917) 85 349–350, 353, 358, 370, 373, 389, 500, Ain Shams, Kairo (suburb) 325 502, 503, 513, 515 Akir (Nahal Ekron), 325 – biblical 324, 329, 333, 334, 349–350, 370 Al-Aqsa , 373, 457, 508 architecture 2, 47, 52, 61, 77, 82, 106, 111, 117, Ali, Mehmet (1769–1849) 29 121, 122, 172, 230, 253–255, 258, 264, allegory 3, 57, 78, 80, 219–221, 245, 249, 258, 326, 434, 493, 499, 500, 563, 567, 569 264, 361, 382, 386, 388 – architectural remnants 257 Allen, William (1770–1843) 203 Arndt, Johann (1555–1621) 65, 66, 69, 148, 149, Almqvist, Carl Jonas Love (1793–1866) 24, 42, 195, 199 49, 76, 77, 361–389, 542, 544, art 1, 8, 9, 23, 47, 48, 52, 63, 82, 87–107, 120, 546, 548 225, 228, 229, 231, 234, 238, 239, 242, altar painting/altarpiece 42, 179, 225–244, 247, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 263, 264, 263, 302, 434 270, 273, 274, 276, 281, 282, 297, Altona, 93, 127, 130, 131, 197 302–304, 317, 351, 441, 468, 494, 495, American Colony 21, 32, 33, 49, 328, 336, 337, 504–506, 508, 510, 551, 556, 563, 566, 428, 449–451, 464, 481, 487–489, 567–577 492–494, 496, 497, 500–510, 524, 533 – Art Nouveau 556, 570, 572 – Swedish-American Colony 501 – 250, 257, 260 – American Colony Photo-Department 21, 32, – decorative 568, 574, 575 49, 337, 487, 488, 492–498, 500, – folk 569, 570 503–510 – Gothic 164, 230, 240, 258 – photographic collective of 493 – Medieval 231 – painters of 503–506 – religious 48, 225, 231, 242, 270, 281 – Swedish immigrants to 194, 211, 472, 502 – Renaissance 441 Anabaptist 63, 127, 134 – Romanesque 568 Anderson, Benedict (1936–2015) 37, 387, – textile 569 388, 468 art history 1, 47, 255, 258, 505 Andreae, Johannes Valentinus (Johann Valentin) Artas, Palestine 33, 44, 332, 339, 340, 513, 517 (1568–1654) 66–69, 121, 195 – colony of 33, 339, 340 Anglicans 63, 192, 420, 480, 523, 531, 535 – valley of 33, 332, 339, 340 Ansgar (801–865), missionary and patron – village of 44, 513, 517 of 60, 386 Ashbee, Charles Robert (1863–1942) 510 anthropology 7, 31, 257, 285, 347, 366, 514, 515 assembly house 174, 177 Antichrist 43, 63, 69 Assyrian 43 apocalypse 4, 5, 75–86, 122, 196 atmosphere 96, 256–259, 263, 264, 355

Open Access. © 2021 Ragnhild Johnsrud Zorgati and Anna Bohlin, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-032 626 Index

– aesthetic 256, 257 101, 122, 123, 133, 139, 141, 143–145, – existential 257 147–151, 155, 158, 160, 161, 167, 169, 174, Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus (1790–1855) 77, 175, 177, 179, 180, 184, 190, 203, 215, 218, 374–376 236, 237, 270, 284, 285, 290, 293, 301, Auerbach, Eric (1892–1957) 37, 382, 387–388 309–321, 323–326, 331–335, 344–353, Confession 63, 119, 220, 236, 429 357–359, 363, 367, 371, 376–378, Augusta Victoria Stiftung 492–512 381–386, 388–390, 394, 396, 402, 407, (354–430), saint and 412, 413, 416, 426, 432, 434, 436, 455, Father 8, 152, 198, 386, 388 467, 468, 471, 474, 480, 486, 497, 498, Aulén, Gustaf (1879–1977) 549 500, 503, 508, 513, 517, 528, 545, 546, 563, see also quadriga , Babylonia 4, 8, 63, 70, 77, 80, 143, – allegorical interpretation of 57, 376 147, 160, 161, 196–198, 204, 209, 210, – history 22, 36, 169, 184, 332, 350, 396, 426 340, 394, 468, 473 – metaphorical interpretation of 3, 57, 142 Bang, Anton Christian (1840–1913) 140–142, – typological interpretation of 16–17, 38, 42, 144, 147, 315, 519, 520, 574 57, 133, 161, 376, 382, 388, 389, 546 Baptists 184, 193, 205 – scholar 21, 36, 310, 332, 333, 348, 513 Barth, Karl (1886–1968) 545 – societies 72 , 265, 268, 271 bibleland 33, 49, 309–328, 333, 340, 353, Beck, Vilhelm (1829–1901) 48, 216, 357–359 219–221, 223 biblical 1, 3–6, 8, 9, 15, 16, 25, 28, 33, 36, 38, bedehus [ house] 48, 163, 164, 167–173, 42, 44, 48, 49, 55–57, 59, 61, 83, 100, 111, 175–177, 180–182, 186 113, 118, 121–123, 131, 139, 140, 142–146, Bedford, Francis (1815–1894) 88, 432 148–150, 152, 155, 160, 161, 163–167, 170, Beirut, Lebanon 33, 309, 310, 326, 411, 419, 172, 173, 177, 179, 184, 185, 187, 189, 190, 420, 422, 427, 428, 505, 521 193, 195, 196, 204, 206, 209, 215, 225, Bengel, Johann Albrecht (1687–1752) 72, 196 230, 231, 236, 239, 273, 282, 287–289, , Walter (1892–1940) 37, 77, 78, 352, 292–294, 302, 309–327, 329–331, 333, 387, 388, 436 334, 340, 343–353, 355, 357, 358, 361, Bergen, Norway 129, 131, 141, 142, 146, 163, 370, 372, 376, 380, 381, 383, 386, 388, 167, 168, 171, 197, 200–201, 203, 391–399, 401, 402, 404, 406–409, 412, 280–282, 298, 299, 302, 304, 366, 399, 413, 416, 424, 426, 432, 436, 467, 471, 418, 425, 426, 478 473, 478, 486, 494, 495, 499, 501, 502, Berggren, (1790–1868) 33, 334, 355, 508, 513–515, 526, 547, 548 362, 370–374, 379 – hermeneutics 57, 148 Bernadotte af Wisborg, Elsa (1893–1996) 533 – imagery 323, 471 Beskow, Bernhard von (1796–1868) 77 – topographical metaphors 140, 142, 152 Beskow, Elsa (1874–1953) 530, 533, 534 Biblical place-names: 163, 164, 166, 170, 172, Beskow, Natanael (1865–1953) 530, 533, 544 184, 324 Bethel 72, 163, 164, 172, 178, 180, 182, 187 – Beit Shemesh 325 – educational institution 72 – Berea 165, 185 – prayer house 164, 165, 172, 178, 180, 187 – Bethania 177, 178, 182 Bethlehem, Palestine 101–105 – Bethany 163, 165, 175, 177–180, 182, 187 Bethlehem, 71, 95, 100, 165, 178, – Bethel 72, 163, 164, 172, 178, 180, 182, 187 339, 344, 381, 382, 399, 407, 408, 425, – Bethesda 165, 424 427, 432, 436, 438, 440, 443, 458, 459, – Bethlehem 71, 95, 100–104, 165, 178, 339, 500, 506, 508, 516, 519–540 344, 381, 382, 399, 407, 408, 425, 427, 3, 5, 7, 14–17, 21, 22, 24, 28, 31, 36, 38, 432, 436, 438, 440, 443, 458, 459, 500, 41, 42, 44, 49, 57, 59, 64, 70, 72, 83, 98, 506, 508, 516, 519–540, Index 627

– Bethsaida 412 Bølle, Søren (1740–1780) 127–136, 196, 197 – 143, 152, 170, 394, 395, 397, 407, botany 329, 358, 502 471, 472, 515, 516 Brandes, Georg (1842–1927) 252, 486, 489 – Capernaum 152, 178, 412 Bremer, Fredrika (1801–1865) 21, 33, 42, 45, – Carmel 33, 165, 181, 379 49, 77, 278, 332, 334, 338–342, 349, 350, – Eben-Ezer 165 358–360, 361–389, 452, 542–548 – Elim 165, 168, 169, 174, 181, 183 Britain 14, 29, 30, 293, 333, 340, 425, 481, – Emmaus 165, 178, 237 500, 520–522, 524, 529, 537, 546 – Galilee 178, 381, 382, 412, 427 – British Empire 29 – Gehenna 62, 463 – England 28, 31, 68, 70, 77, 80, 81, 88, 106, – Gethsemane 165, 303, 372, 373, 413, 424, 163, 184, 195, 201, 203, 208–210, 258, 425, 436, 498 289, 292, 293, 314, 425, 429, 434, – Hebron 165, 323, 335, 339, 524 557, 558 – Hinom(Valleyof)321,424,425,438,439,443 Buddhism 78, 85, 375 – Josaphat (Valley of) 62 Bunyan, John (1628–1688) 70, 380, 381, 432 – Judea 1, 293, 331, 350, 361, 365, 366, 380, Bygdøy, Oslo 32 382, 412 Byström, Oscar Bernadotte (1821–1909) – Nain 165, 420 274–277 – Nazareth 1, 70, 100, 152, 165, 78, 412, 420, 430, 436 Cairo, 18, 85, 419, 422, 480, 534 – Niniveh 394 calling 27, 140, 142, 228, 455, 527, 530 – Pella 165 – religious 140, 142, 228, 455, 527, 530 – Plains of Mamre 165 – political 27 – Rephidim 165 – personal 140, 228, 455, 527, 530 – Salem 70, 143, 163, 165 Calvin, Jean (1509–1564) 284, 434 – Samaria 331, 350, 412 Calvinists 61, 65 – Sarepta 165 Carl/Karl Johan, Jean Baptist Bernadotte – Saron 169, 178 (1763–1844), King of and Norway – Sharon 165, 336, 416 (r.1818–1844) 24 – Sinai 3, 4, 36, 310, 321, 324–326, 331, 333, Carl XII (1682–1718), King of Sweden 334, 357, 396, 397, 402, 432, 496, 497 (r.1697–1718) 194 – Sychem 165 cartogenealogy 281, 282–286, 289–290 – Tabor 165, 355, 420 cartography 35, 282, 285, 311, 321, 347, 380, – Tiberias 339, 344, 379, 380, 420 391, 393, 399, 406, 407 – Zoar 165 Cassian, John (360–435) 5, 6 – Mount Zion 57, 142, 146, 152, 159, 190, 207, Cathedral of , see Vor Frue kirke 265, 266, 269–271, 273, 277 Cathedral of Trondheim, see Nidarosdomen Bird, (1793–1876) 317, 318 Charles V (1500–1558), Holy Roman Emperor Birka, Viking (late 700–late 900) 386, 530, (r.1519–1556) 62 531, 544 Charles XII (1682–1719), King of Sweden Björkquist, Manfred (1884–1985) 548 (r.1697–1718) 17 Blake, Catherine (1762–1831) 81 Chicago, USA 37, 77, 324, 336, 441, 450, Blake, William (1757–1827) 7–9, 75, 76, 80, 81, 489, 502 84, 103, 104 chiliasm, chiliastic 39, 42, 55–74, 378 Blix, Elias (1836–1902) 184, 574 China 83, 85, 377 Bohlin, Torsten (1889–1950) 363, 541, 545 chorale 274–276 Böhme, Gernot (1937–) 257, 377 – choral history, see music Böhme, Jakob (1575–1624) 65, 191, 192 3, 5, 6, 15, 16, 19, 20, 29, 31, 42, 44, 47, Bojer, Johan (1872–1959) 471 48, 55, 57, 58, 60–63, 65, 69, 76, 87–107, 628 Index

113, 123, 128, 132, 133, 148, 149, 152, 155, – church music 22, 48, 265–278 158, 165, 175, 177–179, 183, 184, 187, 190, – folkekirken [people’s church] 245–247, 249, 194, 196, 198, 199, 204, 205, 207, 209, 253, 254, 256, 264 210, 212, 216, 219, 224, 225–240, 242, – parish churches 163, 245–264 243, 253, 263, 264, 271, 287, 303, 304, Church Centre [Kirkeligt centrum] 215, 221, 223 336, 340, 343, 344, 370–372, 378, 379, Church Inspection Act of 1861 245–264 388, 389, 396, 400, 405, 429, 434, 436, Church of our Lady, Copenhagen, see Vor Frue 441, 443, 454, 455, 463, 464, 485, 498, kirke 522, 546, 547, 549, 560, 567 Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem 43, – body of 47, 90, 98, 107 352, 371–374, 379, 413, 423, 424, 427, – image of 100, 230, 243, 441, 567 435, 442, 443, 451 – representation of 48, 100, 229–231 Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem 425, Christensen, Thomas (1756–1821) 93, 138, 185, 440, 443 268, 574 Collett, Camilla (1813–1895) 91 Christian liberals 16, 50, 363, 387, 388, Collin, Friedrich Eberhard (1684–1727) 148 541–550 colonialism 314, 318, 319, 462 Christian V (1646–1699), King of Denmark and – colonial expansion 37, 72, 499 Norway (r.1670–1699) 249, 415 colony 21, 25, 32, 33, 40, 49, 66, 67, 84, 109, Christian VI (1699–1746), King of Denmark and 118, 119, 189, 190, 201, 328, 335–337, 339, Norway (r.1730–1746) 127, 130, 133, 134, 363, 383, 384, 422, 428, 449–451, 455, 135, 196 456, 460–465, 472, 481–483, 485, Christian VII (1749–1808), King of Denmark and 487–494, 496, 497, 500–511, 524, 533 Norway (r.1766–1808) 90, 119 – colonists 191, 339, 451, 455, 460, 462, 464 Christianapolis, ideal city, see Andreae Comenius, Jan Amos (1592–1670) 68 Christiania/Kristiania, name of Oslo, Norway, communication theory 7 1624–1925, see Oslo community of friends, see Haugean movement Christiansfeld, Southern , Denmark 22, confessionalist state 127 40, 47, 48, 70, 87, 89–98, 100, 101, confirmation 95, 132, 157, 295, 300, 392, 416 103–107, 113, 117–125, 296–298, – law of obligatory confirmation 295 300, 363 Constantine, the Great (c.272–337), Emperor of church 2, 6, 16, 19, 20, 22, 29, 31, 39, 43, 44, Rome (r.306–337) 63, 404, 413, 423, 500 48, 52, 56, 58, 59, 61–65, 69–71, 75–77, Constantinople [Miklagard] 16, 362, 371, 396, 79–85, 87, 89, 92, 94, 95, 105, 106, 109, 551, 554–556, 560, 561–564, 569 111, 114, 115, 117–119, 121, 123, 124, 16, 27, 46, 67, 71, 169, 206, 207, 128–133, 139, 142–144, 146–149, 153, 246, 247, 565, 566 156–161, 163–171, 173–177, 179–183, 185, conventicles 64, 141, 142, 157, 174, 218 187, 189–196, 198, 200, 204, 205, 207, – Conventicle Act 141, 142, 157 208, 210–212, 213–278, 289, 292, 303, – conventicle 174 340, 344, 352, 363, 367, 371–374, 377, conversion 2, 15, 63, 66, 72, 88, 127, 139, 175, 379, 387, 388, 392, 394, 397, 404, 220, 334, 338–340, 358, 429, 513, 413–416, 418, 420, 423–429, 434, 435, 522–524 440, 442–443, 451, 453, 455, 458, 483, Copenhagen, Denmark 23, 24, 91, 100, 131, 498–500, 502, 503, 519, 520, 522, 523, 135, 136, 140, 142, 150, 192, 196, 212, 525–527, 530, 541, 542, 546–549, 215–219, 221, 224–228, 230–238, 240, 560, 567 241, 245–247, 249, 252, 255–260, 263, – church building 58, 62, 123, 157, 158, 297, 301, 302, 347, 401, 412, 453, 500, 519 161, 245, 247–250, 252–260, 262–264, Coptic Christians 43 420, 427 Covenant 3, 28, 57, 68, 143, 185, 204 – church interiors 48, 247, 250, 260 craftsmanship 119–121 Index 629

Cramer, Daniel (1568–1637) 61, 64 – poetic Edda 25 Cranach, Lukas, the Elder (1472–1553) 434 Eddelien, Heinrich (1802–1852) 230, 232–234 crusade 2, 498, 499, 540, 551, 554–558, 560, education 26, 58, 66–68, 70, 71, 100, 106, 115, 565, 567, 570, 577 121, 141, 166, 169, 170, 215, 217, 245, 281, – crusader 19, 50, 413, 419, 425, 427, 428, 285, 295–297, 305, 310, 346, 383, 391, 500, 501, 551–577 392, 409, 426, 500, 502, 516, 519–540, 542, 544, 546 Dalarna (Dalecarlia, The Dales), historical – elementary 169, 326, 418, 426, 502 province in central Sweden 21, 336, 358, – folk high school [folkehøgskole] 218, 221 449–451, 454, 455, 459, 460, 462–465, – in Moravian community 88, 93, 97, 103, 468, 475–478, 482, 483, 485, 486, 489, 296, 297 490, 496, 502 – of women/female/for girls 102, 296, 297, Dalman, Gustaf Herman (1855–1941) 500, 503, 523, 528, 531, 537 527, 529, 532, 533 – religious 169, 391 Damascus Gate, Jerusalem 365, 526 – theological 141 Damascus, Syria 331, 366, 419, 420, 422, 425, Effendi, Midhat (1844–1912) 14, 18, 26, 502 427, 524 Egypt 17, 18, 29, 38, 89, 152, 278, 309, 331, Darwin, Charles (1809–1882) 546 336, 338, 340, 341, 343, 346, 347, 357, , Christian (1692–1751) 86, 87, 113, 114 371, 373, 397, 399, 402, 406, 407, 417, David, King (r.c.1010–970 BCE; biblical) 270 419, 432, 433, 436, 451, 480, 561 deacons, deaconesses 72, 94, 95, 420, 422, Ekblad, Signe (1894–1952) 518, 521, 530–537, 521, 522, 526 539, 544 – diaconical dimension 524–525 Ekerhovd, Hordaland, Norway 163, 164, Dead Sea 160, 365, 425, 495, 497, 498 179–181 desert 4, 160, 181, 223, 350, 351, 365, 366, elementary school [folkeskolen] 169, 170, 319, 369, 393, 396–399, 407, 408, 471, 519, 326, 391, 396, 397, 399, 400, 406–408, 524, 561 418, 426, 502 devotional literature 141, 148, 165 Elkan, Sophie (1853–1921) 45, 46, 336, 451, display 13, 18–20, 24, 30, 34, 100, 122, 130, 453, 479, 480, 482, 486, 501 218, 260, 263, 312, 348, 356, 374, 376, emigrant novel 467–469, 471–475, 478, 483, 402, 477, 506, 533 484, 486, 488, 490 dissenters 176, 193 emigration 24, 49, 184, 195, 200, 201, 203, – dissident groups 189 209, 210, 336, 456, 467–469, 471–473, Drammen, Buskerud, Norway 48, 127–132, 134, 478, 479, 504 136, 137, 196, 197 empiricism 75, 76, 346 drinking horn 14 Eneman, (1676–1714) 17 – of gold 13, 17–19 Engels, Friedrich (1820–1895) 199, 222, – horn of mead 18 418, 439 Dykes, George P. (1814–1888) 206, 207 Enlightenment 15, 36, 37, 41, 42, 55, 62, 71, 75, 76, 118, 119, 125, 129, 226, 246, 312, 333, Early Modern 29, 55, 136, 144, 331, 332 340, 345, 349, 357, 434, 501, 565 Eckersberg, Christoffer Wilhelm (1783–1853) Ephphatha 165, 181 225, 226, 231, 232, 234–237, 239–242 Ephrata Cloister, Pennsylvania 70 Economy, Society of 18, 39, 194, 199, 200, epistemology 393 384, 531, 576 – epistemic regimes 15, 35, 40–42, 362, 389 ecumenicalism 363 Erasmus, Desiderius (1466–1536) 312 – ecumenical 269, 363, 533, 541 eschatology 59, 79, 204, 429, 549 Edda 24, 28, 473 ethnography 26, 493, 502, 514, 515 – prose Edda 25 ethnology 313, 347 630 Index

evangelical 29, 40, 43, 44, 97, 167, 169, 172, free churches 16, 247, 254, 429, 547 182, 183, 194, 211, 220, 246, 253, Friedrichstadt, Schleswig-, 264–266, 269, 271–273, 311, 314, 324, Germany 127, 130 327, 332, 339, 340, 358, 370, 426, 450, Frith, Francis (1822–1898) 432, 436, 437, 502, 523, 525, 545 568, 574 – evangelical revivalism 265 Frye, Northrop (1912–1991) 3, 7, 160 evolution 5, 14, 16, 18, 35–37, 42, 44, 49, 70, 71, 73, 78, 125, 135, 195, 293, 309, 312, 314, Gamond, Gatti de (Zoé Charlotte de) 315, 317, 324, 326, 327, 356, 367, 369, 377, (1806–1854) 384 378, 389, 432, 433, 474, 517, 546 garden 3–5, 60, 91, 105, 109, 133, 160, 202, Exodus 3, 28, 72, 78, 201, 319, 346, 398, 205, 286, 302, 303, 305, 309, 335, 337, 472, 479 339–341, 347, 351, 358, 385, 386, 463, Exposition Universelle, see World Exhibit 471, 473, 483, 530, 531, 544 – Garden of Eden 3, 5, 160, 205, 463, 471, 473 Falckner, Daniel (1666–1744) 191–193 – gardens of King 339 Falckner, Justus (1672–1723) 193, 194 gender 92, 121, 182, 456, 525, 531, 535, 572 Falun, Dalarna County, Sweden 448, 450, Genesis 5, 60, 78, 180, 313, 314, 323, 329, 377 455, 483 genius loci 493–511 Fesquet, Frédèric Goupil (1817–1878) 432 geography 17, 22, 27, 29, 35, 36, 72, 79, 80, fieldwork 281, 285, 301–303 82, 98, 158, 177, 179, 286, 288–290, 300, – field diaries 302 302, 309–312, 320, 321, 324, 326, 331, Filadelfia, see Philadelphia 333, 334, 347, 350, 352, 355–357, Finn, James (1806–1872), British consul in 361–390, 391–410, 412, 473 Jerusalem 33, 339, 340 – allegorical 362, 369, 370, 380, 382 flowers of Palestine/of the 328, 358 – biblical 289, 311, 320, 321, 324, 391–394, Fogelklou, Emilia (1878–1972) 543, 544 396, 398, 399, 402, 404, 406, 407, 495 folk art 569, 570 – geographical triangle 20, 24, 34, 46, 48 folkehjem/folkhemmet [the people’s home] 28, – sacred geography 29, 177–179, 286, 186, 541, 542, 548 288–290, 311, 331, 393 folkehøgskole [folk high school] 218, 221 Gerhard, Johann (1582–1637) 59–61 folkekirken/folkkyrkan [the people’s church/the German Empire 268 national church] 28, 246, 541 Germantown, Pennsylvania 70, 194 folkeskolen [elementary schools] 169, 170, 326, Germany 28, 29, 65, 68, 72, 73, 76, 77, 85, 95, 391, 396, 397, 399, 400, 406–408, 426, 502 111, 135, 136, 191–193, 195–199, 201, 202, Folkets hus [assembly house], see labour 265, 266, 268, 273, 275, 185, 295, 301, movement 313, 330, 349, 365, 494, 498, 500, 504, Folklore 28, 296, 420, 515–517 523, 527, 562, 568 – folklorists 26, 513, 516, 517, 574 Gobat, (1799–1879), Protestant bishop Forsskål, Pehr (1732–1763) 346, 347, 357 of Jerusalem (1846–1879) 33, 439, 522 Foucault, Michel (1926–1984) 40, 41, 373, Godthaab (Nuuk), 109 374, 382 Goldschmidt, Meïr Aron (1819–1887) 45 Fourier, Charles (1772–1837) 384, 385, 546 Goldziher, Ignatsius/Ignác (1850–1921) 14, 17, 27 23, 25, 28–30, 195, 203, 275, 520–522 Goodell, William (1792–1867) 317, 318 Francke, August Hermann (1663–1727) 69, 70, Gothenburg, Sweden 46, 76, 449, 534 135, 191–193, 196 Granqvist, Hilma (1890–1972) 44, 49, 501, 512, Fredericia, Southern Denmark 127, 130, 513–518 197, 219 28, 365, 395, 480, 561 Fredrick Wilhelm IV (1795–1861), King of – Greek War of Independence 30 (r.1840–1861) 30 Greenland 22, 25, 47, 90, 92, 94, 109–115 Index 631

Gregorian chant, see music Hedin, Sven (1856–1952) 21, 492, 494–498, Grieg, Edvard (1843–1907) 141, 565, 571, 572 506–510 Grundtvig, Nikolaj Fredrik Severin (1783–1872) Heidenstam, Verner von (1859–1940) 23, 450, 44, 45, 48, 214–219, 221, 223, 226, 246, 451, 453 253, 548 Heimskringla 551, 554–556, 558–564, 566–568 – Grundtvigians 215, 219–221, 246, 247, 260 Helena (c.246/248–c.330), Empress of Rome Gude, Hans (1835–1903) 25 (r. 325–330), saint 372, 423, 451, 460, 543 heritage 48, 90, 105, 115, 117–125, 135, 136, Hall, Birger Anneus (1858–1927) 413, 414, 143, 169, 187, 189, 257, 345, 353, 450, 417–428, 561 500, 506, 540 Halle, Germany 56, 70 – cultural 187 – University of 69, 192, 346 hermeneutics 6, 15, 40, 57–58, 77, 83, 117, 119, Halle 192, 196, 200 125, 148–150, 184 – Halle pietists 89, 119 – biblical 57, 148 Hallén, Harald (1884–1967) 28, 541, 542, Herold, Max (1840–1921) 266, 268–274, 547, 548 276, 277 Hamburg, Germany 72, 87, 93, 191, 197 Herrnhaag, in , Germany 91, 109, Hammar, Karl Gustav Hilding (K.G.) (1943–) 111–113, 120–123, 143 542, 544, 545, 549 Herrnhut, in Sachsen, Germany 70, 86–95, Hansen, Christian Frederik (1756–1845) 255 97–101, 105, 107, 109–113, 119–123, 135, Hansen, Constantin (1804–1880) 238, 239 154, 196, 363 Hansen, Frida (1855–1931) 551, 553, 567, Herzog, Johann Georg (1822–1909) 22, 267, 268 570–574 heterotopy 67, 69–72 Hansson, Per Albin (1885–1946) 543 Heunisch, Caspar (1620–1690) 68, 69 al-Sharif /Temple Mount/Temple Heurlin, Nils Erland (1865–1947) 82 Square 19, 20, 164, 197, 365, 366, Hieronymus, Eusebius (St. Jerome) 424, 498 (c.347–419/20) 352, 425, 427 Hardangerfjord, Norway 25, 281, 298 Hobsbawm, Eric (1917–2012) 14 Harmony Society 199 Holy Land 2, 19, 21, 22, 29–31, 34–36, 40, Hasselquist, Fredrik (1722–1752) 33, 332, 334, 42–45, 49, 72, 89, 143, 165, 170, 178, 179, 341, 343–346, 348, 349, 353–355, 357 184, 190, 205, 206, 284, 285, 288–290, Hauge, Alfred (1915–1986) 471, 472 292, 293, 310, 311, 316–318, 326, 328, Hauge, Hans Nielsen (1771–1824) 16, 21, 22, 329, 331–336, 338, 340, 341, 345, 346, 48, 135, 138, 139–161, 176, 200, 201, 203 348, 350–353, 356–359, 361–367, – community of friends 139–161, 175, 178 369–372, 374, 375, 378–380, 382, – Haugean friends 141, 156 387–389, 391–393, 396, 399, 401, 402, – Haugean movement 139–142, 144, 154 404, 411–413, 415–417, 419, 420, – Haugians 176 425–427, 431–433, 436, 437, 439, 441, Hayn, Luise von (1724–1782) 98, 106 449–466, 475, 481, 483, 484, 490, 494, heathens 25, 44, 45, 151, 219, 221, 371, 393, 496, 498–501, 504–506, 513–520, 522, 527, 558–561 527, 551, 555, 564, 577 heavenly Jerusalem 3–5,42,55,59,72,98,109, – abundance/fertility of 336 112, 113–115,117,118,122,123,135,139,140, – barrenness of 335, 336 143, 146, 150, 152–154, 156, 161, 165, 217, – flowers of 328 219, 221–223, 225, 228, 242, 253, 271, 273, – geography of 179, 288, 289, 334, 352, 357, 416,428,449,455,461,464,467,473,476 361, 378 15, 27, 28, 38, 113–115, 148, – maps of 49, 290, 311, 391, 393 205, 283, 312, 313, 315, 317, 324, 327, 339, – scholarship on 333 348, 351, 418, 471, 489, 490, 532 – scientific approach to 341–346 632 Index

Høyen, Niels Laurits (1798–1870) 234, 236, 1, 30, 39, 43, 44, 85, 159, 311, 326, 352, 237, 255–260, 264 365, 373, 422, 438, 522–524, 565 Humboldt, Alexander von (1769–1859) 35, – Islamic identity 30 285, 300 Islamicate 326 Hyltén-Cavallius, Gunnar Olof (1818–1889) 25 Israel (State of Israel) 1, 3, 4, 6, 19, 29, 32, 33, hymns 44, 47, 60, 94, 98, 101, 104, 114, 145, 57, 61, 89, 90, 143, 150, 152, 181, 165, 193, 198, 250, 251, 253, 272, 274, 204–206, 208–210, 269, 284, 285, 424, 485 290–293, 329–331, 340, 346, 349, 356, – hymn tradition 266 359, 361, 369, 380–382, 391, 393, 394, 396–398, 402, 404, 406–408, 412, 413, Ibrahim Pasha (1789–1848), Wāli of Egypt, 425, 471, 489, 490, 514, 516, 517, 520, Sudan, Syria, and 29 526, 537 Ibsen, Henrik (1828–1906) 452, 453 Istanbul 29 iconography, religious 58, 82, 225, 226, 230, Italy 365, 521 242, 480, 551 ideal city 48 Jaffa 90, 318, 336, 341, 343, 411, 415, 416, 419, Ignell, Nils (1806–1864) 363, 544 422, 429, 453, 483, 503 Illinois, USA 202, 205, 206, 208, 472, 479 James, William (1746–1794) 312 images 1, 4, 7, 23, 31, 39, 44, 59, 60, 62, 65, Jerusalem 87, 88, 90, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104, 109, – allegory 3, 57, 78, 80, 219–221, 245, 249, 114, 117, 118, 120–122, 125, 136, 137, 143, 258, 264, 361, 382, 386, 388 145, 148, 152, 160, 170, 197, 215, 216, – architectural expression of 250 218, 219, 228, 230, 237, 240, 243, 245, – imagery 23, 60, 99, 114, 136, 137, 160, 170, 249, 250, 253, 258, 265, 266, 282, 283, 215, 216, 245, 249, 250, 253, 258, 304, 284, 287, 288, 290, 303–304, 319, 323, 323, 330, 338, 350, 366, 398, 443, 467, 329,330,338,340,350,351,358,359, 468, 471–473, 486, 494, 495 366, 397, 398, 399, 408, 429, 432–441, – metaphors 1, 3–7, 9, 21, 48, 63, 88, 99, 136, 444, 445, 455–458, 467, 468, 471–474, 140, 142–146, 148, 149, 151, 152, 160, 161, 476, 480, 484, 486, 489, 494, 495, 205, 215, 216, 223, 226, 228, 240, 250, 506, 511, 513, 519, 525, 554, 556–565, 254, 302, 312, 329, 333, 347, 378, 429 567, 569 – motif 42, 225, 226, 228, 237, 240, 303, 304, – religious 136, 137, 258, 303–304 432, 452, 465, 478, 479, 554–557, 561, imago mundi [image of the world] 34, 62, 285, 563, 564, 569–573 323, 355 – New Jerusalem 3, 4, 15, 16, 41, 42, 47, 58–67, immigrants 24, 127, 189–211, 467–469, 70, 71, 75, 77–85, 87–90, 98, 106, 471–473, 475, 477, 478, 483, 484, 109–115, 122, 123, 143, 146, 147, 150, 486–488, 490, 502, 504 152–156, 165, 179, 185, 187, 189–212, 217, immigration to America 189, 201 225, 226, 230, 240, 242, 243, 245, 250, imperialism 23, 26, 375, 499, 565 253, 340, 376, 377, 382, 384, 385, 411, impurity 154, 155, 161 425, 429, 455, 468, 472–476, 544, 546 index, indexical 433, 439–445 – spiritual Jerusalem 48, 139, 156, 482 – relics 441 Jerusalemsverein zu [Jerusalem Society – signs 441, 444 of Berlin] 520, 522, 525, 528 – words 441, 444 Jesuits 16, 46, 290, 420 India 25, 70, 312–314, 323, 335, 502, 504 1, 4, 6, 8, 15, 29, 31, 43–47, 50, 63, 66, individualism 39, 134, 276 72, 149, 185, 205, 206, 209, 284, 287, – individual believer 149, 225, 227, 237 294, 331–333, 339, 340, 346, 387, 416, – inner experience of 227 422, 428, 471, 479–481, 490, 502, 515, – inwardness of belief 236 519, 522–524, 526–529, 532, 537, 538 Index 633

– Hebrew Nation/Jewish Kingdom/Jewish – history of knowledge 281, 283, 284, 286, 305 Nation 27, 28, 374, 380, 427, 489 Knudsen, Hans Julius (1812–1894) 289, 290, Joachim of Fiore (d.1202) 63, 66, 194 390, 392–396, 398, 399, 404 Jødeparagrafen [Jewish paragraph] 16 Købke, Christen (1810–1848) 237, 239 217, 284, 344, 351, 365, 508, 554, Kølle, Catharina Hermine (1788–1859) 49, 556, 560, 563 280–283, 285–291, 294–305 Jorsal (Jerusalem) 551, 557, 571, 575 Konventikelplakat, see conventicles Jorsalfare [Jerusalem traveller]; see Sigurd Jor- Koran, see salfare/the Crusader Kristiania/Christiania; name of Oslo, Norway, Josephus, Titus Flavius (37–c.100) 36, 287, 1624–1925, see Oslo 352, 371, 372, 412 Jowett, Benjamin (1817–1893) 436 Labadists 70 Jutland (Jylland), Denmark 90–92, 98, 107, 196, labour movement 185 247, 248, 260–262 Lacy, John (1664–1730) 195 Lagerlöf, Selma (1858–1940) 45, 49, 332, Kaiserwerth, Deaconess’s Institute of 335–338, 358, 428, 449–465, 467–469, (Düsseldorf) 525, 526 472–486, 488, 491, 496, 501, 510, 533, 543 Kansas, USA 472 laity 144 Karl/Carl Johan, Jean Baptist Bernadotte – lay leaders 144, 206, 207 (1763–1844), King of Sweden and Norway – lay movement 167, 168, 170, 171, 184, 191 (r.1818–1844) 24 – lay preacher 21, 48, 128, 139, 140, 176, Key, Ellen (1849–1926) 293, 543 200, 203 , Treaty of 565 – layman’s movement 165, 184–186 Kiepert, Heinrich (1818–1899) 10, 311, 321, – lay revivalist movement 246 323, 355 LandofPromise189,191,194,201,202,204,211 Kierkegaard, Søren (1813–1855) 91, 218, landscape 16, 31, 33, 42, 44, 46, 49, 91, 98, 225–229, 233, 234, 242, 246 99, 118, 136, 166, 178, 179, 184, 215, 216, Kingdom of God/Kingdom of Heaven 16, 58, 286–300, 302–305, 310, 311, 315, 63, 65, 66, 83, 92, 97, 122, 151, 159, 165, 318–321, 324–327, 330, 331–333, 338, 179, 180, 182, 205, 239, 240, 318, 326, 343–345, 351, 353, 355, 358, 361, 362, 340, 365, 384, 385, 425, 463, 541–545, 366, 367, 369, 377, 379, 380, 382, 383, 547–549 388, 389, 393, 432, 435, 436, 438, 439, Kingo, Thomas (1634–1703) 428 443, 450, 453, 455, 459, 464, 469, 474, Kirkeligt centrum [The Church Centre] 215, 221 484, 487, 494–496, 499, 509, 529, 546, Kleinow, Jørgen (1715–1751) 129–133 561, 568 Kliest (Gambold), Anna Rosina (1762–1821) – Nordic 216–219 102, 103 – of bibleland 310, 311, 320 Knorr von Rosenroth, Christian (1631–1689) Landstad, Magnus Brostrup (1802–1880) 68, 69 180, 184 knowledge 14, 15, 23, 26, 27, 35, 36, 39, 41, 45, Laocoön and His Sons (sculpture, 27 BCE–68 49, 63, 65, 67, 92, 121, 148, 157, 166, 167, CE) 8 172, 209, 237, 239, 242, 254, 273, 281–286, Larsson, Carl (1853–1919) 534 290, 295–297, 299, 300, 302, 303, 305, Larsson, Hol Lars (Lewis Larson) (1881–1958) 310, 314, 325, 340, 345, 347–350, 354, 357, 33, 494 361, 362, 373–375, 382, 388, 389, 395, Larsson, Olof Henrik (1842–1919) 502 400, 406, 408, 409, 412, 433, 463, 471, Latter Day 194, 204–211 479, 480, 484, 494, 496, 503, 548 Leade, Jane (1624–1704) 192, 197 – circulation of knowledge 281–286, 290, 295, League of Nations 14 302, 303, 305 – League of Nations Mandate for Palestine 14 634 Index

Lebanon 331, 351, 451, 520–522, 551 Malta 31 lebensläufe [spiritual autobiographies] 93, Mandate, British 14, 481, 489, 510, 520, 524, 94, 104 529, 531, 532, 534, 535, 537, 539 Leroux, Pierre Henri (1797–1871) 385 Maps 5, 22, 26, 27, 34–36, 49, 62, 80, 120, Lesseps, Ferdinand de (1805–1894) 422 121, 163, 170, 179, 280–295, 297, Levant/Levantine space 13, 17, 19, 20, 22, 29, 299–303, 305, 310, 311, 321–323, 351, 34, 309–312, 315, 317, 318, 320, 321, 326, 353, 355–358, 391, 393–409, 411, 413, 327, 330, 333, 336, 343, 346, 353, 468, 432, 545 480, 489, 496, 503, 504 – mappa mundis/mappae mundi 5, 35, 393, Levertin, Oscar (1862–1906) 45 407 liberalism 222, 387, 388, 541, 546 Maronite Churches 29 Lie, Haakon (1905–2009) 33, 329 Martensen, Hans Lassen (1808–1884) 48, Lind, Lars E. (1891–1882) 496, 500, 503, 504, 221–223, 263 505, 508, 510 Marx, Karl (1818–1883) 222, 546 Lindegren, Johan (1842–1908) 274–277 Maryland, USA 70 Linnaeus (/von Linné), Carl (1707–1778) 332, Meeting house 163, 174, 177, 186 334, 340, 341, 343, 345–350, 354, 357 – Bedehus 48, 163, 167, 168, 169, 173, 177, 181 – Linnean methodology 332, 346, 354 – Ungdomshus 186 – Linnean system 346, 347 – Folkets hus 185 – taxonomy 332, 347 – forsamlingshus 174 liturgy 2, 41, 47, 59, 97, 99, 101, 104–106, 169, Melville, Herman (1819–1891) 479, 480 217, 265, 266, 268–271, 273, 429 Meschullam, John (1799–1878) 33, 339 London 2, 3, 5, 8, 14, 15, 23, 31, 33, 34, 37, 39, 309, 331, 386 42, 69, 76, 77, 80, 81, 84, 88, 89, 92, 93, messianic 37–39, 320, 323, 386–388, 464, 501 136, 158, 159, 160, 192, 195, 197, 222, 246, – Christian messianic collective 501 289, 293, 294, 304, 310, 311, 315, 320, Methodism 429 321, 324, 331–334, 346, 352, 361, 365, Meyers, (b.1855?) 500, 502–504 366, 370, 379, 381, 385, 386, 388, 417, Meyfart, Johann Matthäus (1590–1642) 60 418, 429, 432–437, 439, 452, 458, 468, Michaelis, Johann David (1717–1791) 346–349 473, 474, 480–482, 489, 496, 515, 516, migration 48, 77, 191, 192, 202, 207, 367, 429, 522, 523, 530, 531 449, 451, 453, 456, 465 Low Church Movement 168, 169, 171, 185, 219 Miklagard, see Constantinople Lowell, Massachusetts 385 millenarianism/chiliasm 15, 29, 39, 42, 47, Lund, Johan Ludwig (1777–1867) 225, 226, 227, 55–73, 196, 331, 378, 384, 385 229, 230, 236, 240 – millenarians 15, 16, 43, 46–48, 189, 190, Luther, Martin (1483–1546) 43, 59, 63, 64, 132, 194, 195, 198, 202, 209, 211, 340 158, 220, 242, 284, 434, 519, 547 – Second Advent of Christ 15, 16, 55 Lutheran2,16,27,33,60,64,67–70, 76, 77, 87, mission 30, 31, 43, 44, 47, 50, 70, 73, 92, 93, 99,117,127,129,130,131,134,144,152, 96, 97, 109–115, 157, 160, 161, 163, 168, 159, 160, 163, 167, 169, 170, 172, 176, 177, 170–174, 176, 182, 185, 206–209, 183–185, 189, 191–196, 208, 210, 211, 220, 215–217, 219–221,246,253,313,324, 221,228,236,245,246,250,253,257,258, 333, 335, 338–340, 347, 358, 416–419, 265–269, 272, 273, 345, 348, 363, 416, 422, 422, 428, 519–521, 523–527, 529, 531, 429, 462, 498–500, 533, 537, 545–547 532, 534–538, 560 – art 258 – inner mission 73, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221, – lay movements 167, 168, 170 246, 253, 419 – state church 129, 130, 131, 167, 169, 176, – foreign mission 70 245, 547 – mission hospital 520, 527 Lysakerkretsen [The Lysaker Circle] 568 – mission school 535 Index 635

missionary/missionaries 21, 22, 31, 33, 43, 1, 8, 29, 30, 34, 42, 43, 287, 365, 373, 70, 85, 100, 109, 115, 193, 198, 203, 207, 374, 387, 413, 422, 426, 428, 457, 458, 209, 210, 309–327, 334, 339, 369, 386, 461, 463, 464, 479, 481, 502, 514, 515, 420, 422, 432, 439, 481, 503, 513, 522–524, 528, 531, 535, 537, 551, 558 519–539 Mynster, Jacob Peter (1775–1854) 221, 227 Missouri, USA 205, 206 mythology 15, 28, 45, 204, 216, 375 Moberg, Vilhelm (1898–1973) 468, 469, 471, – Nordic mythology 216 472, 474, 477, 483, 484, 486, 487 Modernity 13, 19, 26, 34, 38, 39, 41, 82, 122, Nablus 420, 422 310, 311, 314, 362, 388, 389, 407, 462, Napoleonic Wars 7, 27, 519, 565 465, 480 Nås, Dalarna 21, 25, 33, 449, 450, 456, 494, – Modernization 13, 55, 168, 263, 516 496, 502, 533 – modern mentalities 134 nation 5, 14, 18, 19, 24, 27–31, 37, 44, 45, 50, Moe, Jørgen (1813–1882) 25, 26, 567 72, 88, 92, 185, 186, 189, 209, 217–220, Monarchy, Twin 127 222, 223, 231, 246, 247, 249, 254, 257, Mongolia 78, 83, 85 264, 313, 314, 330, 340, 365, 369, 374, Moody, Dwight L. (1837–1899) 429 375, 387, 388, 409, 451, 468, 491, 525, Moravians/Moravian brothers/Moravian 548, 551–577 community 22, 40, 41, 47, 70, 87–101, – nation building 50, 185, 254, 365 103, 105, 106, 109, 112–114, 117–119, – nation state 37, 247, 249, 257 121–123, 135, 154, 174, 363, 376 – national character 186, 569, 572–574 – Moravian 22, 40, 41, 47, 70, 87–107, – national decorative art 568 109–115, 117–119, 122–125, 128, 154, 196, – national identity 23, 27, 246, 449, 452, 516, 200, 296, 297, 363, 376, 377, 386 517, 548, 554, 566 More, Thomas (1478–1535) 194 – national spirit 218 Mormonism 204–206, 210 – National Tapestries [Riksteppene] 50, 551, – Mormons 194, 204–211 553, 554, 570, 574–577 4, 202, 393, 413, 439 2, 18, 20, 24, 27, 28, 37–39, 45, Mount Carmel 33 220, 233, 254, 315, 388, 427, 468, 489, Mount Moriah 3 548, 566, 577 Mount of Olives 206, 286, 303, 321, 335, 338, – nationalist movements 27, 28 345, 364, 365, 367, 369–371, 373, 389, – nationalist myth 25, 28 413, 461, 463, 493, 498, 499 – vocational nationalism 27, 548 Mount Scopus 495, 498–501 natural sciences, see science 3, 4, 36, 310, 321, 325, 326, nature, laws of 227, 345, 357 333, 497 Nauvoo, Illinois, USA 202, 205–208, 472, 479 Mount Zion 57, 142, 146, 152, 159, 190, 207, Neuherrnhut, Greenland (Moravian 265, 266, 269–271, 273, 277 settlement) 47, 70, 87, 90, 91, 93, 105, Müller, Friedrich Max (1823–1900) 314 109, 111–114, 117, 119, 122, 123 Munch, Johan Storm (1827–1908) 413–416, New Age 75, 78, 84 423–429, 561 New Jerusalem, see Jerusalem Munthe, Gerhard (1849–1929) 551, 554–559, New Sweden, USA (Swedish Colony, 561–574 1638–1655) 25, 190 music 22, 48, 87, 94, 96, 97, 100, 101, 105, 8, 38, 143, 147, 149, 165, 178, 106, 114, 115, 171, 193, 265–277, 386, 528, 194, 215, 269, 271, 288, 289, 312, 339, 564, 565, 571, 572 353, 369, 380, 427, 473 – choral 270 New York 2, 3, 8, 9, 15, 29, 31, 39, 41–43, 66, – church music 22, 48, 265, 266, 268–277 68, 78, 79, 84, 103, 160, 167, 200, 201, – Gregorian chant 269, 272, 274 203, 204, 208, 284, 285, 293, 301, 636 Index

309–311, 313, 318, 333, 335, 348, 365, Oscarshall, Oslo 12 366, 385, 387, 400, 432, 437, 439, 457, Oslo13,18,24,33,37,46,50,127–129, 135, 458, 468, 471, 473, 477, 479–481, 489, 139–141, 145–149, 151, 152, 156–158, 493, 496, 521, 531, 548, 565 160, 163, 165–172, 174, 176, 177, New Zion 21, 48, 127–137, 197, 201, 209 184–186, 189, 201, 203, 209, 215, 216, Nicolai, Philipp (1556–1608) 60, 66 218, 245, 268, 281, 282, 285, 295–297, Nidarosdomen, Cathedral of Trondheim 575, 577 299, 304, 305, 329, 330, 332, 336, 353, Niebuhr, Carsten (1733–1815) 332, 334, 391, 394, 396, 399, 402, 404–408, 411, 346–349, 354, 357 412, 414, 415, 419, 426, 428, 429, 469, Nilsson-Tannér, Per (1904–1978) 472 474, 513, 530, 551–553, 558, 563, nonconformism 127 565–569, 577 Norberg-Schulz, Thorvald Christian – Oslo Accord 33 (1926–2000) 493 Østfold, Norway 172–174, 176, 186, 411 Nordenskjöld/Nordenskiöld, August Ottoman 13, 14, 18, 19, 23, 26, 28, 30, 34, 37, (1754–1792) 81, 84 42, 43, 46, 62, 287, 326, 331, 352, 365, Nordlander, Anders (1847–1910) 433, 501 401, 402, 480, 501, 519–528, 531, 532 Norske Billedvæveri, Det [The Norwegian Tapestry – dignitaries 13 Weaving Company] 551, 570, 572, 573 – lands 28, 29, 46, 524 Nuuk (Godthaab), Greenland 109 – pavilion 19, 20, 29, 34 – rule 14, 326, 331, 365 Occident 26, 43, 367, 369, 389 – state 30 Oftedal, Lars (1838–1900) 177–179, 184 – Sultan 29 Ohio, USA 205 Ottoman Empire 26, 28, 29, 34, 37, 46, 401, 15, 24, 44, 45, 186, 376, 467, 551, 480, 519, 521–523 556, 559 Owen, Robert (1771–1858) 199, 203, 209, 385 – old Norse 24 – old Norse mythology 15 painting 42, 100, 104–106, 225–227, 229–243, 4, 27, 38, 56, 57, 167, 178, 181, 263, 290, 297, 303, 319, 320, 378, 439, 194, 269, 271, 272, 284, 289, 314, 324, 454–456, 465, 483, 505, 506, 528, 556, 334, 347, 375, 397, 412, 424, 427, 472, 513 557, 559–563, 568, 569 Omar/Umar ibn al-Khattab, 2nd Caliph in Sunni – altar painting 42, 225–243, 263 Islam (d.644) 413, 424 – religious painting 225, 231, 234, 237, 238 onomastic, biblical 167 Palestine 14, 15, 17, 22, 29–31, 33, 34, 36, 38, Orient 23, 24, 26, 84, 309, 312, 357, 367, 369, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49, 57, 205, 217, 389, 436, 451–453, 457, 464, 465, 494, 309–311, 313, 319–327, 329–335, 513, 523 338–341, 343, 345, 346, 348, 350, 352, – Oriental congress 315 353, 355–358, 360–363, 365, 366, 369, – Oriental Studies 14, 45 371–376, 380, 391, 396, 399, 402, 404, Orientalism 23–25, 45, 46, 309, 312, 313, 317, 405, 408, 411, 412, 415, 418, 419, 422, 394, 453, 457, 464 432, 433, 436, 451, 458, 461, 480, 481, – Orientalist 13, 14, 17, 18, 22–24, 26, 38, 42, 489, 496, 498, 500–504, 506, 509, 510, 78, 83, 314, 373, 462, 475, 513, 514, 519 513–517, 519–539, 551, 560, 561 – orientalist stereotype 514 – Palestinians/Palestinian 44, 49, 310, 319, – orientalist world-view 39 336, 338, 341, 361, 379, 380, 504, orphanages 64, 111, 178, 522, 523, 525, 526 513–517, 520–522, 531, 532, 538, 539 Orthodox Church/Eastern Church 16, 29, 70 Palestine Oriental Society 515, 516 Oscar II (1829–1907), King of Sweden , France 5, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26, 29, 34, 41, (r.1872–1907) and Norway (r.1872–1905) 43, 50, 117, 293, 300, 321, 373, 417, 453, 13, 17, 519, 525, 528, 533, 576 553, 571–574 Index 637

27, 31, 46, 171, 176, 186, 246, 292, /hymns 22, 44, 47, 60, 94, 98, 101, 104, 426, 431, 541, 546, 553, 565, 574–577 114, 145, 165, 193, 198, 250, 253, 270, 272, Pentecostalism (Pentecostals) 184, 185 274, 424, 474, 485 Persia 13, 42 Puritans, Puritan 40, 68, 139, 152 Philadelphia 106, 114, 119, 135, 143, 185, 189–193, 195, 197, 199, 218, 220, 317, 432 Quadriga 5, 41, 150, see also Bible – brotherly love 119 48, 112, 159, 160, 191, 193, 201, 203, – city 119, 191 436, 462, 472, 544 – congregation 119, 185, 190, 191, 197 Quran 24, 375 philology 38, 309–327, 333, 345–348, 358, 375, 378, 389 radicalism 130, 134 – biblical 312, 315, 346–348 – radical Christians 133, 530 – colonial 309, 310 – radical groups 169 photography 49, 318, 354, 355, 431–433, 435, – radical movements 132 436, 439, 441, 444, 445, 493–511 Ramallah, Palestine 90, 422, 517 – art photography 504, 505 Rapp, Johann Georg (1757–1847) 198–200, – hand-tinted photographs 494, 495, 506, 508 202, 203 – photographer 318, 432, 435, 494–498, 500, Rappists 48 501, 503–506, 509, 510, 513 Rationalism 200, 220, 345 Pietism 47, 48, 62, 69, 70, 72, 95, 98, 112, 114, Rau, William (1855–1920) 436 135, 136, 139, 143, 191, 192, 196, 200, 226, 2, 31, 40, 42, 57, 58, 63–65, 127, 265, 266 142, 184, 190, 195, 206, 245, 247, 248, – Halle Pietism 192, 196, 200 250, 254, 257, 258, 260, 271, 272, 284, – Pietists 21, 72, 111, 119, 122, 134, 136, 150, 312, 315, 374, 434, 523, 547 189, 192, 196, 205, 215 Refsdal, Ivar (1866–1939) 392, 401, 402 – Piety 41, 64–66, 98, 99, 105, 106, 114, 115, relic 33, 338, 367, 441, 444, 560 127, 132, 135, 144, 155, 161, 182, 192, 258, representation 13, 15, 18, 26, 40–44, 48, 49, 276, 343, 350, 480 82, 100, 103, 105, 225, 229–231, 243, 284, – 135, 143, 196 288, 290, 294, 311, 318, 320, 321, 331, pilgrimage 31, 36, 55, 66, 70, 78, 136, 187, 366, 380, 382, 391, 393, 395, 399, 453, 309, 321, 324, 326, 344, 345, 348, 361, 454, 456–458, 464, 514, 554, 561, 563, 362, 365, 366, 370, 373, 374, 379, 380, 564, 567 389, 393, 394, 398, 415, 431, 435, 444, restoration 97, 204, 205, 209, 226, 255, 262, 482, 498 265, 266, 271–273, 312, 333, 485, 510 Pontoppidan, Erik (1698–1764) 132, 148, – of churches 255, 265, 266 155, 157 – in music 265 postil 145–147, 149, 151, 158 revelation 1, 33, 41, 42, 58–61, 63, 68, 77–80, prayer house [bedehus] 22, 48, 163–183, 83, 84, 89, 98, 109, 113, 122, 143, 147, 150, 185–187, 254 154, 179, 190, 192, 194, 196, 197, 198, 200, Presbytarians 317, 420, 422 204, 218, 227, 242, 317, 318, 365, 367, 416, Promised Land 19, 28, 47–50, 143, 163–187, 423, 431, 435, 444, 455, 458, 574 189, 191, 198, 206, 208, 211, 336, 350, – biblical revelation 1, 33, 41, 42, 317 352, 358, 384, 393, 398, 467, 471–474, – individual revelation 242 477, 478 – inner revelation 227 2, 34, 47, 58, 195, 523, 546 revivalism/religious awakening 16, 48, 265, Prudentius, Aurelius Prudentius Clemens 431, 454, 475 (348–c.405–413) 380 – revival of 339 Prussia 30, 70, 196, 217, 498, 499, 522, – revivalist movements/awakening 523, 524 movements 16, 38, 39, 172, 246, 363 638 Index

Ribbing, Gustaf (1862–1918) 527–530 Schick, Conrad (1822–1901) 19, 423, 424, Richardt, Christian (1831–1892) 424 503, 506 Riksteppene [Norwegian National Schjelderup, Augusta (1883–1966) 406–408 Tapestries] 50, 553 Schleiermacher, Friedrich (1768–1834) 41, Ritschl, Albrecht (1822–1889) 196, 545 197, 544 Ritter, Carl (1779–1859) 35, 36, 334, 356, 357, Schwabach, Bavaria, Germany 268 362, 367–369, 372, 373, 374–378, 389 science 2, 14, 15, 17, 18, 26, 39, 48, 49, 67, 82, rituals 7, 129, 131, 136, 155, 227, 236, 242, 247, 283, 285, 302, 305, 325, 329, 332, 333, 255, 257, 258, 320, 323, 352, 370, 560 340, 343, 347, 349, 350, 353, 357, 358, Robinson, Edward (1794–1863) 36, 310, 311, 362, 382, 389, 391, 435, 436, 514, 545, 547 320, 321, 323–327, 332–335, 344, – epistemic virtue 353, 354, 356–358 348–353, 355–357, 372 – history of 283, 353 Rock, Johan Friedrich (1678–1749) 196 – natural sciences 17, 75, 76, 300, 329, 347, Roed, Jørgen (1808–1888) 237 348, 545 Roman-/ 31, 541 Scripture, see Bible Romanticism 218, 362, 462 sculpture 8, 22, 208, 226–230, 240, 259 – Romantic Historicism 37 sectarian 142, 189, 194, 211, 456, 462 – Romanticist 252, 255, 375, 377, 382, 389 secularism 246, 254, 255, 311 Rome 160, 161, 290, 367, 394, 408 secularization 9, 13, 15, 37–40, 49, 55, 167, Rönnegård, Nils Samuel (Sam) (1893–1974) 472 171, 181, 254, 258, 541 Ronsdorf, Wuppertal, Germany 136, 143, 197, – secularized 16, 39, 50, 189, 194, 211, 245, 198, 424 315, 389, 399, 406 Rudman, Andreas (1668–1708) 193, 194 separation 26, 63, 71, 127, 129, 135, 137, 143, Runeberg, Johan Ludvig (1804–1877) 28, 77 197, 265, 369, 391, 394, 398, 456, 460 Ruskin, John (1819–1900) 258, 264, 546 – separatists 47, 48, 77, 81, 119, 129, 131, 134, Russia 27–29, 72, 85, 268, 521, 522, 524 135, 136, 189–193, 195–201, 204, 206, 211 – Russians 423, 522 settlers 89, 190, 191, 193, 206, 339, 469, Rydberg, Viktor (1828–1895) 363, 541, 544, 484, 489 546, 547 Shakers 71, 122, 194, 199, 205 Sharp, Granville (1735–1813) 84 sacrament 16, 33, 134, 144, 216, 220, 236, 242, Sibbern, Georg (1816–1901) 33 272, 273 Sicily, Italy 338, 425, 559, 560 Safed 339, 422 Sigurd Jorsalfare/the Crusader (1090–1130), saga 375–377, 382, 457, 551, 554–566, 572 King of Norway (r.1103–1130) 558–560 Said, Edward (1935–2003) 26, 309, 457 Sloopers 201, 203, 206 Saint-Simon, Henri de (1760–1825) 385, 546 Småland, Sweden 361, 380, 382–384 Salibi, Kamal (1929–2011) 324, 325 Smith, Eli (1801–1857) 310, 315, 321 Salt Lake City, Utah 206, 211 Smith, (1805–1844) 204–208 salvation history 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 19, 20, 35, 36, socialism 40, 221, 222, 362, 363, 377, 382, 38, 44, 45, 47, 55, 56, 62, 63, 65, 68, 384, 385, 388, 544, 546 69, 87, 88, 165, 250, 271, 361, 362, 373, – socialists 73, 171, 222, 385, 386, 389, 374, 377, 378, 380, 382, 387–389, 543, 544, 546 546, 548 Söderblom, Anna (1870–1955) 533 Sandemose, Aksel (1899–1965) 474 Söderblom, Nathan (1866–1931) 533, 541, 545 Sanskrit 15, 85, 312–314, 317, 326, 375 Solomon, King (c.931–c.931 BCE, r.c. 970–931 Schéele, Gustava von (1850–1925) 530 BCE; biblical) 1, 3, 6, 216, 250, 331, 339, Schéele, Knut Henning G. von (1838–1920) 341, 355, 396, 425, 498 519, 520 Spafford Vester, Bertha (1878–1968) 481, Schelling, Friedrich von (1775–1854) 377 505, 524 Index 639

Spafford, Anna (1842–1923) 21, 428, 450, 501, Struensee, Johann Friedrich (1737–1772) 119 502, 506–508, 524 Sturluson, Snorri/Snorre Sturlason (1179–1241) Spafford, Horatio (1828–1888) 336, 501, 24, 551, 554–561, 563, 564, 567 502, 524 – Snorri style [Snorrestil] 568 Spener, Philipp Jakob (1635–1705) 69, 192 survey 34, 75, 120, 121–123, 128, 170, 172, 173, Spilsbury, Jonathan (1737–1812) 104 288, 293, 324, 331, 334, 355, 358, 502 Spilsbury, Maria (1776–1820) 104 – land surveying 502 Spiritual Canaan 143, 152 Swedenborg, Emanuel (1688–1772) 41, 42, 47, spirituality 42, 76, 81, 87, 91, 103, 193, 194, 71, 75–85, 363, 376–378, 380, 383, 384 210, 227, 231, 475, 476 – Swedenborgian Congregation 77 Spiritualists 61, 63–65, 70 Swedenborgs Minneskyrka, Swedenborg State 221 Memorial Church 75, 82 State Church of Sweden 526, 541, 542, 546, 548 Swedish Jerusalem Society (SJS) 50, 519, 520, State Church of Norway 167, 169, 176 525, 538, 543, 544 State Church of Finland 16 Swedish School in Jerusalem 521, 528, 532, Stavanger, Norway 21, 148, 156, 169, 174, 175, 543, 544 177–180, 200–203, 208, 289, 298, 336, Swedish-American Colony, see American Colony 392, 424, 428, 570 Syria 17, 29, 309, 310, 335, 356, 371, 402, 411, Steen, Henrik (1874–1945) 501, 526, 527, 530 451, 496, 504, 520, 521, 522, 524, 525, Stenholm, Erik (1901–1976) 82–84 531, 561 , Sweden 13, 14, 16–18, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 33, 38, 42, 43, 45, 46, 75, 80, 82, Tableaux 18, 101, 104, 105, 300 85, 134, 135, 274, 275, 301, 332, 338, 341, Tanzimat 30 343, 358, 361, 363, 365, 366, 370, 371, Tapestry 551, 567, 569–571, 573, 574–576 373, 375–380, 383, 385, 386, 428, 431, – Baldishol 567, 569 432, 434, 436, 450–452, 455, 457, 458, – Bayeux 567 461, 468, 469, 472, 478, 493, 494–496, – National Norwegian Tapestries 498, 506, 511, 525, 528, 530, 537, 541, [Riksteppene] 50, 553 543, 544, 546–548 Tasso, Torquato (1544–1595) 374 Storjohann, Johan Cordt Harmens (1832–1914) taxonomy (Linnean) 332, 354 413, 417–420, 422, 425 Temperance Movement 185, 186 story world/s 15, 47 Temple Mount/Temple Square/Haram al- style 92, 93, 141, 185, 230, 249, 254–260, 263, Sharif 19, 164, 197, 365, 366, 424, 498 264, 271, 276, 321, 323, 395, 404, 412, Temple 1, 3, 4, 6, 19, 42, 48, 57, 61, 81, 82, 87, 500, 501, 559, 567–570, 572–574 112, 123, 139, 140, 142, 143, 145–147, – Art Nouveau 556, 570, 572 149–152, 156–161, 164, 175, 181, 197, 205, – Baroque 250, 257, 260 207, 208, 211, 216, 219, 220, 223, 229, – of church buildings 255 230, 250, 255, 265, 269–273, 277, 288, – decorative 568, 574 290, 292–294, 306, 307, 365, 366, 413, – eclectic 259 422, 424, 428, 429, 489, 506 – Gothic 230, 258–260 – Solomon’s 208, 250, 292 – Medieval 35, 230, 257, 260, 274 – temple cult 48, 265, 269, 277 – Renaissance 230, 257 – temple metaphor 149, 223 – Romanesque 258, 259, 567 – temple worship 269–271, 273 – Snorri [Snorrestil] 568 Terra Sancta 332, 341, 394 Støylen, Bernt (1858–1937) 413, 414, 417–419, theology 1, 15, 31, 40, 47, 58–60, 65, 66, 71, 423–428 72, 76, 78, 82, 85, 106, 128, 135, 139, 144, Strauss, David Friedrich (1808–1874) 544 145, 150, 160, 167, 181, 182, 184, 189, 209, Strindberg, August (1849–1912) 453 215, 227, 237, 245, 246, 268, 271, 272, 640 Index

295, 313, 411, 414, 417, 418, 426, 503, 513, – female travelers 452 533, 541–545, 548, 549 – travel literature/travelogues/travel writing 5, – critical-historicist 15, 16, 546 17, 23, 36, 40, 44, 49, 310, 315, 318–321, – Erlangen 271 323, 326, 327, 329, 332, 334, 335, 338, – liberal 71, 167, 181, 533, 541, 542, 544, 545, 343, 344, 348, 351, 353, 358, 364, 548, 549 431–433, 514 – rationalistic 227, 237, 242 Trondheim, Norway 30, 145, 182, 417, 546, 575 – supranaturalist 227, 242 Turkey 365, 433, 451 Theosophy 75, 78, 82 – Turks 63, 331, 336, 416, 423, 428, 510 Thomson, William (1806–1894) 310, 311, 317–321, 323, 325–327 Uldall, Frits (1839–1921) 255–258, 260, 263 Thorild, Thomas (1759–1808) 77 umbilicus mundi [navel of the world] 5, 62, Thorvaldsen, Bertel (1770–1844) 22, 48, 100, 364, 369, 372, 378, 389 225, 226–230, 236, 240, 426 United States 9, 29, 71, 82, 203, 333, 471, 473, Tidemann, Adolph (1814–1876) 25 474, 488, 499, 521, 525 time 1, 6–9, 13, 17, 19–21, 25, 26, 33–40, 42, , Sweden 13, 14, 17–19, 28, 43, 166, 44, 46, 47, 49, 55, 57–60, 62–64, 67–69, 173, 274, 275, 345, 347, 365, 371, 372, 71, 72, 76–78, 85, 87, 88, 92, 94–97, 99, 374, 452, 520, 521, 530, 531, 533, 537, 541 101, 103, 105–107, 111, 114, 115, 119–121, Ursprache 15, 314 130, 133, 136, 139–143, 145, 147, 150, 151, Utah, USA 20, 21, 206–208 153, 157, 158, 161, 166, 172, 181, 184, 196, Utopia 66, 67, 121, 194, 362, 386, 387, 456 205, 207, 208, 210, 217, 218, 227, 229, 247, – ideal society of Thomas Moore 67 257, 258, 263, 266, 268–270, 273, 274, – utopian communities 5, 15, 21, 49, 203 281, 283–288, 291, 295, 297, 300, 302, – utopian ideas 194, 201 310–312, 315, 317, 319, 321, 323, 324, 326, – Utopian Socialism 362, 363, 377, 384, 385, 334, 338, 339, 350, 351, 353, 355, 362, 363, 388, 546 365, 367, 369–374, 377, 384, 386–89, – utopian space 136 392–394, 396, 397, 400, 401, 404, 406–408, 411, 413–415, 418, 420, Victoria (1837–1901), Queen of England 424–429, 431, 432, 435, 444, 450, 455, (r.1837–1901) 31, 258, 303, 358, 493–496, 457, 469, 472, 475, 477, 478, 481, 484, 498, 499, 500, 509, 510 494, 496, 502, 504, 505, 513–515, 517, 519, Vienna, Austria 19, 34 526, 528, 531, 533, 534, 536, 537, 539, 542, viking 18, 191, 386, 566, 567 544, 545, 554, 556, 558, 560–563, 365, 570, vistas 355 572, 573, 575, 577 – bird’s-eye view 356 – progressive notion of 513 visual rhetoric 258, 259, 264 Topelius, Zacharias (1818–1898) 28, 548 Vogt, Volrath (1817–1889) 36, 169, 170, 332, 28 334–335, 344, 348, 350–353, 355–357, 392, tourism 282, 480, 482 394–398, 411–414, 416, 420, 424–426 tourist 335, 339, 416, 420, 453, 456, 458, 461, Vor Frue Kirke, Cathedral of Copenhagen 100 462, 465, 480, 482, 496, 503 – town plan 48, 89, 91, 92, 106, 117 119, 121, 123 Waage, Peter (1833–1900) 413, 417–419 travel 36, 42, 43, 48, 49, 90, 130, 135, 141, 197, Wadström, Carl Berhard (1746–1799) 80, 81, 84 208, 295, 301, 303, 335, 343, 347, 348, Waldenström, Paul Peter (1838–1917) 16, 49, – – 352, 362 366, 371 375, 379, 382, 384, 431–444 389, 394, 397, 398, 407, 418, 419, 425, welfare institutions 519, 523, 539 – 432, 433, 439, 444, 451 453, 456, 461, welfare projects 16, 388, 520, 542, 544, 547 482, 486, 502, 504, 517, 561 Welfare State, Scandinavian 16, 40, 50, – travelers 331, 352, 496, 501 541, 542 Index 641

Werenskiold, Erik (1855–1938) 567, 568, 574 Zimmermann, Johan Jacob (1642–1693) 191, 192 Wergeland, Henrik (1808–1845) 46, 377 Zinzendorf, Nicolaus Ludwig (1700–1760) 70, 135 Wiborg, Karsten Friis (1813–1885) 231–234, 236 Zion 4, 21, 48, 57, 58, 70, 72, 113, 114, 127, Wichern, Johann Hinrich (1808–1881) 72 128–131, 135–137, 139–161, 163–165, 167, Wigforss, Ernst (1881–1977) 546 168, 171, 179, 181, 189–191, 193, 194, 196, Wilberforce, William (1759–1833) 84 197, 201, 204–207, 209–211, 265, 266, Wilhelm II (1859–1941), Emperor of Germany 269–271, 273, 277, 335, 425, 471, 473, 500 and King of Prussia (r.1888–1918) 498, – longing for 191 499, 503, 519, 527, 562 – Lutheran congregation in America 191, 537 Wilson, Edward Livingstone (1838–1903) 436 – Mount Zion 57, 142, 146, 152, 159, 190, 207, Wittenberg, Germany 23, 192, 434 265, 266, 269–271, 273, 277 World Exhibits/World Exhibitions/World Zionism 331, 489, 500, 503, 506 Fairs 13, 18–20, 28, 29, 34 Zionites 40, 48, 130–134, 136, 197, 198 Württemberg, Germany 191, 196, 198, 200 Zwingli, Ulrich (1484–1531) 434

Young, Brigham (1801–1877) 208 youth movement 185, 186