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The Original Rockefeller Republican

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The Original Rockefeller Republican LINCOLNIN WORDAND DEED G6 IBIPLANESAND BLIMPS G7 IITIE RISEOF OBSTACLE COURSE RACING G8 IBESTSELLERS CI{ 800 rg 2014Dow Jonese9 Company. AII RightsReserued. THE WALL STREDTJOURNAL. Saturday/Sunday,October l8 - 19, 2014 | C5 The Original RockefellerRepublican Kept from the public during a 3S-yearpolitical careerwere his compulsivephilandering and his dyslexia warfare"(or, as lke later describedit, for On His Own Terms "ColdWar strategy"),with a vagueman- By RichardNorton Smith date to explain America to the world. Rondom House,842 poges,$38 Takingthe mandateand, to the dismayof the StateDepartment, running with it, BY ROBETIT K. LANDERS Rockefellerassembled a panel of aca- demic heavyweightsin advanceof the 1955Geneva Summit. The group's brain- IT WASthe most memorablescene from storming led to Eisenhower'sproposal the 1964Republican National Convention there for "openskies" aerial inspection of in San Francisco:Nelson Rockefeller military facilitieson Americanand Soviet standingtall on the speakers'platform, q* soil. Rejectedby the Soviets,the proposal insistent on havinghis say-'"Ihis is still proveda propagandacoup for the U.S., a free country ladiesand gentlemen"- showingthe Sovietsto be not as commit- as conservativeyahoos below sentup a ted to nucleardisarmament as they pre- roar of hatred to this embodimentof the t"t tended.The brainstorminggroup's suc- despisedEastern Establishmentwho cess,Mr. Smithobserves, "foreshadowed dareddenounce extremism. Operatives ff# lRockefeller's]Iater reliance,as governor of the party's impending presidential ofNew Yorkand would-bepresident, on nominee,Barry Goldwater,aware of the rt{' a dizzytngarray of study groups,com- damagethe nationally televisedscene missions, and grand planners." Yet was doing to his image,frantically tried doubtsarose about the pmctice."He is to quiet the delegates,but to no avail. too usedto borrowingbrains instead of Sothe scenemade its fatefulimpres- usinghis olAm,"Ike onceobserved. sion, not only of extremismon display After leavingthe Eisenhoweradminis- but of its brave antagonist.Rockefeller, tration in December1955. Rockefeller as- wrote Norman Mailer in Esquirelater sumedthe presidencyof the Rockefeller that year, "had an odd couragewhich BncthersFund, the foundationthat served was profound-he could take strength as a vehiclefor Nelsonand his brothers' from deffing a mob.Three hundred thou- philantlropy,and set in motion a studyof sandyears ago, a million yearsago, some the challengesfacing Americaand the gorilla must havestood up to an enraged world at midcentury.The massivestudy, tribe and bellowedback and got away which involvedmorc t}tan100 "prominent alive and humsnsociety was begun.So citizens,"was expensive,Mr. Smith notes. Rockyfinally had his political moment But for Rockefeiler"money posed no ob- which was preciselyright for him." stacle."The project'sfirst report, appear- Ridnrd NortonSmith builds a Z0-page ing soon after Sputnik was launchedby prologuearound that teling moment in the Sovietsin October1952 sounded an his splendidbiography ofRockefeller. "On alarm about Americanmilitary strength. His OumTerms" is a clear-eye4exhaus- It led to Pentagonreform-and to public tively researchedaccount of a sigfficant concernabout a (nonexistent,as it turned andfascinating American life. out) "missilegap" with the Soviets. In reffospect,Rockefeller's moment in Rockefellerhad no liberalguilt about SanFrancisco told of more than his cow- his inheritedwealth. Oncg on the cam- age and a changingGOP. It also vividly paign trail, a young woman askedhim suggestedthat, if he wantedto be presi- how it felt to be rich. 'Fine!" he replied. dent, he was in the wrong party. It was 'tlow's it feel to be good-looking?"In not the first suchsuggestion. Franklin D. public office,he didnlt hesitateto usehis Roosevelthad tried to get Rockefellelhis own money,as well as the taxpayers',to coordinatorof inter-Americanaffairs dw- hire the peoplehe wantedand pushthe ing World War II, to changehis political causeshe wantedto advance.When he affiIiation. Harry Truman,too, had urged was growingup on West54th Streetin him to becomea Democrat.Rockefeller's -l".#*.s'e*' NewYork, his father,John D. Rockefelier answer:"If I becamea Democrat,['d al- Jr., fearedthat moneywould spoil his ways be in the position of holding the childrenand so "deviseda systemof re- party bac[ whereasif I stayeda Republi- wardswherein cash was doled out to the can,I'd be pushingthe parly forward."He most charitable or dutiftil of his off- wantedthe presidencybut, as Mr. Smith's spring,"Mr. Smithsays. Nelson eventually title suggests,on his ovrrnterms. learnedto piay his "tightfistedfather," de- lA/henRockefeller made his entry into ployingat Dartrnoutll,for instance,his in- electivepolitics, running for governorof cipient political skills to extractfrom him New York in 1958,he proved a terrific BRAND NAME Nelson Rockefellercampaigning for his fourth term as governor of New York, 197O. a cal, essentialfor entertaininggirls. The campaigner,plunging into crowds,heart- grandsonof "robberbaron" John D. Rock- ily offering a 'tllya fella!" to one and all, tion" from t}te generalelection, in which filibusterreform in the Senateand for a Rockefellerliked to usevisual aids to efelleralso pleased his fatherwith a col- enthusiasticallyeating blintzes and giv- the GOPcandidate would need the votes tough Voting Rights Act fired Southern get his pointsacross. Early in the Eisen- legethesis defending the StandardOil Co. ing votersthe impressionthat he wasa of independentsand Democrats.Hence oppositionan{ by someaccounts, led to howeradministration. when he became Mr. Smith is not the first author since backslappingregular guy. In a year in he tried to show from the start that he his being dropped fr:omtJre 1976 ticket. undersecretaryat the new Department Rockefeller'sdeath to attempta frill-scale which the GOPnationally sufferedits was different from the typical Republi- DuringRockefeller's 35 yearsofpub- of Health,Education, and Welfare,he in- biography.In the excellentfirst volume worst defeatsince 193Q he crushedin- can-he was a progTessrue conservative! lic life, two things were kept largely hid- sisted on a bigger conferenceroom, of CaryReich's "Life of NelsonA. Rock- cumbentDemocratic Gov. Averell Harri- It was a "fundamentalmisunderstand- den.One was his compulsivephilander- openingup his own wallet to equip it. He efeller"(i996), Reich took his subject,in man bv 557.000votes. ing" of the process,Mr. Smith says. ing, which only beganto cometo light turned the large spaceinto "the Chaft about 780 pagesof detailedbut lively But Rockefellerwas unmistakablydif- in 1979with his sensationaldeath in the Room" and took over an adjoining room text, from his birth in l9O8 to his elec- ferent, not leastin his strong support for companyof his latest mistress.(It had to serveas a stagingarea, from which tion asgovernor in 1958.Reich, alas, did Ayoungwomanasked the civil-rightsmovement. (He provided not taken an aggressivepress long to the chartscould be rolled out on tracks. not live to completethe secondvolume. moneyto Martin Luther King Jr. and his shred the official fiction that his fatal His difficulty readingpersuaded him Mr. Smith,who properly payshomage to him how it felt to be rich. crusadeat various junctures, such as heart attackhad occurredwhen he was that, as he said,"the bestway to reada Reicht work, had accessto somemate- 'Fine!'he replied.'How'sit when he helpedpay the bail costs for at his desk,working in his office,alone book is to get the author to tell you rial that Reichdid not, and,writing in his hundredsof youngsterswho had been exceptfor a security aide.) The other about it." tMhenhe was governorof New own way, covers those same.yearsin feel to be good-looking?' jailed after marching in Birmingham, hidden trait was his dyslexia,a condi- York and trying to fathom the moral fewerthan 300 pages,leaving some 440 Ala., in 1963.)"The struggle for racial tion that is generallycharacterized, as complexitiesof abortion, he saw a refer- for the eventfirlrest of Rockefeller'slife. equalityis as mucha part of his family Mr. Smith says,by "poor reading,writ- enceto ThomasAquinas in a newspaper Electedin 1958and re-elected three In contrastwith his New York cam- Iineageas oil wells and art museums," ing, and spelling skills, the misuse of editorial and askeda staffer to arrangea times, Rockefellerleft a legacyin New paigns,Rockefeller's repeated efforts to Mr. Smith observes.Rockefeller's grand- words, and the transpositionof num- meetingwith the eminenttheologian. York of accomplishmentand contro- win the presidencyin the lg60s "ap- father had endowedAtlanta's Spelman bers." This difficulty helpedto shapehis Whenventuring forth to meet a new versy.As he himselfonce said, he loved pearedamateutish," Mr. Smi& notes.In- Collegeto educateblack women; his fa- approachto public life, giving him a challenge,Rockefeller resorted almost re- "to seethe dirt fly," andthe tangiblere- steadofvigorously going after delegates ther had supportedthe UnitedNegro Col- preferencefor the visual over the writ- flexivelyto summoningexperts to advise sult, as Mr. Smith recounts,included "a (ashe did in NewYork in 1958by wooing lege Fund and the Urban League.I/y'hen ten and a pronouncedinclination to rely him. After he left IIEW in late 1954,he stateuniversity expanded from 38,000to countychairmen), he treatedthe nomi- Rockefellerwas vice presidentunder Ger- on supposedexperts as a kind of "intel- becamea specialassistant to President
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