Mineralogy of Kidney Stones
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DESCRIPTIVE HUMAN PATHOLOGICAL MINERALOGY 1179 but Still Occursregularly
Amerkan Mincraloght, Volume 59, pages I177-1182, 1974 DescriptiveHuman Pathological Mineralogy Rrcneno I. Gmsox P.O. Box I O79, Dauis,C alilornia 95 6 I 6 Absfract Crystallographic, petrographic, and X-ray powder difiraction analysis of approximately 15,000 samples showed that the most common mineral constituents of human pathological concretions are calcium oxalates (whewellite and weddellite), calcium phosphates (apatite, brushite, and whitlockite), and magnesium phosphates (struvite and newberyite). Less are monetite, hannayite, calcite, aragonite, vaterite, halite, gypsum, and hexahydrite."o-rnon of the variables determining which minerals precipitate, the effects of different pH values on deposi- tional conditions are most apparent, and are shown by occurrences and relationships among many of the minerals studied. A pH-sensitive series has been identified among magnesium phosphatesin concretions. Introduction The study was carried out over a period of three The importanceof mineralogyin the field of medi- years.Composition was confirmedby X-ray powder cine lies in the applicationof mineralogicalmethods diffraction and polarizing microscopy;sequence was to study pathologicalmineral depositsin the human arrived at from considerationsof microscopic tex- body. Urology benefitsgreatly becauseconcretions tural and crystallographicrelationships. More than of mineral matter (calculi) are common in the 14,500samples were derivedfrom the urinary sys- urinary system.The value of mineralogicalanalysis tem of kidneys,ureters, bladder, and urethra; the of urinary material was first describedby prien and remaining samples are not statistically significant Frondel (1947). Mineralogistsmay be unawareof and arediscussed only briefly. the variability and nature of such compounds be- Calcium cause reports are usually published in medical Oxalates journals. This investigationreports the mineralogy Whewellite, CaCzOE.H2O,and weddellite, CaCz- and possiblepathological significanceof these min- O4'2H2O,are very uncommonin the mineralworld. -
503.Pdf by Guest on 30 September 2021 504 the CANADIAN MINERALOGIST
Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 2l; pp. 503-508(1983) WEDDELLITE FROM BIGGS, OREGON, U.S.A. J. A. MANDARINO Depdrtmentof Mineralogltand Geology,Royal Ontario Museum,100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Anturio M5S 2C6 and Department of Geologl, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario MSS lAl NOBLE V. WITT I319 N.E. IITth Street, Vancouver,Washington 98665, U.S.A. ABSTRACT coeur r6sineux brun fonc€ renfermant un matdriau organique ind€termin6. Le matdriau brun pdle possddeune The rare mineral weddellite, CaCrOo.(2+x)H2O, has duretdd'environ 4 et une densit€de2.02Q), La weddellite beenidentified from an occurrencenear Biggs, Oregon, est tetra&onale,de grpupe spatial I4/m, o 12,33(2),c U.S.A. Crystal$up to 5 x 5 x 40 mm occur in cavities 7.353(3)A, V 1117.9et, z = 8. L'analysechimique du in nodulesof the so-called"Biggs jasper". The nodules materiau blanc donne CaO 35.4, CzO343,2, }J2O 24.7, are in lake-bottom sedimentssandwiched between basalt somme 103.3%oen poids. La formule empiriqueobtenue flows of Mioceneage. Associated minerals are quartz and d partir de cesdonn€es est Ca1.04C1.97O0.6,2.26H2Oott, whewellite (CaC2O4.H2O).The whewellite appears to id6alement, CaC2Oa.2.26HtO;la densite calcul€e est replacesome of the weddellite.The weddelliteoccurs as 2.020(4).Le mat6riaublanc est optiquementuniaxe ( + ), tan, euhedral crystals and as white, fibrous aggregates d'indices principaux ot 1,524 et e 1.5U. L'indice de surroundingsome of the euhedralcrystals. The euhedral compatibilit6,0.008, indique une compatibilitt supdieure crystalsAre dull to vitreousin lustre and often havea dark de la ddnsitdavec donn6esoptiques et chimiques. -
Polarized Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Brushite
Polarized infrared reflectance spectra of brushite (CaHPO4 center dot 2H(2)O) crystal investigation of the phosphate stretching modes Jean-Yves Mevellec, Sophie Quillard, Philippe Deniard, Omar Mekmene, Frederic Gaucheron, Jean-Michel Bouler, Jean-Pierre Buisson To cite this version: Jean-Yves Mevellec, Sophie Quillard, Philippe Deniard, Omar Mekmene, Frederic Gaucheron, et al.. Polarized infrared reflectance spectra of brushite (CaHPO4 center dot 2H(2)O) crystal investigation of the phosphate stretching modes. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spec- troscopy, Elsevier, 2013, 111, pp.7. 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.047. hal-00980658 HAL Id: hal-00980658 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00980658 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 111 (2013) 7–13 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Spectr ochimica Acta Part A: Molecul ar and Biomo lecular Spectrosco py journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/saa Polarized infrared reflectance spectra of brushite (CaHPO4Á2H2O) crystal investigation of the phosphate stretching modes ⇑ Jean-Yves Mevellec a, , Sophie Quillard b, Philippe Deniard a, Omar Mekmene c, Frédéric Gaucheron c, Jean-Michel Bouler b, Jean-Pierre Buisson a a CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean-Rouxel (IMN) – UMR 6502, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B.P. -
Ammonium Phosphate on Gypsum
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AMS Acta - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna HMC 2016 4 th Historic Mortars Conference Preliminary study on the use of ammonium phosphate for the conservation of marble-imitating gypsum-stuccoes Enrico Sassoni 1, Gabriela Graziani 2, George W. Scherer 3 and Elisa -ranzoni 4 0Tmh dqrhsxneAnknfm+)skx+ [email protected] 1Tmh dqrhsxneAnknfm+)skx+ faqhdk-fqyhmh1.tmhan-hs 2 OqhmbdsnmTmh dqrhsx+MI+TR@+ rbgdqdq.oqhmbdsnm-dct 0 Tmh dqrhsxneAnknfm+)skx+ dkhr-eqmynmh.tmhan-hs Abstract6 In this study, a novel method for consolidation and im rovement of resistance to water of gy sum-stuccoes was reliminarily investigated. The idea is treating gy sum with an aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen hos hate (DAP, (.H 4)2HPO 4) to form hydroxya atite (HAP, Ca 10 (PO 4)6(OH) 2), which has much lower solubility than gy sum. Tests carried out on gy sum aste sam les, manufactured to resemble historic stuccoes, showed that, after treatment with the DAP solution, a significant im rovement in mechanical ro erties was achieved and brushite (CaHPO 4ì2H 2O) was formed (alongside some other by- roducts, that can be removed by an additional oultice treatment). Even if brushite is more soluble than HAP, still its formation is ex ected to be beneficial for stuccoes conservation, as brushite is significantly less soluble than gy sum. Introduction Since antiquity, gy sum-based stuccoes have been frequently used to imitate recious white or colored marbles, when the use of real marbles was not ossible, because trans ort from faraway quarries was too costly a1,2b. -
Water Soluble Salts in Degradation Processes of Stony Architectural Monuments in the Upper Silesia
Geological Quarterly, 1998,42 (2): 209-220 Water soluble salts in degradation processes of stony architectural monuments in the Upper Silesia Malgorzata LABUS Labus M. (1998) - Woter soluble sails in dcgrndation processes of stony nrchiteehuui monuments in the Upper Silcsia. Geol. Quill1., 42 (2): 209-220. WnrsUlwa. The study goals were aimed 111 obtaining infonnation on corrosion products of rocks used in architectural monuments in the Upper Silesia. Samples from four monume ntal buildings located 01 margins of the Upper Silesia were IlSCd in the study. Three of them nrc located in the western pill1 of the region: a castle at Tasuk, a grain elcvatorat Stare Gliwice and castle ruins III Chud6w, and one is located in the eastern part (a cn.~ tle 01 6(;dzill). Samples of rocks from area significantl y lcss affected by atmospheric COlltnmillDtion (castle ruins at MimII' in the 1um Kmkowsko..czC5tochowska region) were analp.ed for comparison. Samples of sandstone, limestone and granitoids were analY1.ed with X-ray dirfraCLornetry and microstructurnlll1lalyscs. Cnemical analyses were conducted for aqucOllS solutioos of powdered rock samples. The following compounds wert detected in the sltJdicd snmples: sulphates, chlorides, nitrntes and carbonates. Total snUnilY in the samples of sandstone lind limcslone Wll.~ calculated, based on the resulls ofche mical analyses and X-my difCractolTlCtry . The highest salinity was detected in the samples from lhe castle ruins al Chud6w. Mu/gunil/U LahU.f, Irmifu/e ofAppli ed Geology, Silesilln Tu/micul University, Akodemicko 2, 44- /00Gliwice. Poland (reuived: 3.02./998; ocupltd; 22.02.1998). Key words: Upper Silesia, architectural monuments, air pollution, building stone detcriOl1ltion, wfttersoluble salts. -
Role of Strontium on the Crystallization of Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CHPD)
Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering , Vol. 10, No.7, pp.625-636, 2011 jmmce.org Printed in the USA. All rights reserved Role of Strontium on the Crystallization of Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CHPD) K. Suguna 1, 2 , C. Sekar 3* 1 Department of Physics, Sri Sarada College for Women, Salem -636 016, TN, India. 2 Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem- 636 011, TN, India. 3 Department of Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630003, TN, India. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD, CaHPO 4· 2H2O) or brushite is found quite frequently in urinary calculi (stones) . Crystallization of brushite has been carried out in sodium metasilicate (SMS) gel with and without adding ‘Sr’ as additive. In pure system, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, CaHPO 4) or monetite and hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca 5(PO 4)3(OH)) grew along with brushite. The presence of Sr suppressed the formation of HA and enhanced the number and size of monetite crystals and changed the morphology of brushite crystals from needle shape to octopus-like shape. The samples were characterized by powder & single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X- ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analyses (TG-DTA) . Keywords: Brushite , Crystal growth, Sr additive, SEM. 1. INTRODUCTION Calcium phosphates have been studied extensively because of their occurrence in normal and pathological calcifications. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, it is a well-known bioactive material suitable for bone and hard tissue replacement [1] . Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca 5(PO 4)3(OH), octacalcium phosphate (OCP,Ca 8H2(PO 4)6·5(H 2O)), tricalcium phosphate ( β- TCP, Ca 3(PO 4)2), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate or calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD, CaHPO 4·2H 2O), dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, CaHPO4), tetracalcium [2] phosphate (TTCP, Ca 4(PO 4)2O) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are different 625 626 K. -
Bulletin 65, the Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey, 1962
THEMINERALSOF FRANKLINAND STERLINGHILL NEWJERSEY BULLETIN 65 NEW JERSEYGEOLOGICALSURVEY DEPARTMENTOF CONSERVATIONAND ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 65 THE MINERALS OF FRANKLIN AND STERLING HILL, NEW JERSEY bY ALBERT S. WILKERSON Professor of Geology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey STATE OF NEw JERSEY Department of Conservation and Economic Development H. MAT ADAMS, Commissioner Division of Resource Development KE_rr_ H. CR_V_LINCDirector, Bureau of Geology and Topography KEMBLEWIDX_, State Geologist TRENTON, NEW JERSEY --1962-- NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ......................................... 5 History of Area ................................... 7 General Geology ................................... 9 Origin of the Ore Deposits .......................... 10 The Rowe Collection ................................ 11 List of 42 Mineral Species and Varieties First Found at Franklin or Sterling Hill .......................... 13 Other Mineral Species and Varieties at Franklin or Sterling Hill ............................................ 14 Tabular Summary of Mineral Discoveries ................. 17 The Luminescent Minerals ............................ 22 Corrections to Franklln-Sterling Hill Mineral List of Dis- credited Species, Incorrect Names, Usages, Spelling and Identification .................................... 23 Description of Minerals: Bementite ......................................... 25 Cahnite .......................................... -
New Mineral Names*
American Mineralogist, Volume 59, pages 873-475, 1974 NEWMINERAL NAMES* Mrcnapl Frprscnpn Bjarebyite* Borovskite* P. B. MooRE, D. H. LuNo, eNo K, L. KBrsrBn (1923) A. A. Yerovor, A. F. Sroonov, N. S. RuomnEvsKrr AND Bjarebyite, (Ba,Sr)(Mn,Fe,Mg),AL(Olt)s(por)a a new I. A. Buo'ro (1973) Borovskite, PdSbTer, ? n€w mineral. species. Mineral. Rec. 4, 282-285, Zapiski Vses.Mineral. Obshch. 102, 427431 (in Russian). Microprobe pure Microprobe analysis by G. Z. Zecttnan gave (av. 60 area analyses, using metals and BirTer as standards, on 4 grains gave scan) Ba 21.81, Sr O.79, Ca 0.06, Mn 7.15, Fe 6.95, Pd 32.94, 31.90, 32.37, 32.37, av. 32.39; Pt. 1.21, 1.25, 1.23, Mg 0.84, Al 7.01, giving the formula above with pOr and 1.20, av. 1.23; Ni 0.26, O.24,0.26, O.25,av.0.25; Fe OH on the basis of the structure. The ratio Mn/Fe is 0.04, 0.04, 0.06, 0.02, av. 0.04; Sb 1,0.92,10.97, 11.01, 11.00, av. 10.98; variable, indicating the likelihood of the occurrence of an Bi 3.35,3.34,3.34, Fe'g*analogue. av. 3.34; Te 51.86, 52.39, 51.70, 51.93, av. 51.97; sum 100.58, 99.98, percent, Weissenberg and rotation photographs show the mineral 10O.14, 100.11, av. 10O.21 corre- sponding to (Pd" (Sbo to be monoclinic, space grotp P2r/m, a 8.930, b lZ.O73, 6PtowNio orFeo o.) *Bio ru)Te" or, or PdaSbTe+. -
AFM Study of the Epitaxial Growth of Brushite (Cahpo4.2H2O) On
American Mineralogist, Volume 95, pages 1747–1757, 2010 AFM study of the epitaxial growth of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) on gypsum cleavage surfaces ANDRÉ JORGE PINTO ,1 ENC A RN A CIÓN RUIZ -AGUDO ,2,* CHRISTINE V. PUTNIS ,2 ANDREW PUTNIS ,2 AM A LI A JIMÉNEZ ,1 A ND MA NUEL PRIETO 1 1Department of Geology, Universidad de Oviedo, Jesús Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005 Oviedo, Spain 2Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany ABSTR A CT The epitaxial overgrowth of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) by the interaction of phosphate-bearing, slightly acidic, aqueous solutions with gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) was investigated in situ using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Brushite growth nuclei were not observed to form on the {010} gypsum cleavage surface, but instead formed in areas of high dissolution, laterally attached to gypsum [101] step edges. During the brushite overgrowth the structural relationships between brushite (Aa) and gyp- sum (A2/a) result in several phenomena, including the development of induced twofold twining, habit polarity, and topographic effects due to coalescence of like-oriented crystals. The observed brushite growth is markedly anisotropic, with the growth rate along the main periodic bond chains (PBCs) in the brushite structure increasing in the order [101] > [101] > [010], leading to tabular forms elongated on [101]. Such a growth habit may result from the stabilization of the polar [101] direction of brushite due to changes in hydration of calcium ions induced by the presence of sulfate in solution, which is 2– consistent with the stabilization of the gypsum [101] steps during dissolution in the presence of HPO4 ions. -
Calcium Oxalate Crystal Types in Three Oak Species (Quercus L.) in Turkey
Turk J Biol 36 (2012) 386-393 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/biy-1109-35 Calcium oxalate crystal types in three oak species (Quercus L.) in Turkey Bedri SERDAR1, Hatice DEMİRAY2 1Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany, Trabzon - TURKEY 2Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, İzmir - TURKEY Received: 30.09.2011 ● Accepted: 17.02.2012 Abstract: Crystal types from 3 oak species representing 3 diff erent sections of the genus Quercus were identifi ed. Crystals were studied with scanning electron microscopy aft er localisation by light microscopy. Th e crystals were composed of calcium oxalate silicates as whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate) composites. In Quercus macranthera Fisch. et Mey. subsp. syspirensis (C.Koch) Menitsky (İspir oak) from the white oaks (section Quercus: Leucobalanus), whewellite and trihydrated weddellites coexisted. Axial parenchyma cells included 30 crystal chains with walls as chambers in uniseriate ray cells; some cells had many crystals without any chambers and were small. Long thin crystals were found adherent to the membrane in the tracheary cell lumens of latewood. Quercus cerris L. var. cerris (hairy oak/Turkey oak) from the red oak group (section Cerris Loudon) is extremely rich in rhomboidal crystals. In species Quercus aucheri Jaub. et Spach (grey pırnal) from the evergreen oak group (section Ilex Loudon) rhomboidal crystals were found in axial parenchyma and multiseriate ray cells. Lignifi ed wall layers were not observed around the crystals with chambers. Key words: Calcium oxalate silicate, crystals, crystal morphology, Quercus, Turkey Introduction some Araceae (e.g., Xanthosoma sagittifolium) (2). Most plants invest considerable resources in In monocotyledons 3 main types of calcium oxalate cytoplasmic inclusions such as starch, tannins, crystal occur: raphides, styloids, and druses. -
AFM Study of the Epitaxial Growth of Brushite (Cahpo4.2H2O) On
American Mineralogist, Volume 95, pages 1747–1757, 2010 AFM study of the epitaxial growth of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) on gypsum cleavage surfaces ANDRÉ JORGE PINTO ,1 ENC A RN A CIÓN RUIZ -AGUDO ,2,* CHRISTINE V. PUTNIS ,2 ANDREW PUTNIS ,2 AM A LI A JIMÉNEZ ,1 A ND MA NUEL PRIETO 1 1Department of Geology, Universidad de Oviedo, Jesús Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005 Oviedo, Spain 2Institut für Mineralogie, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany ABSTR A CT The epitaxial overgrowth of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) by the interaction of phosphate-bearing, slightly acidic, aqueous solutions with gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) was investigated in situ using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Brushite growth nuclei were not observed to form on the {010} gypsum cleavage surface, but instead formed in areas of high dissolution, laterally attached to gypsum [101] step edges. During the brushite overgrowth the structural relationships between brushite (Aa) and gyp- sum (A2/a) result in several phenomena, including the development of induced twofold twining, habit polarity, and topographic effects due to coalescence of like-oriented crystals. The observed brushite growth is markedly anisotropic, with the growth rate along the main periodic bond chains (PBCs) in the brushite structure increasing in the order [101] > [101] > [010], leading to tabular forms elongated on [101]. Such a growth habit may result from the stabilization of the polar [101] direction of brushite due to changes in hydration of calcium ions induced by the presence of sulfate in solution, which is 2– consistent with the stabilization of the gypsum [101] steps during dissolution in the presence of HPO4 ions. -
Cahpo4·2H2O) on the Gypsum Cleavage Surface
American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 313–322, 2009 Interaction of phosphate-bearing solutions with gypsum: Epitaxy and induced twinning of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) on the gypsum cleavage surface ANDRÉ JORGE PINTO , AM A LI A JIMENEZ ,* A ND MA NUEL PRIETO Department of Geology, Universidad de Oviedo, Jesús Arias de Velasco s/n, 33005 Oviedo, Spain ABSTR A CT Under slightly acidic conditions and 25 °C, the interaction between phosphate-rich aqueous solu- tions and gypsum cleavage fragments results in the surface precipitation of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) crystals, which grow epitaxially on the (010) surface of gypsum. Using an A-centered unit-cell setting for both brushite (Aa) and gypsum (A2/a), the epitaxial relationship implies matching of the planes (010) of both structures and correspondence between equivalent crystallographic directions within these planes. The crystal habit of the overgrowing brushite is thin tabular to laminar on {010} with {111} and {111} as side faces and a clear elongation on [101]. There are two orientations of the brushite plates on the gypsum surface related to each other by a twofold axis on [010]. Thus, the overgrowth is an aggregate of parallel brushite crystals that may be twin-related, with the twofold axis as the twin law. During the interaction, gypsum dissolution is coupled with brushite growth until saturation with respect to both minerals is reached. A model of this thermodynamically driven dissolution-crystallization process is presented using the geochemical code PHREEQC. The epitaxial relationships are explained by comparing the bond system and the crystallographic properties of both minerals. Keywords: Phosphate, gypsum, epitaxy, twinning INTRODUCTION tracted considerable interest in recent years (e.g., Sainz-Díaz et al.