ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
Public Disclosure Authorized MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
FOR
PUNJAB CITIES GOVERNANCE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized
(July 2012)
Public Disclosure Authorized
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB
Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Government of the Punjab (GoPunjab) is planning to launch the Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project (PCGIP) in five large cities of the Province, and seeking the World Bank (WB) financing for this purpose. In order to address the potentially negative environmental and social impacts associated with this Project, but more importantly to integrate environmental management aspects in the cities’ urban planning and development process, the GoPunjab has prepared the present Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The ESMF conforms to the national regulatory and WB safeguard policy frameworks.
BACKGROUND
Large cities in Punjab are facing a long-term demographic shift with an influx of the population from rural areas. The primary centers of this urbanization are the large cities, which have become the drivers of economic growth in the province. With the advantages of economic growth, large cities1 (Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, Multan, and Rawalpindi) have to contend against some distinctive challenges. First challenge is of municipal infrastructure disparity, which includes massive and growing shortfalls in investments and coverage of services. Secondly the institutional complexity in urban systems, particularly, municipal service delivery as the regulatory agencies are fragmented with overlapping responsibilities, limited accountability and few incentives for innovation. Thirdly, urban centers face the challenge of fiscal deficiency characterized by limited revenue generation with unsustainable tariff structures, non-transparent subsidies and a misalignment between expenditure responsibilities and available revenue sources. Simply put, the demand for investment far outstrips the resources that are currently available. Finally there is financial deficiency defined by obscure funding, indistinct accounting systems and limited treasury management systems. Taken together, these challenges often result in the sporadic creation of assets with poor incentive for maintenance, and little impact on the quality of the built environment as a whole.
In this context, improving city productivity requires that public expenditures on the built environment are maximized and can sustain impacts on economic activity and poverty reduction. Municipal service delivery should no longer be seen as capital schemes to be funded on a piece meal and individual basis through public funds from the provincial level. Instead, municipal service delivery should be seen in the context of citywide systems. The focus of city planning, therefore, needs to shift from indiscriminate infrastructure planning to managing cities in order to make them efficient and credit worthy.
1 Here the term Large City means a city with a population of one million or more inhabitants
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page ii Environmental and Social Management Framework
PROJECT OVERVIEW
The objective of the PCGIP is to support Punjab’s large cities in strengthening institutional frameworks and developing systems for improved urban planning, expenditure and accountability and to capacitate these cities to improve delivery of municipal services in a medium to long term on a more sustainable basis. The Project has a number of financial, social, economic and environmental benefits, including institutional development, rehabilitation and improvement of municipal services, better quality of life and employment generation. In addition a large number of secondary benefits are also likely to accrue in the medium to long term such as institutional reforms at local level.
The following types of schemes are included in the Project:
Water supply/drainage: operation and maintenance of existing water supply and drainage assets and operations. Any schemes related to new water supply/drainage or sewage will not be included. Roads: repair and maintenance for existing urban roads, streets, and buildings. This will not include any new road construction or road/street widening.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
The Project is aimed at bringing sustainable development in the cities so that they can continue the process of economic growth and institutional development without compromising on quality of life and well-being of the population. To ensure this, it is necessary that the environmental and social issues are considered and addressed at every stage of Project implementation. To meet this objective, the present ESMF has been prepared, in accordance with the national environmental legislation and regulation as well as World Bank safeguards policies.
Though initially the ESMF will primarily be applicable for the schemes under the Project, an incremental approach will be adopted to gradually expand its application to all service delivery functions in the large cities by the end of the Project. This will thus ensure integration of environmental management aspects in the cities’ entire urban planning and development process.
The ESMF broadly identifies the typical environmental and social issues associated with various types of schemes implemented by the City District Governments (CDGs) and other city entities, and proposes generic mitigation measures to address these impacts. The ESMF also defines environmental and social assessment procedure to be followed by the CDGs and other city entities while preparing, appraising, and implementing individual schemes. This procedure includes the following sequential steps: i) environmental and social screening of every scheme to be implemented by the CDGs and other city entities; ii) conducting an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for each scheme having significantly negative environmental and or social impacts, or preparing an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for each scheme having moderately negative environmental and or social impacts; iii) operationalizing the EIA or ESMP during scheme implementation; and iv) environmental and social monitoring to ensure implementation of EIA or ESMP.
The CDG or other city entity will conduct environmental and social screening for every service delivery scheme, during the scheme identification/preparation stage, on the basis of nature and size of
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page iii Environmental and Social Management Framework scheme as well as the nature and severity of associated environmental and social impacts. The ESMF includes screening checklists to facilitate the implementing agencies for this process. Based upon the outcome of the screening, the CDG or the relevant entity will prepare scheme-specific EIA for each scheme having significant environmental and/or social impacts, or scheme-specific ESMP for each scheme having moderately significant environmental and/or social impacts. The EIA/ESMP will include description of the scheme, description of the area/site where the scheme would be implemented, mitigation and monitoring measures, and cost of EIA/ESMP implementation. To operationalize the EIA/ESMP during scheme implementation, it will be included in the bidding documents/contracts and hence will be made an integral part of the scope of work. Finally, the CDG/other city entities will conduct environmental and social monitoring to ensure effective implementation of the mitigation measures included in the EIA/ESMP. This monitoring will be conducted with the help of checklists prepared on the basis of mitigation measures included in the EIA/ESMP.
To ensure effective and coordinated implementation of the ESMF, an organizational structure has been proposed. Under this structure, a Safeguards Coordinator will be appointed in the Urban Unit. She/he will be responsible for overall implementation of the ESMF, and will coordinate with the implementing agencies at the CDG level and monitor their activities during the implementation phase. The Safeguard Coordinator will also ensure that the cities are properly capacity built to be able to perform the activities as per the requirements of the ESMF by designing and implementing training programs and generating discussions on various forums. At the CDG level, each large city will have a Safeguards Specialist, who will ensure effective implementation of the ESMF within the respective city. S/he will carry out the environmental and social screening of each scheme, prepare the scheme-specific ESMPs2, carryout monitoring to ensure effective implementation of the mitigation measures proposed by the EIA/ESMPs, and produce regular reports, which will document the process and outcome of the entire ESMF implementation during the reporting period.
For an independent assessment of the ESMF implementation, a third party validation (TPV) will also be carried out on an annual basis. The third party validation will not be limited to the schemes implemented under the Project; rather, it will cover all the schemes undertaken by the CDG/city entities, in order to assess the level of integration of the environmental and social concerns in the cities’ entire urban planning and development process.
The ESMF implementation cost has been estimated to be about PKR 52 million. This covers cost of personnel involved in environmental and social management of the Project, capacity building of these and other personnel on environmental and social aspects, and third party validation. The cost of implementation of individual EIA/ESMP will be included in the respective scheme cost.
***************************
2 CDGs/other entities will outsource the scheme-specific EIAs since a team is required to conduct such a study.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page iv Environmental and Social Management Framework
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ii LIST OF ACRONYMS ...... xii 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1. Background ...... 1 1.2. Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project (PCGIP) ...... 2 1.1.1. PCGIP Components ...... 3 1.1.2. Eligible Expenditure Line Items under The Project ...... 5 1.1.3. Implementing Agencies...... 7 1.2. Organizational Structure for PCGIP ...... 7 1.3. PCGIP Benefits and Impacts ...... 8 1.3.1. Financial Benefits ...... 8 1.3.2. Social Benefits ...... 9 1.3.3. Employment Generation ...... 9 1.3.4. Environmental Benefits ...... 9 1.3.5. Impact of Delays on PCGIP Cost and Viability ...... 10 1.4. Objectives of Environmental and Social Management Framework ...... 10 2. EXISTING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ...... 11 2.1. National and Provincial Laws ...... 11 2.1.1. Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 ...... 11 2.1.2. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 ...... 12 2.1.3. National Environmental Quality Standards ...... 12 2.1.4. Land Acquisition Act, 1894 as Amended in 1984 ...... 13 2.1.5. Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 ...... 13 2.1.6. Employment of Child Act, 1991 ...... 14 2.1.7. Legislation related to Cultural and Archaeological Heritage ...... 14 2.2. World Bank Operational Policies ...... 15 2.2.1. Summary of Operational Policies ...... 15 2.2.2. Applicability of Safeguard Policies ...... 17 2.3. Obligations under International Treaties ...... 18 2.4. Competent Regulatory Bodies ...... 19 2.5. Environmental and Social Guidelines ...... 19
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page v Environmental and Social Management Framework
2.5.1. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental and Social Guidelines ...... 19 2.5.2. World Bank Environmental and Social Guidelines ...... 19 3. BASELINE CONDITIONS AND ANALYSES ...... 21 3.1. Overview of Large Cities of Punjab ...... 21 3.1.1. Faisalabad ...... 21 3.1.2. Gujranwala ...... 22 3.1.3. Lahore ...... 22 3.1.4. Multan ...... 22 3.1.5. Rawalpindi ...... 23 3.2. Data on the Green Environment of the Large Cities ...... 23 3.3. Air Quality Data ...... 25 3.4. Urban Land Use Planning...... 25 3.4.1. Faisalabad Development Authority ...... 25 3.4.2. Gujranwala Development Authority ...... 28 3.4.3. Lahore Development Authority ...... 30 3.4.4. Multan Development Authority ...... 30 3.4.5. Rawalpindi Development Authority ...... 30 3.5. Data Sets related to Five CDGs (PCGIP Sectors) ...... 33 3.6. Water Supply and Sanitation ...... 41 3.6.1. Drinking Water ...... 41 3.6.2. Sewage Disposal and Treatment ...... 42 3.6.3. Organizational Structure of WASAs ...... 42 3.6.4. Baseline Data regarding Water Supply and Sanitation ...... 48 3.6.5. Water Quality Data of WASAs ...... 49 3.7. Solid Waste Management ...... 51 3.7.1. SWM System ...... 52 3.7.2. Recycling Potentials and Practices ...... 54 3.7.3. Procedure and Mechanism for Monitoring, Data Recording and Data Sharing ...... 55 3.7.4. Data relating to SWM Services in the 5 Cities ...... 55 3.8. Urban Transport ...... 58 3.8.1. Overview of the General Situation in Five Big Cities of Punjab ...... 58 3.8.2. Pressure on the Urban Transport ...... 60 3.8.3. Registered Motor Vehicles in Five Big Cities of Punjab ...... 63 3.8.4. Level of Transportation Service ...... 64
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page vi Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.8.5. Transport Department Schemes ...... 74 3.9. Data on Accountability and Social Aspects...... 79 4. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...... 90 4.1. Objectives of Stakeholder Consultations ...... 90 4.2. Consultation on Environmental Aspects ...... 90 4.3. Consultation on Social Aspects ...... 91 4.4. Consultations with the Cities on ESMF ...... 92 4.5. Consultation during Scheme Preparation ...... 97 4.5.1. Stakeholders ...... 97 4.5.2. Consultation Process ...... 98 4.5.3. Participation during Project Implementation ...... 98 5. POTENTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ...... 102 5.1. Water Supply and Drainage Schemes ...... 102 5.2. Sewerage / Sanitation Schemes ...... 105 5.3. Solid Waste Management (SWM) ...... 106 5.4. Transportation ...... 108 5.5. Community Amenities ...... 110 6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT ...... 112 6.1. ESMF Institutional Arrangements ...... 112 6.2. Environmental and Social Management Procedure ...... 113 6.2.1. Screening of Schemes ...... 113 6.2.2. Conducting Scheme-Specific Environmental and Social Assessment ...... 116 6.2.3. Implementation of ESMPs and EIAs ...... 117 6.3. Integration of Environmental and Social Safeguards Management in Scheme Life Cycle ...... 117 6.3.1. Preparation of Scheme ...... 118 6.3.2. Scheme Appraisal ...... 118 6.3.3. Sanction, Funds Disbursement and Scheme Implementation ...... 119 6.3.4. Monitoring, Audit and Evaluation ...... 119 6.4. Capacity Building ...... 122 6.5. ESMF Reporting and Documentation ...... 125 6.6. Application of ESMF for Government-Financed Schemes ...... 125 6.7. Summary of Roles and Responsibilities for ESMF Implementation ...... 126 6.8. Entitlements Framework...... 127
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page vii Environmental and Social Management Framework
6.8.1. Social Entitlement Framework ...... 127 6.8.2. Social Impact and Entitlement Framework ...... 127 6.9. Accountability ...... 129 6.9.1. PCGIP and Accountability ...... 129 6.9.2. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 130 6.9.3. Citizen Feedback Mechanism ...... 132 6.9.4. Public Disclosure of Information ...... 133 6.10. Estimated Costs for ESMF Implementation ...... 134
Annexures
Annex – 1. Possible Environmental and Social Issues in Municipal Services Infrastructure Improvement Schemes
Annex – 2. Template for ESMP of a water supply scheme
Annex – 3. Checklsists
Annex – 4. Environmental and Social Screening Form
Annex – 5. Terms of Reference
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page viii Environmental and Social Management Framework
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: World Bank Operational Policy linkages with PCGIP ...... 17 Table 3-1: List of parks in large cities of Punjab ...... 23 Table 3-2: Air quality data of large cities of Punjab ...... 25 Table 3-3: Urban towns in the large cities ...... 33 Table 3-4: Estimated area and population of city districts...... 33 Table 3-5: Area under development authorities’ Control ...... 34 Table 3-6: Master plans in large cities of Punjab ...... 34 Table 3-7: Baseline data related to water and sewerage ...... 48 Table 3-8: Weekly water quality report ...... 49 Table 3-9: Average water quality of Chenab Well Field for the year 2004 ...... 50 Table 3-10: Details of machinery and equipment ...... 54 Table 3-11: Baseline data related to 5 cities of Punjab ...... 55 Table 3-12: Registered motor vehicles of large cities of Punjab ...... 63 Table 3-13: Registered motor vehicles in large cities of Punjab ...... 63 Table 3-14: Level of transportation service in large cities of Punjab ...... 65 Table 3-15: Schemes of transport department ...... 75 Table 3-16: Data on existing complaint system related to WASAs ...... 80 Table 3-17: Additional information of complaints collected from WSP - IBNet ...... 81 Table 3-18: Data on existing complaint system of SWM ...... 82 Table 3-19: Data on existing complaint system related to urban transport ...... 84 Table 3-20: Public disclosure of information of WASAs ...... 86 Table 3-21: Public disclosure of information of SWM departments ...... 87 Table 3-22: Public disclosure of information regarding urban transport ...... 88 Table 1-1: Matrix grading the environmental performance of various services in 5 CDGs…. 90 Table 4-1: Summary of consultations ...... 92 Table 4-2: Participatory framework...... 99 Table 5-1: Generic environmental issues concerning water supply schemes with mitigation measures ...... 103 Table 5-2: Generic environmental impacts and their mitigation measures for drainage schemes ...... 104
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page ix Environmental and Social Management Framework
Table 5-3: Generic environmental issues concerning sewerage with an outline of their mitigation measures ...... 105 Table 5-4: Generic environmental impacts of SWM with their mitigation measures ...... 106 Table 5-5: Generic environmental impacts and their mitigation measures for various schemes of road repair and maintenance ...... 108 Table 5-6: Generic impacts and their mitigation measures for green areas and playground restoration ...... 110 Table 6-1: Profile of schemes with tentative environmental categorization ...... 114 Table 6-2: Categorization of schemes based on social sensitivity ...... 116 Table 6-3: Environmental, social assessment and management process ...... 121 Table 6-4: Generic training program ...... 123 Table 6-5: Roles and responsibilities for ESMF implementation ...... 126 Table 6-6: Social entitlement frameworks for schemes for temporary losses ...... 129 Table 6-7: ESMF implementation cost ...... 134
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page x Environmental and Social Management Framework
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Organizational Chart of the Project Steering Committee for PCGIP ...... 8
Figure 3-1: Organizational Structure of Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) ...... 27
Figure 3-2: Organizational Structure of Gujranwala Development Authority (GDA) ...... 29
Figure 3-3: Organizational Structure of Rawalpindi Development Authority (RDA) ...... 32
Figure 3-4: Jurisdictional Boundaries of Various City Entities of Faisalabad ...... 36
Figure 3-5: Jurisdictional Boundaries of Various City Entities of Gujranwala ...... 37
Figure 3-6: Jurisdictional Boundaries of Various City Entities of Lahore ...... 38
Figure 3-7: Jurisdictional Boundaries of Various City Entities of Multan ...... 39
Figure 3-8: Jurisdictional Boundaries of Various City Entities of Rawalpindi ...... 40
Figure 3-9: Organizational Structure of WASA, Faisalabad ...... 43
Figure 3-10: Organizational Structure of WASA, Gujranwala ...... 44
Figure 3-11: Organizational Structure of WASA, Lahore ...... 45
Figure 3-12: Organizational Structure of WASA, Multan ...... 46
Figure 3-13: Organogram of WASA, Rawalpindi ...... 47
Figure 3-14: Existing SWM System in Punjab Large Cities ...... 53
Figure 3-15: Waste Placement Method in Excavated Cell/Trench Type Landfill ...... 54
Figure 3-16: Organogram of SWM in Multan, Gujranwala, Rawalpindi and Faisalabad ...... 56
Figure 3-17: Organogram of Lahore Waste Management Company ...... 57
Figure 3-18: Organizational Chart of LTC ...... 76
Figure 3-19: Organizational Structure of TEPA ...... 77
Figure 3-20: Organizational Structure of TPU ...... 78
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page xi Environmental and Social Management Framework
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AHs Affected Households
APs Affected Persons
BoQs Bill of Quantities
CDG City District Government
CDWP Central Development Working Party
CPU City Program Unit
C&W Communication and Works
DAMP Development and Asset Management Plan
DCO District Coordination Officer
DO District Officer
DDC District Development Committee
DDSC Departmental Development Sub-Committee
DDWP District Development Working Party
DLI Disbursement Linked Indicator
DA Development Authority
EDO Executive District Officer
EEP Eligible Expenditure Program
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ELIs Expenditure Line Items
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPD Environmental Protection Department
ESMF Environmental Social Management Framework
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page xii Environmental and Social Management Framework
GoP Government of Pakistan
GoPunjab Government of Punjab
IFC International Finance Corporation
LAA Land Acquisition Act
LGD Local Government & Community Development Department
LWMC Lahore Waste Management Company
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
NGO Non Governmental Organization
OP Operational Policy
Pak-EPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
P&DD Planning and Development Department
PCGIP Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project
PDWP Provincial Development Working Party
PHA Parks and Horticulture Authority / Parks and Horticulture Agency
PLGO Punjab Local government Ordinance
SC Steering Committee
PTC Program Technical Cell
R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
SWM Solid Waste Management
TEPA Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency
ToRs Terms of Reference
UU Urban Unit
WASA Water (Supply) and Sanitation Agency
WB World Bank
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page xiii Environmental and Social Management Framework SECTION - 1
1. INTRODUCTION
The Government of the Punjab (GoPunjab) is planning to launch the Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project (PCGIP) in five large cities of the Province, as part of its overall reforms agenda, and seeking the World Bank (WB) financing for this purpose. In order to address and minimize the potentially negative environmental and social impacts associated with this Project, but more importantly to integrate environmental management aspects in the cities’ urban planning and development process, the GoPunjab has prepared the present Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The ESMF conforms to the national environmental legislation as well as the WB safeguards policies.
1.1. BACKGROUND
Large cities in Punjab are facing a long-term demographic shift with an influx of the population from rural areas. The primary centers of this urbanization are the large cities, which have become the drivers of economic growth in the province. With the advantages of economic growth, large cities3 (Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, Multan, and Rawalpindi) have to contend against some distinctive challenges. First challenge is of municipal infrastructure disparity, which includes massive and growing shortfalls in investments and coverage of services. Secondly the institutional complexity in urban systems, particularly, municipal service delivery as the regulatory agencies are fragmented with overlapping responsibilities, limited accountability and few incentives for innovation. Thirdly, urban centers face the challenge of fiscal deficiency characterized by limited revenue generation with unsustainable tariff structures, non-transparent subsidies and a misalignment between expenditure responsibilities and available revenue sources. Simply put, the demand for investment far outstrips the resources that are currently available. Finally there is financial deficiency defined by obscure funding, indistinct accounting systems and limited treasury management systems. Taken together, these challenges often result in the sporadic creation of assets with poor incentive for maintenance, and little impact on the quality of the built environment as a whole. The dichotomy between asset creation and asset management is at the heart of the poor productivity at the city level.
In this context, improving city productivity requires that public expenditures on the built environment are maximized and can sustain impacts on economic activity and poverty reduction. Municipal service delivery – e.g., water supply and sanitation, solid waste management, roads, and transport – should no longer be seen as capital schemes to be funded on a piece meal and individual basis through public funds from the provincial level. Instead, municipal service delivery should be seen in the context of citywide
3 Here the term Large City means a city with a population of one million or more inhabitants
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 1 Environmental and Social Management Framework systems. The focus of city planning, therefore, needs to shift from indiscriminate infrastructure planning to managing cities in order to make them efficient and credit worthy.
1.2. PUNJAB CITIES GOVERNANCE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (PCGIP)
Government of the Punjab (GoPunjab) has committed itself to respond to the severe challenges facing its large cities regarding the service delivery. The GoPunjab realizes that the cities need to be managed as economic entities, where municipal services and governance processes work together to serve the city- economy. For the cities to be considered as economic entities, fundamental shifts in the way cities are defined, structured and managed is required. Accountability for city performance needs to be clarified, and mechanisms to hold cities accountable need to be strengthened. The capacity of city governments to respond to their specific challenges must be strengthened and the system of financing municipal service delivery must be reformed to support the sustainable and efficient delivery of municipal services.
The overall objective of the PCGIP is to improve the economic potential of five large cities of Punjab (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Gujranwala and Rawalpindi). The specific development objective of the PCGIP is to support the Punjab large cities in strengthening systems for improved planning, resource management, and accountability. The project builds on the policy reforms already undertaken by GoPunjab, and focuses on the institutional issues in stage 2 of the urban agenda. The achievement of the development objective will then help the provincial government and help cities to address the third stage of GoP’s urban agenda, i.e. to improve delivery of municipal services in the medium to long term on a more sustainable basis.
The key reforms proposed under PCGIP focus on institutional alignments, allocative efficiencies and fiscal consolidation, and accountability. These reforms are expected to achieve the following outcomes:
1. Improvement in the management of five large cities in Punjab;
2. Enhancement in the revenue of five large cities; and
3. Improvement in asset management and operation and maintenance of assets.
The Project is a proposed US$150 million four-year Disbursement Linked Indicators (DLIs) based Specific Investment Loan operation that lays the foundation of a long-term engagement with the GoPunjab to support their program of reforms in the management and municipal service delivery in the cities.
Project Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries of the project are the 14.5 million urban residents of the five large cities of the Punjab (Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala and Multan) which together constitute one-half of the urban population of the province. Indirectly, the provincial government will benefit from improvements in performance and accountability at the political, administrative, fiscal and operational levels. The other cities in the Punjab, particularly the remaining three large non-project cities
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 2 Environmental and Social Management Framework
(Sialkot, Bahawalpur and Sargodha), are likely to benefit from the capacity building and system development activities under the project.
1.1.1. PCGIP COMPONENTS
The PCGIP is divided into two components as under:
1. Performance Improvement Grant
This component will provide an annual grant to the project cities, based on satisfactory performance in selected governance areas. Disbursements under Component 1 will be made against a set of Eligible Expenditure Programs (EEPs) that reflect non-salary operation and maintenance (O&M) expenditures of existing urban assets and services, such as roads and water supply service in the city. The amount of the performance grant is determined on a Provincial Finance Commission (PFC) formula basis, at an increasing scale of distribution across four years.
EEPs would finance two departments/entities for each city included in the project: the Works and Services Department of City District Governments (CDGs) and Water and Sanitation Agencies (WASAs). Using the 2010-2011 government budget number, the EEPs identified under the project account for about 7.8 % of total expenditure of five cities and their service entities (including expenditure of CDGs, Development Authorities, and WASAs), 10.8 % of total current expenditure4, and 34.8% of total current expenditure related with urban related functions5. The EEPs are under the city current budget—they are: (1) power/energy needed for machinery, operations for asset maintenance and service delivery (56 % of the EEP expenditures); and (2) repair and maintenance of machinery, equipment, roads, buildings, and water supply/drainage (44 % of the EEP expenditures). The Bank’s guidelines on financial management and procurement will be applicable to the EEP and the framework for addressing social and environmental safeguards will be applicable to all activities included in the EEP.
The disbursement decision will be based on achievement of pre-specified results, referred to as disbursement linked indicators (DLIs). The achievement of the seven DLIs will be individually assessed for each city every year by independent assessment teams. The DLIs have been identified with the Government over the course of preparation to reflect specific areas of improvement. The Government is in full agreement on all DLIs currently proposed. The achievement of all DLIs applicable for the year would be required to ensure disbursement.
First-year DLIs were met by Project Appraisal; disbursement for the first year is made on project effectiveness. For following years, a city needs to meet all the DLIs for that particular year in order for disbursement against the next year to be triggered. The funds for the cities which are not qualified for disbursement during the year will be rolled over to the next year for same cities. If cities are not
4 Current expenditure includes mainly salary related expenditure and O&M related expenditure. 5 Urban related functions refer to expenditures under Development Authorities, WASAs, and Works and Services Department and Municipal Services Department of the CDGs.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 3 Environmental and Social Management Framework
qualified for disbursement for two consecutive years, the funds for those cities will be shared by other participating cities that meet the DLIs. If the DLIs are met for a particular city at a year, the city is also required to spend more than or equal to what it received in the previous year for the EEPs in order for the full disbursement for the following year. If the DLIs are met but the city spends less than what it received, then only the amount which is equal to what they have spent on EEPs for that year will be disbursed toward the following year, while the remaining amount will be rolled over to the following year. In that case, the city needs to meet all the DLISs and spend at least the disbursed amount and the remaining balance from previous year’s disbursement in order for full disbursement for the year after. If the city does not meet the spending requirement for two consecutive years, the difference between project funds going to the city and actual spending on EEPs will be shared by other participating cities.
Component 1 focuses on two areas of urban governance and is aligned with the seven DLIs. The first sub-component addresses transparency and voice in the preparation, monitoring and evaluation of plans and programs in urban areas and the second sub-component addresses resource planning and management, seeking to improve decision making, consolidate fragmented revenue sources and strengthen resource mobilization.
Sub-component 1.1: Transparency and voice. Three improvements are supported: (i) institutional alignment in spatial planning. The project supports the introduction of an integrated spatial planning process that will use a common urban boundary definition, and in which all city level institutions participate. In any given urban area there are CDG and other city level service entities, such as WASA and Development Authority (DA). Each of these entities has a different planning remit, and their plans do not cover the same spatial distribution. The resulting lack of coordination hampers the efficient use of development funding; (ii) public disclosure of information. The project supports improvements in the collection (and up-dating) of data, preparation of periodic reports and disclosure of information to citizens; and (iii) citizen feedback. The project also supports the development of a grievance redressal mechanism for citizens, and a citizen scorecard.
Sub-component 1.2: Resource planning and management: Four improvements are supported: (i) capital improvement and asset maintenance. Cities will prepare three-year rolling Development And Asset Management Plan (DAMP); (ii) arrangements for producing annual consolidated financial statements of CDGs and procurement procedures. Cities will implement provincial procedures for procurement, allowing for competitive bidding, public disclosure of results and audits of procurement practices; (iii) intergovernmental finance. Currently there are multiple funding windows, some supporting CDGs and others service entities (e.g. WASA). Government of Punjab will consolidate these transfers into one window, and provide the funds to the CDG, which will then further allocate the funds. This consolidation will allow improved planning and control of resources for city level development expenditures; and (iv) strengthening own source revenue. Cities will increase revenues through improvements in the property tax regime.
2. Project Implementation Support and Capacity Building
This component supports a Program Technical Cell (PTC) under provincial Planning and Development Department’s Urban Unit and City Program Units (CPUs) in the five cities. The project
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 4 Environmental and Social Management Framework
will provide financing through a Designated Account to be held with the Urban Unit for (i) towards office and administrative expenses (goods equipment and operating costs) for the Urban Unit and the five CPUs; and (ii) capacity building activities for entire urban areas in the Province. Funds will disburse against presentation of financial management reports.
The PTC (Urban Unit) is tasked with (i) project management and administration; (ii) project financial management (iii) project reporting; and (iv) monitoring and evaluation.
The PTC will also manage the capacity building activities sponsored under the Project, including; (i) formulation of TOR/ RFP; (ii) assist in short-listing consultants and manage the selection process; (iii) ensure quality assurance on the delivery of the capacity building; and (ii) facilitating knowledge sharing between the five project cities. The capacity building will focus on: (i) city-wide urban planning; (ii) resource planning: (ii) urban immovable property tax (UIPT); (iv) procurement; (v) safeguards; (vi) citizen involvement; and (vii) preparation of service delivery investment pipeline for third stage of GoP urban economic growth strategy.
The schemes financed during PCGIP life cycle would:
(i) ensure that investments commensurate with service demands;
(ii) earn stipulated economic and financial returns;
(iii) be institutionally viable so that the implementing entities are capable of implementing the management arrangements;
(iv) be environmentally and socially acceptable and involve the informed participation of the concerned stakeholders wherever possible; and
(v) ensure that any adverse environmental and social impacts are minimized and/or mitigated.
1.1.2. ELIGIBLE EXPENDITURE LINE ITEMS UNDER THE PROJECT
The Project funds will be available on a programmatic basis rather than for specific schemes. Scheme for the purpose of this document means infrastructure development schemes, repair and maintenance schemes, operation and maintenance works, and restoration and rehabilitation schemes undertaken by CDG and city entities to improve service delivery. These schemes would be the part of a city annual budget. In addition, in the third and fourth year, a single time activity of preparation and approval of 3- year rolling Development and Asset Management Plan has to be carried out by the CDGs and city entities.
The 3-year rolling Development and Asset Management Plan is expected to ensure that balanced apportionment is maintained between investment in new assets and refurbishing and replacement of existing assets through vigorous, multi-year allocation processes. 3-year rolling Development and Asset Management Plan will also ensure that timely expenditures are well integrated with the operation of these
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 5 Environmental and Social Management Framework assets within a life cycle management regime. Only the schemes / projects which are included in 3-year rolling Development and Asset Management Plan and enlisted ELIs shall be eligible for PCGIP loan money. Expenditures made by CDGs and city entities with loan money to execute budget items will be subject to a negative list to comply with Bank’s requirements.
Following are the four types of ELIs in city budget for which loan money received under PCGIP can be used:
1. Repair and maintenance of machinery, equipment, vehicles for operation, and roads.
ELIs included in this category for Works and Services Department of CDGs refer to major expenditures needed for repair and maintenance of existing urban roads and streets. These activities may include but are not limited to; rehabilitation and improvement of road surfaces, rehabilitation and improvement of internal roads, repair and improvement of footpaths, traffic islands and road dividers. Any new road construction or road/street widening expenditure is not included in this budget item. For WASAs, this category refers to expenditures related to operation and maintenance for water supply and drainage assets and operations, such as maintenance or rehabilitation of existing water distribution or transmission lines, construction or rehabilitation of pumping / booster stations, construction / augmentation of water treatment plants, purchase of water tankers and rehabilitation of overhead reservoirs. It is important to note that the repair and maintenance activities are usually under-budgeted for most WASAs and have become a major impediment for the WASAs to operate efficiently. For example, the O&M expenditure for Lahore-WASA for 2010-2011 was about US$ 34 million, while the budget allocated for Lahore- WASA for 2011-2012 is US$ 40 million.
2. Power/energy needed for machinery, operations for asset maintenance and service delivery.
This refers mainly to the power and energy consumption needed for service delivery operations and associated machinery, for both Works and Service Departments and WASAs. This expenditure is substantial especially for WASAs. For instance, Lahore-WASA spent US$ 24 million in 2010-2011 on electricity consumption and provincial government needed to transfer the same to Lahore-WASA, to abridge the budget gap.
3. Purchase of capital assets and equipment for operation and maintenance.
This category refers mainly to WASAs and includes expenditure on purchase of capital assets as well as equipment needed for operation and maintenance. This may include installation of tube wells, supply of pumping machinery or domestic water meters. These investments may cause various environmental or social issues such as change in hydrology and drainage patterns due to the new construction, disturbance to other utility/service lines due to construction activity, impact on public/private properties and other sensitive receptors along the water supply lines during construction or disposal of excavated soil.
4. Rehabilitation of existing assets and services.
This category includes expenditure for the rehabilitation of existing roads and streets. Any capital expenditure on new construction of roads or road widening is not included in this category.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 6 Environmental and Social Management Framework
1.1.3. IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
The GoPunjab will manage the entire PCGIP, though the project funds would be passed on to the cities in entirety. The funds under the Project would be spent by the CDGs and the city level entities, i.e. Development Authorities, WASA, Parks and Horticulture Authorities/Agencies (PHAs), Traffic Engineering and Planning Agencies (TEPAs) and Lahore Waste Management Company. The proposed financial support will help CDGs and city entities to bring improvement in municipal service delivery, which is deficient in current situation due to inadequate spending on O&M, unpredictable budget allocations, ineffective system of asset management and weak institutional capacities.
1.2. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR PCGIP
The Urban Unit under the provincial Planning and Development Department (P&D) is tasked with formulating and coordinating policy reforms related to urban management and infrastructure service delivery. The Urban Unit (UU) is staffed and equipped with multi-disciplinary skills.
A Steering Committee (SC) will be responsible for overall guidance and monitoring of the project implementation. It consists of the Chairman P&DD, Project Director (UU) as secretary, four provincial department secretaries, and all the five DCOs of the project districts. A dedicated Program Technical Cell (PTC) for the project will be created within the UU. The PTC in UU will be responsible for liaison, internal monitoring, implementing the core capacity building programs, fiduciary and M&E, and consolidated overall reporting of implementation progress. The PTC will provide dedicated support to the UU to fulfill its obligations under the project as described above.
A City Program Unit (CPU) will be established in each of the five cities to support project implementation and assist them to deliver on the city level activities. CPUs will support and facilitate work in close coordination with the administrations / DCO in each city who shall be ultimately responsible for delivering on the project activities. CPU shall be adequately manned with requisite skills to support the cities deliver on the project results. The organizational hierarchy of PCGIP is presented in Figure 1-1.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 7 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Steering Committee
The Urban Unit Director General Monitoring
City District Government CDG
City Program Unit
DG (DA) EDO EDO EDO EDO (WSS) (CD) (MS) (F&P)
MD MD TEPA DO DO DO DO Sp. WASA PHA Lahore Transport SWM/LWMC ENV Planning
FIGURE 1-1: ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF THE PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE FOR PCGIP * The environmental and social safeguard specialist will be housed both in the PTC within the Urban Unit and the City Program Unit
1.3. PCGIP BENEFITS AND IMPACTS
1.3.1. FINANCIAL BENEFITS
The PCGIP has been designed to enhance the economic activity within the city. The legal and institutional framework shall expedite and facilitate the sustainable development and economic growth with significant benefits for both the citizens and the Government. The investment in urban infrastructures rehabilitation shall result in creation of skilled jobs. Institutional development shall significantly improve the quality of life with in the city areas, with improved municipal services, better quality of life, a growing economy and poverty alleviation.
GoPunjab is aware of the multifarious financial benefits expected as an outcome of the intervention as current conditions spell extreme hardship for residents of these cities. Currently in five cities on the average solid waste collection and disposal efficiency ranges from 65 % to 70 %, water supply and sewerage range from 60 % and 65 % coverage and public transport services suffer from inappropriate operation timetables and inefficient use of road space. GoPunjab, therefore, is determined to introduce
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 8 Environmental and Social Management Framework high quality municipal services, which will provide better public amenities. The financial benefits arising from the proposed intervention will go beyond the trickle down approach to development and instantly enable grassroots oriented socio-economic well-being.
1.3.2. SOCIAL BENEFITS
Currently public participation in investment decision is almost negligible in cities and accountability of city entities to citizen and to higher tiers of GoPunjab is poor. PCGIP will enable the city government to manage the built environment as a whole. This will help in establishing clear lines of accountability between the CDGs and its citizens, and with higher tiers of government. In order to foster greater ownership and sustainability, the citizen participation would be encouraged in the preparation of 3-year rolling Development and Asset Management Plan. The decision of the government would be disseminated to the citizens. CDGs and city entities would institute citizen feedback survey to assess the satisfaction level of citizens on municipal service delivery and grievance redress system would be strengthened. Clear incentives for performance will be introduced for service providers, alongside greater authority for cities to pursue their long-term development goals. The strong Local Governance System and improved service delivery would restore the hustle and bustle of the city areas and the rich cultural traditions and activities.
1.3.3. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
The institutional realignment and its capacity building both at Provincial and City District level shall create employment opportunities, including experts, professionals and skilled and unskilled human resource. The implementation of municipal services improvement schemes shall provide employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in various infrastructure and service delivery components. The CDGs and city entities would be encouraged to hire local labor and expertise in implementation of schemes. The schemes undertaken in this project particularly the rehabilitation of the existing assets and services will give the locals the opportunity to work and earn. The project is aimed at the improvement of the current institutional structure and its revamping will surely create jobs for the professionals and well- educated personals. Furthermore the overall impact of the project in enhancing the economic conditions of the CDGs will indirectly create employment and improve the standard of living of the people.
1.3.4. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Improvement in city systems for the management of municipal services and infrastructure, better and environment friendly services of solid waste management, water and sanitation and reduced traffic congestion are some of the key interventions of PCGIP. The enforcement of environmental safeguards during the operation of municipal services improvement schemes shall result in mitigation of environmental hazards with better facilities, leading to significant improvements in the urban environment of the cities.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 9 Environmental and Social Management Framework
1.3.5. IMPACT OF DELAYS ON PCGIP COST AND VIABILITY
The PCGIP risks setback on account of undue delays, hindrances and impediments, which would threaten the financial viability and the social context for change in the cities. With ever increasing costs of energy, materials production, freight and haulage, the resources needed to execute schemes at a later stage would increase exponentially-as would the deterioration and degradation of the city environment. However at this point in time, all stakeholders are working to get this project approved so that local government should benefit from the project without any further delays.
1.4. OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
Under the PCGIP, the GoPunjab intends to promote environmentally sound and socially acceptable schemes by integrating environmental and social considerations in its operations. It is envisaged that each of these investments will improve living standards and environmental conditions in and around the locale. The GoPunjab, CDGs and city entities shall ensure that all schemes that will be executed are environmentally sound with social relevance and acceptability.
Recognizing the likely environmental and social issues that may arise during implementation of any schemes referred as ELIs at the local level, there is a need to have an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The ESMF provides CDGs and city entities with an overall framework for identification, assessment and management of environmental and social issues at the scheme level.
The ESMF also aims to ensure that CDGs and city entities adopt and pursue sound environmental and social policies and procedures during their routine functions. Therefore, the present ESMF will not only be applicable to the schemes to be implemented under the Project, it will also be gradually adopted for all service delivery functions in the large cities, by the end of the Project. This will thus ensure integration of environmental management aspects in the cities’ entire urban planning and development process.
The specific objectives of the ESMF are to:
(i) ensure that schemes to be designed and implemented under the Project are environmentally sound and socially acceptable;
(ii) ensure that the schemes under the Project comply with the national regulatory and WB policy frameworks; and
(iii) internalize and integrate the environmental and social management procedures and processes in the routine projects/operations/service delivery of CDGs and city entities.
**********************
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 10 Environmental and Social Management Framework SECTION - 2
2. EXISTING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
This section discusses the policy, legal and administrative framework as well as institutional set-up relevant to the environmental and social assessment of the proposed Project. Also included in the section are the environmental and social guidelines from the national agencies as well as international donors and other organizations.
2.1. NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL LAWS
Pakistan’s statute books contain a number of laws concerned with the regulation and control of the environmental and social aspects. However, the enactment of comprehensive legislation on the environment, in the form of an act of parliament, is a relatively new phenomenon. Most of the existing laws on environmental and social issues have been enforced over an extended period of time, and are context-specific. The laws relevant to the developmental projects are briefly reviewed below.
2.1.1. PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1997
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 (the Act) is the basic legislative tool empowering the government to frame regulations for the protection of the environment (the ‘environment’ has been defined in the Act as: (a) air, water and land; (b) all layers of the atmosphere; (c) all organic and inorganic matter and living organisms; (d) the ecosystem and ecological relationships; (e) buildings, structures, roads, facilities and works; (f) all social and economic conditions affecting community life; and (g) the inter-relationships between any of the factors specified in sub-clauses ‘a’ to ‘f’). The Act is applicable to a broad range of issues and extends to socioeconomic aspects, land acquisition, air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution, as well as the handling of hazardous waste. The discharge or emission of any effluent, waste, air pollutant or noise in an amount, concentration or level in excess of the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) specified by the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) has been prohibited under the Act, and penalties have been prescribed for those contravening the provisions of the Act. The powers of the Federal and Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (EPAs), established under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance 19836 have also been
6 Superseded by the Pakistan environmental Protection Act, 1997.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 11 Environmental and Social Management Framework considerably enhanced under this legislation and they have been given the power to conduct inquiries into possible breaches of environmental law either of their own accord, or upon the registration of a complaint.
The requirement for environmental assessment is laid out in Section 12 (1) of the Act. Under this section, no project / scheme involving construction activities or any change in the physical environment can be undertaken unless an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) or an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is conducted, and approval is received from the Federal or relevant Provincial EPA. Section 12 (6) of the Act states that the provision is applicable only to such categories as may be prescribed. The categories are defined in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 and are discussed in Section 2.1.2 below.
2.1.2. PAKISTAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REVIEW OF IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS, 2000
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 (the ‘Regulations’), developed by the Pak-EPA under the powers conferred upon it by the Act, provides the necessary details on preparation, submission and review of the IEE and the EIA. Categorization of projects / scheme for IEE and EIA is one of the main components of the Regulations. Projects/ schemes have been classified on the basis of expected degree of adverse environmental impacts. Project types listed in Schedule I are designated as potentially less damaging to the environment, and those listed in Schedule II as having potentially serious adverse effects. Schedule I projects / schemes require an IEE to be conducted, provided they are not located in environmentally sensitive areas. For the Schedule II projects/ schemes, conducting an EIA is necessary. Most of the schemes to be undertaken during PCGIP implementation are expected to fall under Schedule I of the Regulations.
2.1.3. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS
The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), promulgated under the PEPA 1997, specify the following standards:
Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in gaseous emissions from industrial sources, Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants in municipal and industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment and sea (three separate set of numbers), Maximum allowable emissions from motor vehicles, Ambient air quality standards. Drinking water standards, Noise standards.
The NEQS for industrial and municipal effluent, air emissions, smoke, and noise standards for motor vehicles were established for Pakistan in August 1993. The standards for liquid municipal and industrial effluents identify 32 characteristics of effluents that affect environmental quality and are regulated by the Pakistan EPA. Most of these NEQS will be applicable to the interventions under the Project.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 12 Environmental and Social Management Framework
2.1.4. LAND ACQUISITION ACT, 1894 AS AMENDED IN 1984
The Land Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894 amended from time to time has been the de-facto policy governing land acquisition and compensation in the country. The LAA is the most commonly used law for acquisition of land and other properties for development projects. It comprises of 55 sections pertaining to area notifications and surveys, acquisition, compensation and apportionment awards and disputes resolution, penalties and exemptions.
The LAA ensures that no person is deprived of land except under law and entitles affected persons (landowner, tenant or licensee) to a hearing before acquisition, with due and adequate compensation made thereafter. Only landowners, tenants and licensees are possible compensation recipients. The landless, agricultural and non-agricultural laborers, artisans, forest produce collectors are excluded from such compensations. The Act deals with cash compensation and provides several methods of valuation for compensation. Several departments use negotiations as a means to fix compensation to acquire land. Grievance redressal mechanisms are also in place and affected persons may seek the intervention of the High Court and Supreme Court.
The ‘Government Order’ provides for acquisition of land through negotiation and assessment of land value by a committee. The District Coordination Officer (DCO) and/or Land Acquisition Collector have the powers to approve the rate for acquisition. The reason for resorting to private negotiation is to implement schemes within a time bound schedule, arrive at an acceptable value and pre-empt protracted court cases, which are all time delay processes.
The schemes involving land acquisition will not be included under the PCGIP.
2.1.5. PUNJAB LOCAL GOVERNMENT ORDINANCE, 2001
The Punjab Local Government Ordinance (PLGO) 2001, very clearly lays down the mode and procedure for acquiring immovable property. Section 125 of the Ordinance reads as under:
“Whenever any local government considers it necessary or expedient it may acquire or purchase any immovable property for public purposes:
Provided that in case of purchase of property, the agreement of purchase shall be in writing:
Provided further that until the development authorities are merged with any other department or authority of a local government, the development authorities decentralized to District Government, Tehsil Municipal Administration and Town Municipal Administration may acquire land for development purposes and may sell or dispose of thereafter in accordance with the existing laws and the rules made there under.”
In elaboration of these provisions, the Punjab Local Government (Property) Rules 2003, Rule 15 reads as under:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 13 Environmental and Social Management Framework
“(1) Whenever any land or other immovable property is required by a Local Government for any purpose mentioned in the Ordinance, the concerned District Nazim, Tehsil / Town Nazim and Union Nazim, as the case may be, take such steps as may be necessary to acquire the same by an agreement with the owner on behalf of the council after inviting quotations through the press and subject to other conditions as provided in the Punjab Local Government (Contract) Rules, 2003.
(2) If any land or other immovable property cannot be acquired by an agreement under sub-rule (1) the Local Government may move for acquisition of such property under relevant law.”
2.1.6. EMPLOYMENT OF CHILD ACT, 1991
Article 11(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mines or any other hazardous employment. In accordance with this Article, the Employment of Child Act (ECA), 1991 disallows the child labor in the country. The ECA defines a child to mean a person who has not completed his/her fourteenth years of age. The ECA states that no child shall be employed or permitted to work in any of the occupation set forth in the ECA (such as transport sector, railways, construction, and ports) or in any workshop wherein any of the processes defined in the Act is carried out. The processes defined in the Act include carpet weaving, biri (kind of a cigarette) making, cement manufacturing, textile, construction and others).
The CDGs, city entities and their contractors will be bound by the ECA to disallow any child labor at the scheme sites.
2.1.7. LEGISLATION RELATED TO CULTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE
The Antiquities Act, 1975, which is a federal law, provides for protection of cultural resources. Antiquities have been defined as ancient products of human activity, historical sites, sites of archaeological or cultural interest, and national monuments. The Act prohibits new constructions in proximity of the protected antiquities.
The Punjab Special Premises (Preservation) Ordinance, 1985 provides a legal framework for preservation of premises of historical, cultural, archaeological, and architectural value in the province. The Ordinance specifically prohibits implementation of developmental schemes or new constructions within a radius of two hundred feet from notified special premises.
Both laws will be applicable to the Project and the notified areas / sites will constitute negative areas for undertaking construction activities under the schemes.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 14 Environmental and Social Management Framework
2.2. WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICIES
2.2.1. SUMMARY OF OPERATIONAL POLICIES
The WB Operational Policies (OPs) are discussed in the following sections.
WORLD BANK OP 4.01 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS
Operational Policy 4.01 (OP 4.01) is one of the ten safeguard policies of the World Bank, which provides the Environmental Assessment (EA) guidance for the lending operations. This policy requires the borrower to screen schemes upstream in the scheme / project cycle for potential impacts. Depending on nature and scale of scheme / project, an appropriate EA approach is selected to assess, minimize / enhance and mitigate potentially adverse impacts. The policy requires consultation with affected groups and NGOs to recognize community concerns and the need to address the same as part of EA.
Since none of the scheme envisaged to be financed under PCGIP are likely to be large scale, unprecedented and/or irreversible, the PCGIP has been classified as Category B, in accordance with OP 4.01. The present ESMF is being prepared for compliance of OP 4.01.
WORLD BANK OP 4.12 INVOLUNTARY RESETTLEMENT
This Policy describes the Bank’s policy and procedures on involuntary resettlement as well as the conditions those borrowers are expected to meet in operations involving resettlement. The objective of the Bank’s policy is to ensure that population displaced by a scheme / project also benefits from the same and that standard of living is improved, or at a minimum, restored. The proposed interventions under the Project will not require any resettlement, therefore this OP is not triggered.
FORESTRY (OP 4.36)
The objective of this Policy is to assist the WB’s borrowers to harness the potential of forests to reduce poverty in a sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively into sustainable economic development, and protect the vital local and global environmental services and values of forests.
None of the schemes under PCGIP would be located inside any forested areas. Hence the OP 4.36 is not triggered.
NATURAL HABITAT (OP 4.04)
The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection, maintenance, and rehabilitation of natural habitats and their functions.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 15 Environmental and Social Management Framework
All of the schemes under PCGIP are located in areas where they would pose no threat to the natural habitat, therefore, the OP 4.04 is not triggered for the Project.
PEST MANAGEMENT (OP 4.09)
Through this OP, the WB supports a strategy that promotes the use of biological or environmental control methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides.
Being an urban project, the PCGIP does not involve any cultivation or associated activities, nor does it include sales, purchase, or usage of pesticides and fertilizers. Therefore this OP is not relevant.
SAFETY OF DAMS (OP 4.37)
The Policy seeks to ensure that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for the safety of dams the WB finances. However this OP is not relevant since the proposed PCGIP does not involve construction of dams.
PROJECTS ON INTERNATIONAL WATERWAYS (OP 7.50)
This OP defines the procedure to be followed for projects the WB finances that are located on any water body that forms a boundary between, or flows through two or more states. However, no scheme under PCGIP will be located on any such waterways. Hence this OP is not triggered.
WORLD BANK OP 4.11 PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES
This Policy describes the Bank’s policy and procedures on physical and cultural resources. These include movable and immovable objects, structures, group of structures and natural features, and landscape that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. The objective of this policy is to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development schemes that the Bank finances. The impact on physical cultural resources resulting from schemes, including mitigating measures, may not contravene either the borrower’s national legislation or its obligations under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements.
The PCGIP involves works at the existing infrastructure, which are located in settled areas. Hence no cultural property is likely to be affected which may trigger this OP. However, the ESMF includes guidelines to guide implementing agencies, should any such property is discovered during Project activities. The activities under the Project will not be carried out in the areas notified by the Government as protected.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE (OP 4.10)
For purposes of this policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 16 Environmental and Social Management Framework
self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and an indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country or region.
The OP defines the process to be followed if the project affects the indigenous people.
No indigenous people - with a social and cultural identity distinct from the dominant society that makes them vulnerable to being disadvantaged in the development process – are known to exist in five cities. Therefore this OP is not triggered.
PROJECTS IN DISPUTED AREAS (OP 7.60)
Projects in disputed areas may raise a number of delicate problems affecting relations not only between the Bank and its member countries, but also between the borrower and one or more neighboring countries. In order not to prejudice the position of either the Bank or the countries concerned, any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is located is dealt with at the earliest possible stage.
The Bank may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project proposed for country A should go forward without prejudice to the claims of country B.
This OP is not triggered since none of five cities of Punjab is located in any disputed territory.
2.2.2. APPLICABILITY OF SAFEGUARD POLICIES
Applicability of the WB safeguard policies – on the basis of the discussion above - with respect to the environmental and social issues associated with the PCGIP is summarized in Table 2-1 below.
TABLE 2-1: WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL POLICY LINKAGES WITH PCGIP
Operational Policy Triggered Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) Yes Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) No Forestry (OP 4.36) No Natural Habitat (OP 4.04) No Pest Management (OP 4.09) No Safety of Dams (OP 4.37) No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 17 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Operational Policy Triggered Projects in International Waters (OP 7.50) No Cultural Property (OP 4.11) No Indigenous People (OP 4.10) No Projects in Disputed Area (OP 7.60) No
2.3. OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
Pakistan is signatory of several Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), including:
Basel Convention, Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol, UN Convention to Combat Desertification, Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), UN Convention on the Law of Seas (LOS), Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Cartina Protocol.
These MEAs impose requirements and restrictions of varying degrees upon the member countries, in order to meet the objectives of these agreements. However, the implementation mechanism for most of these MEAs is weak in Pakistan and institutional setup mostly nonexistent. The MEA most applicable for the Project is the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), under which certain pesticides such as dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (commonly known as DDT) cannot be used.
2.4. COMPETENT REGULATORY BODIES
The apex environmental body in the country is the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC), which is presided by the Chief Executive of the Country. Other bodies include the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA), provincial EPAs (for four provinces, AJK and Gilgit Baltistan), and environmental tribunals.
The EPAs were first established under the 1983 Environmental Protection Ordinance; the PEPA, 1997 further strengthened their powers. The EPAs have been empowered to receive and review the environmental assessment reports (IEEs and EIAs) of the proposed projects, and provide their approval
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 18 Environmental and Social Management Framework
(or otherwise). In the project implementation phase, the District Officer, Environment [DO (E)] will be the responsible person within the local government set – up to confirm compliance of the PEPA, 1997.
2.5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GUIDELINES
Two sets of guidelines, the Pak-EPA’s guidelines and the World Bank environmental guidelines are reviewed here. These guidelines address the environmental as well as social aspects.
2.5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY’S ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GUIDELINES
The Federal EPA has prepared a set of guidelines for conducting environmental assessments. The guidelines derive from much of the existing work done by international donor agencies and non- governmental organizations (NGOs). The package of regulations, of which the guidelines form a part, includes the PEPA, 1997 and the NEQS. These guidelines are listed below;
Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Guidelines for Public Consultation, Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas, Sectoral Guidelines.
It is stated in the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000 that the EIA or IEE must be prepared, to the extent practicable, in accordance with the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Guidelines.
2.5.2. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL GUIDELINES
The principal World Bank publications that contain environmental and social guidelines are listed below.
Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines prepared by International Finance Corporation and World Bank in 1997. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998: Towards Cleaner Production Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume I: Policies, Procedures, and Cross-Sectoral Issues. Social Analysis Sourcebook. All Environmental and Social Safeguard Operational Policies.
***************************
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 19 Environmental and Social Management Framework SECTION - 3
3. BASELINE CONDITIONS AND ANALYSES
3.1. OVERVIEW OF LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB
3.1.1. FAISALABAD
Faisalabad, formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan. Faisalabad district lies between longitude 73° and 74° East, latitude 30° and 31.5° North, at an elevation of about 184 meters (605 feet) above sea level. There is no natural boundary between Faisalabad and the adjoining districts. Faisalabad is bounded by Chiniot towards west, by Toba Tek Singh towards west-southwest, Hafizabad towards north, by Nankana Sahib and Okara towards east-northeast, and by Sahiwal towards south-southeast. River Chenab flows about 30 km in the northwest while River Ravi meanders about 40 km off the city in the south east. Lower Chenab canal is the main source of irrigation water, which meets the requirements of 80% of cultivated land. The soil of Faisalabad comprises of alluvial deposits mixed with loess having calcareous characteristics. The population of Faisalabad City in 2011 was about 2.6 million with the growth rate of 2.06% per annum.7
3.1.2. GUJRANWALA
Gujranwala is an industrial city in the north-east of the Punjab province with a population of approximately 1.66 million in 2011. Gujranwala is located at 32.16° North and 74.18° East, and is 226 meters (744 feet) above sea-level. Gujranwala is bounded by Gujrat and Sialkot towards north and northeast, by Sheikhupura towards south and southeast, and by Mandi Bahauddin and Hafizabad towards west. Gujranwala is a major agricultural and industrial city of Punjab. Gujranwala's industrial areas have numerous textile mills, cutlery manufacturing and large agricultural processing plants, ceramics industries, electronic equipments and auto industry.
7 Sources: City brief of Faisalabad, the Urban Unit (2010); Punjab Development Statistics – 2011, Bureau of Statistics, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, December 2010; Official website of City District Government, Faisalabad (http://faisalabad.gov.pk/statistics.aspx?task=geo accessed on 14 April 2012).
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 20 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Gujranwala has a size/density profile which is simultaneously challenging and replicable. It has a complexity profile that demands creatively feasible solid waste management (SWM) responses. It is seen as the most unplanned city with a myriad of population clusters: old city area; new planned and unplanned settlements; and congested industrial establishments. The key problems of this area with reference to SWM are: weak organizational setup of SWM (absence of technical, finance, engineering and administrative wings); and shortage of machinery (only 500 tons of waste is lifted out of 800 tons every day).8
3.1.3. LAHORE
Lahore is the capital of the Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a major cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub. Lahore is the largest city and provincial capital of Punjab with a population of about 6.8 million (2011 estimates). Situated between 31°15′—31°45′ N and 74°01′—74°39′ E, Lahore is bounded by the Sheikhupura District towards north and west, by India towards east, by Kasur District towards south, and by Nankana Sahib towards west and southwest. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore. About 87% population has access to safe water supply. Increase in water supply and efficiency improvements through water conservation and water loss reduction are required to meet the demands of rapidly increasing population. 9
3.1.4. MULTAN
Multan, the city of saints and shrines is among the oldest cities in the Asian subcontinent. Multan is located in the southern part of the Punjab province on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country. Situated at 30°11′52″N and 71°28′11″E, Multan is bounded by Khanewal towards north and northeast, by Lodhran towards east, by Bahawalpur towards south, and by Muzaffargarh towards west. Population of the Multan City was about 1.57 million in 2011. 10
3.1.5. RAWALPINDI
Rawalpindi is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan in Punjab province near capital city of Islamabad. Located at 33°36′0″N and 73°02′0″E, Rawalpindi in bounded by Islamabad and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province towards north, Azad Jammu and Kashmir towards east, Jhelum and Chakwal towards south, and
8 Gujranwala city profile, JICA (2008) and www.gujranwalatv.com/gujranwala.htm; Punjab Development Statistics – 2011, Bureau of Statistics, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, December 2010. 9 City Brief of Lahore, the urban Unit (2010); Punjab Development Statistics – 2011, Bureau of Statistics, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, December 2010. 10 Source: Wikipedia (accessed on 14 April 2012); Punjab Development Statistics – 2011, Bureau of Statistics, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, December 2010.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 21 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Attock towards west. In the 1950s, Rawalpindi was smaller than Hyderabad and Multan, but the city's economy received a boost during the building of Islamabad (1959–1969), during which time Rawalpindi served as the national capital. Population of the Rawalpindi City was about 1.8 million in 2011. Rawalpindi is located about 275 km to the north-west of Lahore.11
3.2. DATA ON THE GREEN ENVIRONMENT OF THE LARGE CITIES
Punjab being an agriculture based province has a remarkable variety of flora and fauna. From green belts to national parks and forests, the large cities show a variety of ecological components that need to be preserved during the project. These assets of the physical environment are precious and play a very important role in preservation of aesthetics. Like many other cities of Punjab, gardens were built in Lahore during the Mughal era, some of which still survive. The Shalimar Gardens were laid out during the reign of Shah Jahan. The many other gardens and parks in the city include Hazuri Bagh, Iqbal Park, Mochi Bagh, Gulshan Iqbal Park, Model Town Park, Race Course Park, Nasir Bagh Lahore, Jallo Park, Wild Life Park, and Changa Manga, an artificial forest near Lahore in the Kasur district. Another example is the Bagh-e-Jinnah, a 141-acre (57 ha) botanical garden that houses entertainment and sports facilities as well as a library12. The vegetation cover along with the canal road shows an array of flora including Kikar, Shesham and eucalyptus. Apart from Lahore, other cities also display a large variety of biodiversity and ecological set up. The typical trees that are grown, are Shisham, Kikar and Mulberry. The vegetation cover varies from dense green mats to think canopies to sparse growth of shrubs. Due to rapid urbanization, the green component of the cities’ environment has been badly affected leading to a grave decline in the biodiversity. In the project such measures are need to be ensured that promote the growth of green and sustainable environment and cutting of trees and associated adverse impacts should be avoided at all levels. List of parks and gardens in the five large cities is presented in Table 3-1.
TABLE 3-1: LIST OF PARKS IN LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB
Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore Multan Rawalpindi 1.Bagh-e-Jinah 1. Khawaja Ground 1. Badami Bagh 1. Allama Iqbal Park 1. Ayub National Park Park(Company Park). 2.Sagheer Shaheed 2. Bagh-e-Jinnah Nawan Shehar 2. Liaquat National 2. Fun Land. Park 3. Gulistan-e-Zehra 2. Faisal Mukhtar Park Bagh 3. Sindbad 3. Muhannadi park Garden Mumtazabad 3. Rawalpindi Golf Amusement Park 4. Ladies Park , model 4. Gulshan-e-Iqbal 3. Goal Bagh Park Course Faisalabad town Park Gulgasht 4. Rawalpindi Public 4. Gatwala Forest Park 5. D Park 5. Hazuri Bagh 4. Green Belt Bosan Park (well known as Faisalabad Road Nawaz Sharif Part) Sheranwala Bagh 6. Iqbal Park 5. Butt Water Land 5. Green Belt near 5. Jinnah Park, near 6. Janat Bibi Park 7. Model Town Park 6. Aqua land water Kalma Chowk Kachari Chowk, Civil 7. Milad-e- Mustafa 6. Ibne Qasim Park Lines
11 Sources: City brief of Rawalpindi, the Urban Unit (2010); and Wikipedia (accessed on April 15, 2012); Punjab Development Statistics – 2011, Bureau of Statistics, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, December 2010. 12 The study of ecology and ecological linkages of Lahore Canal bank , WWF Pakistan.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 22 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore Multan Rawalpindi park Park 8. Mochi Bagh Qilla Kohna Qasim 6. Romi Park, 7. D-Ground Central 9. Nasir Bagh Bagh Peshawar Road Park 10. National Bank 7. Jalal Masjid Park 7. DHA Jungle Park 8. Pahare ground Park Gulgasht (DHA Phase I, Rawalpindi) 9. Madina Welfare 11. Riwaz Garden 8. Ladies Park Gulgasht 8. Shah Balot Park Society Park. 12. Shahdara Bagh 9. Ladies Park 9. Race Course 10. 13. Shalimar Gardens Rashidabad Ladies Park Dhoke 14. Sukh Chayn 10. Langey Khan Park Hassu Gardens near Civil Hospital 11. Children Park in 15. Zaman Park Chowk Commercial Market 16. Gulshan Iqbal Park 11. MDA Park 12. 502 Workshop opposite Circuit House Park (Zia Park) 17. Jallo Park 12. Gulzar-e-Mustafa Lalazar 18. Jilani Park Park at Jalapur Pirwala 13. Dussehra Ground 19. Joyland 13. Park at Qadirpur Asghar Mall 20. Sozo Water Park Raan 14. Ladies & 21. Skyland Water 14. Park behind Children’s Park, Park Multan Arts Council Gawalmadi 22.Danishmandan 15. Pervez Elahi Park 15. Ladies Gym Park, Botanic Garden Kiri Jamandan 16. Liaqat Bagh Rwp 23. Government 16. Purana Silli Khana College University Park Botanic Garden 17. Qasim Bagh Park 24. Lahore Botanical Quila Kohna Qasim Gardens Bagh 25. Wildlife Safari 18. shamsabad Park Park Phase 1 26. Changa Manga 19. Shamsabad Park Wildlife Park Phase 2 27. Jallo Wildlife Park 20. Shah Shams Park 28. Lahore Zoo Daulat Gate 29. Lahore Zoo Safari 21. Tinik Shah Park (also called Woodland Shamsabad Wildlife Park) 22. Zakariya Park Phase-II.
3.3. AIR QUALITY DATA
Air pollution is considered to be primarily an urban problem in Punjab as the rate of urbanization increases. The urban air quality is being deteriorated due to inadequate traffic flow and transport management (which has not been given due importance until now), use of outdated technology including fuel substitution and non availability of less polluted fuels (e.g. low Sulfur fuels, CNG), and fuel adulteration, and non existence of management tools for effective implementation of laws linking control on emissions, strengthening vehicle inspection and maintenance and transport planning. The ambient air quality data for large cities is provided in the Table 3-2.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 23 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 3-2: AIR QUALITY DATA OF LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB
SO CO NO PM Cities Ozone (µg/m3) 2 x 2.5 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Faisalabad 32.8 72.8 2.5 164.4 252.3 Gujranwala 31.5 75.3 2.3 179.2 260.3 Lahore 32.8 72.8 2.5 164.4 252.3 Multan 15.0 29.0 1.78 77.0 178.9 Rawalpindi 46.0 74.0 2.0 170.5 255.2 NEQS - 80.0 5.0 40.0 40.0 Source: Punjab EPA Air Quality Data of Major Cities of Punjab, January 2010
SO2: Sulfur Dioxide; CO: Carbon monoxide; NOx: Oxides of Nitrogen; PM2.5: Particulate Matter up to 2.5 microns.
TRENDS IN THE AIR QUALITY OF LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB
The degradation in air quality of all the five cities is a major environmental concern these days. Air pollution levels in urban centers have either crossed safe limits given in the NEQS or have reached the threshold values. About 60 to 70 % of the deterioration in the air quality is due to the vehicular emissions. The parameters which have proved to be the major threat are particulate matter and concentration of oxides of nitrogen that are relatively higher in all the large cities of Punjab. The PM2.5 has shown an estimated increase of more than 60 % since last 3 years. Further the present road infrastructure cannot cater the need of growing automobiles flow resulting in the mounting concentrations of NOx and SO2. There is dire need to adopt strict measures to obviate this issue, which is not only a hazard for the environment but also to the health and quality of life of the people.
3.4. URBAN LAND USE PLANNING
3.4.1. FAISALABAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
The Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) was created under the Punjab Development of Cities Act, 1976 Succeeding Lyallpur Improvement Trust (1956). Urban Development (UD) wing is responsible for the planning, designing and implementation of various urban development projects in accordance with the function of Authority. Various directorates were established for the purpose to accomplish the diverse assignments, organogram of FDA is presented in Figure 3-1.
WASA was created in 1978 as an agency of FDA for the planning, designing, development and maintenance of water supply sewerage and draining system in Faisalabad through various directorates established for the purpose to accomplish the assignment. Functions of FDA are outlined as under:
Development of new housing colonies
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 24 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Development of Katchi Abadis Building Control Execution of ADP Schemes Execution of Deposit Works Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage Environmental Improvement Schemes Regulation of Industrial Development Reports on Traffic / Transportation
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 25 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Director General
ADL DG S.O to D. G.
Dir Finance Dir Finance Dir E.M Dir (TP) Director Engg.
Dy Director DY Director Dy Director Dy Director Dy Director Admin
Asstt. Director Asstt . Director Asstt. Asstt. Director Asstt Director Admin Director
Sr. AO Legal Advisor Accountant
FIGURE 3-1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF FAISALABAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (FDA)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 26 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.4.2. GUJRANWALA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
GDA was formed in 1998 under the Punjab City Development Act. Following are the functions of GDA:
To establish a comprehensive system of planning and development in order to improve the quality of life in Gujranwala. Establish an integrated development approach and a continuing process of planning and development, to ensure optimum utilization of resources. Economical and effective utilization of land, Involve policies and programs relating to: o improvement of the environment of housing, o Industrial development, o Traffic, Transportation, o Health, o Education, o Water supply, Sewerage, Drainage, Solid Waste Disposal, and o Matters connected therewith and incidental thereto.
The organizational setup of GDA is presented in Figure 3-2.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 27 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Director General
SO to DG
Director Chief Director Director (TP) Adm/Fin Engineer (EM)
Director DD Adm Megistrate DD Fin Audit Officer DD (TP) DD (Hor.) EO DD (EM) (Engg.)
AD (MIC) AIDF DD (Engg. II) A.O. DD (Engg. I) AD (TP) AD (Hor.) AD EM
Account A.O. AD (Engg.) AD (Engg.) A.O. LAC Officer
Senior AD (Engg.) AD (Engg.) A/O Accountant
A.O.
FIGURE 3-2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF GUJRANWALA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (GDA)
Source: Gujranwala Development Authority (GDA)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 28 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.4.3. LAHORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Lahore Development Authority (LDA), as principal planning and development authority of provincial capital, is striving hard to safeguard the ownership rights of people in its residential schemes. To ease its processes provision of swift technological solutions is one of the primary goals of LDA. The provision of dedicated services equipped with latest facilities to safeguard the ownership rights of people across the housing schemes of LDA and to facilitate transfer of properties, sale/purchase and payment of dues speaks volumes of public friendly endeavors undertaken by LDA. In order to provide instant information and solution of problems under one roof, LDA “One Window Cell” and “Info Call Centre” have been established. To eliminate chances of counterfeit and to transform process of documentation of ownership fool-proof; steps like security featured transfer papers have been introduced. These actions have made LDA, the first Development Authority in the country, which has started provision of digital corporate services to its residents. These services are a step towards elimination of all commission mafias and other such vices.13
3.4.4. MULTAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Established on October 22, 1976 under the Punjab Development of Cities Act, Multan Development Authority (MDA) is a successor body of Multan Improvement Trust (MIT), which was established in 1944 under Punjab Town Improvement Act, 1922. Scope of MIT was limited only towards residential and commercial schemes located in municipal boundaries, which was then called city area. MDA's area of jurisdiction spreads over 362 km², which covers almost all important establishments like Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pak Arab Fertilizer and Industrial Estate and others. Vital responsibility of MDA is to evolve policies and programs relating to launch new housing schemes and for residential development of the city and important engineering projects. MDA has been launching a number of developmental projects especially in housing sector consisting of more than 20,000 plots of various sizes and uses.14
3.4.5. RAWALPINDI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Rawalpindi Development Authority (RDA) was established in May 1989 under the Punjab Development Of Cities Act, 1976 as an autonomous body replacing Rawalpindi Improvement Trust (RIT). RDA started functioning on March 1992. RDA has played main role in the development of Rawalpindi City. It has taken in hand a lot of projects for the development; some of which have been completed successfully while some are in the process of execution. The initiatives taken by RDA have major effect in the progress and uplifting of Rawalpindi city. RDA has completed Rawal Road, remodeling of Murree Road and rehabilitated the Rawal Lake Filtration Plant and Liaquat Bagh etc. Now with the completion of mega
13 www.lda.gov.pk ( accessed on 3-04-2012) 14 www.mda.gop.pk (accessed on 3-04-2012)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 29 Environmental and Social Management Framework projects presently under execution such as Lai Expressway and flood Channel, Improvement / Widening of VVIP Route (Airport Road and road to President Lodge in GOR-I, Elevated Expressway and also the projects in pipeline such as ‘Augmentation of Water Supply from River Indus for the citizens of Rawalpindi’, ‘Chirah Dam’, ‘Rawalpindi Ring Road’, ‘New Rawalpindi Housing Scheme’, and ‘RDA Parking Plaza’. The city would certainly have a modern urban design look with better civic amenities and improved environmental and aesthetic conditions.15
The organizational setup of RDA is presented in Figure 3-3.
15 www.RDA.gov.pk
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 30 Environmental and Social Management Framework
DG
DLD & DMP & DA & F PS ADG CE EM TE Medical Legal Officer Advisor DE DDBE DDP
AD DDA SSM DDF ADHLE ADBC ADP Asst Legal (Arch) Advisor ADA ADF Sr. HA HA Draftman ADTEP DDEM AO Sr. Acct Traffic Engg DDE DDE Planning LO/ Sr. Acct LAC ADEM Tehsildar ADE ADE ADE ADE AO AO Sub Engg Sub Engg
FIGURE 3-3: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF RAWALPINDI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (RDA)
Source: Assessment of Institutional Arrangement for Urban Land Development and Management in Five Large Cities of Punjab Final Repo
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 31 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.5. DATA SETS RELATED TO FIVE CDGS (PCGIP SECTORS)
Each city comprises of various Towns, these towns are of either “urban” or “rural” nature. For the PCGIP, it has been agreed that only the urban towns of the large cities will be undertaken, while the rural towns will be excluded. In Table 3-3 below the towns considered for PCGIP schemes are listed, whereas Table 3-4 gives the details of areas and population of these city districts. Similarly in Table 3-5 areas under development authorities are indicated with Table 3-6 giving details of various master plans that have been prepared for these cities.
TABLE 3-3: URBAN TOWNS IN THE LARGE CITIES
SR. CITY URBAN TOWNS NO 1. Faisalabad Lyallpur Town, Jinnah Town, Iqbal Town, Madina Town 2. Gujranwala Aroop Town, Nandipur Town, Qila Didar Singh Town, Khiali Shahpur Town 3. Lahore Wahga Town, Ravi Town, Shalimar Town, Data Ganj Bakhsh Town, Aziz Bhatti Town, Samanabad Town, Gulberg Town, Nishter Town, Allama Iqbal Town 4. Multan Bosan Town, Shah Rukn-e-Alam Town, Sher Shah Town, Mumtazabad Town 5. Rawalpindi Rawal Town, Potohar Town
TABLE 3-4: ESTIMATED AREA AND POPULATION OF CITY DISTRICTS
Population Area Sr. No. Districts (Thousands) (Sq.km) (2011 Estimates) 1. Faisalabad District 5,856 6,873 2. Faisalabad City 2,595 3. Gujranwala District 3,622 4,441 4. Gujranwala City 1,660 5. Lahore District 1,772 8,739 6. Lahore City 6,807 7. Multan District 3,720 4,027 8. Multan City 1,573
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 32 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Population Area Sr. No. Districts (Thousands) (Sq.km) (2011 Estimates) 9. Rawalpindi District 5,285 4,358 10. Rawalpindi City 1,832 Source: Punjab Development Statistics, 2011. Bureau of Statistics, GoPunjab, Lahore.
TABLE 3-5: AREA UNDER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITIES’ CONTROL
Area Sr. No. Development Authority (DA) (Sq. Km)
1. Faisalabad Development Authority (FDA) 536
2. Gujranwala Development Authority (GDA) 64
3. Lahore Development Authority (LDA) 281
4. Multan Development Authority (MDA) 382
5. Rawalpindi Development Authority (RDA) 388
Source: City District Government of respective City
TABLE 3-6: MASTER PLANS IN LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB
Sr. City Master Plans No. 1. Faisalabad i. Faisalabad Master Plan (1968) ii. Faisalabad Structure Plan (1986-2000) iii. Master Plan Faisalabad (Noorani MP) (1994 by Commissioner) iv. Strategic Development Plan (SDP) – 2011 (2006) 2. Gujranwala i. Outline Development Plan for Gujranwala 1986 - 2010 3. Lahore i. Master Plan for Greater Lahore (1966-1985) ii. Lahore Urban Development and Traffic Study (LUDTS) 1980 iii. Integrated Master Plan for Lahore (2004-2021) 4. Multan i. Multan Master Plan 1970 ii. Greater Multan Master Plan (1987-2007)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 33 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. City Master Plans No. iii. Master Plan for Multan16 5. Rawalpindi i. Rawalpindi Master Plan (1968-69) ii. Rawalpindi Master Plan (1996-2016) Source: The Urban Unit, P&D Dept. GoPunjab. Lahore17
The maps of these five cities are presented in Figure 3-4 to Figure 3-4, where jurisdictional boundaries of city entities are marked.
16 The New Master Plan for Multan is under process. In April 2007, NESPAK was selected as consultants of the project, to complete the task in a period of eighteen months. During the period 2007 – 2009 NESPAK prepared a report and circulated it for comments, but didn’t receive any comments. NESPAK is going to reopen the project in December 2011. For this purpose a meeting has been arranged on Dec 27, 2011. The duration of Short Term Plan is 2008 – 2013 where as for Long Term Plan is 2013 – 2028. 17 Assessment of Urban Land Development & Management Practices in Place of Five Large Cities of Punjab, prepared by The Urban Unit in 2007.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 34 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FIGURE 3-4: JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES OF VARIOUS CITY ENTITIES OF FAISALABAD
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 35 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FIGURE 3-5: JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES OF VARIOUS CITY ENTITIES OF GUJRANWALA
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 36 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FIGURE 3-6: JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES OF VARIOUS CITY ENTITIES OF LAHORE
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 37 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FIGURE 3-7: JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES OF VARIOUS CITY ENTITIES OF MULTAN
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 38 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FIGURE 3-8: JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES OF VARIOUS CITY ENTITIES OF RAWALPINDI
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 39 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.6. WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
The Water and Sanitation agencies of the large cities of Punjab have suffered great criticism from the public due to their poor performance. The unavailability of safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation facilities has been one of the major impediments in the development of the cities. With the increase in population and urbanization, these problems are aggravating day by day. The water supply and sewerage networks have not been maintained properly leading to frequent pipe breaks, leakages and cross contamination.
The water utilities do not even serve of the 100 % urban population and are subjected to the detrimental effects of unbilled water consumption and revenue mismanagement. On average there is 60 % water supply and 65 % sewerage in the 5 urban centers. In many areas, the water is being pumped out from the groundwater. Though groundwater quality is satisfactory but the water quality at the user end is not mainly because of poor water supply system. On top of that, there is no system of proper sewerage treatment in any of the large cities.
The project is expected to contribute towards the improvement of the system by maintenance of the current infrastructure. Not only it is envisaged that the project will play its positive role in the capacity building process but it also will spur the water utilities to respond to the performance gaps.
3.6.1. DRINKING WATER
The groundwater management in urban areas is mainly tackled by WASA of Development Authority. But at present there is no long term plan in action which can assure long term sustainability of the resource for all mega cities.
In case of Lahore, it is still a big question that to what extent the aquifer is capable of sustaining the future increased demands in the long run without greatly overstressing the groundwater reservoir particularly with respect to groundwater quality. The only source of water supply to the inhabitants of mega city of Lahore for domestic as well as industrial purposes is ground water which is of the order of 1300 cusecs. Although, the aquifer under Lahore is a part of the huge groundwater reservoir underlying the Indus Plain, extensive groundwater withdrawal has formed a trough in groundwater levels which is gradually expanding. The water table, which was about 5 m deep in 1960, has declined now to more than 40 m in central part of the city due to over abstraction of groundwater by public and private tube wells and reduction of recharge. Lahore aquifer is under stress, regulation and monitoring of quality and quantity of groundwater pumped and disposed of is the need of the day for assuring sustainability of this precious resources. Hydrographs of selected observation wells in and around Lahore city show groundwater mining of the order of 2 ft per year.18
18 Basharat , Ahmad Rizvi“ Groundwater extraction and waste water disposal regulation – is Lahore aquifer at stake with as usual approach? “ 2011.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 40 Environmental and Social Management Framework
On the other hand, in Rawalpindi the drinking water source is surface water of Rawal Lake whose quality is deteriorating due to disposal of untreated wastewater from the residential areas and industries. With the mounting head counts in the cities, the drinking water sources show a substantial decline. The unplanned urbanization of the cities has also hampered the ground water recharge leading to a further decline in the groundwater aquifer. Increasing amount of solid waste into open dumpsites has led to serious contamination of ground water thereby generating a dire need to look for water conservation techniques like rainwater harvesting.
3.6.2. SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT
Raw sewage in all the cities is either used for irrigation purposes or discharged into fresh water bodies through a network of drains, which ultimately fall into the rivers. Water from these water bodies and rivers is again used for irrigation purposes. The river waters contaminated by untreated municipal and industrial discharges are also used for drinking and recreational purposes. All this has serious environmental concerns and impacts on the ecosystem and human health significantly. In Punjab, none of the cities has a proper wastewater treatment (WWT) system, except in Faisalabad that has a limited capacity of treating only 20 percent of the total wastewater generated in the city (WASA Faisalabad, 2007). There are some individual wastewater treatment plants in some of the industries (e.g. the one installed in ‘Coca Cola Bottles Pakistan Ltd.’ Lahore plant), mostly the exporting industries. These plants are installed under the international environmental governance by the buyer’s.
Although the cities have well established sewerage system, but eventually all sewage outflow is discharged to the unlined surface drains within the cities which ultimately discharge to the nearby water bodies. The industrial untreated water along with all its pollution, join the water table by deep percolation. WASA has no authority to prevent pollution generated by the industry and disposed through the provider’s sewerage system. WASA recognizes that these industries are using the sewerage system for drainage of polluted water with heavy chemicals. Regulations to control effluents from industrial facilities (e.g. textile mills) are not enforced, so that the chemical load in wastewater is significant.
3.6.3. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF WASAS
The WASAs, in all the five large cities have more or less similar organizational hierarchy. The difference in the organizational structure of these agencies is only due to their defined area of services. As already presented in Figure 3-4 to Figure 3-8, each agency serves different size of population and so the fact that their relevant staff is different in each city. In Figure 3-9 to Figure 3-13 organizational structure of these agencies are presented.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 41 Environmental and Social Management Framework
MANAGING DIRECTOR
Administrative Wing Engineering Wing Services Wing
Deputy Managing Deputy Managing Director Admin Director Engineering Deputy Managing Director Services
Director Director Director O&M Administration Construction-1 (EAST)
Director Finance Director Director O&M Construction-2 (West)
Director Revenue & Director P&D and Director Water Recovery P&S Resources
Director Water Distribution & Maintenance
FIGURE 3-9: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF WASA, FAISALABAD
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 42 Environmental and Social Management Framework
MANAGING DIRECTOR
P.A Dy. Managing Director
Director AF&R Director ENGG Director ENGG
DD DD DD DD DD DD DD A&F REV P&D Engg-1 Engg-2 Engg- Engg- III IV
AD A&F AD AD ADE-2 ADE-2 ADE-2 ADE-2 -2 Rev -2 P&D
Admin ACC Suptt HDM SE-4 SE-4 SE-4 SE-4 Off Off
DM SE
FIGURE 3-10: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF WASA, GUJRANWALA
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 43 Environmental and Social Management Framework
MANAGING DIRECTOR
P.A Dy. Managing Director
Director AF&R Director ENGG Director ENGG
DD DD DD DD DD DD DD A&F REV P&D Engg-1 Engg-2 Engg- Engg- III IV
AD A&F AD AD ADE-2 ADE-2 ADE-2 ADE-2 -2 Rev -2 P&D
Admin ACC Suptt HDM SE-4 SE-4 SE-4 SE-4 Off Off
DM SE
FIGURE 3-11: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF WASA, LAHORE
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 44 Environmental and Social Management Framework
MANAGING DIRECTOR
BS-20
Dy Managing Director
Director (Admin & Director (Works) Director Fin) (Recovery)
BS-19 Dy Director (P&D)
Dy Director (Admin) Dy Director Sew Dy Director C H Draftsman (N) (H/Q)
BS-18 BS-18 Ass. Dir (Adm) Ass. Dir (Cons) Ass. Dir (Comp) BS-17 Ass. Dir (Maint) Asst Dir (P&D) Ass. Dir (Maint) Dy Director Dy Director (Rev) (Fin) Dy Director Sew (S) BS-18 Ass. Dir (Acc) BS-18 Ass. Dir (Fin) BS- Ass. Dir (Cons) Ass. Dir Rec (N) 17 Ass. Dir (Maint) Ass. Dir Rec (S) BS-17 Ass. Dir (Maint) Tehsildar BS-17 Dy Director SSM (DS) Police Staff
FIGURE 3-12: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF WASA, MULTAN
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 45 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Managing Director
PS
AD (M&E) DMD
Director Admin & Finance Director WS Director (S&D) Director Revenue
AD (M&E) DDA DDF DD(WS) DD(WS) DD FP DD DDR DDR (S&D) Database Admin ADA AD AD AD(WS) AD AD AD AD (Info) (A/C) AD Programmer (WS) W (FP) (S&D) (A&C) (A&C)
Admin AD Senior (BS-17) Ju. AD Off (Trag) Acct) Assis (RO) (S&D) Programmer Social Legal Senior Org Advisor Acct
Sr. Sp. Mgst MO
FIGURE 3-13: ORGANOGRAM OF WASA, RAWALPINDI
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 46 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.6.4. BASELINE DATA REGARDING WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION
At present each of the water and sanitation agency of large cities has different service delivery levels in terms of how much population is being provided with the water and what is the water availability in terms of hours per day. These data are presented in Table 3-7.
TABLE 3-7: BASELINE DATA RELATED TO WATER AND SEWERAGE
Lahore Multan Faisalabad Gujranwala Rawalpindi
Water supply data
Population served 4,887,000 1,156,000 1,356,000 452,700 682,768
Water coverage (%) 87 60.8 50.2 30 65
Water availability 16 8 8 14 4 (hrs/day)
Water consumption (lpcd) 211 38 152 61 150
Sewerage data
Population served 5,014,000 1,085,000 1,755,000 875,220 367,500
Sewerage coverage (%) 89.3 57.1 65 58 35
Sewerage generated (m3) NA 86,076,125 350,000,000 NA 50,360,000 per annum
Sewerage collected (m3) NA 71,730,104 350,000,000 NA 17,630,000 per annum
Wastewater treated Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil
Source: (Punjab Utility Data Book)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 47 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.6.5. WATER QUALITY DATA OF WASAS
FAISALABAD
MONITORING The laboratory at Faisalabad WASA has the capacity of determining bacteria count and chemicals concentration such as TDS, Ca, Mg, TH, CO3, HCO3, Cl and pH only. Chemical and bacteriological testing is also routinely conducted at the source. Residual chlorine levels are monitored.19
QUALITY OF WATER The water supplied at source is of good quality. There is a daily check on bacteria and all the water is chlorinated. Arsenic levels have been tested and found to be safe. The water is chemically fit. WASA supply is chlorinated at the source and a booster station, Data of raw water quality is available. Little and slight contamination is reported. Various parameters tested were TDS, Ca, Mg, TH, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, chloride, and pH. These parameters are frequently checked but heavy metals, pesticide, fertilizer and industrial pollution including oils and grease are not investigated. To keep the faecal coliforms under control, water is chlorinated for which a daily check on residual chlorine at 1 pm & 6 pm is maintained. The analysis results are shown in Table 3-8.
TABLE 3-8: WEEKLY WATER QUALITY REPORT
N˚ Residual Chlorine (ppm) Feacal Coliform count per Result at TR stake 100 ml
1 1.0 ppm 0 Fit
2 0.6 ppm 0 Fit
3 0.6 ppm 0 Fit
4 1.0 ppm 0 Fit
5 0.6 ppm 0 Fit
6 1.0 ppm 0 Fit
7 0.6 ppm 0 Fit
Source: Urban water supply & Sewerage Reform Strategy, 2006
19 Urban water supply and sewerage reform strategy, 2006, Status Quo report , Faisalabad.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 48 Environmental and Social Management Framework
WASA conducted the water quality tests for the basic parameters, on one of its well fields, which is presented in Table 3-9.
TABLE 3-9: AVERAGE WATER QUALITY OF CHENAB WELL FIELD FOR THE YEAR 2004
Parameters Average Values mg/l WHO Guideline Values (mg/l)
TDS 484 Up to 1200
Calcium 53 75-200
Magnesium 29 30-100
Total hardness 247 10-500
Carbonate Nil
Bicarbonate 159 30-500
Chlorides 55 Up to 250
GUJRANWALA
MONITORING WASA, Gujranwala has no laboratory. The water is tested at PHED, Lahore, 3-4 times a year. A sample test report was received. The test involves mainly chemical analysis. Bacterial analysis is also run in the rainy season. The possible or likely pollution with agricultural chemicals or heavy metals is not monitored.20
QUALITY OF WATER Water is tested 3-4 times per year. The WASA has no laboratory. Samples are sent to the PHED lab in Lahore. WASA assumes based on previous test results that the water at source is free of contamination. There is a possibility of industrial, municipal and pesticide pollution, which is not being investigated.
MULTAN
MONITORING WASA has no laboratory of its own. The PHE Department laboratory is used for chemical tests. Bacterial tests are carried out at Nishtar Hospital Laboratory. There is no regular monitoring of water at the tap.21
20 Urban water supply & Sewerage Reform Strategy, 2006, Status quo report , Gujranwala. 21 Urban water supply & Sewerage Reform Strategy, 2006, Status quo report , Multan.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 49 Environmental and Social Management Framework
QUALITY OF WATER WASA tubewells are generally 400 to 600 feet in depth. The water is of good quality at this depth having TDS of 300-500 ppm. Water from this depth is (generally) not contaminated with bacteria or viruses nor with arsenic as is the shallower ground water. WASA therefore undertakes no treatment of raw water supply. However, WASA Multan does indicate problems with contamination at some wells and is attempting to extend tubewell depth. Shallow private tubewells record arsenic contamination levels from 10 to 250 ppb compared to lower levels of 5 -35 ppb in deeper WASA tubewells suggesting that contamination is concentrated in shallow subsoil of the aquifer.22
RAWALPINDI
MONITORING Raw water quality at source (Rawal Lake) is monitored daily as is the water treated at the water treatment plant. At the Sangjani treatment plant, raw water quality is also monitored on a regular basis by Islamabad. WASA, Rawalpindi has a laboratory staffed with two persons located at the Rawal water treatment plant. The lab is functional but can analyze only a limited number of cations and anions. It also routinely measures total salts, turbidity and bacterial count. As such the lab is adequate for routine analysis of the fitness of water for drinking purposes. Other pollutants such as those arising from industrial, agricultural and municipal sources are not monitored. The water abstracted from tubewells is not monitored. Water quality is not monitored at the point of delivery to consumers. WASA Rawalpindi does not have the laboratory capacity or staff to undertake systematic monitoring of water quality in the distribution system.23
QUALITY OF WATER The raw water from Rawal Lake is highly contaminated with bacteria. Also, depending upon the weather, the water can be highly turbid. Hence, all the water supplied is treated for turbidity and bacteria. Treatment involves chemical coagulation, flocculation and clarification, filtration and disinfection.24
3.7. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Solid Waste Management (SWM) has emerged as a major threat to the environment and health of the urban dwellers. The five large cities of Punjab together, produce approximately 8500 – 9000 tons of waste per day and the average collection efficiency ranges from 65 % to 70 % in general. The transportation system is based on containers of different sizes (5 m3, 7 m3 and 10 m3), dump trucks, hoist trucks, arm-roll trucks and tractor-trolleys. The ultimate disposal is mostly in the form of open dumping. Among these large cities, only one sanitary landfill site in Multan is being managed by City District
22 Urban water supply & Sewerage Reform Strategy, 2006, Status quo report , Multan. 23 Urban water supply & Sewerage Reform Strategy, 2006, Status quo report , Rawalpindi. 24 Urban water supply & Sewerage Reform Strategy, 2006, Status quo report , Rawalpindi.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 50 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Government (CDGM). This landfill has the capacity to cater for only 33 % of the total waste generated in the city. Similarly there is one compost plant in Lahore managed by Lahore Compost (Pvt.) Ltd., which has the capacity to process 1000 tons of municipal waste on daily basis.
The development of a proper SWM system in these cities has always been subjected to negative externalities imposed by poor infrastructure, inadequate technical knowledge and lack of resources. The level of service is considerably poor as compared to the needs of the cities resulting in accumulation of waste at roadsides, vacant plots and drains, creating health hazards for the public. At present only Lahore has managed to re-structure the current system to some extent by the formulation of Lahore Waste Management Company (LWMC) but the other cities are still lagging behind mainly because of improper planning, poor management and lack of technical capacity. LWMC was formed under services and management contract (SAMA) with the city district governments. The CDGL has outsourced the SWM services of the city to LWMC for efficient and effective improvement in this municipal service.
Through reforms, the cities look forward to bring about substantial improvements in the solid waste management system particularly the waste collection and transportation process, through efficient maintenance of the existing machinery and equipment.
3.7.1. SWM SYSTEM
COLLECTION, TRANSPORTATION
The existing system of solid waste management in Punjab focuses on series of heap removal steps. Starting from removal of waste heaps from streets (primary collection), the sanitary workers put these small heaps at pre-assumed locations to produce larger heaps. These points are called secondary collection points. From there, the waste is transported to either filth depots/transfer stations or directly to the dumping site (Figure 3-15).
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 51 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FIGURE 3-14: EXISTING SWM SYSTEM IN PUNJAB LARGE CITIES
DISPOSAL PROCESS
Only one of the 5 cities process a proper sanitary landfill site i.e. Multan. For the safe disposal of solid waste, a sanitary landfill site was developed by Fakouka method. It was constructed through the Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project launched by the Government of Punjab and funded by Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The site, which has an area of 13 acres, was approved by City District Government Multan (CDGM) in year 2005. Before its development Japanese engineers from JICA demonstrated a model landfill at the site. It is catering to almost 35 % of the total waste generated in the city. The landfill site was designed by M/S NESPAK (Pvt.) Limited. In future another landfill site at Shujabad Road will be constructed in a similar manner.
OPERATIONS AT LANDFILL Daily delivery of waste is placed in the form of lifts or layers in specified zones. This landfill is excavated cell/ trench method type. Figure 3-15 shows the waste placement method adopted for the landfill.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 52 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FIGURE 3-15: WASTE PLACEMENT METHOD IN EXCAVATED CELL/TRENCH TYPE LANDFILL
The excavated soil is used for the daily cover. When waste is placed in the landfill, heavy machinery is used to spread and compact the waste. Table 3-10 shows the type of machinery used at the landfill. Daily cover is required to control disease vector and rodents and to minimize leachate production.
TABLE 3-10: DETAILS OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT (SOURCE: CDG MULTAN)
Machinery Purpose
1 Small Front End Loader (tractor towed) For compaction of waste
1 heavy front end loader For compaction and daily cover
Water bouzer (tractor towed) For sprinkling of water to ease compaction
Excavation Excavating soil for daily cover
The waste density increases as the loader compact the layer and in turn the thickness of the layer decreases. After achieving the desired thickness of the layer the waste is covered by soil.
MAINTENANCE
Daily input waste loads are recorded via the weigh bridge. The sanitary workers working in the landfill are equipped with personal Protective Equipment. Regular sprays are done. Vehicle maintenance is ensured.
3.7.2. RECYCLING POTENTIALS AND PRACTICES
In all the five cities, the recycling potential is huge, however, there are no formal recycling practices. In Lahore 800 tons of waste is being provided to the Lahore Compost who are producing compost from the organic component of waste. Similarly in Lahore again, 1000 tons of waste is being sold to the private company @ Rs 50/tons who are making refuse derived fuel (RDF), and compost. City District Government Multan is also in a process to sell its waste to a cement company for making RDF out of it.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 53 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Informal sector is working in all the 5 cities, though no consolidated data regarding number of scavengers is available. However it is known that they are working in huge number in all urban centers of Punjab.
3.7.3. PROCEDURE AND MECHANISM FOR MONITORING, DATA RECORDING AND DATA SHARING
Multan, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Rawalpindi: EDO municipal services are managing the SWM system in the cities. Due to lack of infrastructure (Weigh Bridge) and human recourse (Waste Managers), no proper log book regarding solid waste dumped is available however as estimate is available on the basis of number of vehicles on road. Data sharing will be done on need basis. Data is available in the office of DO (SWM) and EDO (SWM) offices.
Lahore: Lahore waste management company has proper system of monitoring. The operations department of LWMC headed by GM Operations is looking after all the operational activities.
Data for waste coming on the dumping site is being recorded. The vehicles coming to the dumping site are weighed on the weigh bridge at entering and exit points. Proper log book is maintained.
Anyone can access the required data from the LWMC office. Emergency plans, special occasion plans and other relevant documents are also available on the company’s website.
3.7.4. DATA RELATING TO SWM SERVICES IN THE 5 CITIES
In Table 3-11, data relating to waste generation of the five large cities is presented along with the cities collection efficiency. Similarly a typical organizational structure of SWM Department at CDG level is shown in Figure 3-16, while the organogram of LWMC is presented in Figure 3-17 to highlight the difference of organizational arrangement laid in the provincial capital.
TABLE 3-11: BASELINE DATA RELATED TO 5 CITIES OF PUNJAB
City Solid Waste Generated Solid waste Collected Source (Tons/day) (Tons/day) Lahore 5000 - 5400 3200 – 3500 LWMC Lahore
Multan 950 800 – 850 CDG Multan
Faisalabad 1300 - 1400 900 CDG Faisalabad
Rawalpindi 900 - 950 600 – 700 CDG Rawalpindi
Gujranwala 800 - 850 500 – 600 CDG Gujranwala
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 54 Environmental and Social Management Framework
District Coordination Officer
EDO EDO EDO EDO EDO EDO EDO EDO EDO (W&S) (CD) (Agri) (Literacy) (MS) (Law) (Health) (F&P) (IT)
DO DO DO DO (Env) (Transport) (SWM) (So. Planning)
Chief Sanitary Inspector
Sanitary Inspector
Assistant Sanitary Inspector
Sanitary Supervisor
Sanitary Worker
FIGURE 3-16: ORGANOGRAM OF SWM IN MULTAN, GUJRANWALA , RAWALPINDI AND FAISALABAD
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 55 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Board of Directors (Lahore Waste Management Company)
External Auditor Chairman
Legal Managing Executive Advisor Director Secretary
Sr/Mngr GM HR & GM Chief Financial GM Admin Operations Officer Procurement & Contracts Bus Dev
Sr/Mngr Sr. Mngr Sr/Mngr DM/AM DM/AM Finance Procurement HR Planning Comm (3) Sr/Mngr System DM/AM DM/AM Comm Admin DM/AM Sr/Mngr DM/AM Sr/Mngr Finance Procureme Comm HR HR MIS nt DM/AM MIS DM/AM DM/AM DM/AM DM/AM Finance Procureme Comm HR DM/AM nt MIS DM/AM DM/AM Accounts DM/AM Sr/Mngr Comm DM/AM Admin Contracts MIS DM/AM Sr/Mngr DM/AM DM/AM Accounts Comp Sec & DM/AM Admin Admin Sr/Mngr AM/DM Contracts Sr Mngr Corp SWM (6) SWM (36) Legal 5 vacant Affairs DM/AM DM/AM Admin Contracts DM/AM Sr/Mngr Transfer Audit QA DM/AM Sr/Mngr Int. & Disposal QC Audit/ QA Admin QC DM/AM Audit QA Sr/Mngr DM/AM QC Business Workshop Filled Dev Position Mngr DM/AM Vacant Workshop Workshop Position
DM/AM Workshop
DM/AM Workshop
FIGURE 3-17: ORGANOGRAM OF LAHORE WASTE MANAGEMENT COMPANY
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 56 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.8. URBAN TRANSPORT
Urban transport is one of the most important sectors facing extreme challenges due to rapid urbanization and motorization. Due to lack of appropriate urban transport policies, infrastructure development schemes / projects have often been provided in thinly populated areas causing inequity in an urban transport system.
Due to lack of coordination and vision, transport problems have not been viewed in an integrated way. The current public transport services suffer from inappropriate operation timetables, inefficient use of road space and poor condition of public transport facilities (including bus terminals and buses) due to the absence of proper government regulations.
The current deteriorating state of urban transport condition may worsen with time if development challenges are not met or dealt with in a planned and a systematic manner. Such issues related to urban transport will be addressed in detail in PCGIP; also keeping in view the vision of the Millennium Development Goal of the World Bank. The Consultants in their sector oriented studies have highlighted the common and major transportation related problems and issues faced by all the five major urban centers in Punjab.
Urban infrastructure development, particularly transport infrastructure has failed to fulfill the travel needs of the people. It is because transport infrastructure could not keep the pace with the growing population needs. Moreover, the improper planning and design, poor service provision, delivery and management have led to failure; thus resulting in an unsustainable transport system. The ideology of building more roads instead of fulfilling growing population travel demands through maintenance and management of available transport infrastructure has crumpled the available system. Maintenance, a vital component to ensure efficient service delivery, has been either completely ignored or not given comeuppance. The underlying World Bank project will help to maintain and upgrade the transport assets through enabling maintenance and operation mechanism; thus meeting the travel needs of the inhabitants of five major cities. Furthermore, the project will aid in developing capacity through performance grants; thus enhancing the efficiency of the available transport infrastructure.
3.8.1. OVERVIEW OF THE GENERAL SITUATION IN FIVE BIG CITIES OF PUNJAB
More than one third of Punjab’s population lives in the urban areas at present. Consequently, rapid growth of cities and urbanization are creating economic and social stresses. This clearly implies that the institutions, procedures, systems and skills, which were quite appropriate until about 10-15 years ago, now have to be re-adjusted, re-tuned and re-calibrated to address new and emerging challenges. The inability to adapt in accordance with changing requirements by the concerned stakeholders and the institutions with the passage of time has created inertia in the service delivery mechanism.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 57 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FAISALABAD
The city of Faisalabad is assisted by the expanding transport network; which includes Pindi Bhattian – Faisalabad Motorway; connecting the Lahore – Islamabad Motorway (M-2). The city has an international airport, railway station and a dry-port. The high rate of population growth has resulted in overcrowded and deteriorated environment with poor level of service provided by various modes of transportation, including the mechanical and the animal driven vehicles. The available data show that there were 307,471 motor vehicles in 2005 as compared to 141,634 vehicles in 1998. The vehicles have increased significantly. There are 50,823 motor cars, jeeps and wagons, 212,707 motorcycles / scooter, 3,796 trucks, 5,176 buses and 9,526 rickshaws with an overall vehicle growth rate of 10 % per annum. The existing road network and other available transportation facilities are unable to accommodate such a diversified and huge volume of traffic on roads. Also due to the traffic pressure, the road safety problems have increased. In Faisalabad, in 2005, out of around 279 accidents, 207 were fatal. In Faisalabad, various other common issues are encroachments, mixed traffic, damaged road surfaces, poorly designed intersections, inappropriate placement of utility services along roads, haphazard commercialization and unplanned location of the transport related infrastructure; such as bus stands, truck stands, fruit and the vegetable markets etc. In Faisalabad, parking is also a serious problem causing inconvenience in central commercial zones.
GUJRANWALA
The existing road network and the other available transportation facilities are unable to accommodate the huge volume of traffic on the roads. However, the present government has attempted to resolve some urban issues. The various common issues are encroachments, mixed traffic, damaged road surfaces, poorly designed intersections, wrong positions of utility services along roads, haphazard commercialization and unplanned location of the transport related infrastructure; such as bus stands, truck stands, fruit and the vegetable markets.
LAHORE
The city of Lahore has a major national access through the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road) or N-5 and the Lahore - Islamabad Motorway (M-2). In Lahore, due to ever-increasing traffic problems, the government has constructed numerous underpasses and overhead bridges on its arterials to ease congestion and prevent the traffic jams. Lahore has a high level of air pollution and smog, mostly due to the industry growth at an ever-increasing rate. The air pollution levels are so high that they reach record peaks and smog is so thick that on some days it is only possible to see a few meters ahead. The fast economic growth has significantly increased the income level of the middle class. This has also resulted in an increased numbers of vehicles. The total numbers of the registered motor vehicles in Lahore in 2005 were 1.2 million as compared to 0.5 million in 1998. The number has doubled in a period of nine to ten years. Increase in number of vehicles along-with increased number of traffic problems has made travelling in the city risky, as indicated by 802 accidents in 2004.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 58 Environmental and Social Management Framework
MULTAN
In Multan, though the present government has attempted to resolve some urban issues, the existing road network and the other available transportation facilities are still unable to accommodate such a diversified and huge volume of traffic on roads. Due to ever growing traffic encumbrance, the road safety problems have increased. The common disabilities of the present transport facilities include inability to accommodate diversified and huge volume of traffic, encroachments, mixed traffic, damaged road surfaces, poorly designed intersections, wrong positions of utility services along roads, haphazard commercialization and unplanned location of the transport related infrastructure; such as bus stands, truck stands, fruit and the vegetable markets. The total number of vehicles in Multan stood at 320,519 in 2005. Motor cycles / scooters constituted 68 % of the total. The second highest share is that of motor cars, jeeps and station wagons at around 14 %. Growth rate for others has been recorded at 12 % per annum. The growth of registered vehicles over the past 25 years has been recorded at around 13 % per annum. The growth of others vehicles and the delivery vans was recorded at almost 24 % and 17 % respectively. The motor cycles / scooters, and motor cars, jeeps and station wagons share 13.5 % and 12 % respectively.
RAWALPINDI
Rawalpindi is located on the ancient Grand Trunk Road (N-5); which links the city to nearly every major city in the northern and the southern parts of Pakistan, from Lahore in the Punjab to Peshawar in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The city is also served by two Motorways, M2 (Lahore-Islamabad) and M1 (Islamabad-Peshawar). The public transport for travel within Rawalpindi is diverse, ranging from taxis, auto-rickshaws, mini-buses to even tongas (horse-driven carriages). Due to lack of proper planning of roads, there is severe traffic congestion on almost all types of roads. The city has an international airport, railway station and a dry-port.
3.8.2. PRESSURE ON THE URBAN TRANSPORT
INADEQUATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE
There are more than 1,200 large size buses operating in Lahore, Multan, Gujranwala and Faisalabad. Most of the public transport is based on overcrowded, poorly managed and rashly driven mini-buses and vans. There is a need to organize the public transport infrastructure, such as terminals, halting points and routes.
There is a big demand to introduce decent and environment friendly public transport in the urban areas of Punjab. As already done for Lahore, in the other four big cities of Punjab, there is a need to work out the feasibility to determine the adequacy of a mass transit system.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 59 Environmental and Social Management Framework
CONGESTION IN URBAN AREAS
The road network has many congested sections in cities and towns along the roads, which reduces travel speeds and increases the number of traffic accidents. Lack of local funds for urban roads and absence of road network plans in local municipalities may contribute to this effect.
OVER-LOADING
In Punjab, around 90 % commercial vehicles carry more than the standard axle loads. The prime reason for overloading is the overwhelming presence of 2 - axle trucks, which accounts for 70 % in the overall truck fleet presently plying on the roads in Pakistan. The truck drivers commonly over-inflate the tires to overload the trucks, which put high stresses on pavement structures due to resultant less contact area.
PREMATURE ROADS FAILURE
Over the last few decades, the newly constructed or rehabilitated roads in Punjab underwent rapid deterioration and premature failure. There has been a fast growing concern to find out the root causes of failure and introducing the effective and innovative measures in prevalent specifications and the design practices.
DRAINAGE ISSUES
The issue of proper drainage has never been addressed in a befitting manner in the design and construction of roads in Punjab. The inadequate surface as well as sub-surface drainage of roads has been causing grave problems. The absence of quick drainage of rainwater has caused defects like pot- holing, raveling, cracking and even deformation and congestion. The waterlog effect in the areas, where large networks of unlined irrigation channels are there, has severely damaged the roads. In the rolling terrain. The non-existence of the sufficient drainage system not only damages the roads but also causes land sliding and erosion problems.
PARKING ISSUES
The cities have spurted many high rise buildings in various locations, but sadly, most of the buildings fail to address parking issues. Parking has become a major problem in the five big cities of Punjab; causing all sorts of problems, like decrease in access to places, increase in travel time and reduced average speed. The road density is also affected, causing difficulty in traffic flow. To resolve this dilemma, very few parking plazas have been constructed which are outnumbered by the rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the roads. Another affective alternative is road side parking which is managed on ad-hoc bases and a token system is used; which to some extent addresses the parking issue but on the other hand it increases traffic congestion. Also the building and and-use related laws and regulations inadequately address parking issues. Also the enforcement mechanism for the parking rules and regulations are generally ineffective and weak.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 60 Environmental and Social Management Framework
INADEQUATE TRANSPORTATION LINKAGE IN LAND-USE
There is mixed land-use, lack of proper zoning and inadequate building by-laws, which do not properly address the parking and allied issues. In addition, an ineffective enforcement of rules and regulations is adding to collateral problems. To address these multi-facetted issues, there is a need to have a strong relationship between land-use and transportation elements.
MIX OF TRAFFIC
The mix movement of freight and passenger traffic is another concern among many other road safety problems. The animal driven vehicles and the NMT shown in the picture need to be eliminated from using the main track. These slow mode traffic cause disturbance in traffic resulting in acceleration of other speedy passenger vehicles and prompting severe traffic accidents. It is observed that such animal driven vehicles and NMT are frequently parked beside shoulder or move close to the pedestrians and create many problems. In Lahore only, the maximum daily estimated trips of all modes are by pedestrians; since the pedestrians in Lahore make around 8 million trips /day.
ENCROACHMENTS
Due to encroachments, the NMT and two wheelers have to come on high-speed lanes, which make travelling difficult and increase the risk of accidents as well as traffic congestion. There is a strip commercial development along the transportation corridors without proper offsets, setbacks and access management as per the byelaws; causing severe encroachments and traffic jam issues.
ROAD SAFETY PROBLEM
In Punjab, 6,629 injured including 3088 killed, were reported to police in 2004-05. The estimated motor vehicle injuries in 2006 by the National Road Safety Secretariat, Ministry of Communications, and Government of Pakistan were about 2 Million, which showed that police was reporting less than 1% of all motor vehicle injuries. The regional comparison with other Asian countries revealed that the reported fatalities in Pakistan are 4.5 times less than that in other countries.
The economic cost of road crashes and injuries is estimated to be over 100 billion rupees for Pakistan. However, the loss is more than just numbers, since road traffic injuries push many families more deeply into poverty by the loss of their bread-earners and inflict a tremendous continuous burden on the disabled victims and their families and on health care system. It is estimated that approximately 7,000 to 10,000 people die per year due to road traffic accidents. The number of fatality may be even higher because of an unsatisfactory system of reporting and follow-ups. In general, the passenger buses are involved in far more accidents than other vehicles. Overall fatality levels may be higher in heavier vehicles, such as buses, trucks and wagons are almost the same.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 61 Environmental and Social Management Framework
INEFFECTIVE AND OBSOLETE TRAFFIC LAWS
In general, traffic related regulations are obsolete and enforcement of rules is quite weak as evident from the chaotic and an in-disciplined traffic on roads in the big cities of Punjab.
This has resulted in high rates of loss of life, injuries; delays and damages to properties. The traffic laws are not though applied on cyclists, animal-drawn carts, hand-pushed carts and pedestrians; even though the NMT makes up around 70% of the total road users.
The typical traffic enforcement fines are quite low and are in the range of around Rs. 50 to Rs. 300. Traffic police does not have the adequate authority to remove encroachments. In addition, there are no appropriate punishments for damaging the road infrastructure; and compensation for a death in a road accident is around only Rs 10,000 with a third party insurance.
3.8.3. REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES IN FIVE BIG CITIES OF PUNJAB
Below in Table 3-12 registered vehicles during 2002 and 2006 are compared, whereas, in Table 3-13 total number of vehicles registered as per 2010 are presented.
TABLE 3-12: REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES OF LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB
City Vehicles (2002) Vehicles (2006) Growth Rate (%/Annum)
Lahore 842,388 1,520,000 16.00
Gujranwala 125,000 225,000 15.83
Faisalabad 227,000 369,000 12.91
Multan 235,000 370,000 12.01
Rawalpindi 179,000 260,000 9.78
Source: Excise and Taxation Department, Go Punjab; 2006
TABLE 3-13: REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES IN LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB( AS ON 30TH JUNE, 2010 E&T DEPARTMENT )
City District Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore Multan Rawalpindi
Motor Cars, Jeeps and 75,342 22,340 722,012 77,658 108,113 Station Wagons
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 62 Environmental and Social Management Framework
City District Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore Multan Rawalpindi
Motor Cycles and 469,002 312,069 1,432,639 459,969 232,450 Scooters
Trucks 4,403 1,304 18,683 3,014 9,010
Pickups/Delivery Vans 6,487 2,912 45,094 6,713 16,690
Mini Buses/ Buses/ 5,418 1,560 34,132 5,846 11,898 Flying/ Luxury Coaches
Taxis 0 212 11,789 748 4,057
Auto Rickshaws 15,631 4,312 87,541 10,392 6,184
Tractors 27,126 27,702 34,220 41,979 2,397
Other Vehicles 45 322 1,883 1,233 693
Total 603,454 372,733 2,387,993 607,552 391,492
3.8.4. LEVEL OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICE
The base line data regarding the level of transportation service including the road infrastructure and road furniture is presented in Table 3-14. The data is presented for all five large cities of the Punjab to compare and subsequently identify the gaps to be addressed during the selection of schemes under PCGIP.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 63 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 3-14: LEVEL OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN LARGE CITIES OF PUNJAB
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available FAISALABAD
1 Infrastructure
i) Divided Roads x All Arterial roads are divided.
ii) Shoulders x
iii) Utility Corridors x
iv) Drainage along road x
v) Street Lights x
vi) Cat-eyes and Studs x
vii) Traffic Signals x
viii) Traffic Signs x
ix) Pavement Marking x
2 Public Transport
i) Separate Lane x
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 64 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available ii) Parking facilities x There are limited parking facilities.
iii) Bus Stops x Almost 40 Bus stops are under construction.
iv) Bus Terminal x There are proper bus and wagon bays, office, shops, repair and maintenance area, bathroom, parking area etc.
v) Truck Terminal x One Truck terminal is not enough and not properly constructed. A new Truck terminal is under-construction.
3 Pedestrian Facilities
i) Pedestrian Signs x
ii) Zebra crossing x
iii) Pedestrian Signals x Because of not proper usage, no more installation of signals is done.
iv) Walkways x
v) Pedestrian Bridges/Subways x There is need of more pedestrian bridges/underpass
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 65 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available GUJRANWALA
1 Infrastructure
i) Divided Roads x All Major roads are divided.
ii) Shoulders x
iii) Utility Corridors x
iv) Drainage along road x
v) Street Lights x
vi) Cat-eyes and Studs x
vii) Traffic Signals x
viii) Traffic Signs x
ix) Pavement Marking x Only on major roads.
2 Public Transport
i) Separate Lane x Same lanes for public transport also.
ii) Parking facilities x
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 66 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available iii) Bus Stops x Only on main roads.
iv) Bus Terminal x It accommodates all buses, wagons. There are proper bus bays, shops, office, repair and maintenance shops, parking area, hotel, bathroom, petrol pump etc.
v) Truck Terminal x No existing truck terminal. Privately owned terminals exist.
3 Pedestrian Facilities
i) Pedestrian Signs x
ii) Zebra crossing x Zebra crossing only on main roads.
iii) Pedestrian Signals x
iv) Walkways x
v) Pedestrian Bridges/Subways x There are 2 pedestrian bridges and one underpass is under construction.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 67 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available LAHORE
1 Infrastructure
i) Divided Roads x Most of the roads are divided.
ii) Shoulders x
iii) Utility Corridors x
iv) Drainage along road x
v) Street Lights x
vi) Cat-eyes and Studs x All major and newly constructed roads have cat-eyes and studs.
vii) Traffic Signals x
viii) Traffic Signs x
ix) Pavement Marking x
2 Public Transport
i) Separate Lane x
ii) Parking facilities x
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 68 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available iii) Bus Stops x
iv) Bus Terminal x Facilities are not up to the mark. Congestion level is also high. Some new bus terminals are also proposed at different locations of the city.
v) Truck Terminal x Truck terminals are under construction at different locations of the city.
3 Pedestrian Facilities
i) Pedestrian Signs x
ii) Zebra crossing x
iii) Pedestrian Signals x
iv) Walkways x
v) Pedestrian Bridges/Subways x
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 69 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available MULTAN
1 Infrastructure
i) Divided Roads x All new constructed roads are divided roads.
ii) Shoulders x All new constructed roads and major roads have shoulder.
iii) Utility Corridors x
iv) Drainage along road x All new constructed roads and major roads have drainage.
v) Street Lights x All new constructed roads and major roads have street Lights.
vi) Cat-eyes and Studs x All new constructed roads and major roads have cat-eyes and studs.
vii) Traffic Signals x
viii) Traffic Signs x Very less in number.
ix) Pavement Marking x All new constructed roads and major roads have pavement marking .
2 Public Transport
i) Separate Lane x
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 70 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available ii) Parking facilities x Private parking place are available.
iii) Bus Stops x
iv) Bus Terminal x Fulfilling the needs of the city efficiently. Shops, visiting halls, Public toilets, water cooler, proper bays are available.
v) Truck Terminal x Not have capacity to fulfill the needs of the city.
3 Pedestrian Facilities
i) Pedestrian Signs x Very less in number.
ii) Zebra crossing x
iii) Pedestrian Signals x
iv) Walkways x
v) Pedestrian Bridges/Subways x 2 in Multan City near Nishtar Medical College.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 71 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available RAWALPINDI
1 Infrastructure
i) Divided Roads x
ii) Shoulders x Shoulder is available on divided Highways only
iii) Utility Corridors x
iv) Drainage along road x No proper drainage system available v) Street Lights x
vi) Cat-eyes and Studs x
vii) Traffic Signals x
viii) Traffic Signs x
ix) Pavement Marking x
2 Public Transport
i) Separate Lane x
ii) Parking facilities x
iii) Bus Stops x
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 72 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Level of Service Sr. No. Facility Remarks Fully Partial Not Available iv) Bus Terminal x Big bus terminal available and fulfilling the needs efficiently.
v) Truck Terminal x
3 Pedestrian Facilities
i) Pedestrian Signs x
ii) Zebra crossing x
iii) Pedestrian Signals x
iv) Walkways x
v) Pedestrian Bridges/Subways x New pedestrian bridges are under construction.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 73 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.8.5. TRANSPORT DEPARTMENT SCHEMES
The GoPunjab is undertaking a number of projects related to improvement of transportation. Various schemes in progress are presented in Table 3-15.
TABLE 3-15: SCHEMES OF TRANSPORT DEPARTMENT
No. Scheme information Major Components Amount (Rs. Millions)
On-going schemes 1 Capacity Building of Transport Dept. Purchase of equipment and capacity building 1.5 of offices. 2 Establishment of Transport Planning Recruitment of staff, procurement of 51 Unit (TPU) in Transport Dept. equipment.
3 Lahore Transport Master Plan (JICA Hiring of consultants, procurement of 92 assisted) equipment and vehicles.
New Schemes 4 Conversion of 2 stroke motor cab Subsidy to rickshaw owners. 43 Rickshaw into 4-stroke motor cab CNG rickshaw
5 Subsidy for induction of CNG/diesel To enable private sector to induct buses in 1,000 buses in urban transport system urban transport system.
In Lahore, a company has been launched to overlook the matters related to urban transport. The company named “Lahore Transport Company” (LTC) has been established under the Companies Act, as a public owned company. Its main functions include the planning, design and implementation of infrastructure and services related to transport sector for the provincial capital city. The organizational chart of LTC is presented in Figure 3-18.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 74 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Chief executive Officer
Operations & Administration & Infrastructures Enforcement Planning Finance
FIGURE 3-18: ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF LTC
Under the transport department another entity for traffic design and management exists for Lahore, which is responsible for the traffic engineering projects. The organizational structure of this agency termed as Transport Engineering and Planning Agency (TEPA) is presented in Figure 3-19, whereas the organizational structure of TPU is shown in Figure 3-20.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 75 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Director General LDA
Managing Director TEPA
Chief Engineer
Director Director Director Traffic Additional Chief Engineering Administration engineering Engineer Construction
Deputy Director Deputy Director Deputy Director Assistant Director (Transport (Electrical & Accounts (Headquarters) Economics) Mechanical)
Deputy Director Assistant Director Assistant Director (Planning & (Electrical & Accounts Design) Mechanical)
Assistant Director Deputy Director Litigation Officer (Planning & Engineering-I Design)
Deputy Director Assiatant Director (Engineering) (Engineering)
Assistant Director DSeputy Director (Engineering) (Engineering-II)
Assistant Director (Engineering)
FIGURE 3-19: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF TEPA
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 76 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Director TPU Office Manager
Senior Transport Transport Senior Traffic Planner Demand Modeler Engineer
GIS & Transport Planner Transport Planner HIghway I.T Manager Urban Planner Computing Research Analyst Research Assitant Traffic Engineer (I) (II) Expert Engineer
Accountant Research Analyst Research Analyst CAD Operator Research Assitant Traffic Data/ CAD Operator (2) Survey Expert Research Analyst
Secretarial/ Traffic Data Clerical Staff Expert
Coppier/ Office Helper
Receptionist
FIGURE 3-20: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF TPU
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 77 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3.9. DATA ON ACCOUNTABILITY AND SOCIAL ASPECTS
The city entities working in large cities of Punjab at present are addressing the social and accountability aspects of their various projects on need basis. Though complaint registry and redress mechanism exists in these entities but there are different levels of public satisfaction with reference to service delivery. The information gathered during the course of formulation of this ESMF is presented in Table 3-16 to Table 3-22 for future reference and improvement.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 78 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 3-16: DATA ON EXISTING COMPLAINT SYSTEM RELATED TO WASAS
Lahore Multan Rawalpindi Faisalabad Gujranwala Is a complaint system in Yes Yes Yes yes Yes operation? For how many years has Awaiting N/A Yes. During June 2009 a full-fledged call 15 years Awaiting it been operational? center was established at head office is 100 % functional now and improving.
Has it been upgraded in Awaiting N/A Yes Yes, upgraded in 2011 Awaiting recent years? (e.g. (all three ) additional staff, office space, equipment) What method of Telephone, letter Telephone, Telephone, letter Telephone, letter Telephone, letter and complaint registration and other. letter and Internet Internet other does it use? others Mobile phone
Ans: We are facilitating our complainers through all mediums as mentioned above
How many complaints Awaiting N/A 8926 Nos 2053 (2010) Awaiting were received last year?
How many complaints Awaiting N/A 549 Nos 334 Awaiting received in Nov 2011?
Of the complaints Awaiting N/A Billing (19%) Billing % -3% Awaiting received in 2011 how Service issues (81 %) Service issues (%)- 97% can be divided (in % or number) for billing and service problems?
Over 2011 how many Awaiting N/A Resolved (98%) Resolved (92% 3369 Awaiting
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 79 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Lahore Multan Rawalpindi Faisalabad Gujranwala complaints were Unresolved /pending (2%) complaints ) Unresolved resolved? (8% 300) Is there a follow up Yes Yes Yes, one of the customer representatives Yes through Awaiting system to find out if sitting in call center keeps track of all the Telephone, in writing complaint has been complaints which are pending. His/her duty and computer resolved? is to ask the concerned staff all the time and also gets feedback from consumers at random on daily basis about rectification of their complaints
How many staff working Awaiting N/A 3+2+1= 6 complaint receivers 16(4+4+4) 4 attendants Awaiting full time on receiving For 24 x 7 x 365 days in three shifts complaints?
What is the system to Computer and Computer and Computer and register Computer and register register maintain data? register register
Is training provided to Yes - Regular training is provided to the complaint Yes - staff on how to handle receivers along with weekly review meeting complaints? on customer’s complaints. Proper qualified staff has been deputed in call center.
Were any official Awaiting - A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP ) of Yes, an officer who - guidelines or call center is implemented throughout installed same centre in notifications received on complaint centers and call center containing WASA Lahore handling complaints? rules and regulations , time frame of The staff was trained by Please provide details. complaints rectification ,response time etc. I.T. Engineers.
- The telephone receiving persons are working - - round the clock according to the format. 4 persons in each shift of 8 hours .The complaints received in this centre are recorded with time and complaint no. and phone/cell number of complainer is noted
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 80 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Lahore Multan Rawalpindi Faisalabad Gujranwala for verification and rectification. The complaint is followed up from both WASA staff responsible for solving the problem as well as complainer.
TABLE 3-17: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OF COMPLAINTS COLLECTED FROM WSP - IBNET
Lahore Multan Rawalpindi Faisalabad Gujranwala Total number of complaints received in 2010 NA 16400 11744 23347 6250 No of pipe breaks in year 2006-2007 9374 816 57 1994 207 Total number of complaints in water supply in 25168 4790 9950 2243 18974 year 2006-2007 No of sewer blockages in 2006-200 143,2180 815 19,992 11,300 714 No of complaints in sewerage system in 37,380 8,640 19,992 12,778 18,974 2006-2007
Response to customer complaints (%) NA NA 95 90 92 Staff working full time on receiving NA NA NA NA NA complaints
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 81 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 3-18: DATA ON EXISTING COMPLAINT SYSTEM OF SWM
Question Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore (LWMC) Multan Rawalpindi Is a complaint system Yes (same the Yes Yes Yes Yes in operation? CDGF) The complaint system is in operations through 1139 since February 2011, the task of complaint registration and resolution have been outsourced to an internationally renowned agency named The Resource Group (TRG).) For how many years 3- Years 5 years Since February 2011 2 years 4 years has it been operational? What method of Telephone and Telephone and letter Help line of 1139 through TRG, Telephone, Letters Telephone and letter complaint registration letter does it use? How many complaints No data is available From 01-01-2010 to 16130 different type of 50 written in year 1100 were received last specifically for 31-12-2010 163 complaints registered and 10 daily basis year? SWM complaints complaints were (average) separately received, from 01-01- telephonically 2011 to 30-11-2011 260 complaints were received How many complaints - - Not Applicable 3000 Approx. - received over 2011 how can be divided in % or number ) for billing and service problem Over 2011 how many Resolved 90% as Resolved (100%) More than 99% complaints Resolved 95% 600 complaints were the complaints are resolved resolved mostly related to collection Is there a follow up - Yes the complaint Yes, the daily report of Yes -
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 82 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Question Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore (LWMC) Multan Rawalpindi system to find out if responds complaints registered/resolved is complaint has been telephonically to the prepared and communicated to resolved? office through the concerned officials for their concerned field staff timely resolution. that complaint is resolved Staff working full time Yes we use the staff Two Officials Yes, the facility is outsourced to 5 No. Employees, 4 1 at DO office and 4 at on receiving of CDGF complaint the M/S TRG for complaints in zones and 1 in UC Level complaints centre registration, follow up and Head Office confirmation with the citizens. What is the system to Register and Register and Daily reports, Quarterly reports Register and Register and telephonic maintain data? telephonic telephonic and web based system telephonic communication communication communication communication Is training provided to Yes No Yes Yes No staff on how to handle complaints? Were any official - No specific We have given hierarchical level - No guidelines or guidelines. The to the TRG for launching or notifications received officials convey escalation of complaints along on handling complaints to the with phone numbers of all complaints? Please concerned field staff hierarchy at field and provide details. through office management level. The resolution telephone time of each type of complaint has also been communicated to the field units.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 83 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 3-19: DATA ON EXISTING COMPLAINT SYSTEM RELATED TO URBAN TRANSPORT
Sr. Question Gujranwala Faisalabad Multan Rawalpindi Lahore No. Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Lahore TEPA Authority Authority Authority Authority Transport Company 1 Is a complaint system No proper complaint No proper complaint No proper complaint People come with Yes No, as in operation? system (applications system (applications or system (applications or complaints and their there is no or directorates from directorates from CM, directorates from CM, complaints are solved public CM, DCO received DCO received and DCO received and at spot and no data is dealing in only and data are complaints from public complaints from public maintained. TEPA maintained for those are also dealt here) are dealt here). applications only)
2 For how many years - - - - 2009 Not has it been Applicable operational? 3 Has it been upgraded No No No - Telephonic + N.A in recent years? (e.g. E-mail + IT additional staff, office Staff + Control space, equipment) Room 4 What methods of Application/Letter Application/Letter Application/Telephone in person E-mail + Phone N.A complaint registration + Courier does it use? 5 How many complaints 7 21 in December 2010 - - 59 N.A were received last only year? 6 How many complaints 1 16 6 - 3 N.A were received over November 2011? 7 Of the complaints 75% service issues 70% billing 60% billing - Forward to N.A received over 2011 25% billing 30% service issues 40% service issues concerned how can be divided for department. billing and service
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 84 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. Question Gujranwala Faisalabad Multan Rawalpindi Lahore No. Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Lahore TEPA Authority Authority Authority Authority Transport Company problems?
8 Over 2011 how many 9 Resolved 210 Resolved 32 Resolved - 50 Resolved N.A complaints were 44 in process 3 in process resolved? 9 Is there any follow up Yes Yes Yes - Yes N.A system to find out if a complaint has been resolved 10 How many staff are not particular staff, not particular staff, any not particular staff, any not particular staff, 4 N.A working full time on RTA staff is given RTA staff is given RTA staff is given any RTA staff is receiving complaints? charge for this charge for this charge for this given charge for this 11 What is the system to Proper file is Register Register - Soft form+Hard N.A maintain data on maintained form complaints? 12 Is training provided to No Training No Training No Training - Yes N.A staff on how to handle complaints? 13 Were any official Yes(Time limits) Yes(Time limits) Yes(Time limits) - Directions are N.A guidelines or made time to notifications received time on handling complaints? Please provide details
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 85 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 3-20: PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION OF WASAS
Source Lahore Multan Rawalpindi Faisalabad Gujranwala How many written requests were Annual development N/A No written request received but No No receive over 2011 for documents plan is available online people often get information (e.g. Annual Development plan, on Punjab Government from Head office regarding fee schedule, procurement under website and documents development activities of projects etc.) can be shared on WASA request. What is the most requested N/A N/A Development details in Annual N/A N/A document? Budget. MNA/ MPA Grants and Annual Development Program
Has any official guideline been N/A N/A Yes No N/A received for release of documents to the public? Is any staff particularly allocated N/A N/A Yes , Assistant Director No N/A for providing documents? (Information) Is there a website maintained by There is no official There is no Yes Yes N/A the agency? website for WASA official website Lahore at the moment for WASA but website is under Multan but they process. use the MDA website. Is it currently operational? - - Yes Yes - Are there any documents N/A N/A Presentations on WASA, Tender notices N/A available through the website? Guidelines Tariff rates , WASA please name few Schemes , tender notice , press clippings etc.
Additional information Being public N/A serving deptt. The access to documents is
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 86 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Source Lahore Multan Rawalpindi Faisalabad Gujranwala allowed as when desired by public representative and District Management.
TABLE 3-21: PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION OF SWM DEPARTMENTS
Question Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore Multan Rawalpindi How many written requests were receive - - No written request was received from public - - over 2011 for documents (e.g. Annual Development plan, fee schedule, procurement under projects.) What is the most requested document? - - General information were asked verbally - - about the work of LWMC Has any official guideline been received - - No guidelines have been issued. - - for release of documents to the public? However, information which are not classified are shared verbally or telephonically in case of a query.
Is any staff particularly allocated for No - No but concerned department deal such kind No No providing documents? of requests.
Is there a website maintained by the No - Yes No No agency? www.lwmc.com.pk Is it currently operational? No No Some documents are uploaded for general No No public. Like Employment Opportunities, Developmental projects, Awareness programs, pictures of activities of LWMC.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 87 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Question Faisalabad Gujranwala Lahore Multan Rawalpindi Are these documents available through - - No written request was received from - - the website? please name few! public. Source: All of the above information have been collected from the DO offices of the CDG
TABLE 3-22: PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION REGARDING URBAN TRANSPORT
Sr. Question Gujranwala Faisalabad Multan Rawalpindi Lahore No. Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Lahore TEPA Authority Authority Authority Authority Transport Company 1 How many written People come 4 No People come 21 N.A requests were receive personally to take personally to take over 2011 for documents. No written documents. No documents? requests written requests 2 What was the most Fare schedule, Route Fare Schedule No Fare schedule, Route Free Transport N.A requested document? plan plan Card 3 Has any official on demand documents on demand No on demand Yes N.A guideline been (Fare schedule and documents(Fare documents(Fare received for release of route plan) should be schedule ) should be schedule and route documents to the provided provided plan) should be public? provided 4 Is any staff Yes Yes No Yes Yes N.A particularly allocated for providing documents? 5 Is there a website No No No No Yes N.A maintained by the agency? 6 Is it currently No No No No Yes N.A operational?
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 88 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. Question Gujranwala Faisalabad Multan Rawalpindi Lahore No. Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Regional Transport Lahore TEPA Authority Authority Authority Authority Transport Company 7 Are there any No No No No Yes N.A documents available through the website?
TABLE 3-23: MATRIX GRADING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS SERVICES IN 5 CDGS
City Public Transport Traffic Water & sanitation SWM
Lahore 4 2 3 4
Rawalpindi 3 2 3 3
Multan 1 3 2 3
Gujranwala 2 3 2 2
Faisalabad 2 3 2 3
(On a scale of 1 – 5, 1 = Poor performance and 5 = Excellent performance)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 89 Environmental and Social Management Framework
SECTION – 4
4. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
4.1. OBJECTIVES OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
The stakeholder consultation is an integral part of the environmental and social assessment and aims to provide a two-way communication channel between the stakeholders and the scheme proponents. In line with this aim, the objectives of the stakeholder consultations are to:
Develop and maintain communication links between the scheme proponents and stakeholders, Provide key project information to the stakeholders, and to solicit their views on the scheme and its potential or perceived impacts, and Ensure that views and concerns of the stakeholders are incorporated into the scheme design and implementation with the objectives of reducing or offsetting negative impacts and enhancing benefits of the proposed scheme. To provide feedback to the stakeholders on the issues raised and the solutions planned related to project scheme.
However, currently, very limited consultations could be carried out, primarily because of lack of capacity of CDGs and city entities and community awareness. This shortcoming will be at least partially addressed with the help of the participatory framework included in the PCGIP design (discussed later in the Chapter).
4.2. CONSULTATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
The Urban Unit visited five cities and held meetings with CDGs and city entities officers. In addition, consultation workshops were also held to obtain views of the key stakeholders. The focus of discussions during meetings and workshops was on preparation of safeguards documentation and integration of environmental aspects into cities' urban planning, development and service delivery process. During discussion efforts were made to assess:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 90 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Overall planning and development process including agencies like WASA and Development Authorities in five cities;
Adequacy of environmental legislation and sub-legislation requirements for urban and cities development;
Existing practices to integrate environmental management aspects in the planning and development process;
Adequacy of ESMP implementations where IEEs / EIAs were prepared including review of documentation and reporting arrangements in response to clearance conditions imposed by Punjab EPA while issuing licenses; and
Availability of human, technical and financial resources (institutional aspects) in the participating cities in conformity to environmental laws and regulatory regime and planning and development requirements.
It was agreed during consultations that Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 and Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 provide adequate legal cover to the CDGs, to exercise environmental management. DO-Environment in each of the five cities possesses sufficient legal powers to ensure compliance with PEPA 1997. However, the existing institutional capacity both of CDGs, DO Environment and city entities are inadequate and need to be strengthened in terms of professional capacity and organization realignment.
4.3. CONSULTATION ON SOCIAL ASPECTS
Consultation meeting with all five CDGs and city entity officers were also held to assess the social aspects. Discussions during meeting focused on:
(i) Citizen Report Card; (ii) Public access to information; (iii) Complaint monitoring and grievance redress; and (iv) Involuntary resettlement.
The provincial government, CDGs and city entities have already started adopting these mechanisms, however, there are inefficiencies in their operations and management system. These inefficiencies are due to weakness in the existing management practices, inadequate human resource and logistics and availability of training opportunities for professional enhancement. Therefore strengthening and improvement in their existing practices and enhancement of existing resources is a dire need of time. It was agreed that technical assistance and funding would be provided, under the PCGIP, for developing policies and guidelines, training and capacity building with regards to address social issues. Additionally, it is agreed that since there is no policy of GoPunjab with respect to the World Bank’s requirements under
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 91 Environmental and Social Management Framework involuntary settlement, therefore ESMF should include policies and procedures to address social impacts in line with the World Bank’s guidelines.
To start the process of reforms, first the data on social aspects was collected and assessed with respect to:
Performance and effectiveness of current practices;
Existing processes, work flows and staff responsibilities;
Institutional and staff resources for implementing the proposed interventions; and,
Existence of procedural guidelines.
The relevant data has been incorporated in Section-3 of this document.
4.4. CONSULTATIONS WITH THE CITIES ON ESMF
The consultation meetings held at various government departments are summarized in Table 4-1. The table also provides key outcomes of these consultations.
TABLE 4-1: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS
Sr. # Date Venue Participants Outcome of Consultations
Meeting with 12-12- LDA Mr. Abdul Qadeer (Dir Mr. Abdul Qadeer (Dir 1. WASA and 2011 (P&E) WASA) (P&E) WASA) gave a LDA officials Ch. Aftab (DMD Engg detailed overview of the WASA) organizational structure of PR & M officials from LDA and WASA, LDA and WASA explaining that Ms. Kiran Shehzadi environmental and social Ms. Misbah Afaq issues are not dealt Mr. Hafiz Qasim separately by any wing but they are integrated within Ms. Farah Rasheed the projects carried out by WASA. 2. Meeting with 13-12- Urban Unit Mr. Tahir Javed DO Faisalabad stated that EDOs and 2011 CDGM (EDO MS) there is a need to improve DOs of 5 large Mr. Khwaja Anjum the EIA preparation and cities. Nazir GDGL (EDO implementation process. MS) The DDOs should play Mr. Yasir Gull Khan their part in facilitating the DDO (ENV) environmental practices Mr. Muratib Ali rather than restricting Inspector EPA GRW themselves to ensuring Mr. Abdul Hafeez compliance only. Farooqui Inspector The DDO Lahore stated
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 92 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. # Date Venue Participants Outcome of Consultations
LHR that the number of EPA Mr. Salman Aslam inspectors in Lahore are (DDO EPA) GRW inadequate and do not cater Dr. Arslan Pervaiz to this large city. Secondly (DDO SWM) CDGF he stated that there is a Mr.Shaukat Hayat need to create an ENV (DO EPA) FSB CELL at TMA level to Mr.Imtiaz rasool Alvi look after the (DO EPA) GRW environmental compliance Mr.Waheed ahmad in their jurisdiction and (EDO MS) GRW thirdly to aware people about the requirement of Ms. Nadia Qureshi carrying out EIA or IEE Ms. Kiran shehzadi before the design and Ms. Farah Rasheed construction of any project. Mr.Hafiz Qasim
Ms. Misbah Afaq The DDO Lahore emphasized said that environmental aspects should be integrated in the master planning of the cities. Strategic Environmental Assessment should be made an integral part of the Master Planning Process and each city should be acting in compliance with that master plan. He stated that landfills and similar structures that have significant importance in maintaining the environment are completely ignored in the master plans.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 93 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. # Date Venue Participants Outcome of Consultations
3. Meeting with 14-12- DCO Office District Coordination The DCO ensured full DCO Multan 2011 Multan Officer support in the EDO MS implementation of the Sec. DRTA project although he DO Environment emphasized the role of DO SWM involving EPA as they are Landfill site Officer the major decision making authority in case of Information Officer environmental and social District Officer Roads issues. EDO (CD)
MD-PHA Multan
EDO Works & Services Dr. Kiran Farhan Mr. Murad Rana 4. Meeting with 14-12- MDA DG MDA DG MDA highlighted the MDA and 2011 MD WASA need to adopt measures that WASA Director O&D WASA nullify the chances of officials Dr. Kiran Farhan corruption and ensured Mr. Murad Rana clean execution of the schemes under the project. 5. Meeting with 15-12- GDA DG GDA MD WASA-G and GDA GDA officials 2011 GDA Officials officials highlighted the MD WASA need of trainings of their Ms. Misbah Afaq employees. Mr. Sohaib ( Mr. Hafiz Qasim WB consultant) asked them Ms. Kiran Shehzadi about the project related to benchmarking of performance indicators which WASA fully agreed to implement if provided with the adequate training and capacity building. 6. Meeting with 15-12- Gujranwala DCO GRW Regarding the issue of DCO GRW 2011 DCO Office EDO MS public disclosure of EDO Finance & information, DCO GRW Planning explained that that there is EDO Works & no regime in government Services offices for disclosing EDO SWM information to public. He DO ENV pointed out that unavailability of a legal DDO ENV framework and lack of Ms. Misbah Afaq human resource are the two Mr. Hafiz Qasim major impediments in the Ms. Kiran Shehzadi disclosure of development plans in the public. DCO GRW emphasized on the need of developing a
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 94 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. # Date Venue Participants Outcome of Consultations
practical approach to manage the environmental and social issues arising during the project. The EDO W &S and DO ENV agreed that there is a need to develop an environmental checklist for all types of projects so that in the project identification and planning stage basic environmental aspects can be cross checked through the list in a very short time. EDO F&D emphasized the need of capacity development. 7. Meeting with 16.12.2 WASA -F MD WASA MD WASA-F was MD WASA-F 011 Mr. Zahid Parvaiz informed about the ESMF Public Relations and he realized the Officer (PRO) importance of considering (FDA,PHA) environmental and social Mr. Mohammad Azhar issues in various projects. DG FDA He also emphasized on the Mr. Mohammad Azhar significance of generating Director planning awareness in this regard. WASA Mr. Azeem Iqbal (Web designer WASA) 8. Meeting with 16-12- DCO office Mr. Naseem Sadiq DCO Faisalabad DCO 2011 Faisalabad DCO Faisalabad appreciated the idea of Faisalabad Mr. Shaukat Hayat citizen feedback and said DO Environment that the public is the Mr. Qamar DO rightful entity to gauge (SWM) Punjab government’s Mr. Saeed DO (MS) performance. Dr. Aslam DDO DCO also mentioned that Ms. Shareen DO they are the front runners Spatial Planning in setting a benchmark for Mr. Mohammad carrying out this project. Ahmad Annual revenue is good at Ms. Rabia Anwar Faisalabad and annual budget goes to 5 billion Ms. Farah Rashid rupees. He also mentioned that the donation from general public crossed 1 billion rupees and that the pace of institutional
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 95 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. # Date Venue Participants Outcome of Consultations
improvement should also increase.
9. Meeting with 20-12- RDA DG RDA MD RDA said that the Rawalpindi 2011 Director P&D WASA major impediment in the Development Muhammad Farooq implementation process is Authority PRO WASA the lack of capacity.
(RDA) & Mr. Qamar Admin and Finance Department WASA WASA Officials Mr. Fahad MIS Department WASA Dr. Murtaza Haider Mr. Murad Rana Mr. Hafiz Qasim 10. Meeting with 20-12- DCO Office District Coordination DCO RWP stated that DCO 2011 RWP Officer Provincial govt. should Rawalpindi EDO MS support in terms of policy EDO Works making and EDO Community implementation of rules Development and regulations. EDO (W&S) DCO RWP said that we DO SWM have to build the capacity DO Environment of our staff through trainings and consultations Dr. Murtaza Haider with stakeholders. Staff, Mr. Murad Rana responsible for onsite Mr. Hafiz Qasim implementation should be Mr. Muhammad monitored closely. Usman
11. Meeting with 22-12- WASA Mr. Javaid Iqbal (MD Director P &E Mr. Abdul WASA-L 2011 Lahore WASA) Lahore Qadeer stated that at Officials Mr. Qadeer Khan – present, environmental and Director P&E social issues are considered Mr. Imtiaz – Public in infrastructure related Relation Officer projects but the Mr. Tanvir – P&E implementation phase lacks Mr. Kazim the proper monitoring and Mr. Hafiz Qasim there is lack of adequate resources for improvement in this regard. 12. Meeting with 22-12- TEPA Chief Engineer The TEPA officials agreed TEPA 2011 Lahore Mr. Israr Saeed, on the issue of public Officials Director Traffic consultation in the project Engineering planning stage. Mr. Kazim Mr. Hafiz Qasim
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 96 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Sr. # Date Venue Participants Outcome of Consultations
13. Meeting with 23-12- LDA Johar Mr. Irfan Ali Bhatti WASA officials explained LDA Officials 2011 Town Add. Director General about their effective Housing complaint redressal Mr. Waseem Khan mechanism and ensured CMP that it can be used for Mr. Sohail Janjoa attaining citizen feedback. Director Public WASA’s complaint system Relations and the web based Mr. Farhad Ali Khan, development was explained Supervisory Officer in this consultative (One Window Cell) meeting. Mr. Muhammad Umar Ms. Kiran Shahzadi
4.5. CONSULTATION DURING SCHEME PREPARATION
This section describes the consultations that will be carried out during the scheme preparation, and also the consultation to be conducted during the scheme implementation.
4.5.1. STAKEHOLDERS
The key stakeholders of the in scheme execution will include residents of five cities such as low income communities, concerned line departments, related CDGs and city entities, local communities, beneficiaries, the users likely to be impacted, rich, poor, service providers and government officials and NGOs. It is anticipated that the community members will participate in schemes by joining the community-based organizations (CBOs) and NGOs who may be involved in neighborhood activities including arranging and organizing community and neighborhood events. For each scheme there, specific stakeholders will be identified.
The CDGs and city entities will largely rely on:
i. Community driven approach where men, women and children define the problems and issues and design practical solutions through a community action planning process; ii. Selecting competitively communities based on human, financial and O&M commitments. iii. integrating physical, social and economic components managed and mediated by CBOs; and, iv. Continuing to incorporate and strengthen the role of women in all aspects of scheme preparation, implementation and operation and maintenance activities.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 97 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Potential beneficiary communities will be the key stakeholders of scheme and they will be able to contribute in terms of labor. Women are important stakeholders hence there effective participation in decision making and benefit sharing will be ensured.
4.5.2. CONSULTATION PROCESS
Consultations with key stakeholders have been an integral part of the ESMF preparation. Workshops of stakeholders have been held and the social assessment has been carried out in consultation with the Line GoPunjab departments, CDGs, and city entities.
During the preparation and implementation of the Project schemes, the CDGs and city entities would adopt a participatory mode and will adheres to a process of regular consultation with beneficiaries. Consistent application of this process will reinforce the message of community participation. Key aspects of consultation are described below:
Public involvement will be initiated early during the scheme preparation phase, will also be ensured at the screening stage of a scheme proposal and then it will continue throughout the scheme design, implementation and monitoring process. All schemes will be identified through consultations with the entire community facilitated by the local CBOs or NGOs. The “O&M schemes” will be identified through consultations with target communities, but would be supervised through community groups identified through a social mobilization process. In the local cultural and social set-up, women do not play an active part in decision-making regarding municipal services and their standard. Ideally, separate meetings will be held for women, but if it will not possible to held separate meeting with women, women will be consulted through CBOs or NGOs, women with relatively higher awareness level manage to express their concerns e.g. teachers, health workers, members of local women organizations. Participation of the women in the citizen report card exercise will be encouraged. Similarly they will be given equal employment opportunities (in the new institutional structure). Organized focused group discussion will be arranged with both male and female representatives and their comments and reviews will be incorporated accordingly.
4.5.3. PARTICIPATION DURING PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
At the design process, social assessment will identify the scheme specific stakeholders. These identified groups will be further involved during the implementation phase. At the implementation stage, the project information will be shared with all the stakeholders and public so that they can evaluate, monitor and provide with feedback. The citizen report card information will also be hosted online. The consultation process will be followed up by the Urban Unit safeguard specialist. The safeguard specialist will guide and monitor the entire consultation process and will also provide feedback to the implementers of the
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 98 Environmental and Social Management Framework scheme. The participation framework, defining the consultation and participation mechanism to be followed during the schemes implementation is provided in Table 4-2.
TABLE 4-2: PARTICIPATORY FRAMEWORK FOR PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
Scheme Stakeholders Duration Output Constraints
Water Supply and Sewerage
A. Water Supply WASA staff At least two Social and Roles and i. Water bodies intake works and month for environmental responsibilities of each ii. Water treatment plants communities feasibility. assessments, stakeholder should be iii. Water supply augmentation at scheme site financial and clarified before and distribution lines through CBOs implementation implementation of the iv. Water tanks and overhead and NGOs guidelines be scheme to avoid reservoirs formulated and consequences v. Up gradation of existing it will be head works available for the Interest group vi. Generators all the relevant stakeholders may B. Strom Water Drainage (Open stakeholders. participate in planning and closed drains) and implementation The mitigation stage. C. Sewerage / Sanitation measures for all the impacts will be addressed in i. Sewerage networks, pumping stations and the scheme treatment plants design. ii. Only sewer networks iii. Public conveniences iv. Pay and use latrines v. Septic tanks
Transportation
A. Roads EDO W&S, One or Two Social and To ensure participation i. New Roads TEPA,UD month for environmental of all stake holders for ii. Widening of roads within wing and assessments, the transparency of the and outside ROW affecting communities Feasibility. financial and scheme. environmental sensitive at scheme site implementation components through CBOs guidelines will iii. Repair and improvement of and NGOs be formulated road surface, foot paths, and it will be Traffic islands and road available for the divider all the relevant iv. Other traffic and transport stakeholders. management measures
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 99 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Scheme Stakeholders Duration Output Constraints
B. Street Furniture -do- 15-days for Initiation of To avoid duplication i. Traffic signals implementation take snaps before and ii. Street lights Feasibility process, and after the scheme iii. Sign boards positive implementation. response from the community.
C. Road Structures -do- At least two Social and Roles and i. ROBs / RUBs months for environmental responsibilities of each ii. Under passes (Pedestrian feasibility. assessments, stakeholder should be ways and Fast moving lanes) financial and clarified before iii. Small / pedestrian bridges implementation implementation of the iv. Culverts guidelines will scheme to avoid be formulated consequences. and it will be available for the Interest group all the relevant stakeholders may stakeholders. participate in planning and implementation
stage.
Solid Waste Management
i. Landfill site ii. Compost yards EDO MS, DO At least one to Awareness To ensure participation iii. Other waste treatment SWM,LWMC two months about scheme of all stake holders for facilities and for and how to the transparency of the iv. Construction of storage communities establishment. benefit and scheme. points at scheme site terms of v. Door to door waste through CBOs conditions e.g. collection and NGOs cost, capacity vi. Segregation and recycling of building as a pre waste facilities requisite. vii. SWM Vehicles
Community Amenities
i. Landscaping ii. Parks PHA and DA At least one to Awareness To ensure participation iii. Playground and two months about scheme of all stake holders for iv. Community centres communities for feasibility and how to the transparency of the at scheme site benefit and scheme. through CBOs terms of and NGOs conditions e.g. cost, capacity
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 100 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Scheme Stakeholders Duration Output Constraints
building as a pre requisite.
General
i. Computer facilities ii. Weighbridges Concerned Over project Better asset To ensure participation CDG or city cycle management of all stake holders for entity and and M&E the transparency of the communities scheme. at scheme site through CBOs and NGOs
***************************
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 101 Environmental and Social Management Framework SECTION - 5
5. POTENTIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
The project, during execution of ELIs, will encounter a number of environmental and social issues. Pollution of water bodies and other natural resources, issues related to air pollution, tree cutting or other environmental components, such as land acquisition and rehabilitation and resettlement may arise. The GoPunjab undertakes the following categories of urban infrastructure schemes at city level:
Water Supply and Sewerage; Solid Waste Management; Transportation (Roads and Streets); Public Spaces; Storm water Drains; Street Lighting; Non Commercial and Community Amenities; Other related Municipal Investments; and Awareness and Participation Raising Campaigns.
However, the schemes to be implemented under the Project are limited to operation and maintenance of water supply and drainage systems, rehabilitation and improvement of roads and streets, repair and maintenance of footpaths, traffic islands, and road dividers.
A list of potential environmental issues that may arise during the execution of the above schemes is provided in at Annex 1. The potential impacts and their mitigation of the key types of schemes are discussed in the following sections.
5.1. WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SCHEMES
Following are some of the scheme types that may be considered in PCGIP for execution:
a. Water Supply: includes maintenance or rehabilitation of existing water distribution or transmission lines, construction or rehabilitation of pumping / booster stations, construction / augmentation of water treatment plants, purchase of water tankers and rehabilitation of overhead reservoirs. Typical environmental issues that may arise for above mentioned schemes
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 102 Environmental and Social Management Framework
are outlined in Table 5-1 with some possible mitigation measures associated with management of those schemes.
TABLE 5-1: GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONCERNING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES WITH MITIGATION MEASURES
Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Environmental Indicators
Water quality Water quality analysis will be carried out on a periodic basis to ensure that water continues to meet drinking water standards.
Alteration in natural flow of Riprap (Cobbled stone), gravel or concrete will be used as needed to rainwater runoff prevent erosion of drainage structures.
Creation of stagnant water pools Contouring will be undertaken to ensure proper flow.
It will be ensured that spilled water and rain water drain to a soak way or equivalent structure and do not accumulate and create stagnant standing water.
Water contamination Leaks from cracked structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and similar structures will be monitored and repaired.
Animals will not be allowed to drink directly from the water source.
Water supply exhaustion Water levels will be monitored.
Water levels will be monitored to detect overdrawing.
Depletion of aquifer Water levels in wells or water tanks/reservoirs will be monitored to detect overdrawing.
Damage to cultural heritage In case of chance find of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, sites archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
b. Strom Water Drainage: mainly include renovation of open / closed drains which may cause some environmental impacts. The probable impacts for these schemes and their mitigation measures are outlined in Table 5-2.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 103 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 5-2: GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATION MEASURES FOR DRAINAGE SCHEMES
Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Environmental Indicators
Alteration in natural flow of Riprap (Cobbled stone), gravel or concrete will be used as rainwater runoff needed to prevent erosion of drainage structures.
Creation of stagnant water pools Contouring will be undertaken to ensure proper flow.
Ensure that spilled water and rain water drain to a soak way or equivalent structure and do not accumulate and create stagnant water.
Disposal/release of storm water can The disposal location will be carefully selected. affect built-up areas, infrastructure, and cultivation fields Natural streams/water bodies will be identified for final disposal of storm water.
Size of the system (pipes, drains, others) will be adequately design in accordance with the rainfall data of the area.
Groundwater contamination Leaks from cracked structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and similar structures will be monitored and repaired.
If water table is too high, tank will be lined with clay, plastic sheeting or some other impermeable material to prevent leakage.
Slow rate overland flow and slow rate subsurface flow will be used where groundwater is < 3 ft. below surface.
Water contamination in water Leaks from cracked structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and tanks, reservoirs similar structures will be monitored and repaired.
If water table is too high, tank will be lined with clay, plastic sheeting or some other impermeable material to prevent leakage.
Sludge will not be disposed of near water bodies.
Provision of feeding grounds for Creation of stagnant water pools will be avoided. disease vector Disease vectors will be monitored.
Diseases in handlers and processors Workers will be provided with appropriate protective clothing, including rubber gloves, boots, long sleeved shirts and pants, and workers will be trained to wash hands and faces frequently with soap and warm water and both will be made available.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 104 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Damage to cultural heritage sites In case of chance find of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
5.2. SEWERAGE / SANITATION SCHEMES
The sewerage and sanitation schemes are not included in ELIs and hence not part of the Project. However, CDGs may undertake such schemes under the government financing. Environmental issues that may arise in these schemes are presented in Table 5-3 with mitigation measures.
TABLE 5-3: GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CONCERNING SEWERAGE WITH AN OUTLINE OF THEIR MITIGATION MEASURES
Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Environmental Indicators
Surface and groundwater On site wastewater treatment facility like septic tanks should contamination due to leakages be installed. Alternatively, central sewage treatment facility should be provided. Proper maintenance and regular leakage detection survey in the sewerage system should be carried out.
Water logging during operation and Maintenance of drains should be ensured to avoid any maintenance blockage. Avoid Solid Waste disposal in open drains. In severe conditions water sucker machine can be used to drain the water logged area. Stagnant wastewater during Maintenance of drains should be ensured to avoid any operation and maintenance blockage. Avoid Solid Waste disposal in open drains. Disruption of local traffic during Alternative routes should be allocated to avoid congestion. construction
Disposal of excavated soil during The excavated soil should either be used in construction or maintenance and rehabilitation should be properly disposed of. work
Disposal of sludge and sewer silt The sludge and sewer silt should be collected and disposed of during operation and maintenance properly.
Health and safety issues associated The workers handling the sludge should be equipped with with storage and handling of sludge personal protective equipment to avoid any health hazard.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 105 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Pollution from equipment and The machinery and equipment should be checked for their machinery compliance with the emission standards of Pak EPA.
Health and safety issue while Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be formulated to working in sewerage systems ensure worker’s health and safety.
Impact on public/private properties To minimize the nuisance and other impacts near the sewer lines and other sensitive receptors along the area should be properly covered and proper fencing needs to the sewer lines be done in order to provide buffer zone.
Damage to cultural heritage sites In case of chance find of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
In above-mentioned categories, social issues may arise if government land that has been occupied or encroached upon is involved or if private land is required. The social assessment will be a part of each scheme design. The schemes with major social impacts will not be taken up under the umbrella of the project.
5.3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM)
Solid Waste Management (SWM) schemes are also not included in ELIs and hence not included in the Project. However, CDGs may implement such schemes under the government financing. The generic potential environmental impacts along with their mitigation measures of such schemes are presented in Table 5-4.
TABLE 5-4: GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF SWM WITH THEIR MITIGATION MEASURES
Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Environmental Indicators
Soil and water contamination Proper disposal of waste should take place.
Air /noise pollution due to the operation of The SWM vehicles should be checked for compliance with waste disposal or processing facilities the noise pollution and vehicular emission standards of PAK EPA.
Odor of decomposing solid waste Covering of malodorous waste with soil cover reduces the odor. The waste should not be disposed of at open plots or road sides, it should be properly transported and disposed at
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 106 Environmental and Social Management Framework
landfill sites or dumpsites (in case landfill is not available).
Public health nuisance during operation of Waste enclosures or transfer stations should be constructed SWM components ranging from collection for intermediate storage of waste prior to final disposal. to ultimate disposal
Change in urban aesthetics The location of waste bins and route design should be such that the aesthetics of an area are least affected. Covered solid waste containers should be placed. Wheely bins should be used instead of typical hand carts or wheel barrows.
Issues pertaining to siting of SWM Proper site selection survey should be carried out before the facilities such as proximity to settlements, construction of SWM facilities like material resource cultural properties and any other sensitive recovery facility. receptors Instead of landfills, waste processing plants should be made to have minimum impact on the surroundings.
Vector proliferation Avoid piling up of waste for long duration. Proper disposal of waste should be carried out. Regular fumigation at the dumpsites or landfill is required to minimize the spread of diseases.
Pollution from machinery and equipments The machinery and equipment should be checked for their compliance with the emission standards of Pak EPA.
Health and safety concerns of workers SOPs should be formulated to ensure worker’s health and handling wastes safety.
Damage to cultural heritage sites In case of chance find of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
In above-mentioned categories, social issues may arise if government land that has been occupied or encroached upon is involved or if private land is required. The social assessment will be a part of each scheme design. The schemes with major social impacts will not be taken up under the umbrella of the project.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 107 Environmental and Social Management Framework
5.4. TRANSPORTATION
Transportation schemes under the Project will include repair and maintenance of infrastructure related to roads, bypasses, road over bridges (ROB) and street furniture. All proposed schemes for repair and maintenance of roads / street, street furniture and removal of encroachments. can also be part of ELIs.
a. Roads: include rehabilitation and improvement of road surfaces, rehabilitation and improvement of internal roads, repair and improvement of footpaths, traffic islands and road dividers. These schemes may cause environmental issues which are presented in Table 5-5.
TABLE 5-5: GENERIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATION MEASURES FOR VARIOUS SCHEMES OF ROAD REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE
Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Environmental Indicators
Change in hydrology and Proper design of surface drainage system should be carried out. drainage patterns
Increase in air pollution and noise Plant tall, leafy, and dense vegetation between roads and levels due to traffic human settlements to filter pollutants. Adopt appropriate measure to reduce air pollution during rehabilitation i.e., sprinkling of water etc. Motor vehicle noise can be reduced at source, for example through vehicle construction, selection of tires and exhaust systems, as well as vehicle maintenance. Noise can be minimized by controlling speed of vehicles. Noise barriers should be constructed because they are among the most common mitigating measures used. They are most effective if they break the line of slight between the noise source and the receptors being protected, and if they are thick enough to absorb or reflect the noise received. (Uneconomical for developing countries). Blowing of horn should be prohibited. Continuous row and dense plantation can also act as a barrier.
Traffic and pedestrian safety and Zebra crossings and bridge should be provided at busy safety of roadside dwelling units roads to avoid accidents. Proper traffic management is required to avoid congestion.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 108 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Traffic management concerns in Providing sufficient capacity to avoid traffic congestion, even densely developed areas with projected increases in traffic flow. Traffic management provisions should ensure that vehicles operate at peak efficiency in populated areas.
Impact on sensitive receptors Avoid intersections at sensitive areas. Divert traffic from such environment sensitive locations.
Destruction of roadside habitat / In road widening projects special care should be taken to vegetation due to repair and avoid cutting of excessive trees and plantation. maintenance works Construction area should be properly fenced and covered from all sides.
Health and safety issues of SOPs should be formulated to ensure worker’s health and safety. workers
Pollution from equipments Equipments should be regularly checked for compliance of the emission standards of Pak EPA.
Impact on cultural properties. Traffic congestion should be minimized in at areas of cultural importance.
Damage to cultural heritage sites In case of chance find of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
Social issues may arise in these schemes if government land that has been occupied or encroached upon is involved or if private land is required. The social assessment will be a part of each scheme design. The schemes with major social impacts will not be funded under the project.
b. Street furniture: includes repair and maintenance of streetlights, signboards and traffic signals. At some locations the scheme may cause minor environmental issues such as:
Disturbance to other services/lines; Increase in area congestion; Increase in air pollution and noise levels due to congestion; and Effect on urban aesthetics.
c. Road Structures: include repair and maintenance of under passes, pedestrian bridges, and road over-bridges (ROBs), road under-bridges (RUBs), culverts and small bridges on road. Environmental and social impacts that may arise are:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 109 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Water logging due to poor drainage facilities; Disturbance to other services/lines; Pedestrian safety concerns; Traffic safety; Safety of roadside dwelling units; Traffic management issues in densely developed areas; Possible changes in air pollution and noise levels; Impact on sensitive receptors; Community and cultural severance; Impact on cultural properties; Health and safety concerns of workers; and Pollution from equipments.
Social issues may arise in these schemes if government land that has been occupied or encroached upon is involved or private land is needed. The social assessment will be a part of each scheme design. The schemes with major social impacts will not be funded under the project.
5.5. COMMUNITY AMENITIES
Community amenity schemes are also not included in ELIs hence not included in the Project. However, CDGs may implement such schemes under the government financing. Environmental impacts may be negligible or even positive but social impacts can be significant and issues that may arise are:
Solid and liquid waste disposal; Public health and safety; Sanitation issues; Parking problems; and Fire safety issues.
These impacts are presented in Table 5-6, with their mitigation measures.
TABLE 5-6: GENERIC IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATION MEASURES FOR GREEN AREAS AND PLAYGROUND RESTORATION
Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Environmental Impacts
Dust Water will be sprinkled frequently on-site to mitigate formation of dust clouds.
Damage to green belts Circular garden and other parks in the scheme area will be avoided. Damage to vegetation will be avoided.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 110 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Areas damaged during construction will be re-vegetated. Proper bedding material will be used for pipes.
Creation of stagnant water Contouring will be undertaken to ensure proper flow. pools It will be ensured that spilled water and rain water drain to a soak way or equivalent structure and do not accumulate and create stagnant water.
Water contamination Leaks from cracked structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and similar structures installed within circular garden and internal parks and playgrounds will be monitored and repaired. Animals will not be allowed to drink directly from the water source.
Water supply exhaustion Water levels in parks( if any) will be monitored. Water levels in wells or impounding structures will be monitored to detect over-extraction.
Waste Disposal Waste materials such as plants or debris of demolished property will be disposed well away.
Restoration All properties, utility lines and other structures damaged during the restoration will be restored.
Damage to cultural heritage In case of chance find of any sites or artifacts of historical, cultural, sites archeological or religious significance, the work will be stopped at that site, the provincial and federal archeological departments will be notified immediately, and their advice will be sought before resumption of the construction activities at such sites.
Similarly social issues may arise in these schemes if government land that has been occupied or encroached upon is involved or there is need for private land to be acquired. The social assessment will be a part of each scheme design. The schemes with major social impacts will not be taken up under the umbrella of the project.
***************************
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 111 Environmental and Social Management Framework SECTION – 6
6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
6.1. ESMF INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
The overall responsibility of ESMF implementation rests with the Project Director, Urban Unit (PD UU). The PD (UU) will fulfill this responsibility with the help of the institutional arrangements described below.
Urban Unit: The Urban Unit will appoint a fulltime environmental and social safeguards specialist – Safeguards Coordinator - to coordinate the overall implementation of the ESMF. S/he will coordinate within UU and with CDG/other entities to ensure effective implementation of various ESMF components. S/he will be directly responsible for the capacity building component of the ESMF (discussed later in the Chapter).
The Safeguards Coordinator will be the focal point to ensure timely preparation and dissemination of ESMF documentation (discussed later in the Chapter), and liaison with external agencies including WB.
CDG: Each CDG will appoint a fulltime environmental and social Safeguards Specialist, to ensure the ESMF implementation at the City level. The Safeguards Specialist will be responsible for fulfilling the environmental and social management procedures for each scheme (the procedures are described later in the Chapter). The Safeguards Specialist will coordinate with the Safeguards Coordinator for the capacity building at the City level, and also for the preparation of ESMF reports.
Additional resources: As the portfolio of schemes and implementation of ESMF increases, the Safeguards Coordinator and particularly Safeguards Specialists may need additional resources for carrying out various environmental and social management activities. To meet these needs, the UU/CDGs may engage additional specialists either as employees or consultants.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 112 Environmental and Social Management Framework
6.2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE
The procedure to be followed for the management of environmental and social aspects of the individual schemes to be implemented by the CDGs/other city entities is described in this Section. While roles and responsibilities for various steps of this procedure have been specified and defined to the extent possible, overall technical and regulatory support will be sought from the office of the DO (Environment) in each City.
Application of this procedure for the schemes under the Project will be mandatory right from the start; for the remaining schemes to be implemented by the CDGs/city entities under government funding, an incremental approach will be followed and application of the environmental and social management procedure will be gradually expanded to cover all the schemes by end of the Project.
6.2.1. SCREENING OF SCHEMES
Screening will be first step of the environmental and social management procedure. Each scheme during its preparation stage will be screened with respect to environmental and social considerations. The Safeguards Specialist will be responsible to carry out this screening. The screening criteria are presented below.
Environmental Categories: Depending on size, cost, location and the nature, scheme will have varying impacts on city environment. The rigorousness of environmental assessment requires identifying and mitigating the impacts, largely dependent upon the complexities of scheme. To facilitate effective screening, schemes are categorized into three categories viz. E-1, E-2 and E-3.
(i) E-1 schemes are those wherein major environmental impacts are foreseen;
(ii) E-2 schemes are expected to have only moderate environmental impacts; and
(iii) E-3 schemes are the schemes with negligible environmental impacts and hence, these can be termed as “environmentally benign”.
Since PCGIP funds are exclusive for operation and maintenance and rehabilitation schemes, schemes falling under E-1 category shall not be funded. Table 6-1 illustrates tentative categorization of schemes based on their environmental sensitivity.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 113 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 6-1: PROFILE OF SCHEMES WITH TENTATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION
Schemes Environmental Requirement Schemes Environmental Category Requirement Category I. Water Supply & Sewerage II. Transportation A. Water Supply A. Roads 1. Water bodies intake works E-1 EIA 1. New Roads E-1 EIA 2. Water treatment plants E-1 EIA 2. Widening of roads outside ROW E-1 EIA 3. Water supply augmentation E-2 ESMP 3. Widening of roads within ROW E-2 ESMP 4. Water supply distribution lines E-2 ESMP 4.avoiding Rehabilitation any effect and on improvementenvironmental of E-2 ESMP roads’sensitive surface components. 5. Repair and Maintenance of water E-3 EIA 5. Construction and improvement of E-2 ESMP tanks foot paths. 6. Repair and Maintenance of overhead E-3 None 6. Construction of Traffic islands E-3 None reservoirs 7. Up-gradation of existing head works E-3 None 7. Construction and improvement road E-3 None dividers. 8. Generators for tube well, pumping E-3 None 8. Other traffic and transport E-3 None station etc. management measures.
B. Stormwater Drainage B. Street Furniture (O&M) 1. Rehabilitation of open drains E-2 ESMP 1. Traffic signals E-3 None 2. Rehabilitation of closed drains E-2 ESMP 2. Street lights E-3 None 3. Repair and maintenance of open and E-3 None 3. Sign boards E-3 None close drains. C. Sewerage/Sanitation C. Road Structures 1. Rehabilitation of sewerage networks E-1 EIA 1. ROBs / RUBs E-1 EIA including pumping stations and treatment plants 2. Rehabilitation of sewers E-1 EIA 2. Under passes
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 114 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Schemes Environmental Requirement Schemes Environmental Category Requirement Category 3. Rehabilitation of sewerage networks E-2 ESMP - Pedestrian ways E-2 ESMP 4.and Public pumping conveniences stations E-2 - Cycle E-2 ESMP 5. Pay and use latrines E-2 ESMP - Fast moving lanes E-2 ESMP 6. Septic tanks E-2 ESMP 3. Small Bridges/ pedestrian bridges E-2 ESMP 4. Culverts E-3 None III. Solid Waste Management IV. Community Amenities
1. Landfill site E-1 EIA 1. Landscaping E-2 ESMP 2. Compost yards E-1 EIA 2. Parks E-2 ESMP 3. Other waste treatment facilities E-1 EIA 3. Playgrounds E-2 ESMP 4. Construction of storage points E-2 ESMP 4. Community centers E-2 ESMP 5. Door to door waste collection E-3 None V. General 6. Segregation and recycling of waste E-2 ESMP 1. Computer Facilities E-3 None 7.facilities SWM Vehicles E-3 None 2. Weighbridges
Note: For investment schemes that have not been environmentally categorized, they will initially be considered as category E-1, unless otherwise specified by the GoPunjab. Schemes falling in E-1 and S-1andS-2 categories will generally be on negative list. Moreover standard established checklist procedure such as Leopold Matrix aided with sector specific guidelines published by Ministry of Environment, Pakistan would be used to evaluate environmental impacts of schemes and sub-schemes activities in order to classify the same into E-1, E-2 or E-3 category.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 115 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Social Categories: Based on the number of households that may be affected by the scheme, i.e. Affected Households (AHs) and magnitude of impacts, schemes are categorized as S-1, S-2 and S-3.
(i) S-1 schemes are those schemes that will impact more than 40 households, and are expected to have significant negative social consequences;
(ii) S-2 schemes are those which will impact less than 40 households and are expected to have significant social consequences affecting local inhabitants;
(iii) S-3 schemes are not expected to have any significant adverse social impacts;
Since PCGIP funds are exclusively allocated for operation and maintenance and rehabilitation schemes, thus schemes falling under S-1 and S-2 categories shall not be funded through the project.
TABLE 6-2: CATEGORIZATION OF SCHEMES BASED ON SOCIAL SENSITIVITY
Category Description Type of Scheme Requirement
Level of issues Management measures
S-1 Serious negative Resettlement and Rehabilitation > 40 households involved RAP social impact Plan will be required, in addition expected to a Social Assessment Report
S-2 Moderate negative Social Management Plan (SMP) 1-40 households involved RAP social impact in addition to Social Assessment expected Report
S-3 No negative social Social Assessment Report No involuntary resettlement None impacts expected or Affected Persons (APs) involved
6.2.2. CONDUCTING SCHEME-SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT
Subsequent to the screening discussed above, the type of environmental and social assessment requirements for each scheme will be determined according to the following criteria:
Schemes having E1 and S1 categories: full EIA (or ESIA) will need to be conducted for each individual scheme. In addition, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared for each scheme with S1 category.
Schemes having E2 and S2 categories: Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will be prepared for each individual scheme. In addition, an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan will be prepared for each scheme with S2 category.
Schemes having E3 and S3 categories: no further assessment is needed.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 116 Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMPs preparation: For each scheme with E2 category, ESMP will be prepared by the Safeguards Specialist at the CDG level. The ESMP preparation will be an integral part of the scheme preparation/appraisal process, and ESMP will be an integral part of the scheme documentation. The ESMP will include details of the works to be carried out under the scheme, the site-specific environmental and social information (baseline), and site-specific and scheme-specific mitigation measures. The ESMPs will be reviewed and cleared by the DO (Environment) of the respective City. The format of ESMP is presented in Annex 2. First five ESMPs of the schemes under the Project will be sent to WB for their review and approval.
EIAs (and RAP) Preparation: The schemes with E1 and S1/S2 categories will not be implemented under the Project, hence EIA/ESIA or RAP will not be conducted/prepared. However, CDGs/city entities may undertake schemes with E1 category with government financing, and for such schemes, EIAs will need to be conducted and their formal approval obtained from the Punjab EPA. Similarly, for the government-financed schemes having S1/S2 category, RAP will need to be prepared.
6.2.3. IMPLEMENTATION OF ESMPS AND EIAS
ESMP implementation. During the scheme implementation, the mitigation and monitoring measures included in the ESMP will need to be implemented. The ESMP will be included in the bidding documents (if the scheme is to be contracted out), and hence it will be included in the contractor’s scope of works/services. Similarly, if the scheme is to be implemented by the concerned department itself, the ESMP will be included in the scope of work/services. The ESMP cost will be included in the scheme implementation cost.
Environmental and social monitoring will also be carried out to ensure effective implementation of the ESMP. First tier of monitoring will be conducted along with the monitoring of the works being carried out under the scheme. At the second tier, the Safeguards Specialist will carry out spot checks to ensure ESMP implementation. Checklists prepared on the basis of mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP will be used for this purpose. Photographic record will also be maintained for this purpose.
EIA implementation. A similar procedure as described above will be used for the schemes for which EIAs are prepared. The EIA will be included in the bidding documents (if the scheme is to be contracted out), and hence it will be included in the contractor’s scope of works/services. Similarly, if the scheme is to be implemented by the concerned department itself, the EIA will be included in the scope of work/services. The EIA cost will be included in the scheme implementation cost.
6.3. INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS MANAGEMENT IN SCHEME LIFE CYCLE
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 117 Environmental and Social Management Framework
The environmental and social management procedure described in Section 6.2 above will be seamlessly integrated within the scheme identification, preparation, appraisal, approval, and implementation cycle. Environmental and social screening (described in Section 6.2.1) will be carried out at the scheme identification stage. The scheme-specific EIAs/ESMPs (described in Section 6.2.2) will be prepared during the scheme preparation/appraisal stage. Finally, ESMPs and EIAs will be implemented (described in Section 6.2.3) during the scheme implementation stage. This is further explained in the sections below and also presented in Table 6-3.
6.3.1. PREPARATION OF SCHEME
During preparation stage, the implementing entity (CDG/other city entity) will include the following details in scheme proposal:
(i) Technical aspects such as scheme eligibility for loan funding; details on suitability of scheme site; availability and appropriateness of inputs, and proven experience with the technology offered, engineering designs, and rehabilitation, operation and maintenance arrangements;
(ii) Economic aspects such as cost estimates, financial operating plan, economic and financial viability, and adequacy of proposed financing;
(iii) Organizational aspects such as institutional, legal and contractual framework; risk analysis; necessary clearances from regulatory entities; and required covenant format; and
(iv) Each scheme will be screened according to the criteria defined in Section 6.2.1 and Table 6-1. The screening will be done on the format as provided in the form of checklists given in Annex 3 and Annex 4. Screening will be carried out by the Safeguards Specialist.
6.3.2. SCHEME APPRAISAL
During scheme appraisal stage, the following activities will be performed:
(i) Review of the technical aspects such as scheme eligibility for loan funding; details on suitability of scheme site; availability and appropriateness of inputs, and proven experience with the technology offered, engineering designs, and rehabilitation, operation and maintenance arrangements;
(ii) Review of the economic aspects such as cost estimates, financial operating plan, economic and financial viability, and adequacy of proposed financing;
(iii) Review of the organizational aspects such as institutional, legal and contractual framework; risk analysis; necessary clearances from regulatory entities; and required covenant format; and
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 118 Environmental and Social Management Framework
(iv) If the Scheme is categorized as E1, an EIA will be conducted. If the Scheme is categorized as E2, an ESMP will be prepared (template given in Annex 2). For the scheme categorized as E3, no further environmental assessment is needed. ESMPs will be prepared by the Safeguards Specialist, whereas EIA preparation will be outsourced.
During the appraisal stage, the environmental and social appraisal shall focus on the following aspects:
Compliance with regulatory requirements and clearances; Comprehensiveness of the ESMP in light of the activity specific environmental and social issues; Integration of environmental and social measures in to the design wherever relevant; Arrangements for implementation of ESMP, including institutional capacity and contractual provisions; Inclusion of ESMP budgets in the scheme cost; ESMP monitoring and reporting arrangements; Adequacy of the social issues identified and suggested mitigation measure; Need for any legal covenant to address any specific environmental risks including regulatory risks.
The Safeguards Specialist will ensure that the above requirements are fulfilled. The DO (Environment) will review and approve the ESMPs and also advise the implementing entity on the environmental regulatory requirements.
6.3.3. SANCTION, FUNDS DISBURSEMENT AND SCHEME IMPLEMENTATION
The scheme will be approved once all the technical requirements are fulfilled and the ESMP/EIA is cleared. As stated above, ESMPs will be cleared by the DO (Environment), whereas EIAs will be approved by the Punjab EPA.
The ESMP or EIA of each scheme will be included in the bidding documents and the contracts. In this manner, the ESMP or EIA will be included in the overall scope of works/services, and the contractor will implement the mitigation measures included in the ESMP or EIA alongside other works/services included under the contract.
6.3.4. MONITORING, AUDIT AND EVALUATION
The implementing entity will monitor the contractor to ensure complete and proper implementation of the works/services in accordance with the contract.
During this phase, the Safeguards Specialist will conduct environmental and asocial monitoring to ensure that the mitigation measures given in the ESMP or EIA are effectively implemented. The environmental and social monitoring will include the following:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 119 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Frequent site visits by the Safeguards Specialist Environmental and social monitoring to ensure effective implementation of ESMPs/EIA particularly the mitigation measures included in these documents. The monitoring will be conducted with the help of checklists prepared on the basis of the mitigation plans included in ESMPs/EIAs. Laboratory analysis will be conducted if so specified in the ESMPs/EIA. Photographic records will be maintained where applicable/useful.
Third party monitoring: A sample-based third party monitoring will be carried out on an annual basis to evaluate the overall effectiveness of ESMF implementation for all the schemes undertaken by each of the CDG/other entities in a particular year. The Safeguards Coordinator will be responsible for this monitoring and validation and will engage suitable entity (such as consultants) for this purpose. Annex 5 presents sample ToRs for this audit.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 120 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 6-3: ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Milestones/ Process Responsibility Decision/Outcome Objectives 1. Scheme Screening Screen from environmental The implementing entity will prepare the Proposal including: Safeguards Specialist Environmental and social and social perspective . Environmental Screening report including categorization (E1, categorization of E2, or E3; S1, S2, or S3 scheme; . Social Screening report including categorization (S1, S2, or S3) Determination of type of assessment needed (EIA; ESMP; or no further assessment)
2. Scheme Appraisal Detailed Environmental and Preparation of ESMP Safeguards Specialist Completed ESMP Social Appraisal Preparation of EIA Safeguards Specialist Completed EIA (through outsourcing) Review of ESMP DO (Environment) Approved ESMP Review of EIA Punjab EPA Approved EIA 3. Funds Sanction and Disbursement Finalization of Contract a. Disburse first funding/money installment. Implementing entities ESMP/EIA included in Agreement b. Include ESMP/EIA in bidding documents and contracts contracts Scheme implementation ESMP/EIA implemented alongside the scheme works Contractor ESMP/EIA implemented. 4. Monitoring, Audit and Evaluation of a Scheme Monitoring Environmental and social monitoring to ensure effective Safeguards Specialist Monitoring reports implementation of mitigation measures included in ESMP/EIA Third party validation Sample based assessment and evaluation of ESMF implementation Safeguards Coordinator Environmental and for all schemes implemented by each CDG/city entity in a (through outsourcing) Social TPE Reports particular year
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 121 Environmental and Social Management Framework
6.4. CAPACITY BUILDING
GoPunjab envisages capacity building of its own personnel, CDGs and city entities in order to ensure that the ESMF is effectively implemented. The government personnel will be exposed to formal training in the management of environmental and social issues. The training program for various personnel will include an orientation program on the ESMF, social and environmental assessment processes, participatory methodologies, and other related aspects.
The training will focus on the environmental and social issues. The contents will basically focus on the ESMF profile, concept, regulatory requirements, environment and social priority issues, cycle, outline of Environmental Assessment (EA) / Social Assessment (SA) and report formats in respect of the environmental aspects. In respect of social aspects the course content will focus on the resettlement and restoration policies and procedures, national and provincial requirements, land acquisition process, identification of affected persons, social entitlement frameworks, social assessment, resettlement action planning techniques, risk assessment and management skills, complaint redress mechanism, disclosure of information and mechanism of citizen accountability such as citizen score cards system. The program will be structured in such a way that it clearly brings out the value addition and enhancement benefits of proper management of environmental and social issues. The generic training program is elaborated in Table 6-4.
The Safeguards Coordinator will be responsible for the overall implementation of the training program. S/he will be assisted by the Safeguards Specialists of each CDG in their respective city for this purpose.
In addition to the above, the Urban Unit will make concerted efforts to mainstream the environmental and social topics with the main training program of capacity building of concerned departments of GoPunjab. The Unit will help improve the effectiveness of management of environmental and social impacts during planning, implementation and operation of proposed investments by CDGs and city entities. Proposed criteria for graduating CDGs and city entities are shown in Table 6-4, which will be used as modules in capacity building for all CDGs and city entities. Each module will be field based, allowing real application of the critical practices such as the following:
(i) Basic practices: screening impacts, scoping assessments, planning mitigation options, public consultation to assess feasibility and acceptability options; (ii) Social: land acquisition methods, census methods, classifying severity of impacts and entitlements, responsibilities for planning and delivery of entitlements before site handover; (iii) Environment: site selection and route alignment to minimize environmental impacts and social disruption; restoration of drainage patterns, land use; including mitigation measures in Bill of Quantities (BOQs) and contracts; management of impacts during construction; monitoring of effectiveness of measures; and (iv) Monitoring and grievance redress: transparency and public administration in planning, reporting and supervision responsibilities and formats during implementation, documenting land transactions, complaint response record keeping and procedures.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 122 Environmental and Social Management Framework
TABLE 6-4: GENERIC TRAINING PROGRAM
Program Contents Duration Schedule Participants Program 1 Module 1 – ESF Profile Module 2 Environmental Module 3 Social Professionals at provincial GoPunjab Concept Assessment Process Assessment Process 1½ day and CDG level Orientation Program / ESMF Concept Environmental Laws & R&R policies and (1st , 2nd and 3rd Workshop for CDGs Regulatory Regulations procedures year of the PCGIP) Heads of implementing and city entities Requirements-E&S EIA process National & Provincial CDGs and city entities
Priority Issues Identification of requirements and other monitoring Scheme/ Project Cycle Environmental Impacts Land Acquisition agencies EA/SA Process Outline Impact identification process Reports & Formats Methods Identification of APs Identification Mitigation Social Entitlement Measures Frameworks Formulation of Social Assessment Environmental RAP Techniques Management Plan Implementation and Monitoring Institutional Mechanism Program 2 Module 1 – ESF Profile Module 2 Environmental Module 3 Social Commissioners & DCO GoPunjab Concept Assessment Process Assessment Process 1½ day of the potential CDGs Orientation Program / ESMF Concept Environmental Laws & R&R policies and (1st , 2nd and 3rd Workshop for Regulatory Regulations procedures year of the PCGIP) Engineering/Public Implementing CDGs Requirements-E&S EIA process National & Provincial Health personnel from the and city entities Priority Issues Identification of requirements implementing CDGs and
Scheme / Project Cycle Environmental Impacts Land Acquisition city entities EA/SA Process Outline Impact identification process Engineering personnel Reports & Formats Methods Identification of APs Identification Mitigation Social Entitlement from CDGs and city Measures Frameworks entities / consultants.
Formulation of Social Assessment Environmental RAP Techniques Management Plan Implementation and Monitoring Institutional
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 123 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Program Contents Duration Schedule Participants Mechanism Program -3 Module 1– Water Module 2– Solid waste Module 3– Roads, Traffic 1½ days (every Open Forum supply, sewerage and management and Transportation alternate year) Feed back and comments Workshop on sanitation ESMF Concept ESMF Concept (Introduction will be from the Participants. Sectoral ESMF Concept Regulatory Requirements- Regulatory common to all and Environmental and Regulatory E&S Priority Issues Requirements-E&S participants will be Commissioners & DCO Social Assessment Requirements-E&S EA/SA Process Outline Priority Issues split according to of the potential CDGs
Priority Issues Identification of EA/SA Process Outline their respective EA/SA Process Outline Environmental Impacts Identification of sectors) Engineering/Public Identification of Identification Mitigation Environmental Impacts Health personnel from the Environmental Impacts Measures Identification Mitigation implementing CDGs and city entities Identification Mitigation Formulation of Measures
Measures Environmental Formulation of Engineering personnel Formulation of Management Plan Environmental from CDGs and city Environmental Implementation and Management Plan entities / consultants. Management Plan Monitoring Implementation and
Implementation and Social Entitlement Monitoring Monitoring Frameworks Social Entitlement Social Entitlement Social Assessment Frameworks Frameworks RAP Techniques Social Assessment Social Assessment Case Studies RAP Techniques RAP Techniques Case Studies Case Studies Program - 4 Module – Experiences and Best Practices 2 day Commissioners & DCO Experiences on implementation of E&S in implemented schemes. (1st , 2nd and 3rd of the potential CDGs Experience Sharing Best Practices followed in E&S year of the Engineering/Public
Site visits to schemes / project sites. Health personnel from the implementing CDGs and city entities and those in the implementing process
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 124 Environmental and Social Management Framework
6.5. ESMF REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION
CPU Level: The Safeguards Specialists will maintain complete record of ESMF implementation at the City level. This will include:
Environmental and social screening record for each scheme ESMPs and their approvals, EIAs and their approval, Complete record of environmental and social monitoring (filled checklists, laboratory analyses, and photographs), Record of ESMF trainings conducted at the City level.
In addition, each Safeguards Specialist will be responsible for preparing ESMF quarterly progress reports for the respective City. These reports will include information on prepared/approved ESMPs during the reporting period, a summary of monitoring records, a summary of the training record, and a summary of any outstanding issues.
PTC Level: The Safeguards Coordinator will maintain record of the overall ESMF implementation for the entire Project. This will include:
Quarterly reports prepared by Safeguard specialists Report of third party validations conducted for overall ESMF implementation ESMF trainings conducted at the PTC level.
The Safeguards Coordinator will be responsible for preparing the ESMF progress reports for the entire Project on a six-monthly basis. These reports will essentially be prepared on the basis of the quarterly reports prepared by the individual CDGs through their Safeguards Specialists.
6.6. APPLICATION OF ESMF FOR GOVERNMENT- FINANCED SCHEMES
As stated at the outset, the GoPunjab through the present ESMF seeks to integrate environmental and social considerations in the cities’ overall planning, service delivery, and development processes. Towards this end, the environmental and social management procedure detailed in Section 6.2 will not only be applicable to the schemes to be implemented under the Project, it will also be gradually adopted for all service delivery functions in the large cities, by the end of the Project. This will thus ensure integration of environmental management aspects in the cities’ entire urban planning and development process.
The following framework is devised for achieving complete compliance of the environmental and social management procedure for all the schemes/functions of the CDGs by the end of Project:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 125 Environmental and Social Management Framework
By the end of first year of Project: 10 % government-financed schemes to follow the environmental and social management procedure (Section 6.2). By the end of second year of Project: 30 % government-financed schemes to follow the environmental and social management procedure. By the end of third year of Project: 60 % government-financed schemes to follow the environmental and social management procedure. By the end of fourth year of Project: 100 % government-financed schemes to follow the environmental and social management procedure.
The quarterly progress reports prepared by Safeguards Specialists and six-monthly reports prepared by the Safeguards Coordinator will include implementation status of the above framework. The third party validations described in Section 6.3.4 will assess progress on this aspect also.
6.7. SUMMARY OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION
Summary of roles and responsibilities of various persons/entities for ESMF implementation is provided in Table 6-5 below.
TABLE 6-5: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION
Safeguards Coordinator Safeguards Specialists DO (Environment) in PTC (Urban Unit) in CPU (CDGs) Capacity building at PTC and Environmental and social screening of all Review of environmental and City level for effective ESMF schemes under the Project; social screening. implementation. Environmental and social government- financed schemes per framework defined in Section 6.6. Documentation for screening. Liaison and coordination with Preparing ESMPs for each Project scheme Provide technical and CDGs and Safeguards with E2 category; regulatory support and Specialists for ESMF Preparing ESMPs for each government- guidance; implementation. financed scheme with E2 category per Review and clearance of framework defined in Section 6.6. ESMPs. Monitoring implementation of Conducting EIAs of each Project scheme Coordinate with Punjab EPA framework defined in with E1 category (through outsourcing); for EIA clearance. Section 6.6. Conducting EIAs of each government- financed scheme with E1 category per framework defined in Section 6.6 (through outsourcing). Reviewing ESMF QPRs Ensuring that ESMP/EIA is included in the prepared by Safeguards respective scheme’s scope of work, Specialists bidding documents and contracts; and ESMP/EIA implementation cost is
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 126 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Safeguards Coordinator Safeguards Specialists DO (Environment) in PTC (Urban Unit) in CPU (CDGs) included in respective scheme cost. Preparing ESMF six-monthly Conducing monitoring to ensure effective Provide technical and reports on the basis of ESMF implementation of ESMP/EIA during regulatory support and quarterly progress reports and scheme implementation. guidance. other reports. Conducting (through Preparing monitoring reports; ESMF Review of monitoring reports. outsourcing) annual third party quarterly reports. validation for all the schemes undertaken in the large cities. Liaison with outside Coordinate with Safeguards Coordinator agencies/entities including WB. for ESMF trainings at the City level. Any other activity assigned by Any other activity assigned by Safeguards PTC. Coordinator or CDG.
6.8. ENTITLEMENTS FRAMEWORK
6.8.1. SOCIAL ENTITLEMENT FRAMEWORK
In contrast to the environmental legislation, which exists in Pakistan, no similar framework or legislation exists for general social impacts of infrastructure development schemes, Resettlement and Rehabilitation (R&R) in particular.
6.8.2. SOCIAL IMPACT AND ENTITLEMENT FRAMEWORK
The GoPunjab does not have any established policy or law to compensate temporary losses or AP without legal titles. This chapter provides entitlement framework to compensate temporary disturbance and loses.
While executing the scheme included as ELIs, CDGs and city entities may incite temporary disturbance to residents and small vendors. This temporary disturbance is likely to produce economic loss and social and psychological disruption for the affected individuals and their families. It may include the loss of business income, on a temporary basis. An analysis of these losses must be included in the mitigation plan to mitigate these losses. The due process and procedures of GoPunjab shall be followed unless there is a conflict between the agreed procedures of the World Bank and the GoPunjab. However, for social impacts and entitlements in case of conflict among the procedures followed by both, the following framework will be adopted.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 127 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Scheme related affected households / individuals’ entitlements to compensation and to benefits:
(i) Loss of Roadside / Street side Community Business and Social Activities: Conflicts and safety issues may arise when road improvement plans call for relocation of roadway and reducing encroachments and access. The assessment of impacts needs to recognize that these schemes may play an important part in the social and economic life of the community. Economic impacts could include loss of businesses and customers, induced need for capital investments and high opportunity cost losses. Such potentially negative impacts must be identified in the Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP), and mitigation measures proposed.
(ii) Impacts due to Community Bypasses: Rehabilitation of water supply and drainage works or road realignments to bypass problem areas have positive benefit of reducing the immediate impacts of the traffic on the community and local commercial activities which flourish as a result of road realignment. The negative impact could be that some members of the communities may suffer a loss of business from the diversion of traffic. Migration to the new route may occur, potentially changing land use patterns. Such potentially negative impacts must be identified in the Resettlement and Rehabilitation Action Plan and mitigation measures proposed.
(iii) Impacts on Current Modes of Transport: Measures which impede road crossings, control bus stops, restrict parking of informal public transport vehicles may reduce the attractiveness of current transport modes. Increases in travel distances for short trips, especially those by non- motorized transport, should be incorporated in SAR, where warranted.
Temporary Losses
Any AP whose land, structures or other fixed assets, trees or income earning capacity and production levels are adversely affected during the temporary possession of land will be entitled to following compensations for:
(i) The temporary inconvenience caused by the scheme;
(ii) Affected structures or other fixed assets in cash, on the basis of replacement cost of material and labor without deduction for depreciation or salvageable materials for the damages during the period of temporary possession;
(iii) Severely affected structures those made to shift temporarily from their present location. Entitlement will be in terms of rent allowance to cover the cost of alternate accommodation for the period of temporary displacement; and
(iv) Loss of trees at market value that cannot be planted or re-planted for the duration of temporary possession.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 128 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Extreme care will have to be taken by the contractor to avoid damaging properties, in case damages do occur. APs will be compensated immediately and damaged assets will be restored to its former condition. If the disruption continues for more than one year, APs will have an option to either continue the temporary use arrangements or due compensation. The social entitlement framework for temporary losses is outlined in Table 6-6.
TABLE 6-6: SOCIAL ENTITLEMENT FRAMEWORKS FOR SCHEMES FOR TEMPORARY LOSSES
No. APPLICATION DEFINITION OF ENTITLEMENT POLICY ENTITLED PERSON
1. Affected structures APs In cash, on the basis of replacement cost of or other fixed material and labor without deduction for assets depreciation or salvageable materials for the damages during the period of temporary possession.
2. Severely affected APs made to shift Entitlement will be in terms of rent allowance structures temporarily from to cover the cost of alternate accommodation their present location for the period of temporary displacement.
3. Loss of crops and APs Compensation at market value and for loss of trees net income from subsequent crops that cannot be planted for the duration of temporary possession.
4. Temporary APs No compensation for land if returned to the acquisition original user, but a monthly rent as per market value will be paid to APs. APs will be compensated immediately and damaged assets will be restored to its former condition.
5. Long term APs If the disruption continues for more than one disruption year, APs will have an option to continue the temporary use arrangements, or due compensation.
6.9. ACCOUNTABILITY
6.9.1. PCGIP AND ACCOUNTABILITY
Transparency, accesses to information and grievance redress system are the key components of accountability, which are all prerequisites for an efficient and effective functioning of an organization.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 129 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Municipal service provider at city level needs to be held accountable to government, city management and citizens. Currently mechanisms for accountability to citizens and public disclosure of information is poorly designed and managed by the CDGs and city entities. Therefore it is expedient to improve existing accountability mechanism to ensure that:
Citizens have improved access to public records; Citizens complaints regarding municipal service delivery and other matters thereto are redressed in due time; and City district governments and city entities are more accountable to its citizens and higher level of government.
To improve the accountability mechanism within CDGs and city entities, three major areas are highlighted for implementation and improvement:
Grievance / Complaints Redress Mechanism Citizens Feedback Mechanism. Public Disclosure of Information
6.9.2. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
The Chapter XIX and section 188, 189, 190 and 191of the PLGO (2001) describe the provision of compliant cell. The aggrieved person has a right to appeal to Government to redress their complaint and if remained unsatisfied they can go to the court of law. Due to these legal provision CDGs and city entities have established complaint cells but most of them are operating with low level of efficiency due to inadequate capacity and system deficiencies. Almost all the CDGs and city entities are keen to augment staff capacity and introduce computerized management and timely addressing the complaints. Therefore under the PCGIP, GoPunjab has issued instruction to CDGs and city entities to introduce complaint boxes and online compliant redress system for a timely complaint and grievance redress. Technical assistance and funding will also be made available to CDGs and city entities for enhancement of the system, as and when required.
Moreover, it was realized that there is a sketchy mechanism prevailing in the public sector for grievance redress regarding scheme-affected persons’ displacement and disturbance. Despite the availability of complaint cell and right of appeal, there is no GoPunjab policy, which is in line with the World Bank’s requirements on social safeguards such as OP 4.12 on “Involuntary Settlement”. Mechanism to compensate affected person is prepared for each individual scheme, if desired by the government. In most of the cases no compensation is given to affected persons such as roadside vendors, illegal occupants, employers at shops and encroachers etc. All such categories of affected persons are liable to compensation under Bank’s OP 4.12 on “Involuntary Settlement”. Therefore a comprehensive grievance redress process is provided in this ESMF for individuals affected by the scheme.
(i) Grievance Redress Committee (GRC)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 130 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Despite best efforts to take fair mitigation measures for social impacts there may always be a few unsatisfied APs. The CDGs and implementing entities will make efforts to firstly resolve through negotiations. The negotiations will preferably be arranged at site among the stakeholders APs and concerned officers for the resolution of the grievance in minimum possible time.
In case dispute is not resolved at local level, the matter through submission of a formal reference from the GoPunjab and other implementing entities will be placed before a Grievance Resolution Committee (GRC).
Initially any aggrieved AP will be directed to approach GRC. In each case, a GRC shall be constituted consisting of a panel of four Members, one of whom shall be its Convener, to be appointed from the staff of GoPunjab, other two members will be selected by the implementing CDG or city entity and AP from amongst the residents of the areas where scheme is undertaken who are publicly known to be persons of integrity, good judgment and command respect. If the grievance of the AP is not addressed by GRC, he would as a last recourse can appeal in the court of law.
Any casual vacancy for members shall be filled in by the GoPunjab’s representative, in consultation with representatives of AP, as soon as possible.
Where in the opinion of the GoPunjab and representatives of AP, a member is accused of consistent partiality and malpractices in performance of his functions, the GoPunjab in consultation with representatives of AP may, subject to notice to show cause, remove such member and select another member in his place.
The Convener of the committee shall:
Convene meetings of the committee as necessary at such place he/she considers appropriate; and Conduct the proceedings in an informal manner as he/she considers appropriate with the object to bring an amicable settlement between the parties; The report of the members shall be recorded in writing and attested copies thereof shall be provided to the parties. All expenses incurred in arranging grievance negotiations and meetings of GRC as well as logistics required, shall be arranged by implementing entity. No legal practitioner shall be permitted to take part in the proceedings on behalf of any party. The report of the members shall be recorded in writing and attested copies thereof shall be provided to the parties. In case of continuing differences and notwithstanding the provisions of Land Acquisition Act, the GRC can take a decision regarding compensation. The decision taken during negotiations and GRC meetings shall be formally recorded for future reference and presentation in the court, if necessary. The aggrieved AP, if not satisfied with the decision of Grievance Resolution Committee, has the right to refer his / her petition to court of law.
(ii) Public Participation
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 131 Environmental and Social Management Framework
In all schemes involving temporary disturbance of livelihood or day-to-day life, and prior to the preparation of social mitigation plan will be undertaken. The APs will be informed of the scheme objectives and likely impacts through the following schemes:
Information campaigns using media, posters or information leaflets; Holding public meetings; Arranging interviews with the APs & their stakeholders groups; Formation of focus groups involving key stakeholders, like local leaders, women, the poor, etc; Setting up various committees for planning, implementation and monitoring purposes; Involvement of the APs in grievance redress process, and; Introduction of a social preparation phase.
In order to discuss and seek opinion / suggestion from the APs or their representatives, they shall be formally invited to participate in various meetings regarding complaint redress.
(iii) Public Disclosure
The implementing entity will publicly inform the APs about the details of temporary disturbance, if any as included and to be implemented as a component of scheme. Such information shall be made public and to be formally provided to each household in affected area, for checking and inviting their opinion / concurrence, and will include the following:
Likely impacts (positive and negative); Entitlements and eligibility criteria; Mode of compensation payments; Options for compensation assistance available; Activity implementation schedule; Complaint and grievance redress mechanisms, and; Name / contact address of concerned offices / officers;
The Consultants will assist the implementing entity in determining various steps and stages in information sharing and community consultation, in order to avail the benefits arising out of scheme as well as to solicit public reactions and suggestions leading to a more acceptable mitigation measures, endorsed both by the affected community in particular and the public in general. Public participation may range from informal meetings with the affected communities to issuing the press releases / leaflets, inviting from the public their comment on the scheme and various options proposed for mitigation planning and subsequent operations.
6.9.3. CITIZEN FEEDBACK MECHANISM
In order to gather citizen feedback on performance and level of municipal services provided by CDGs and city entities, there is a consensus on adoption of citizen feedback mechanism as a useful management
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 132 Environmental and Social Management Framework tool. The GoPunjab has issued instructions to CDGs and City entities to operationalize citizen feedback mechanism to bring improvement in the level of services by:
Instituting periodic consumer surveys using tools like citizen report cards and citizen score cards; Establishing call centers for feedback; Establishing website for online citizen feedback, and Introducing complaint boxes at head office.
Citizen feedback is an effective means for evaluating the quality of municipal service delivery. The rationale behind this approach is that collective or organized feedback can be used to demand accountability from providers of public services, especially when there are no alternate providers due to regulation and natural monopolies in the delivery of these services.
Citizen feedback can be obtained by instituting citizen feedback survey by using citizen report cards and community score cards instrument, establishing call centers, developing websites and introducing complaint boxes at head office etc. Citizens’ “report card’’ or ‘‘score card’’ used for rating citizen satisfaction with various aspects of municipal service provision:
Citizen report card is participatory method that provides quantitative feedback on user perceptions on the quality, adequacy and efficiency of public services. They go beyond just being a data collection exercise to being an instrument to exact public accountability through the extensive media coverage and civil society advocacy that accompanies the process.
Citizen Score Cards are qualitative monitoring tools that are used for local level monitoring and performance evaluation of municipal services, schemes and even government administrative units by the citizens themselves. The scorecard process is a hybrid of the techniques of social audit, community monitoring and citizen report cards. Like the citizen report card, the scorecard process is an instrument to exact social and public accountability, responsiveness from service providers and citizen’s empowerment.
6.9.4. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION
Citizen pays fee and taxes for different services provided by the City District Governments and city entities such as fee for water supply and sanitation, solid waste management, urban immovable property tax for improvement of services by city government. Recognizing the share of citizens in infrastructure development and provision of services, citizens’ freedom of access to information / public records is legalized in many countries around the world.
Different ways of acquiring requisite public records or disclosure of public information are available under various legislations. Citizens can apply, on payment, for obtaining photocopy of public record available. Applicant can file complaints with head of an organization, if requisite information is not provided. Website can be developed on which requisite public information can be disseminated such as
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 133 Environmental and Social Management Framework budgets, award of contracts and consultancies, details of infrastructure schemes. Designated cell can be established at head office for access to information and public records.
In Punjab a legal provision to support public disclosure and access to public information is the Section 137 of the PLGO 2001, which is stated as:
137. Transparency – (1) Every citizen shall have the right to information about any office of the District Government, Tehsil Municipal Administration and Union Administration.
(2) Every office shall provide requisite information, if not restricted under any law for the time being in force, on the prescribed forms and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed.
(3) Information about the staffing and the performance of the office of a local government during the preceding month shall, as far as possible, be displayed at a prominent place within the premises of the office for access by the citizens.
Using the above legal provisions, the Government of the Punjab has issued instruction to all CDGs and service delivery entities to:
Establish designated cell at head office for access to information and public records. Provide requisite information to public, if not restricted under the law for the time being in force, on prescribed forms and on payment of such fee as may be levied from time to time. Develop live websites for availability of all public documents, access to departmental information and periodic disclosure of non-classified documents.
6.10. ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION
The estimated cost of ESMF implementation is presented in Table 6-7 below.
TABLE 6-7: ESMF IMPLEMENTATION COST
Amount Description (Million Notes
PKR) 1. Safeguards Coordinator and 35 PKR 200,000 per month for Safeguards Coordinator; Safeguards Specialists PKR 100,000 for each Safeguards Specialists; for four years. 2. Capacity building - 1.5 Program 1
3. Capacity building - 2.0 Program 2 4. Capacity building - 1.5 Program 3
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 134 Environmental and Social Management Framework
5. Capacity building - 2.0 Program 4 6. ESMP?EIA Implementation cost 0 To be included in the scheme cost
7. Cost of engaging consultants 0 Resources to be mobilized by CDGs
8. Third party validation 10.00 Basis: 2.5 m per year. Cost can be reduced if logistic support is provided to consultants. Grand Total 52
***************************
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 135 Environmental and Social Management Framework
ANNEX – 1
POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN MUNICIPAL SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES
Scheme for the purpose of this document means infrastructure development schemes, repair and maintenance schemes, operation and maintenance works, and restoration and rehabilitation schemes undertaken by CDG and city entities to improve service delivery. The below listed schemes aim to improve the standard of living within an urban locale and hence have associated positive impacts. However, possible negative impacts are as shown below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SCHEMES Surface and Water Air Noise Solid Destruction Disturbance Urban Urban Public Health Smell & Fire Land Ground Water Logging Quality Waste of Habitat / to Other Congestion Aesthetics & Safety Smoke Hazards acquisition & Quality Vegetation Services Rehabilitation
I. Water Supply & Sewage
A. Water Supply
1.Repair of water supply lines & taps
2. Water tankers
3. Overhead tanks
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 136 Environmental and Social Management Framework
4.Water treatment plants
B. Rainwater Drainage
1. Construction of closed/Open drains
2. Repair of Closed/Undergrou nd drains
C. Sewerage/ Sanitation
1.Public conveniences
2.Pay & use latrines
3.Sewage treatment plants
II. Solid Waste Management
1.Door to door waste collection
2. Segregation and recycling of Waste
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 137 Environmental and Social Management Framework
3. Construction of waste storage points
4. Vehicles
5.Treatment & Disposal Sites
III. Transportation
A. Roads
1.Rehabilitation & Improvement of Surface of Roads
2. Rehabilitation & Improvement of Surface of Internal Roads
3. Rehabilitation of Traffic Islands
4. Rehabilitation & Improvement of Road Divider
5. Construction & Improvement of Footpaths
B. Street Furniture
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 138 Environmental and Social Management Framework
1. Traffic signals
2. Street lights
3. Sign Boards
C. Road Structures
1. Underpasses
- Pedestrian
- Cycle
- Fast moving lanes
2. ROBs*
3. Culverts
4. Small Bridges /Pedestrian Bridges
IV. Community Amenities
1.Rehabilitation of Community Facilities
2.Improvement and Rehabilitation
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 139 Environmental and Social Management Framework of Internal Parks
3.Improvement and Rehabilitation of Internal Playgrounds
4. Landscaping
5.Community facilities
V. General
1.Computer facilities
2. Weighbridges
ROBs* = Road Over Bridges
Note: Major Negative Impact = Minor Negative Impact =
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 140 Environmental and Social Management Framework ANNEX – 2
TEMPLATE FOR ESMP OF A WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
Scheme Description (please include complete details of the scheme including activities involved, quantities/lengths, and others)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 141 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Area Description (baseline description): (Describe the area where the scheme will be implemented. Describe land use, land form, surroundings. Describe any environmental and/or social sensitivity. Include photographs of the area).
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 142 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Mitigation Table
Scheme Potential Negative Mitigation Measures Responsible Entity Monitoring Agency for Mitigation Impact / Concern
A. Development and Design Phase
Water abstraction River water user and riparian Obtain clearance for construction of water WASA Implementing entity due to conflicts. works from Department of Environment and consultants rehabilitation / and Forests, GoPunjab as required; repair / construction of Obtain permission from IRSA for inter- Water Works*** province rivers;
Regulate the extraction of water to reduce the effect on downstream users.
Scheme Failure of the water works, and Scheme design of the structure taking into Design Consultant / Implementing entity Development and flooding of nearby areas. consideration terrain and soil and consultants in Design ** characteristics, hydrology and geology. WASA coordination with concerned Dept.
B. Repair / Rehabilitation / Construction Phase
Excavation, cutting Flooding and water contamination Immediately transport the accumulated Contractor/ Scheme Management and filling due to improper disposal of construction waste to a site identified by Implementing Consultant / CDG operations *** construction and demolition waste. the implementing CDG/WASA. WASA
Damage to standing crops due to Construction schemes shall be planned so Contractor / CDG / Consultants construction schemes. as not to damage any crops. In case it is inevitable ,provide monetary compensation Implementing to the owners; WASA
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 143 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Immediately transport the accumulated construction waste to a site identified by the implementing CDGs / WASA
Induced erosion and flooding of Creation of soil barriers or mounds and Contractor and CDG / Consultants nearby areas adequate temporary drainage arrangements Implementing should be provided. WASA
Noise, vibration and dust from Use of less noise generating equipment for Contractor and CDG / Consultants rehabilitation/repair construction all schemes; provision for personal Implementing schemes. protective equipment, ear muffs, etc. during WASA construction; and avoiding construction activities during nights.
Sprinkling of water and removal of excess matter/construction debris from the site as soon as possible.
Safety hazards to laborers and Adequate safety precautions such helmets, Contractor and CDG / Consultants nearby resident population. safety shoes, gloves, etc. should be Implementing provided to the labor and provide WASA appropriate signage near the construction activities to sensitize the community and minimize accidents
Laying of water Spillage of fuel and oil Store tanks and drums for excess capacity; Contractor and CDG / Consultants distribution forbid pouring into soils or drains; enforce Implementing network* adequate equipment maintenance WASA procedures
Noise and vibration disturbances to Establish schedule and other specific Contractor and CDG / Consultants residents and businesses restrictions; limit work to daylight hours as Implementing possible; use of less noise generating WASA
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 144 Environmental and Social Management Framework
equipment, proper maintenance
Dust generation Water sprinkling, removal of excess Contractor and CDG / Consultants materials, cleaning of sites upon Implementing completion of schemes. WASA
Reduced pedestrian and vehicle Establish work sequence and methods to Contractor and CDG / Consultants access to residences and businesses minimize access disruption; provide Implementing alternative safe access as possible; WASA temporary crossings, detours and walkways.
Temporary water supply Establish coordination procedures for cut- Contractor and CDG / Consultants interruptions off; minimize time for replacement Implementing operations; and appropriate scheduling as WASA necessary.
Increased traffic inconvenience Use alternate traffic routing; ensure Contractor and CDG / Consultants (emissions, congestions, longer coordination with local authorities; routine Implementing and traffic police travel times) control and maintenance of equipment. WASA
Labor Health impacts due to absence of The Private Contractor should ensure Contractor and CDG / Consultants housing and sanitation facilities in provision of appropriate housing, water Implementing camps* labor camps. supply, and sanitation facilities to WASA construction labor.
Health impacts to nearby resident The Private Contractor should ensure Contractor and CDG / Consultants population due to labor camps. provision of appropriate housing, water Implementing supply, and sanitation facilities to WASA construction labor. The PC should also provide for adequate access to medical facilities.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 145 Environmental and Social Management Framework
C. Operation Phase
Seepage / spill of Flooding of the downstream areas; Ensure proper technical design to minimize Contractor and Implementing water*** soil erosion; water logging of low- the seepage and chances of possible failure Implementing WASA/ CDG / lying areas etc. of the structure. WASA Consultants
Increase moisture content in soil, Ensure proper site selection. Ensure proper Design Consultant, CDG / Consultants which affects the structures / design, construction and operation of the Contractor and foundation of buildings in nearby structure and system to minimize seepage Implementing areas. and appropriate implementation techniques. WASA
In case of failure of nearby building structures/foundations, monetary compensation shall be provided
Increased levels of Generation of additional quantity of Provide sewerage system with sufficient Contractor and CDG / Consultants water supply*** wastewater leading to contamination treatment capacity to suffice to increased Implementing of surface/sub surface sources, if not water supply levels WASA adequately treated. Plan and cost for adequate centralized/decentralized sewage disposal and treatment, and sanitation facilities.
ESMP Implementation Arrangements:
Monitoring Requirements:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 146 Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP Implementation Cost:
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 147 Environmental and Social Management Framework ANNEX – 3
A. CHECKLIST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF E-2 CATEGORY SCHEMES
Below a template of checklist for the environmental management, to be attached with E-2 schemes, is presented:
Environmental Assessment If Yes, Specify Environmental Yes No Details Management Measures
1. Will the scheme involve any of the following changes in land use classification? i. Conversion of recognized environmentally / historically / culturally sensitive land to any other use. ii. Conversion of open / recreational areas to commercial / industrial residential use. iii. Conversion of residential / industrial areas to industrial / commercial use. iv. Restoration of cultural heritage v. Any other. (please specify)
2. Will the scheme create risk of Due to: contamination of ground/surface or drinking water? i) Effluents or leachate ii) Due to leakages iii) Any other? (please specify)
3. Will the scheme increase or decrease the following? i) Depth of GW table. ii) Flow / quantity in water bodies.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 148 Environmental and Social Management Framework
4. Will the scheme have any possibility of water spillage or water stagnation?
5. Will the scheme cause any air pollution?
6. Will the scheme cause noise pollution?
7. Will the scheme generate solid waste?
8. Will the scheme result in cutting of trees?
9. Will the scheme damage or disturb other service lines? i) Water supply lines ii) Electric cables iii) Roads iv) Telephone cables v) Any other (please specify)
10. Will the scheme cause any health hazard?
11. Will the scheme create smell and / or smoke?
12. Will the scheme cause any effect on flora and fauna?
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 149 Environmental and Social Management Framework
B. CHECKLIST FOR WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES
Description Status Notes What is the proposed source of water supply?
i. pipe water/surface water pacification Yes
No
ii. underground (tube-wells) Yes
No
iii. reservoir Yes
No
When will be the disposal of household waste water? Yes i. sewerage system No
Yes ii. open drains No
Yes iii disposed in street No
Are the sewerage / drainage facilities Yes available in the scheme area? No If not how the impact of stagnant wastewater will be mitigated?
When will drainage and / or sewerage improvements be made to this area?
i. Next year Yes
No ii. Within five years Yes
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 150 Environmental and Social Management Framework
iii. No plan No
Yes
No
Is the laboratory analysis of the water Yes source attached? No
Is there any impact of scheme on the Yes groundwater? No
Are there any other wells in the vicinity of Yes the scheme which draw water from this source? No
If yes, how much quantity and what is their combined annual withdrawal?
Is there any possibility of subsidence due to Yes water withdrawal? No
Have proper safeguards been included in the scheme to deliver uncontaminated water to the users and how?
i. By gas-chlorination Yes
No
ii. By hypo-chlorination Yes
No
iii. By filtration Yes
No
Is the scheme operationally sustainable? Yes
No
Continuous monitoring for checking the drinking water quality Yes
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 151 Environmental and Social Management Framework
i. Twice a year No
Yes
ii. Thrice a year No
Yes
iii. More No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 152 Environmental and Social Management Framework
C. CHECKLIST FOR DRAINAGE SCHEMES
Description Status Notes What is the mode of drainage in the area? Yes i. Open drain System No
Yes ii. Closed Drain System No
Yes iii. Septic Tanks No
Are the sewerage / drainage facilities Yes available in the scheme area? No If not how the impact of stagnant wastewater will be mitigated?
Does the drainage network need
i. i. Replacement of out-lived Yes infrastructure No
ii. ii. Repair of existing drains Yes
No
Is there any pumping station Yes available? No
When will drainage and/or sewerage improvements be made to this area?
i. Next year Yes
No ii. Within five years Yes
No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 153 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes iii. No plan Yes
No
Is the laboratory analysis of the water Yes source attached? No
Is there any impact of scheme on the Yes groundwater? No
Is the scheme operationally Yes sustainable? No
Ongoing monitoring for checking of quality of drinking water Yes iv. Twice a year No
Yes v. Thrice a year No
Yes vi. or more No
Note:Remarks should be in “Yes” or “No”
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 154 Environmental and Social Management Framework
D. CHECKLIST FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SCHEMES
Description Status Notes What is the mode of waste collection in the area? Yes i. Door to Door Collection No
Yes ii. Collection from secondary Collection points No
Is there enough number of communal Yes bins available in the area? No
Does the Communal bins need
Yes
i. Replacement of outlived No infrastructure
ii. Repair of existing Yes Containers No
Is there any transfer station present in Yes the area? No
When will drainage and/or sewerage improvements be made in the area? Yes i. Next year No
ii. Within five years Yes
No iii. No plan Yes
No
Is the laboratory analysis of the waste Yes
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 155 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes samples done? No
Is there any known impact of Yes dumping on the groundwater? No
Does the collection vehicle need
i. Replacement of out-lived Yes infrastructure No
ii. Repair of existing vehicles Yes
No
Ongoing monitoring for checking of collection vehicles
vii. Twice a year Yes
No viii. Thrice a year Yes
No ix. More Yes
No
Note: Remarks should be in “Yes” or “No”
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 156 Environmental and Social Management Framework
E. CHECKLIST FOR ROAD MAINTENANCE SCHEMES
Description Status Notes 1. Operating Conditions
This assessment should include:
i. A summary of legal posted speeds on Yes
the scheme. No
ii. Drainage and Maintenance section’s
verbal or written concerns of past, Yes
present and/or anticipated future No problems.
iii. Conditions attributable to current Yes control of access. No
2. Safety
A review of historical crash and travel statistics shall be performed by a qualified safety specialist. This assessment, with written recommendations, should include:
Identification of significant crash locations, Yes with possible causes & suggested corrective No measures.
3. Review of correspondence files for
letters of public concern. Yes
No
4. Geometric and Physical Conditions
i. Verify office review findings.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 157 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes ii. Check roadway features such as:
Alignment Yes
No
Cross slope Yes
No
Super elevation Yes
No
Lane width Yes
No
Existing traffic control Yes markings and signs No
Side slopes Yes
No
Clear zones Yes
No Shoulder type and width Yes
No
Intersection elements Yes
No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 158 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes
Yes Sight distances No
Yes Drainage (including erosion problems) No
Yes Pavement condition No
Yes Highway appurtenances No
Yes Transit stops No
Yes Other features No
5. Operating Conditions.
i. Verification of posted regulatory Yes speeds. No
ii. Verification of posted advisory speeds. Yes
No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 159 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes iii. Verification of reported problems. Yes
No
iv. Observation of operating conditions. Yes
No
v. Evaluation of access features. Yes
No
6. Safety Conditions
i. Observation of known crash locations. Yes
No
ii. Indications of unsafe operations, such
as run-off-the-road indications or Yes
previous repairs. No
7. Scheme Scope
a. Remove, relocate or make Yes collapsible roadside obstacles. No
b. Remove unwarranted guardrails. Yes
No
c. Upgrade or replace non-standard guardrails. Yes
No
d. Replace or retrofit obsolete bridge rails. Yes
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 160 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes No
e. Improve side slopes; slope flattening/stabilizing. Yes
No f. Correct shoulder drop-off.
Yes
No g. Pave shoulders.
Yes
No h. Improve pavement cross slope. Yes
No
Yes i. Provide side drain safety modifications. No
j. Increase sight distance at Yes intersections. No
k. Improve pavement markings.
Yes
No
l. Improve pavement drainage. Yes
No
m. Provide or upgrade sidewalks, Yes transit stops and bikeways.
No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 161 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes n. Upgrade railroad crossings. Yes
No
o. Provide or upgrade signalization. Yes
No
p. Provide or upgrade lighting. Yes
No
q. Upgrade signing and other traffic Yes control devices. No
r. Provide or upgrade curb cuts, ramps Yes and other disability access features. No
s. Reconstruct or close driveways to comply with Access Management standards.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 162 Environmental and Social Management Framework
F. CHECKLIST FOR GREEN AREAS AND PLAYGROUNDS RESTORATION DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES
Description Status Notes
Is the green area such as circular garden, internal parks Yes and playgrounds, is marked for restoration or renovation according to the design documents? No
Has the proposed site been selected in consultation with Yes the consultants’ environmental team? No
Have the photographs been taken to record the pre- Yes camping conditions? No
Are there any settlements within 500 meters or within Yes the proposed area marked for restoration? No
Have the access roads been established in the existing Yes clearings / designated area? No
Has any plantation/ vegetation been cleared? Yes
No
If yes, is the plantation/vegetation loss significant? Yes
No
If yes, have mitigation measures been discussed and Yes agreed? No
Have any trees been fallen? Yes
No
Have the trees or bushes been burnt? Yes
No
Has the available drainage system or natural drainage Yes been disturbed or blocked? No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 163 Environmental and Social Management Framework
Description Status Notes
Has the area marked for restoration been fenced to avoid Yes animal access and ensure human safety? No
Is there any proper mechanism to control dust pollution? Yes
No
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 164 Environmental and Social Management Framework
G. CHECKLIST FOR ROADS, ROAD DIVIDERS AND FOOTPATHS SCHEMES
Description Status Notes
Have the roads, dividers and footpaths selected in consultation Yes with the consultants’ environmental team? No
Have the photographs been taken to record the pre-construction Yes conditions? No
Are there any settlements within 500 meters of the circular Yes garden road construction? No
Have the alternative routes been established in the existing Yes clearings of designated site? No
Was the traffic congestion avoided in establishment of alternative Yes routes? No
Have any trees been fallen? Yes
No
Has the compacted gravel topping provided at alternative routes Yes and other access routes? No
Has the excavated earth / silt disposed of properly? Yes
No
Does the alternate route have sufficient width? Yes
No
Does the diversion signs and required signboards placed on the access roads?
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 165 Environmental and Social Management Framework
ANNEX – 4
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM
(AS PART OF PC-I or PC-II)
Name of the Scheme:
Environmental Category E
Social Category: S Title of Land:
1. Total land / property required for the proposed scheme (In kanals):
2. Total land / property already in possession (in kanals):
3. Process of land / property selection and acquisition:
4. Total land / property needed to be acquired (in kanals):
(a) Ownership of the proposed land / property to be acquired:
(b) Current use of proposed land / property to be acquired:
(c) No. of persons / households to be affected:
Other associated impacts:
(a) Are there any illegal occupants / squatters on the land/property?
(b) Is there any valid structure on the land / property?
(c) Will any person lose employment / livelihood?
(d) Are there any trees / plants on the land / property? Note: For E1 and S1 schemes, as the detailed census data and costs may not yet be known at the initial stage, final approval will be decided only after assessment report is approved. After approval of the funds but prior to disbursement, the implementing body has to submit an acceptable EA Report for the proposed sub-scheme for clearance by the World Bank and GoPunjab.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 166 Environmental and Social Management Framework
FLOW CHART OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
Receive Environmental and Social Screening Form from the Implementing Body
Based on the information provided in the form, categorize the scheme both from the environmental and social aspect. This categorization will be part of Initial Screening in FAR
ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORY SOCIAL CATEGORY
E-1 = Scheme having adverse environmental impacts S-1 > 40 households* involved E-2 = Scheme having moderate environment impacts S-2 1 – 40 households involved E-3 = Environment friendly Schemes S-3 No household affected
Submit all the concerned environment and social details in Scheme Proposal For E-1 & S-1 Schemes, EA Report is required but the implementing entity may at this stage submit Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for E-1
E-1 = Submit Environmental Assessment Report S-1 = Submit Social Assessment Report E-2 = Submit ESMP S-2 = Submit Social Management Plan E-3 = No submission S-3 = No submission
Environmental and Social Appraisal report based on the detailed information provided in Scheme proposal will make a part of final appraisal report
Environmental and Social commitments are made an integral part of PC-I or PC-II**
Ensure conformity to environmental and social components of Scheme Proposal during construction, operation and maintenance
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 167 Environmental and Social Management Framework
ANNEX – 5
A. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL AUDIT
BACKGROUND The PCGIP has been initiated to finance various municipal services infrastructure improvement schemes in five large cities of Punjab. The eligible entities include CDGs, WASAs, DAs, TEPA, PHAs, SWM deptt. / LWMC.
GoPunjab believes that each of schemes it funds will improve living standards and the environment of urban population in and around the scheme area. GoPunjab is committed to promoting environmentally sound, socially acceptable and commercially viable municipal services infrastructure improvement schemes. GoPunjab has reflected its environmental and social commitments through comprehensive operational procedures elaborated in its Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). All schemes financed by GoPunjab should be in consonance with its ESMF.
To facilitate the process laid down within the ESMF for PCGIP, GoPunjab intends to select consultants to perform audit of the schemes sanctioned by P&D Department of GoPunjab.
OBJECTIVES The following objectives define the TORs of the environmental and social audit:
i. To audit the conformity of environmental and social categorization of schemes approved by the competent authorities during the Financial Year, with respect to the categorization prescribed in the ESR of GoPunjab. ii. To audit the compliance of the environmental and social aspects of approved schemes, which are under implementation.
OUTLINE OF THE ASSIGNMENT The selected consultant will essentially provide services to GoPunjab as required, for the following tasks:
(i) To audit the environmental and social categorization of approved schemes: The consultants will audit the approved schemes for the conformity of environmental and social categorization of schemes approved by the GoPunjab with respect to the ESMF. (ii) Auditing the compliance of the approved schemes: The consultant will audit the compliance of environmental and social aspects during construction, operation and maintenance of the schemes approved by P&D Department, across all the categories and schemes locations. The selection of schemes shall be clearly laid down in the consultant’s proposal and shall be approved by competent authority before the commencement of the audit. The audit will be carried out in the presence of the representatives of GoPunjab, CDGs and city entities.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 168 Environmental and Social Management Framework
(iii) Adequacy of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP): The consultant will also audit the adequacy of the ESMP and recommend practicable measures to improve the management measures within the scheme and for the agency responsible of carrying out the measures, wherever found inadequate. The consultant will also document the best practices and possible environmental and social improvement measures with respect to the audited schemes. (iv) Reporting: To review the status report, submitted by the Management Consultant (MC) on the implementation of ESMP and the process adopted by design consultants in identification and mitigation measures, while preparing the scheme proposal. To report on the adequacy and timely submission of the quarterly progress reports including the process involved in addressing the risk management. (v) Audit Report: The findings of the review and audit should be summarized in a matrix and will include compliance, non-compliance, best practices and enhancement measures along with the name of the agency responsible for each of the above. In case of non-compliances, the consultants need to undertake a follow up visit after giving sufficient time (depending on the type of corrective measures) for the entity / agency responsible to take corrective actions.
SCHEDULE FOR COMPLETION OF TASKS The entire set of tasks shall be completed in a time frame of about six weeks. The conformity of a pproved schemes related to the financial year, with ESMF guidelines shall be completed in 2 weeks time. The compliance as per agreed standards during construction, operation and maintenance of the schemes approved shall be completed in four weeks time. This audit will cover all the schemes above Rs.150 m value and 25% of the other schemes, which are approved till .
DATA, SERVICES AND FACILITIES Copy of the Environmental Social Information Package and Management Information System (MIS) report for CDGs and city entities, indicating details of the schemes sanctioned will be given by client.
FINAL OUTPUTS (REPORTS, DRAWINGS ETC.) OF CONSULTANCY Following final reports are expected to be submitted by the E&S consultant:
. Environmental and social audit reports indicating conformity of schemes approved by competent authority, relating to the financial year_____, with ESMF guidelines.
. Environmental and social audit report indicating the conformity to agreed standards during construction, operation and maintenance of the approved schemes. This will cover all the schemes above Rs.150 m value and 25% of the other schemes, which are sanctioned till___.
PROCEDURE FOR REVIEW OF PROGRESS REPORTS, FINAL DRAFT AND FINAL REPORTS The review committee will be responsible to review the progress of work. The decision / suggestion of the committee will be communicated in the form of minutes, for further actions.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 169 Environmental and Social Management Framework
LIST OF KEY POSITIONS FOR EVALUATION Following personnel among the consultants’ team will be evaluated in terms of their qualification and experience:
Sr. No Key Professional No. of persons Experience
1. o. Project Coordinator 1 Post Graduate in Environmental Engineering / Planning
2. Project Coordinator 1 Post Graduate in Sociology / Social work
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 170 Environmental and Social Management Framework
B. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSULTANTS
BACKGROUND The GoPunjab finances various municipal services infrastructure improvement schemes in five large cities of Punjab. These schemes mainly include but are not limit to urban planning/services, rehabilitation, repair and maintenance of water supply, roads, street lights, solid waste facilities, rain water drains, traffic management and pollution abatement, etc.
GoPunjab believes that each of its schemes will improve economic status, living standard and the environment of cities in and around its scheme locations. GoPunjab promotes municipal services infrastructure improvement schemes, which are environmentally sound, socially acceptable and commercially viable. GoPunjab has reflected its environmental and social commitments through detailed operational procedures given in its ESMF. All schemes financed by GoPunjab under PCGIP shall be in consonance with its ESMF.
To facilitate the process laid within ESMF, GoPunjab intends to retain corporate consultants on its panel to assist in developing, appraising and monitoring environmentally and socially sensitive schemes.
ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSULTANTS The Consultants on the P&D Department, GoPunjab, roster will essentially provide services as required, for the following tasks:
i. Advising on scheme specific environmental and social screening. ii. The corporate consultants will be required to advise GoPunjab, CDGs and city entities while screening schemes for the environmental and social components. iii. Appraising Environmental Assessment Reports, Social Assessment Reports and other documents submitted by Grantees. iv. The corporate consultants will appraise the EAR and SAR of environmentally and socially sensitive schemes. They will review the identified environmental issues and assess the management measures and compliance with the measures suggested in ESMF. v. Monitoring and evaluation. vi. The consultants will assist in monitoring the progress of environmental and social aspects during construction, operation and maintenance of schemes specified by P&D Department of GoPunjab. They will evaluate quarterly progress reports on environmental and social aspects and will audit schemes specified by P&D Department of GoPunjab.
ELIGIBILITY Consultants on the roster can be either individuals or organizations. The consultants shall have the experience and expertise to address environmental and social concerns related to infrastructure development, cultural heritage conservation and tourism development schemes / projects.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 171 Environmental and Social Management Framework
EMPANELMENT Consultants will be engaged for a period of one year, during which they can be called upon to take up specific assignments.
EXPRESSION OF INTEREST The interested individual consultants/organizations should submit an application stating their interest to be listed on the P&D Department roster. Each application should include the following information:
1. Name, address and facsimile number of the organization; 2. Names and short Curriculum Vitae of the principal officials to be deputed; 3. Ownership and organization structure of the firm; 4. Financial statements for the previous three years; and 5. List of major assignments undertaken during the previous five years with special emphasis on the assignment being sought now;
The last date for receipt of applications for expression of interest is one month from the date of publication. After the review of the applications of expression of interest, a list will be prepared based on:
i. The firm’s general experience in the field of the assignment; and ii. Qualifications and competence of the personnel proposed for the assignment;
Up to five consultants will be enlisted on the roster and they will be invited to submit proposals for specific assignments as and when necessary.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 172 Environmental and Social Management Framework
C. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL (E&S) SPECIALIST
The following terms of reference are suggested for the E&S Specialist.
1. To verify periodically that the scheme activities are in line with the prevailing national, provincial and local legislation on one hand, and the World Bank policies on the other. 2. To ensure that ESMF is being fully integrated with the appraisal cycle by identifying the scheme category before issuing the ‘Terms of Reference’ to the design consultants and evaluating the proposals with respect to their complete lines and compliance to ESMF. 3. To carry out quarterly visits to scheme implementation sites to monitor as well as provide onsite training as required. 4. To coordinate closely with the external capacity-building consultants to conduct trainings of CDGs and its entities, and orientation programs for the design consultants, management consultants and contractors. 5. To co-ordinate on an annual basis with the external auditors and to ensure that the scope of the audit covers both (i) GoPunjab’s internal procedures and (ii) scheme and sub-scheme design, implementation and operation issues. 6. To arrange to conduct analytical studies based on scheme and sub-scheme experience in order to influence policy changes that will lead to better management of environmental and social / R&R issues in the urban sector as a whole. 7. To retain documents, reports and other records pertaining to ESMF. 8. To prepare and submit quarterly progress reports to the GoPunjab, the World Bank and other agencies as required. 9. To function as a single-point contact on matters of ESMF on behalf of GoPunjab’s for other GoPunjab staff/departments and external agencies. 10. To update and maintain GoPunjab’s ESMF on a continuous basis. 11. To report to Project Directors of Units on all matters pertaining to GoPunjab’s ESMF.
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 173 Environmental and Social Management Framework
D. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR ENVIRONMENT & SOCIAL / R&R CAPACITY-BUILDING CONSULTANTS
The following terms of reference are suggested for the environmental and social capacity-building consultants.
1. To develop and maintain the following guidelines: Construction-related guidelines for all urban scheme and sub schemes, generic environmental guidelines for each sub-schemes type, site selection guidelines and health & safety guidelines. 2. To provide support to GoPunjab in all queries posed to the environmental and social specialist by external agencies such as the scheme design consultants, CDGs and city entities. 3. To identify training needs and accordingly prepare and maintain a training agenda on environmental and social / R&R issues in the urban sector for the CDGs. 4. To develop and deliver training programs for different stakeholders in the urban sector of CDGs on a continuous basis. 5. To document good practices in the urban sector that has a replication potential and to use this good practice information for the training. 6. To ensure that the monitoring feedback from the environmental and social specialist and the external auditors are suitably incorporated in the training modules. 7. To record training feedback and evaluate the same to improve subsequent trainings. 8. To provide support to GoPunjab in analytical studies and notes prepared for bringing about policy changes. 9. To provide half-yearly reports of the capacity-building initiatives undertaken.
[Note: The external capacity-building consultants would be working for GoPunjab, CDGs and city entities on a continuous basis throughout PCGIP. They would be initially contracted for 2-years extendable based on their performance.]
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 174 Environmental and Social Management Framework
E. CONTRACTUAL TEXT FOR EAR/SAR CONSULTANCIES
The following text shall be included in the consultants’ contracts for monitoring the compliance of Environmental Assessment Report and Social Assessment Report for various sub-schemes of E-1 category.
FOR E-2 OR S-3 SCHEMES “The Consultant shall meet the specific guidelines provided in the ESMF of GoPunjab and shall ensure that the environmental and social issues are adequately addressed in the scheme. The implementation status of the same shall be reported to the Project Director of the Urban Unit or environmental and social specialist of CDGs.”
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 175 Environmental and Social Management Framework
SITE HANDING OVER DOCUMENT
Note: To be a part of contract agreement between an implementing Agency and a contractor.
SUB-SCHEME: (title)
CDG /TMA: (name)
REFERENCE: (work award letter number)
CONTRACTOR: (name of the contractor / firm)
The site required for the execution / implementation of above mentioned scheme, as per plans, profiles, lines, grades and specifications is being handed over to ___(name of the contractor / firm)for mobilizing at site. The site includes the following parcels (legal site description).
The site being handed over for the construction activities is owned / acquired / purchased (select one) by the implementing body and there is no claim pending for compensation as per Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) of the GoPunjab, approved by the Steering Committee. The site is clear of all encumbrances and all entitlements and payments have been delivered to the affected persons/party.
You are expected to mobilize at site to start the construction activities, with-in the stipulated time mentioned in your contract agreement for this sub-scheme.
Handed Over by Taken Over by
In-charge Implementing Entity Contractor’s Authorized Representative
(______) (Firm’s Name and Address)
Punjab Cities Governance Improvement Project Page 176