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Download PDF Datastream Next-Generation Thermal/Environmental Barrier Coatings for Ceramic-Matrix Composites Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Brown University By Laura Ruth Turcer, M.S. Graduate Program: Engineering Brown University 2020 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Nitin P. Padture (Advisor) Dr. Reid F. Cooper Dr. Brian W. Sheldon © Copyright 2020 by Laura R. Turcer ii This dissertation by Laura R. Turcer is accepted in its present form by the School of Engineering as satisfying the dissertation requirement of Doctor of Philosophy. Date ________________________ _______________________________________ Nitin P. Padture, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date ________________________ _______________________________________ Reid F. Cooper, Reader Date ________________________ _______________________________________ Brian W. Sheldon, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date ________________________ _______________________________________ Andrew G. Campbell, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE 2015 to present…...……..…………………Graduate Research Associate, School of Engineering, Brown University 2017…..………………………..M.S. Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University 2014…………..……………………………...…….…….B.S. Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University 2010……………….…….……………………………………………..Dublin Scioto High School 1992…..………………………………………………………………….Born, Youngstown, Ohio iv PUBLICATIONS 1. L.R. Turcer, N.P. Padture, “Rare-earth solid-solution environmental-barrier coating ceramics for Resistance Against Attack by Molten Calcia-Magnesia-Aluminosilicate (CMAS) Glass,” Journal of Materials Research. {Invited, Submitted} 2. L.R. Turcer, N.P. Padture, “Towards thermal environmental barrier coatings (TEBCs) based on rare-earth pyrosilicate solid-solution ceramics,” Scripta Materialia, 154, 111-117 (2018). {Invited Viewpoint Article} 3. L.R. Turcer*, A.R. Krause*, H.F. Garces, L. Zhang, and N.P. Padture, “Environmental- Barrier Coating Ceramics for Resistance Against Attack by Molten Calcia-Magnesia- Aluminosilicate (CMAS) Glass: Part I, YAlO3 and γ-Y2Si2O7, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 38, 3905-3913 (2018). 4. L.R. Turcer*, A.R. Krause*, H.F. Garces, L. Zhang, and N.P. Padture, “Environmental- Barrier Coating Ceramics for Resistance Against Attack by Molten Calcia-Magnesia- Aluminosilicate (CMAS) Glass: Part II, β-Yb2Si2O7 and β-Sc2Si2O7, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 38, 3914-3924 (2018). *These authors contributed equally v DEDICATION Dedicated to my family vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Professor Nitin Padture, my advisor, for his support and supervision. His mentorship has helped me grow as a researcher and as an individual. I really appreciate how much he cares about his graduate students. He not only focuses on supporting my research goals, but has supported me through my experiments’ successes and failures, papers and presentations. Thank you to Professor Reid Cooper for his support and guidance. I really enjoyed our discussions and I am grateful for his encouragement. I appreciate Professor Brian Sheldon’s support and advice. Both Professors Cooper and Sheldon are wonderful teachers and I am so grateful I was able to take their classes and that they made time for my defense. My lab mates were also supportive. I would first like to thank Professor Amanda (Mandie) Krause. When I first started at Brown University, she was concluding work on her PhD. Mandie mentored me in many ways. She trained me on how to use lab equipment: furnaces, CMAS testing, FIB lift-out, TEM, etc. She helped me conceptualize and organize my research. She also helped me select classes to achieve my research goals. Overall, Mandie made my transition into grad school a smooth one. Hector Garces was also very helpful as I began graduate work. He taught me ceramic processing and XRD and has continued to help me when equipment isn’t functioning. I would like to thank Mollie Koval, Connor Watts, Hadas Sternlicht, Anh Tran, and Arundhati Sengupta who all contributed significantly to this project. My lab mates Dr. Lin Zhang, Dr. Yuanyuan Zhou, Qizhong Wang, Min Chen, Srinivas Yadavalli and Zhenghong Dai, Dr. Christos Athanasiou and Dr. Cristina Ramírez have been supportive. I would like to give a special thanks to Qizhong Wang who helped me talk through problems and checked my math. I would like to thank Yoojin Kim, Helena Liu, Steven Ahn, Selda Büyüköztürk, Juny Cho, Nupur Jain, Sayan vii Samanta, Gali Alon Tzenzana, Ana Oliveira, Ally MacInnis, and Cintia J. B. de Castilho for their support and friendship. I would like to thank Tony McCormick for his help. He taught me how to use the characterization tools necessary for most of this work and was always friendly and willing to help. I appreciate Indrek Kulaots and Zack Saleeba for their help in DTA analysis. I would also like to thank John Shilko and Brian Corkum for their assistance. Much thanks to Peggy Mercurio, Cathy McElroy, and Diane Felber for their friendly assistance and administrative expertise. Although my defense will now be held on Zoom, I would like to thank Kathy Diorio, Beth James, Amy Simmons and Paul Waltz for their assistance navigating arrangements and helping me find a room for my defense. All of this work would not have been completed without the contributions of Professor Sanjay Sampath and Dr. Eugenio Garcia at the State University of New York at Stony Brook University. I am grateful for their collaboration and ability to produce APS coatings. Thanks to Dr. Gopal Dwivedi at Oerlikon Metco for providing materials. I would also like to thank Professor Martin Harmer at Lehigh University for allowing me use of his SPS while ours was down. Thanks to Professor Elizabeth Opila of the University of Virginia and her students, Dr. Bekah Webster and Mackenzie Ridley, for their help with water vapor corrosion studies. Last, but not least, I would like to thank my family and friends for their support and love. A special thanks to my parents Joe and Catherine. I really grateful for my mom, my Aunt Elizabeth (Zee) Enke and my friend Ally MacInnis. They took time out of busy schedules to review my thesis. They sent care packages and listened to my whining. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i COPYRIGHT PAGE .................................................................................................................... ii SIGNATURE PAGE .................................................................................................................... iii CURRICULUM VITAE .............................................................................................................. iv PUBLICATIONS .......................................................................................................................... v DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ ix TABLE OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. xiii TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Gas-Turbine Engine Materials ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Environmental Barrier Coatings .................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 EBC Requirements .................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 EBC Materials and Processing ................................................................................. 5 1.2.3 EBC Failure .............................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Calcia-Magnesia-Aluminosilicate (CMAS) Deposits .................................................. 8 1.3.1 CMAS Induced Failure ........................................................................................... 10 1.3.2 Approaches for CMAS Mitigation .......................................................................... 12 1.4 Approach ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.4.1 Materials Selection/Optical Basicity ...................................................................... 13 1.4.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER 2: Y-CONTAINING EBC CERAMICS FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST ATTACK BY MOLTEN CMAS ............................................................................................... 18 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 18 2.2 Experimental Procedure .............................................................................................
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