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INDEX

Abuˉ Ma’shar, 110, 173, 175, 176, 216, 219, 259 Augustine, ix, 89, 98, 99, 100, 118, 124, 125, 143, Adam of Bremen, 239 146, 151, 158, 175, 201, 261, 262, 263, 264 Adelard of Bath, 46, 98 Averroës, 98, 187, 261 Adso of Montier-en-Der, 202, 208 Avicenna, 32, 66, 98, 110, 122, 140, 187, 206, Alain of Lille, 263 259, 262 Albertus Magnus, 161, 185–188, 205, 251 Bacon, Nicholas, 32 Albigensian Crusades, 64 Bacon, Robert, 33 alchemy, 2, 3, 48, 50, 72, 118–119, 204, 250 Bacon, Roger Alessio, Franco, 9 afterlife, 82–83, 265–267 Alexander IV, pope, 58, 130 and his superiors, 62, 70–71, 72 Alexander the Great, 48, 69, 176, 200, 204, 224, and Parisian condemnations (1277), 80 232, 248–250, 252 and Pope Clement IV, 63–72 Alexander of Hales, 37, 184–185, 186 anger, 90 Alfarabi (al-Faˉraˉbˉı), 124, 231, 259, 261 apocalypticism, 173–178, 196–198 Alfonsi, Petrus, 246 appearance, 85–86 Alfraganus (al-Farghaˉnˉı), 216 Arabic, knowledge of, 47 Alphonse of Poitiers, 64, 67, 77 as a friar, 15–16, 59–62, 126–163 Ambrose, saint, 216, 221 character and experience, 86–94 Anaxagorus, 216 collaborators, 50, 60, 69–70 Anglicus, Bartholomew, 61 Communia naturalium, 79 Anselm of Havelberg, 246 Compendium studii philosophiae, 75–78, 95, Anthony, saint, 144, 146 179, 187 Anthony of Padua, 147 Compendium studii theologiae, 11, 18, 81–82, Antichrist, 1, 27, 40, 41, 43, 51, 58, 74, 77, 78, 190 112, 113, 115, 120, 122, 150, 152, 167, 169, condemnation (putative), 3, 15–26, 80 170, 172, 173, 174, 177, 178, 181, 190, 195, criticism of the Church, 74, 75–77, 180–182, 196, 198, 199–205, 207–208, 217, 224, 229, 234–236 230, 242, 257 criticism of contemporaries, 45–47, 75–77, Apuleius, 137 97–98, 104, 178 Aquinas, Thomas, 81, 133, 187, 205 criticism of laity, 77 Aristotle, 2, 22, 36, 37, 38, 45, 48, 98, 110, 115, De multiplicatione specierum, ix, 11, 72, 105 124, 139, 166, 178, 186, 187, 201, 204, 216, De speculis comburentibus, 72 231, 252, 256, 258, 261, 262 death, 82 Aristotle, Pseudo-, 69, 118, 248–250 decision to enter Franciscan order, 52–53, Arnold of Villanova, 266 126–127 astrology, 2, 3, 48, 61, 108–113, 227–232, 251, education, 36 255, 257 experimentation, 87–88 astronomy, 61, 108–113, 204, 225, 227–232 family, 32–33, 63, 64, 71, 94

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friends, 71, 72, 82, 93–94 Clement IV, pope, 1, 3, 5, 18, 25, 32, 45, 47, 59, Greek, knowledge of, 47 63–65, 74, 78, 85, 94, 160, 196, 202, 205, Hebrew, knowledge of, 35, 47, 253 216, 217, 241, 266 in older historiography, 3–9 condemnations, Parisian 1277, 22, 79–80 in recent historiography, 9–15, 210 Crowley, Theodore, 8–9 last years, 81–82 Cyprian, 98 on Crusades, 103, 203, 204, 210, 237–242 on the Eucharist, 123–124, 136–137, 180, Daniel, E. R., 243 241, 260 De leone viridi, 19, 25 on Francis of Assisi, 171–172 Docking, Thomas, 61 on the mendicant orders, 178–198, 207 Dominic of Osma (de Guzman), 189 on mystical illumination, 153–159 Dominican order, 35, 40, 47, 58, 101, 167–168, on preaching, 103, 190–193, 234–235, 241, 189, 224 260–264 Donnio di Pietro da Traù, 24–25 on prolonging life, 117–118, 250–251 Dubois, Pierre, 240, 266 on sectae, 229–232, 256–260 on secular–mendicant quarrel, 195 Easton, Stewart, 8 on sin and temptation, 131–141 Edmund of Abingdon, 33 on species, 105–106, 137–139 Edward I, king of England, 77, 81 Opus maius, 11, 32, 72, 74, 82, 84–85, 94–125, Elias of Cortona, 20, 55 179, 194, 255, 260 Euclid, 106, 108 Opus minus, 32, 72, 75, 84, 95, 184 Eudes of Châteauroux, 44, 74 Opus tertium, 32, 70, 72, 75, 84, 93, 95, 160 period of private study, 45–50 Foulques, Gui. See Clement IV, pope Perspectiva, 81, 113–115, 266 Francis of Assisi, 14, 20, 24, 54–56, 73, 90, 125, Secretum secretorum (own edition), 79, 249 127, 133, 134, 141, 150, 157, 170, 180, 183, Summulae dialectices, 11, 82 233, 241, 243–244, 263 teaching career, 36–38, 60–61 on learning, 145–148 Bacon, Thomas, 32 Franciscan order, 35, 40, 47, 81, 101, 263 Bartholomew of Pisa, 23–24, 267 and apocalypticism, 169–171, 172–173 Bede, 202, 216 and learning, 56–57, 116, 144–151 Bernard de Verdun, 266 and Parisian condemnations (1277), 80–81 Bernard of Clairvaux, 143, 144 attitudes to Bacon, 13, 18, 20–25, 72–73, 79, Berthold of Regensburg, 192, 263 81, 266–267 Blanche of Castile, 43 Bacon’s critique of, 178–198 Boethius, 216, 231 conflict with secular masters, 57–59, 75, Bonaventure, x, 9, 28, 56, 57, 58, 62, 72, 75, 89, 167–168 133, 149, 150, 151, 154, 158, 163, 170, 171, entrance to, 129–132 183, 184, 185, 190, 191, 193, 197, 198, historiography, 13–15, 28 243, 246 history, 53–56 Bonecor, William, 63, 68, 94 missionary work, 233–234, 243–247 Boniface VIII, pope, 20, 266 Frederick II, emperor, 30, 41, 43, 77, 167, 172, 201, 235 Campanus of Novara, 49, 88 Cassiodorus, 135, 216 Gaufredi, Raymond, 19–20 Charles of Anjou, 77 Gellius, Aulus, 98 Chronica XXIV generalium ordinis minorum, 16, 17, Genghis Khan, 225 20–23, 24, 25 geography, 111–112, 213–227, 236–237 Chrysostom, John, 98 Gerard of Borgo San Donnino, 23, Church, councils of 58, 170 Lateran IV, 30, 42, 53, 191, 235 Giotto di Bondone, 73, 159 Lyons I, 41 Glaber, Rodulfus, 198 Lyons II, 78 Gratian, 246 Vatican II, 14 Gregory IX, pope, 20, 170, 198, 234 Cicero, 69, 94, 98, 124, 139, 261 Gregory X, pope, 75, 78, 240

301

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Grosseteste, Robert, 9, 25, 32, 33, 35, 41, 44, 48, Lombard, Peter, 192 49, 51, 61, 75, 76, 99, 101, 105, 115, 116, Louis IX, king of France, 38, 41, 42–43, 58, 61, 125, 126, 135, 148, 169, 172, 184, 206, 62, 64, 78, 94, 103, 198, 215, 218, 222, 235, 232, 245 238, 255, 256 Guibert of Nogent, 263 Lucan, 216 Guibert of Tournai, 61 Guillaume de St Cloud, 266 Macrobius, 216 magic, 2, 3, 49, 51, 109, 112, 205, 225 Hali, 110 magicians, 49 Haymo of Faversham, 184, 236 Maimonides, 176 Hegesippus, 216 Marsh, Adam, 9, 33, 35, 41, 50, 61, 89, 94, 99, Helmold of Bosau, 239 101, 104, 105, 126, 135, 148, 151, 162, 170, Henry III, king of England, 31–32, 62, 94 172, 181, 189, 190, 198, 199, 245 Henry of Ghent, 81 Mary, Virgin, 135–136, 177 Henry of Livonia, 239 mathematics, 3, 104–113, 137–138, 200 Hermann Alemannus, 93 Matthew of Aquasparta, 72 Honorius III, pope, 39, 234, 245 medicine, 48, 112, 228 Hospitallers, 238 Messehalac, 110 Hostiensis, 248 Milleius, 108 Hugh of Digne, 149, 169, 181, 199, 233, 244 Möngke, qaghan, 62, 253, 254 Hugh of St Victor, 98, 125, 129, 232 Mongols, 41, 43, 62, 78, 103, 112, 115, 123, 173, Huguccio of Pisa, 216 198, 200, 203, 210, 222–226, 230, 253–256 Humbert of Romans, 175, 189, 191, 236, 240, 263 moral philosophy, 121–125, 252, 256–260 music, 107 Innocent III, pope, 30–31, 39, 42, 54, 74, 89, Muslims, 198, 203 125, 173 Innocent IV, pope, 41, 42, 43, 58, 169, 170, 181, natural philosophy, 4 215, 235, 247 Nequam, Alexander, 201 Isabelle of France, 42 Nicholas III, pope, 21 Isidore of Seville, 98, 216 Nicholas IV, pope, 5 Ister, Aethicus, 216, 222, 224 Olivi, Peter John, 81 Jacques de Vitry, 139, 189 optics, 3, 61 Jean de la Rochelle, 148 Origen, 216, 220, 221 Jerome of Ascoli, 21, 22 Orosius, 216 Jerome, saint, 98, 151, 216, 219, 221, 222 Ovid, 33, 81, 230 Joachim of Fiore, 55, 167, 170, 197, 199, 208, Ovid, Pseudo-, De vetula, 175 234, 240, 243 Oxford, 34–36, 49, 61, 79, 94 John, student of Bacon, 52, 73, 93, 206 John I, king of England, 31 Palaeologus, Michael VIII, 65 John XXI, pope, 80 Paris, 2, 35–36, 38–40, 49, 57, 61, 75, 79, 98, John of Garland, 37 184, 253 John of Paris, 266 Paris, Matthew, 42 John of Parma, 58, 60, 171, 175, 181, 199 Paris Bible, 193–194 John of Plano Carpini, 44, 215, 216, 256 Pastoureaux, 43–44, 94, 203 John of Rupescissa, 266 Paul, apostle, 142, 262 John of Salisbury, 125 Pecham, John, 61, 73, 75, 122, 141, 189, 283 John of Wales, 61, 123, 141, 263 perspectiva, 49, 73, 159 Jordan of Saxony, 189 Peter of Ardene, 94 Josephus, 216 Peter of Limoges, 81 Peter the Chanter, 190 Kilwardby, Robert, 80 Peter the Venerable, 247 Petrus Peregrinus (of Maricourt), 50–51, 93, 116 languages, 48, 100–104, 234–236 Philip III, king of France, 77 Liber exemplorum, 18, 79, 94 Pierre d’Ailly, 267

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Plato, 94, 98, 137 Tempier, Stephen, 22, 80 Pliny, 37, 216, 218, 219 Templars, 238 prophecy Tertullian, 145 ‘angelic pope’, 66, 77 Teutonic knights, 238–239, 242 Aquila, 199 Thales, 216 Merlin, 199 Theodosius, 108 Seston, 199 Thomas of Celano, ix, 20, 56, 133, 134, 148, 154, Sextus. See Seston 162, 244 Sibylline, 175, 199 Thomas of Eccleston, 54, 148, Ptolemy of Alexandria, 110, 216, 229, 251 184, 189 Thomas of York, 61 Qur’an, 230, 253, 259 Thorndike, Lynn, 6–7

Raymond of Laon, 68, 69 Urban IV, pope, 44, 63 rhetoric, art of, 124, 260–264 Richard of St Victor, 98, 155 Wallensis, Thomas, 50 Robert the Monk, 233 Walter of Châtillon, 181 Rufus, Adam, 245 William de la Mare, 73, 81 Rufus, Richard, 18, 32 William of Auvergne, 37, 99, 205, 263 William of Conches, 46 Salimbene de Adam, 149, 160, 169, 172, 199, 201 William of Moerbeke, 73 Sallust, 98, 216, 218 William of Nottingham, 55 Satan, 4, 108, 132, 136, 174, 181, 194, 201, 202 William of Rubruck, 28, 50, 62, 93, scientia experimentalis, 3, 50, 74, 115–120, 167, 214, 216, 222–226, 247, 253–256, 201, 204, 225, 251–252, 253, 255 258, 259 Scot, Michael, 26 William of Saint-Amour, 58, 150 Secretum secretorum, x, 48–49, 69, 79, 86, 112, 118, William of Sherwood, 161 119, 204, 207, 248–250 William of Tripoli, 240 Seneca, 33, 61, 81, 90, 98, 122, 124, 140, 216, 259 Witelo, 73 Solinus, 216 species, 111, 114, 132, 133 Xenophon, 140

303